[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164247},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2515},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2508,"extension":2509,"meta":2510,"navigation":105,"path":2511,"seo":2512,"stem":2513,"__hash__":2514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2454},"minimark",[9,19,26,41,46,144,157,164,169,172,200,203,237,240,260,268,274,279,331,334,352,359,364,391,393,428,434,442,471,473,499,505,508,541,543,574,578,581,586,608,610,638,644,650,676,678,702,709,715,745,747,775,787,791,797,833,835,864,867,870,903,905,914,922,925,948,955,965,970,984,987,1031,1033,1067,1071,1107,1114,1118,1162,1164,1196,1202,1205,1295,1297,1323,1333,1336,1402,1412,1491,1501,1508,1513,1519,1542,1544,1565,1568,1582,1585,1636,1638,1677,1687,1691,1696,1700,1703,1730,1733,1762,1765,1790,1793,1802,1810,1832,1834,1862,1866,1872,1929,1935,1938,1997,2007,2016,2019,2051,2053,2061,2064,2071,2074,2097,2100,2107,2110,2129,2131,2150,2153,2175,2177,2205,2209,2215,2323,2326,2340,2344,2351,2354,2364,2369,2376,2382,2389,2399,2406,2414,2418,2450],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-range-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"range()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,27,28,29,32,33,35,36,40],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,30,31],{},"for"," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,34,17],{}," stops ",[37,38,39],"strong",{},"before"," the end value.",[42,43,45],"h2",{"id":44},"quick-example","Quick example",[47,48,53],"pre",{"className":49,"code":50,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n","python","",[15,54,55,85,100,107,114,120,126,132,138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57,60,63,67,70,74,78,82],"span",{"class":58,"line":59},"line",1,[56,61,31],{"class":62},"sVHd0",[56,64,66],{"class":65},"su5hD"," i ",[56,68,69],{"class":62},"in",[56,71,73],{"class":72},"sptTA"," range",[56,75,77],{"class":76},"sP7_E","(",[56,79,81],{"class":80},"srdBf","5",[56,83,84],{"class":76},"):\n",[56,86,88,91,93,97],{"class":58,"line":87},2,[56,89,90],{"class":72},"    print",[56,92,77],{"class":76},[56,94,96],{"class":95},"slqww","i",[56,98,99],{"class":76},")\n",[56,101,103],{"class":58,"line":102},3,[56,104,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},true,"\n",[56,108,110],{"class":58,"line":109},4,[56,111,113],{"class":112},"sutJx","# Output:\n",[56,115,117],{"class":58,"line":116},5,[56,118,119],{"class":112},"# 0\n",[56,121,123],{"class":58,"line":122},6,[56,124,125],{"class":112},"# 1\n",[56,127,129],{"class":58,"line":128},7,[56,130,131],{"class":112},"# 2\n",[56,133,135],{"class":58,"line":134},8,[56,136,137],{"class":112},"# 3\n",[56,139,141],{"class":58,"line":140},9,[56,142,143],{"class":112},"# 4\n",[20,145,146,149,150,153,154,156],{},[15,147,148],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,151,152],{},"0"," and stopping before ",[15,155,81],{},".",[42,158,160,161,163],{"id":159},"what-range-does","What ",[15,162,17],{}," does",[20,165,166,168],{},[15,167,17],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,170,171],{},"Key points:",[173,174,175,181,187,193],"ul",{},[176,177,178,180],"li",{},[15,179,17],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[176,182,183,184,186],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,185,31],{}," loops",[176,188,189,190],{},"The stop value is ",[37,191,192],{},"not included",[176,194,195,196,199],{},"It returns a ",[15,197,198],{},"range"," object, not a regular list",[20,201,202],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[47,204,206],{"className":49,"code":205,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,207,208,226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,209,210,212,215,217,219,221,224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,211,31],{"class":62},[56,213,214],{"class":65}," number ",[56,216,69],{"class":62},[56,218,73],{"class":72},[56,220,77],{"class":76},[56,222,223],{"class":80},"3",[56,225,84],{"class":76},[56,227,228,230,232,235],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,229,90],{"class":72},[56,231,77],{"class":76},[56,233,234],{"class":95},"number",[56,236,99],{"class":76},[20,238,239],{},"Output:",[47,241,243],{"className":49,"code":242,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,244,245,250,255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,246,247],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,248,249],{"class":80},"0\n",[56,251,252],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,253,254],{"class":80},"1\n",[56,256,257],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,258,259],{"class":80},"2\n",[20,261,262,263,156],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[264,265,267],"a",{"href":266},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[42,269,271,273],{"id":270},"range-syntax",[15,272,17],{}," syntax",[20,275,276,278],{},[15,277,17],{}," has three common forms:",[47,280,282],{"className":49,"code":281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,283,284,295,312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,285,286,288,290,293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,287,198],{"class":72},[56,289,77],{"class":76},[56,291,292],{"class":95},"stop",[56,294,99],{"class":76},[56,296,297,299,301,304,307,310],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,298,198],{"class":72},[56,300,77],{"class":76},[56,302,303],{"class":95},"start",[56,305,306],{"class":76},",",[56,308,309],{"class":95}," stop",[56,311,99],{"class":76},[56,313,314,316,318,320,322,324,326,329],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,315,198],{"class":72},[56,317,77],{"class":76},[56,319,303],{"class":95},[56,321,306],{"class":76},[56,323,309],{"class":95},[56,325,306],{"class":76},[56,327,328],{"class":95}," step",[56,330,99],{"class":76},[20,332,333],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[173,335,336,341,346],{},[176,337,338,340],{},[15,339,303],{}," = first number",[176,342,343,345],{},[15,344,292],{}," = end limit, not included",[176,347,348,351],{},[15,349,350],{},"step"," = amount to move each time",[353,354,356],"h3",{"id":355},"rangestop",[15,357,358],{},"range(stop)",[20,360,361,362,156],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,363,152],{},[47,365,367],{"className":49,"code":366,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,368,369],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,370,371,374,376,380,382,384,386,388],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,372,373],{"class":72},"print",[56,375,77],{"class":76},[56,377,379],{"class":378},"sZMiF","list",[56,381,77],{"class":76},[56,383,198],{"class":72},[56,385,77],{"class":76},[56,387,81],{"class":80},[56,389,390],{"class":76},")))\n",[20,392,239],{},[47,394,396],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,397,398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,399,400,403,405,407,410,412,415,417,420,422,425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,401,402],{"class":76},"[",[56,404,152],{"class":80},[56,406,306],{"class":76},[56,408,409],{"class":80}," 1",[56,411,306],{"class":76},[56,413,414],{"class":80}," 2",[56,416,306],{"class":76},[56,418,419],{"class":80}," 3",[56,421,306],{"class":76},[56,423,424],{"class":80}," 4",[56,426,427],{"class":76},"]\n",[353,429,431],{"id":430},"rangestart-stop",[15,432,433],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,435,436,437,439,440,156],{},"This starts at ",[15,438,303],{}," and stops before ",[15,441,292],{},[47,443,445],{"className":49,"code":444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,446,447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,448,449,451,453,455,457,459,461,464,466,469],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,450,373],{"class":72},[56,452,77],{"class":76},[56,454,379],{"class":378},[56,456,77],{"class":76},[56,458,198],{"class":72},[56,460,77],{"class":76},[56,462,463],{"class":80},"2",[56,465,306],{"class":76},[56,467,468],{"class":80}," 6",[56,470,390],{"class":76},[20,472,239],{},[47,474,476],{"className":49,"code":475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,477,478],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,479,480,482,484,486,488,490,492,494,497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,481,402],{"class":76},[56,483,463],{"class":80},[56,485,306],{"class":76},[56,487,419],{"class":80},[56,489,306],{"class":76},[56,491,424],{"class":80},[56,493,306],{"class":76},[56,495,496],{"class":80}," 5",[56,498,427],{"class":76},[353,500,502],{"id":501},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,503,504],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,506,507],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[47,509,511],{"className":49,"code":510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,512,513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,514,515,517,519,521,523,525,527,530,532,535,537,539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,516,373],{"class":72},[56,518,77],{"class":76},[56,520,379],{"class":378},[56,522,77],{"class":76},[56,524,198],{"class":72},[56,526,77],{"class":76},[56,528,529],{"class":80},"1",[56,531,306],{"class":76},[56,533,534],{"class":80}," 10",[56,536,306],{"class":76},[56,538,414],{"class":80},[56,540,390],{"class":76},[20,542,239],{},[47,544,546],{"className":49,"code":545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,547,548],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,549,550,552,554,556,558,560,562,564,567,569,572],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,551,402],{"class":76},[56,553,529],{"class":80},[56,555,306],{"class":76},[56,557,419],{"class":80},[56,559,306],{"class":76},[56,561,496],{"class":80},[56,563,306],{"class":76},[56,565,566],{"class":80}," 7",[56,568,306],{"class":76},[56,570,571],{"class":80}," 9",[56,573,427],{"class":76},[42,575,577],{"id":576},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,579,580],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[353,582,584],{"id":583},"range5",[15,585,148],{},[47,587,588],{"className":49,"code":366,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,589,590],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,591,592,594,596,598,600,602,604,606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,593,373],{"class":72},[56,595,77],{"class":76},[56,597,379],{"class":378},[56,599,77],{"class":76},[56,601,198],{"class":72},[56,603,77],{"class":76},[56,605,81],{"class":80},[56,607,390],{"class":76},[20,609,239],{},[47,611,612],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,613,614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,615,616,618,620,622,624,626,628,630,632,634,636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,617,402],{"class":76},[56,619,152],{"class":80},[56,621,306],{"class":76},[56,623,409],{"class":80},[56,625,306],{"class":76},[56,627,414],{"class":80},[56,629,306],{"class":76},[56,631,419],{"class":80},[56,633,306],{"class":76},[56,635,424],{"class":80},[56,637,427],{"class":76},[20,639,436,640,439,642,156],{},[15,641,152],{},[15,643,81],{},[353,645,647],{"id":646},"range2-6",[15,648,649],{},"range(2, 6)",[47,651,652],{"className":49,"code":444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,653,654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,655,656,658,660,662,664,666,668,670,672,674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,657,373],{"class":72},[56,659,77],{"class":76},[56,661,379],{"class":378},[56,663,77],{"class":76},[56,665,198],{"class":72},[56,667,77],{"class":76},[56,669,463],{"class":80},[56,671,306],{"class":76},[56,673,468],{"class":80},[56,675,390],{"class":76},[20,677,239],{},[47,679,680],{"className":49,"code":475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,681,682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,683,684,686,688,690,692,694,696,698,700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,685,402],{"class":76},[56,687,463],{"class":80},[56,689,306],{"class":76},[56,691,419],{"class":80},[56,693,306],{"class":76},[56,695,424],{"class":80},[56,697,306],{"class":76},[56,699,496],{"class":80},[56,701,427],{"class":76},[20,703,436,704,439,706,156],{},[15,705,463],{},[15,707,708],{},"6",[353,710,712],{"id":711},"range1-10-2",[15,713,714],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[47,716,717],{"className":49,"code":510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,718,719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,720,721,723,725,727,729,731,733,735,737,739,741,743],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,722,373],{"class":72},[56,724,77],{"class":76},[56,726,379],{"class":378},[56,728,77],{"class":76},[56,730,198],{"class":72},[56,732,77],{"class":76},[56,734,529],{"class":80},[56,736,306],{"class":76},[56,738,534],{"class":80},[56,740,306],{"class":76},[56,742,414],{"class":80},[56,744,390],{"class":76},[20,746,239],{},[47,748,749],{"className":49,"code":545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,750,751],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,752,753,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769,771,773],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,754,402],{"class":76},[56,756,529],{"class":80},[56,758,306],{"class":76},[56,760,419],{"class":80},[56,762,306],{"class":76},[56,764,496],{"class":80},[56,766,306],{"class":76},[56,768,566],{"class":80},[56,770,306],{"class":76},[56,772,571],{"class":80},[56,774,427],{"class":76},[20,776,777,778,780,781,783,784,156],{},"This moves by ",[15,779,463],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,782,529],{}," to ",[15,785,786],{},"9",[353,788,790],{"id":789},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,792,793,794,796],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,795,17],{}," count backward.",[47,798,800],{"className":49,"code":799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,801,802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,803,804,806,808,810,812,814,816,818,820,823,825,829,831],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,805,373],{"class":72},[56,807,77],{"class":76},[56,809,379],{"class":378},[56,811,77],{"class":76},[56,813,198],{"class":72},[56,815,77],{"class":76},[56,817,81],{"class":80},[56,819,306],{"class":76},[56,821,822],{"class":80}," 0",[56,824,306],{"class":76},[56,826,828],{"class":827},"smGrS"," -",[56,830,529],{"class":80},[56,832,390],{"class":76},[20,834,239],{},[47,836,838],{"className":49,"code":837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,839,840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,841,842,844,846,848,850,852,854,856,858,860,862],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,843,402],{"class":76},[56,845,81],{"class":80},[56,847,306],{"class":76},[56,849,424],{"class":80},[56,851,306],{"class":76},[56,853,419],{"class":80},[56,855,306],{"class":76},[56,857,414],{"class":80},[56,859,306],{"class":76},[56,861,409],{"class":80},[56,863,427],{"class":76},[20,865,866],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,868,869],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[47,871,873],{"className":49,"code":872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,874,875],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,876,877,879,881,883,885,887,889,891,893,895,897,899,901],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,878,373],{"class":72},[56,880,77],{"class":76},[56,882,379],{"class":378},[56,884,77],{"class":76},[56,886,198],{"class":72},[56,888,77],{"class":76},[56,890,529],{"class":80},[56,892,306],{"class":76},[56,894,496],{"class":80},[56,896,306],{"class":76},[56,898,828],{"class":827},[56,900,529],{"class":80},[56,902,390],{"class":76},[20,904,239],{},[47,906,908],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[]\n",[15,909,910],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,911,912],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,913,907],{"class":76},[353,915,917,919,920],{"id":916},"step-cannot-be-0",[15,918,350],{}," cannot be ",[15,921,152],{},[20,923,924],{},"This causes an error:",[47,926,928],{"className":49,"code":927,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,929,930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,931,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,933,198],{"class":72},[56,935,77],{"class":76},[56,937,529],{"class":80},[56,939,306],{"class":76},[56,941,496],{"class":80},[56,943,306],{"class":76},[56,945,822],{"class":80},[56,947,99],{"class":76},[20,949,950,951,954],{},"Python raises a ",[15,952,953],{},"ValueError"," because it cannot move by zero.",[42,956,958,959,961,962,964],{"id":957},"using-range-in-a-for-loop","Using ",[15,960,17],{}," in a ",[15,963,31],{}," loop",[20,966,967,969],{},[15,968,17],{}," is most useful when:",[173,971,972,975,978],{},[176,973,974],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[176,976,977],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[176,979,980,981],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,982,983],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,985,986],{},"Example:",[47,988,990],{"className":49,"code":989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,991,992,1008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,993,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,995,31],{"class":62},[56,997,66],{"class":65},[56,999,69],{"class":62},[56,1001,73],{"class":72},[56,1003,77],{"class":76},[56,1005,223],{"class":80},[56,1007,84],{"class":76},[56,1009,1010,1012,1014,1018,1022,1024,1026,1029],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1011,90],{"class":72},[56,1013,77],{"class":76},[56,1015,1017],{"class":1016},"sjJ54","\"",[56,1019,1021],{"class":1020},"s_sjI","Loop number:",[56,1023,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1025,306],{"class":76},[56,1027,1028],{"class":95}," i",[56,1030,99],{"class":76},[20,1032,239],{},[47,1034,1036],{"className":49,"code":1035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,1037,1038,1049,1058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1039,1040,1043,1046],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1041,1042],{"class":65},"Loop number",[56,1044,1045],{"class":76},":",[56,1047,1048],{"class":80}," 0\n",[56,1050,1051,1053,1055],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1052,1042],{"class":65},[56,1054,1045],{"class":76},[56,1056,1057],{"class":80}," 1\n",[56,1059,1060,1062,1064],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1061,1042],{"class":65},[56,1063,1045],{"class":76},[56,1065,1066],{"class":80}," 2\n",[353,1068,1070],{"id":1069},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[47,1072,1074],{"className":49,"code":1073,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,1075,1076,1092],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1077,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1079,31],{"class":62},[56,1081,66],{"class":65},[56,1083,69],{"class":62},[56,1085,73],{"class":72},[56,1087,77],{"class":76},[56,1089,81],{"class":80},[56,1091,84],{"class":76},[56,1093,1094,1096,1098,1100,1103,1105],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1095,90],{"class":72},[56,1097,77],{"class":76},[56,1099,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1101,1102],{"class":1020},"Hello",[56,1104,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1106,99],{"class":76},[20,1108,1109,1110,1113],{},"This prints ",[15,1111,1112],{},"\"Hello\""," five times.",[353,1115,1117],{"id":1116},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[47,1119,1121],{"className":49,"code":1120,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,1122,1123,1143],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1124,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1126,31],{"class":62},[56,1128,66],{"class":65},[56,1130,69],{"class":62},[56,1132,73],{"class":72},[56,1134,77],{"class":76},[56,1136,529],{"class":80},[56,1138,306],{"class":76},[56,1140,424],{"class":80},[56,1142,84],{"class":76},[56,1144,1145,1147,1149,1151,1154,1156,1158,1160],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1146,90],{"class":72},[56,1148,77],{"class":76},[56,1150,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1152,1153],{"class":1020},"Current number is",[56,1155,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1157,306],{"class":76},[56,1159,1028],{"class":95},[56,1161,99],{"class":76},[20,1163,239],{},[47,1165,1167],{"className":49,"code":1166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,1168,1169,1179,1187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1170,1171,1174,1177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1172,1173],{"class":65},"Current number ",[56,1175,1176],{"class":827},"is",[56,1178,1057],{"class":80},[56,1180,1181,1183,1185],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1182,1173],{"class":65},[56,1184,1176],{"class":827},[56,1186,1066],{"class":80},[56,1188,1189,1191,1193],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1190,1173],{"class":65},[56,1192,1176],{"class":827},[56,1194,1195],{"class":80}," 3\n",[353,1197,1199,1201],{"id":1198},"range-and-indexing",[15,1200,17],{}," and indexing",[20,1203,1204],{},"You may see code like this:",[47,1206,1208],{"className":49,"code":1207,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,1209,1210,1248,1252,1275],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1211,1212,1215,1218,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1232,1235,1237,1239,1241,1244,1246],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1213,1214],{"class":65},"items ",[56,1216,1217],{"class":827},"=",[56,1219,1220],{"class":76}," [",[56,1222,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1224,264],{"class":1020},[56,1226,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1228,306],{"class":76},[56,1230,1231],{"class":1016}," \"",[56,1233,1234],{"class":1020},"b",[56,1236,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1238,306],{"class":76},[56,1240,1231],{"class":1016},[56,1242,1243],{"class":1020},"c",[56,1245,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1247,427],{"class":76},[56,1249,1250],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1251,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,1253,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1267,1269,1272],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1255,31],{"class":62},[56,1257,66],{"class":65},[56,1259,69],{"class":62},[56,1261,73],{"class":72},[56,1263,77],{"class":76},[56,1265,1266],{"class":72},"len",[56,1268,77],{"class":76},[56,1270,1271],{"class":95},"items",[56,1273,1274],{"class":76},")):\n",[56,1276,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1288,1290,1292],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,1278,90],{"class":72},[56,1280,77],{"class":76},[56,1282,96],{"class":95},[56,1284,306],{"class":76},[56,1286,1287],{"class":95}," items",[56,1289,402],{"class":76},[56,1291,96],{"class":95},[56,1293,1294],{"class":76},"])\n",[20,1296,239],{},[47,1298,1300],{"className":49,"code":1299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,1301,1302,1309,1316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1303,1304,1306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1305,152],{"class":80},[56,1307,1308],{"class":65}," a\n",[56,1310,1311,1313],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1312,529],{"class":80},[56,1314,1315],{"class":65}," b\n",[56,1317,1318,1320],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1319,463],{"class":80},[56,1321,1322],{"class":65}," c\n",[20,1324,1325,1326,1332],{},"This works, and it uses ",[264,1327,1329],{"href":1328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,1330,1331],{},"len()"," to get the number of items.",[20,1334,1335],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[47,1337,1339],{"className":49,"code":1338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,1340,1341,1373,1377,1391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1342,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1344,1214],{"class":65},[56,1346,1217],{"class":827},[56,1348,1220],{"class":76},[56,1350,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1352,264],{"class":1020},[56,1354,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1356,306],{"class":76},[56,1358,1231],{"class":1016},[56,1360,1234],{"class":1020},[56,1362,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1364,306],{"class":76},[56,1366,1231],{"class":1016},[56,1368,1243],{"class":1020},[56,1370,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1372,427],{"class":76},[56,1374,1375],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1376,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,1378,1379,1381,1384,1386,1388],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1380,31],{"class":62},[56,1382,1383],{"class":65}," item ",[56,1385,69],{"class":62},[56,1387,1287],{"class":65},[56,1389,1390],{"class":76},":\n",[56,1392,1393,1395,1397,1400],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,1394,90],{"class":72},[56,1396,77],{"class":76},[56,1398,1399],{"class":95},"item",[56,1401,99],{"class":76},[20,1403,1404,1405,1411],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[264,1406,1408],{"href":1407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,1409,1410],{},"enumerate()"," is usually a better choice:",[47,1413,1415],{"className":49,"code":1414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,1416,1417,1449,1453,1475],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1418,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1420,1214],{"class":65},[56,1422,1217],{"class":827},[56,1424,1220],{"class":76},[56,1426,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1428,264],{"class":1020},[56,1430,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1432,306],{"class":76},[56,1434,1231],{"class":1016},[56,1436,1234],{"class":1020},[56,1438,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1440,306],{"class":76},[56,1442,1231],{"class":1016},[56,1444,1243],{"class":1020},[56,1446,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1448,427],{"class":76},[56,1450,1451],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1452,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,1454,1455,1457,1460,1462,1464,1466,1469,1471,1473],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1456,31],{"class":62},[56,1458,1459],{"class":65}," index",[56,1461,306],{"class":76},[56,1463,1383],{"class":65},[56,1465,69],{"class":62},[56,1467,1468],{"class":72}," enumerate",[56,1470,77],{"class":76},[56,1472,1271],{"class":95},[56,1474,84],{"class":76},[56,1476,1477,1479,1481,1484,1486,1489],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,1478,90],{"class":72},[56,1480,77],{"class":76},[56,1482,1483],{"class":95},"index",[56,1485,306],{"class":76},[56,1487,1488],{"class":95}," item",[56,1490,99],{"class":76},[20,1492,1493,1494,156],{},"You can learn more in ",[264,1495,1497,1498,1500],{"href":1496},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,1499,1410],{}," in Python",[42,1502,1504,1505,1507],{"id":1503},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,1506,17],{}," to a list",[20,1509,1510,1512],{},[15,1511,17],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,1514,1515,1516,1045],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,1517,1518],{},"list()",[47,1520,1522],{"className":49,"code":1521,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,1523,1524],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1525,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1527,373],{"class":72},[56,1529,77],{"class":76},[56,1531,379],{"class":378},[56,1533,77],{"class":76},[56,1535,198],{"class":72},[56,1537,77],{"class":76},[56,1539,223],{"class":80},[56,1541,390],{"class":76},[20,1543,239],{},[47,1545,1547],{"className":49,"code":1546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,1548,1549],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1550,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1552,402],{"class":76},[56,1554,152],{"class":80},[56,1556,306],{"class":76},[56,1558,409],{"class":80},[56,1560,306],{"class":76},[56,1562,414],{"class":80},[56,1564,427],{"class":76},[20,1566,1567],{},"This is helpful for:",[173,1569,1570,1576,1579],{},[176,1571,1572,1573,1575],{},"learning how ",[15,1574,17],{}," works",[176,1577,1578],{},"checking your values",[176,1580,1581],{},"debugging code",[20,1583,1584],{},"For example:",[47,1586,1588],{"className":49,"code":1587,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,1589,1590,1606,1610,1621],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1591,1592,1595,1597,1599,1601,1604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1593,1594],{"class":65},"numbers ",[56,1596,1217],{"class":827},[56,1598,73],{"class":72},[56,1600,77],{"class":76},[56,1602,1603],{"class":80},"4",[56,1605,99],{"class":76},[56,1607,1608],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1609,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,1611,1612,1614,1616,1619],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1613,373],{"class":72},[56,1615,77],{"class":76},[56,1617,1618],{"class":95},"numbers",[56,1620,99],{"class":76},[56,1622,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,1624,373],{"class":72},[56,1626,77],{"class":76},[56,1628,379],{"class":378},[56,1630,77],{"class":76},[56,1632,1618],{"class":95},[56,1634,1635],{"class":76},"))\n",[20,1637,239],{},[47,1639,1641],{"className":49,"code":1640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1642,1643,1657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1644,1645,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1646,198],{"class":72},[56,1648,77],{"class":76},[56,1650,152],{"class":80},[56,1652,306],{"class":76},[56,1654,424],{"class":80},[56,1656,99],{"class":76},[56,1658,1659,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1675],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1660,402],{"class":76},[56,1662,152],{"class":80},[56,1664,306],{"class":76},[56,1666,409],{"class":80},[56,1668,306],{"class":76},[56,1670,414],{"class":80},[56,1672,306],{"class":76},[56,1674,419],{"class":80},[56,1676,427],{"class":76},[20,1678,1679,1680,1682,1683,1686],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,1681,198],{}," vs ",[15,1684,1685],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[42,1688,1690],{"id":1689},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1692,1693,1694,156],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,1695,17],{},[353,1697,1699],{"id":1698},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,1701,1702],{},"Many beginners think this:",[47,1704,1706],{"className":49,"code":1705,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,1707,1708],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1709,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726,1728],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1711,373],{"class":72},[56,1713,77],{"class":76},[56,1715,379],{"class":378},[56,1717,77],{"class":76},[56,1719,198],{"class":72},[56,1721,77],{"class":76},[56,1723,529],{"class":80},[56,1725,306],{"class":76},[56,1727,496],{"class":80},[56,1729,390],{"class":76},[20,1731,1732],{},"will produce:",[47,1734,1736],{"className":49,"code":1735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,1737,1738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1739,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1741,402],{"class":76},[56,1743,529],{"class":80},[56,1745,306],{"class":76},[56,1747,414],{"class":80},[56,1749,306],{"class":76},[56,1751,419],{"class":80},[56,1753,306],{"class":76},[56,1755,424],{"class":80},[56,1757,306],{"class":76},[56,1759,496],{"class":80},[56,1761,427],{"class":76},[20,1763,1764],{},"But the real output is:",[47,1766,1768],{"className":49,"code":1767,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,1769,1770],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1771,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1773,402],{"class":76},[56,1775,529],{"class":80},[56,1777,306],{"class":76},[56,1779,414],{"class":80},[56,1781,306],{"class":76},[56,1783,419],{"class":80},[56,1785,306],{"class":76},[56,1787,424],{"class":80},[56,1789,427],{"class":76},[20,1791,1792],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[353,1794,1796,1797,1799,1800],{"id":1795},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1","Assuming ",[15,1798,148],{}," starts at ",[15,1801,529],{},[20,1803,1804,1805,1807,1808,156],{},"It starts at ",[15,1806,152],{},", not ",[15,1809,529],{},[47,1811,1812],{"className":49,"code":366,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,1813,1814],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1815,1816,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828,1830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1817,373],{"class":72},[56,1819,77],{"class":76},[56,1821,379],{"class":378},[56,1823,77],{"class":76},[56,1825,198],{"class":72},[56,1827,77],{"class":76},[56,1829,81],{"class":80},[56,1831,390],{"class":76},[20,1833,239],{},[47,1835,1836],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,1837,1838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1839,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1841,402],{"class":76},[56,1843,152],{"class":80},[56,1845,306],{"class":76},[56,1847,409],{"class":80},[56,1849,306],{"class":76},[56,1851,414],{"class":80},[56,1853,306],{"class":76},[56,1855,419],{"class":80},[56,1857,306],{"class":76},[56,1859,424],{"class":80},[56,1861,427],{"class":76},[353,1863,1865],{"id":1864},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,1867,1868,1869,1045],{},"This often happens with ",[15,1870,1871],{},"input()",[47,1873,1875],{"className":49,"code":1874,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,1876,1877,1898,1902,1919],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1878,1879,1882,1884,1887,1889,1891,1894,1896],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1880,1881],{"class":65},"user_number ",[56,1883,1217],{"class":827},[56,1885,1886],{"class":72}," input",[56,1888,77],{"class":76},[56,1890,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1892,1893],{"class":1020},"Enter a number: ",[56,1895,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1897,99],{"class":76},[56,1899,1900],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1901,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,1903,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1914,1917],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1905,31],{"class":62},[56,1907,66],{"class":65},[56,1909,69],{"class":62},[56,1911,73],{"class":72},[56,1913,77],{"class":76},[56,1915,1916],{"class":95},"user_number",[56,1918,84],{"class":76},[56,1920,1921,1923,1925,1927],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,1922,90],{"class":72},[56,1924,77],{"class":76},[56,1926,96],{"class":95},[56,1928,99],{"class":76},[20,1930,1931,1932,1934],{},"This fails because ",[15,1933,1871],{}," returns a string.",[20,1936,1937],{},"Correct version:",[47,1939,1941],{"className":49,"code":1940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,1942,1943,1967,1971,1987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1944,1945,1947,1949,1952,1954,1957,1959,1961,1963,1965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1946,1881],{"class":65},[56,1948,1217],{"class":827},[56,1950,1951],{"class":378}," int",[56,1953,77],{"class":76},[56,1955,1956],{"class":72},"input",[56,1958,77],{"class":76},[56,1960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1962,1893],{"class":1020},[56,1964,1017],{"class":1016},[56,1966,1635],{"class":76},[56,1968,1969],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,1970,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,1972,1973,1975,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1974,31],{"class":62},[56,1976,66],{"class":65},[56,1978,69],{"class":62},[56,1980,73],{"class":72},[56,1982,77],{"class":76},[56,1984,1916],{"class":95},[56,1986,84],{"class":76},[56,1988,1989,1991,1993,1995],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,1990,90],{"class":72},[56,1992,77],{"class":76},[56,1994,96],{"class":95},[56,1996,99],{"class":76},[20,1998,1999,2000,156],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[264,2001,2003,2004],{"href":2002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,2005,2006],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[353,2008,2010,2011,2013,2014],{"id":2009},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,2012,303],{}," smaller than ",[15,2015,292],{},[20,2017,2018],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[47,2020,2021],{"className":49,"code":872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2022,2023],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2024,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2026,373],{"class":72},[56,2028,77],{"class":76},[56,2030,379],{"class":378},[56,2032,77],{"class":76},[56,2034,198],{"class":72},[56,2036,77],{"class":76},[56,2038,529],{"class":80},[56,2040,306],{"class":76},[56,2042,496],{"class":80},[56,2044,306],{"class":76},[56,2046,828],{"class":827},[56,2048,529],{"class":80},[56,2050,390],{"class":76},[20,2052,239],{},[47,2054,2055],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2056,2057],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2058,2059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2060,907],{"class":76},[20,2062,2063],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[353,2065,2067,2068],{"id":2066},"trying-to-use-step-0","Trying to use ",[15,2069,2070],{},"step = 0",[20,2072,2073],{},"This is not allowed:",[47,2075,2077],{"className":49,"code":2076,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,2078,2079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2080,2081,2083,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2082,198],{"class":72},[56,2084,77],{"class":76},[56,2086,529],{"class":80},[56,2088,306],{"class":76},[56,2090,534],{"class":80},[56,2092,306],{"class":76},[56,2094,822],{"class":80},[56,2096,99],{"class":76},[20,2098,2099],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[353,2101,2103,2104,2106],{"id":2102},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list","Forgetting that ",[15,2105,17],{}," is not a list",[20,2108,2109],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[47,2111,2113],{"className":49,"code":2112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\n",[15,2114,2115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2116,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2118,373],{"class":72},[56,2120,77],{"class":76},[56,2122,198],{"class":72},[56,2124,77],{"class":76},[56,2126,81],{"class":80},[56,2128,1635],{"class":76},[20,2130,239],{},[47,2132,2134],{"className":49,"code":2133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,2135,2136],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2137,2138,2140,2142,2144,2146,2148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2139,198],{"class":72},[56,2141,77],{"class":76},[56,2143,152],{"class":80},[56,2145,306],{"class":76},[56,2147,496],{"class":80},[56,2149,99],{"class":76},[20,2151,2152],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[47,2154,2155],{"className":49,"code":366,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2156,2157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2158,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2160,373],{"class":72},[56,2162,77],{"class":76},[56,2164,379],{"class":378},[56,2166,77],{"class":76},[56,2168,198],{"class":72},[56,2170,77],{"class":76},[56,2172,81],{"class":80},[56,2174,390],{"class":76},[20,2176,239],{},[47,2178,2179],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2180,2181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2182,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193,2195,2197,2199,2201,2203],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2184,402],{"class":76},[56,2186,152],{"class":80},[56,2188,306],{"class":76},[56,2190,409],{"class":80},[56,2192,306],{"class":76},[56,2194,414],{"class":80},[56,2196,306],{"class":76},[56,2198,419],{"class":80},[56,2200,306],{"class":76},[56,2202,424],{"class":80},[56,2204,427],{"class":76},[42,2206,2208],{"id":2207},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,2210,2211,2212,2214],{},"If ",[15,2213,17],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,2216,2218],{"className":49,"code":2217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,2219,2220,2234,2252,2275,2304],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2221,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230,2232],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2223,373],{"class":72},[56,2225,77],{"class":76},[56,2227,198],{"class":72},[56,2229,77],{"class":76},[56,2231,81],{"class":80},[56,2233,1635],{"class":76},[56,2235,2236,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2250],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,2237,373],{"class":72},[56,2239,77],{"class":76},[56,2241,379],{"class":378},[56,2243,77],{"class":76},[56,2245,198],{"class":72},[56,2247,77],{"class":76},[56,2249,81],{"class":80},[56,2251,390],{"class":76},[56,2253,2254,2256,2258,2260,2262,2264,2266,2268,2270,2273],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2255,373],{"class":72},[56,2257,77],{"class":76},[56,2259,379],{"class":378},[56,2261,77],{"class":76},[56,2263,198],{"class":72},[56,2265,77],{"class":76},[56,2267,463],{"class":80},[56,2269,306],{"class":76},[56,2271,2272],{"class":80}," 8",[56,2274,390],{"class":76},[56,2276,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2292,2294,2296,2298,2300,2302],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,2278,373],{"class":72},[56,2280,77],{"class":76},[56,2282,379],{"class":378},[56,2284,77],{"class":76},[56,2286,198],{"class":72},[56,2288,77],{"class":76},[56,2290,2291],{"class":80},"10",[56,2293,306],{"class":76},[56,2295,822],{"class":80},[56,2297,306],{"class":76},[56,2299,828],{"class":827},[56,2301,463],{"class":80},[56,2303,390],{"class":76},[56,2305,2306,2308,2310,2313,2315,2317,2319,2321],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,2307,373],{"class":72},[56,2309,77],{"class":76},[56,2311,2312],{"class":378},"type",[56,2314,77],{"class":76},[56,2316,198],{"class":72},[56,2318,77],{"class":76},[56,2320,81],{"class":80},[56,2322,390],{"class":76},[20,2324,2325],{},"These help you confirm:",[173,2327,2328,2331,2334],{},[176,2329,2330],{},"what values are being created",[176,2332,2333],{},"whether the direction is correct",[176,2335,2336,2337,2339],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,2338,198],{}," object",[42,2341,2343],{"id":2342},"faq","FAQ",[353,2345,2347,2348,2350],{"id":2346},"does-range-include-the-last-number","Does ",[15,2349,17],{}," include the last number?",[20,2352,2353],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[353,2355,2357,2358,2360,2361,2363],{"id":2356},"why-does-range5-start-at-0","Why does ",[15,2359,148],{}," start at ",[15,2362,152],{},"?",[20,2365,2366,2367,156],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,2368,152],{},[353,2370,2372,2373,2375],{"id":2371},"can-range-count-backward","Can ",[15,2374,17],{}," count backward?",[20,2377,2378,2379,156],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,2380,2381],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[353,2383,2385,2386,2388],{"id":2384},"is-range-a-list","Is ",[15,2387,17],{}," a list?",[20,2390,2391,2392,2394,2395,2398],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,2393,198],{}," object. Use ",[15,2396,2397],{},"list(range(...))"," if you need a list.",[353,2400,2357,2402,2405],{"id":2401},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,2403,2404],{},"range(input())"," fail?",[20,2407,2408,2410,2411,156],{},[15,2409,1871],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,2412,2413],{},"int(input())",[42,2415,2417],{"id":2416},"see-also","See also",[173,2419,2420,2424,2431,2437,2444],{},[176,2421,2422],{},[264,2423,267],{"href":266},[176,2425,2426],{},[264,2427,13,2428,2430],{"href":1328},[15,2429,1331],{}," function explained",[176,2432,2433],{},[264,2434,13,2435,2430],{"href":1407},[15,2436,1410],{},[176,2438,2439],{},[264,2440,2441,2442,1500],{"href":1496},"How to use ",[15,2443,1410],{},[176,2445,2446],{},[264,2447,2003,2448],{"href":2002},[15,2449,2006],{},[2451,2452,2453],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":2455},[2456,2457,2459,2465,2473,2480,2482,2494,2495,2507],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":159,"depth":87,"text":2458},"What range() does",{"id":270,"depth":87,"text":2460,"children":2461},"range() syntax",[2462,2463,2464],{"id":355,"depth":102,"text":358},{"id":430,"depth":102,"text":433},{"id":501,"depth":102,"text":504},{"id":576,"depth":87,"text":577,"children":2466},[2467,2468,2469,2470,2471],{"id":583,"depth":102,"text":148},{"id":646,"depth":102,"text":649},{"id":711,"depth":102,"text":714},{"id":789,"depth":102,"text":790},{"id":916,"depth":102,"text":2472},"step cannot be 0",{"id":957,"depth":87,"text":2474,"children":2475},"Using range() in a for loop",[2476,2477,2478],{"id":1069,"depth":102,"text":1070},{"id":1116,"depth":102,"text":1117},{"id":1198,"depth":102,"text":2479},"range() and indexing",{"id":1503,"depth":87,"text":2481},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":2483},[2484,2485,2487,2488,2490,2492],{"id":1698,"depth":102,"text":1699},{"id":1795,"depth":102,"text":2486},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":1864,"depth":102,"text":1865},{"id":2009,"depth":102,"text":2489},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":2066,"depth":102,"text":2491},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":2102,"depth":102,"text":2493},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":2207,"depth":87,"text":2208},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":2496},[2497,2499,2501,2503,2505],{"id":2346,"depth":102,"text":2498},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":2356,"depth":102,"text":2500},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":2371,"depth":102,"text":2502},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":2384,"depth":102,"text":2504},"Is range() a list?",{"id":2401,"depth":102,"text":2506},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2508},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",[2516,4111,5816,7504,9641,11842,13361,15537,17743,20201,22040,24604,26697,28979,30925,32836,34830,36269,38078,40600,42759,43985,45356,47002,49319,51160,53142,54833,56086,57780,59531,61501,63250,65350,66709,68660,70221,72212,74007,75907,78343,80420,83058,85087,87050,89238,91241,93353,95035,96480,97674,98852,100692,103132,104836,106851,108375,109620,110783,112165,114236,116133,117907,119773,121892,123632,125094,126688,128611,130288,132223,133712,136496,138073,139632,141660,143612,145075,146264,148150,149561,151257,152811,154233,155636,157534,159928,161759],{"id":2517,"title":2518,"body":2519,"description":4105,"extension":2509,"meta":4106,"navigation":105,"path":4107,"seo":4108,"stem":4109,"__hash__":4110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2520,"toc":4077},[2521,2524,2531,2534,2545,2548,2550,2614,2616,2636,2642,2646,2651,2654,2669,2672,2696,2699,2703,2706,2722,2725,2752,2754,2812,2814,2829,2839,2850,2854,2857,2910,2912,2932,2935,2959,2966,2970,2975,2981,2983,3020,3022,3031,3037,3054,3057,3069,3073,3078,3082,3085,3106,3108,3165,3167,3175,3178,3182,3214,3216,3224,3227,3231,3236,3284,3286,3294,3298,3358,3360,3368,3371,3375,3379,3381,3404,3413,3429,3479,3481,3496,3506,3510,3513,3542,3549,3553,3558,3599,3601,3612,3615,3658,3660,3668,3672,3677,3699,3701,3710,3719,3723,3728,3750,3752,3822,3824,3876,3879,3882,3885,3965,3967,3998,4000,4004,4007,4011,4014,4018,4021,4025,4036,4040,4043,4045,4074],[10,2522,2518],{"id":2523},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2525,2526,2527,2530],{},"The ",[15,2528,2529],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2532,2533],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[173,2535,2536,2539,2542],{},[176,2537,2538],{},"a number without its negative sign",[176,2540,2541],{},"the distance between two numbers",[176,2543,2544],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2546,2547],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[42,2549,45],{"id":44},[47,2551,2553],{"className":49,"code":2552,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2554,2555,2574,2589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2556,2557,2559,2561,2564,2566,2569,2572],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2558,373],{"class":72},[56,2560,77],{"class":76},[56,2562,2563],{"class":72},"abs",[56,2565,77],{"class":76},[56,2567,2568],{"class":827},"-",[56,2570,2571],{"class":80},"7",[56,2573,1635],{"class":76},[56,2575,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584,2587],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,2577,373],{"class":72},[56,2579,77],{"class":76},[56,2581,2563],{"class":72},[56,2583,77],{"class":76},[56,2585,2586],{"class":80},"3.5",[56,2588,1635],{"class":76},[56,2590,2591,2593,2595,2597,2599,2601,2603,2606,2608,2612],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2592,373],{"class":72},[56,2594,77],{"class":76},[56,2596,2563],{"class":72},[56,2598,77],{"class":76},[56,2600,2568],{"class":827},[56,2602,463],{"class":80},[56,2604,2605],{"class":827},"+",[56,2607,223],{"class":80},[56,2609,2611],{"class":2610},"sbsja","j",[56,2613,1635],{"class":76},[20,2615,239],{},[47,2617,2619],{"className":49,"code":2618,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2620,2621,2626,2631],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2622,2623],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2624,2625],{"class":80},"7\n",[56,2627,2628],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,2629,2630],{"class":80},"3.5\n",[56,2632,2633],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2634,2635],{"class":80},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2637,2638,2639,2641],{},"Use ",[15,2640,2529],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[42,2643,2645],{"id":2644},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2647,2648,2650],{},[15,2649,2529],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2652,2653],{},"That means:",[173,2655,2656,2659,2662],{},[176,2657,2658],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[176,2660,2661],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[176,2663,2664,2666,2667],{},[15,2665,152],{}," stays ",[15,2668,152],{},[20,2670,2671],{},"Examples:",[173,2673,2674,2682,2689],{},[176,2675,2676,2679,2680],{},[15,2677,2678],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2681,81],{},[176,2683,2684,2679,2687],{},[15,2685,2686],{},"abs(9)",[15,2688,786],{},[176,2690,2691,2679,2694],{},[15,2692,2693],{},"abs(0)",[15,2695,152],{},[20,2697,2698],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[42,2700,2702],{"id":2701},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,2704,2705],{},"The syntax is:",[47,2707,2709],{"className":49,"code":2708,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abs(x)\n",[15,2710,2711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2712,2713,2715,2717,2720],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2714,2563],{"class":72},[56,2716,77],{"class":76},[56,2718,2719],{"class":95},"x",[56,2721,99],{"class":76},[20,2723,2724],{},"Here:",[173,2726,2727,2744,2749],{},[176,2728,2729,2731,2732,2735,2736,2739,2740,2743],{},[15,2730,2719],{}," is usually an ",[15,2733,2734],{},"int",", ",[15,2737,2738],{},"float",", or ",[15,2741,2742],{},"complex"," number",[176,2745,2746,2748],{},[15,2747,2529],{}," returns a new value",[176,2750,2751],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2753,986],{},[47,2755,2757],{"className":49,"code":2756,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2758,2759,2771,2787,2791,2801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2760,2761,2764,2766,2768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2762,2763],{"class":65},"number ",[56,2765,1217],{"class":827},[56,2767,828],{"class":827},[56,2769,2770],{"class":80},"12\n",[56,2772,2773,2776,2778,2781,2783,2785],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,2774,2775],{"class":65},"result ",[56,2777,1217],{"class":827},[56,2779,2780],{"class":72}," abs",[56,2782,77],{"class":76},[56,2784,234],{"class":95},[56,2786,99],{"class":76},[56,2788,2789],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2790,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,2792,2793,2795,2797,2799],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,2794,373],{"class":72},[56,2796,77],{"class":76},[56,2798,234],{"class":95},[56,2800,99],{"class":76},[56,2802,2803,2805,2807,2810],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,2804,373],{"class":72},[56,2806,77],{"class":76},[56,2808,2809],{"class":95},"result",[56,2811,99],{"class":76},[20,2813,239],{},[47,2815,2817],{"className":49,"code":2816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-12\n12\n",[15,2818,2819,2825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2820,2821,2823],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2822,2568],{"class":827},[56,2824,2770],{"class":80},[56,2826,2827],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,2828,2770],{"class":80},[20,2830,2831,2832,2834,2835,2838],{},"Notice that ",[15,2833,234],{}," is still ",[15,2836,2837],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2840,2841,2842,2849],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[264,2843,2845,2848],{"href":2844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2846,2847],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[42,2851,2853],{"id":2852},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2855,2856],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[47,2858,2860],{"className":49,"code":2859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2861,2862,2878,2893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2863,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874,2876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2865,373],{"class":72},[56,2867,77],{"class":76},[56,2869,2563],{"class":72},[56,2871,77],{"class":76},[56,2873,2568],{"class":827},[56,2875,2291],{"class":80},[56,2877,1635],{"class":76},[56,2879,2880,2882,2884,2886,2888,2891],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,2881,373],{"class":72},[56,2883,77],{"class":76},[56,2885,2563],{"class":72},[56,2887,77],{"class":76},[56,2889,2890],{"class":80},"8",[56,2892,1635],{"class":76},[56,2894,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903,2905,2908],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2896,373],{"class":72},[56,2898,77],{"class":76},[56,2900,2563],{"class":72},[56,2902,77],{"class":76},[56,2904,2568],{"class":827},[56,2906,2907],{"class":80},"4.2",[56,2909,1635],{"class":76},[20,2911,239],{},[47,2913,2915],{"className":49,"code":2914,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2916,2917,2922,2927],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2918,2919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2920,2921],{"class":80},"10\n",[56,2923,2924],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,2925,2926],{"class":80},"8\n",[56,2928,2929],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2930,2931],{"class":80},"4.2\n",[20,2933,2934],{},"What each line does:",[173,2936,2937,2945,2952],{},[176,2938,2939,2942,2943],{},[15,2940,2941],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2944,2291],{},[176,2946,2947,2942,2950],{},[15,2948,2949],{},"abs(8)",[15,2951,2890],{},[176,2953,2954,2942,2957],{},[15,2955,2956],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2958,2907],{},[20,2960,2961,2962,156],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[264,2963,2965],{"href":2964},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[42,2967,2969],{"id":2968},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2971,2972,2974],{},[15,2973,2529],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2976,2977,2978,2980],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2979,152],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2982,986],{},[47,2984,2986],{"className":49,"code":2985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2987,2988,3005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2989,2990,2993,2995,2997,3000,3002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2991,2992],{"class":65},"value ",[56,2994,1217],{"class":827},[56,2996,419],{"class":80},[56,2998,2999],{"class":827}," +",[56,3001,424],{"class":80},[56,3003,3004],{"class":2610},"j\n",[56,3006,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3018],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3008,373],{"class":72},[56,3010,77],{"class":76},[56,3012,2563],{"class":72},[56,3014,77],{"class":76},[56,3016,3017],{"class":95},"value",[56,3019,1635],{"class":76},[20,3021,239],{},[47,3023,3025],{"className":49,"code":3024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n",[15,3026,3027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3028,3029],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3030,3024],{"class":80},[20,3032,3033,3034,2363],{},"Why ",[15,3035,3036],{},"5.0",[173,3038,3039,3044,3049],{},[176,3040,3041,3042],{},"the real part is ",[15,3043,223],{},[176,3045,3046,3047],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3048,1603],{},[176,3050,3051,3052],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3053,3036],{},[20,3055,3056],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[173,3058,3059,3066],{},[176,3060,3061,3063,3064],{},[15,3062,2529],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3065,2738],{},[176,3067,3068],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[42,3070,3072],{"id":3071},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3074,3075,3076,156],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3077,2529],{},[353,3079,3081],{"id":3080},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3083,3084],{},"A very common pattern is:",[47,3086,3088],{"className":49,"code":3087,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3089,3090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3091,3092,3094,3096,3099,3101,3104],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3093,2563],{"class":72},[56,3095,77],{"class":76},[56,3097,3098],{"class":95},"a ",[56,3100,2568],{"class":827},[56,3102,3103],{"class":95}," b",[56,3105,99],{"class":76},[20,3107,986],{},[47,3109,3111],{"className":49,"code":3110,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3112,3113,3121,3131,3135,3154],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3114,3115,3117,3119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3116,3098],{"class":65},[56,3118,1217],{"class":827},[56,3120,1195],{"class":80},[56,3122,3123,3126,3128],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3124,3125],{"class":65},"b ",[56,3127,1217],{"class":827},[56,3129,3130],{"class":80}," 10\n",[56,3132,3133],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3134,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,3136,3137,3140,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,3138,3139],{"class":65},"distance ",[56,3141,1217],{"class":827},[56,3143,2780],{"class":72},[56,3145,77],{"class":76},[56,3147,3098],{"class":95},[56,3149,2568],{"class":827},[56,3151,3103],{"class":95},[56,3153,99],{"class":76},[56,3155,3156,3158,3160,3163],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,3157,373],{"class":72},[56,3159,77],{"class":76},[56,3161,3162],{"class":95},"distance",[56,3164,99],{"class":76},[20,3166,239],{},[47,3168,3169],{"className":49,"code":2625,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,3170,3171],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3172,3173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3174,2625],{"class":80},[20,3176,3177],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[353,3179,3181],{"id":3180},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[47,3183,3185],{"className":49,"code":3184,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3186,3187,3199],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3188,3189,3192,3194,3196],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3190,3191],{"class":65},"temperature_change ",[56,3193,1217],{"class":827},[56,3195,828],{"class":827},[56,3197,3198],{"class":80},"6\n",[56,3200,3201,3203,3205,3207,3209,3212],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3202,373],{"class":72},[56,3204,77],{"class":76},[56,3206,2563],{"class":72},[56,3208,77],{"class":76},[56,3210,3211],{"class":95},"temperature_change",[56,3213,1635],{"class":76},[20,3215,239],{},[47,3217,3218],{"className":49,"code":3198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,3219,3220],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3221,3222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3223,3198],{"class":80},[20,3225,3226],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[353,3228,3230],{"id":3229},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3232,3233,3234,2849],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3235,2529],{},[47,3237,3239],{"className":49,"code":3238,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3240,3241,3253,3269,3273],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3242,3243,3246,3248,3250],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3244,3245],{"class":65},"balance_change ",[56,3247,1217],{"class":827},[56,3249,828],{"class":827},[56,3251,3252],{"class":80},"25\n",[56,3254,3255,3258,3260,3262,3264,3267],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3256,3257],{"class":65},"safe_value ",[56,3259,1217],{"class":827},[56,3261,2780],{"class":72},[56,3263,77],{"class":76},[56,3265,3266],{"class":95},"balance_change",[56,3268,99],{"class":76},[56,3270,3271],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3272,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,3274,3275,3277,3279,3282],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,3276,373],{"class":72},[56,3278,77],{"class":76},[56,3280,3281],{"class":95},"safe_value",[56,3283,99],{"class":76},[20,3285,239],{},[47,3287,3288],{"className":49,"code":3252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,3289,3290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3291,3292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3293,3252],{"class":80},[353,3295,3297],{"id":3296},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[47,3299,3301],{"className":49,"code":3300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3302,3303,3313,3323,3327,3347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3304,3305,3308,3310],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3306,3307],{"class":65},"guess ",[56,3309,1217],{"class":827},[56,3311,3312],{"class":80}," 42\n",[56,3314,3315,3318,3320],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3316,3317],{"class":65},"target ",[56,3319,1217],{"class":827},[56,3321,3322],{"class":80}," 50\n",[56,3324,3325],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3326,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,3328,3329,3332,3334,3336,3338,3340,3342,3345],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,3330,3331],{"class":65},"difference ",[56,3333,1217],{"class":827},[56,3335,2780],{"class":72},[56,3337,77],{"class":76},[56,3339,3307],{"class":95},[56,3341,2568],{"class":827},[56,3343,3344],{"class":95}," target",[56,3346,99],{"class":76},[56,3348,3349,3351,3353,3356],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,3350,373],{"class":72},[56,3352,77],{"class":76},[56,3354,3355],{"class":95},"difference",[56,3357,99],{"class":76},[20,3359,239],{},[47,3361,3362],{"className":49,"code":2926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,3363,3364],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3365,3366],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3367,2926],{"class":80},[20,3369,3370],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[42,3372,3374],{"id":3373},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[353,3376,3378],{"id":3377},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3380,924],{},[47,3382,3384],{"className":49,"code":3383,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3385,3386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3387,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398,3400,3402],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3389,373],{"class":72},[56,3391,77],{"class":76},[56,3393,2563],{"class":72},[56,3395,77],{"class":76},[56,3397,1017],{"class":1016},[56,3399,81],{"class":1020},[56,3401,1017],{"class":1016},[56,3403,1635],{"class":76},[20,3405,3406,3409,3410,3412],{},[15,3407,3408],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3411,2529],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3414,3415,3416,3422,3423,1045],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[264,3417,3419],{"href":3418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3420,3421],{},"int()"," or ",[264,3424,3426],{"href":3425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3427,3428],{},"float()",[47,3430,3432],{"className":49,"code":3431,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3433,3434,3456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3435,3436,3438,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450,3452,3454],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3437,373],{"class":72},[56,3439,77],{"class":76},[56,3441,2563],{"class":72},[56,3443,77],{"class":76},[56,3445,2734],{"class":378},[56,3447,77],{"class":76},[56,3449,1017],{"class":1016},[56,3451,81],{"class":1020},[56,3453,1017],{"class":1016},[56,3455,390],{"class":76},[56,3457,3458,3460,3462,3464,3466,3468,3470,3472,3475,3477],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3459,373],{"class":72},[56,3461,77],{"class":76},[56,3463,2563],{"class":72},[56,3465,77],{"class":76},[56,3467,2738],{"class":378},[56,3469,77],{"class":76},[56,3471,1017],{"class":1016},[56,3473,3474],{"class":1020},"-3.2",[56,3476,1017],{"class":1016},[56,3478,390],{"class":76},[20,3480,239],{},[47,3482,3484],{"className":49,"code":3483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3485,3486,3491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3487,3488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3489,3490],{"class":80},"5\n",[56,3492,3493],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3494,3495],{"class":80},"3.2\n",[20,3497,3498,3499,3501,3502,156],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3500,1871],{}," always returns a string. See ",[264,3503,3505],{"href":3504},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[353,3507,3509],{"id":3508},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3511,3512],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[47,3514,3516],{"className":49,"code":3515,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3517,3518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3519,3520,3522,3524,3526,3529,3531,3533,3535,3537,3539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3521,373],{"class":72},[56,3523,77],{"class":76},[56,3525,2563],{"class":72},[56,3527,3528],{"class":76},"([",[56,3530,529],{"class":80},[56,3532,306],{"class":76},[56,3534,414],{"class":80},[56,3536,306],{"class":76},[56,3538,419],{"class":80},[56,3540,3541],{"class":76},"]))\n",[20,3543,3544,3545,3548],{},"This raises a ",[15,3546,3547],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[353,3550,3552],{"id":3551},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3554,3555,3557],{},[15,3556,2529],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[47,3559,3561],{"className":49,"code":3560,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3562,3563,3575,3585,3589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3564,3565,3568,3570,3572],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3566,3567],{"class":65},"x ",[56,3569,1217],{"class":827},[56,3571,828],{"class":827},[56,3573,3574],{"class":80},"9\n",[56,3576,3577,3579,3581,3583],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3578,2563],{"class":72},[56,3580,77],{"class":76},[56,3582,2719],{"class":95},[56,3584,99],{"class":76},[56,3586,3587],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3588,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,3590,3591,3593,3595,3597],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,3592,373],{"class":72},[56,3594,77],{"class":76},[56,3596,2719],{"class":95},[56,3598,99],{"class":76},[20,3600,239],{},[47,3602,3604],{"className":49,"code":3603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-9\n",[15,3605,3606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3607,3608,3610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3609,2568],{"class":827},[56,3611,3574],{"class":80},[20,3613,3614],{},"If you want to store the result:",[47,3616,3618],{"className":49,"code":3617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3619,3620,3630,3644,3648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3621,3622,3624,3626,3628],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3623,3567],{"class":65},[56,3625,1217],{"class":827},[56,3627,828],{"class":827},[56,3629,3574],{"class":80},[56,3631,3632,3634,3636,3638,3640,3642],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3633,3567],{"class":65},[56,3635,1217],{"class":827},[56,3637,2780],{"class":72},[56,3639,77],{"class":76},[56,3641,2719],{"class":95},[56,3643,99],{"class":76},[56,3645,3646],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3647,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,3649,3650,3652,3654,3656],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,3651,373],{"class":72},[56,3653,77],{"class":76},[56,3655,2719],{"class":95},[56,3657,99],{"class":76},[20,3659,239],{},[47,3661,3662],{"className":49,"code":3574,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,3663,3664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3665,3666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3667,3574],{"class":80},[353,3669,3671],{"id":3670},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3673,3674,3676],{},[15,3675,2529],{}," does not round numbers.",[47,3678,3680],{"className":49,"code":3679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3681,3682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3683,3684,3686,3688,3690,3692,3694,3697],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3685,373],{"class":72},[56,3687,77],{"class":76},[56,3689,2563],{"class":72},[56,3691,77],{"class":76},[56,3693,2568],{"class":827},[56,3695,3696],{"class":80},"4.7",[56,3698,1635],{"class":76},[20,3700,239],{},[47,3702,3704],{"className":49,"code":3703,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4.7\n",[15,3705,3706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3707,3708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3709,3703],{"class":80},[20,3711,3712,3713,3715,3716,3718],{},"If you expected ",[15,3714,81],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3717,2529],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[42,3720,3722],{"id":3721},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3724,3725,3727],{},[15,3726,2529],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[173,3729,3730,3737,3744],{},[176,3731,3732,3734,3735],{},[15,3733,2734],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3736,2734],{},[176,3738,3739,3741,3742],{},[15,3740,2738],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3743,2738],{},[176,3745,3746,3741,3748],{},[15,3747,2742],{},[15,3749,2738],{},[20,3751,986],{},[47,3753,3755],{"className":49,"code":3754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3756,3757,3777,3798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3758,3759,3761,3763,3765,3767,3769,3771,3773,3775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3760,373],{"class":72},[56,3762,77],{"class":76},[56,3764,2312],{"class":378},[56,3766,77],{"class":76},[56,3768,2563],{"class":72},[56,3770,77],{"class":76},[56,3772,2568],{"class":827},[56,3774,81],{"class":80},[56,3776,390],{"class":76},[56,3778,3779,3781,3783,3785,3787,3789,3791,3793,3796],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3780,373],{"class":72},[56,3782,77],{"class":76},[56,3784,2312],{"class":378},[56,3786,77],{"class":76},[56,3788,2563],{"class":72},[56,3790,77],{"class":76},[56,3792,2568],{"class":827},[56,3794,3795],{"class":80},"3.2",[56,3797,390],{"class":76},[56,3799,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3801,373],{"class":72},[56,3803,77],{"class":76},[56,3805,2312],{"class":378},[56,3807,77],{"class":76},[56,3809,2563],{"class":72},[56,3811,77],{"class":76},[56,3813,223],{"class":80},[56,3815,2999],{"class":827},[56,3817,424],{"class":80},[56,3819,2611],{"class":2610},[56,3821,390],{"class":76},[20,3823,239],{},[47,3825,3827],{"className":49,"code":3826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3828,3829,3848,3862],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3830,3831,3834,3837,3840,3842,3845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3832,3833],{"class":827},"\u003C",[56,3835,3836],{"class":2610},"class",[56,3838,3839],{"class":1016}," '",[56,3841,2734],{"class":1020},[56,3843,3844],{"class":1016},"'",[56,3846,3847],{"class":827},">\n",[56,3849,3850,3852,3854,3856,3858,3860],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3851,3833],{"class":827},[56,3853,3836],{"class":2610},[56,3855,3839],{"class":1016},[56,3857,2738],{"class":1020},[56,3859,3844],{"class":1016},[56,3861,3847],{"class":827},[56,3863,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3865,3833],{"class":827},[56,3867,3836],{"class":2610},[56,3869,3839],{"class":1016},[56,3871,2738],{"class":1020},[56,3873,3844],{"class":1016},[56,3875,3847],{"class":827},[20,3877,3878],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3880,3881],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3883,3884],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[47,3886,3888],{"className":49,"code":3887,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3889,3890,3904,3914,3928,3932,3946],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3891,3892,3894,3896,3898,3901],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3893,2992],{"class":65},[56,3895,1217],{"class":827},[56,3897,1231],{"class":1016},[56,3899,3900],{"class":1020},"-5",[56,3902,3903],{"class":1016},"\"\n",[56,3905,3906,3908,3910,3912],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3907,373],{"class":72},[56,3909,77],{"class":76},[56,3911,3017],{"class":95},[56,3913,99],{"class":76},[56,3915,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3917,373],{"class":72},[56,3919,77],{"class":76},[56,3921,2312],{"class":378},[56,3923,77],{"class":76},[56,3925,3017],{"class":95},[56,3927,1635],{"class":76},[56,3929,3930],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,3931,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,3933,3934,3937,3939,3941,3944],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,3935,3936],{"class":65},"user_input ",[56,3938,1217],{"class":827},[56,3940,1231],{"class":1016},[56,3942,3943],{"class":1020},"-3.7",[56,3945,3903],{"class":1016},[56,3947,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956,3958,3960,3963],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,3949,373],{"class":72},[56,3951,77],{"class":76},[56,3953,2563],{"class":72},[56,3955,77],{"class":76},[56,3957,2738],{"class":378},[56,3959,77],{"class":76},[56,3961,3962],{"class":95},"user_input",[56,3964,390],{"class":76},[20,3966,239],{},[47,3968,3970],{"className":49,"code":3969,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3971,3972,3978,3993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3973,3974,3976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3975,2568],{"class":827},[56,3977,3490],{"class":80},[56,3979,3980,3982,3984,3986,3989,3991],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,3981,3833],{"class":827},[56,3983,3836],{"class":2610},[56,3985,3839],{"class":1016},[56,3987,3988],{"class":1020},"str",[56,3990,3844],{"class":1016},[56,3992,3847],{"class":827},[56,3994,3995],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3996,3997],{"class":80},"3.7\n",[42,3999,2343],{"id":2342},[353,4001,4003],{"id":4002},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4005,4006],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[353,4008,4010],{"id":4009},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4012,4013],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[353,4015,4017],{"id":4016},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4019,4020],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[353,4022,4024],{"id":4023},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4026,4027,2410,4029,3422,4031,4033,4034,156],{},[15,4028,1871],{},[15,4030,3421],{},[15,4032,3428],{}," before using ",[15,4035,2529],{},[353,4037,4039],{"id":4038},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4041,4042],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[42,4044,2417],{"id":2416},[173,4046,4047,4053,4059,4065,4070],{},[176,4048,4049],{},[264,4050,4051,2430],{"href":3418},[15,4052,3421],{},[176,4054,4055],{},[264,4056,4057,2430],{"href":3425},[15,4058,3428],{},[176,4060,4061],{},[264,4062,4063,2430],{"href":2844},[15,4064,2847],{},[176,4066,4067],{},[264,4068,4069],{"href":3504},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[176,4071,4072],{},[264,4073,2965],{"href":2964},[2451,4075,4076],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":4078},[4079,4080,4081,4082,4083,4084,4090,4096,4097,4104],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":2644,"depth":87,"text":2645},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":2852,"depth":87,"text":2853},{"id":2968,"depth":87,"text":2969},{"id":3071,"depth":87,"text":3072,"children":4085},[4086,4087,4088,4089],{"id":3080,"depth":102,"text":3081},{"id":3180,"depth":102,"text":3181},{"id":3229,"depth":102,"text":3230},{"id":3296,"depth":102,"text":3297},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":4091},[4092,4093,4094,4095],{"id":3377,"depth":102,"text":3378},{"id":3508,"depth":102,"text":3509},{"id":3551,"depth":102,"text":3552},{"id":3670,"depth":102,"text":3671},{"id":3721,"depth":87,"text":3722},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":4098},[4099,4100,4101,4102,4103],{"id":4002,"depth":102,"text":4003},{"id":4009,"depth":102,"text":4010},{"id":4016,"depth":102,"text":4017},{"id":4023,"depth":102,"text":4024},{"id":4038,"depth":102,"text":4039},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2518,"description":4105},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4112,"title":4113,"body":4114,"description":5810,"extension":2509,"meta":5811,"navigation":105,"path":5812,"seo":5813,"stem":5814,"__hash__":5815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4115,"toc":5774},[4116,4122,4128,4131,4148,4152,4206,4216,4221,4225,4244,4247,4264,4267,4271,4279,4296,4299,4339,4342,4349,4355,4429,4431,4462,4468,4472,4476,4515,4517,4526,4533,4537,4576,4578,4587,4597,4601,4657,4659,4667,4670,4673,4720,4722,4730,4736,4743,4748,4751,4754,4821,4823,4831,4834,4901,4903,4911,4925,4928,4940,4944,4950,4953,4955,4971,4973,4981,4984,4987,4990,5007,5010,5013,5043,5045,5058,5060,5064,5067,5082,5087,5090,5117,5123,5126,5165,5172,5178,5186,5189,5241,5247,5311,5316,5325,5328,5346,5352,5355,5497,5503,5508,5511,5522,5525,5581,5583,5591,5594,5653,5655,5663,5666,5677,5679,5686,5695,5703,5706,5712,5715,5724,5737,5739,5771],[10,4117,13,4119,18],{"id":4118},"python-all-function-explained",[15,4120,4121],{},"all()",[20,4123,4124,4125,4127],{},"Python’s ",[15,4126,4121],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4129,4130],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[173,4132,4133,4136,4139],{},[176,4134,4135],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[176,4137,4138],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[176,4140,4141,2942,4144,4147],{},[15,4142,4143],{},"all([])",[15,4145,4146],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[42,4149,4151],{"id":4150},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[47,4153,4155],{"className":49,"code":4154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4156,4157,4177,4192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4158,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173,4175],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4160,1594],{"class":65},[56,4162,1217],{"class":827},[56,4164,1220],{"class":76},[56,4166,529],{"class":80},[56,4168,306],{"class":76},[56,4170,414],{"class":80},[56,4172,306],{"class":76},[56,4174,419],{"class":80},[56,4176,427],{"class":76},[56,4178,4179,4181,4183,4186,4188,4190],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4180,2775],{"class":65},[56,4182,1217],{"class":827},[56,4184,4185],{"class":72}," all",[56,4187,77],{"class":76},[56,4189,1618],{"class":95},[56,4191,99],{"class":76},[56,4193,4194,4196,4198,4200,4203],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,4195,373],{"class":72},[56,4197,77],{"class":76},[56,4199,2809],{"class":95},[56,4201,4202],{"class":76},")",[56,4204,4205],{"class":112},"  # True\n",[20,4207,4208,2942,4210,4212,4213,156],{},[15,4209,4121],{},[15,4211,4146],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4214,4215],{},"False",[42,4217,160,4219,163],{"id":4218},"what-all-does",[15,4220,4121],{},[20,4222,4223,1045],{},[15,4224,4121],{},[173,4226,4227,4230,4236,4241],{},[176,4228,4229],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[176,4231,4232,4233,4235],{},"returns ",[15,4234,4146],{}," if all items are truthy",[176,4237,4232,4238,4240],{},[15,4239,4215],{}," if any item is falsy",[176,4242,4243],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4245,4246],{},"Basic syntax:",[47,4248,4250],{"className":49,"code":4249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4251,4252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4253,4254,4257,4259,4262],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4255,4256],{"class":72},"all",[56,4258,77],{"class":76},[56,4260,4261],{"class":95},"iterable",[56,4263,99],{"class":76},[20,4265,4266],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[42,4268,4270],{"id":4269},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4272,4273,4274,3422,4276,4278],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4275,4146],{},[15,4277,4215],{}," in conditions.",[173,4280,4281,4289],{},[176,4282,4283,4286,4287],{},[37,4284,4285],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4288,4146],{},[176,4290,4291,4286,4294],{},[37,4292,4293],{},"Falsy",[15,4295,4215],{},[20,4297,4298],{},"Common falsy values include:",[173,4300,4301,4305,4310,4315,4320,4324,4329,4334],{},[176,4302,4303],{},[15,4304,152],{},[176,4306,4307],{},[15,4308,4309],{},"0.0",[176,4311,4312],{},[15,4313,4314],{},"''",[176,4316,4317],{},[15,4318,4319],{},"None",[176,4321,4322],{},[15,4323,4215],{},[176,4325,4326],{},[15,4327,4328],{},"[]",[176,4330,4331],{},[15,4332,4333],{},"{}",[176,4335,4336],{},[15,4337,4338],{},"set()",[20,4340,4341],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4343,4344,4345,156],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[264,4346,4348],{"href":4347},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4350,4351,4352,1045],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4353,4354],{},"bool()",[47,4356,4358],{"className":49,"code":4357,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4359,4360,4397,4401],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4361,4362,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377,4380,4382,4384,4387,4389,4391,4395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4363,4364],{"class":65},"values ",[56,4366,1217],{"class":827},[56,4368,1220],{"class":76},[56,4370,529],{"class":80},[56,4372,306],{"class":76},[56,4374,822],{"class":80},[56,4376,306],{"class":76},[56,4378,4379],{"class":1016}," ''",[56,4381,306],{"class":76},[56,4383,3839],{"class":1016},[56,4385,4386],{"class":1020},"hello",[56,4388,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4390,306],{"class":76},[56,4392,4394],{"class":4393},"s39Yj"," None",[56,4396,427],{"class":76},[56,4398,4399],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4400,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,4402,4403,4405,4407,4410,4412,4414,4416,4419,4422,4424,4427],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,4404,373],{"class":72},[56,4406,3528],{"class":76},[56,4408,4409],{"class":378},"bool",[56,4411,77],{"class":76},[56,4413,2719],{"class":95},[56,4415,4202],{"class":76},[56,4417,4418],{"class":62}," for",[56,4420,4421],{"class":95}," x ",[56,4423,69],{"class":62},[56,4425,4426],{"class":95}," values",[56,4428,1294],{"class":76},[20,4430,239],{},[47,4432,4434],{"className":49,"code":4433,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4435,4436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4437,4438,4440,4442,4444,4447,4449,4451,4453,4456,4458,4460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4439,402],{"class":76},[56,4441,4146],{"class":4393},[56,4443,306],{"class":76},[56,4445,4446],{"class":4393}," False",[56,4448,306],{"class":76},[56,4450,4446],{"class":4393},[56,4452,306],{"class":76},[56,4454,4455],{"class":4393}," True",[56,4457,306],{"class":76},[56,4459,4446],{"class":4393},[56,4461,427],{"class":76},[20,4463,4464,4465,4467],{},"This matters because ",[15,4466,4121],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[42,4469,4471],{"id":4470},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[353,4473,4475],{"id":4474},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[47,4477,4479],{"className":49,"code":4478,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4480,4481,4501],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4482,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4484,1594],{"class":65},[56,4486,1217],{"class":827},[56,4488,1220],{"class":76},[56,4490,529],{"class":80},[56,4492,306],{"class":76},[56,4494,414],{"class":80},[56,4496,306],{"class":76},[56,4498,419],{"class":80},[56,4500,427],{"class":76},[56,4502,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4504,373],{"class":72},[56,4506,77],{"class":76},[56,4508,4256],{"class":72},[56,4510,77],{"class":76},[56,4512,1618],{"class":95},[56,4514,1635],{"class":76},[20,4516,239],{},[47,4518,4520],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n",[15,4521,4522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4523,4524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4525,4519],{"class":4393},[20,4527,4528,4529,2942,4531,156],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4530,4121],{},[15,4532,4146],{},[353,4534,4536],{"id":4535},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[47,4538,4540],{"className":49,"code":4539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4541,4542,4562],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4543,4544,4546,4548,4550,4552,4554,4556,4558,4560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4545,1594],{"class":65},[56,4547,1217],{"class":827},[56,4549,1220],{"class":76},[56,4551,529],{"class":80},[56,4553,306],{"class":76},[56,4555,822],{"class":80},[56,4557,306],{"class":76},[56,4559,419],{"class":80},[56,4561,427],{"class":76},[56,4563,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4565,373],{"class":72},[56,4567,77],{"class":76},[56,4569,4256],{"class":72},[56,4571,77],{"class":76},[56,4573,1618],{"class":95},[56,4575,1635],{"class":76},[20,4577,239],{},[47,4579,4581],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\n",[15,4582,4583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4584,4585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4586,4580],{"class":4393},[20,4588,4589,4590,4592,4593,2942,4595,156],{},"The value ",[15,4591,152],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4594,4121],{},[15,4596,4215],{},[353,4598,4600],{"id":4599},"example-strings","Example: strings",[47,4602,4604],{"className":49,"code":4603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4605,4606,4642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4607,4608,4611,4613,4615,4617,4620,4622,4624,4626,4629,4631,4633,4635,4638,4640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4609,4610],{"class":65},"words ",[56,4612,1217],{"class":827},[56,4614,1220],{"class":76},[56,4616,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4618,4619],{"class":1020},"apple",[56,4621,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4623,306],{"class":76},[56,4625,3839],{"class":1016},[56,4627,4628],{"class":1020},"banana",[56,4630,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4632,306],{"class":76},[56,4634,3839],{"class":1016},[56,4636,4637],{"class":1020},"cherry",[56,4639,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4641,427],{"class":76},[56,4643,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4655],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4645,373],{"class":72},[56,4647,77],{"class":76},[56,4649,4256],{"class":72},[56,4651,77],{"class":76},[56,4653,4654],{"class":95},"words",[56,4656,1635],{"class":76},[20,4658,239],{},[47,4660,4661],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4662,4663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4664,4665],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4666,4519],{"class":4393},[20,4668,4669],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4671,4672],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[47,4674,4676],{"className":49,"code":4675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4677,4678,4706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4679,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4681,4610],{"class":65},[56,4683,1217],{"class":827},[56,4685,1220],{"class":76},[56,4687,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4689,4619],{"class":1020},[56,4691,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4693,306],{"class":76},[56,4695,4379],{"class":1016},[56,4697,306],{"class":76},[56,4699,3839],{"class":1016},[56,4701,4637],{"class":1020},[56,4703,3844],{"class":1016},[56,4705,427],{"class":76},[56,4707,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4709,373],{"class":72},[56,4711,77],{"class":76},[56,4713,4256],{"class":72},[56,4715,77],{"class":76},[56,4717,4654],{"class":95},[56,4719,1635],{"class":76},[20,4721,239],{},[47,4723,4724],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4725,4726],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4727,4728],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4729,4580],{"class":4393},[20,4731,4732,4733,4735],{},"The empty string ",[15,4734,4314],{}," is falsy.",[42,4737,4739,4740,4742],{"id":4738},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4741,4121],{}," works with conditions",[20,4744,4745,4747],{},[15,4746,4121],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4749,4750],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4752,4753],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[47,4755,4757],{"className":49,"code":4756,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4758,4759,4779,4807,4811],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4760,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4775,4777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4762,1594],{"class":65},[56,4764,1217],{"class":827},[56,4766,1220],{"class":76},[56,4768,529],{"class":80},[56,4770,306],{"class":76},[56,4772,414],{"class":80},[56,4774,306],{"class":76},[56,4776,419],{"class":80},[56,4778,427],{"class":76},[56,4780,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4805],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4782,2775],{"class":65},[56,4784,1217],{"class":827},[56,4786,4185],{"class":72},[56,4788,77],{"class":76},[56,4790,3567],{"class":95},[56,4792,4793],{"class":827},">",[56,4795,822],{"class":80},[56,4797,4418],{"class":62},[56,4799,4421],{"class":95},[56,4801,69],{"class":62},[56,4803,4804],{"class":95}," numbers",[56,4806,99],{"class":76},[56,4808,4809],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,4810,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,4812,4813,4815,4817,4819],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,4814,373],{"class":72},[56,4816,77],{"class":76},[56,4818,2809],{"class":95},[56,4820,99],{"class":76},[20,4822,239],{},[47,4824,4825],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4826,4827],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4828,4829],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4830,4519],{"class":4393},[20,4832,4833],{},"Here is one that fails:",[47,4835,4837],{"className":49,"code":4836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4838,4839,4861,4887,4891],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4840,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4842,1594],{"class":65},[56,4844,1217],{"class":827},[56,4846,1220],{"class":76},[56,4848,529],{"class":80},[56,4850,306],{"class":76},[56,4852,828],{"class":827},[56,4854,463],{"class":80},[56,4856,306],{"class":76},[56,4858,419],{"class":80},[56,4860,427],{"class":76},[56,4862,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4883,4885],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,4864,2775],{"class":65},[56,4866,1217],{"class":827},[56,4868,4185],{"class":72},[56,4870,77],{"class":76},[56,4872,3567],{"class":95},[56,4874,4793],{"class":827},[56,4876,822],{"class":80},[56,4878,4418],{"class":62},[56,4880,4421],{"class":95},[56,4882,69],{"class":62},[56,4884,4804],{"class":95},[56,4886,99],{"class":76},[56,4888,4889],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,4890,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,4892,4893,4895,4897,4899],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,4894,373],{"class":72},[56,4896,77],{"class":76},[56,4898,2809],{"class":95},[56,4900,99],{"class":76},[20,4902,239],{},[47,4904,4905],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4906,4907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4908,4909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4910,4580],{"class":4393},[20,4912,4913,4914,4917,4918,4920,4921,2942,4923,156],{},"The expression ",[15,4915,4916],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4919,4146],{},", then ",[15,4922,4121],{},[15,4924,4146],{},[20,4926,4927],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4929,4930,4931,4935,4936,156],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[264,4932,4934],{"href":4933},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[264,4937,4939],{"href":4938},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[42,4941,4943],{"id":4942},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4945,4946,2942,4948,156],{},[15,4947,4143],{},[15,4949,4146],{},[20,4951,4952],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4954,986],{},[47,4956,4958],{"className":49,"code":4957,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4959,4960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4961,4962,4964,4966,4968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4963,373],{"class":72},[56,4965,77],{"class":76},[56,4967,4256],{"class":72},[56,4969,4970],{"class":76},"([]))\n",[20,4972,239],{},[47,4974,4975],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4976,4977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4978,4979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4980,4519],{"class":4393},[20,4982,4983],{},"Why?",[20,4985,4986],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4988,4989],{},"Think of it this way:",[173,4991,4992,4999,5002],{},[176,4993,4994,2942,4996,4998],{},[15,4995,4121],{},[15,4997,4215],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[176,5000,5001],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[176,5003,5004,5005],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5006,4215],{},[20,5008,5009],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5011,5012],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[47,5014,5016],{"className":49,"code":5015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5017,5018,5029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5021,373],{"class":72},[56,5023,77],{"class":76},[56,5025,4256],{"class":72},[56,5027,5028],{"class":76},"(()))\n",[56,5030,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5032,373],{"class":72},[56,5034,77],{"class":76},[56,5036,4256],{"class":72},[56,5038,77],{"class":76},[56,5040,4314],{"class":1016},[56,5042,1635],{"class":76},[20,5044,239],{},[47,5046,5048],{"className":49,"code":5047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5049,5050,5054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5051,5052],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5053,4519],{"class":4393},[56,5055,5056],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5057,4519],{"class":4393},[42,5059,1690],{"id":1689},[353,5061,5063],{"id":5062},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5065,5066],{},"This is wrong:",[47,5068,5070],{"className":49,"code":5069,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5071,5072,5077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5073,5074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5075,5076],{"class":112},"# Wrong\n",[56,5078,5079],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5080,5081],{"class":112},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5083,5084,5086],{},[15,5085,4121],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5088,5089],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[47,5091,5093],{"className":49,"code":5092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5094,5095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5096,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5098,373],{"class":72},[56,5100,77],{"class":76},[56,5102,4256],{"class":72},[56,5104,3528],{"class":76},[56,5106,529],{"class":80},[56,5108,306],{"class":76},[56,5110,414],{"class":80},[56,5112,306],{"class":76},[56,5114,419],{"class":80},[56,5116,3541],{"class":76},[353,5118,1796,5120,5122],{"id":5119},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[15,5121,4121],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5124,5125],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[47,5127,5129],{"className":49,"code":5128,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5130,5131,5151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5132,5133,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145,5147,5149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5134,1594],{"class":65},[56,5136,1217],{"class":827},[56,5138,1220],{"class":76},[56,5140,81],{"class":80},[56,5142,306],{"class":76},[56,5144,496],{"class":80},[56,5146,306],{"class":76},[56,5148,496],{"class":80},[56,5150,427],{"class":76},[56,5152,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5154,373],{"class":72},[56,5156,77],{"class":76},[56,5158,4256],{"class":72},[56,5160,77],{"class":76},[56,5162,1618],{"class":95},[56,5164,1635],{"class":76},[20,5166,5167,5168,5171],{},"This does ",[37,5169,5170],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5173,5174,5175,5177],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5176,81],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[47,5179,5180],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,5181,5182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5183,5184],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5185,4519],{"class":4393},[20,5187,5188],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[47,5190,5192],{"className":49,"code":5191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5193,5194,5214],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5195,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5197,1594],{"class":65},[56,5199,1217],{"class":827},[56,5201,1220],{"class":76},[56,5203,81],{"class":80},[56,5205,306],{"class":76},[56,5207,496],{"class":80},[56,5209,306],{"class":76},[56,5211,496],{"class":80},[56,5213,427],{"class":76},[56,5215,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5229,5231,5233,5235,5237,5239],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5217,373],{"class":72},[56,5219,77],{"class":76},[56,5221,4256],{"class":72},[56,5223,77],{"class":76},[56,5225,3567],{"class":95},[56,5227,5228],{"class":827},"==",[56,5230,496],{"class":80},[56,5232,4418],{"class":62},[56,5234,4421],{"class":95},[56,5236,69],{"class":62},[56,5238,4804],{"class":95},[56,5240,1635],{"class":76},[353,5242,2103,5244,5246],{"id":5243},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,5245,152],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[47,5248,5250],{"className":49,"code":5249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5251,5252,5278],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5253,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5255,373],{"class":72},[56,5257,77],{"class":76},[56,5259,4256],{"class":72},[56,5261,3528],{"class":76},[56,5263,529],{"class":80},[56,5265,306],{"class":76},[56,5267,414],{"class":80},[56,5269,306],{"class":76},[56,5271,822],{"class":80},[56,5273,5274],{"class":76},"]))",[56,5276,5277],{"class":112},"       # False\n",[56,5279,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288,5290,5292,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5281,373],{"class":72},[56,5283,77],{"class":76},[56,5285,4256],{"class":72},[56,5287,3528],{"class":76},[56,5289,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5291,264],{"class":1020},[56,5293,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5295,306],{"class":76},[56,5297,3839],{"class":1016},[56,5299,1234],{"class":1020},[56,5301,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5303,306],{"class":76},[56,5305,4379],{"class":1016},[56,5307,5274],{"class":76},[56,5309,5310],{"class":112},"  # False\n",[20,5312,5313,5314,156],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5315,4215],{},[353,5317,5319,5320,5322,5323],{"id":5318},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5321,4143],{}," is ",[15,5324,4146],{},[20,5326,5327],{},"This is expected behavior:",[47,5329,5331],{"className":49,"code":5330,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5332,5333],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5334,5335,5337,5339,5341,5344],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5336,373],{"class":72},[56,5338,77],{"class":76},[56,5340,4256],{"class":72},[56,5342,5343],{"class":76},"([]))",[56,5345,4205],{"class":112},[20,5347,5348,5349,5351],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5350,4146],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5353,5354],{},"Useful quick tests:",[47,5356,5358],{"className":49,"code":5357,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5359,5360,5382,5404,5451,5487],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5361,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5363,373],{"class":72},[56,5365,77],{"class":76},[56,5367,4256],{"class":72},[56,5369,3528],{"class":76},[56,5371,529],{"class":80},[56,5373,306],{"class":76},[56,5375,414],{"class":80},[56,5377,306],{"class":76},[56,5379,419],{"class":80},[56,5381,3541],{"class":76},[56,5383,5384,5386,5388,5390,5392,5394,5396,5398,5400,5402],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5385,373],{"class":72},[56,5387,77],{"class":76},[56,5389,4256],{"class":72},[56,5391,3528],{"class":76},[56,5393,529],{"class":80},[56,5395,306],{"class":76},[56,5397,822],{"class":80},[56,5399,306],{"class":76},[56,5401,419],{"class":80},[56,5403,3541],{"class":76},[56,5405,5406,5408,5410,5412,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5407,373],{"class":72},[56,5409,3528],{"class":76},[56,5411,4409],{"class":378},[56,5413,77],{"class":76},[56,5415,2719],{"class":95},[56,5417,4202],{"class":76},[56,5419,4418],{"class":62},[56,5421,4421],{"class":95},[56,5423,69],{"class":62},[56,5425,1220],{"class":76},[56,5427,529],{"class":80},[56,5429,306],{"class":76},[56,5431,822],{"class":80},[56,5433,306],{"class":76},[56,5435,4379],{"class":1016},[56,5437,306],{"class":76},[56,5439,3839],{"class":1016},[56,5441,4386],{"class":1020},[56,5443,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5445,306],{"class":76},[56,5447,4394],{"class":4393},[56,5449,5450],{"class":76},"]])\n",[56,5452,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483,5485],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,5454,373],{"class":72},[56,5456,77],{"class":76},[56,5458,4256],{"class":72},[56,5460,77],{"class":76},[56,5462,3567],{"class":95},[56,5464,4793],{"class":827},[56,5466,822],{"class":80},[56,5468,4418],{"class":62},[56,5470,4421],{"class":95},[56,5472,69],{"class":62},[56,5474,1220],{"class":76},[56,5476,529],{"class":80},[56,5478,306],{"class":76},[56,5480,414],{"class":80},[56,5482,306],{"class":76},[56,5484,419],{"class":80},[56,5486,3541],{"class":76},[56,5488,5489,5491,5493,5495],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,5490,373],{"class":72},[56,5492,77],{"class":76},[56,5494,4256],{"class":72},[56,5496,4970],{"class":76},[42,5498,5500,5501],{"id":5499},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5502,4121],{},[20,5504,5505,5507],{},[15,5506,4121],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5509,5510],{},"Common use cases:",[173,5512,5513,5516,5519],{},[176,5514,5515],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[176,5517,5518],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[176,5520,5521],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5523,5524],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[47,5526,5528],{"className":49,"code":5527,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5529,5530,5566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5531,5532,5535,5537,5539,5541,5544,5546,5548,5550,5553,5555,5557,5559,5562,5564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5533,5534],{"class":65},"names ",[56,5536,1217],{"class":827},[56,5538,1220],{"class":76},[56,5540,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5542,5543],{"class":1020},"Alice",[56,5545,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5547,306],{"class":76},[56,5549,3839],{"class":1016},[56,5551,5552],{"class":1020},"Bob",[56,5554,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5556,306],{"class":76},[56,5558,3839],{"class":1016},[56,5560,5561],{"class":1020},"Charlie",[56,5563,3844],{"class":1016},[56,5565,427],{"class":76},[56,5567,5568,5570,5572,5574,5576,5579],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5569,373],{"class":72},[56,5571,77],{"class":76},[56,5573,4256],{"class":72},[56,5575,77],{"class":76},[56,5577,5578],{"class":95},"names",[56,5580,1635],{"class":76},[20,5582,239],{},[47,5584,5585],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,5586,5587],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5588,5589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5590,4519],{"class":4393},[20,5592,5593],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[47,5595,5597],{"className":49,"code":5596,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5598,5599,5623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5600,5601,5604,5606,5608,5611,5613,5616,5618,5621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5602,5603],{"class":65},"scores ",[56,5605,1217],{"class":827},[56,5607,1220],{"class":76},[56,5609,5610],{"class":80},"75",[56,5612,306],{"class":76},[56,5614,5615],{"class":80}," 80",[56,5617,306],{"class":76},[56,5619,5620],{"class":80}," 50",[56,5622,427],{"class":76},[56,5624,5625,5627,5629,5631,5633,5636,5639,5641,5643,5646,5648,5651],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5626,373],{"class":72},[56,5628,77],{"class":76},[56,5630,4256],{"class":72},[56,5632,77],{"class":76},[56,5634,5635],{"class":95},"score ",[56,5637,5638],{"class":827},">=",[56,5640,5620],{"class":80},[56,5642,4418],{"class":62},[56,5644,5645],{"class":95}," score ",[56,5647,69],{"class":62},[56,5649,5650],{"class":95}," scores",[56,5652,1635],{"class":76},[20,5654,239],{},[47,5656,5657],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,5658,5659],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5660,5661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5662,4519],{"class":4393},[20,5664,5665],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5667,5668,5669,4935,5673,156],{},"For related tasks, see ",[264,5670,5672],{"href":5671},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[264,5674,5676],{"href":5675},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[42,5678,2343],{"id":2342},[353,5680,5682,5683,5685],{"id":5681},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5684,4121],{}," return in Python?",[20,5687,5688,5689,5691,5692,5694],{},"It returns ",[15,5690,4146],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5693,4215],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[353,5696,2357,5698,5700,5701,2363],{"id":5697},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5699,4143],{}," return ",[15,5702,4146],{},[20,5704,5705],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[353,5707,2372,5709,5711],{"id":5708},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5710,4121],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5713,5714],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[353,5716,5718,5719,4935,5721,2363],{"id":5717},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5720,4121],{},[15,5722,5723],{},"any()",[20,5725,5726,5728,5729,5731,5732,156],{},[15,5727,4121],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5730,5723],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[264,5733,13,5735,2430],{"href":5734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5736,5723],{},[42,5738,2417],{"id":2416},[173,5740,5741,5747,5751,5756,5761,5766],{},[176,5742,5743],{},[264,5744,13,5745,2430],{"href":5734},[15,5746,5723],{},[176,5748,5749],{},[264,5750,4348],{"href":4347},[176,5752,5753],{},[264,5754,5755],{"href":5675},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[176,5757,5758],{},[264,5759,5760],{"href":5671},"How to filter a list in Python",[176,5762,5763],{},[264,5764,5765],{"href":4933},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[176,5767,5768],{},[264,5769,5770],{"href":4938},"What is an iterable in Python",[2451,5772,5773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":5775},[5776,5777,5779,5780,5785,5787,5788,5797,5799,5809],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":4218,"depth":87,"text":5778},"What all() does",{"id":4269,"depth":87,"text":4270},{"id":4470,"depth":87,"text":4471,"children":5781},[5782,5783,5784],{"id":4474,"depth":102,"text":4475},{"id":4535,"depth":102,"text":4536},{"id":4599,"depth":102,"text":4600},{"id":4738,"depth":87,"text":5786},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4942,"depth":87,"text":4943},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":5789},[5790,5791,5793,5795],{"id":5062,"depth":102,"text":5063},{"id":5119,"depth":102,"text":5792},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5243,"depth":102,"text":5794},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5318,"depth":102,"text":5796},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5499,"depth":87,"text":5798},"When to use all()",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":5800},[5801,5803,5805,5807],{"id":5681,"depth":102,"text":5802},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5697,"depth":102,"text":5804},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5708,"depth":102,"text":5806},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5717,"depth":102,"text":5808},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4113,"description":5810},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5817,"title":5818,"body":5819,"description":7499,"extension":2509,"meta":7500,"navigation":105,"path":5734,"seo":7501,"stem":7502,"__hash__":7503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5820,"toc":7477},[5821,5824,5832,5835,5852,5860,5904,5913,5917,5922,5925,5942,5945,5956,5968,5972,5975,5990,5995,5998,6010,6012,6096,6099,6120,6126,6128,6136,6150,6152,6186,6188,6191,6252,6254,6271,6274,6301,6303,6311,6323,6327,6330,6369,6371,6379,6381,6397,6405,6408,6451,6453,6461,6466,6470,6478,6481,6505,6508,6511,6583,6585,6593,6600,6624,6635,6638,6717,6719,6727,6734,6738,6743,6758,6760,6768,6771,6777,6780,6826,6828,6845,6849,6854,6865,6868,6977,6980,7039,7045,7047,7052,7056,7058,7077,7083,7086,7105,7109,7118,7145,7147,7155,7163,7167,7173,7196,7198,7206,7213,7217,7220,7271,7274,7325,7328,7330,7334,7341,7345,7352,7356,7364,7368,7371,7393,7395,7445,7447,7474],[10,5822,5818],{"id":5823},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5825,5826,5828,5829,156],{},[15,5827,5723],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[37,5830,5831],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5833,5834],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[173,5836,5837,5840,5843,5846,5849],{},[176,5838,5839],{},"lists",[176,5841,5842],{},"tuples",[176,5844,5845],{},"sets",[176,5847,5848],{},"strings",[176,5850,5851],{},"generator expressions",[20,5853,5854,5855,3422,5857,5859],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5856,4146],{},[15,5858,4215],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[47,5861,5863],{"className":49,"code":5862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5864,5865,5885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5866,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5868,4364],{"class":65},[56,5870,1217],{"class":827},[56,5872,1220],{"class":76},[56,5874,152],{"class":80},[56,5876,306],{"class":76},[56,5878,4379],{"class":1016},[56,5880,306],{"class":76},[56,5882,496],{"class":80},[56,5884,427],{"class":76},[56,5886,5887,5889,5891,5894,5896,5899,5902],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,5888,373],{"class":72},[56,5890,77],{"class":76},[56,5892,5893],{"class":72},"any",[56,5895,77],{"class":76},[56,5897,5898],{"class":95},"values",[56,5900,5901],{"class":76},"))",[56,5903,4205],{"class":112},[20,5905,2638,5906,5909,5910,5912],{},[15,5907,5908],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5911,4146],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[42,5914,5916],{"id":5915},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5918,5919,5921],{},[15,5920,5723],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5923,5924],{},"It returns:",[173,5926,5927,5932,5937],{},[176,5928,5929,5931],{},[15,5930,4146],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[176,5933,5934,5936],{},[15,5935,4215],{}," if all items are falsy",[176,5938,5939,5941],{},[15,5940,4215],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5943,5944],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[173,5946,5947,5950,5953],{},[176,5948,5949],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[176,5951,5952],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[176,5954,5955],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5957,5958,5959,5962,5963,156],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[37,5960,5961],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[264,5964,5966],{"href":5965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5967,4121],{},[42,5969,5971],{"id":5970},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5973,5974],{},"The syntax is simple:",[47,5976,5978],{"className":49,"code":5977,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5979,5980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5981,5982,5984,5986,5988],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5983,5893],{"class":72},[56,5985,77],{"class":76},[56,5987,4261],{"class":95},[56,5989,99],{"class":76},[20,5991,5992,5993,156],{},"The argument must be an ",[37,5994,4261],{},[20,5996,5997],{},"Common inputs include:",[173,5999,6000,6002,6004,6006,6008],{},[176,6001,5839],{},[176,6003,5842],{},[176,6005,5845],{},[176,6007,5848],{},[176,6009,5851],{},[20,6011,1584],{},[47,6013,6015],{"className":49,"code":6014,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6016,6017,6039,6058,6078],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6018,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6020,373],{"class":72},[56,6022,77],{"class":76},[56,6024,5893],{"class":72},[56,6026,3528],{"class":76},[56,6028,152],{"class":80},[56,6030,306],{"class":76},[56,6032,822],{"class":80},[56,6034,306],{"class":76},[56,6036,409],{"class":80},[56,6038,3541],{"class":76},[56,6040,6041,6043,6045,6047,6050,6052,6054,6056],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6042,373],{"class":72},[56,6044,77],{"class":76},[56,6046,5893],{"class":72},[56,6048,6049],{"class":76},"((",[56,6051,4215],{"class":4393},[56,6053,306],{"class":76},[56,6055,4446],{"class":4393},[56,6057,390],{"class":76},[56,6059,6060,6062,6064,6066,6069,6071,6073,6075],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6061,373],{"class":72},[56,6063,77],{"class":76},[56,6065,5893],{"class":72},[56,6067,6068],{"class":76},"({",[56,6070,152],{"class":80},[56,6072,306],{"class":76},[56,6074,414],{"class":80},[56,6076,6077],{"class":76},"}))\n",[56,6079,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,6081,373],{"class":72},[56,6083,77],{"class":76},[56,6085,5893],{"class":72},[56,6087,77],{"class":76},[56,6089,1017],{"class":1016},[56,6091,4386],{"class":1020},[56,6093,1017],{"class":1016},[56,6095,1635],{"class":76},[20,6097,6098],{},"Expected output:",[47,6100,6102],{"className":49,"code":6101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6103,6104,6108,6112,6116],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6105,6106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6107,4519],{"class":4393},[56,6109,6110],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6111,4580],{"class":4393},[56,6113,6114],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6115,4519],{"class":4393},[56,6117,6118],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,6119,4519],{"class":4393},[20,6121,6122,6123,156],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[264,6124,5676],{"href":6125},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[42,6127,4270],{"id":4269},[20,6129,4273,6130,3422,6133,4278],{},[37,6131,6132],{},"truthy",[37,6134,6135],{},"falsy",[173,6137,6138,6144],{},[176,6139,6140,4286,6142],{},[37,6141,4285],{},[15,6143,4146],{},[176,6145,6146,4286,6148],{},[37,6147,4293],{},[15,6149,4215],{},[20,6151,4298],{},[173,6153,6154,6158,6162,6166,6170,6174,6178,6182],{},[176,6155,6156],{},[15,6157,4215],{},[176,6159,6160],{},[15,6161,152],{},[176,6163,6164],{},[15,6165,4309],{},[176,6167,6168],{},[15,6169,4314],{},[176,6171,6172],{},[15,6173,4328],{},[176,6175,6176],{},[15,6177,4333],{},[176,6179,6180],{},[15,6181,4338],{},[176,6183,6184],{},[15,6185,4319],{},[20,6187,4341],{},[20,6189,6190],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[47,6192,6194],{"className":49,"code":6193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6195,6196,6210,6228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6197,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6199,373],{"class":72},[56,6201,77],{"class":76},[56,6203,5893],{"class":72},[56,6205,3528],{"class":76},[56,6207,529],{"class":80},[56,6209,3541],{"class":76},[56,6211,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6213,373],{"class":72},[56,6215,77],{"class":76},[56,6217,5893],{"class":72},[56,6219,3528],{"class":76},[56,6221,3844],{"class":1016},[56,6223,4386],{"class":1020},[56,6225,3844],{"class":1016},[56,6227,3541],{"class":76},[56,6229,6230,6232,6234,6236,6239,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6231,373],{"class":72},[56,6233,77],{"class":76},[56,6235,5893],{"class":72},[56,6237,6238],{"class":76},"([[",[56,6240,529],{"class":80},[56,6242,306],{"class":76},[56,6244,414],{"class":80},[56,6246,306],{"class":76},[56,6248,419],{"class":80},[56,6250,6251],{"class":76},"]]))\n",[20,6253,6098],{},[47,6255,6257],{"className":49,"code":6256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6258,6259,6263,6267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6260,6261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6262,4519],{"class":4393},[56,6264,6265],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6266,4519],{"class":4393},[56,6268,6269],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6270,4519],{"class":4393},[20,6272,6273],{},"And these are all falsy:",[47,6275,6277],{"className":49,"code":6276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6278,6279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6280,6281,6283,6285,6287,6289,6291,6293,6295,6297,6299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6282,373],{"class":72},[56,6284,77],{"class":76},[56,6286,5893],{"class":72},[56,6288,3528],{"class":76},[56,6290,152],{"class":80},[56,6292,306],{"class":76},[56,6294,4379],{"class":1016},[56,6296,306],{"class":76},[56,6298,4394],{"class":4393},[56,6300,3541],{"class":76},[20,6302,6098],{},[47,6304,6305],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6306,6307],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6308,6309],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6310,4580],{"class":4393},[20,6312,6313,6314,4935,6317,156],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[264,6315,4348],{"href":6316},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[264,6318,6320,6322],{"href":6319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6321,4354],{}," explained",[42,6324,6326],{"id":6325},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6328,6329],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[47,6331,6333],{"className":49,"code":6332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6334,6335,6355],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6336,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345,6347,6349,6351,6353],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6338,4364],{"class":65},[56,6340,1217],{"class":827},[56,6342,1220],{"class":76},[56,6344,152],{"class":80},[56,6346,306],{"class":76},[56,6348,4379],{"class":1016},[56,6350,306],{"class":76},[56,6352,496],{"class":80},[56,6354,427],{"class":76},[56,6356,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365,6367],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6358,373],{"class":72},[56,6360,77],{"class":76},[56,6362,5893],{"class":72},[56,6364,77],{"class":76},[56,6366,5898],{"class":95},[56,6368,1635],{"class":76},[20,6370,239],{},[47,6372,6373],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6374,6375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6376,6377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6378,4519],{"class":4393},[20,6380,4983],{},[173,6382,6383,6388,6392],{},[176,6384,6385,6387],{},[15,6386,152],{}," is falsy",[176,6389,6390,6387],{},[15,6391,4314],{},[176,6393,6394,6396],{},[15,6395,81],{}," is truthy",[20,6398,6399,6400,2942,6403,156],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6401,6402],{},"any(values)",[15,6404,4146],{},[20,6406,6407],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[47,6409,6411],{"className":49,"code":6410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6412,6413,6437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6414,6415,6417,6419,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6416,4364],{"class":65},[56,6418,1217],{"class":827},[56,6420,1220],{"class":76},[56,6422,152],{"class":80},[56,6424,306],{"class":76},[56,6426,4379],{"class":1016},[56,6428,306],{"class":76},[56,6430,4394],{"class":4393},[56,6432,306],{"class":76},[56,6434,4446],{"class":4393},[56,6436,427],{"class":76},[56,6438,6439,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6440,373],{"class":72},[56,6442,77],{"class":76},[56,6444,5893],{"class":72},[56,6446,77],{"class":76},[56,6448,5898],{"class":95},[56,6450,1635],{"class":76},[20,6452,239],{},[47,6454,6455],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6456,6457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6458,6459],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6460,4580],{"class":4393},[20,6462,6463,6464,156],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6465,4215],{},[42,6467,6469],{"id":6468},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6471,6472,6474,6475,156],{},[15,6473,5723],{}," is often used with a ",[37,6476,6477],{},"generator expression",[20,6479,6480],{},"This is a common pattern:",[47,6482,6484],{"className":49,"code":6483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6485,6486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6487,6488,6490,6492,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6489,5893],{"class":72},[56,6491,77],{"class":76},[56,6493,6494],{"class":95},"condition ",[56,6496,31],{"class":62},[56,6498,1383],{"class":95},[56,6500,69],{"class":62},[56,6502,1287],{"class":95},[56,6504,99],{"class":76},[20,6506,6507],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6509,6510],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[47,6512,6514],{"className":49,"code":6513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6515,6516,6542,6546,6573],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6517,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6519,1594],{"class":65},[56,6521,1217],{"class":827},[56,6523,1220],{"class":76},[56,6525,1603],{"class":80},[56,6527,306],{"class":76},[56,6529,566],{"class":80},[56,6531,306],{"class":76},[56,6533,828],{"class":827},[56,6535,463],{"class":80},[56,6537,306],{"class":76},[56,6539,534],{"class":80},[56,6541,427],{"class":76},[56,6543,6544],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6545,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,6547,6548,6550,6552,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567,6569,6571],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6549,2775],{"class":65},[56,6551,1217],{"class":827},[56,6553,6554],{"class":72}," any",[56,6556,77],{"class":76},[56,6558,3567],{"class":95},[56,6560,3833],{"class":827},[56,6562,822],{"class":80},[56,6564,4418],{"class":62},[56,6566,4421],{"class":95},[56,6568,69],{"class":62},[56,6570,4804],{"class":95},[56,6572,99],{"class":76},[56,6574,6575,6577,6579,6581],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,6576,373],{"class":72},[56,6578,77],{"class":76},[56,6580,2809],{"class":95},[56,6582,99],{"class":76},[20,6584,239],{},[47,6586,6587],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6588,6589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6590,6591],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6592,4519],{"class":4393},[20,6594,6595,6596,6599],{},"This works because ",[15,6597,6598],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[173,6601,6602,6610,6617],{},[176,6603,6604,6607,6608],{},[15,6605,6606],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6609,4215],{},[176,6611,6612,6607,6615],{},[15,6613,6614],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6616,4215],{},[176,6618,6619,6607,6622],{},[15,6620,6621],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6623,4146],{},[20,6625,6626,6627,6629,6630,6632,6633,156],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6628,4146],{}," result, ",[15,6631,5723],{}," can return ",[15,6634,4146],{},[20,6636,6637],{},"Here is another example:",[47,6639,6641],{"className":49,"code":6640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6642,6643,6672,6676,6706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6644,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655,6657,6659,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6646,4610],{"class":65},[56,6648,1217],{"class":827},[56,6650,1220],{"class":76},[56,6652,1017],{"class":1016},[56,6654,4619],{"class":1020},[56,6656,1017],{"class":1016},[56,6658,306],{"class":76},[56,6660,6661],{"class":1016}," \"\"",[56,6663,306],{"class":76},[56,6665,1231],{"class":1016},[56,6667,4628],{"class":1020},[56,6669,1017],{"class":1016},[56,6671,427],{"class":76},[56,6673,6674],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6675,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,6677,6678,6681,6683,6685,6687,6690,6692,6694,6696,6699,6701,6704],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6679,6680],{"class":65},"has_empty_string ",[56,6682,1217],{"class":827},[56,6684,6554],{"class":72},[56,6686,77],{"class":76},[56,6688,6689],{"class":95},"word ",[56,6691,5228],{"class":827},[56,6693,6661],{"class":1016},[56,6695,4418],{"class":62},[56,6697,6698],{"class":95}," word ",[56,6700,69],{"class":62},[56,6702,6703],{"class":95}," words",[56,6705,99],{"class":76},[56,6707,6708,6710,6712,6715],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,6709,373],{"class":72},[56,6711,77],{"class":76},[56,6713,6714],{"class":95},"has_empty_string",[56,6716,99],{"class":76},[20,6718,239],{},[47,6720,6721],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6722,6723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6724,6725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6726,4519],{"class":4393},[20,6728,6729,6730,156],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[264,6731,6733],{"href":6732},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[42,6735,6737],{"id":6736},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6739,6740,6741,1045],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6742,4215],{},[47,6744,6746],{"className":49,"code":6745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6747,6748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6749,6750,6752,6754,6756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6751,373],{"class":72},[56,6753,77],{"class":76},[56,6755,5893],{"class":72},[56,6757,4970],{"class":76},[20,6759,239],{},[47,6761,6762],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6763,6764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6765,6766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6767,4580],{"class":4393},[20,6769,6770],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6772,6773,6774,6776],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6775,5723],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6778,6779],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[47,6781,6783],{"className":49,"code":6782,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6784,6785,6795,6810],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6786,6787,6789,6791,6793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6788,373],{"class":72},[56,6790,77],{"class":76},[56,6792,5893],{"class":72},[56,6794,5028],{"class":76},[56,6796,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805,6808],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6798,373],{"class":72},[56,6800,77],{"class":76},[56,6802,5893],{"class":72},[56,6804,77],{"class":76},[56,6806,6807],{"class":1016},"\"\"",[56,6809,1635],{"class":76},[56,6811,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6823],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6813,373],{"class":72},[56,6815,77],{"class":76},[56,6817,5893],{"class":72},[56,6819,77],{"class":76},[56,6821,6822],{"class":378},"set",[56,6824,6825],{"class":76},"()))\n",[20,6827,239],{},[47,6829,6831],{"className":49,"code":6830,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6832,6833,6837,6841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6834,6835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6836,4580],{"class":4393},[56,6838,6839],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6840,4580],{"class":4393},[56,6842,6843],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6844,4580],{"class":4393},[42,6846,6848],{"id":6847},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6850,2638,6851,6853],{},[15,6852,5723],{}," when you want to:",[173,6855,6856,6859,6862],{},[176,6857,6858],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[176,6860,6861],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[176,6863,6864],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6866,6867],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[47,6869,6871],{"className":49,"code":6870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6872,6873,6897,6901,6911,6915,6927,6946,6956,6961,6965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6874,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6876,1594],{"class":65},[56,6878,1217],{"class":827},[56,6880,1220],{"class":76},[56,6882,529],{"class":80},[56,6884,306],{"class":76},[56,6886,419],{"class":80},[56,6888,306],{"class":76},[56,6890,496],{"class":80},[56,6892,306],{"class":76},[56,6894,2272],{"class":80},[56,6896,427],{"class":76},[56,6898,6899],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,6900,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,6902,6903,6906,6908],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6904,6905],{"class":65},"found_even ",[56,6907,1217],{"class":827},[56,6909,6910],{"class":4393}," False\n",[56,6912,6913],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,6914,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,6916,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,6918,31],{"class":62},[56,6920,214],{"class":65},[56,6922,69],{"class":62},[56,6924,4804],{"class":65},[56,6926,1390],{"class":76},[56,6928,6929,6932,6934,6937,6939,6942,6944],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,6930,6931],{"class":62},"    if",[56,6933,214],{"class":65},[56,6935,6936],{"class":827},"%",[56,6938,414],{"class":80},[56,6940,6941],{"class":827}," ==",[56,6943,822],{"class":80},[56,6945,1390],{"class":76},[56,6947,6948,6951,6953],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,6949,6950],{"class":65},"        found_even ",[56,6952,1217],{"class":827},[56,6954,6955],{"class":4393}," True\n",[56,6957,6958],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,6959,6960],{"class":62},"        break\n",[56,6962,6963],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,6964,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,6966,6968,6970,6972,6975],{"class":58,"line":6967},10,[56,6969,373],{"class":72},[56,6971,77],{"class":76},[56,6973,6974],{"class":95},"found_even",[56,6976,99],{"class":76},[20,6978,6979],{},"You can write:",[47,6981,6983],{"className":49,"code":6982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6984,6985,7009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6986,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6988,1594],{"class":65},[56,6990,1217],{"class":827},[56,6992,1220],{"class":76},[56,6994,529],{"class":80},[56,6996,306],{"class":76},[56,6998,419],{"class":80},[56,7000,306],{"class":76},[56,7002,496],{"class":80},[56,7004,306],{"class":76},[56,7006,2272],{"class":80},[56,7008,427],{"class":76},[56,7010,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7012,373],{"class":72},[56,7014,77],{"class":76},[56,7016,5893],{"class":72},[56,7018,77],{"class":76},[56,7020,2763],{"class":95},[56,7022,6936],{"class":827},[56,7024,414],{"class":80},[56,7026,6941],{"class":827},[56,7028,822],{"class":80},[56,7030,4418],{"class":62},[56,7032,214],{"class":95},[56,7034,69],{"class":62},[56,7036,4804],{"class":95},[56,7038,1635],{"class":76},[20,7040,7041,7042,7044],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7043,5723],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[42,7046,1690],{"id":1689},[20,7048,7049,7050,156],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7051,5723],{},[353,7053,7055],{"id":7054},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7057,5066],{},[47,7059,7061],{"className":49,"code":7060,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7062,7063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7064,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7066,373],{"class":72},[56,7068,77],{"class":76},[56,7070,5893],{"class":72},[56,7072,77],{"class":76},[56,7074,81],{"class":80},[56,7076,1635],{"class":76},[20,7078,7079,7080,7082],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7081,81],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7084,7085],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[47,7087,7089],{"className":49,"code":7088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7090,7091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7092,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7094,373],{"class":72},[56,7096,77],{"class":76},[56,7098,5893],{"class":72},[56,7100,3528],{"class":76},[56,7102,81],{"class":80},[56,7104,3541],{"class":76},[353,7106,7108],{"id":7107},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7110,7111,7113,7114,7117],{},[15,7112,5723],{}," needs only ",[37,7115,7116],{},"one"," truthy item.",[47,7119,7121],{"className":49,"code":7120,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7122,7123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7124,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139,7141,7143],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7126,373],{"class":72},[56,7128,77],{"class":76},[56,7130,5893],{"class":72},[56,7132,3528],{"class":76},[56,7134,4215],{"class":4393},[56,7136,306],{"class":76},[56,7138,4446],{"class":4393},[56,7140,306],{"class":76},[56,7142,4455],{"class":4393},[56,7144,3541],{"class":76},[20,7146,239],{},[47,7148,7149],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7150,7151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7152,7153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7154,4519],{"class":4393},[20,7156,7157,7158,7162],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[264,7159,7160],{"href":5965},[15,7161,4121],{}," instead.",[353,7164,7166],{"id":7165},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7168,7169,7170,156],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7171,7172],{},"\"True\"",[47,7174,7176],{"className":49,"code":7175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7177,7178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7179,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192,7194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7181,373],{"class":72},[56,7183,77],{"class":76},[56,7185,5893],{"class":72},[56,7187,3528],{"class":76},[56,7189,1017],{"class":1016},[56,7191,4215],{"class":1020},[56,7193,1017],{"class":1016},[56,7195,3541],{"class":76},[20,7197,239],{},[47,7199,7200],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7201,7202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7203,7204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7205,4519],{"class":4393},[20,7207,7208,7209,7212],{},"That is because ",[15,7210,7211],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[353,7214,7216],{"id":7215},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7218,7219],{},"This works:",[47,7221,7223],{"className":49,"code":7222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7224,7225,7245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7228,1594],{"class":65},[56,7230,1217],{"class":827},[56,7232,1220],{"class":76},[56,7234,529],{"class":80},[56,7236,306],{"class":76},[56,7238,414],{"class":80},[56,7240,306],{"class":76},[56,7242,419],{"class":80},[56,7244,427],{"class":76},[56,7246,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7248,373],{"class":72},[56,7250,77],{"class":76},[56,7252,5893],{"class":72},[56,7254,3528],{"class":76},[56,7256,3567],{"class":95},[56,7258,4793],{"class":827},[56,7260,414],{"class":80},[56,7262,4418],{"class":62},[56,7264,4421],{"class":95},[56,7266,69],{"class":62},[56,7268,4804],{"class":95},[56,7270,3541],{"class":76},[20,7272,7273],{},"But this is usually better:",[47,7275,7277],{"className":49,"code":7276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7278,7279,7299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7280,7281,7283,7285,7287,7289,7291,7293,7295,7297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7282,1594],{"class":65},[56,7284,1217],{"class":827},[56,7286,1220],{"class":76},[56,7288,529],{"class":80},[56,7290,306],{"class":76},[56,7292,414],{"class":80},[56,7294,306],{"class":76},[56,7296,419],{"class":80},[56,7298,427],{"class":76},[56,7300,7301,7303,7305,7307,7309,7311,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321,7323],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7302,373],{"class":72},[56,7304,77],{"class":76},[56,7306,5893],{"class":72},[56,7308,77],{"class":76},[56,7310,3567],{"class":95},[56,7312,4793],{"class":827},[56,7314,414],{"class":80},[56,7316,4418],{"class":62},[56,7318,4421],{"class":95},[56,7320,69],{"class":62},[56,7322,4804],{"class":95},[56,7324,1635],{"class":76},[20,7326,7327],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[42,7329,2343],{"id":2342},[353,7331,7333],{"id":7332},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7335,5688,7336,7338,7339,156],{},[15,7337,4146],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7340,4215],{},[353,7342,7344],{"id":7343},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7346,7347,2942,7349,7351],{},[15,7348,5723],{},[15,7350,4215],{}," for an empty iterable.",[353,7353,7355],{"id":7354},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7357,7358,7360,7361,7363],{},[15,7359,5723],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7362,4121],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[353,7365,7367],{"id":7366},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7369,7370],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[47,7372,7373],{"className":49,"code":6483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7374,7375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7376,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385,7387,7389,7391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7378,5893],{"class":72},[56,7380,77],{"class":76},[56,7382,6494],{"class":95},[56,7384,31],{"class":62},[56,7386,1383],{"class":95},[56,7388,69],{"class":62},[56,7390,1287],{"class":95},[56,7392,99],{"class":76},[20,7394,1584],{},[47,7396,7397],{"className":49,"code":7276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7398,7399,7419],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7400,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7402,1594],{"class":65},[56,7404,1217],{"class":827},[56,7406,1220],{"class":76},[56,7408,529],{"class":80},[56,7410,306],{"class":76},[56,7412,414],{"class":80},[56,7414,306],{"class":76},[56,7416,419],{"class":80},[56,7418,427],{"class":76},[56,7420,7421,7423,7425,7427,7429,7431,7433,7435,7437,7439,7441,7443],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7422,373],{"class":72},[56,7424,77],{"class":76},[56,7426,5893],{"class":72},[56,7428,77],{"class":76},[56,7430,3567],{"class":95},[56,7432,4793],{"class":827},[56,7434,414],{"class":80},[56,7436,4418],{"class":62},[56,7438,4421],{"class":95},[56,7440,69],{"class":62},[56,7442,4804],{"class":95},[56,7444,1635],{"class":76},[42,7446,2417],{"id":2416},[173,7448,7449,7455,7459,7463,7468],{},[176,7450,7451],{},[264,7452,7453,2430],{"href":5965},[15,7454,4121],{},[176,7456,7457],{},[264,7458,4348],{"href":6316},[176,7460,7461],{},[264,7462,5755],{"href":6125},[176,7464,7465],{},[264,7466,7467],{"href":6732},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[176,7469,7470],{},[264,7471,7472,2430],{"href":6319},[15,7473,4354],{},[2451,7475,7476],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":7478},[7479,7480,7481,7482,7483,7484,7485,7486,7492,7498],{"id":5915,"depth":87,"text":5916},{"id":5970,"depth":87,"text":5971},{"id":4269,"depth":87,"text":4270},{"id":6325,"depth":87,"text":6326},{"id":6468,"depth":87,"text":6469},{"id":6736,"depth":87,"text":6737},{"id":6847,"depth":87,"text":6848},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":7487},[7488,7489,7490,7491],{"id":7054,"depth":102,"text":7055},{"id":7107,"depth":102,"text":7108},{"id":7165,"depth":102,"text":7166},{"id":7215,"depth":102,"text":7216},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":7493},[7494,7495,7496,7497],{"id":7332,"depth":102,"text":7333},{"id":7343,"depth":102,"text":7344},{"id":7354,"depth":102,"text":7355},{"id":7366,"depth":102,"text":7367},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5818,"description":7499},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7505,"title":7506,"body":7507,"description":9635,"extension":2509,"meta":9636,"navigation":105,"path":9637,"seo":9638,"stem":9639,"__hash__":9640},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7508,"toc":9598},[7509,7512,7521,7531,7533,7630,7632,7661,7677,7681,7686,7689,7699,7705,7711,7727,7729,7737,7744,7748,7751,7766,7771,7789,7794,7796,7844,7846,7863,7867,7873,7876,7911,7913,8019,8021,8058,8062,8070,8072,8092,8094,8215,8217,8246,8249,8272,8274,8282,8290,8294,8300,8304,8345,8347,8355,8358,8386,8388,8396,8400,8429,8431,8439,8471,8473,8481,8485,8536,8538,8546,8554,8558,8561,8613,8615,8635,8642,8646,8652,8655,8663,8685,8687,8695,8703,8726,8728,8736,8741,8746,8758,8760,8800,8811,8815,8824,8827,8830,8888,8891,8943,8946,8951,8967,8973,8975,8980,8989,8992,9014,9016,9024,9029,9032,9067,9069,9077,9081,9086,9124,9136,9139,9194,9202,9206,9209,9231,9240,9243,9284,9286,9309,9315,9321,9336,9338,9358,9361,9380,9382,9401,9405,9410,9489,9492,9506,9513,9515,9519,9526,9530,9534,9538,9543,9547,9552,9556,9563,9565,9595],[10,7510,7506],{"id":7511},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7513,2526,7514,7516,7517,3422,7519,156],{},[15,7515,4354],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7518,4146],{},[15,7520,4215],{},[20,7522,7523,7524,7526,7527,7530],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7525,4354],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7528,7529],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[42,7532,4151],{"id":4150},[47,7534,7536],{"className":49,"code":7535,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7537,7538,7552,7566,7580,7598,7608],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7539,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548,7550],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7541,373],{"class":72},[56,7543,77],{"class":76},[56,7545,4409],{"class":378},[56,7547,77],{"class":76},[56,7549,152],{"class":80},[56,7551,1635],{"class":76},[56,7553,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7555,373],{"class":72},[56,7557,77],{"class":76},[56,7559,4409],{"class":378},[56,7561,77],{"class":76},[56,7563,529],{"class":80},[56,7565,1635],{"class":76},[56,7567,7568,7570,7572,7574,7576,7578],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7569,373],{"class":72},[56,7571,77],{"class":76},[56,7573,4409],{"class":378},[56,7575,77],{"class":76},[56,7577,6807],{"class":1016},[56,7579,1635],{"class":76},[56,7581,7582,7584,7586,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,7583,373],{"class":72},[56,7585,77],{"class":76},[56,7587,4409],{"class":378},[56,7589,77],{"class":76},[56,7591,1017],{"class":1016},[56,7593,4386],{"class":1020},[56,7595,1017],{"class":1016},[56,7597,1635],{"class":76},[56,7599,7600,7602,7604,7606],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,7601,373],{"class":72},[56,7603,77],{"class":76},[56,7605,4409],{"class":378},[56,7607,4970],{"class":76},[56,7609,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626,7628],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,7611,373],{"class":72},[56,7613,77],{"class":76},[56,7615,4409],{"class":378},[56,7617,3528],{"class":76},[56,7619,529],{"class":80},[56,7621,306],{"class":76},[56,7623,414],{"class":80},[56,7625,306],{"class":76},[56,7627,419],{"class":80},[56,7629,3541],{"class":76},[20,7631,6098],{},[47,7633,7635],{"className":49,"code":7634,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7636,7637,7641,7645,7649,7653,7657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7638,7639],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7640,4580],{"class":4393},[56,7642,7643],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7644,4519],{"class":4393},[56,7646,7647],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7648,4580],{"class":4393},[56,7650,7651],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,7652,4519],{"class":4393},[56,7654,7655],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,7656,4580],{"class":4393},[56,7658,7659],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,7660,4519],{"class":4393},[20,7662,2638,7663,7666,7667,3422,7669,7671,7672,7674,7675,156],{},[15,7664,7665],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7668,4146],{},[15,7670,4215],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7673,4215],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7676,4146],{},[42,7678,7680],{"id":7679},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7682,7683,7685],{},[15,7684,4354],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7687,7688],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[173,7690,7691,7695],{},[176,7692,7693],{},[15,7694,4146],{},[176,7696,7697],{},[15,7698,4215],{},[20,7700,7701,7702,7704],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7703,7529],{}," statements.",[20,7706,7707,7708,7710],{},"You can also call ",[15,7709,4354],{}," with no argument:",[47,7712,7714],{"className":49,"code":7713,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool())\n",[15,7715,7716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7717,7718,7720,7722,7724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7719,373],{"class":72},[56,7721,77],{"class":76},[56,7723,4409],{"class":378},[56,7725,7726],{"class":76},"())\n",[20,7728,239],{},[47,7730,7731],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7732,7733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7734,7735],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7736,4580],{"class":4393},[20,7738,7739,7740,156],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[264,7741,7743],{"href":7742},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[42,7745,7747],{"id":7746},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7749,7750],{},"The basic syntax is:",[47,7752,7754],{"className":49,"code":7753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bool(value)\n",[15,7755,7756],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7757,7758,7760,7762,7764],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7759,4409],{"class":378},[56,7761,77],{"class":76},[56,7763,3017],{"class":95},[56,7765,99],{"class":76},[20,7767,2526,7768,7770],{},[15,7769,3017],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[173,7772,7773,7775,7777,7779,7781,7784,7786],{},[176,7774,1618],{},[176,7776,5848],{},[176,7778,5839],{},[176,7780,5842],{},[176,7782,7783],{},"dictionaries",[176,7785,5845],{},[176,7787,7788],{},"other objects",[20,7790,7791,7792,156],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7793,4215],{},[20,7795,986],{},[47,7797,7799],{"className":49,"code":7798,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7800,7801,7815,7834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7802,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811,7813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7804,373],{"class":72},[56,7806,77],{"class":76},[56,7808,4409],{"class":378},[56,7810,77],{"class":76},[56,7812,2291],{"class":80},[56,7814,1635],{"class":76},[56,7816,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825,7827,7830,7832],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7818,373],{"class":72},[56,7820,77],{"class":76},[56,7822,4409],{"class":378},[56,7824,77],{"class":76},[56,7826,1017],{"class":1016},[56,7828,7829],{"class":1020},"Python",[56,7831,1017],{"class":1016},[56,7833,1635],{"class":76},[56,7835,7836,7838,7840,7842],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7837,373],{"class":72},[56,7839,77],{"class":76},[56,7841,4409],{"class":378},[56,7843,7726],{"class":76},[20,7845,239],{},[47,7847,7849],{"className":49,"code":7848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7850,7851,7855,7859],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7852,7853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7854,4519],{"class":4393},[56,7856,7857],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7858,4519],{"class":4393},[56,7860,7861],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7862,4580],{"class":4393},[42,7864,7866],{"id":7865},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7868,7869,7870,7872],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[37,7871,6135],{}," values.",[20,7874,7875],{},"Common examples:",[173,7877,7878,7882,7886,7890,7894,7899,7903,7907],{},[176,7879,7880],{},[15,7881,152],{},[176,7883,7884],{},[15,7885,4309],{},[176,7887,7888],{},[15,7889,6807],{},[176,7891,7892],{},[15,7893,4328],{},[176,7895,7896],{},[15,7897,7898],{},"()",[176,7900,7901],{},[15,7902,4333],{},[176,7904,7905],{},[15,7906,4338],{},[176,7908,7909],{},[15,7910,4319],{},[20,7912,986],{},[47,7914,7916],{"className":49,"code":7915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7917,7918,7932,7946,7960,7970,7980,7991,8005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7919,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7921,373],{"class":72},[56,7923,77],{"class":76},[56,7925,4409],{"class":378},[56,7927,77],{"class":76},[56,7929,152],{"class":80},[56,7931,1635],{"class":76},[56,7933,7934,7936,7938,7940,7942,7944],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,7935,373],{"class":72},[56,7937,77],{"class":76},[56,7939,4409],{"class":378},[56,7941,77],{"class":76},[56,7943,4309],{"class":80},[56,7945,1635],{"class":76},[56,7947,7948,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7949,373],{"class":72},[56,7951,77],{"class":76},[56,7953,4409],{"class":378},[56,7955,77],{"class":76},[56,7957,6807],{"class":1016},[56,7959,1635],{"class":76},[56,7961,7962,7964,7966,7968],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,7963,373],{"class":72},[56,7965,77],{"class":76},[56,7967,4409],{"class":378},[56,7969,4970],{"class":76},[56,7971,7972,7974,7976,7978],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,7973,373],{"class":72},[56,7975,77],{"class":76},[56,7977,4409],{"class":378},[56,7979,5028],{"class":76},[56,7981,7982,7984,7986,7988],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,7983,373],{"class":72},[56,7985,77],{"class":76},[56,7987,4409],{"class":378},[56,7989,7990],{"class":76},"({}))\n",[56,7992,7993,7995,7997,7999,8001,8003],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,7994,373],{"class":72},[56,7996,77],{"class":76},[56,7998,4409],{"class":378},[56,8000,77],{"class":76},[56,8002,6822],{"class":378},[56,8004,6825],{"class":76},[56,8006,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,8008,373],{"class":72},[56,8010,77],{"class":76},[56,8012,4409],{"class":378},[56,8014,77],{"class":76},[56,8016,4319],{"class":4393},[56,8018,1635],{"class":76},[20,8020,239],{},[47,8022,8024],{"className":49,"code":8023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8025,8026,8030,8034,8038,8042,8046,8050,8054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8027,8028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8029,4580],{"class":4393},[56,8031,8032],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8033,4580],{"class":4393},[56,8035,8036],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8037,4580],{"class":4393},[56,8039,8040],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,8041,4580],{"class":4393},[56,8043,8044],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,8045,4580],{"class":4393},[56,8047,8048],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,8049,4580],{"class":4393},[56,8051,8052],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,8053,4580],{"class":4393},[56,8055,8056],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,8057,4580],{"class":4393},[42,8059,8061],{"id":8060},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8063,8064,8065,8067,8068,7872],{},"Many values become ",[15,8066,4146],{},". These are often called ",[37,8069,6132],{},[20,8071,7875],{},[173,8073,8074,8077,8080,8083,8086,8089],{},[176,8075,8076],{},"non-zero numbers",[176,8078,8079],{},"non-empty strings",[176,8081,8082],{},"non-empty lists",[176,8084,8085],{},"non-empty tuples",[176,8087,8088],{},"non-empty sets",[176,8090,8091],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8093,986],{},[47,8095,8097],{"className":49,"code":8096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8098,8099,8113,8129,8147,8169,8187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8100,8101,8103,8105,8107,8109,8111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8102,373],{"class":72},[56,8104,77],{"class":76},[56,8106,4409],{"class":378},[56,8108,77],{"class":76},[56,8110,81],{"class":80},[56,8112,1635],{"class":76},[56,8114,8115,8117,8119,8121,8123,8125,8127],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8116,373],{"class":72},[56,8118,77],{"class":76},[56,8120,4409],{"class":378},[56,8122,77],{"class":76},[56,8124,2568],{"class":827},[56,8126,463],{"class":80},[56,8128,1635],{"class":76},[56,8130,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143,8145],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8132,373],{"class":72},[56,8134,77],{"class":76},[56,8136,4409],{"class":378},[56,8138,77],{"class":76},[56,8140,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8142,4386],{"class":1020},[56,8144,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8146,1635],{"class":76},[56,8148,8149,8151,8153,8155,8157,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,8150,373],{"class":72},[56,8152,77],{"class":76},[56,8154,4409],{"class":378},[56,8156,3528],{"class":76},[56,8158,529],{"class":80},[56,8160,306],{"class":76},[56,8162,414],{"class":80},[56,8164,306],{"class":76},[56,8166,419],{"class":80},[56,8168,3541],{"class":76},[56,8170,8171,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,8172,373],{"class":72},[56,8174,77],{"class":76},[56,8176,4409],{"class":378},[56,8178,6049],{"class":76},[56,8180,529],{"class":80},[56,8182,306],{"class":76},[56,8184,414],{"class":80},[56,8186,390],{"class":76},[56,8188,8189,8191,8193,8195,8197,8199,8202,8204,8206,8208,8211,8213],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,8190,373],{"class":72},[56,8192,77],{"class":76},[56,8194,4409],{"class":378},[56,8196,6068],{"class":76},[56,8198,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8200,8201],{"class":1020},"name",[56,8203,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8205,1045],{"class":76},[56,8207,1231],{"class":1016},[56,8209,8210],{"class":1020},"Sam",[56,8212,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8214,6077],{"class":76},[20,8216,239],{},[47,8218,8220],{"className":49,"code":8219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8221,8222,8226,8230,8234,8238,8242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8223,8224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8225,4519],{"class":4393},[56,8227,8228],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8229,4519],{"class":4393},[56,8231,8232],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8233,4519],{"class":4393},[56,8235,8236],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,8237,4519],{"class":4393},[56,8239,8240],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,8241,4519],{"class":4393},[56,8243,8244],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,8245,4519],{"class":4393},[20,8247,8248],{},"One important example is this:",[47,8250,8252],{"className":49,"code":8251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8253,8254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8257,373],{"class":72},[56,8259,77],{"class":76},[56,8261,4409],{"class":378},[56,8263,77],{"class":76},[56,8265,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8267,4215],{"class":1020},[56,8269,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8271,1635],{"class":76},[20,8273,239],{},[47,8275,8276],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8277,8278],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8279,8280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8281,4519],{"class":4393},[20,8283,8284,8285,8287,8288,156],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8286,7211],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8289,4146],{},[42,8291,8293],{"id":8292},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8295,8296,8297,8299],{},"You can use ",[15,8298,4354],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[353,8301,8303],{"id":8302},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[47,8305,8307],{"className":49,"code":8306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8308,8309,8331],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8310,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321,8324,8326,8329],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8312,1214],{"class":65},[56,8314,1217],{"class":827},[56,8316,1220],{"class":76},[56,8318,2291],{"class":80},[56,8320,306],{"class":76},[56,8322,8323],{"class":80}," 20",[56,8325,306],{"class":76},[56,8327,8328],{"class":80}," 30",[56,8330,427],{"class":76},[56,8332,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8334,373],{"class":72},[56,8336,77],{"class":76},[56,8338,4409],{"class":378},[56,8340,77],{"class":76},[56,8342,1271],{"class":95},[56,8344,1635],{"class":76},[20,8346,239],{},[47,8348,8349],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8350,8351],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8352,8353],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8354,4519],{"class":4393},[20,8356,8357],{},"With an empty list:",[47,8359,8361],{"className":49,"code":8360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8362,8363,8372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8364,8365,8367,8369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8366,1214],{"class":65},[56,8368,1217],{"class":827},[56,8370,8371],{"class":76}," []\n",[56,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8375,373],{"class":72},[56,8377,77],{"class":76},[56,8379,4409],{"class":378},[56,8381,77],{"class":76},[56,8383,1271],{"class":95},[56,8385,1635],{"class":76},[20,8387,239],{},[47,8389,8390],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8391,8392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8393,8394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8395,4580],{"class":4393},[353,8397,8399],{"id":8398},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[47,8401,8403],{"className":49,"code":8402,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8404,8405,8415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8406,8407,8410,8412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8408,8409],{"class":65},"name ",[56,8411,1217],{"class":827},[56,8413,8414],{"class":1016}," \"\"\n",[56,8416,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425,8427],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8418,373],{"class":72},[56,8420,77],{"class":76},[56,8422,4409],{"class":378},[56,8424,77],{"class":76},[56,8426,8201],{"class":95},[56,8428,1635],{"class":76},[20,8430,239],{},[47,8432,8433],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8434,8435],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8436,8437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8438,4580],{"class":4393},[47,8440,8442],{"className":49,"code":8441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8443,8444,8457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8445,8446,8448,8450,8452,8455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8447,8409],{"class":65},[56,8449,1217],{"class":827},[56,8451,1231],{"class":1016},[56,8453,8454],{"class":1020},"Mia",[56,8456,3903],{"class":1016},[56,8458,8459,8461,8463,8465,8467,8469],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8460,373],{"class":72},[56,8462,77],{"class":76},[56,8464,4409],{"class":378},[56,8466,77],{"class":76},[56,8468,8201],{"class":95},[56,8470,1635],{"class":76},[20,8472,239],{},[47,8474,8475],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8476,8477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8478,8479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8480,4519],{"class":4393},[353,8482,8484],{"id":8483},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[47,8486,8488],{"className":49,"code":8487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8489,8490,8504,8521,8525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8491,8492,8495,8497,8499,8502],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8493,8494],{"class":65},"username ",[56,8496,1217],{"class":827},[56,8498,1231],{"class":1016},[56,8500,8501],{"class":1020},"alex",[56,8503,3903],{"class":1016},[56,8505,8506,8509,8511,8514,8516,8519],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8507,8508],{"class":65},"has_name ",[56,8510,1217],{"class":827},[56,8512,8513],{"class":378}," bool",[56,8515,77],{"class":76},[56,8517,8518],{"class":95},"username",[56,8520,99],{"class":76},[56,8522,8523],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8524,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,8526,8527,8529,8531,8534],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,8528,373],{"class":72},[56,8530,77],{"class":76},[56,8532,8533],{"class":95},"has_name",[56,8535,99],{"class":76},[20,8537,239],{},[47,8539,8540],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8541,8542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8543,8544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8545,4519],{"class":4393},[20,8547,8548,8549,3422,8551,8553],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8550,4146],{},[15,8552,4215],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[353,8555,8557],{"id":8556},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8559,8560],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[47,8562,8564],{"className":49,"code":8563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8565,8566,8586,8590,8598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8567,8568,8570,8572,8574,8576,8578,8580,8582,8584],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8569,1594],{"class":65},[56,8571,1217],{"class":827},[56,8573,1220],{"class":76},[56,8575,529],{"class":80},[56,8577,306],{"class":76},[56,8579,414],{"class":80},[56,8581,306],{"class":76},[56,8583,419],{"class":80},[56,8585,427],{"class":76},[56,8587,8588],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8589,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,8591,8592,8594,8596],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8593,7529],{"class":62},[56,8595,4804],{"class":65},[56,8597,1390],{"class":76},[56,8599,8600,8602,8604,8606,8609,8611],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,8601,90],{"class":72},[56,8603,77],{"class":76},[56,8605,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8607,8608],{"class":1020},"The list is not empty",[56,8610,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8612,99],{"class":76},[20,8614,239],{},[47,8616,8618],{"className":49,"code":8617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8619,8620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8621,8622,8624,8626,8629,8632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8623,2526],{"class":65},[56,8625,379],{"class":378},[56,8627,8628],{"class":827}," is",[56,8630,8631],{"class":827}," not",[56,8633,8634],{"class":65}," empty\n",[20,8636,8637,8638,156],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[264,8639,8641],{"href":8640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[42,8643,8645],{"id":8644},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8647,8648,8649,8651],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8650,4354],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8653,8654],{},"It does not do that.",[353,8656,8658,2942,8661],{"id":8657},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8659,8660],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8662,4146],{},[47,8664,8665],{"className":49,"code":8251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8666,8667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8668,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677,8679,8681,8683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8670,373],{"class":72},[56,8672,77],{"class":76},[56,8674,4409],{"class":378},[56,8676,77],{"class":76},[56,8678,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8680,4215],{"class":1020},[56,8682,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8684,1635],{"class":76},[20,8686,239],{},[47,8688,8689],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8690,8691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8692,8693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8694,4519],{"class":4393},[353,8696,8698,2942,8701],{"id":8697},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8699,8700],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8702,4146],{},[47,8704,8706],{"className":49,"code":8705,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8707,8708],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8709,8710,8712,8714,8716,8718,8720,8722,8724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8711,373],{"class":72},[56,8713,77],{"class":76},[56,8715,4409],{"class":378},[56,8717,77],{"class":76},[56,8719,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8721,152],{"class":1020},[56,8723,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8725,1635],{"class":76},[20,8727,239],{},[47,8729,8730],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8731,8732],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8733,8734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8735,4519],{"class":4393},[20,8737,8738,8739,156],{},"This happens because both values are ",[37,8740,8079],{},[20,8742,8743,8745],{},[15,8744,4354],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8747,8748,8749,8754,8755,8757],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[264,8750,8752],{"href":8751},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8753,1871],{},", because ",[15,8756,1871],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8759,986],{},[47,8761,8763],{"className":49,"code":8762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8764,8765,8785],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8766,8767,8770,8772,8774,8776,8778,8781,8783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8768,8769],{"class":65},"user_value ",[56,8771,1217],{"class":827},[56,8773,1886],{"class":72},[56,8775,77],{"class":76},[56,8777,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8779,8780],{"class":1020},"Enter True or False: ",[56,8782,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8784,99],{"class":76},[56,8786,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8798],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8788,373],{"class":72},[56,8790,77],{"class":76},[56,8792,4409],{"class":378},[56,8794,77],{"class":76},[56,8796,8797],{"class":95},"user_value",[56,8799,1635],{"class":76},[20,8801,8802,8803,8805,8806,8754,8808,8810],{},"If the user types ",[15,8804,4215],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8807,4146],{},[15,8809,7211],{}," is not empty.",[42,8812,8814],{"id":8813},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8816,8817,8818,8820,8821,8823],{},"In many ",[15,8819,7529],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8822,4354],{}," yourself.",[20,8825,8826],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8828,8829],{},"Instead of this:",[47,8831,8833],{"className":49,"code":8832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8834,8835,8856,8860,8873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8836,8837,8840,8842,8844,8846,8848,8850,8852,8854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8838,8839],{"class":65},"my_list ",[56,8841,1217],{"class":827},[56,8843,1220],{"class":76},[56,8845,529],{"class":80},[56,8847,306],{"class":76},[56,8849,414],{"class":80},[56,8851,306],{"class":76},[56,8853,419],{"class":80},[56,8855,427],{"class":76},[56,8857,8858],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8859,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,8861,8862,8864,8866,8868,8871],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8863,7529],{"class":62},[56,8865,8513],{"class":378},[56,8867,77],{"class":76},[56,8869,8870],{"class":95},"my_list",[56,8872,84],{"class":76},[56,8874,8875,8877,8879,8881,8884,8886],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,8876,90],{"class":72},[56,8878,77],{"class":76},[56,8880,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8882,8883],{"class":1020},"List has items",[56,8885,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8887,99],{"class":76},[20,8889,8890],{},"You can simply write:",[47,8892,8894],{"className":49,"code":8893,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8895,8896,8916,8920,8929],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8897,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8899,8839],{"class":65},[56,8901,1217],{"class":827},[56,8903,1220],{"class":76},[56,8905,529],{"class":80},[56,8907,306],{"class":76},[56,8909,414],{"class":80},[56,8911,306],{"class":76},[56,8913,419],{"class":80},[56,8915,427],{"class":76},[56,8917,8918],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,8919,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,8921,8922,8924,8927],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8923,7529],{"class":62},[56,8925,8926],{"class":65}," my_list",[56,8928,1390],{"class":76},[56,8930,8931,8933,8935,8937,8939,8941],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,8932,90],{"class":72},[56,8934,77],{"class":76},[56,8936,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8938,8883],{"class":1020},[56,8940,1017],{"class":1016},[56,8942,99],{"class":76},[20,8944,8945],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8947,958,8948,8950],{},[15,8949,4354],{}," is still helpful when:",[173,8952,8953,8956,8964],{},[176,8954,8955],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[176,8957,8958,8959,3422,8961,8963],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8960,4146],{},[15,8962,4215],{}," value",[176,8965,8966],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8968,8969,8970,156],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[264,8971,8972],{"href":2844},"Python type() function explained",[42,8974,3374],{"id":3373},[20,8976,8977,8978,156],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8979,4354],{},[353,8981,8983,8984,8986,8987],{"id":8982},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8985,8660],{}," to return ",[15,8988,4215],{},[20,8990,8991],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[47,8993,8994],{"className":49,"code":8251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8995,8996],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8997,8998,9000,9002,9004,9006,9008,9010,9012],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8999,373],{"class":72},[56,9001,77],{"class":76},[56,9003,4409],{"class":378},[56,9005,77],{"class":76},[56,9007,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9009,4215],{"class":1020},[56,9011,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9013,1635],{"class":76},[20,9015,239],{},[47,9017,9018],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,9019,9020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9021,9022],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9023,4519],{"class":4393},[20,9025,9026,9027,7212],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9028,7211],{},[20,9030,9031],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[47,9033,9035],{"className":49,"code":9034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9036,9037,9049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9038,9039,9041,9043,9045,9047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9040,2992],{"class":65},[56,9042,1217],{"class":827},[56,9044,1231],{"class":1016},[56,9046,4215],{"class":1020},[56,9048,3903],{"class":1016},[56,9050,9051,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9052,373],{"class":72},[56,9054,77],{"class":76},[56,9056,2992],{"class":95},[56,9058,5228],{"class":827},[56,9060,1231],{"class":1016},[56,9062,4146],{"class":1020},[56,9064,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9066,99],{"class":76},[20,9068,239],{},[47,9070,9071],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,9072,9073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9074,9075],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9076,4580],{"class":4393},[353,9078,9080],{"id":9079},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9082,9083,9085],{},[15,9084,1871],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[47,9087,9089],{"className":49,"code":9088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9090,9091,9110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9092,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9106,9108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9094,2992],{"class":65},[56,9096,1217],{"class":827},[56,9098,1886],{"class":72},[56,9100,77],{"class":76},[56,9102,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9104,9105],{"class":1020},"Enter yes or no: ",[56,9107,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9109,99],{"class":76},[56,9111,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9113,373],{"class":72},[56,9115,77],{"class":76},[56,9117,4409],{"class":378},[56,9119,77],{"class":76},[56,9121,3017],{"class":95},[56,9123,1635],{"class":76},[20,9125,8802,9126,9129,9130,9132,9133,8810],{},[15,9127,9128],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9131,4146],{}," because ",[15,9134,9135],{},"\"no\"",[20,9137,9138],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[47,9140,9142],{"className":49,"code":9141,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9143,9144,9175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9145,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160,9163,9166,9169,9172],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9147,2992],{"class":65},[56,9149,1217],{"class":827},[56,9151,1886],{"class":72},[56,9153,77],{"class":76},[56,9155,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9157,9105],{"class":1020},[56,9159,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9161,9162],{"class":76},").",[56,9164,9165],{"class":95},"strip",[56,9167,9168],{"class":76},"().",[56,9170,9171],{"class":95},"lower",[56,9173,9174],{"class":76},"()\n",[56,9176,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9190,9192],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9178,373],{"class":72},[56,9180,77],{"class":76},[56,9182,2992],{"class":95},[56,9184,5228],{"class":827},[56,9186,1231],{"class":1016},[56,9188,9189],{"class":1020},"yes",[56,9191,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9193,99],{"class":76},[20,9195,9196,9197,9199,9200,156],{},"This gives ",[15,9198,4146],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9201,9189],{},[353,9203,9205],{"id":9204},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9207,9208],{},"These are different:",[173,9210,9211,9215,9219,9223,9227],{},[176,9212,9213],{},[15,9214,4215],{},[176,9216,9217],{},[15,9218,152],{},[176,9220,9221],{},[15,9222,6807],{},[176,9224,9225],{},[15,9226,4328],{},[176,9228,9229],{},[15,9230,4319],{},[20,9232,9233,9234,9236,9237,9239],{},"They all become ",[15,9235,4215],{}," with ",[15,9238,4354],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9241,9242],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[47,9244,9246],{"className":49,"code":9245,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9247,9248,9256,9270],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9249,9250,9252,9254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9251,2992],{"class":65},[56,9253,1217],{"class":827},[56,9255,8371],{"class":76},[56,9257,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9268],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9259,373],{"class":72},[56,9261,77],{"class":76},[56,9263,2312],{"class":378},[56,9265,77],{"class":76},[56,9267,3017],{"class":95},[56,9269,1635],{"class":76},[56,9271,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,9273,373],{"class":72},[56,9275,77],{"class":76},[56,9277,4409],{"class":378},[56,9279,77],{"class":76},[56,9281,3017],{"class":95},[56,9283,1635],{"class":76},[20,9285,239],{},[47,9287,9289],{"className":49,"code":9288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9290,9291,9305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9292,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9294,3833],{"class":827},[56,9296,3836],{"class":2610},[56,9298,3839],{"class":1016},[56,9300,379],{"class":1020},[56,9302,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9304,3847],{"class":827},[56,9306,9307],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9308,4580],{"class":4393},[353,9310,958,9312,9314],{"id":9311},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9313,4333],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9316,9317,9318,9320],{},"In Python, ",[15,9319,4333],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[47,9322,9324],{"className":49,"code":9323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9325,9326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9327,9328,9330,9332,9334],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9329,373],{"class":72},[56,9331,77],{"class":76},[56,9333,2312],{"class":378},[56,9335,7990],{"class":76},[20,9337,239],{},[47,9339,9341],{"className":49,"code":9340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9342,9343],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9344,9345,9347,9349,9351,9354,9356],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9346,3833],{"class":827},[56,9348,3836],{"class":2610},[56,9350,3839],{"class":1016},[56,9352,9353],{"class":1020},"dict",[56,9355,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9357,3847],{"class":827},[20,9359,9360],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[47,9362,9364],{"className":49,"code":9363,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9365,9366],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9367,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9369,373],{"class":72},[56,9371,77],{"class":76},[56,9373,2312],{"class":378},[56,9375,77],{"class":76},[56,9377,6822],{"class":378},[56,9379,6825],{"class":76},[20,9381,239],{},[47,9383,9385],{"className":49,"code":9384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9386,9387],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9388,9389,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9390,3833],{"class":827},[56,9392,3836],{"class":2610},[56,9394,3839],{"class":1016},[56,9396,6822],{"class":1020},[56,9398,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9400,3847],{"class":827},[42,9402,9404],{"id":9403},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9406,2211,9407,9409],{},[15,9408,4354],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[47,9411,9413],{"className":49,"code":9412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9414,9415,9429,9443,9453,9471],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9416,9417,9419,9421,9423,9425,9427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9418,373],{"class":72},[56,9420,77],{"class":76},[56,9422,4409],{"class":378},[56,9424,77],{"class":76},[56,9426,3017],{"class":95},[56,9428,1635],{"class":76},[56,9430,9431,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9432,373],{"class":72},[56,9434,77],{"class":76},[56,9436,2312],{"class":378},[56,9438,77],{"class":76},[56,9440,3017],{"class":95},[56,9442,1635],{"class":76},[56,9444,9445,9447,9449,9451],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,9446,373],{"class":72},[56,9448,77],{"class":76},[56,9450,3017],{"class":95},[56,9452,99],{"class":76},[56,9454,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,9456,373],{"class":72},[56,9458,77],{"class":76},[56,9460,2992],{"class":95},[56,9462,5228],{"class":827},[56,9464,1231],{"class":1016},[56,9466,4146],{"class":1020},[56,9468,1017],{"class":1016},[56,9470,99],{"class":76},[56,9472,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,9474,373],{"class":72},[56,9476,77],{"class":76},[56,9478,3017],{"class":95},[56,9480,156],{"class":76},[56,9482,9165],{"class":95},[56,9484,9168],{"class":76},[56,9486,9171],{"class":95},[56,9488,7726],{"class":76},[20,9490,9491],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[173,9493,9494,9497,9500,9503],{},[176,9495,9496],{},"what the value really is",[176,9498,9499],{},"whether it is a string",[176,9501,9502],{},"whether it contains spaces",[176,9504,9505],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9507,9508,9509,156],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[264,9510,9512],{"href":9511},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[42,9514,2343],{"id":2342},[353,9516,9518],{"id":9517},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9520,9521,9522,3422,9524,156],{},"It returns either ",[15,9523,4146],{},[15,9525,4215],{},[353,9527,9529],{"id":9528},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9531,5688,9532,156],{},[15,9533,4215],{},[353,9535,9537],{"id":9536},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9539,9540,9541,156],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9542,4146],{},[353,9544,9546],{"id":9545},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9548,9549,9550,156],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9551,4215],{},[353,9553,9555],{"id":9554},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9557,9558,9559,3422,9561,4278],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9560,4146],{},[15,9562,4215],{},[42,9564,2417],{"id":2416},[173,9566,9567,9572,9576,9581,9585,9590],{},[176,9568,9569],{},[264,9570,9571],{"href":6316},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[176,9573,9574],{},[264,9575,8641],{"href":8640},[176,9577,9578],{},[264,9579,9580],{"href":8751},"Python input() function explained",[176,9582,9583],{},[264,9584,8972],{"href":2844},[176,9586,9587],{},[264,9588,9589],{"href":9511},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[176,9591,9592],{},[264,9593,9594],{"href":7742},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2451,9596,9597],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":9599},[9600,9601,9602,9603,9604,9605,9611,9617,9618,9626,9627,9634],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":7679,"depth":87,"text":7680},{"id":7746,"depth":87,"text":7747},{"id":7865,"depth":87,"text":7866},{"id":8060,"depth":87,"text":8061},{"id":8292,"depth":87,"text":8293,"children":9606},[9607,9608,9609,9610],{"id":8302,"depth":102,"text":8303},{"id":8398,"depth":102,"text":8399},{"id":8483,"depth":102,"text":8484},{"id":8556,"depth":102,"text":8557},{"id":8644,"depth":87,"text":8645,"children":9612},[9613,9615],{"id":8657,"depth":102,"text":9614},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8697,"depth":102,"text":9616},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8813,"depth":87,"text":8814},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":9619},[9620,9622,9623,9624],{"id":8982,"depth":102,"text":9621},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9079,"depth":102,"text":9080},{"id":9204,"depth":102,"text":9205},{"id":9311,"depth":102,"text":9625},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9403,"depth":87,"text":9404},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":9628},[9629,9630,9631,9632,9633],{"id":9517,"depth":102,"text":9518},{"id":9528,"depth":102,"text":9529},{"id":9536,"depth":102,"text":9537},{"id":9545,"depth":102,"text":9546},{"id":9554,"depth":102,"text":9555},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7506,"description":9635},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9642,"title":9643,"body":9644,"description":11836,"extension":2509,"meta":11837,"navigation":105,"path":11838,"seo":11839,"stem":11840,"__hash__":11841},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9645,"toc":11798},[9646,9652,9658,9665,9670,9681,9688,9797,9801,9870,9875,9880,9885,9888,9899,9904,9907,9918,9925,9927,9932,9936,9961,9965,9974,9978,10041,10045,10078,10082,10127,10131,10168,10172,10175,10231,10235,10280,10283,10288,10327,10331,10354,10357,10371,10384,10388,10393,10460,10464,10500,10503,10511,10514,10578,10582,10614,10620,10622,10682,10689,10692,10770,10774,10807,10811,10814,10858,10862,10898,10901,10918,10921,10924,10977,10980,10991,10998,11007,11010,11068,11072,11113,11120,11128,11134,11142,11154,11159,11170,11243,11246,11258,11274,11278,11283,11287,11289,11332,11338,11340,11403,11407,11410,11419,11424,11461,11465,11468,11476,11479,11518,11522,11525,11576,11580,11601,11608,11610,11616,11643,11646,11700,11703,11714,11716,11723,11731,11737,11742,11749,11752,11759,11766,11768,11795],[10,9647,13,9649,18],{"id":9648},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9650,9651],{},"dict()",[20,9653,9654,9655,9657],{},"The built-in ",[15,9656,9651],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9659,9660,9661,9664],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[37,9662,9663],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9666,9667,9669],{},[15,9668,9651],{}," is commonly used to:",[173,9671,9672,9675,9678],{},[176,9673,9674],{},"create an empty dictionary",[176,9676,9677],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[176,9679,9680],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9682,9683,9684,156],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[264,9685,9687],{"href":9686},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[47,9689,9691],{"className":49,"code":9690,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9692,9693,9728,9739,9743,9782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9694,9695,9698,9700,9703,9705,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9721,9723,9726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9696,9697],{"class":65},"data ",[56,9699,1217],{"class":827},[56,9701,9702],{"class":378}," dict",[56,9704,77],{"class":76},[56,9706,8201],{"class":9707},"s99_P",[56,9709,1217],{"class":827},[56,9711,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9713,5543],{"class":1020},[56,9715,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9717,306],{"class":76},[56,9719,9720],{"class":9707}," age",[56,9722,1217],{"class":827},[56,9724,9725],{"class":80},"25",[56,9727,99],{"class":76},[56,9729,9730,9732,9734,9737],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9731,373],{"class":72},[56,9733,77],{"class":76},[56,9735,9736],{"class":95},"data",[56,9738,99],{"class":76},[56,9740,9741],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,9742,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,9744,9745,9748,9750,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9766,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,9746,9747],{"class":65},"pairs ",[56,9749,1217],{"class":827},[56,9751,9752],{"class":76}," [(",[56,9754,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9756,264],{"class":1020},[56,9758,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9760,306],{"class":76},[56,9762,409],{"class":80},[56,9764,9765],{"class":76},"),",[56,9767,9768],{"class":76}," (",[56,9770,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9772,1234],{"class":1020},[56,9774,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9776,306],{"class":76},[56,9778,414],{"class":80},[56,9780,9781],{"class":76},")]\n",[56,9783,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9795],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,9785,373],{"class":72},[56,9787,77],{"class":76},[56,9789,9353],{"class":378},[56,9791,77],{"class":76},[56,9793,9794],{"class":95},"pairs",[56,9796,1635],{"class":76},[20,9798,9799],{},[37,9800,239],{},[47,9802,9804],{"className":49,"code":9803,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9805,9806,9842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9807,9808,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9832,9834,9836,9839],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9809,9810],{"class":76},"{",[56,9812,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9814,8201],{"class":1020},[56,9816,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9818,1045],{"class":76},[56,9820,3839],{"class":1016},[56,9822,5543],{"class":1020},[56,9824,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9826,306],{"class":76},[56,9828,3839],{"class":1016},[56,9830,9831],{"class":1020},"age",[56,9833,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9835,1045],{"class":76},[56,9837,9838],{"class":80}," 25",[56,9840,9841],{"class":76},"}\n",[56,9843,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9845,9810],{"class":76},[56,9847,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9849,264],{"class":1020},[56,9851,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9853,1045],{"class":76},[56,9855,409],{"class":80},[56,9857,306],{"class":76},[56,9859,3839],{"class":1016},[56,9861,1234],{"class":1020},[56,9863,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9865,1045],{"class":76},[56,9867,414],{"class":80},[56,9869,9841],{"class":76},[20,9871,2638,9872,9874],{},[15,9873,9651],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[42,9876,160,9878,163],{"id":9877},"what-dict-does",[15,9879,9651],{},[20,9881,9882,9884],{},[15,9883,9651],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9886,9887],{},"A dictionary:",[173,9889,9890,9893,9896],{},[176,9891,9892],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[176,9894,9895],{},"lets you look up values by key",[176,9897,9898],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9900,9901,9903],{},[15,9902,9651],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9905,9906],{},"Common uses include:",[173,9908,9909,9912,9915],{},[176,9910,9911],{},"making an empty dictionary",[176,9913,9914],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[176,9916,9917],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9919,9920,9921,156],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[264,9922,9924],{"href":9923},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[42,9926,2702],{"id":2701},[20,9928,9929,9931],{},[15,9930,9651],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[353,9933,9935],{"id":9934},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[47,9937,9939],{"className":49,"code":9938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9940,9941,9951],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9942,9943,9945,9947,9949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9944,9697],{"class":65},[56,9946,1217],{"class":827},[56,9948,9702],{"class":378},[56,9950,9174],{"class":76},[56,9952,9953,9955,9957,9959],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,9954,373],{"class":72},[56,9956,77],{"class":76},[56,9958,9736],{"class":95},[56,9960,99],{"class":76},[20,9962,9963],{},[37,9964,239],{},[47,9966,9968],{"className":49,"code":9967,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{}\n",[15,9969,9970],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9971,9972],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9973,9967],{"class":76},[353,9975,9977],{"id":9976},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[47,9979,9981],{"className":49,"code":9980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9982,9983,10017,10031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9984,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9986,9747],{"class":65},[56,9988,1217],{"class":827},[56,9990,9752],{"class":76},[56,9992,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9994,264],{"class":1020},[56,9996,3844],{"class":1016},[56,9998,306],{"class":76},[56,10000,409],{"class":80},[56,10002,9765],{"class":76},[56,10004,9768],{"class":76},[56,10006,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10008,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10010,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10012,306],{"class":76},[56,10014,414],{"class":80},[56,10016,9781],{"class":76},[56,10018,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10020,9697],{"class":65},[56,10022,1217],{"class":827},[56,10024,9702],{"class":378},[56,10026,77],{"class":76},[56,10028,9794],{"class":95},[56,10030,99],{"class":76},[56,10032,10033,10035,10037,10039],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10034,373],{"class":72},[56,10036,77],{"class":76},[56,10038,9736],{"class":95},[56,10040,99],{"class":76},[20,10042,10043],{},[37,10044,239],{},[47,10046,10048],{"className":49,"code":10047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10049,10050],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10051,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10053,9810],{"class":76},[56,10055,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10057,264],{"class":1020},[56,10059,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10061,1045],{"class":76},[56,10063,409],{"class":80},[56,10065,306],{"class":76},[56,10067,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10069,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10071,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10073,1045],{"class":76},[56,10075,414],{"class":80},[56,10077,9841],{"class":76},[353,10079,10081],{"id":10080},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[47,10083,10085],{"className":49,"code":10084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10086,10087,10117],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10088,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10090,9697],{"class":65},[56,10092,1217],{"class":827},[56,10094,9702],{"class":378},[56,10096,77],{"class":76},[56,10098,8201],{"class":9707},[56,10100,1217],{"class":827},[56,10102,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10104,5543],{"class":1020},[56,10106,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10108,306],{"class":76},[56,10110,9720],{"class":9707},[56,10112,1217],{"class":827},[56,10114,9725],{"class":80},[56,10116,99],{"class":76},[56,10118,10119,10121,10123,10125],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10120,373],{"class":72},[56,10122,77],{"class":76},[56,10124,9736],{"class":95},[56,10126,99],{"class":76},[20,10128,10129],{},[37,10130,239],{},[47,10132,10134],{"className":49,"code":10133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10135,10136],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10137,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10139,9810],{"class":76},[56,10141,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10143,8201],{"class":1020},[56,10145,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10147,1045],{"class":76},[56,10149,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10151,5543],{"class":1020},[56,10153,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10155,306],{"class":76},[56,10157,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10159,9831],{"class":1020},[56,10161,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10163,1045],{"class":76},[56,10165,9838],{"class":80},[56,10167,9841],{"class":76},[353,10169,10171],{"id":10170},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10173,10174],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[47,10176,10178],{"className":49,"code":10177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10179,10180,10221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10181,10182,10184,10186,10188,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10215,10217,10219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10183,9697],{"class":65},[56,10185,1217],{"class":827},[56,10187,9702],{"class":378},[56,10189,10190],{"class":76},"([(",[56,10192,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10194,264],{"class":1020},[56,10196,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10198,306],{"class":76},[56,10200,409],{"class":80},[56,10202,10203],{"class":76},")],",[56,10205,3103],{"class":9707},[56,10207,1217],{"class":827},[56,10209,463],{"class":80},[56,10211,306],{"class":76},[56,10213,10214],{"class":9707}," c",[56,10216,1217],{"class":827},[56,10218,223],{"class":80},[56,10220,99],{"class":76},[56,10222,10223,10225,10227,10229],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10224,373],{"class":72},[56,10226,77],{"class":76},[56,10228,9736],{"class":95},[56,10230,99],{"class":76},[20,10232,10233],{},[37,10234,239],{},[47,10236,10238],{"className":49,"code":10237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10239,10240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10241,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10243,9810],{"class":76},[56,10245,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10247,264],{"class":1020},[56,10249,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10251,1045],{"class":76},[56,10253,409],{"class":80},[56,10255,306],{"class":76},[56,10257,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10259,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10261,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10263,1045],{"class":76},[56,10265,414],{"class":80},[56,10267,306],{"class":76},[56,10269,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10271,1243],{"class":1020},[56,10273,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10275,1045],{"class":76},[56,10277,419],{"class":80},[56,10279,9841],{"class":76},[42,10281,9935],{"id":10282},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10284,2638,10285,10287],{},[15,10286,9651],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[47,10289,10291],{"className":49,"code":10290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10292,10293,10303,10317],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10294,10295,10297,10299,10301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10296,9697],{"class":65},[56,10298,1217],{"class":827},[56,10300,9702],{"class":378},[56,10302,9174],{"class":76},[56,10304,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10306,373],{"class":72},[56,10308,77],{"class":76},[56,10310,2312],{"class":378},[56,10312,77],{"class":76},[56,10314,9736],{"class":95},[56,10316,1635],{"class":76},[56,10318,10319,10321,10323,10325],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10320,373],{"class":72},[56,10322,77],{"class":76},[56,10324,9736],{"class":95},[56,10326,99],{"class":76},[20,10328,10329],{},[37,10330,239],{},[47,10332,10334],{"className":49,"code":10333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10335,10336,10350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10337,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10339,3833],{"class":827},[56,10341,3836],{"class":2610},[56,10343,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10345,9353],{"class":1020},[56,10347,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10349,3847],{"class":827},[56,10351,10352],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10353,9967],{"class":76},[20,10355,10356],{},"This gives the same result as:",[47,10358,10360],{"className":49,"code":10359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n",[15,10361,10362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10363,10364,10366,10368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10365,9697],{"class":65},[56,10367,1217],{"class":827},[56,10369,10370],{"class":76}," {}\n",[20,10372,10373,10374,10376,10377,10380,10381,10383],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10375,4333],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10378,10379],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10382,9651],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[42,10385,10387],{"id":10386},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10389,10390,10391,156],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10392,9651],{},[47,10394,10396],{"className":49,"code":10395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10397,10398,10436,10450],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10399,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10401,9747],{"class":65},[56,10403,1217],{"class":827},[56,10405,9752],{"class":76},[56,10407,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10409,8201],{"class":1020},[56,10411,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10413,306],{"class":76},[56,10415,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10417,5543],{"class":1020},[56,10419,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10421,9765],{"class":76},[56,10423,9768],{"class":76},[56,10425,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10427,9831],{"class":1020},[56,10429,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10431,306],{"class":76},[56,10433,9838],{"class":80},[56,10435,9781],{"class":76},[56,10437,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10439,9697],{"class":65},[56,10441,1217],{"class":827},[56,10443,9702],{"class":378},[56,10445,77],{"class":76},[56,10447,9794],{"class":95},[56,10449,99],{"class":76},[56,10451,10452,10454,10456,10458],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10453,373],{"class":72},[56,10455,77],{"class":76},[56,10457,9736],{"class":95},[56,10459,99],{"class":76},[20,10461,10462],{},[37,10463,239],{},[47,10465,10466],{"className":49,"code":10133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10467,10468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10469,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10471,9810],{"class":76},[56,10473,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10475,8201],{"class":1020},[56,10477,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10479,1045],{"class":76},[56,10481,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10483,5543],{"class":1020},[56,10485,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10487,306],{"class":76},[56,10489,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10491,9831],{"class":1020},[56,10493,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10495,1045],{"class":76},[56,10497,9838],{"class":80},[56,10499,9841],{"class":76},[20,10501,10502],{},"Each pair becomes:",[173,10504,10505,10508],{},[176,10506,10507],{},"the first item as the key",[176,10509,10510],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10512,10513],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[47,10515,10517],{"className":49,"code":10516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10518,10519,10554,10568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10520,10521,10523,10525,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10522,9747],{"class":65},[56,10524,1217],{"class":827},[56,10526,10527],{"class":76}," ((",[56,10529,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10531,264],{"class":1020},[56,10533,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10535,306],{"class":76},[56,10537,409],{"class":80},[56,10539,9765],{"class":76},[56,10541,9768],{"class":76},[56,10543,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10545,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10547,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10549,306],{"class":76},[56,10551,414],{"class":80},[56,10553,1635],{"class":76},[56,10555,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10557,9697],{"class":65},[56,10559,1217],{"class":827},[56,10561,9702],{"class":378},[56,10563,77],{"class":76},[56,10565,9794],{"class":95},[56,10567,99],{"class":76},[56,10569,10570,10572,10574,10576],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10571,373],{"class":72},[56,10573,77],{"class":76},[56,10575,9736],{"class":95},[56,10577,99],{"class":76},[20,10579,10580],{},[37,10581,239],{},[47,10583,10584],{"className":49,"code":10047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10585,10586],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10587,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10589,9810],{"class":76},[56,10591,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10593,264],{"class":1020},[56,10595,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10597,1045],{"class":76},[56,10599,409],{"class":80},[56,10601,306],{"class":76},[56,10603,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10605,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10607,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10609,1045],{"class":76},[56,10611,414],{"class":80},[56,10613,9841],{"class":76},[20,10615,10616,10617,156],{},"Each item must contain ",[37,10618,10619],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10621,924],{},[47,10623,10625],{"className":49,"code":10624,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10626,10627,10667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10628,10629,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10630,10631],{"class":65},"bad_data ",[56,10633,1217],{"class":827},[56,10635,9752],{"class":76},[56,10637,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10639,264],{"class":1020},[56,10641,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10643,306],{"class":76},[56,10645,409],{"class":80},[56,10647,306],{"class":76},[56,10649,10650],{"class":80}," 100",[56,10652,9765],{"class":76},[56,10654,9768],{"class":76},[56,10656,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10658,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10660,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10662,306],{"class":76},[56,10664,414],{"class":80},[56,10666,9781],{"class":76},[56,10668,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10680],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10670,2775],{"class":65},[56,10672,1217],{"class":827},[56,10674,9702],{"class":378},[56,10676,77],{"class":76},[56,10678,10679],{"class":95},"bad_data",[56,10681,99],{"class":76},[20,10683,10684,10685,10688],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10686,10687],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10690,10691],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[47,10693,10695],{"className":49,"code":10694,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10696,10697,10746,10760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10698,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10700,9747],{"class":65},[56,10702,1217],{"class":827},[56,10704,9752],{"class":76},[56,10706,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10708,264],{"class":1020},[56,10710,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10712,306],{"class":76},[56,10714,409],{"class":80},[56,10716,9765],{"class":76},[56,10718,9768],{"class":76},[56,10720,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10722,264],{"class":1020},[56,10724,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10726,306],{"class":76},[56,10728,10729],{"class":80}," 99",[56,10731,9765],{"class":76},[56,10733,9768],{"class":76},[56,10735,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10737,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10739,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10741,306],{"class":76},[56,10743,414],{"class":80},[56,10745,9781],{"class":76},[56,10747,10748,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10749,9697],{"class":65},[56,10751,1217],{"class":827},[56,10753,9702],{"class":378},[56,10755,77],{"class":76},[56,10757,9794],{"class":95},[56,10759,99],{"class":76},[56,10761,10762,10764,10766,10768],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10763,373],{"class":72},[56,10765,77],{"class":76},[56,10767,9736],{"class":95},[56,10769,99],{"class":76},[20,10771,10772],{},[37,10773,239],{},[47,10775,10777],{"className":49,"code":10776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10778,10779],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10780,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10782,9810],{"class":76},[56,10784,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10786,264],{"class":1020},[56,10788,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10790,1045],{"class":76},[56,10792,10729],{"class":80},[56,10794,306],{"class":76},[56,10796,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10798,1234],{"class":1020},[56,10800,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10802,1045],{"class":76},[56,10804,414],{"class":80},[56,10806,9841],{"class":76},[42,10808,10810],{"id":10809},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10812,10813],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[47,10815,10816],{"className":49,"code":10084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10817,10818,10848],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10819,10820,10822,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10821,9697],{"class":65},[56,10823,1217],{"class":827},[56,10825,9702],{"class":378},[56,10827,77],{"class":76},[56,10829,8201],{"class":9707},[56,10831,1217],{"class":827},[56,10833,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10835,5543],{"class":1020},[56,10837,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10839,306],{"class":76},[56,10841,9720],{"class":9707},[56,10843,1217],{"class":827},[56,10845,9725],{"class":80},[56,10847,99],{"class":76},[56,10849,10850,10852,10854,10856],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10851,373],{"class":72},[56,10853,77],{"class":76},[56,10855,9736],{"class":95},[56,10857,99],{"class":76},[20,10859,10860],{},[37,10861,239],{},[47,10863,10864],{"className":49,"code":10133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10865,10866],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10867,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10869,9810],{"class":76},[56,10871,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10873,8201],{"class":1020},[56,10875,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10877,1045],{"class":76},[56,10879,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10881,5543],{"class":1020},[56,10883,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10885,306],{"class":76},[56,10887,3839],{"class":1016},[56,10889,9831],{"class":1020},[56,10891,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10893,1045],{"class":76},[56,10895,9838],{"class":80},[56,10897,9841],{"class":76},[20,10899,10900],{},"In this form:",[173,10902,10903,10911],{},[176,10904,10905,10907,10908],{},[15,10906,8201],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10909,10910],{},"'name'",[176,10912,10913,10907,10915],{},[15,10914,9831],{},[15,10916,10917],{},"'age'",[20,10919,10920],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10922,10923],{},"Valid examples:",[47,10925,10927],{"className":49,"code":10926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10928,10929,10967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10930,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10942,10944,10946,10949,10951,10953,10956,10958,10960,10963,10965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10932,9697],{"class":65},[56,10934,1217],{"class":827},[56,10936,9702],{"class":378},[56,10938,77],{"class":76},[56,10940,10941],{"class":9707},"city",[56,10943,1217],{"class":827},[56,10945,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10947,10948],{"class":1020},"Paris",[56,10950,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10952,306],{"class":76},[56,10954,10955],{"class":9707}," country",[56,10957,1217],{"class":827},[56,10959,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10961,10962],{"class":1020},"France",[56,10964,3844],{"class":1016},[56,10966,99],{"class":76},[56,10968,10969,10971,10973,10975],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,10970,373],{"class":72},[56,10972,77],{"class":76},[56,10974,9736],{"class":95},[56,10976,99],{"class":76},[20,10978,10979],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[173,10981,10982,10985,10988],{},[176,10983,10984],{},"spaces",[176,10986,10987],{},"hyphens",[176,10989,10990],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10992,10993,10994,10997],{},"For example, this is ",[37,10995,10996],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[47,10999,11001],{"className":49,"code":11000,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11002,11003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11004,11005],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11006,11000],{"class":112},[20,11008,11009],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[47,11011,11013],{"className":49,"code":11012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11014,11015,11058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11016,11017,11019,11021,11024,11026,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11018,9697],{"class":65},[56,11020,1217],{"class":827},[56,11022,11023],{"class":76}," {",[56,11025,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11027,11028],{"class":1020},"first-name",[56,11030,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11032,1045],{"class":76},[56,11034,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11036,8210],{"class":1020},[56,11038,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11040,306],{"class":76},[56,11042,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11044,11045],{"class":1020},"first name",[56,11047,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11049,1045],{"class":76},[56,11051,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11053,8210],{"class":1020},[56,11055,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11057,9841],{"class":76},[56,11059,11060,11062,11064,11066],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11061,373],{"class":72},[56,11063,77],{"class":76},[56,11065,9736],{"class":95},[56,11067,99],{"class":76},[20,11069,11070],{},[37,11071,239],{},[47,11073,11075],{"className":49,"code":11074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11076,11077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11078,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11080,9810],{"class":76},[56,11082,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11084,11028],{"class":1020},[56,11086,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11088,1045],{"class":76},[56,11090,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11092,8210],{"class":1020},[56,11094,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11096,306],{"class":76},[56,11098,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11100,11045],{"class":1020},[56,11102,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11104,1045],{"class":76},[56,11106,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11108,8210],{"class":1020},[56,11110,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11112,9841],{"class":76},[42,11114,11116,1682,11118],{"id":11115},"dict-vs",[15,11117,9651],{},[15,11119,4333],{},[20,11121,11122,11123,4935,11125,11127],{},"Both ",[15,11124,9651],{},[15,11126,4333],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[353,11129,2638,11131,11133],{"id":11130},"use-when",[15,11132,4333],{}," when:",[173,11135,11136,11139],{},[176,11137,11138],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[176,11140,11141],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[47,11143,11144],{"className":49,"code":10359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,11145,11146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11147,11148,11150,11152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11149,9697],{"class":65},[56,11151,1217],{"class":827},[56,11153,10370],{"class":76},[353,11155,2638,11157,11133],{"id":11156},"use-dict-when",[15,11158,9651],{},[173,11160,11161,11164,11167],{},[176,11162,11163],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[176,11165,11166],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[176,11168,11169],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[47,11171,11173],{"className":49,"code":11172,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11174,11175,11212],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11176,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11178,9697],{"class":65},[56,11180,1217],{"class":827},[56,11182,9702],{"class":378},[56,11184,10190],{"class":76},[56,11186,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11188,264],{"class":1020},[56,11190,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11192,306],{"class":76},[56,11194,409],{"class":80},[56,11196,9765],{"class":76},[56,11198,9768],{"class":76},[56,11200,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11202,1234],{"class":1020},[56,11204,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11206,306],{"class":76},[56,11208,414],{"class":80},[56,11210,11211],{"class":76},")])\n",[56,11213,11214,11217,11219,11221,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11215,11216],{"class":65},"info ",[56,11218,1217],{"class":827},[56,11220,9702],{"class":378},[56,11222,77],{"class":76},[56,11224,8201],{"class":9707},[56,11226,1217],{"class":827},[56,11228,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11230,5543],{"class":1020},[56,11232,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11234,306],{"class":76},[56,11236,9720],{"class":9707},[56,11238,1217],{"class":827},[56,11240,9725],{"class":80},[56,11242,99],{"class":76},[20,11244,11245],{},"So:",[173,11247,11248,11253],{},[176,11249,11250,11252],{},[15,11251,4333],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[176,11254,11255,11257],{},[15,11256,9651],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11259,11260,11261,11265,11266,156],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[264,11262,11264],{"href":11263},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[264,11267,11269,11270,11273],{"href":11268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11271,11272],{},"get()"," method",[42,11275,11277],{"id":11276},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11279,11280,11281,156],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11282,9651],{},[353,11284,11286],{"id":11285},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11288,5066],{},[47,11290,11292],{"className":49,"code":11291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11293,11294,11318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11295,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11297,1214],{"class":65},[56,11299,1217],{"class":827},[56,11301,1220],{"class":76},[56,11303,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11305,264],{"class":1020},[56,11307,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11309,306],{"class":76},[56,11311,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11313,1234],{"class":1020},[56,11315,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11317,427],{"class":76},[56,11319,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11321,9697],{"class":65},[56,11323,1217],{"class":827},[56,11325,9702],{"class":378},[56,11327,77],{"class":76},[56,11329,1271],{"class":95},[56,11331,99],{"class":76},[20,11333,11334,11335,156],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11336,11337],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11339,1937],{},[47,11341,11343],{"className":49,"code":11342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11344,11345,11379,11393],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11346,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369,11371,11373,11375,11377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11348,1214],{"class":65},[56,11350,1217],{"class":827},[56,11352,9752],{"class":76},[56,11354,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11356,264],{"class":1020},[56,11358,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11360,306],{"class":76},[56,11362,409],{"class":80},[56,11364,9765],{"class":76},[56,11366,9768],{"class":76},[56,11368,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11370,1234],{"class":1020},[56,11372,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11374,306],{"class":76},[56,11376,414],{"class":80},[56,11378,9781],{"class":76},[56,11380,11381,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11382,9697],{"class":65},[56,11384,1217],{"class":827},[56,11386,9702],{"class":378},[56,11388,77],{"class":76},[56,11390,1271],{"class":95},[56,11392,99],{"class":76},[56,11394,11395,11397,11399,11401],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11396,373],{"class":72},[56,11398,77],{"class":76},[56,11400,9736],{"class":95},[56,11402,99],{"class":76},[353,11404,11406],{"id":11405},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11408,11409],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[47,11411,11413],{"className":49,"code":11412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11414,11415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11416,11417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11418,11412],{"class":112},[20,11420,11421,11422,1045],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11423,1217],{},[47,11425,11427],{"className":49,"code":11426,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11428,11429,11451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11430,11431,11433,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11449],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11432,9697],{"class":65},[56,11434,1217],{"class":827},[56,11436,9702],{"class":378},[56,11438,77],{"class":76},[56,11440,8201],{"class":9707},[56,11442,1217],{"class":827},[56,11444,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11446,5543],{"class":1020},[56,11448,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11450,99],{"class":76},[56,11452,11453,11455,11457,11459],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11454,373],{"class":72},[56,11456,77],{"class":76},[56,11458,9736],{"class":95},[56,11460,99],{"class":76},[353,11462,11464],{"id":11463},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11466,11467],{},"This will not work:",[47,11469,11470],{"className":49,"code":11000,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,11471,11472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11473,11474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11475,11000],{"class":112},[20,11477,11478],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[47,11480,11482],{"className":49,"code":11481,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11483,11484,11508],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11485,11486,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11487,9697],{"class":65},[56,11489,1217],{"class":827},[56,11491,11023],{"class":76},[56,11493,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11495,11028],{"class":1020},[56,11497,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11499,1045],{"class":76},[56,11501,3839],{"class":1016},[56,11503,8210],{"class":1020},[56,11505,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11507,9841],{"class":76},[56,11509,11510,11512,11514,11516],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11511,373],{"class":72},[56,11513,77],{"class":76},[56,11515,9736],{"class":95},[56,11517,99],{"class":76},[353,11519,11521],{"id":11520},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11523,11524],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[47,11526,11528],{"className":49,"code":11527,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11529,11530,11566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11531,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11533,9697],{"class":65},[56,11535,1217],{"class":827},[56,11537,9702],{"class":378},[56,11539,10190],{"class":76},[56,11541,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11543,2719],{"class":1020},[56,11545,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11547,306],{"class":76},[56,11549,409],{"class":80},[56,11551,9765],{"class":76},[56,11553,9768],{"class":76},[56,11555,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11557,2719],{"class":1020},[56,11559,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11561,306],{"class":76},[56,11563,414],{"class":80},[56,11565,11211],{"class":76},[56,11567,11568,11570,11572,11574],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11569,373],{"class":72},[56,11571,77],{"class":76},[56,11573,9736],{"class":95},[56,11575,99],{"class":76},[20,11577,11578],{},[37,11579,239],{},[47,11581,11583],{"className":49,"code":11582,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11584,11585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11586,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11588,9810],{"class":76},[56,11590,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11592,2719],{"class":1020},[56,11594,3844],{"class":1016},[56,11596,1045],{"class":76},[56,11598,414],{"class":80},[56,11600,9841],{"class":76},[20,11602,11603,11604,156],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[264,11605,11607],{"href":11606},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[42,11609,3374],{"id":3373},[20,11611,11612,11613,11615],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11614,9651],{}," include:",[173,11617,11618,11628,11634,11637],{},[176,11619,11620,11621,11624,11625],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11622,11623],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11626,11627],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[176,11629,11630,11631],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11632,11633],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[176,11635,11636],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[176,11638,11639,11640,11642],{},"confusing ",[15,11641,9651],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11644,11645],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[47,11647,11649],{"className":49,"code":11648,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11650,11651,11665,11675,11686],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11652,11653,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11654,373],{"class":72},[56,11656,77],{"class":76},[56,11658,2312],{"class":378},[56,11660,77],{"class":76},[56,11662,9736],{"class":95},[56,11664,1635],{"class":76},[56,11666,11667,11669,11671,11673],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11668,373],{"class":72},[56,11670,77],{"class":76},[56,11672,9736],{"class":95},[56,11674,99],{"class":76},[56,11676,11677,11679,11681,11684],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11678,373],{"class":72},[56,11680,77],{"class":76},[56,11682,11683],{"class":95},"list_of_pairs",[56,11685,99],{"class":76},[56,11687,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,11689,373],{"class":72},[56,11691,77],{"class":76},[56,11693,1266],{"class":72},[56,11695,77],{"class":76},[56,11697,11683],{"class":95},[56,11699,1635],{"class":76},[20,11701,11702],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[173,11704,11705,11708,11711],{},[176,11706,11707],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[176,11709,11710],{},"what data is being passed in",[176,11712,11713],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[42,11715,2343],{"id":2342},[353,11717,5718,11719,4935,11721,2363],{"id":11718},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11720,9651],{},[15,11722,4333],{},[20,11724,11725,11727,11728,11730],{},[15,11726,4333],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11729,9651],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[353,11732,2372,11734,11736],{"id":11733},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11735,9651],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11738,11739,11740,156],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11741,11627],{},[353,11743,2357,11745,11748],{"id":11744},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11746,11747],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11750,11751],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[353,11753,11755,11756,11758],{"id":11754},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11757,9651],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11760,11761,11762,11765],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11763,11764],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[42,11767,2417],{"id":2416},[173,11769,11770,11775,11779,11784,11790],{},[176,11771,11772],{},[264,11773,11774],{"href":9923},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[176,11776,11777],{},[264,11778,9687],{"href":9686},[176,11780,11781],{},[264,11782,11783],{"href":11263},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[176,11785,11786],{},[264,11787,11269,11788,11273],{"href":11268},[15,11789,11272],{},[176,11791,11792],{},[264,11793,11794],{"href":11606},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2451,11796,11797],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":11799},[11800,11802,11808,11809,11810,11811,11818,11824,11825,11835],{"id":9877,"depth":87,"text":11801},"What dict() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":11803},[11804,11805,11806,11807],{"id":9934,"depth":102,"text":9935},{"id":9976,"depth":102,"text":9977},{"id":10080,"depth":102,"text":10081},{"id":10170,"depth":102,"text":10171},{"id":10282,"depth":87,"text":9935},{"id":10386,"depth":87,"text":10387},{"id":10809,"depth":87,"text":10810},{"id":11115,"depth":87,"text":11812,"children":11813},"dict() vs {}",[11814,11816],{"id":11130,"depth":102,"text":11815},"Use {} when:",{"id":11156,"depth":102,"text":11817},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11276,"depth":87,"text":11277,"children":11819},[11820,11821,11822,11823],{"id":11285,"depth":102,"text":11286},{"id":11405,"depth":102,"text":11406},{"id":11463,"depth":102,"text":11464},{"id":11520,"depth":102,"text":11521},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":11826},[11827,11829,11831,11833],{"id":11718,"depth":102,"text":11828},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11733,"depth":102,"text":11830},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11744,"depth":102,"text":11832},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11754,"depth":102,"text":11834},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9643,"description":11836},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11843,"title":11844,"body":11845,"description":13355,"extension":2509,"meta":13356,"navigation":105,"path":13357,"seo":13358,"stem":13359,"__hash__":13360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11846,"toc":13324},[11847,11855,11861,11868,11870,11931,11936,11941,11946,11964,11967,11971,11973,11989,11992,12005,12009,12012,12146,12148,12215,12218,12234,12240,12246,12249,12331,12333,12347,12351,12357,12422,12424,12432,12435,12458,12464,12527,12533,12536,12550,12563,12567,12578,12583,12594,12601,12605,12611,12732,12734,12760,12763,12780,12783,12894,12896,12945,12947,12960,12969,12974,12979,12990,12992,13095,13118,13120,13124,13143,13146,13204,13207,13233,13235,13241,13244,13250,13254,13261,13269,13275,13278,13280,13321],[10,11848,11850,11851,11854],{"id":11849},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11852,11853],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11856,11857,11860],{},[15,11858,11859],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11862,11863,11864,11867],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[37,11865,11866],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[42,11869,45],{"id":44},[47,11871,11873],{"className":49,"code":11872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11874,11875,11907,11918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11876,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899,11901,11903,11905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11878,9697],{"class":65},[56,11880,1217],{"class":827},[56,11882,11023],{"class":76},[56,11884,1017],{"class":1016},[56,11886,264],{"class":1020},[56,11888,1017],{"class":1016},[56,11890,1045],{"class":76},[56,11892,409],{"class":80},[56,11894,306],{"class":76},[56,11896,1231],{"class":1016},[56,11898,1234],{"class":1020},[56,11900,1017],{"class":1016},[56,11902,1045],{"class":76},[56,11904,414],{"class":80},[56,11906,9841],{"class":76},[56,11908,11909,11911,11913,11916],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,11910,9736],{"class":65},[56,11912,156],{"class":76},[56,11914,11915],{"class":95},"clear",[56,11917,9174],{"class":76},[56,11919,11920,11922,11924,11926,11928],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11921,373],{"class":72},[56,11923,77],{"class":76},[56,11925,9736],{"class":95},[56,11927,4202],{"class":76},[56,11929,11930],{"class":112},"  # {}\n",[20,11932,11933,11935],{},[15,11934,11853],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[42,11937,160,11939,163],{"id":11938},"what-clear-does",[15,11940,11853],{},[20,11942,2526,11943,11945],{},[15,11944,11853],{}," method:",[173,11947,11948,11951,11954,11959],{},[176,11949,11950],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[176,11952,11953],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[176,11955,11956,11957],{},"Returns ",[15,11958,4319],{},[176,11960,11961,11962],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11963,4333],{},[20,11965,11966],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11968,9683,11969,156],{},[264,11970,9687],{"href":9686},[42,11972,2702],{"id":2701},[47,11974,11976],{"className":49,"code":11975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11977,11978],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11979,11980,11983,11985,11987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11981,11982],{"class":65},"my_dict",[56,11984,156],{"class":76},[56,11986,11915],{"class":95},[56,11988,9174],{"class":76},[20,11990,11991],{},"Important points:",[173,11993,11994,11999,12002],{},[176,11995,11996,11998],{},[15,11997,11853],{}," takes no arguments",[176,12000,12001],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[176,12003,12004],{},"It empties that dictionary",[42,12006,12008],{"id":12007},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,12010,12011],{},"Here is a basic example:",[47,12013,12015],{"className":49,"code":12014,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12016,12017,12027,12048,12062,12079,12083,12087,12107,12111,12122,12126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12018,12019,12022,12024],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12020,12021],{"class":65},"user ",[56,12023,1217],{"class":827},[56,12025,12026],{"class":76}," {\n",[56,12028,12029,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040,12043,12045],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12030,12031],{"class":1016},"    \"",[56,12033,8201],{"class":1020},[56,12035,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12037,1045],{"class":76},[56,12039,1231],{"class":1016},[56,12041,12042],{"class":1020},"Maya",[56,12044,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12046,12047],{"class":76},",\n",[56,12049,12050,12052,12054,12056,12058,12060],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12051,12031],{"class":1016},[56,12053,9831],{"class":1020},[56,12055,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12057,1045],{"class":76},[56,12059,9838],{"class":80},[56,12061,12047],{"class":76},[56,12063,12064,12066,12068,12070,12072,12074,12077],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,12065,12031],{"class":1016},[56,12067,10941],{"class":1020},[56,12069,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12071,1045],{"class":76},[56,12073,1231],{"class":1016},[56,12075,12076],{"class":1020},"Berlin",[56,12078,3903],{"class":1016},[56,12080,12081],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,12082,9841],{"class":76},[56,12084,12085],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,12086,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12088,12089,12091,12093,12095,12098,12100,12102,12105],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,12090,373],{"class":72},[56,12092,77],{"class":76},[56,12094,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12096,12097],{"class":1020},"Before:",[56,12099,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12101,306],{"class":76},[56,12103,12104],{"class":95}," user",[56,12106,99],{"class":76},[56,12108,12109],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,12110,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12112,12113,12116,12118,12120],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,12114,12115],{"class":65},"user",[56,12117,156],{"class":76},[56,12119,11915],{"class":95},[56,12121,9174],{"class":76},[56,12123,12124],{"class":58,"line":6967},[56,12125,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12127,12129,12131,12133,12135,12138,12140,12142,12144],{"class":58,"line":12128},11,[56,12130,373],{"class":72},[56,12132,77],{"class":76},[56,12134,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12136,12137],{"class":1020},"After:",[56,12139,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12141,306],{"class":76},[56,12143,12104],{"class":95},[56,12145,99],{"class":76},[20,12147,6098],{},[47,12149,12151],{"className":49,"code":12150,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12152,12153,12206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12154,12155,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188,12190,12192,12194,12196,12198,12200,12202,12204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12156,12157],{"class":65},"Before",[56,12159,1045],{"class":76},[56,12161,11023],{"class":76},[56,12163,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12165,8201],{"class":1020},[56,12167,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12169,1045],{"class":76},[56,12171,3839],{"class":1016},[56,12173,12042],{"class":1020},[56,12175,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12177,306],{"class":76},[56,12179,3839],{"class":1016},[56,12181,9831],{"class":1020},[56,12183,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12185,1045],{"class":76},[56,12187,9838],{"class":80},[56,12189,306],{"class":76},[56,12191,3839],{"class":1016},[56,12193,10941],{"class":1020},[56,12195,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12197,1045],{"class":76},[56,12199,3839],{"class":1016},[56,12201,12076],{"class":1020},[56,12203,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12205,9841],{"class":76},[56,12207,12208,12211,12213],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12209,12210],{"class":65},"After",[56,12212,1045],{"class":76},[56,12214,10370],{"class":76},[20,12216,12217],{},"What happens here:",[173,12219,12220,12225,12231],{},[176,12221,12222,12224],{},[15,12223,12115],{}," starts with three items",[176,12226,12227,12230],{},[15,12228,12229],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[176,12232,12233],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[42,12235,160,12237,12239],{"id":12236},"what-clear-returns",[15,12238,11853],{}," returns",[20,12241,12242,2942,12244,156],{},[15,12243,11853],{},[15,12245,4319],{},[20,12247,12248],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[47,12250,12252],{"className":49,"code":12251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12253,12254,12288,12292,12307,12311,12321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12255,12256,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12280,12282,12284,12286],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12257,12258],{"class":65},"my_dict ",[56,12260,1217],{"class":827},[56,12262,11023],{"class":76},[56,12264,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12266,2719],{"class":1020},[56,12268,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12270,1045],{"class":76},[56,12272,409],{"class":80},[56,12274,306],{"class":76},[56,12276,1231],{"class":1016},[56,12278,12279],{"class":1020},"y",[56,12281,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12283,1045],{"class":76},[56,12285,414],{"class":80},[56,12287,9841],{"class":76},[56,12289,12290],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12291,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12293,12294,12296,12298,12301,12303,12305],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12295,2775],{"class":65},[56,12297,1217],{"class":827},[56,12299,12300],{"class":65}," my_dict",[56,12302,156],{"class":76},[56,12304,11915],{"class":95},[56,12306,9174],{"class":76},[56,12308,12309],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,12310,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12312,12313,12315,12317,12319],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,12314,373],{"class":72},[56,12316,77],{"class":76},[56,12318,2809],{"class":95},[56,12320,99],{"class":76},[56,12322,12323,12325,12327,12329],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,12324,373],{"class":72},[56,12326,77],{"class":76},[56,12328,11982],{"class":95},[56,12330,99],{"class":76},[20,12332,239],{},[47,12334,12336],{"className":49,"code":12335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n{}\n",[15,12337,12338,12343],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12339,12340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12341,12342],{"class":4393},"None\n",[56,12344,12345],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12346,9967],{"class":76},[353,12348,12350],{"id":12349},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12352,12353,12354,12356],{},"Do ",[37,12355,5170],{}," do this:",[47,12358,12360],{"className":49,"code":12359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12361,12362,12394,12408,12412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12363,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388,12390,12392],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12365,12258],{"class":65},[56,12367,1217],{"class":827},[56,12369,11023],{"class":76},[56,12371,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12373,2719],{"class":1020},[56,12375,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12377,1045],{"class":76},[56,12379,409],{"class":80},[56,12381,306],{"class":76},[56,12383,1231],{"class":1016},[56,12385,12279],{"class":1020},[56,12387,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12389,1045],{"class":76},[56,12391,414],{"class":80},[56,12393,9841],{"class":76},[56,12395,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12397,12258],{"class":65},[56,12399,1217],{"class":827},[56,12401,12300],{"class":65},[56,12403,156],{"class":76},[56,12405,11915],{"class":95},[56,12407,9174],{"class":76},[56,12409,12410],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12411,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12413,12414,12416,12418,12420],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,12415,373],{"class":72},[56,12417,77],{"class":76},[56,12419,11982],{"class":95},[56,12421,99],{"class":76},[20,12423,239],{},[47,12425,12426],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,12427,12428],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12429,12430],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12431,12342],{"class":4393},[20,12433,12434],{},"Why this happens:",[173,12436,12437,12443,12448],{},[176,12438,12439,12442],{},[15,12440,12441],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[176,12444,12445,12446],{},"The method returns ",[15,12447,4319],{},[176,12449,12450,12451,12454,12455,12457],{},"Then ",[15,12452,12453],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12456,4319],{}," in the variable",[20,12459,12460,12461,12463],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12462,11853],{}," by itself:",[47,12465,12467],{"className":49,"code":12466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12468,12469,12501,12511,12515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12470,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497,12499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12472,12258],{"class":65},[56,12474,1217],{"class":827},[56,12476,11023],{"class":76},[56,12478,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12480,2719],{"class":1020},[56,12482,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12484,1045],{"class":76},[56,12486,409],{"class":80},[56,12488,306],{"class":76},[56,12490,1231],{"class":1016},[56,12492,12279],{"class":1020},[56,12494,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12496,1045],{"class":76},[56,12498,414],{"class":80},[56,12500,9841],{"class":76},[56,12502,12503,12505,12507,12509],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12504,11982],{"class":65},[56,12506,156],{"class":76},[56,12508,11915],{"class":95},[56,12510,9174],{"class":76},[56,12512,12513],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12514,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12516,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,12518,373],{"class":72},[56,12520,77],{"class":76},[56,12522,11982],{"class":95},[56,12524,4202],{"class":76},[56,12526,11930],{"class":112},[42,12528,12530,12532],{"id":12529},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12531,11853],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12534,12535],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[47,12537,12538],{"className":49,"code":11975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,12539,12540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12541,12542,12544,12546,12548],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12543,11982],{"class":65},[56,12545,156],{"class":76},[56,12547,11915],{"class":95},[56,12549,9174],{"class":76},[47,12551,12553],{"className":49,"code":12552,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12554,12555],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12556,12557,12559,12561],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12558,12258],{"class":65},[56,12560,1217],{"class":827},[56,12562,10370],{"class":76},[353,12564,12565],{"id":11915},[15,12566,11853],{},[173,12568,12569,12572,12575],{},[176,12570,12571],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[176,12573,12574],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[176,12576,12577],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[353,12579,12580],{"id":11982},[15,12581,12582],{},"my_dict = {}",[173,12584,12585,12588,12591],{},[176,12586,12587],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[176,12589,12590],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[176,12592,12593],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12595,12596,12597,156],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[264,12598,12600],{"href":12599},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[42,12602,12604],{"id":12603},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12606,12607,12608,12610],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12609,11853],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[47,12612,12614],{"className":49,"code":12613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12615,12616,12649,12659,12663,12674,12678,12698,12718],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12617,12618,12621,12623,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12641,12643,12645,12647],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12619,12620],{"class":65},"original ",[56,12622,1217],{"class":827},[56,12624,11023],{"class":76},[56,12626,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12628,264],{"class":1020},[56,12630,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12632,1045],{"class":76},[56,12634,409],{"class":80},[56,12636,306],{"class":76},[56,12638,1231],{"class":1016},[56,12640,1234],{"class":1020},[56,12642,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12644,1045],{"class":76},[56,12646,414],{"class":80},[56,12648,9841],{"class":76},[56,12650,12651,12654,12656],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12652,12653],{"class":65},"other_ref ",[56,12655,1217],{"class":827},[56,12657,12658],{"class":65}," original\n",[56,12660,12661],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12662,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12664,12665,12668,12670,12672],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,12666,12667],{"class":65},"original",[56,12669,156],{"class":76},[56,12671,11915],{"class":95},[56,12673,9174],{"class":76},[56,12675,12676],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,12677,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12679,12680,12682,12684,12686,12689,12691,12693,12696],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,12681,373],{"class":72},[56,12683,77],{"class":76},[56,12685,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12687,12688],{"class":1020},"original:",[56,12690,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12692,306],{"class":76},[56,12694,12695],{"class":95}," original",[56,12697,99],{"class":76},[56,12699,12700,12702,12704,12706,12709,12711,12713,12716],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,12701,373],{"class":72},[56,12703,77],{"class":76},[56,12705,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12707,12708],{"class":1020},"other_ref:",[56,12710,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12712,306],{"class":76},[56,12714,12715],{"class":95}," other_ref",[56,12717,99],{"class":76},[56,12719,12720,12722,12724,12726,12728,12730],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,12721,373],{"class":72},[56,12723,77],{"class":76},[56,12725,12620],{"class":95},[56,12727,1176],{"class":62},[56,12729,12715],{"class":95},[56,12731,99],{"class":76},[20,12733,239],{},[47,12735,12737],{"className":49,"code":12736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12738,12739,12747,12756],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12740,12741,12743,12745],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12742,12667],{"class":65},[56,12744,1045],{"class":76},[56,12746,10370],{"class":76},[56,12748,12749,12752,12754],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12750,12751],{"class":65},"other_ref",[56,12753,1045],{"class":76},[56,12755,10370],{"class":76},[56,12757,12758],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12759,4519],{"class":4393},[20,12761,12762],{},"This shows:",[173,12764,12765,12772,12777],{},[176,12766,12767,4935,12769,12771],{},[15,12768,12667],{},[15,12770,12751],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[176,12773,12774,12776],{},[15,12775,11853],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[176,12778,12779],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12781,12782],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[47,12784,12786],{"className":49,"code":12785,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12787,12788,12820,12828,12832,12840,12844,12862,12880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12789,12790,12792,12794,12796,12798,12800,12802,12804,12806,12808,12810,12812,12814,12816,12818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12791,12620],{"class":65},[56,12793,1217],{"class":827},[56,12795,11023],{"class":76},[56,12797,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12799,264],{"class":1020},[56,12801,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12803,1045],{"class":76},[56,12805,409],{"class":80},[56,12807,306],{"class":76},[56,12809,1231],{"class":1016},[56,12811,1234],{"class":1020},[56,12813,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12815,1045],{"class":76},[56,12817,414],{"class":80},[56,12819,9841],{"class":76},[56,12821,12822,12824,12826],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12823,12653],{"class":65},[56,12825,1217],{"class":827},[56,12827,12658],{"class":65},[56,12829,12830],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12831,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12833,12834,12836,12838],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,12835,12620],{"class":65},[56,12837,1217],{"class":827},[56,12839,10370],{"class":76},[56,12841,12842],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,12843,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,12845,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,12847,373],{"class":72},[56,12849,77],{"class":76},[56,12851,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12853,12688],{"class":1020},[56,12855,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12857,306],{"class":76},[56,12859,12695],{"class":95},[56,12861,99],{"class":76},[56,12863,12864,12866,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,12865,373],{"class":72},[56,12867,77],{"class":76},[56,12869,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12871,12708],{"class":1020},[56,12873,1017],{"class":1016},[56,12875,306],{"class":76},[56,12877,12715],{"class":95},[56,12879,99],{"class":76},[56,12881,12882,12884,12886,12888,12890,12892],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,12883,373],{"class":72},[56,12885,77],{"class":76},[56,12887,12620],{"class":95},[56,12889,1176],{"class":62},[56,12891,12715],{"class":95},[56,12893,99],{"class":76},[20,12895,239],{},[47,12897,12899],{"className":49,"code":12898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12900,12901,12909,12941],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12902,12903,12905,12907],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12904,12667],{"class":65},[56,12906,1045],{"class":76},[56,12908,10370],{"class":76},[56,12910,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,12912,12751],{"class":65},[56,12914,1045],{"class":76},[56,12916,11023],{"class":76},[56,12918,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12920,264],{"class":1020},[56,12922,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12924,1045],{"class":76},[56,12926,409],{"class":80},[56,12928,306],{"class":76},[56,12930,3839],{"class":1016},[56,12932,1234],{"class":1020},[56,12934,3844],{"class":1016},[56,12936,1045],{"class":76},[56,12938,414],{"class":80},[56,12940,9841],{"class":76},[56,12942,12943],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12944,4580],{"class":4393},[20,12946,2724],{},[173,12948,12949,12955],{},[176,12950,12951,12954],{},[15,12952,12953],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[176,12956,12957,12959],{},[15,12958,12751],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12961,12962,12963,156],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[264,12964,12966],{"href":12965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12967,12968],{},"dict.copy()",[42,12970,5500,12972],{"id":12971},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12973,11853],{},[20,12975,12976,12978],{},[15,12977,11853],{}," is useful when you want to:",[173,12980,12981,12984,12987],{},[176,12982,12983],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[176,12985,12986],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[176,12988,12989],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12991,986],{},[47,12993,12995],{"className":49,"code":12994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12996,12997,13006,13022,13042,13055,13059,13063,13068,13079,13083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12998,12999,13002,13004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13000,13001],{"class":65},"session_data ",[56,13003,1217],{"class":827},[56,13005,12026],{"class":76},[56,13007,13008,13010,13013,13015,13017,13020],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,13009,12031],{"class":1016},[56,13011,13012],{"class":1020},"user_id",[56,13014,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13016,1045],{"class":76},[56,13018,13019],{"class":80}," 101",[56,13021,12047],{"class":76},[56,13023,13024,13026,13029,13031,13033,13035,13038,13040],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13025,12031],{"class":1016},[56,13027,13028],{"class":1020},"theme",[56,13030,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13032,1045],{"class":76},[56,13034,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13036,13037],{"class":1020},"dark",[56,13039,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13041,12047],{"class":76},[56,13043,13044,13046,13049,13051,13053],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,13045,12031],{"class":1016},[56,13047,13048],{"class":1020},"logged_in",[56,13050,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13052,1045],{"class":76},[56,13054,6955],{"class":4393},[56,13056,13057],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,13058,9841],{"class":76},[56,13060,13061],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,13062,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,13064,13065],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,13066,13067],{"class":112},"# Reset for a new session\n",[56,13069,13070,13073,13075,13077],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,13071,13072],{"class":65},"session_data",[56,13074,156],{"class":76},[56,13076,11915],{"class":95},[56,13078,9174],{"class":76},[56,13080,13081],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,13082,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,13084,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093],{"class":58,"line":6967},[56,13086,373],{"class":72},[56,13088,77],{"class":76},[56,13090,13072],{"class":95},[56,13092,4202],{"class":76},[56,13094,11930],{"class":112},[20,13096,13097,13098,13104,13105,156,13109,13111,13112,156],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[264,13099,13101],{"href":13100},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13102,13103],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[264,13106,13108],{"href":13107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10378,13110],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[264,13113,13115],{"href":13114},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13116,13117],{},"dict.popitem()",[42,13119,3374],{"id":3373},[20,13121,11280,13122,1045],{},[15,13123,11853],{},[173,13125,13126,13132,13137,13140],{},[176,13127,13128,13129,13131],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13130,11853],{}," to a variable",[176,13133,8983,13134,13136],{},[15,13135,11853],{}," to return a new dictionary",[176,13138,13139],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[176,13141,13142],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13144,13145],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[47,13147,13149],{"className":49,"code":13148,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13150,13151,13161,13175,13190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13152,13153,13155,13157,13159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13154,373],{"class":72},[56,13156,77],{"class":76},[56,13158,11982],{"class":95},[56,13160,99],{"class":76},[56,13162,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,13164,373],{"class":72},[56,13166,77],{"class":76},[56,13168,2312],{"class":378},[56,13170,77],{"class":76},[56,13172,11982],{"class":95},[56,13174,1635],{"class":76},[56,13176,13177,13179,13181,13184,13186,13188],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13178,373],{"class":72},[56,13180,77],{"class":76},[56,13182,13183],{"class":72},"id",[56,13185,77],{"class":76},[56,13187,11982],{"class":95},[56,13189,1635],{"class":76},[56,13191,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,13193,373],{"class":72},[56,13195,77],{"class":76},[56,13197,12653],{"class":95},[56,13199,1176],{"class":62},[56,13201,12300],{"class":95},[56,13203,99],{"class":76},[20,13205,13206],{},"What these show:",[173,13208,13209,13215,13221,13227],{},[176,13210,13211,13214],{},[15,13212,13213],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[176,13216,13217,13220],{},[15,13218,13219],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[176,13222,13223,13226],{},[15,13224,13225],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[176,13228,13229,13232],{},[15,13230,13231],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[42,13234,2343],{"id":2342},[353,13236,2347,13238,13240],{"id":13237},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13239,11853],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13242,13243],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[353,13245,5682,13247,13249],{"id":13246},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13248,11859],{}," return?",[20,13251,5688,13252,156],{},[15,13253,4319],{},[353,13255,5718,13257,4935,13259,2363],{"id":13256},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13258,11853],{},[15,13260,4333],{},[20,13262,13263,13265,13266,13268],{},[15,13264,11853],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13267,4333],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[353,13270,2347,13272,13274],{"id":13271},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13273,11853],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13276,13277],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[42,13279,2417],{"id":2416},[173,13281,13282,13286,13290,13297,13304,13311,13316],{},[176,13283,13284],{},[264,13285,9687],{"href":9686},[176,13287,13288],{},[264,13289,11774],{"href":9923},[176,13291,13292],{},[264,13293,11269,13294,11273],{"href":13100},[15,13295,13296],{},"pop()",[176,13298,13299],{},[264,13300,11269,13301,11273],{"href":13114},[15,13302,13303],{},"popitem()",[176,13305,13306],{},[264,13307,11269,13308,11273],{"href":12965},[15,13309,13310],{},"copy()",[176,13312,13313],{},[264,13314,13315],{"href":12599},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[176,13317,13318],{},[264,13319,13320],{"href":13107},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2451,13322,13323],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":13325},[13326,13327,13329,13330,13331,13335,13340,13341,13343,13344,13354],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":11938,"depth":87,"text":13328},"What clear() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":12236,"depth":87,"text":13332,"children":13333},"What clear() returns",[13334],{"id":12349,"depth":102,"text":12350},{"id":12529,"depth":87,"text":13336,"children":13337},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13338,13339],{"id":11915,"depth":102,"text":11853},{"id":11982,"depth":102,"text":12582},{"id":12603,"depth":87,"text":12604},{"id":12971,"depth":87,"text":13342},"When to use clear()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":13345},[13346,13348,13350,13352],{"id":13237,"depth":102,"text":13347},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13246,"depth":102,"text":13349},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13256,"depth":102,"text":13351},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13271,"depth":102,"text":13353},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11844,"description":13355},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13362,"title":13363,"body":13364,"description":15531,"extension":2509,"meta":15532,"navigation":105,"path":15533,"seo":15534,"stem":15535,"__hash__":15536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13365,"toc":15503},[13366,13371,13376,13386,13388,13477,13481,13522,13527,13534,13552,13561,13563,13584,13586,13598,13600,13679,13683,13724,13726,13729,13857,13861,13941,13944,13962,13965,13969,13975,13977,13988,13990,14185,14189,14295,14298,14316,14319,14326,14331,14335,14349,14351,14478,14482,14562,14575,14581,14584,14592,14596,14722,14726,14800,14805,14936,14940,15014,15017,15031,15035,15039,15053,15055,15191,15195,15264,15266,15271,15293,15296,15403,15406,15417,15424,15426,15432,15435,15441,15444,15451,15459,15463,15466,15468,15500],[10,13367,11850,13369,11854],{"id":13368},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13370,13310],{},[20,13372,13373,13375],{},[15,13374,12968],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13377,13378,13379,13381,13382,13385],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13380,13310],{}," makes a ",[37,13383,13384],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[42,13387,45],{"id":44},[47,13389,13391],{"className":49,"code":13390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13392,13393,13431,13448,13452,13463],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13394,13395,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13396,13397],{"class":65},"student ",[56,13399,1217],{"class":827},[56,13401,11023],{"class":76},[56,13403,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13405,8201],{"class":1020},[56,13407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13409,1045],{"class":76},[56,13411,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13413,13414],{"class":1020},"Ana",[56,13416,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13418,306],{"class":76},[56,13420,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13422,9831],{"class":1020},[56,13424,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13426,1045],{"class":76},[56,13428,8323],{"class":80},[56,13430,9841],{"class":76},[56,13432,13433,13436,13438,13441,13443,13446],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,13434,13435],{"class":65},"student_copy ",[56,13437,1217],{"class":827},[56,13439,13440],{"class":65}," student",[56,13442,156],{"class":76},[56,13444,13445],{"class":95},"copy",[56,13447,9174],{"class":76},[56,13449,13450],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13451,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,13453,13454,13456,13458,13461],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,13455,373],{"class":72},[56,13457,77],{"class":76},[56,13459,13460],{"class":95},"student_copy",[56,13462,99],{"class":76},[56,13464,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,13466,373],{"class":72},[56,13468,77],{"class":76},[56,13470,13435],{"class":95},[56,13472,1176],{"class":62},[56,13474,13440],{"class":95},[56,13476,99],{"class":76},[20,13478,13479],{},[37,13480,239],{},[47,13482,13484],{"className":49,"code":13483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13485,13486,13518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13487,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13489,9810],{"class":76},[56,13491,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13493,8201],{"class":1020},[56,13495,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13497,1045],{"class":76},[56,13499,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13501,13414],{"class":1020},[56,13503,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13505,306],{"class":76},[56,13507,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13509,9831],{"class":1020},[56,13511,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13513,1045],{"class":76},[56,13515,8323],{"class":80},[56,13517,9841],{"class":76},[56,13519,13520],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,13521,4580],{"class":4393},[20,13523,2638,13524,13526],{},[15,13525,13310],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[42,13528,13530,13531,13533],{"id":13529},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13532,13310],{}," method does",[173,13535,13536,13541,13544,13549],{},[176,13537,13538,13540],{},[15,13539,12968],{}," returns a new dictionary",[176,13542,13543],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[176,13545,13546,13547],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13548,13310],{},[176,13550,13551],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13553,13554,13555,3422,13558,156],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[264,13556,9687],{"href":13557},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[264,13559,9924],{"href":13560},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[42,13562,2702],{"id":2701},[47,13564,13566],{"className":49,"code":13565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13567,13568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13569,13570,13573,13575,13578,13580,13582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13571,13572],{"class":65},"new_dict ",[56,13574,1217],{"class":827},[56,13576,13577],{"class":65}," old_dict",[56,13579,156],{"class":76},[56,13581,13445],{"class":95},[56,13583,9174],{"class":76},[20,13585,171],{},[173,13587,13588,13592,13595],{},[176,13589,13590,11998],{},[15,13591,13310],{},[176,13593,13594],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[176,13596,13597],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13599,986],{},[47,13601,13603],{"className":49,"code":13602,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13604,13605,13648,13664,13668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13606,13607,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13644,13646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13608,13609],{"class":65},"colors ",[56,13611,1217],{"class":827},[56,13613,11023],{"class":76},[56,13615,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13617,264],{"class":1020},[56,13619,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13621,1045],{"class":76},[56,13623,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13625,13626],{"class":1020},"red",[56,13628,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13630,306],{"class":76},[56,13632,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13634,1234],{"class":1020},[56,13636,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13638,1045],{"class":76},[56,13640,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13642,13643],{"class":1020},"blue",[56,13645,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13647,9841],{"class":76},[56,13649,13650,13653,13655,13658,13660,13662],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,13651,13652],{"class":65},"new_colors ",[56,13654,1217],{"class":827},[56,13656,13657],{"class":65}," colors",[56,13659,156],{"class":76},[56,13661,13445],{"class":95},[56,13663,9174],{"class":76},[56,13665,13666],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13667,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,13669,13670,13672,13674,13677],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,13671,373],{"class":72},[56,13673,77],{"class":76},[56,13675,13676],{"class":95},"new_colors",[56,13678,99],{"class":76},[20,13680,13681],{},[37,13682,239],{},[47,13684,13686],{"className":49,"code":13685,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13687,13688],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13689,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13691,9810],{"class":76},[56,13693,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13695,264],{"class":1020},[56,13697,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13699,1045],{"class":76},[56,13701,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13703,13626],{"class":1020},[56,13705,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13707,306],{"class":76},[56,13709,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13711,1234],{"class":1020},[56,13713,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13715,1045],{"class":76},[56,13717,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13719,13643],{"class":1020},[56,13721,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13723,9841],{"class":76},[42,13725,12008],{"id":12007},[20,13727,13728],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[47,13730,13732],{"className":49,"code":13731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13733,13734,13772,13788,13792,13814,13818,13837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13735,13736,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13737,13738],{"class":65},"person ",[56,13740,1217],{"class":827},[56,13742,11023],{"class":76},[56,13744,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13746,8201],{"class":1020},[56,13748,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13750,1045],{"class":76},[56,13752,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13754,13755],{"class":1020},"Liam",[56,13757,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13759,306],{"class":76},[56,13761,1231],{"class":1016},[56,13763,9831],{"class":1020},[56,13765,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13767,1045],{"class":76},[56,13769,9838],{"class":80},[56,13771,9841],{"class":76},[56,13773,13774,13777,13779,13782,13784,13786],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,13775,13776],{"class":65},"person_copy ",[56,13778,1217],{"class":827},[56,13780,13781],{"class":65}," person",[56,13783,156],{"class":76},[56,13785,13445],{"class":95},[56,13787,9174],{"class":76},[56,13789,13790],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13791,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,13793,13794,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13808,13811],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,13795,13796],{"class":65},"person_copy",[56,13798,402],{"class":76},[56,13800,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13802,9831],{"class":1020},[56,13804,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13806,13807],{"class":76},"]",[56,13809,13810],{"class":827}," =",[56,13812,13813],{"class":80}," 26\n",[56,13815,13816],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,13817,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,13819,13820,13822,13824,13826,13829,13831,13833,13835],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,13821,373],{"class":72},[56,13823,77],{"class":76},[56,13825,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13827,13828],{"class":1020},"Original:",[56,13830,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13832,306],{"class":76},[56,13834,13781],{"class":95},[56,13836,99],{"class":76},[56,13838,13839,13841,13843,13845,13848,13850,13852,13855],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,13840,373],{"class":72},[56,13842,77],{"class":76},[56,13844,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13846,13847],{"class":1020},"Copy:",[56,13849,1017],{"class":1016},[56,13851,306],{"class":76},[56,13853,13854],{"class":95}," person_copy",[56,13856,99],{"class":76},[20,13858,13859],{},[37,13860,239],{},[47,13862,13864],{"className":49,"code":13863,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13865,13866,13903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13867,13868,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13869,13870],{"class":65},"Original",[56,13872,1045],{"class":76},[56,13874,11023],{"class":76},[56,13876,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13878,8201],{"class":1020},[56,13880,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13882,1045],{"class":76},[56,13884,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13886,13755],{"class":1020},[56,13888,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13890,306],{"class":76},[56,13892,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13894,9831],{"class":1020},[56,13896,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13898,1045],{"class":76},[56,13900,9838],{"class":80},[56,13902,9841],{"class":76},[56,13904,13905,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13939],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,13906,13907],{"class":65},"Copy",[56,13909,1045],{"class":76},[56,13911,11023],{"class":76},[56,13913,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13915,8201],{"class":1020},[56,13917,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13919,1045],{"class":76},[56,13921,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13923,13755],{"class":1020},[56,13925,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13927,306],{"class":76},[56,13929,3839],{"class":1016},[56,13931,9831],{"class":1020},[56,13933,3844],{"class":1016},[56,13935,1045],{"class":76},[56,13937,13938],{"class":80}," 26",[56,13940,9841],{"class":76},[20,13942,13943],{},"What happened here:",[173,13945,13946,13952,13959],{},[176,13947,13948,13951],{},[15,13949,13950],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[176,13953,13954,13955,13958],{},"Changing ",[15,13956,13957],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[176,13960,13961],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13963,13964],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[42,13966,13968],{"id":13967},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13970,13971,13381,13973,156],{},[15,13972,13310],{},[37,13974,13384],{},[20,13976,2653],{},[173,13978,13979,13982,13985],{},[176,13980,13981],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[176,13983,13984],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[176,13986,13987],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13989,986],{},[47,13991,13993],{"className":49,"code":13992,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13994,13995,14003,14021,14044,14048,14052,14066,14070,14095,14099,14117,14136,14151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13996,13997,13999,14001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13998,13397],{"class":65},[56,14000,1217],{"class":827},[56,14002,12026],{"class":76},[56,14004,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14006,12031],{"class":1016},[56,14008,8201],{"class":1020},[56,14010,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14012,1045],{"class":76},[56,14014,1231],{"class":1016},[56,14016,13414],{"class":1020},[56,14018,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14020,12047],{"class":76},[56,14022,14023,14025,14028,14030,14032,14034,14037,14039,14042],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14024,12031],{"class":1016},[56,14026,14027],{"class":1020},"grades",[56,14029,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14031,1045],{"class":76},[56,14033,1220],{"class":76},[56,14035,14036],{"class":80},"90",[56,14038,306],{"class":76},[56,14040,14041],{"class":80}," 85",[56,14043,427],{"class":76},[56,14045,14046],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,14047,9841],{"class":76},[56,14049,14050],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,14051,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14053,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,14055,13435],{"class":65},[56,14057,1217],{"class":827},[56,14059,13440],{"class":65},[56,14061,156],{"class":76},[56,14063,13445],{"class":95},[56,14065,9174],{"class":76},[56,14067,14068],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,14069,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14071,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14085,14088,14090,14093],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,14073,13460],{"class":65},[56,14075,402],{"class":76},[56,14077,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14079,14027],{"class":1020},[56,14081,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14083,14084],{"class":76},"].",[56,14086,14087],{"class":95},"append",[56,14089,77],{"class":76},[56,14091,14092],{"class":80},"100",[56,14094,99],{"class":76},[56,14096,14097],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,14098,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14100,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115],{"class":58,"line":6967},[56,14102,373],{"class":72},[56,14104,77],{"class":76},[56,14106,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14108,13828],{"class":1020},[56,14110,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14112,306],{"class":76},[56,14114,13440],{"class":95},[56,14116,99],{"class":76},[56,14118,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14134],{"class":58,"line":12128},[56,14120,373],{"class":72},[56,14122,77],{"class":76},[56,14124,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14126,13847],{"class":1020},[56,14128,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14130,306],{"class":76},[56,14132,14133],{"class":95}," student_copy",[56,14135,99],{"class":76},[56,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149],{"class":58,"line":14138},12,[56,14140,373],{"class":72},[56,14142,77],{"class":76},[56,14144,13397],{"class":95},[56,14146,1176],{"class":62},[56,14148,14133],{"class":95},[56,14150,99],{"class":76},[56,14152,14154,14156,14158,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183],{"class":58,"line":14153},13,[56,14155,373],{"class":72},[56,14157,77],{"class":76},[56,14159,14160],{"class":95},"student",[56,14162,402],{"class":76},[56,14164,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14166,14027],{"class":1020},[56,14168,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14170,13807],{"class":76},[56,14172,8628],{"class":62},[56,14174,14133],{"class":95},[56,14176,402],{"class":76},[56,14178,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14180,14027],{"class":1020},[56,14182,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14184,1294],{"class":76},[20,14186,14187],{},[37,14188,239],{},[47,14190,14192],{"className":49,"code":14191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14193,14194,14241,14287,14291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14195,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14197,13870],{"class":65},[56,14199,1045],{"class":76},[56,14201,11023],{"class":76},[56,14203,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14205,8201],{"class":1020},[56,14207,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14209,1045],{"class":76},[56,14211,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14213,13414],{"class":1020},[56,14215,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14217,306],{"class":76},[56,14219,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14221,14027],{"class":1020},[56,14223,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14225,1045],{"class":76},[56,14227,1220],{"class":76},[56,14229,14036],{"class":80},[56,14231,306],{"class":76},[56,14233,14041],{"class":80},[56,14235,306],{"class":76},[56,14237,10650],{"class":80},[56,14239,14240],{"class":76},"]}\n",[56,14242,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14244,13907],{"class":65},[56,14246,1045],{"class":76},[56,14248,11023],{"class":76},[56,14250,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14252,8201],{"class":1020},[56,14254,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14256,1045],{"class":76},[56,14258,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14260,13414],{"class":1020},[56,14262,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14264,306],{"class":76},[56,14266,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14268,14027],{"class":1020},[56,14270,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14272,1045],{"class":76},[56,14274,1220],{"class":76},[56,14276,14036],{"class":80},[56,14278,306],{"class":76},[56,14280,14041],{"class":80},[56,14282,306],{"class":76},[56,14284,10650],{"class":80},[56,14286,14240],{"class":76},[56,14288,14289],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14290,4580],{"class":4393},[56,14292,14293],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,14294,4519],{"class":4393},[20,14296,14297],{},"Notice the difference:",[173,14299,14300,14308],{},[176,14301,14302,5322,14305,14307],{},[15,14303,14304],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14306,4215],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[176,14309,14310,5322,14313,14315],{},[15,14311,14312],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14314,4146],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14317,14318],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14320,14321,14322,156],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[264,14323,14325],{"href":14324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[42,14327,5500,14329],{"id":14328},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14330,13310],{},[20,14332,2638,14333,11133],{},[15,14334,13310],{},[173,14336,14337,14340,14343,14346],{},[176,14338,14339],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[176,14341,14342],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[176,14344,14345],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[176,14347,14348],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14350,986],{},[47,14352,14354],{"className":49,"code":14353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14355,14356,14395,14411,14415,14435,14439,14458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14357,14358,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14386,14388,14390,14393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14359,14360],{"class":65},"settings ",[56,14362,1217],{"class":827},[56,14364,11023],{"class":76},[56,14366,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14368,13028],{"class":1020},[56,14370,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14372,1045],{"class":76},[56,14374,1231],{"class":1016},[56,14376,13037],{"class":1020},[56,14378,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14380,306],{"class":76},[56,14382,1231],{"class":1016},[56,14384,14385],{"class":1020},"font_size",[56,14387,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14389,1045],{"class":76},[56,14391,14392],{"class":80}," 14",[56,14394,9841],{"class":76},[56,14396,14397,14400,14402,14405,14407,14409],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14398,14399],{"class":65},"settings_backup ",[56,14401,1217],{"class":827},[56,14403,14404],{"class":65}," settings",[56,14406,156],{"class":76},[56,14408,13445],{"class":95},[56,14410,9174],{"class":76},[56,14412,14413],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14414,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14416,14417,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,14418,14419],{"class":65},"settings",[56,14421,402],{"class":76},[56,14423,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14425,14385],{"class":1020},[56,14427,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14429,13807],{"class":76},[56,14431,13810],{"class":827},[56,14433,14434],{"class":80}," 16\n",[56,14436,14437],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,14438,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14440,14441,14443,14445,14447,14450,14452,14454,14456],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,14442,373],{"class":72},[56,14444,77],{"class":76},[56,14446,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14448,14449],{"class":1020},"Current:",[56,14451,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14453,306],{"class":76},[56,14455,14404],{"class":95},[56,14457,99],{"class":76},[56,14459,14460,14462,14464,14466,14469,14471,14473,14476],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,14461,373],{"class":72},[56,14463,77],{"class":76},[56,14465,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14467,14468],{"class":1020},"Backup:",[56,14470,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14472,306],{"class":76},[56,14474,14475],{"class":95}," settings_backup",[56,14477,99],{"class":76},[20,14479,14480],{},[37,14481,239],{},[47,14483,14485],{"className":49,"code":14484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14486,14487,14525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14488,14489,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14490,14491],{"class":65},"Current",[56,14493,1045],{"class":76},[56,14495,11023],{"class":76},[56,14497,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14499,13028],{"class":1020},[56,14501,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14503,1045],{"class":76},[56,14505,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14507,13037],{"class":1020},[56,14509,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14511,306],{"class":76},[56,14513,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14515,14385],{"class":1020},[56,14517,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14519,1045],{"class":76},[56,14521,14522],{"class":80}," 16",[56,14524,9841],{"class":76},[56,14526,14527,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14528,14529],{"class":65},"Backup",[56,14531,1045],{"class":76},[56,14533,11023],{"class":76},[56,14535,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14537,13028],{"class":1020},[56,14539,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14541,1045],{"class":76},[56,14543,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14545,13037],{"class":1020},[56,14547,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14549,306],{"class":76},[56,14551,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14553,14385],{"class":1020},[56,14555,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14557,1045],{"class":76},[56,14559,14392],{"class":80},[56,14561,9841],{"class":76},[20,14563,14564,14565,3422,14571,156],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[264,14566,14568],{"href":14567},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14569,14570],{},"dict.update()",[264,14572,14573],{"href":13357},[15,14574,11859],{},[42,14576,14578,14580],{"id":14577},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14579,13310],{}," vs assignment",[20,14582,14583],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14585,958,14586,14588,14589,14591],{},[15,14587,1217],{}," does ",[37,14590,5170],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[353,14593,14595],{"id":14594},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[47,14597,14599],{"className":49,"code":14598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14600,14601,14633,14642,14646,14666,14670,14688,14708],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14602,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14604,12620],{"class":65},[56,14606,1217],{"class":827},[56,14608,11023],{"class":76},[56,14610,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14612,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14614,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14616,1045],{"class":76},[56,14618,409],{"class":80},[56,14620,306],{"class":76},[56,14622,1231],{"class":1016},[56,14624,12279],{"class":1020},[56,14626,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14628,1045],{"class":76},[56,14630,414],{"class":80},[56,14632,9841],{"class":76},[56,14634,14635,14638,14640],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14636,14637],{"class":65},"assigned ",[56,14639,1217],{"class":827},[56,14641,12658],{"class":65},[56,14643,14644],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14645,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14647,14648,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,14649,14650],{"class":65},"assigned",[56,14652,402],{"class":76},[56,14654,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14656,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14658,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14660,13807],{"class":76},[56,14662,13810],{"class":827},[56,14664,14665],{"class":80}," 99\n",[56,14667,14668],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,14669,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14671,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14686],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,14673,373],{"class":72},[56,14675,77],{"class":76},[56,14677,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14679,13828],{"class":1020},[56,14681,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14683,306],{"class":76},[56,14685,12695],{"class":95},[56,14687,99],{"class":76},[56,14689,14690,14692,14694,14696,14699,14701,14703,14706],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,14691,373],{"class":72},[56,14693,77],{"class":76},[56,14695,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14697,14698],{"class":1020},"Assigned:",[56,14700,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14702,306],{"class":76},[56,14704,14705],{"class":95}," assigned",[56,14707,99],{"class":76},[56,14709,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,14711,373],{"class":72},[56,14713,77],{"class":76},[56,14715,12620],{"class":95},[56,14717,1176],{"class":62},[56,14719,14705],{"class":95},[56,14721,99],{"class":76},[20,14723,14724],{},[37,14725,239],{},[47,14727,14729],{"className":49,"code":14728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14730,14731,14763,14796],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14732,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14734,13870],{"class":65},[56,14736,1045],{"class":76},[56,14738,11023],{"class":76},[56,14740,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14742,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14744,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14746,1045],{"class":76},[56,14748,10729],{"class":80},[56,14750,306],{"class":76},[56,14752,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14754,12279],{"class":1020},[56,14756,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14758,1045],{"class":76},[56,14760,414],{"class":80},[56,14762,9841],{"class":76},[56,14764,14765,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14766,14767],{"class":65},"Assigned",[56,14769,1045],{"class":76},[56,14771,11023],{"class":76},[56,14773,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14775,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14777,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14779,1045],{"class":76},[56,14781,10729],{"class":80},[56,14783,306],{"class":76},[56,14785,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14787,12279],{"class":1020},[56,14789,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14791,1045],{"class":76},[56,14793,414],{"class":80},[56,14795,9841],{"class":76},[56,14797,14798],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14799,4519],{"class":4393},[353,14801,958,14803],{"id":14802},"using-copy",[15,14804,13310],{},[47,14806,14808],{"className":49,"code":14807,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14809,14810,14842,14857,14861,14880,14884,14902,14922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14811,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14813,12620],{"class":65},[56,14815,1217],{"class":827},[56,14817,11023],{"class":76},[56,14819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14821,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14823,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14825,1045],{"class":76},[56,14827,409],{"class":80},[56,14829,306],{"class":76},[56,14831,1231],{"class":1016},[56,14833,12279],{"class":1020},[56,14835,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14837,1045],{"class":76},[56,14839,414],{"class":80},[56,14841,9841],{"class":76},[56,14843,14844,14847,14849,14851,14853,14855],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14845,14846],{"class":65},"copied ",[56,14848,1217],{"class":827},[56,14850,12695],{"class":65},[56,14852,156],{"class":76},[56,14854,13445],{"class":95},[56,14856,9174],{"class":76},[56,14858,14859],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14860,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14862,14863,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,14864,14865],{"class":65},"copied",[56,14867,402],{"class":76},[56,14869,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14871,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14873,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14875,13807],{"class":76},[56,14877,13810],{"class":827},[56,14879,14665],{"class":80},[56,14881,14882],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,14883,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,14885,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,14887,373],{"class":72},[56,14889,77],{"class":76},[56,14891,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14893,13828],{"class":1020},[56,14895,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14897,306],{"class":76},[56,14899,12695],{"class":95},[56,14901,99],{"class":76},[56,14903,14904,14906,14908,14910,14913,14915,14917,14920],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,14905,373],{"class":72},[56,14907,77],{"class":76},[56,14909,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14911,14912],{"class":1020},"Copied:",[56,14914,1017],{"class":1016},[56,14916,306],{"class":76},[56,14918,14919],{"class":95}," copied",[56,14921,99],{"class":76},[56,14923,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,14925,373],{"class":72},[56,14927,77],{"class":76},[56,14929,12620],{"class":95},[56,14931,1176],{"class":62},[56,14933,14919],{"class":95},[56,14935,99],{"class":76},[20,14937,14938],{},[37,14939,239],{},[47,14941,14943],{"className":49,"code":14942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14944,14945,14977,15010],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14946,14947,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971,14973,14975],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14948,13870],{"class":65},[56,14950,1045],{"class":76},[56,14952,11023],{"class":76},[56,14954,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14956,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14958,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14960,1045],{"class":76},[56,14962,409],{"class":80},[56,14964,306],{"class":76},[56,14966,3839],{"class":1016},[56,14968,12279],{"class":1020},[56,14970,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14972,1045],{"class":76},[56,14974,414],{"class":80},[56,14976,9841],{"class":76},[56,14978,14979,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,14980,14981],{"class":65},"Copied",[56,14983,1045],{"class":76},[56,14985,11023],{"class":76},[56,14987,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14989,2719],{"class":1020},[56,14991,3844],{"class":1016},[56,14993,1045],{"class":76},[56,14995,10729],{"class":80},[56,14997,306],{"class":76},[56,14999,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15001,12279],{"class":1020},[56,15003,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15005,1045],{"class":76},[56,15007,414],{"class":80},[56,15009,9841],{"class":76},[56,15011,15012],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15013,4580],{"class":4393},[20,15015,15016],{},"Summary:",[173,15018,15019,15025],{},[176,15020,15021,15024],{},[15,15022,15023],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[176,15026,15027,15030],{},[15,15028,15029],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[42,15032,15034],{"id":15033},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15036,15037,1045],{},[15,15038,13310],{},[173,15040,15041,15044,15047,15050],{},[176,15042,15043],{},"Returns a dictionary",[176,15045,15046],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[176,15048,15049],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[176,15051,15052],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15054,986],{},[47,15056,15058],{"className":49,"code":15057,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15059,15060,15092,15108,15112,15130,15150,15154,15172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15061,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15063,9697],{"class":65},[56,15065,1217],{"class":827},[56,15067,11023],{"class":76},[56,15069,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15071,264],{"class":1020},[56,15073,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15075,1045],{"class":76},[56,15077,409],{"class":80},[56,15079,306],{"class":76},[56,15081,1231],{"class":1016},[56,15083,1234],{"class":1020},[56,15085,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15087,1045],{"class":76},[56,15089,414],{"class":80},[56,15091,9841],{"class":76},[56,15093,15094,15097,15099,15102,15104,15106],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,15095,15096],{"class":65},"data_copy ",[56,15098,1217],{"class":827},[56,15100,15101],{"class":65}," data",[56,15103,156],{"class":76},[56,15105,13445],{"class":95},[56,15107,9174],{"class":76},[56,15109,15110],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15111,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,15113,15114,15116,15118,15120,15122,15124,15126,15128],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,15115,9736],{"class":65},[56,15117,402],{"class":76},[56,15119,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15121,264],{"class":1020},[56,15123,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15125,13807],{"class":76},[56,15127,13810],{"class":827},[56,15129,3130],{"class":80},[56,15131,15132,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,15133,15134],{"class":65},"data_copy",[56,15136,402],{"class":76},[56,15138,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15140,1234],{"class":1020},[56,15142,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15144,13807],{"class":76},[56,15146,13810],{"class":827},[56,15148,15149],{"class":80}," 20\n",[56,15151,15152],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,15153,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,15155,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,15157,373],{"class":72},[56,15159,77],{"class":76},[56,15161,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15163,13828],{"class":1020},[56,15165,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15167,306],{"class":76},[56,15169,15101],{"class":95},[56,15171,99],{"class":76},[56,15173,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184,15186,15189],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,15175,373],{"class":72},[56,15177,77],{"class":76},[56,15179,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15181,13847],{"class":1020},[56,15183,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15185,306],{"class":76},[56,15187,15188],{"class":95}," data_copy",[56,15190,99],{"class":76},[20,15192,15193],{},[37,15194,239],{},[47,15196,15198],{"className":49,"code":15197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15199,15200,15232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15201,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15203,13870],{"class":65},[56,15205,1045],{"class":76},[56,15207,11023],{"class":76},[56,15209,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15211,264],{"class":1020},[56,15213,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15215,1045],{"class":76},[56,15217,534],{"class":80},[56,15219,306],{"class":76},[56,15221,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15223,1234],{"class":1020},[56,15225,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15227,1045],{"class":76},[56,15229,414],{"class":80},[56,15231,9841],{"class":76},[56,15233,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,15235,13907],{"class":65},[56,15237,1045],{"class":76},[56,15239,11023],{"class":76},[56,15241,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15243,264],{"class":1020},[56,15245,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15247,1045],{"class":76},[56,15249,409],{"class":80},[56,15251,306],{"class":76},[56,15253,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15255,1234],{"class":1020},[56,15257,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15259,1045],{"class":76},[56,15261,8323],{"class":80},[56,15263,9841],{"class":76},[42,15265,3374],{"id":3373},[20,15267,15268,15269,1045],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15270,12968],{},[173,15272,15273,15280,15285,15290],{},[176,15274,958,15275,11624,15277,15279],{},[15,15276,1217],{},[15,15278,13310],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[176,15281,1796,15282,15284],{},[15,15283,13310],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[176,15286,15287,15288],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15289,13310],{},[176,15291,15292],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15294,15295],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[47,15297,15299],{"className":49,"code":15298,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15300,15301,15311,15321,15335,15358,15381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15302,15303,15305,15307,15309],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15304,373],{"class":72},[56,15306,77],{"class":76},[56,15308,12667],{"class":95},[56,15310,99],{"class":76},[56,15312,15313,15315,15317,15319],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,15314,373],{"class":72},[56,15316,77],{"class":76},[56,15318,14865],{"class":95},[56,15320,99],{"class":76},[56,15322,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15324,373],{"class":72},[56,15326,77],{"class":76},[56,15328,12620],{"class":95},[56,15330,1176],{"class":62},[56,15332,14919],{"class":95},[56,15334,99],{"class":76},[56,15336,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15352,15354,15356],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,15338,373],{"class":72},[56,15340,77],{"class":76},[56,15342,13183],{"class":72},[56,15344,77],{"class":76},[56,15346,12667],{"class":95},[56,15348,9765],{"class":76},[56,15350,15351],{"class":72}," id",[56,15353,77],{"class":76},[56,15355,14865],{"class":95},[56,15357,1635],{"class":76},[56,15359,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368,15370,15372,15374,15377,15379],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,15361,373],{"class":72},[56,15363,77],{"class":76},[56,15365,13183],{"class":72},[56,15367,77],{"class":76},[56,15369,12667],{"class":95},[56,15371,402],{"class":76},[56,15373,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15375,15376],{"class":1020},"key",[56,15378,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15380,3541],{"class":76},[56,15382,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399,15401],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,15384,373],{"class":72},[56,15386,77],{"class":76},[56,15388,13183],{"class":72},[56,15390,77],{"class":76},[56,15392,14865],{"class":95},[56,15394,402],{"class":76},[56,15396,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15398,15376],{"class":1020},[56,15400,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15402,3541],{"class":76},[20,15404,15405],{},"What these help you check:",[173,15407,15408,15411,15414],{},[176,15409,15410],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[176,15412,15413],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[176,15415,15416],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15418,15419,15420,156],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[264,15421,15423],{"href":15422},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[42,15425,2343],{"id":2342},[353,15427,2347,15429,15431],{"id":15428},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15430,12968],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15433,15434],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[353,15436,2385,15438,15440],{"id":15437},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,15439,12968],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15442,15443],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[353,15445,5718,15447,4935,15449,2363],{"id":15446},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15448,13310],{},[15,15450,1217],{},[20,15452,15453,15455,15456,15458],{},[15,15454,13310],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15457,1217],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[353,15460,15462],{"id":15461},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15464,15465],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[42,15467,2417],{"id":2416},[173,15469,15470,15474,15478,15482,15489,15495],{},[176,15471,15472],{},[264,15473,11774],{"href":13560},[176,15475,15476],{},[264,15477,9687],{"href":13557},[176,15479,15480],{},[264,15481,14325],{"href":14324},[176,15483,15484],{},[264,15485,11269,15486,11273],{"href":14567},[15,15487,15488],{},"update()",[176,15490,15491],{},[264,15492,11269,15493,11273],{"href":13357},[15,15494,11853],{},[176,15496,15497],{},[264,15498,15499],{"href":15422},"How to copy a list in Python",[2451,15501,15502],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":15504},[15505,15506,15508,15509,15510,15511,15513,15519,15520,15521,15530],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":13529,"depth":87,"text":15507},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":13967,"depth":87,"text":13968},{"id":14328,"depth":87,"text":15512},"When to use copy()",{"id":14577,"depth":87,"text":15514,"children":15515},"copy() vs assignment",[15516,15517],{"id":14594,"depth":102,"text":14595},{"id":14802,"depth":102,"text":15518},"Using copy()",{"id":15033,"depth":87,"text":15034},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":15522},[15523,15525,15527,15529],{"id":15428,"depth":102,"text":15524},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15437,"depth":102,"text":15526},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15446,"depth":102,"text":15528},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15461,"depth":102,"text":15462},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13363,"description":15531},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15538,"title":15539,"body":15540,"description":17738,"extension":2509,"meta":17739,"navigation":105,"path":13560,"seo":17740,"stem":17741,"__hash__":17742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15541,"toc":17700},[15542,15545,15551,15560,15562,15638,15642,15691,15694,15698,15712,15715,15719,15732,15735,15768,15782,15785,15797,15801,15804,15812,15892,15896,15949,15953,15971,15973,16055,16058,16060,16063,16066,16089,16113,16117,16125,16128,16132,16141,16146,16204,16208,16241,16247,16253,16256,16311,16315,16365,16368,16374,16377,16385,16387,16432,16437,16446,16449,16452,16499,16501,16506,16509,16603,16607,16660,16663,16719,16722,16726,16729,16743,16747,16813,16817,16842,16845,16849,16927,16931,16934,16937,16957,16960,17013,17017,17020,17023,17036,17038,17127,17134,17137,17148,17150,17153,17173,17177,17180,17189,17192,17231,17235,17237,17246,17255,17257,17295,17299,17346,17350,17371,17375,17378,17490,17495,17592,17614,17616,17620,17627,17631,17637,17641,17644,17648,17651,17658,17666,17668,17694,17697],[10,15543,15539],{"id":15544},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15546,15547,15548,15550],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[37,15549,9663],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15552,15553,15554,3422,15556,156],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[264,15555,9687],{"href":9686},[264,15557,15559],{"href":15558},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[42,15561,45],{"id":44},[47,15563,15565],{"className":49,"code":15564,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15566,15567,15575,15593,15607,15620,15624,15628],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15568,15569,15571,15573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15570,13397],{"class":65},[56,15572,1217],{"class":827},[56,15574,12026],{"class":76},[56,15576,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,15578,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15580,8201],{"class":1020},[56,15582,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15584,1045],{"class":76},[56,15586,1231],{"class":1016},[56,15588,13414],{"class":1020},[56,15590,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15592,12047],{"class":76},[56,15594,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15596,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15598,9831],{"class":1020},[56,15600,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15602,1045],{"class":76},[56,15604,8323],{"class":80},[56,15606,12047],{"class":76},[56,15608,15609,15611,15614,15616,15618],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,15610,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15612,15613],{"class":1020},"is_active",[56,15615,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15617,1045],{"class":76},[56,15619,6955],{"class":4393},[56,15621,15622],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,15623,9841],{"class":76},[56,15625,15626],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,15627,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,15629,15630,15632,15634,15636],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,15631,373],{"class":72},[56,15633,77],{"class":76},[56,15635,14160],{"class":95},[56,15637,99],{"class":76},[20,15639,15640],{},[37,15641,239],{},[47,15643,15645],{"className":49,"code":15644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15646,15647],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15648,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15650,9810],{"class":76},[56,15652,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15654,8201],{"class":1020},[56,15656,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15658,1045],{"class":76},[56,15660,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15662,13414],{"class":1020},[56,15664,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15666,306],{"class":76},[56,15668,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15670,9831],{"class":1020},[56,15672,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15674,1045],{"class":76},[56,15676,8323],{"class":80},[56,15678,306],{"class":76},[56,15680,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15682,15613],{"class":1020},[56,15684,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15686,1045],{"class":76},[56,15688,4455],{"class":4393},[56,15690,9841],{"class":76},[20,15692,15693],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[42,15695,15697],{"id":15696},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[173,15699,15700,15703,15706,15709],{},[176,15701,15702],{},"What a dictionary is",[176,15704,15705],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[176,15707,15708],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[176,15710,15711],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[42,15713,15702],{"id":15714},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15716,9660,15717,156],{},[37,15718,9663],{},[173,15720,15721,15727],{},[176,15722,15723,15724,15726],{},"A ",[37,15725,15376],{}," is the label",[176,15728,15723,15729,15731],{},[37,15730,3017],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15733,15734],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[47,15736,15738],{"className":49,"code":15737,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15739,15740,15748,15764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15741,15742,15744,15746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15743,13397],{"class":65},[56,15745,1217],{"class":827},[56,15747,12026],{"class":76},[56,15749,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,15751,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15753,8201],{"class":1020},[56,15755,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15757,1045],{"class":76},[56,15759,1231],{"class":1016},[56,15761,13414],{"class":1020},[56,15763,3903],{"class":1016},[56,15765,15766],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15767,9841],{"class":76},[173,15769,15770,15776],{},[176,15771,15772,15775],{},[15,15773,15774],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[176,15777,15778,15781],{},[15,15779,15780],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15783,15784],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[173,15786,15787,15789,15791,15794],{},[176,15788,8201],{},[176,15790,9831],{},[176,15792,15793],{},"email",[176,15795,15796],{},"country",[42,15798,15800],{"id":15799},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15802,15803],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15805,2638,15806,15808,15809,156],{},[15,15807,4333],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15810,15811],{},"key: value",[47,15813,15815],{"className":49,"code":15814,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15816,15817,15825,15843,15857,15874,15878,15882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15818,15819,15821,15823],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15820,13397],{"class":65},[56,15822,1217],{"class":827},[56,15824,12026],{"class":76},[56,15826,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839,15841],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,15828,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15830,8201],{"class":1020},[56,15832,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15834,1045],{"class":76},[56,15836,1231],{"class":1016},[56,15838,13414],{"class":1020},[56,15840,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15842,12047],{"class":76},[56,15844,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15846,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15848,9831],{"class":1020},[56,15850,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15852,1045],{"class":76},[56,15854,8323],{"class":80},[56,15856,12047],{"class":76},[56,15858,15859,15861,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,15860,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15862,15863],{"class":1020},"course",[56,15865,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15867,1045],{"class":76},[56,15869,1231],{"class":1016},[56,15871,7829],{"class":1020},[56,15873,3903],{"class":1016},[56,15875,15876],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,15877,9841],{"class":76},[56,15879,15880],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,15881,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,15883,15884,15886,15888,15890],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,15885,373],{"class":72},[56,15887,77],{"class":76},[56,15889,14160],{"class":95},[56,15891,99],{"class":76},[20,15893,15894],{},[37,15895,239],{},[47,15897,15899],{"className":49,"code":15898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15900,15901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15902,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15904,9810],{"class":76},[56,15906,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15908,8201],{"class":1020},[56,15910,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15912,1045],{"class":76},[56,15914,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15916,13414],{"class":1020},[56,15918,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15920,306],{"class":76},[56,15922,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15924,9831],{"class":1020},[56,15926,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15928,1045],{"class":76},[56,15930,8323],{"class":80},[56,15932,306],{"class":76},[56,15934,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15936,15863],{"class":1020},[56,15938,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15940,1045],{"class":76},[56,15942,3839],{"class":1016},[56,15944,7829],{"class":1020},[56,15946,3844],{"class":1016},[56,15948,9841],{"class":76},[353,15950,15952],{"id":15951},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[173,15954,15955,15960,15965,15968],{},[176,15956,2638,15957,15959],{},[15,15958,4333],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[176,15961,15962,15963],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15964,15811],{},[176,15966,15967],{},"Separate items with commas",[176,15969,15970],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15972,986],{},[47,15974,15976],{"className":49,"code":15975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15977,15978,15987,16007,16023,16036,16040,16044],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15979,15980,15983,15985],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15981,15982],{"class":65},"book ",[56,15984,1217],{"class":827},[56,15986,12026],{"class":76},[56,15988,15989,15991,15994,15996,15998,16000,16003,16005],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,15990,12031],{"class":1016},[56,15992,15993],{"class":1020},"title",[56,15995,1017],{"class":1016},[56,15997,1045],{"class":76},[56,15999,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16001,16002],{"class":1020},"Python Basics",[56,16004,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16006,12047],{"class":76},[56,16008,16009,16011,16014,16016,16018,16021],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16010,12031],{"class":1016},[56,16012,16013],{"class":1020},"pages",[56,16015,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16017,1045],{"class":76},[56,16019,16020],{"class":80}," 150",[56,16022,12047],{"class":76},[56,16024,16025,16027,16030,16032,16034],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,16026,12031],{"class":1016},[56,16028,16029],{"class":1020},"available",[56,16031,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16033,1045],{"class":76},[56,16035,6955],{"class":4393},[56,16037,16038],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,16039,9841],{"class":76},[56,16041,16042],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,16043,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,16045,16046,16048,16050,16053],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,16047,373],{"class":72},[56,16049,77],{"class":76},[56,16051,16052],{"class":95},"book",[56,16054,99],{"class":76},[20,16056,16057],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[42,16059,9935],{"id":9934},[20,16061,16062],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16064,16065],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[47,16067,16069],{"className":49,"code":16068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16070,16071,16079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16072,16073,16075,16077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16074,9697],{"class":65},[56,16076,1217],{"class":827},[56,16078,10370],{"class":76},[56,16080,16081,16083,16085,16087],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16082,373],{"class":72},[56,16084,77],{"class":76},[56,16086,9736],{"class":95},[56,16088,99],{"class":76},[47,16090,16091],{"className":49,"code":9938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,16092,16093,16103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16094,16095,16097,16099,16101],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16096,9697],{"class":65},[56,16098,1217],{"class":827},[56,16100,9702],{"class":378},[56,16102,9174],{"class":76},[56,16104,16105,16107,16109,16111],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16106,373],{"class":72},[56,16108,77],{"class":76},[56,16110,9736],{"class":95},[56,16112,99],{"class":76},[20,16114,16115],{},[37,16116,239],{},[47,16118,16119],{"className":49,"code":9967,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,16120,16121],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16122,16123],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16124,9967],{"class":76},[20,16126,16127],{},"Both are correct.",[353,16129,16131],{"id":16130},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16133,16134,16136,16137,16140],{},[15,16135,4333],{}," creates an empty ",[37,16138,16139],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16142,16143,16144,156],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16145,4338],{},[47,16147,16149],{"className":49,"code":16148,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16150,16151,16159,16171,16175,16189],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16152,16153,16155,16157],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16154,12258],{"class":65},[56,16156,1217],{"class":827},[56,16158,10370],{"class":76},[56,16160,16161,16164,16166,16169],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16162,16163],{"class":65},"my_set ",[56,16165,1217],{"class":827},[56,16167,16168],{"class":378}," set",[56,16170,9174],{"class":76},[56,16172,16173],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16174,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,16176,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,16178,373],{"class":72},[56,16180,77],{"class":76},[56,16182,2312],{"class":378},[56,16184,77],{"class":76},[56,16186,11982],{"class":95},[56,16188,1635],{"class":76},[56,16190,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16202],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,16192,373],{"class":72},[56,16194,77],{"class":76},[56,16196,2312],{"class":378},[56,16198,77],{"class":76},[56,16200,16201],{"class":95},"my_set",[56,16203,1635],{"class":76},[20,16205,16206],{},[37,16207,239],{},[47,16209,16211],{"className":49,"code":16210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16212,16213,16227],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16214,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16216,3833],{"class":827},[56,16218,3836],{"class":2610},[56,16220,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16222,9353],{"class":1020},[56,16224,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16226,3847],{"class":827},[56,16228,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16230,3833],{"class":827},[56,16232,3836],{"class":2610},[56,16234,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16236,6822],{"class":1020},[56,16238,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16240,3847],{"class":827},[42,16242,16244,16245],{"id":16243},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16246,9651],{},[20,16248,16249,16250,16252],{},"You can also use ",[15,16251,9651],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16254,16255],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[47,16257,16259],{"className":49,"code":16258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16260,16261,16301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16262,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16290,16292,16295,16297,16299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16264,13397],{"class":65},[56,16266,1217],{"class":827},[56,16268,9702],{"class":378},[56,16270,77],{"class":76},[56,16272,8201],{"class":9707},[56,16274,1217],{"class":827},[56,16276,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16278,13414],{"class":1020},[56,16280,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16282,306],{"class":76},[56,16284,9720],{"class":9707},[56,16286,1217],{"class":827},[56,16288,16289],{"class":80},"20",[56,16291,306],{"class":76},[56,16293,16294],{"class":9707}," active",[56,16296,1217],{"class":827},[56,16298,4146],{"class":4393},[56,16300,99],{"class":76},[56,16302,16303,16305,16307,16309],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16304,373],{"class":72},[56,16306,77],{"class":76},[56,16308,14160],{"class":95},[56,16310,99],{"class":76},[20,16312,16313],{},[37,16314,239],{},[47,16316,16318],{"className":49,"code":16317,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16319,16320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16321,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16357,16359,16361,16363],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16323,9810],{"class":76},[56,16325,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16327,8201],{"class":1020},[56,16329,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16331,1045],{"class":76},[56,16333,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16335,13414],{"class":1020},[56,16337,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16339,306],{"class":76},[56,16341,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16343,9831],{"class":1020},[56,16345,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16347,1045],{"class":76},[56,16349,8323],{"class":80},[56,16351,306],{"class":76},[56,16353,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16355,16356],{"class":1020},"active",[56,16358,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16360,1045],{"class":76},[56,16362,4455],{"class":4393},[56,16364,9841],{"class":76},[20,16366,16367],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[353,16369,16371,16372],{"id":16370},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16373,9651],{},[20,16375,16376],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[173,16378,16379,16382],{},[176,16380,16381],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[176,16383,16384],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16386,7219],{},[47,16388,16390],{"className":49,"code":16389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16391,16392,16422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16393,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16418,16420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16395,12021],{"class":65},[56,16397,1217],{"class":827},[56,16399,9702],{"class":378},[56,16401,77],{"class":76},[56,16403,8201],{"class":9707},[56,16405,1217],{"class":827},[56,16407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16409,8210],{"class":1020},[56,16411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16413,306],{"class":76},[56,16415,9720],{"class":9707},[56,16417,1217],{"class":827},[56,16419,9725],{"class":80},[56,16421,99],{"class":76},[56,16423,16424,16426,16428,16430],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16425,373],{"class":72},[56,16427,77],{"class":76},[56,16429,12115],{"class":95},[56,16431,99],{"class":76},[20,16433,5167,16434,16436],{},[37,16435,5170],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[47,16438,16440],{"className":49,"code":16439,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16441,16442],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16443,16444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16445,16439],{"class":112},[20,16447,16448],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16450,16451],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[47,16453,16455],{"className":49,"code":16454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16456,16457,16465,16481,16485,16489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16458,16459,16461,16463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16460,12021],{"class":65},[56,16462,1217],{"class":827},[56,16464,12026],{"class":76},[56,16466,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16468,12031],{"class":1016},[56,16470,11028],{"class":1020},[56,16472,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16474,1045],{"class":76},[56,16476,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16478,8210],{"class":1020},[56,16480,3903],{"class":1016},[56,16482,16483],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16484,9841],{"class":76},[56,16486,16487],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,16488,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,16490,16491,16493,16495,16497],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,16492,373],{"class":72},[56,16494,77],{"class":76},[56,16496,12115],{"class":95},[56,16498,99],{"class":76},[42,16500,9977],{"id":9976},[20,16502,16503,16505],{},[15,16504,9651],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16507,16508],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[47,16510,16512],{"className":49,"code":16511,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16513,16514,16571,16575,16589,16593],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16515,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16567,16569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16517,9747],{"class":65},[56,16519,1217],{"class":827},[56,16521,9752],{"class":76},[56,16523,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16525,8201],{"class":1020},[56,16527,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16529,306],{"class":76},[56,16531,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16533,13414],{"class":1020},[56,16535,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16537,9765],{"class":76},[56,16539,9768],{"class":76},[56,16541,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16543,9831],{"class":1020},[56,16545,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16547,306],{"class":76},[56,16549,8323],{"class":80},[56,16551,9765],{"class":76},[56,16553,9768],{"class":76},[56,16555,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16557,10941],{"class":1020},[56,16559,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16561,306],{"class":76},[56,16563,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16565,16566],{"class":1020},"Lima",[56,16568,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16570,9781],{"class":76},[56,16572,16573],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16574,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,16576,16577,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16578,13397],{"class":65},[56,16580,1217],{"class":827},[56,16582,9702],{"class":378},[56,16584,77],{"class":76},[56,16586,9794],{"class":95},[56,16588,99],{"class":76},[56,16590,16591],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,16592,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,16594,16595,16597,16599,16601],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,16596,373],{"class":72},[56,16598,77],{"class":76},[56,16600,14160],{"class":95},[56,16602,99],{"class":76},[20,16604,16605],{},[37,16606,239],{},[47,16608,16610],{"className":49,"code":16609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16611,16612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16613,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644,16646,16648,16650,16652,16654,16656,16658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16615,9810],{"class":76},[56,16617,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16619,8201],{"class":1020},[56,16621,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16623,1045],{"class":76},[56,16625,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16627,13414],{"class":1020},[56,16629,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16631,306],{"class":76},[56,16633,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16635,9831],{"class":1020},[56,16637,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16639,1045],{"class":76},[56,16641,8323],{"class":80},[56,16643,306],{"class":76},[56,16645,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16647,10941],{"class":1020},[56,16649,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16651,1045],{"class":76},[56,16653,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16655,16566],{"class":1020},[56,16657,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16659,9841],{"class":76},[20,16661,16662],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[47,16664,16666],{"className":49,"code":16665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16667,16668,16709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16669,16670,16672,16674,16676,16679,16681,16683,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16671,13397],{"class":65},[56,16673,1217],{"class":827},[56,16675,9702],{"class":378},[56,16677,16678],{"class":76},"(((",[56,16680,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16682,8201],{"class":1020},[56,16684,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16686,306],{"class":76},[56,16688,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16690,13414],{"class":1020},[56,16692,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16694,9765],{"class":76},[56,16696,9768],{"class":76},[56,16698,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16700,9831],{"class":1020},[56,16702,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16704,306],{"class":76},[56,16706,8323],{"class":80},[56,16708,390],{"class":76},[56,16710,16711,16713,16715,16717],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16712,373],{"class":72},[56,16714,77],{"class":76},[56,16716,14160],{"class":95},[56,16718,99],{"class":76},[20,16720,16721],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[42,16723,16725],{"id":16724},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16727,16728],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[173,16730,16731,16734,16737,16740],{},[176,16732,16733],{},"Keys must be unique",[176,16735,16736],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[176,16738,16739],{},"Values can repeat",[176,16741,16742],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[353,16744,16746],{"id":16745},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[47,16748,16750],{"className":49,"code":16749,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16751,16752,16760,16778,16795,16799,16803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16753,16754,16756,16758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16755,9697],{"class":65},[56,16757,1217],{"class":827},[56,16759,12026],{"class":76},[56,16761,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16763,12031],{"class":1016},[56,16765,8201],{"class":1020},[56,16767,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16769,1045],{"class":76},[56,16771,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16773,13414],{"class":1020},[56,16775,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16777,12047],{"class":76},[56,16779,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16793],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16781,12031],{"class":1016},[56,16783,8201],{"class":1020},[56,16785,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16787,1045],{"class":76},[56,16789,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16791,16792],{"class":1020},"Maria",[56,16794,3903],{"class":1016},[56,16796,16797],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,16798,9841],{"class":76},[56,16800,16801],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,16802,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,16804,16805,16807,16809,16811],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,16806,373],{"class":72},[56,16808,77],{"class":76},[56,16810,9736],{"class":95},[56,16812,99],{"class":76},[20,16814,16815],{},[37,16816,239],{},[47,16818,16820],{"className":49,"code":16819,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16821,16822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16823,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836,16838,16840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16825,9810],{"class":76},[56,16827,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16829,8201],{"class":1020},[56,16831,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16833,1045],{"class":76},[56,16835,3839],{"class":1016},[56,16837,16792],{"class":1020},[56,16839,3844],{"class":1016},[56,16841,9841],{"class":76},[20,16843,16844],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[353,16846,16848],{"id":16847},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[47,16850,16852],{"className":49,"code":16851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16853,16854,16862,16878,16894,16908,16912,16916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16855,16856,16858,16860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16857,5603],{"class":65},[56,16859,1217],{"class":827},[56,16861,12026],{"class":76},[56,16863,16864,16867,16869,16871,16874,16876],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16865,16866],{"class":80},"    1",[56,16868,1045],{"class":76},[56,16870,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16872,16873],{"class":1020},"low",[56,16875,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16877,12047],{"class":76},[56,16879,16880,16883,16885,16887,16890,16892],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16881,16882],{"class":80},"    2",[56,16884,1045],{"class":76},[56,16886,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16888,16889],{"class":1020},"medium",[56,16891,1017],{"class":1016},[56,16893,12047],{"class":76},[56,16895,16896,16899,16901,16903,16906],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,16897,16898],{"class":80},"    3",[56,16900,1045],{"class":76},[56,16902,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16904,16905],{"class":1020},"high",[56,16907,3903],{"class":1016},[56,16909,16910],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,16911,9841],{"class":76},[56,16913,16914],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,16915,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,16917,16918,16920,16922,16925],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,16919,373],{"class":72},[56,16921,77],{"class":76},[56,16923,16924],{"class":95},"scores",[56,16926,99],{"class":76},[353,16928,16930],{"id":16929},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16932,16933],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16935,16936],{},"This will cause an error:",[47,16938,16940],{"className":49,"code":16939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16941,16942,16947,16952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16943,16944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16945,16946],{"class":112},"# bad = {\n",[56,16948,16949],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16950,16951],{"class":112},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[56,16953,16954],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16955,16956],{"class":112},"# }\n",[20,16958,16959],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[47,16961,16963],{"className":49,"code":16962,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16964,16965,16974,16994,16998,17002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16966,16967,16970,16972],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16968,16969],{"class":65},"good ",[56,16971,1217],{"class":827},[56,16973,12026],{"class":76},[56,16975,16976,16979,16981,16983,16985,16988,16990,16992],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,16977,16978],{"class":76},"    (",[56,16980,529],{"class":80},[56,16982,306],{"class":76},[56,16984,414],{"class":80},[56,16986,16987],{"class":76},"):",[56,16989,1231],{"class":1016},[56,16991,1618],{"class":1020},[56,16993,3903],{"class":1016},[56,16995,16996],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16997,9841],{"class":76},[56,16999,17000],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,17001,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,17003,17004,17006,17008,17011],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,17005,373],{"class":72},[56,17007,77],{"class":76},[56,17009,17010],{"class":95},"good",[56,17012,99],{"class":76},[42,17014,17016],{"id":17015},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17018,17019],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17021,17022],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[173,17024,17025,17028,17030,17033],{},[176,17026,17027],{},"user data",[176,17029,14419],{},[176,17031,17032],{},"counters",[176,17034,17035],{},"lookups",[20,17037,986],{},[47,17039,17041],{"className":49,"code":17040,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17042,17043,17051,17070,17089,17101,17105,17109],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17044,17045,17047,17049],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17046,12021],{"class":65},[56,17048,1217],{"class":827},[56,17050,12026],{"class":76},[56,17052,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17066,17068],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,17054,12031],{"class":1016},[56,17056,8518],{"class":1020},[56,17058,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17060,1045],{"class":76},[56,17062,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17064,17065],{"class":1020},"ana123",[56,17067,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17069,12047],{"class":76},[56,17071,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17082,17085,17087],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17073,12031],{"class":1016},[56,17075,15793],{"class":1020},[56,17077,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17079,1045],{"class":76},[56,17081,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17083,17084],{"class":1020},"ana@example.com",[56,17086,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17088,12047],{"class":76},[56,17090,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,17092,12031],{"class":1016},[56,17094,13048],{"class":1020},[56,17096,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17098,1045],{"class":76},[56,17100,6955],{"class":4393},[56,17102,17103],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,17104,9841],{"class":76},[56,17106,17107],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,17108,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,17110,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,17112,373],{"class":72},[56,17114,77],{"class":76},[56,17116,12115],{"class":95},[56,17118,402],{"class":76},[56,17120,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17122,15793],{"class":1020},[56,17124,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17126,1294],{"class":76},[20,17128,17129,17130,156],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[264,17131,17133],{"href":17132},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17135,17136],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[173,17138,17139,17142,17145],{},[176,17140,17141],{},"labels are not needed",[176,17143,17144],{},"you mostly care about position",[176,17146,17147],{},"order matters more than named fields",[42,17149,3374],{"id":3373},[20,17151,17152],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[173,17154,17155,17158,17161,17164,17167],{},[176,17156,17157],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[176,17159,17160],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[176,17162,17163],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[176,17165,17166],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[176,17168,17169,17170,17172],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17171,4333],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[353,17174,17176],{"id":17175},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17178,17179],{},"Wrong:",[47,17181,17183],{"className":49,"code":17182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17184,17185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17186,17187],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17188,17182],{"class":112},[20,17190,17191],{},"Correct:",[47,17193,17195],{"className":49,"code":17194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17196,17197,17221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17198,17199,17201,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17200,13397],{"class":65},[56,17202,1217],{"class":827},[56,17204,11023],{"class":76},[56,17206,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17208,8201],{"class":1020},[56,17210,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17212,1045],{"class":76},[56,17214,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17216,13414],{"class":1020},[56,17218,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17220,9841],{"class":76},[56,17222,17223,17225,17227,17229],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,17224,373],{"class":72},[56,17226,77],{"class":76},[56,17228,14160],{"class":95},[56,17230,99],{"class":76},[353,17232,17234],{"id":17233},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17236,17179],{},[47,17238,17240],{"className":49,"code":17239,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17241,17242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17243,17244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17245,17239],{"class":112},[20,17247,17248,17249,17251,17252,17254],{},"This only works if ",[15,17250,8201],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17253,15774],{},", use quotes.",[20,17256,17191],{},[47,17258,17259],{"className":49,"code":17194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,17260,17261,17285],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17262,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17264,13397],{"class":65},[56,17266,1217],{"class":827},[56,17268,11023],{"class":76},[56,17270,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17272,8201],{"class":1020},[56,17274,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17276,1045],{"class":76},[56,17278,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17280,13414],{"class":1020},[56,17282,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17284,9841],{"class":76},[56,17286,17287,17289,17291,17293],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,17288,373],{"class":72},[56,17290,77],{"class":76},[56,17292,14160],{"class":95},[56,17294,99],{"class":76},[353,17296,17298],{"id":17297},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[47,17300,17302],{"className":49,"code":17301,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17303,17304,17336],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17305,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17307,9697],{"class":65},[56,17309,1217],{"class":827},[56,17311,11023],{"class":76},[56,17313,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17315,9831],{"class":1020},[56,17317,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17319,1045],{"class":76},[56,17321,8323],{"class":80},[56,17323,306],{"class":76},[56,17325,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17327,9831],{"class":1020},[56,17329,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17331,1045],{"class":76},[56,17333,8328],{"class":80},[56,17335,9841],{"class":76},[56,17337,17338,17340,17342,17344],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,17339,373],{"class":72},[56,17341,77],{"class":76},[56,17343,9736],{"class":95},[56,17345,99],{"class":76},[20,17347,17348],{},[37,17349,239],{},[47,17351,17353],{"className":49,"code":17352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17354,17355],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17356,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17358,9810],{"class":76},[56,17360,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17362,9831],{"class":1020},[56,17364,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17366,1045],{"class":76},[56,17368,8328],{"class":80},[56,17370,9841],{"class":76},[42,17372,17374],{"id":17373},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17376,17377],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[47,17379,17381],{"className":49,"code":17380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17382,17383,17419,17423,17433,17447,17462,17476],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17384,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17386,12258],{"class":65},[56,17388,1217],{"class":827},[56,17390,11023],{"class":76},[56,17392,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17394,8201],{"class":1020},[56,17396,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17398,1045],{"class":76},[56,17400,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17402,13414],{"class":1020},[56,17404,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17406,306],{"class":76},[56,17408,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17410,9831],{"class":1020},[56,17412,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17414,1045],{"class":76},[56,17416,8323],{"class":80},[56,17418,9841],{"class":76},[56,17420,17421],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,17422,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,17424,17425,17427,17429,17431],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17426,373],{"class":72},[56,17428,77],{"class":76},[56,17430,11982],{"class":95},[56,17432,99],{"class":76},[56,17434,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17445],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,17436,373],{"class":72},[56,17438,77],{"class":76},[56,17440,2312],{"class":378},[56,17442,77],{"class":76},[56,17444,11982],{"class":95},[56,17446,1635],{"class":76},[56,17448,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17460],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,17450,373],{"class":72},[56,17452,77],{"class":76},[56,17454,11982],{"class":95},[56,17456,156],{"class":76},[56,17458,17459],{"class":95},"keys",[56,17461,7726],{"class":76},[56,17463,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,17465,373],{"class":72},[56,17467,77],{"class":76},[56,17469,11982],{"class":95},[56,17471,156],{"class":76},[56,17473,5898],{"class":95},[56,17475,7726],{"class":76},[56,17477,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,17479,373],{"class":72},[56,17481,77],{"class":76},[56,17483,1266],{"class":72},[56,17485,77],{"class":76},[56,17487,11982],{"class":95},[56,17489,1635],{"class":76},[20,17491,17492],{},[37,17493,17494],{},"Example output:",[47,17496,17498],{"className":49,"code":17497,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17499,17500,17532,17546,17569,17588],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17501,17502,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17503,9810],{"class":76},[56,17505,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17507,8201],{"class":1020},[56,17509,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17511,1045],{"class":76},[56,17513,3839],{"class":1016},[56,17515,13414],{"class":1020},[56,17517,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17519,306],{"class":76},[56,17521,3839],{"class":1016},[56,17523,9831],{"class":1020},[56,17525,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17527,1045],{"class":76},[56,17529,8323],{"class":80},[56,17531,9841],{"class":76},[56,17533,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,17535,3833],{"class":827},[56,17537,3836],{"class":2610},[56,17539,3839],{"class":1016},[56,17541,9353],{"class":1020},[56,17543,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17545,3847],{"class":827},[56,17547,17548,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17549,17550],{"class":95},"dict_keys",[56,17552,3528],{"class":76},[56,17554,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17556,8201],{"class":1020},[56,17558,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17560,306],{"class":76},[56,17562,3839],{"class":1016},[56,17564,9831],{"class":1020},[56,17566,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17568,1294],{"class":76},[56,17570,17571,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,17572,17573],{"class":95},"dict_values",[56,17575,3528],{"class":76},[56,17577,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17579,13414],{"class":1020},[56,17581,3844],{"class":1016},[56,17583,306],{"class":76},[56,17585,8323],{"class":80},[56,17587,1294],{"class":76},[56,17589,17590],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,17591,259],{"class":80},[20,17593,17594,17595,2735,17601,17607,17608,156],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[264,17596,11269,17598],{"href":17597},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17599,17600],{},"keys()",[264,17602,11269,17604],{"href":17603},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17605,17606],{},"values()",", and ",[264,17609,11269,17611],{"href":17610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17612,17613],{},"items()",[42,17615,2343],{"id":2342},[353,17617,17619],{"id":17618},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17621,2638,17622,3422,17624,17626],{},[15,17623,4333],{},[15,17625,9651],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[353,17628,17630],{"id":17629},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17632,17633,17634,156],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17635,17636],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[353,17638,17640],{"id":17639},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17642,17643],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[353,17645,17647],{"id":17646},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17649,17650],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[353,17652,5718,17654,4935,17656,2363],{"id":17653},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17655,4333],{},[15,17657,9651],{},[20,17659,17660,17662,17663,17665],{},[15,17661,4333],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17664,9651],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[42,17667,2417],{"id":2416},[173,17669,17670,17674,17680,17684,17690],{},[176,17671,17672],{},[264,17673,9687],{"href":9686},[176,17675,17676],{},[264,17677,11269,17678,11273],{"href":11268},[15,17679,11272],{},[176,17681,17682],{},[264,17683,11783],{"href":11263},[176,17685,17686],{},[264,17687,17689],{"href":17688},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[176,17691,17692],{},[264,17693,11794],{"href":11606},[20,17695,17696],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2451,17698,17699],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":17701},[17702,17703,17704,17705,17708,17711,17716,17717,17722,17723,17728,17729,17737],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":15696,"depth":87,"text":15697},{"id":15714,"depth":87,"text":15702},{"id":15799,"depth":87,"text":15800,"children":17706},[17707],{"id":15951,"depth":102,"text":15952},{"id":9934,"depth":87,"text":9935,"children":17709},[17710],{"id":16130,"depth":102,"text":16131},{"id":16243,"depth":87,"text":17712,"children":17713},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17714],{"id":16370,"depth":102,"text":17715},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9976,"depth":87,"text":9977},{"id":16724,"depth":87,"text":16725,"children":17718},[17719,17720,17721],{"id":16745,"depth":102,"text":16746},{"id":16847,"depth":102,"text":16848},{"id":16929,"depth":102,"text":16930},{"id":17015,"depth":87,"text":17016},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":17724},[17725,17726,17727],{"id":17175,"depth":102,"text":17176},{"id":17233,"depth":102,"text":17234},{"id":17297,"depth":102,"text":17298},{"id":17373,"depth":87,"text":17374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":17730},[17731,17732,17733,17734,17735],{"id":17618,"depth":102,"text":17619},{"id":17629,"depth":102,"text":17630},{"id":17639,"depth":102,"text":17640},{"id":17646,"depth":102,"text":17647},{"id":17653,"depth":102,"text":17736},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15539,"description":17738},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17744,"title":17745,"body":17746,"description":20195,"extension":2509,"meta":20196,"navigation":105,"path":20197,"seo":20198,"stem":20199,"__hash__":20200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17747,"toc":20151},[17748,17754,17760,17763,17766,17768,17850,17856,17861,17865,17883,17895,17900,17904,17927,17931,17943,17951,17955,17960,17962,17965,18040,18042,18087,18089,18106,18111,18117,18122,18196,18198,18243,18246,18257,18259,18378,18380,18433,18440,18444,18447,18464,18470,18474,18572,18574,18626,18633,18637,18643,18646,18649,18676,18681,18685,18688,18792,18794,18839,18842,18845,18850,18855,18866,18868,18929,18989,18995,19003,19009,19014,19019,19079,19083,19150,19153,19157,19228,19231,19244,19251,19253,19257,19261,19332,19334,19371,19374,19377,19440,19447,19450,19492,19501,19504,19573,19579,19584,19668,19670,19719,19726,19732,19777,19779,19812,19817,19821,19827,19866,19910,19978,20021,20023,20029,20032,20036,20041,20045,20048,20052,20054,20115,20117,20143,20148],[10,17749,11850,17751,11854],{"id":17750},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17752,17753],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17755,17756,17759],{},[15,17757,17758],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17761,17762],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17764,17765],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[42,17767,45],{"id":44},[47,17769,17771],{"className":49,"code":17770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17772,17773,17806,17834,17845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17774,17775,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17776,17777],{"class":65},"keys ",[56,17779,1217],{"class":827},[56,17781,1220],{"class":76},[56,17783,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17785,8201],{"class":1020},[56,17787,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17789,306],{"class":76},[56,17791,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17793,9831],{"class":1020},[56,17795,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17797,306],{"class":76},[56,17799,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17801,10941],{"class":1020},[56,17803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17805,427],{"class":76},[56,17807,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17830,17832],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,17809,13738],{"class":65},[56,17811,1217],{"class":827},[56,17813,9702],{"class":378},[56,17815,156],{"class":76},[56,17817,17818],{"class":95},"fromkeys",[56,17820,77],{"class":76},[56,17822,17459],{"class":95},[56,17824,306],{"class":76},[56,17826,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17828,17829],{"class":1020},"unknown",[56,17831,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17833,99],{"class":76},[56,17835,17836,17838,17840,17843],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17837,373],{"class":72},[56,17839,77],{"class":76},[56,17841,17842],{"class":95},"person",[56,17844,99],{"class":76},[56,17846,17847],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,17848,17849],{"class":112},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17851,2638,17852,17855],{},[15,17853,17854],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[42,17857,160,17859,163],{"id":17858},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17860,17758],{},[20,17862,17863,1045],{},[15,17864,17758],{},[173,17866,17867,17870,17873,17876],{},[176,17868,17869],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[176,17871,17872],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[176,17874,17875],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[176,17877,17878,17879,17882],{},"Is called as ",[15,17880,17881],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17884,17885,17886,17888,17889,17891,17892,156],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17887,9353],{},", so you write ",[15,17890,17881],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17893,17894],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17896,17897,17898,156],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[264,17899,9687],{"href":13557},[42,17901,17903],{"id":17902},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[47,17905,17907],{"className":49,"code":17906,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17908,17909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17910,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17912,9353],{"class":378},[56,17914,156],{"class":76},[56,17916,17818],{"class":95},[56,17918,77],{"class":76},[56,17920,4261],{"class":95},[56,17922,306],{"class":76},[56,17924,8963],{"class":95},[56,17926,99],{"class":76},[353,17928,17930],{"id":17929},"parameters","Parameters",[173,17932,17933,17938],{},[176,17934,17935,17937],{},[15,17936,4261],{},": the keys to use",[176,17939,17940,17942],{},[15,17941,3017],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17944,17945,17946,17948,17949,156],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17947,3017],{},", each key gets ",[15,17950,4319],{},[353,17952,17954],{"id":17953},"return-value","Return value",[20,17956,195,17957,156],{},[37,17958,17959],{},"new dictionary",[42,17961,6326],{"id":6325},[20,17963,17964],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[47,17966,17968],{"className":49,"code":17967,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17969,17970,18003,18025,18029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17971,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17973,17777],{"class":65},[56,17975,1217],{"class":827},[56,17977,1220],{"class":76},[56,17979,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17981,13626],{"class":1020},[56,17983,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17985,306],{"class":76},[56,17987,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17989,17990],{"class":1020},"green",[56,17992,1017],{"class":1016},[56,17994,306],{"class":76},[56,17996,1231],{"class":1016},[56,17998,13643],{"class":1020},[56,18000,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18002,427],{"class":76},[56,18004,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,18006,13609],{"class":65},[56,18008,1217],{"class":827},[56,18010,9702],{"class":378},[56,18012,156],{"class":76},[56,18014,17818],{"class":95},[56,18016,77],{"class":76},[56,18018,17459],{"class":95},[56,18020,306],{"class":76},[56,18022,822],{"class":80},[56,18024,99],{"class":76},[56,18026,18027],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18028,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18030,18031,18033,18035,18038],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,18032,373],{"class":72},[56,18034,77],{"class":76},[56,18036,18037],{"class":95},"colors",[56,18039,99],{"class":76},[20,18041,239],{},[47,18043,18045],{"className":49,"code":18044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18046,18047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18048,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18050,9810],{"class":76},[56,18052,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18054,13626],{"class":1020},[56,18056,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18058,1045],{"class":76},[56,18060,822],{"class":80},[56,18062,306],{"class":76},[56,18064,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18066,17990],{"class":1020},[56,18068,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18070,1045],{"class":76},[56,18072,822],{"class":80},[56,18074,306],{"class":76},[56,18076,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18078,13643],{"class":1020},[56,18080,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18082,1045],{"class":76},[56,18084,822],{"class":80},[56,18086,9841],{"class":76},[20,18088,12217],{},[173,18090,18091,18096,18101],{},[176,18092,18093,18095],{},[15,18094,17459],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[176,18097,18098,18100],{},[15,18099,152],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[176,18102,18103,18105],{},[15,18104,17758],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18107,18108,18109,156],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[264,18110,9924],{"href":13560},[42,18112,958,18114,18116],{"id":18113},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18115,17753],{}," without a value",[20,18118,18119,18120,156],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18121,4319],{},[47,18123,18125],{"className":49,"code":18124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18126,18127,18161,18181,18185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18128,18129,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18157,18159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18130,18131],{"class":65},"fields ",[56,18133,1217],{"class":827},[56,18135,1220],{"class":76},[56,18137,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18139,8518],{"class":1020},[56,18141,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18143,306],{"class":76},[56,18145,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18147,15793],{"class":1020},[56,18149,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18151,306],{"class":76},[56,18153,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18155,18156],{"class":1020},"password",[56,18158,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18160,427],{"class":76},[56,18162,18163,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18179],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,18164,18165],{"class":65},"user_data ",[56,18167,1217],{"class":827},[56,18169,9702],{"class":378},[56,18171,156],{"class":76},[56,18173,17818],{"class":95},[56,18175,77],{"class":76},[56,18177,18178],{"class":95},"fields",[56,18180,99],{"class":76},[56,18182,18183],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18184,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18186,18187,18189,18191,18194],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,18188,373],{"class":72},[56,18190,77],{"class":76},[56,18192,18193],{"class":95},"user_data",[56,18195,99],{"class":76},[20,18197,239],{},[47,18199,18201],{"className":49,"code":18200,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18202,18203],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18204,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18206,9810],{"class":76},[56,18208,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18210,8518],{"class":1020},[56,18212,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18214,1045],{"class":76},[56,18216,4394],{"class":4393},[56,18218,306],{"class":76},[56,18220,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18222,15793],{"class":1020},[56,18224,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18226,1045],{"class":76},[56,18228,4394],{"class":4393},[56,18230,306],{"class":76},[56,18232,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18234,18156],{"class":1020},[56,18236,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18238,1045],{"class":76},[56,18240,4394],{"class":4393},[56,18242,9841],{"class":76},[20,18244,18245],{},"This is useful when:",[173,18247,18248,18251,18254],{},[176,18249,18250],{},"You want to create the keys first",[176,18252,18253],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[176,18255,18256],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18258,986],{},[47,18260,18262],{"className":49,"code":18261,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18263,18264,18296,18314,18318,18341,18364,18368],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18265,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18267,18131],{"class":65},[56,18269,1217],{"class":827},[56,18271,1220],{"class":76},[56,18273,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18275,8518],{"class":1020},[56,18277,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18279,306],{"class":76},[56,18281,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18283,15793],{"class":1020},[56,18285,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18287,306],{"class":76},[56,18289,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18291,18156],{"class":1020},[56,18293,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18295,427],{"class":76},[56,18297,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,18299,18165],{"class":65},[56,18301,1217],{"class":827},[56,18303,9702],{"class":378},[56,18305,156],{"class":76},[56,18307,17818],{"class":95},[56,18309,77],{"class":76},[56,18311,18178],{"class":95},[56,18313,99],{"class":76},[56,18315,18316],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18317,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18319,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18339],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,18321,18193],{"class":65},[56,18323,402],{"class":76},[56,18325,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18327,8518],{"class":1020},[56,18329,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18331,13807],{"class":76},[56,18333,13810],{"class":827},[56,18335,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18337,18338],{"class":1020},"alice",[56,18340,3903],{"class":1016},[56,18342,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18362],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,18344,18193],{"class":65},[56,18346,402],{"class":76},[56,18348,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18350,15793],{"class":1020},[56,18352,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18354,13807],{"class":76},[56,18356,13810],{"class":827},[56,18358,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18360,18361],{"class":1020},"alice@example.com",[56,18363,3903],{"class":1016},[56,18365,18366],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,18367,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18369,18370,18372,18374,18376],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,18371,373],{"class":72},[56,18373,77],{"class":76},[56,18375,18193],{"class":95},[56,18377,99],{"class":76},[20,18379,239],{},[47,18381,18383],{"className":49,"code":18382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18384,18385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18386,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18388,9810],{"class":76},[56,18390,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18392,8518],{"class":1020},[56,18394,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18396,1045],{"class":76},[56,18398,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18400,18338],{"class":1020},[56,18402,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18404,306],{"class":76},[56,18406,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18408,15793],{"class":1020},[56,18410,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18412,1045],{"class":76},[56,18414,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18416,18361],{"class":1020},[56,18418,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18420,306],{"class":76},[56,18422,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18424,18156],{"class":1020},[56,18426,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18428,1045],{"class":76},[56,18430,4394],{"class":4393},[56,18432,9841],{"class":76},[20,18434,18435,18436,156],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[264,18437,18439],{"href":18438},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[42,18441,18443],{"id":18442},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18445,18446],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[173,18448,18449,18454,18459],{},[176,18450,18451,18453],{},[15,18452,4328],{}," (list)",[176,18455,18456,18458],{},[15,18457,4333],{}," (dictionary)",[176,18460,18461,18463],{},[15,18462,4338],{}," (set)",[20,18465,18466,18467,156],{},"All keys will point to the ",[37,18468,18469],{},"same object",[353,18471,18473],{"id":18472},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[47,18475,18477],{"className":49,"code":18476,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18478,18479,18511,18532,18536,18558,18562],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18480,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18482,17777],{"class":65},[56,18484,1217],{"class":827},[56,18486,1220],{"class":76},[56,18488,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18490,264],{"class":1020},[56,18492,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18494,306],{"class":76},[56,18496,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18498,1234],{"class":1020},[56,18500,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18502,306],{"class":76},[56,18504,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18506,1243],{"class":1020},[56,18508,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18510,427],{"class":76},[56,18512,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,18514,9697],{"class":65},[56,18516,1217],{"class":827},[56,18518,9702],{"class":378},[56,18520,156],{"class":76},[56,18522,17818],{"class":95},[56,18524,77],{"class":76},[56,18526,17459],{"class":95},[56,18528,306],{"class":76},[56,18530,18531],{"class":76}," [])\n",[56,18533,18534],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18535,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18537,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,18539,9736],{"class":65},[56,18541,402],{"class":76},[56,18543,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18545,264],{"class":1020},[56,18547,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18549,14084],{"class":76},[56,18551,14087],{"class":95},[56,18553,77],{"class":76},[56,18555,529],{"class":80},[56,18557,99],{"class":76},[56,18559,18560],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,18561,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18563,18564,18566,18568,18570],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,18565,373],{"class":72},[56,18567,77],{"class":76},[56,18569,9736],{"class":95},[56,18571,99],{"class":76},[20,18573,239],{},[47,18575,18577],{"className":49,"code":18576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18578,18579],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18580,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18582,9810],{"class":76},[56,18584,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18586,264],{"class":1020},[56,18588,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18590,1045],{"class":76},[56,18592,1220],{"class":76},[56,18594,529],{"class":80},[56,18596,18597],{"class":76},"],",[56,18599,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18601,1234],{"class":1020},[56,18603,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18605,1045],{"class":76},[56,18607,1220],{"class":76},[56,18609,529],{"class":80},[56,18611,18597],{"class":76},[56,18613,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18615,1243],{"class":1020},[56,18617,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18619,1045],{"class":76},[56,18621,1220],{"class":76},[56,18623,529],{"class":80},[56,18625,14240],{"class":76},[20,18627,18628,18629,18632],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18630,18631],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[353,18634,18636],{"id":18635},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18638,18639,18642],{},[15,18640,18641],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18644,18645],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18647,18648],{},"So this:",[47,18650,18652],{"className":49,"code":18651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18653,18654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18655,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18657,9736],{"class":65},[56,18659,402],{"class":76},[56,18661,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18663,264],{"class":1020},[56,18665,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18667,14084],{"class":76},[56,18669,14087],{"class":95},[56,18671,77],{"class":76},[56,18673,529],{"class":80},[56,18675,99],{"class":76},[20,18677,18678,18679,156],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18680,18631],{},[353,18682,18684],{"id":18683},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18686,18687],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[47,18689,18691],{"className":49,"code":18690,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18692,18693,18725,18752,18756,18778,18782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18694,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18696,17777],{"class":65},[56,18698,1217],{"class":827},[56,18700,1220],{"class":76},[56,18702,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18704,264],{"class":1020},[56,18706,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18708,306],{"class":76},[56,18710,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18712,1234],{"class":1020},[56,18714,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18716,306],{"class":76},[56,18718,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18720,1243],{"class":1020},[56,18722,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18724,427],{"class":76},[56,18726,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18740,18742,18745,18747,18750],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,18728,9697],{"class":65},[56,18730,1217],{"class":827},[56,18732,11023],{"class":76},[56,18734,15376],{"class":65},[56,18736,1045],{"class":76},[56,18738,18739],{"class":76}," []",[56,18741,4418],{"class":62},[56,18743,18744],{"class":65}," key ",[56,18746,69],{"class":62},[56,18748,18749],{"class":65}," keys",[56,18751,9841],{"class":76},[56,18753,18754],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18755,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18757,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,18759,9736],{"class":65},[56,18761,402],{"class":76},[56,18763,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18765,264],{"class":1020},[56,18767,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18769,14084],{"class":76},[56,18771,14087],{"class":95},[56,18773,77],{"class":76},[56,18775,529],{"class":80},[56,18777,99],{"class":76},[56,18779,18780],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,18781,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,18783,18784,18786,18788,18790],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,18785,373],{"class":72},[56,18787,77],{"class":76},[56,18789,9736],{"class":95},[56,18791,99],{"class":76},[20,18793,239],{},[47,18795,18797],{"className":49,"code":18796,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18798,18799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18800,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18802,9810],{"class":76},[56,18804,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18806,264],{"class":1020},[56,18808,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18810,1045],{"class":76},[56,18812,1220],{"class":76},[56,18814,529],{"class":80},[56,18816,18597],{"class":76},[56,18818,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18820,1234],{"class":1020},[56,18822,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18824,1045],{"class":76},[56,18826,18827],{"class":76}," [],",[56,18829,3839],{"class":1016},[56,18831,1243],{"class":1020},[56,18833,3844],{"class":1016},[56,18835,1045],{"class":76},[56,18837,18838],{"class":76}," []}\n",[20,18840,18841],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18843,18844],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[42,18846,5500,18848],{"id":18847},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18849,17753],{},[20,18851,18852,18854],{},[15,18853,17758],{}," is a good choice when:",[173,18856,18857,18860,18863],{},[176,18858,18859],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[176,18861,18862],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[176,18864,18865],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18867,2671],{},[47,18869,18871],{"className":49,"code":18870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18872,18873,18918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18874,18875,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18910,18912,18914,18916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18876,18877],{"class":65},"flags ",[56,18879,1217],{"class":827},[56,18881,9702],{"class":378},[56,18883,156],{"class":76},[56,18885,17818],{"class":95},[56,18887,3528],{"class":76},[56,18889,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18891,18892],{"class":1020},"is_admin",[56,18894,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18896,306],{"class":76},[56,18898,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18900,15613],{"class":1020},[56,18902,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18904,306],{"class":76},[56,18906,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18908,18909],{"class":1020},"is_verified",[56,18911,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18913,18597],{"class":76},[56,18915,4446],{"class":4393},[56,18917,99],{"class":76},[56,18919,18920,18922,18924,18927],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,18921,373],{"class":72},[56,18923,77],{"class":76},[56,18925,18926],{"class":95},"flags",[56,18928,99],{"class":76},[47,18930,18932],{"className":49,"code":18931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18933,18934,18979],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18935,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18953,18955,18957,18959,18962,18964,18966,18968,18971,18973,18975,18977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18937,5603],{"class":65},[56,18939,1217],{"class":827},[56,18941,9702],{"class":378},[56,18943,156],{"class":76},[56,18945,17818],{"class":95},[56,18947,3528],{"class":76},[56,18949,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18951,18952],{"class":1020},"math",[56,18954,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18956,306],{"class":76},[56,18958,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18960,18961],{"class":1020},"science",[56,18963,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18965,306],{"class":76},[56,18967,1231],{"class":1016},[56,18969,18970],{"class":1020},"history",[56,18972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,18974,18597],{"class":76},[56,18976,822],{"class":80},[56,18978,99],{"class":76},[56,18980,18981,18983,18985,18987],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,18982,373],{"class":72},[56,18984,77],{"class":76},[56,18986,16924],{"class":95},[56,18988,99],{"class":76},[20,18990,18991,18992,18994],{},"It is ",[37,18993,5170],{}," the best choice when:",[173,18996,18997,19000],{},[176,18998,18999],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[176,19001,19002],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[42,19004,19006,19008],{"id":19005},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,19007,17753],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,19010,19011,19013],{},[15,19012,17753],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[353,19015,958,19017],{"id":19016},"using-fromkeys",[15,19018,17753],{},[47,19020,19022],{"className":49,"code":19021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19023,19024,19069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19025,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19043,19045,19047,19049,19052,19054,19056,19058,19061,19063,19065,19067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19027,14360],{"class":65},[56,19029,1217],{"class":827},[56,19031,9702],{"class":378},[56,19033,156],{"class":76},[56,19035,17818],{"class":95},[56,19037,3528],{"class":76},[56,19039,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19041,19042],{"class":1020},"sound",[56,19044,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19046,306],{"class":76},[56,19048,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19050,19051],{"class":1020},"music",[56,19053,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19055,306],{"class":76},[56,19057,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19059,19060],{"class":1020},"notifications",[56,19062,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19064,18597],{"class":76},[56,19066,4455],{"class":4393},[56,19068,99],{"class":76},[56,19070,19071,19073,19075,19077],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19072,373],{"class":72},[56,19074,77],{"class":76},[56,19076,14419],{"class":95},[56,19078,99],{"class":76},[353,19080,19082],{"id":19081},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[47,19084,19086],{"className":49,"code":19085,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19087,19088,19096,19110,19124,19136,19140],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19089,19090,19092,19094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19091,14360],{"class":65},[56,19093,1217],{"class":827},[56,19095,12026],{"class":76},[56,19097,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19099,12031],{"class":1016},[56,19101,19042],{"class":1020},[56,19103,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19105,1045],{"class":76},[56,19107,4455],{"class":4393},[56,19109,12047],{"class":76},[56,19111,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19113,12031],{"class":1016},[56,19115,19051],{"class":1020},[56,19117,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19119,1045],{"class":76},[56,19121,4446],{"class":4393},[56,19123,12047],{"class":76},[56,19125,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,19127,12031],{"class":1016},[56,19129,19060],{"class":1020},[56,19131,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19133,1045],{"class":76},[56,19135,6955],{"class":4393},[56,19137,19138],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,19139,9841],{"class":76},[56,19141,19142,19144,19146,19148],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,19143,373],{"class":72},[56,19145,77],{"class":76},[56,19147,14419],{"class":95},[56,19149,99],{"class":76},[20,19151,19152],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[353,19154,19156],{"id":19155},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[47,19158,19160],{"className":49,"code":19159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19161,19162,19194,19218],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19163,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19165,17777],{"class":65},[56,19167,1217],{"class":827},[56,19169,1220],{"class":76},[56,19171,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19173,264],{"class":1020},[56,19175,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19177,306],{"class":76},[56,19179,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19181,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19183,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19185,306],{"class":76},[56,19187,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19189,1243],{"class":1020},[56,19191,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19193,427],{"class":76},[56,19195,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19197,9697],{"class":65},[56,19199,1217],{"class":827},[56,19201,11023],{"class":76},[56,19203,15376],{"class":65},[56,19205,1045],{"class":76},[56,19207,18739],{"class":76},[56,19209,4418],{"class":62},[56,19211,18744],{"class":65},[56,19213,69],{"class":62},[56,19215,18749],{"class":65},[56,19217,9841],{"class":76},[56,19219,19220,19222,19224,19226],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19221,373],{"class":72},[56,19223,77],{"class":76},[56,19225,9736],{"class":95},[56,19227,99],{"class":76},[20,19229,19230],{},"Use:",[173,19232,19233,19238,19241],{},[176,19234,19235,19237],{},[15,19236,17753],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[176,19239,19240],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[176,19242,19243],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19245,19246,19247,156],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[264,19248,11269,19249,11273],{"href":14567},[15,19250,15488],{},[42,19252,3374],{"id":3373},[20,19254,15268,19255,156],{},[15,19256,17758],{},[353,19258,19260],{"id":19259},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[47,19262,19264],{"className":49,"code":19263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19265,19266,19299,19322],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19267,19268,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19269,19270],{"class":65},"d ",[56,19272,1217],{"class":827},[56,19274,9702],{"class":378},[56,19276,156],{"class":76},[56,19278,17818],{"class":95},[56,19280,3528],{"class":76},[56,19282,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19284,264],{"class":1020},[56,19286,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19288,306],{"class":76},[56,19290,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19292,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19294,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19296,18597],{"class":76},[56,19298,18531],{"class":76},[56,19300,19301,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19302,19303],{"class":65},"d",[56,19305,402],{"class":76},[56,19307,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19309,264],{"class":1020},[56,19311,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19313,14084],{"class":76},[56,19315,14087],{"class":95},[56,19317,77],{"class":76},[56,19319,529],{"class":80},[56,19321,99],{"class":76},[56,19323,19324,19326,19328,19330],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19325,373],{"class":72},[56,19327,77],{"class":76},[56,19329,19303],{"class":95},[56,19331,99],{"class":76},[20,19333,239],{},[47,19335,19337],{"className":49,"code":19336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19338,19339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19340,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19342,9810],{"class":76},[56,19344,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19346,264],{"class":1020},[56,19348,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19350,1045],{"class":76},[56,19352,1220],{"class":76},[56,19354,529],{"class":80},[56,19356,18597],{"class":76},[56,19358,3839],{"class":1016},[56,19360,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19362,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19364,1045],{"class":76},[56,19366,1220],{"class":76},[56,19368,529],{"class":80},[56,19370,14240],{"class":76},[20,19372,19373],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19375,19376],{},"Use this instead:",[47,19378,19380],{"className":49,"code":19379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19381,19382,19406,19430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19383,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19385,17777],{"class":65},[56,19387,1217],{"class":827},[56,19389,1220],{"class":76},[56,19391,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19393,264],{"class":1020},[56,19395,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19397,306],{"class":76},[56,19399,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19401,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19403,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19405,427],{"class":76},[56,19407,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19409,19270],{"class":65},[56,19411,1217],{"class":827},[56,19413,11023],{"class":76},[56,19415,15376],{"class":65},[56,19417,1045],{"class":76},[56,19419,18739],{"class":76},[56,19421,4418],{"class":62},[56,19423,18744],{"class":65},[56,19425,69],{"class":62},[56,19427,18749],{"class":65},[56,19429,9841],{"class":76},[56,19431,19432,19434,19436,19438],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19433,373],{"class":72},[56,19435,77],{"class":76},[56,19437,19303],{"class":95},[56,19439,99],{"class":76},[353,19441,19443,19444,19446],{"id":19442},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19445,17753],{}," on a list",[20,19448,19449],{},"Wrong idea:",[47,19451,19453],{"className":49,"code":19452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19454,19455,19487],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19456,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19458,17777],{"class":65},[56,19460,1217],{"class":827},[56,19462,1220],{"class":76},[56,19464,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19466,264],{"class":1020},[56,19468,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19470,306],{"class":76},[56,19472,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19474,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19476,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19478,306],{"class":76},[56,19480,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19482,1243],{"class":1020},[56,19484,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19486,427],{"class":76},[56,19488,19489],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19490,19491],{"class":112},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19493,19494,19496,19497,1807,19499,156],{},[15,19495,17753],{}," belongs to ",[15,19498,9353],{},[15,19500,379],{},[20,19502,19503],{},"Correct usage:",[47,19505,19507],{"className":49,"code":19506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19508,19509,19541,19563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19510,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19512,17777],{"class":65},[56,19514,1217],{"class":827},[56,19516,1220],{"class":76},[56,19518,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19520,264],{"class":1020},[56,19522,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19524,306],{"class":76},[56,19526,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19528,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19530,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19532,306],{"class":76},[56,19534,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19536,1243],{"class":1020},[56,19538,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19540,427],{"class":76},[56,19542,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19544,19270],{"class":65},[56,19546,1217],{"class":827},[56,19548,9702],{"class":378},[56,19550,156],{"class":76},[56,19552,17818],{"class":95},[56,19554,77],{"class":76},[56,19556,17459],{"class":95},[56,19558,306],{"class":76},[56,19560,822],{"class":80},[56,19562,99],{"class":76},[56,19564,19565,19567,19569,19571],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19566,373],{"class":72},[56,19568,77],{"class":76},[56,19570,19303],{"class":95},[56,19572,99],{"class":76},[353,19574,8983,19576,19578],{"id":19575},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19577,17753],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19580,19581,19583],{},[15,19582,17758],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[47,19585,19587],{"className":49,"code":19586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19588,19589,19609,19643,19647,19657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19590,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19592,12620],{"class":65},[56,19594,1217],{"class":827},[56,19596,11023],{"class":76},[56,19598,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19600,2719],{"class":1020},[56,19602,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19604,1045],{"class":76},[56,19606,409],{"class":80},[56,19608,9841],{"class":76},[56,19610,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19612,13572],{"class":65},[56,19614,1217],{"class":827},[56,19616,9702],{"class":378},[56,19618,156],{"class":76},[56,19620,17818],{"class":95},[56,19622,3528],{"class":76},[56,19624,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19626,264],{"class":1020},[56,19628,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19630,306],{"class":76},[56,19632,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19634,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19636,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19638,18597],{"class":76},[56,19640,822],{"class":80},[56,19642,99],{"class":76},[56,19644,19645],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19646,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,19648,19649,19651,19653,19655],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,19650,373],{"class":72},[56,19652,77],{"class":76},[56,19654,12667],{"class":95},[56,19656,99],{"class":76},[56,19658,19659,19661,19663,19666],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,19660,373],{"class":72},[56,19662,77],{"class":76},[56,19664,19665],{"class":95},"new_dict",[56,19667,99],{"class":76},[20,19669,239],{},[47,19671,19673],{"className":49,"code":19672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19674,19675,19691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19676,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19678,9810],{"class":76},[56,19680,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19682,2719],{"class":1020},[56,19684,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19686,1045],{"class":76},[56,19688,409],{"class":80},[56,19690,9841],{"class":76},[56,19692,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19694,9810],{"class":76},[56,19696,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19698,264],{"class":1020},[56,19700,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19702,1045],{"class":76},[56,19704,822],{"class":80},[56,19706,306],{"class":76},[56,19708,3839],{"class":1016},[56,19710,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19712,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19714,1045],{"class":76},[56,19716,822],{"class":80},[56,19718,9841],{"class":76},[20,19720,19721,19722,156],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[264,19723,11269,19724,11273],{"href":14567},[15,19725,15488],{},[353,19727,19729,19730],{"id":19728},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19731,4319],{},[47,19733,19735],{"className":49,"code":19734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19736,19737,19767],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19738,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19740,19270],{"class":65},[56,19742,1217],{"class":827},[56,19744,9702],{"class":378},[56,19746,156],{"class":76},[56,19748,17818],{"class":95},[56,19750,3528],{"class":76},[56,19752,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19754,2719],{"class":1020},[56,19756,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19758,306],{"class":76},[56,19760,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19762,12279],{"class":1020},[56,19764,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19766,1294],{"class":76},[56,19768,19769,19771,19773,19775],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19770,373],{"class":72},[56,19772,77],{"class":76},[56,19774,19303],{"class":95},[56,19776,99],{"class":76},[20,19778,239],{},[47,19780,19782],{"className":49,"code":19781,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19783,19784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19785,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19787,9810],{"class":76},[56,19789,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19791,2719],{"class":1020},[56,19793,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19795,1045],{"class":76},[56,19797,4394],{"class":4393},[56,19799,306],{"class":76},[56,19801,3839],{"class":1016},[56,19803,12279],{"class":1020},[56,19805,3844],{"class":1016},[56,19807,1045],{"class":76},[56,19809,4394],{"class":4393},[56,19811,9841],{"class":76},[20,19813,19814,19815,156],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19816,4319],{},[42,19818,19820],{"id":19819},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19822,19823,19824,19826],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19825,17753],{}," works.",[47,19828,19830],{"className":49,"code":19829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19831,19832],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19833,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19835,373],{"class":72},[56,19837,77],{"class":76},[56,19839,9353],{"class":378},[56,19841,156],{"class":76},[56,19843,17818],{"class":95},[56,19845,3528],{"class":76},[56,19847,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19849,264],{"class":1020},[56,19851,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19853,306],{"class":76},[56,19855,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19857,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19859,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19861,18597],{"class":76},[56,19863,822],{"class":80},[56,19865,1635],{"class":76},[47,19867,19868],{"className":49,"code":19734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,19869,19870,19900],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19871,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19873,19270],{"class":65},[56,19875,1217],{"class":827},[56,19877,9702],{"class":378},[56,19879,156],{"class":76},[56,19881,17818],{"class":95},[56,19883,3528],{"class":76},[56,19885,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19887,2719],{"class":1020},[56,19889,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19891,306],{"class":76},[56,19893,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19895,12279],{"class":1020},[56,19897,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19899,1294],{"class":76},[56,19901,19902,19904,19906,19908],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19903,373],{"class":72},[56,19905,77],{"class":76},[56,19907,19303],{"class":95},[56,19909,99],{"class":76},[47,19911,19912],{"className":49,"code":19263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,19913,19914,19946,19968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19915,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19917,19270],{"class":65},[56,19919,1217],{"class":827},[56,19921,9702],{"class":378},[56,19923,156],{"class":76},[56,19925,17818],{"class":95},[56,19927,3528],{"class":76},[56,19929,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19931,264],{"class":1020},[56,19933,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19935,306],{"class":76},[56,19937,1231],{"class":1016},[56,19939,1234],{"class":1020},[56,19941,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19943,18597],{"class":76},[56,19945,18531],{"class":76},[56,19947,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,19949,19303],{"class":65},[56,19951,402],{"class":76},[56,19953,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19955,264],{"class":1020},[56,19957,1017],{"class":1016},[56,19959,14084],{"class":76},[56,19961,14087],{"class":95},[56,19963,77],{"class":76},[56,19965,529],{"class":80},[56,19967,99],{"class":76},[56,19969,19970,19972,19974,19976],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19971,373],{"class":72},[56,19973,77],{"class":76},[56,19975,19303],{"class":95},[56,19977,99],{"class":76},[47,19979,19981],{"className":49,"code":19980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19982,19983],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19984,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19986,373],{"class":72},[56,19988,77],{"class":76},[56,19990,2312],{"class":378},[56,19992,77],{"class":76},[56,19994,9353],{"class":378},[56,19996,156],{"class":76},[56,19998,17818],{"class":95},[56,20000,3528],{"class":76},[56,20002,529],{"class":80},[56,20004,306],{"class":76},[56,20006,414],{"class":80},[56,20008,306],{"class":76},[56,20010,419],{"class":80},[56,20012,18597],{"class":76},[56,20014,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20016,3017],{"class":1020},[56,20018,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20020,390],{"class":76},[42,20022,2343],{"id":2342},[353,20024,2347,20026,20028],{"id":20025},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20027,17753],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20030,20031],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[353,20033,20035],{"id":20034},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20037,20038,20039,156],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20040,4319],{},[353,20042,20044],{"id":20043},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20046,20047],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[353,20049,20051],{"id":20050},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20053,18687],{},[47,20055,20057],{"className":49,"code":20056,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20058,20059,20091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20060,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20062,17777],{"class":65},[56,20064,1217],{"class":827},[56,20066,1220],{"class":76},[56,20068,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20070,264],{"class":1020},[56,20072,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20074,306],{"class":76},[56,20076,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20078,1234],{"class":1020},[56,20080,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20082,306],{"class":76},[56,20084,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20086,1243],{"class":1020},[56,20088,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20090,427],{"class":76},[56,20092,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20094,9697],{"class":65},[56,20096,1217],{"class":827},[56,20098,11023],{"class":76},[56,20100,15376],{"class":65},[56,20102,1045],{"class":76},[56,20104,18739],{"class":76},[56,20106,4418],{"class":62},[56,20108,18744],{"class":65},[56,20110,69],{"class":62},[56,20112,18749],{"class":65},[56,20114,9841],{"class":76},[42,20116,2417],{"id":2416},[173,20118,20119,20123,20127,20131,20137],{},[176,20120,20121],{},[264,20122,11774],{"href":13560},[176,20124,20125],{},[264,20126,9687],{"href":13557},[176,20128,20129],{},[264,20130,11783],{"href":18438},[176,20132,20133],{},[264,20134,11269,20135,11273],{"href":14567},[15,20136,15488],{},[176,20138,20139],{},[264,20140,11269,20141,11273],{"href":15533},[15,20142,13310],{},[20,20144,2638,20145,20147],{},[15,20146,17758],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2451,20149,20150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":20152},[20153,20154,20156,20160,20161,20163,20168,20170,20177,20186,20187,20194],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":17858,"depth":87,"text":20155},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17902,"depth":87,"text":17903,"children":20157},[20158,20159],{"id":17929,"depth":102,"text":17930},{"id":17953,"depth":102,"text":17954},{"id":6325,"depth":87,"text":6326},{"id":18113,"depth":87,"text":20162},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18442,"depth":87,"text":18443,"children":20164},[20165,20166,20167],{"id":18472,"depth":102,"text":18473},{"id":18635,"depth":102,"text":18636},{"id":18683,"depth":102,"text":18684},{"id":18847,"depth":87,"text":20169},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19005,"depth":87,"text":20171,"children":20172},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20173,20175,20176],{"id":19016,"depth":102,"text":20174},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19081,"depth":102,"text":19082},{"id":19155,"depth":102,"text":19156},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":20178},[20179,20180,20182,20184],{"id":19259,"depth":102,"text":19260},{"id":19442,"depth":102,"text":20181},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19575,"depth":102,"text":20183},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19728,"depth":102,"text":20185},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19819,"depth":87,"text":19820},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":20188},[20189,20191,20192,20193],{"id":20025,"depth":102,"text":20190},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20034,"depth":102,"text":20035},{"id":20043,"depth":102,"text":20044},{"id":20050,"depth":102,"text":20051},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17745,"description":20195},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20202,"title":20203,"body":20204,"description":22034,"extension":2509,"meta":22035,"navigation":105,"path":22036,"seo":22037,"stem":22038,"__hash__":22039},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20205,"toc":22001},[20206,20211,20217,20228,20358,20365,20370,20374,20390,20392,20490,20493,20510,20514,20516,20521,20559,20562,20580,20582,20700,20705,20709,20725,20728,20864,20867,20872,20878,20881,20918,20921,20925,20930,21006,21010,21015,21097,21099,21115,21120,21124,21130,21199,21202,21219,21222,21304,21310,21313,21333,21337,21342,21348,21354,21425,21428,21434,21437,21511,21518,21524,21532,21542,21544,21639,21645,21650,21737,21743,21745,21750,21772,21775,21870,21873,21904,21917,21919,21927,21933,21939,21942,21948,21953,21960,21965,21967,21998],[10,20207,11850,20209,11854],{"id":20208},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20210,11272],{},[20,20212,20213,20214,20216],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20215,11272],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20218,20219,20220,2735,20223,2942,20225,20227],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20221,20222],{},"KeyError",[15,20224,11272],{},[15,20226,4319],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[47,20229,20231],{"className":49,"code":20230,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20232,20233,20269,20273,20299,20324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20234,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20236,13738],{"class":65},[56,20238,1217],{"class":827},[56,20240,11023],{"class":76},[56,20242,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20244,8201],{"class":1020},[56,20246,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20248,1045],{"class":76},[56,20250,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20252,13414],{"class":1020},[56,20254,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20256,306],{"class":76},[56,20258,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20260,9831],{"class":1020},[56,20262,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20264,1045],{"class":76},[56,20266,9838],{"class":80},[56,20268,9841],{"class":76},[56,20270,20271],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20272,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,20274,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20276,373],{"class":72},[56,20278,77],{"class":76},[56,20280,17842],{"class":95},[56,20282,156],{"class":76},[56,20284,20285],{"class":95},"get",[56,20287,77],{"class":76},[56,20289,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20291,8201],{"class":1020},[56,20293,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20295,5901],{"class":76},[56,20297,20298],{"class":112},"           # Ana\n",[56,20300,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,20302,373],{"class":72},[56,20304,77],{"class":76},[56,20306,17842],{"class":95},[56,20308,156],{"class":76},[56,20310,20285],{"class":95},[56,20312,77],{"class":76},[56,20314,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20316,10941],{"class":1020},[56,20318,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20320,5901],{"class":76},[56,20322,20323],{"class":112},"           # None\n",[56,20325,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20351,20353,20355],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,20327,373],{"class":72},[56,20329,77],{"class":76},[56,20331,17842],{"class":95},[56,20333,156],{"class":76},[56,20335,20285],{"class":95},[56,20337,77],{"class":76},[56,20339,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20341,10941],{"class":1020},[56,20343,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20345,306],{"class":76},[56,20347,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20349,20350],{"class":1020},"N\u002FA",[56,20352,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20354,5901],{"class":76},[56,20356,20357],{"class":112},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20359,2638,20360,20362,20363,156],{},[15,20361,11272],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20364,20222],{},[42,20366,160,20368,163],{"id":20367},"what-get-does",[15,20369,11272],{},[20,20371,2526,20372,11945],{},[15,20373,11272],{},[173,20375,20376,20379,20384,20387],{},[176,20377,20378],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[176,20380,11956,20381,20383],{},[15,20382,4319],{}," if the key does not exist",[176,20385,20386],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[176,20388,20389],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20391,986],{},[47,20393,20395],{"className":49,"code":20394,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20396,20397,20436,20440,20465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20398,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20418,20420,20422,20424,20427,20429,20431,20434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20400,13397],{"class":65},[56,20402,1217],{"class":827},[56,20404,11023],{"class":76},[56,20406,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20408,8201],{"class":1020},[56,20410,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20412,1045],{"class":76},[56,20414,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20416,20417],{"class":1020},"Lina",[56,20419,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20421,306],{"class":76},[56,20423,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20425,20426],{"class":1020},"grade",[56,20428,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20430,1045],{"class":76},[56,20432,20433],{"class":80}," 90",[56,20435,9841],{"class":76},[56,20437,20438],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20439,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,20441,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20443,373],{"class":72},[56,20445,77],{"class":76},[56,20447,14160],{"class":95},[56,20449,156],{"class":76},[56,20451,20285],{"class":95},[56,20453,77],{"class":76},[56,20455,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20457,8201],{"class":1020},[56,20459,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20461,5901],{"class":76},[56,20463,20464],{"class":112},"     # Lina\n",[56,20466,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,20468,373],{"class":72},[56,20470,77],{"class":76},[56,20472,14160],{"class":95},[56,20474,156],{"class":76},[56,20476,20285],{"class":95},[56,20478,77],{"class":76},[56,20480,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20482,15793],{"class":1020},[56,20484,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20486,5901],{"class":76},[56,20488,20489],{"class":112},"    # None\n",[20,20491,20492],{},"In this example:",[173,20494,20495,20500],{},[176,20496,20497,20499],{},[15,20498,15774],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[176,20501,20502,20505,20506,2942,20508],{},[15,20503,20504],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20507,11272],{},[15,20509,4319],{},[20,20511,13554,20512,156],{},[264,20513,9687],{"href":9686},[42,20515,2702],{"id":2701},[20,20517,20518,20519,1045],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20520,11272],{},[47,20522,20524],{"className":49,"code":20523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20525,20526,20540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20527,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20529,16139],{"class":65},[56,20531,156],{"class":76},[56,20533,20285],{"class":95},[56,20535,77],{"class":76},[56,20537,15376],{"class":95},[56,20539,99],{"class":76},[56,20541,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20557],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20543,16139],{"class":65},[56,20545,156],{"class":76},[56,20547,20285],{"class":95},[56,20549,77],{"class":76},[56,20551,15376],{"class":95},[56,20553,306],{"class":76},[56,20555,20556],{"class":95}," default_value",[56,20558,99],{"class":76},[20,20560,20561],{},"What each part means:",[173,20563,20564,20569,20575],{},[176,20565,20566,20568],{},[15,20567,15376],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[176,20570,20571,20574],{},[15,20572,20573],{},"default_value"," is optional",[176,20576,20577,20578],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20579,4319],{},[20,20581,986],{},[47,20583,20585],{"className":49,"code":20584,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20586,20587,20611,20615,20640,20666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20588,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20590,14360],{"class":65},[56,20592,1217],{"class":827},[56,20594,11023],{"class":76},[56,20596,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20598,13028],{"class":1020},[56,20600,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20602,1045],{"class":76},[56,20604,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20606,13037],{"class":1020},[56,20608,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20610,9841],{"class":76},[56,20612,20613],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20614,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,20616,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20618,373],{"class":72},[56,20620,77],{"class":76},[56,20622,14419],{"class":95},[56,20624,156],{"class":76},[56,20626,20285],{"class":95},[56,20628,77],{"class":76},[56,20630,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20632,13028],{"class":1020},[56,20634,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20636,5901],{"class":76},[56,20638,20639],{"class":112},"            # dark\n",[56,20641,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20659,20661,20663],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,20643,373],{"class":72},[56,20645,77],{"class":76},[56,20647,14419],{"class":95},[56,20649,156],{"class":76},[56,20651,20285],{"class":95},[56,20653,77],{"class":76},[56,20655,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20657,20658],{"class":1020},"language",[56,20660,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20662,5901],{"class":76},[56,20664,20665],{"class":112},"         # None\n",[56,20667,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20693,20695,20697],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,20669,373],{"class":72},[56,20671,77],{"class":76},[56,20673,14419],{"class":95},[56,20675,156],{"class":76},[56,20677,20285],{"class":95},[56,20679,77],{"class":76},[56,20681,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20683,20658],{"class":1020},[56,20685,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20687,306],{"class":76},[56,20689,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20691,20692],{"class":1020},"en",[56,20694,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20696,5901],{"class":76},[56,20698,20699],{"class":112},"   # en\n",[42,20701,5500,20703],{"id":20702},"when-to-use-get",[15,20704,11272],{},[20,20706,2638,20707,11133],{},[15,20708,11272],{},[173,20710,20711,20714,20719,20722],{},[176,20712,20713],{},"A key might not exist",[176,20715,20716,20717],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20718,20222],{},[176,20720,20721],{},"You are reading optional data",[176,20723,20724],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20726,20727],{},"Example with optional user data:",[47,20729,20731],{"className":49,"code":20730,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20732,20733,20775,20779,20804,20830],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20734,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20771,20773],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20736,12021],{"class":65},[56,20738,1217],{"class":827},[56,20740,11023],{"class":76},[56,20742,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20744,8518],{"class":1020},[56,20746,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20748,1045],{"class":76},[56,20750,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20752,20753],{"class":1020},"sam",[56,20755,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20757,306],{"class":76},[56,20759,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20761,15793],{"class":1020},[56,20763,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20765,1045],{"class":76},[56,20767,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20769,20770],{"class":1020},"sam@example.com",[56,20772,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20774,9841],{"class":76},[56,20776,20777],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20778,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,20780,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20782,373],{"class":72},[56,20784,77],{"class":76},[56,20786,12115],{"class":95},[56,20788,156],{"class":76},[56,20790,20285],{"class":95},[56,20792,77],{"class":76},[56,20794,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20796,8518],{"class":1020},[56,20798,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20800,5901],{"class":76},[56,20802,20803],{"class":112},"              # sam\n",[56,20805,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20823,20825,20827],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,20807,373],{"class":72},[56,20809,77],{"class":76},[56,20811,12115],{"class":95},[56,20813,156],{"class":76},[56,20815,20285],{"class":95},[56,20817,77],{"class":76},[56,20819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20821,20822],{"class":1020},"phone",[56,20824,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20826,5901],{"class":76},[56,20828,20829],{"class":112},"                 # None\n",[56,20831,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20857,20859,20861],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,20833,373],{"class":72},[56,20835,77],{"class":76},[56,20837,12115],{"class":95},[56,20839,156],{"class":76},[56,20841,20285],{"class":95},[56,20843,77],{"class":76},[56,20845,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20847,20822],{"class":1020},[56,20849,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20851,306],{"class":76},[56,20853,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20855,20856],{"class":1020},"Not provided",[56,20858,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20860,5901],{"class":76},[56,20862,20863],{"class":112}," # Not provided\n",[20,20865,20866],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20868,20869,20870,156],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[264,20871,17133],{"href":17132},[42,20873,20875,20877],{"id":20874},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20876,11272],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20879,20880],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[47,20882,20884],{"className":49,"code":20883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20885,20886,20900],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20887,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20889,9736],{"class":65},[56,20891,402],{"class":76},[56,20893,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20895,15376],{"class":1020},[56,20897,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20899,427],{"class":76},[56,20901,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20903,9736],{"class":65},[56,20905,156],{"class":76},[56,20907,20285],{"class":95},[56,20909,77],{"class":76},[56,20911,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20913,15376],{"class":1020},[56,20915,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20917,99],{"class":76},[20,20919,20920],{},"The difference is important.",[353,20922,20924],{"id":20923},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20926,20927,20928,156],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20929,20222],{},[47,20931,20933],{"className":49,"code":20932,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20934,20935,20959,20963,20985],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20936,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20938,9697],{"class":65},[56,20940,1217],{"class":827},[56,20942,11023],{"class":76},[56,20944,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20946,8201],{"class":1020},[56,20948,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20950,1045],{"class":76},[56,20952,1231],{"class":1016},[56,20954,13414],{"class":1020},[56,20956,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20958,9841],{"class":76},[56,20960,20961],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,20962,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,20964,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20982],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20966,373],{"class":72},[56,20968,77],{"class":76},[56,20970,9736],{"class":95},[56,20972,402],{"class":76},[56,20974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20976,8201],{"class":1020},[56,20978,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20980,20981],{"class":76},"])",[56,20983,20984],{"class":112},"   # Ana\n",[56,20986,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,20988,373],{"class":72},[56,20990,77],{"class":76},[56,20992,9736],{"class":95},[56,20994,402],{"class":76},[56,20996,1017],{"class":1016},[56,20998,10941],{"class":1020},[56,21000,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21002,20981],{"class":76},[56,21004,21005],{"class":112},"   # KeyError\n",[353,21007,21008],{"id":20285},[15,21009,11272],{},[20,21011,21012,21014],{},[15,21013,11272],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[47,21016,21018],{"className":49,"code":21017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,21019,21020,21044,21048,21072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21021,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21023,9697],{"class":65},[56,21025,1217],{"class":827},[56,21027,11023],{"class":76},[56,21029,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21031,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21033,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21035,1045],{"class":76},[56,21037,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21039,13414],{"class":1020},[56,21041,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21043,9841],{"class":76},[56,21045,21046],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21047,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,21049,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21051,373],{"class":72},[56,21053,77],{"class":76},[56,21055,9736],{"class":95},[56,21057,156],{"class":76},[56,21059,20285],{"class":95},[56,21061,77],{"class":76},[56,21063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21065,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21067,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21069,5901],{"class":76},[56,21071,20984],{"class":112},[56,21073,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,21075,373],{"class":72},[56,21077,77],{"class":76},[56,21079,9736],{"class":95},[56,21081,156],{"class":76},[56,21083,20285],{"class":95},[56,21085,77],{"class":76},[56,21087,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21089,10941],{"class":1020},[56,21091,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21093,5901],{"class":76},[56,21095,21096],{"class":112},"   # None\n",[20,21098,19230],{},[173,21100,21101,21107],{},[176,21102,21103,21104],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[37,21105,21106],{},"must exist",[176,21108,21109,21111,21112],{},[15,21110,11272],{}," when the key is ",[37,21113,21114],{},"optional",[20,21116,21117,21118,156],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[264,21119,11794],{"href":11606},[42,21121,21123],{"id":21122},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21125,21126,21127,21129],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21128,11272],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[47,21131,21133],{"className":49,"code":21132,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21134,21135,21160,21164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21136,21137,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21138,21139],{"class":65},"profile ",[56,21141,1217],{"class":827},[56,21143,11023],{"class":76},[56,21145,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21147,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21149,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21151,1045],{"class":76},[56,21153,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21155,8454],{"class":1020},[56,21157,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21159,9841],{"class":76},[56,21161,21162],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21163,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,21165,21166,21168,21170,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21192,21194,21196],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21167,373],{"class":72},[56,21169,77],{"class":76},[56,21171,21172],{"class":95},"profile",[56,21174,156],{"class":76},[56,21176,20285],{"class":95},[56,21178,77],{"class":76},[56,21180,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21182,15796],{"class":1020},[56,21184,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21186,306],{"class":76},[56,21188,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21190,21191],{"class":1020},"Unknown",[56,21193,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21195,5901],{"class":76},[56,21197,21198],{"class":112},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21200,21201],{},"This is useful for display text:",[173,21203,21204,21209,21214],{},[176,21205,21206],{},[15,21207,21208],{},"\"Unknown\"",[176,21210,21211],{},[15,21212,21213],{},"\"Not set\"",[176,21215,21216],{},[15,21217,21218],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21220,21221],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[47,21223,21225],{"className":49,"code":21224,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21226,21227,21259,21263,21290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21228,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21230,5603],{"class":65},[56,21232,1217],{"class":827},[56,21234,11023],{"class":76},[56,21236,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21238,18952],{"class":1020},[56,21240,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21242,1045],{"class":76},[56,21244,534],{"class":80},[56,21246,306],{"class":76},[56,21248,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21250,18961],{"class":1020},[56,21252,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21254,1045],{"class":76},[56,21256,2272],{"class":80},[56,21258,9841],{"class":76},[56,21260,21261],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21262,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,21264,21265,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21266,21267],{"class":65},"total_history ",[56,21269,1217],{"class":827},[56,21271,5650],{"class":65},[56,21273,156],{"class":76},[56,21275,20285],{"class":95},[56,21277,77],{"class":76},[56,21279,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21281,18970],{"class":1020},[56,21283,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21285,306],{"class":76},[56,21287,822],{"class":80},[56,21289,99],{"class":76},[56,21291,21292,21294,21296,21299,21301],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,21293,373],{"class":72},[56,21295,77],{"class":76},[56,21297,21298],{"class":95},"total_history",[56,21300,4202],{"class":76},[56,21302,21303],{"class":112},"   # 0\n",[20,21305,21306,21307,21309],{},"Here, ",[15,21308,152],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21311,21312],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[173,21314,21315,21318,21323,21328],{},[176,21316,21317],{},"Use a string for text",[176,21319,2638,21320,21322],{},[15,21321,152],{}," for numbers",[176,21324,2638,21325,21327],{},[15,21326,4328],{}," for lists if needed",[176,21329,2638,21330,21332],{},[15,21331,4333],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[42,21334,21336],{"id":21335},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21338,21339,21340,156],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21341,11272],{},[353,21343,21345,21347],{"id":21344},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21346,11272],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21349,21350,21351,21353],{},"This code does ",[37,21352,5170],{}," create a new key:",[47,21355,21357],{"className":49,"code":21356,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21358,21359,21383,21387,21412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21360,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21362,13738],{"class":65},[56,21364,1217],{"class":827},[56,21366,11023],{"class":76},[56,21368,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21370,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21372,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21374,1045],{"class":76},[56,21376,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21378,13414],{"class":1020},[56,21380,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21382,9841],{"class":76},[56,21384,21385],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21386,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,21388,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21390,373],{"class":72},[56,21392,77],{"class":76},[56,21394,17842],{"class":95},[56,21396,156],{"class":76},[56,21398,20285],{"class":95},[56,21400,77],{"class":76},[56,21402,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21404,10941],{"class":1020},[56,21406,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21408,5901],{"class":76},[56,21410,21411],{"class":112},"  # None\n",[56,21413,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,21415,373],{"class":72},[56,21417,77],{"class":76},[56,21419,17842],{"class":95},[56,21421,4202],{"class":76},[56,21423,21424],{"class":112},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21426,21427],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[353,21429,21431,21433],{"id":21430},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21432,11272],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21435,21436],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[47,21438,21440],{"className":49,"code":21439,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21441,21442,21468,21472,21498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21443,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21455,21457,21459,21461,21464,21466],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21445,14360],{"class":65},[56,21447,1217],{"class":827},[56,21449,11023],{"class":76},[56,21451,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21453,21454],{"class":1020},"mode",[56,21456,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21458,1045],{"class":76},[56,21460,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21462,21463],{"class":1020},"light",[56,21465,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21467,9841],{"class":76},[56,21469,21470],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21471,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,21473,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21475,14419],{"class":65},[56,21477,156],{"class":76},[56,21479,20285],{"class":95},[56,21481,77],{"class":76},[56,21483,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21485,13028],{"class":1020},[56,21487,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21489,306],{"class":76},[56,21491,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21493,13037],{"class":1020},[56,21495,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21497,99],{"class":76},[56,21499,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,21501,373],{"class":72},[56,21503,77],{"class":76},[56,21505,14419],{"class":95},[56,21507,4202],{"class":76},[56,21509,21510],{"class":112},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21512,21513,21514,21517],{},"Even though ",[15,21515,21516],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[353,21519,21521,21522],{"id":21520},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21523,4319],{},[20,21525,21526,21527,2942,21529,21531],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21528,11272],{},[15,21530,4319],{}," because:",[173,21533,21534,21537],{},[176,21535,21536],{},"The key is missing, or",[176,21538,21539,21540],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21541,4319],{},[20,21543,986],{},[47,21545,21547],{"className":49,"code":21546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21548,21549,21586,21590,21614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21550,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21578,21580,21582,21584],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21552,9697],{"class":65},[56,21554,1217],{"class":827},[56,21556,11023],{"class":76},[56,21558,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21560,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21562,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21564,1045],{"class":76},[56,21566,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21568,13414],{"class":1020},[56,21570,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21572,306],{"class":76},[56,21574,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21576,21577],{"class":1020},"nickname",[56,21579,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21581,1045],{"class":76},[56,21583,4394],{"class":4393},[56,21585,9841],{"class":76},[56,21587,21588],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21589,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,21591,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21593,373],{"class":72},[56,21595,77],{"class":76},[56,21597,9736],{"class":95},[56,21599,156],{"class":76},[56,21601,20285],{"class":95},[56,21603,77],{"class":76},[56,21605,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21607,21577],{"class":1020},[56,21609,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21611,5901],{"class":76},[56,21613,21411],{"class":112},[56,21615,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,21617,373],{"class":72},[56,21619,77],{"class":76},[56,21621,9736],{"class":95},[56,21623,156],{"class":76},[56,21625,20285],{"class":95},[56,21627,77],{"class":76},[56,21629,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21631,10941],{"class":1020},[56,21633,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21635,5901],{"class":76},[56,21637,21638],{"class":112},"      # None\n",[20,21640,21641,21642,21644],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21643,4319],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21646,21647,21648,1045],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21649,69],{},[47,21651,21653],{"className":49,"code":21652,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21654,21655,21691,21695,21716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21656,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21658,9697],{"class":65},[56,21660,1217],{"class":827},[56,21662,11023],{"class":76},[56,21664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21666,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21668,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21670,1045],{"class":76},[56,21672,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21674,13414],{"class":1020},[56,21676,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21678,306],{"class":76},[56,21680,1231],{"class":1016},[56,21682,21577],{"class":1020},[56,21684,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21686,1045],{"class":76},[56,21688,4394],{"class":4393},[56,21690,9841],{"class":76},[56,21692,21693],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21694,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,21696,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21710,21712,21714],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21698,373],{"class":72},[56,21700,77],{"class":76},[56,21702,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21704,21577],{"class":1020},[56,21706,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21708,21709],{"class":62}," in",[56,21711,15101],{"class":95},[56,21713,4202],{"class":76},[56,21715,4205],{"class":112},[56,21717,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,21719,373],{"class":72},[56,21721,77],{"class":76},[56,21723,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21725,10941],{"class":1020},[56,21727,1017],{"class":1016},[56,21729,21709],{"class":62},[56,21731,15101],{"class":95},[56,21733,4202],{"class":76},[56,21735,21736],{"class":112},"      # False\n",[20,21738,21739,21740,156],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[264,21741,21742],{"href":17688},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[42,21744,3374],{"id":3373},[20,21746,21747,21748,1045],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21749,11272],{},[173,21751,21752,21757,21764,21769],{},[176,21753,21754,21755],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21756,20222],{},[176,21758,2103,21759,2942,21761,21763],{},[15,21760,11272],{},[15,21762,4319],{}," if no default is provided",[176,21765,1796,21766,21768],{},[15,21767,11272],{}," creates a key automatically",[176,21770,21771],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21773,21774],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[47,21776,21778],{"className":49,"code":21777,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21779,21780,21790,21804,21822,21844],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21781,21782,21784,21786,21788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21783,373],{"class":72},[56,21785,77],{"class":76},[56,21787,11982],{"class":95},[56,21789,99],{"class":76},[56,21791,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,21793,373],{"class":72},[56,21795,77],{"class":76},[56,21797,11982],{"class":95},[56,21799,156],{"class":76},[56,21801,17459],{"class":95},[56,21803,7726],{"class":76},[56,21805,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21807,373],{"class":72},[56,21809,77],{"class":76},[56,21811,3844],{"class":1016},[56,21813,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21815,3844],{"class":1016},[56,21817,21709],{"class":62},[56,21819,12300],{"class":95},[56,21821,99],{"class":76},[56,21823,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,21825,373],{"class":72},[56,21827,77],{"class":76},[56,21829,11982],{"class":95},[56,21831,156],{"class":76},[56,21833,20285],{"class":95},[56,21835,77],{"class":76},[56,21837,3844],{"class":1016},[56,21839,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21841,3844],{"class":1016},[56,21843,1635],{"class":76},[56,21845,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,21847,373],{"class":72},[56,21849,77],{"class":76},[56,21851,2312],{"class":378},[56,21853,77],{"class":76},[56,21855,11982],{"class":95},[56,21857,156],{"class":76},[56,21859,20285],{"class":95},[56,21861,77],{"class":76},[56,21863,3844],{"class":1016},[56,21865,8201],{"class":1020},[56,21867,3844],{"class":1016},[56,21869,390],{"class":76},[20,21871,21872],{},"What these checks tell you:",[173,21874,21875,21880,21886,21892,21898],{},[176,21876,21877,21879],{},[15,21878,13213],{}," shows the full dictionary",[176,21881,21882,21885],{},[15,21883,21884],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[176,21887,21888,21891],{},[15,21889,21890],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[176,21893,21894,21897],{},[15,21895,21896],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[176,21899,21900,21903],{},[15,21901,21902],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21905,21906,21907,4935,21912,21916],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[264,21908,21909,21910,11273],{"href":17597},"the dictionary ",[15,21911,17600],{},[264,21913,21909,21914,11273],{"href":17610},[15,21915,17613],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[42,21918,2343],{"id":2342},[353,21920,2347,21922,21924,21925,2363],{"id":21921},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21923,11272],{}," raise ",[15,21926,20222],{},[20,21928,21929,21930,21932],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21931,4319],{}," or the default value you provide.",[353,21934,2347,21936,21938],{"id":21935},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21937,11272],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21940,21941],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[353,21943,21945,21946,2363],{"id":21944},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21947,11272],{},[20,21949,21950,21952],{},[15,21951,4319],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[353,21954,21956,21957,21959],{"id":21955},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21958,11272],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21961,2638,21962,21964],{},[15,21963,11272],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[42,21966,2417],{"id":2416},[173,21968,21969,21973,21979,21985,21989,21994],{},[176,21970,21971],{},[264,21972,9687],{"href":9686},[176,21974,21975],{},[264,21976,11269,21977,11273],{"href":17597},[15,21978,17600],{},[176,21980,21981],{},[264,21982,11269,21983,11273],{"href":17610},[15,21984,17613],{},[176,21986,21987],{},[264,21988,17689],{"href":17688},[176,21990,21991],{},[264,21992,21993],{"href":17132},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[176,21995,21996],{},[264,21997,11794],{"href":11606},[2451,21999,22000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":22002},[22003,22005,22006,22008,22013,22014,22022,22023,22033],{"id":20367,"depth":87,"text":22004},"What get() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":20702,"depth":87,"text":22007},"When to use get()",{"id":20874,"depth":87,"text":22009,"children":22010},"get() vs square brackets",[22011,22012],{"id":20923,"depth":102,"text":20924},{"id":20285,"depth":102,"text":11272},{"id":21122,"depth":87,"text":21123},{"id":21335,"depth":87,"text":21336,"children":22015},[22016,22018,22020],{"id":21344,"depth":102,"text":22017},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21430,"depth":102,"text":22019},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21520,"depth":102,"text":22021},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":22024},[22025,22027,22029,22031],{"id":21921,"depth":102,"text":22026},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21935,"depth":102,"text":22028},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21944,"depth":102,"text":22030},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21955,"depth":102,"text":22032},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20203,"description":22034},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22041,"title":22042,"body":22043,"description":24598,"extension":2509,"meta":24599,"navigation":105,"path":24600,"seo":24601,"stem":24602,"__hash__":24603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22044,"toc":24564},[22045,22050,22056,22062,22064,22146,22150,22167,22172,22177,22182,22184,22198,22200,22263,22267,22307,22315,22317,22319,22334,22337,22350,22352,22431,22435,22501,22503,22507,22515,22517,22528,22530,22640,22644,22723,22729,22735,22740,22853,22857,22889,22892,22999,23005,23012,23016,23019,23122,23126,23187,23190,23193,23204,23213,23216,23233,23235,23334,23338,23413,23416,23439,23444,23449,23466,23468,23589,23593,23627,23629,23634,23641,23651,23653,23731,23734,23805,23815,23818,23849,23852,23891,23897,23904,23907,23998,24002,24083,24089,24092,24095,24200,24203,24206,24328,24332,24335,24402,24406,24443,24449,24451,24457,24462,24468,24474,24480,24483,24522,24528,24531,24533,24561],[10,22046,11850,22048,11854],{"id":22047},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,22049,17613],{},[20,22051,2526,22052,22055],{},[15,22053,22054],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,22057,22058,22059,22061],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,22060,17613],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[42,22063,45],{"id":44},[47,22065,22067],{"className":49,"code":22066,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22068,22069,22105,22109,22132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22070,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22072,13738],{"class":65},[56,22074,1217],{"class":827},[56,22076,11023],{"class":76},[56,22078,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22080,8201],{"class":1020},[56,22082,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22084,1045],{"class":76},[56,22086,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22088,13414],{"class":1020},[56,22090,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22092,306],{"class":76},[56,22094,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22096,9831],{"class":1020},[56,22098,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22100,1045],{"class":76},[56,22102,9838],{"class":80},[56,22104,9841],{"class":76},[56,22106,22107],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22108,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22110,22111,22113,22116,22118,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22112,31],{"class":62},[56,22114,22115],{"class":65}," key",[56,22117,306],{"class":76},[56,22119,22120],{"class":65}," value ",[56,22122,69],{"class":62},[56,22124,13781],{"class":65},[56,22126,156],{"class":76},[56,22128,1271],{"class":95},[56,22130,22131],{"class":76},"():\n",[56,22133,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,22135,90],{"class":72},[56,22137,77],{"class":76},[56,22139,15376],{"class":95},[56,22141,306],{"class":76},[56,22143,8963],{"class":95},[56,22145,99],{"class":76},[20,22147,22148],{},[37,22149,239],{},[47,22151,22153],{"className":49,"code":22152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22154,22155,22160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22156,22157],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22158,22159],{"class":65},"name Ana\n",[56,22161,22162,22165],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22163,22164],{"class":65},"age ",[56,22166,3252],{"class":80},[20,22168,2638,22169,22171],{},[15,22170,17613],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[42,22173,160,22175,163],{"id":22174},"what-items-does",[15,22176,17613],{},[20,22178,22179,22181],{},[15,22180,17613],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22183,11991],{},[173,22185,22186,22192,22195],{},[176,22187,22188,22189],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22190,22191],{},"(key, value)",[176,22193,22194],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[176,22196,22197],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22199,986],{},[47,22201,22203],{"className":49,"code":22202,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22204,22205,22241,22245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22206,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22208,13738],{"class":65},[56,22210,1217],{"class":827},[56,22212,11023],{"class":76},[56,22214,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22216,8201],{"class":1020},[56,22218,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22220,1045],{"class":76},[56,22222,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22224,13414],{"class":1020},[56,22226,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22228,306],{"class":76},[56,22230,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22232,9831],{"class":1020},[56,22234,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22236,1045],{"class":76},[56,22238,9838],{"class":80},[56,22240,9841],{"class":76},[56,22242,22243],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22244,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22246,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22248,373],{"class":72},[56,22250,77],{"class":76},[56,22252,379],{"class":378},[56,22254,77],{"class":76},[56,22256,17842],{"class":95},[56,22258,156],{"class":76},[56,22260,1271],{"class":95},[56,22262,6825],{"class":76},[20,22264,22265],{},[37,22266,239],{},[47,22268,22270],{"className":49,"code":22269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22271,22272],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22273,22274,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22275,22276],{"class":76},"[(",[56,22278,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22280,8201],{"class":1020},[56,22282,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22284,306],{"class":76},[56,22286,3839],{"class":1016},[56,22288,13414],{"class":1020},[56,22290,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22292,9765],{"class":76},[56,22294,9768],{"class":76},[56,22296,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22298,9831],{"class":1020},[56,22300,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22302,306],{"class":76},[56,22304,9838],{"class":80},[56,22306,9781],{"class":76},[20,22308,22309,22310,3422,22312,156],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[264,22311,9687],{"href":13557},[264,22313,15559],{"href":22314},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[42,22316,2702],{"id":2701},[20,22318,5974],{},[47,22320,22322],{"className":49,"code":22321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22323,22324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22325,22326,22328,22330,22332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22327,11982],{"class":65},[56,22329,156],{"class":76},[56,22331,1271],{"class":95},[56,22333,9174],{"class":76},[20,22335,22336],{},"Things to remember:",[173,22338,22339,22344,22347],{},[176,22340,22341,22343],{},[15,22342,17613],{}," does not take any arguments",[176,22345,22346],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[176,22348,22349],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22351,986],{},[47,22353,22355],{"className":49,"code":22354,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22356,22357,22389,22393,22407,22411,22421],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22358,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22360,5603],{"class":65},[56,22362,1217],{"class":827},[56,22364,11023],{"class":76},[56,22366,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22368,5543],{"class":1020},[56,22370,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22372,1045],{"class":76},[56,22374,20433],{"class":80},[56,22376,306],{"class":76},[56,22378,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22380,5552],{"class":1020},[56,22382,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22384,1045],{"class":76},[56,22386,14041],{"class":80},[56,22388,9841],{"class":76},[56,22390,22391],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22392,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22394,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22396,2775],{"class":65},[56,22398,1217],{"class":827},[56,22400,5650],{"class":65},[56,22402,156],{"class":76},[56,22404,1271],{"class":95},[56,22406,9174],{"class":76},[56,22408,22409],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,22410,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22412,22413,22415,22417,22419],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,22414,373],{"class":72},[56,22416,77],{"class":76},[56,22418,2809],{"class":95},[56,22420,99],{"class":76},[56,22422,22423,22425,22427,22429],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,22424,373],{"class":72},[56,22426,77],{"class":76},[56,22428,16924],{"class":95},[56,22430,99],{"class":76},[20,22432,22433],{},[37,22434,239],{},[47,22436,22438],{"className":49,"code":22437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22439,22440,22473],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22441,22442,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22443,22444],{"class":95},"dict_items",[56,22446,10190],{"class":76},[56,22448,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22450,5543],{"class":1020},[56,22452,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22454,306],{"class":76},[56,22456,20433],{"class":80},[56,22458,9765],{"class":76},[56,22460,9768],{"class":76},[56,22462,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22464,5552],{"class":1020},[56,22466,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22468,306],{"class":76},[56,22470,14041],{"class":80},[56,22472,11211],{"class":76},[56,22474,22475,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22476,9810],{"class":76},[56,22478,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22480,5543],{"class":1020},[56,22482,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22484,1045],{"class":76},[56,22486,20433],{"class":80},[56,22488,306],{"class":76},[56,22490,3839],{"class":1016},[56,22492,5552],{"class":1020},[56,22494,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22496,1045],{"class":76},[56,22498,14041],{"class":80},[56,22500,9841],{"class":76},[20,22502,21427],{},[42,22504,22506],{"id":22505},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22508,22509,22511,22512,22514],{},[15,22510,17613],{}," returns a ",[15,22513,22444],{}," view object.",[20,22516,2653],{},[173,22518,22519,22522,22525],{},[176,22520,22521],{},"You can loop over it",[176,22523,22524],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[176,22526,22527],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22529,986],{},[47,22531,22533],{"className":49,"code":22532,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22534,22535,22567,22581,22585,22599,22603,22622,22626],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22536,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22538,9697],{"class":65},[56,22540,1217],{"class":827},[56,22542,11023],{"class":76},[56,22544,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22546,2719],{"class":1020},[56,22548,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22550,1045],{"class":76},[56,22552,409],{"class":80},[56,22554,306],{"class":76},[56,22556,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22558,12279],{"class":1020},[56,22560,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22562,1045],{"class":76},[56,22564,414],{"class":80},[56,22566,9841],{"class":76},[56,22568,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22570,9747],{"class":65},[56,22572,1217],{"class":827},[56,22574,15101],{"class":65},[56,22576,156],{"class":76},[56,22578,1271],{"class":95},[56,22580,9174],{"class":76},[56,22582,22583],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22584,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22586,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,22588,373],{"class":72},[56,22590,77],{"class":76},[56,22592,379],{"class":378},[56,22594,77],{"class":76},[56,22596,9794],{"class":95},[56,22598,1635],{"class":76},[56,22600,22601],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,22602,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22604,22605,22607,22609,22611,22614,22616,22618,22620],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,22606,9736],{"class":65},[56,22608,402],{"class":76},[56,22610,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22612,22613],{"class":1020},"z",[56,22615,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22617,13807],{"class":76},[56,22619,13810],{"class":827},[56,22621,1195],{"class":80},[56,22623,22624],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,22625,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22627,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,22629,373],{"class":72},[56,22631,77],{"class":76},[56,22633,379],{"class":378},[56,22635,77],{"class":76},[56,22637,9794],{"class":95},[56,22639,1635],{"class":76},[20,22641,22642],{},[37,22643,239],{},[47,22645,22647],{"className":49,"code":22646,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22648,22649,22679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22650,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22652,22276],{"class":76},[56,22654,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22656,2719],{"class":1020},[56,22658,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22660,306],{"class":76},[56,22662,409],{"class":80},[56,22664,9765],{"class":76},[56,22666,9768],{"class":76},[56,22668,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22670,12279],{"class":1020},[56,22672,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22674,306],{"class":76},[56,22676,414],{"class":80},[56,22678,9781],{"class":76},[56,22680,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22682,22276],{"class":76},[56,22684,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22686,2719],{"class":1020},[56,22688,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22690,306],{"class":76},[56,22692,409],{"class":80},[56,22694,9765],{"class":76},[56,22696,9768],{"class":76},[56,22698,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22700,12279],{"class":1020},[56,22702,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22704,306],{"class":76},[56,22706,414],{"class":80},[56,22708,9765],{"class":76},[56,22710,9768],{"class":76},[56,22712,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22714,22613],{"class":1020},[56,22716,3844],{"class":1016},[56,22718,306],{"class":76},[56,22720,419],{"class":80},[56,22722,9781],{"class":76},[20,22724,22725,22726,22728],{},"This happens because ",[15,22727,9794],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[42,22730,22732,22733],{"id":22731},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22734,17613],{},[20,22736,22737,22738,1045],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22739,17613],{},[47,22741,22743],{"className":49,"code":22742,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22744,22745,22798,22802,22822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22746,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22748,13397],{"class":65},[56,22750,1217],{"class":827},[56,22752,11023],{"class":76},[56,22754,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22756,8201],{"class":1020},[56,22758,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22760,1045],{"class":76},[56,22762,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22764,8454],{"class":1020},[56,22766,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22768,306],{"class":76},[56,22770,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22772,20426],{"class":1020},[56,22774,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22776,1045],{"class":76},[56,22778,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22780,22781],{"class":1020},"A",[56,22783,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22785,306],{"class":76},[56,22787,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22789,9831],{"class":1020},[56,22791,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22793,1045],{"class":76},[56,22795,14392],{"class":80},[56,22797,9841],{"class":76},[56,22799,22800],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22801,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22803,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22805,31],{"class":62},[56,22807,22115],{"class":65},[56,22809,306],{"class":76},[56,22811,22120],{"class":65},[56,22813,69],{"class":62},[56,22815,13440],{"class":65},[56,22817,156],{"class":76},[56,22819,1271],{"class":95},[56,22821,22131],{"class":76},[56,22823,22824,22826,22828,22831,22833,22835,22837,22840,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,22825,90],{"class":72},[56,22827,77],{"class":76},[56,22829,22830],{"class":2610},"f",[56,22832,1017],{"class":1020},[56,22834,9810],{"class":80},[56,22836,15376],{"class":95},[56,22838,22839],{"class":80},"}",[56,22841,22842],{"class":1020},": ",[56,22844,9810],{"class":80},[56,22846,3017],{"class":95},[56,22848,22839],{"class":80},[56,22850,1017],{"class":1020},[56,22852,99],{"class":76},[20,22854,22855],{},[37,22856,239],{},[47,22858,22860],{"className":49,"code":22859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22861,22862,22871,22880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22863,22864,22866,22868],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22865,8201],{"class":65},[56,22867,1045],{"class":76},[56,22869,22870],{"class":65}," Mia\n",[56,22872,22873,22875,22877],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22874,20426],{"class":65},[56,22876,1045],{"class":76},[56,22878,22879],{"class":65}," A\n",[56,22881,22882,22884,22886],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22883,9831],{"class":65},[56,22885,1045],{"class":76},[56,22887,22888],{"class":80}," 14\n",[20,22890,22891],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[47,22893,22895],{"className":49,"code":22894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22896,22897,22949,22953,22965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22900,13397],{"class":65},[56,22902,1217],{"class":827},[56,22904,11023],{"class":76},[56,22906,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22908,8201],{"class":1020},[56,22910,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22912,1045],{"class":76},[56,22914,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22916,8454],{"class":1020},[56,22918,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22920,306],{"class":76},[56,22922,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22924,20426],{"class":1020},[56,22926,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22928,1045],{"class":76},[56,22930,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22932,22781],{"class":1020},[56,22934,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22936,306],{"class":76},[56,22938,1231],{"class":1016},[56,22940,9831],{"class":1020},[56,22942,1017],{"class":1016},[56,22944,1045],{"class":76},[56,22946,14392],{"class":80},[56,22948,9841],{"class":76},[56,22950,22951],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,22952,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,22954,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22956,31],{"class":62},[56,22958,18744],{"class":65},[56,22960,69],{"class":62},[56,22962,13440],{"class":65},[56,22964,1390],{"class":76},[56,22966,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,22968,90],{"class":72},[56,22970,77],{"class":76},[56,22972,22830],{"class":2610},[56,22974,1017],{"class":1020},[56,22976,9810],{"class":80},[56,22978,15376],{"class":95},[56,22980,22839],{"class":80},[56,22982,22842],{"class":1020},[56,22984,9810],{"class":80},[56,22986,14160],{"class":95},[56,22988,402],{"class":76},[56,22990,15376],{"class":95},[56,22992,13807],{"class":76},[56,22994,22839],{"class":80},[56,22996,1017],{"class":1020},[56,22998,99],{"class":76},[20,23000,7041,23001,23004],{},[15,23002,23003],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,23006,23007,23008,156],{},"For a full guide, see ",[264,23009,23011],{"href":23010},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[42,23013,23015],{"id":23014},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,23017,23018],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[47,23020,23022],{"className":49,"code":23021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,23023,23024,23083,23087,23107,23111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23025,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23061,23063,23065,23067,23070,23072,23074,23076,23079,23081],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23027,13609],{"class":65},[56,23029,1217],{"class":827},[56,23031,11023],{"class":76},[56,23033,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23035,4619],{"class":1020},[56,23037,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23039,1045],{"class":76},[56,23041,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23043,13626],{"class":1020},[56,23045,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23047,306],{"class":76},[56,23049,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23051,4628],{"class":1020},[56,23053,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23055,1045],{"class":76},[56,23057,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23059,23060],{"class":1020},"yellow",[56,23062,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23064,306],{"class":76},[56,23066,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23068,23069],{"class":1020},"grape",[56,23071,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23073,1045],{"class":76},[56,23075,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23077,23078],{"class":1020},"purple",[56,23080,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23082,9841],{"class":76},[56,23084,23085],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23086,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,23088,23089,23092,23094,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23090,23091],{"class":65},"pairs_list ",[56,23093,1217],{"class":827},[56,23095,23096],{"class":378}," list",[56,23098,77],{"class":76},[56,23100,18037],{"class":95},[56,23102,156],{"class":76},[56,23104,1271],{"class":95},[56,23106,7726],{"class":76},[56,23108,23109],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,23110,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,23112,23113,23115,23117,23120],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,23114,373],{"class":72},[56,23116,77],{"class":76},[56,23118,23119],{"class":95},"pairs_list",[56,23121,99],{"class":76},[20,23123,23124],{},[37,23125,239],{},[47,23127,23129],{"className":49,"code":23128,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23130,23131],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23132,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23134,22276],{"class":76},[56,23136,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23138,4619],{"class":1020},[56,23140,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23142,306],{"class":76},[56,23144,3839],{"class":1016},[56,23146,13626],{"class":1020},[56,23148,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23150,9765],{"class":76},[56,23152,9768],{"class":76},[56,23154,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23156,4628],{"class":1020},[56,23158,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23160,306],{"class":76},[56,23162,3839],{"class":1016},[56,23164,23060],{"class":1020},[56,23166,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23168,9765],{"class":76},[56,23170,9768],{"class":76},[56,23172,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23174,23069],{"class":1020},[56,23176,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23178,306],{"class":76},[56,23180,3839],{"class":1016},[56,23182,23078],{"class":1020},[56,23184,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23186,9781],{"class":76},[20,23188,23189],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23191,23192],{},"Use this when:",[173,23194,23195,23198,23201],{},[176,23196,23197],{},"You want clearer printed output",[176,23199,23200],{},"You need list behavior",[176,23202,23203],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[42,23205,23207,1682,23209,1682,23211],{"id":23206},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23208,17613],{},[15,23210,17600],{},[15,23212,17606],{},[20,23214,23215],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[173,23217,23218,23223,23228],{},[176,23219,23220,23222],{},[15,23221,17613],{}," gives both key and value",[176,23224,23225,23227],{},[15,23226,17600],{}," gives only keys",[176,23229,23230,23232],{},[15,23231,17606],{}," gives only values",[20,23234,986],{},[47,23236,23238],{"className":49,"code":23237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23239,23240,23276,23280,23298,23316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23241,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23243,13738],{"class":65},[56,23245,1217],{"class":827},[56,23247,11023],{"class":76},[56,23249,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23251,8201],{"class":1020},[56,23253,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23255,1045],{"class":76},[56,23257,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23259,13414],{"class":1020},[56,23261,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23263,306],{"class":76},[56,23265,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23267,9831],{"class":1020},[56,23269,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23271,1045],{"class":76},[56,23273,9838],{"class":80},[56,23275,9841],{"class":76},[56,23277,23278],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23279,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23283,373],{"class":72},[56,23285,77],{"class":76},[56,23287,379],{"class":378},[56,23289,77],{"class":76},[56,23291,17842],{"class":95},[56,23293,156],{"class":76},[56,23295,17459],{"class":95},[56,23297,6825],{"class":76},[56,23299,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,23301,373],{"class":72},[56,23303,77],{"class":76},[56,23305,379],{"class":378},[56,23307,77],{"class":76},[56,23309,17842],{"class":95},[56,23311,156],{"class":76},[56,23313,5898],{"class":95},[56,23315,6825],{"class":76},[56,23317,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,23319,373],{"class":72},[56,23321,77],{"class":76},[56,23323,379],{"class":378},[56,23325,77],{"class":76},[56,23327,17842],{"class":95},[56,23329,156],{"class":76},[56,23331,1271],{"class":95},[56,23333,6825],{"class":76},[20,23335,23336],{},[37,23337,239],{},[47,23339,23341],{"className":49,"code":23340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23342,23343,23363,23379],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23344,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23346,402],{"class":76},[56,23348,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23350,8201],{"class":1020},[56,23352,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23354,306],{"class":76},[56,23356,3839],{"class":1016},[56,23358,9831],{"class":1020},[56,23360,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23362,427],{"class":76},[56,23364,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23366,402],{"class":76},[56,23368,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23370,13414],{"class":1020},[56,23372,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23374,306],{"class":76},[56,23376,9838],{"class":80},[56,23378,427],{"class":76},[56,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23382,22276],{"class":76},[56,23384,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23386,8201],{"class":1020},[56,23388,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23390,306],{"class":76},[56,23392,3839],{"class":1016},[56,23394,13414],{"class":1020},[56,23396,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23398,9765],{"class":76},[56,23400,9768],{"class":76},[56,23402,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23404,9831],{"class":1020},[56,23406,3844],{"class":1016},[56,23408,306],{"class":76},[56,23410,9838],{"class":80},[56,23412,9781],{"class":76},[20,23414,23415],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[173,23417,23418,23426,23434],{},[176,23419,23420,23421],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[264,23422,23424],{"href":23423},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23425,17600],{},[176,23427,23428,23429],{},"Need just values? Use ",[264,23430,23432],{"href":23431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23433,17606],{},[176,23435,23436,23437],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23438,17613],{},[42,23440,5500,23442],{"id":23441},"when-to-use-items",[15,23443,17613],{},[20,23445,23446,23448],{},[15,23447,17613],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[173,23450,23451,23454,23457,23460,23463],{},[176,23452,23453],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[176,23455,23456],{},"Building formatted output",[176,23458,23459],{},"Looping through settings and values",[176,23461,23462],{},"Showing names with scores",[176,23464,23465],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23467,986],{},[47,23469,23471],{"className":49,"code":23470,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23472,23473,23481,23499,23518,23530,23534,23538,23559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23474,23475,23477,23479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23476,14360],{"class":65},[56,23478,1217],{"class":827},[56,23480,12026],{"class":76},[56,23482,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23484,12031],{"class":1016},[56,23486,13028],{"class":1020},[56,23488,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23490,1045],{"class":76},[56,23492,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23494,13037],{"class":1020},[56,23496,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23498,12047],{"class":76},[56,23500,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23514,23516],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23502,12031],{"class":1016},[56,23504,20658],{"class":1020},[56,23506,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23508,1045],{"class":76},[56,23510,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23512,23513],{"class":1020},"English",[56,23515,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23517,12047],{"class":76},[56,23519,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,23521,12031],{"class":1016},[56,23523,19060],{"class":1020},[56,23525,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23527,1045],{"class":76},[56,23529,6955],{"class":4393},[56,23531,23532],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,23533,9841],{"class":76},[56,23535,23536],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,23537,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,23539,23540,23542,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,23541,31],{"class":62},[56,23543,23544],{"class":65}," setting",[56,23546,306],{"class":76},[56,23548,22120],{"class":65},[56,23550,69],{"class":62},[56,23552,14404],{"class":65},[56,23554,156],{"class":76},[56,23556,1271],{"class":95},[56,23558,22131],{"class":76},[56,23560,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23574,23576,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,23562,90],{"class":72},[56,23564,77],{"class":76},[56,23566,22830],{"class":2610},[56,23568,1017],{"class":1020},[56,23570,9810],{"class":80},[56,23572,23573],{"class":95},"setting",[56,23575,22839],{"class":80},[56,23577,23578],{"class":1020}," = ",[56,23580,9810],{"class":80},[56,23582,3017],{"class":95},[56,23584,22839],{"class":80},[56,23586,1017],{"class":1020},[56,23588,99],{"class":76},[20,23590,23591],{},[37,23592,239],{},[47,23594,23596],{"className":49,"code":23595,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23597,23598,23608,23618],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23599,23600,23603,23605],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23601,23602],{"class":65},"theme ",[56,23604,1217],{"class":827},[56,23606,23607],{"class":65}," dark\n",[56,23609,23610,23613,23615],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23611,23612],{"class":65},"language ",[56,23614,1217],{"class":827},[56,23616,23617],{"class":65}," English\n",[56,23619,23620,23623,23625],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23621,23622],{"class":65},"notifications ",[56,23624,1217],{"class":827},[56,23626,6955],{"class":4393},[42,23628,3374],{"id":3373},[20,23630,23631,23632,156],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23633,17613],{},[353,23635,23637,23638,23640],{"id":23636},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23639,17613],{}," incorrectly",[20,23642,23643,23644,23646,23647,23650],{},"Each result from ",[15,23645,17613],{}," has ",[37,23648,23649],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23652,7219],{},[47,23654,23655],{"className":49,"code":22066,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,23656,23657,23693,23697,23717],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23658,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23660,13738],{"class":65},[56,23662,1217],{"class":827},[56,23664,11023],{"class":76},[56,23666,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23668,8201],{"class":1020},[56,23670,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23672,1045],{"class":76},[56,23674,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23676,13414],{"class":1020},[56,23678,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23680,306],{"class":76},[56,23682,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23684,9831],{"class":1020},[56,23686,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23688,1045],{"class":76},[56,23690,9838],{"class":80},[56,23692,9841],{"class":76},[56,23694,23695],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23696,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,23698,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23700,31],{"class":62},[56,23702,22115],{"class":65},[56,23704,306],{"class":76},[56,23706,22120],{"class":65},[56,23708,69],{"class":62},[56,23710,13781],{"class":65},[56,23712,156],{"class":76},[56,23714,1271],{"class":95},[56,23716,22131],{"class":76},[56,23718,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,23720,90],{"class":72},[56,23722,77],{"class":76},[56,23724,15376],{"class":95},[56,23726,306],{"class":76},[56,23728,8963],{"class":95},[56,23730,99],{"class":76},[20,23732,23733],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[47,23735,23737],{"className":49,"code":23736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23738,23739,23775,23779,23795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23740,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23742,13738],{"class":65},[56,23744,1217],{"class":827},[56,23746,11023],{"class":76},[56,23748,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23750,8201],{"class":1020},[56,23752,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23754,1045],{"class":76},[56,23756,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23758,13414],{"class":1020},[56,23760,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23762,306],{"class":76},[56,23764,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23766,9831],{"class":1020},[56,23768,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23770,1045],{"class":76},[56,23772,9838],{"class":80},[56,23774,9841],{"class":76},[56,23776,23777],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23778,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,23780,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23782,31],{"class":62},[56,23784,18744],{"class":65},[56,23786,69],{"class":62},[56,23788,13781],{"class":65},[56,23790,156],{"class":76},[56,23792,1271],{"class":95},[56,23794,22131],{"class":76},[56,23796,23797,23799,23801,23803],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,23798,90],{"class":72},[56,23800,77],{"class":76},[56,23802,15376],{"class":95},[56,23804,99],{"class":76},[20,23806,23807,23808,23810,23811,23814],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23809,15376],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23812,23813],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23816,23817],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[47,23819,23821],{"className":49,"code":23820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23822,23823,23839],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23824,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23826,31],{"class":62},[56,23828,1383],{"class":65},[56,23830,69],{"class":62},[56,23832,13781],{"class":65},[56,23834,156],{"class":76},[56,23836,1271],{"class":95},[56,23838,22131],{"class":76},[56,23840,23841,23843,23845,23847],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23842,90],{"class":72},[56,23844,77],{"class":76},[56,23846,1399],{"class":95},[56,23848,99],{"class":76},[20,23850,23851],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[47,23853,23855],{"className":49,"code":23854,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23856,23857,23877],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23858,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23860,31],{"class":62},[56,23862,22115],{"class":65},[56,23864,306],{"class":76},[56,23866,22120],{"class":65},[56,23868,69],{"class":62},[56,23870,13781],{"class":65},[56,23872,156],{"class":76},[56,23874,1271],{"class":95},[56,23876,22131],{"class":76},[56,23878,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23880,90],{"class":72},[56,23882,77],{"class":76},[56,23884,15376],{"class":95},[56,23886,306],{"class":76},[56,23888,8963],{"class":95},[56,23890,99],{"class":76},[353,23892,8983,23894,23896],{"id":23893},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23895,17613],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23898,23899,22511,23901,23903],{},[15,23900,17613],{},[15,23902,22444],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23905,23906],{},"Check it:",[47,23908,23910],{"className":49,"code":23909,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23911,23912,23944,23948,23962,23980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23913,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23915,12258],{"class":65},[56,23917,1217],{"class":827},[56,23919,11023],{"class":76},[56,23921,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23923,264],{"class":1020},[56,23925,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23927,1045],{"class":76},[56,23929,409],{"class":80},[56,23931,306],{"class":76},[56,23933,1231],{"class":1016},[56,23935,1234],{"class":1020},[56,23937,1017],{"class":1016},[56,23939,1045],{"class":76},[56,23941,414],{"class":80},[56,23943,9841],{"class":76},[56,23945,23946],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,23947,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,23949,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23951,373],{"class":72},[56,23953,77],{"class":76},[56,23955,11982],{"class":95},[56,23957,156],{"class":76},[56,23959,1271],{"class":95},[56,23961,7726],{"class":76},[56,23963,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,23965,373],{"class":72},[56,23967,77],{"class":76},[56,23969,2312],{"class":378},[56,23971,77],{"class":76},[56,23973,11982],{"class":95},[56,23975,156],{"class":76},[56,23977,1271],{"class":95},[56,23979,6825],{"class":76},[56,23981,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,23983,373],{"class":72},[56,23985,77],{"class":76},[56,23987,379],{"class":378},[56,23989,77],{"class":76},[56,23991,11982],{"class":95},[56,23993,156],{"class":76},[56,23995,1271],{"class":95},[56,23997,6825],{"class":76},[20,23999,24000],{},[37,24001,239],{},[47,24003,24005],{"className":49,"code":24004,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,24006,24007,24039,24053],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24008,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24010,22444],{"class":95},[56,24012,10190],{"class":76},[56,24014,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24016,264],{"class":1020},[56,24018,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24020,306],{"class":76},[56,24022,409],{"class":80},[56,24024,9765],{"class":76},[56,24026,9768],{"class":76},[56,24028,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24030,1234],{"class":1020},[56,24032,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24034,306],{"class":76},[56,24036,414],{"class":80},[56,24038,11211],{"class":76},[56,24040,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24042,3833],{"class":827},[56,24044,3836],{"class":2610},[56,24046,3839],{"class":1016},[56,24048,22444],{"class":1020},[56,24050,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24052,3847],{"class":827},[56,24054,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24056,22276],{"class":76},[56,24058,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24060,264],{"class":1020},[56,24062,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24064,306],{"class":76},[56,24066,409],{"class":80},[56,24068,9765],{"class":76},[56,24070,9768],{"class":76},[56,24072,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24074,1234],{"class":1020},[56,24076,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24078,306],{"class":76},[56,24080,414],{"class":80},[56,24082,9781],{"class":76},[353,24084,24086,24087],{"id":24085},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,24088,17613],{},[20,24090,24091],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,24093,24094],{},"Problem example:",[47,24096,24098],{"className":49,"code":24097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24099,24100,24144,24148,24168,24180],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24101,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24103,1594],{"class":65},[56,24105,1217],{"class":827},[56,24107,11023],{"class":76},[56,24109,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24111,264],{"class":1020},[56,24113,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24115,1045],{"class":76},[56,24117,409],{"class":80},[56,24119,306],{"class":76},[56,24121,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24123,1234],{"class":1020},[56,24125,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24127,1045],{"class":76},[56,24129,414],{"class":80},[56,24131,306],{"class":76},[56,24133,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24135,1243],{"class":1020},[56,24137,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24139,1045],{"class":76},[56,24141,419],{"class":80},[56,24143,9841],{"class":76},[56,24145,24146],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24147,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,24149,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24151,31],{"class":62},[56,24153,22115],{"class":65},[56,24155,306],{"class":76},[56,24157,22120],{"class":65},[56,24159,69],{"class":62},[56,24161,4804],{"class":65},[56,24163,156],{"class":76},[56,24165,1271],{"class":95},[56,24167,22131],{"class":76},[56,24169,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,24171,6931],{"class":62},[56,24173,22120],{"class":65},[56,24175,5228],{"class":827},[56,24177,414],{"class":80},[56,24179,1390],{"class":76},[56,24181,24182,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,24183,24184],{"class":65},"        numbers",[56,24186,402],{"class":76},[56,24188,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24190,19303],{"class":1020},[56,24192,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24194,13807],{"class":76},[56,24196,13810],{"class":827},[56,24198,24199],{"class":80}," 4\n",[20,24201,24202],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24204,24205],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[47,24207,24209],{"className":49,"code":24208,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24210,24211,24255,24259,24284,24296,24314,24318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24212,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24214,1594],{"class":65},[56,24216,1217],{"class":827},[56,24218,11023],{"class":76},[56,24220,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24222,264],{"class":1020},[56,24224,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24226,1045],{"class":76},[56,24228,409],{"class":80},[56,24230,306],{"class":76},[56,24232,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24234,1234],{"class":1020},[56,24236,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24238,1045],{"class":76},[56,24240,414],{"class":80},[56,24242,306],{"class":76},[56,24244,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24246,1243],{"class":1020},[56,24248,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24250,1045],{"class":76},[56,24252,419],{"class":80},[56,24254,9841],{"class":76},[56,24256,24257],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24258,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,24260,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24262,31],{"class":62},[56,24264,22115],{"class":65},[56,24266,306],{"class":76},[56,24268,22120],{"class":65},[56,24270,69],{"class":62},[56,24272,23096],{"class":378},[56,24274,77],{"class":76},[56,24276,1618],{"class":95},[56,24278,156],{"class":76},[56,24280,1271],{"class":95},[56,24282,24283],{"class":76},"()):\n",[56,24285,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,24287,6931],{"class":62},[56,24289,22120],{"class":65},[56,24291,5228],{"class":827},[56,24293,414],{"class":80},[56,24295,1390],{"class":76},[56,24297,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,24299,24184],{"class":65},[56,24301,402],{"class":76},[56,24303,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24305,19303],{"class":1020},[56,24307,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24309,13807],{"class":76},[56,24311,13810],{"class":827},[56,24313,24199],{"class":80},[56,24315,24316],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,24317,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,24319,24320,24322,24324,24326],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,24321,373],{"class":72},[56,24323,77],{"class":76},[56,24325,1618],{"class":95},[56,24327,99],{"class":76},[353,24329,24331],{"id":24330},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24333,24334],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[47,24336,24338],{"className":49,"code":24337,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24339,24340,24372,24376,24392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24341,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24343,9697],{"class":65},[56,24345,1217],{"class":827},[56,24347,11023],{"class":76},[56,24349,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24351,2719],{"class":1020},[56,24353,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24355,1045],{"class":76},[56,24357,534],{"class":80},[56,24359,306],{"class":76},[56,24361,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24363,12279],{"class":1020},[56,24365,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24367,1045],{"class":76},[56,24369,8323],{"class":80},[56,24371,9841],{"class":76},[56,24373,24374],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24375,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24379,31],{"class":62},[56,24381,1383],{"class":65},[56,24383,69],{"class":62},[56,24385,15101],{"class":65},[56,24387,156],{"class":76},[56,24389,1271],{"class":95},[56,24391,22131],{"class":76},[56,24393,24394,24396,24398,24400],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,24395,90],{"class":72},[56,24397,77],{"class":76},[56,24399,1399],{"class":95},[56,24401,99],{"class":76},[20,24403,24404],{},[37,24405,239],{},[47,24407,24409],{"className":49,"code":24408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24410,24411,24427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24412,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24414,77],{"class":76},[56,24416,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24418,2719],{"class":1020},[56,24420,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24422,306],{"class":76},[56,24424,534],{"class":80},[56,24426,99],{"class":76},[56,24428,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24430,77],{"class":76},[56,24432,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24434,12279],{"class":1020},[56,24436,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24438,306],{"class":76},[56,24440,8323],{"class":80},[56,24442,99],{"class":76},[20,24444,24445,24446,24448],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24447,22191],{}," pair.",[42,24450,2343],{"id":2342},[353,24452,24454,24455,5685],{"id":24453},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24456,17613],{},[20,24458,195,24459,24461],{},[15,24460,22444],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[353,24463,2347,24465,24467],{"id":24464},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24466,17613],{}," return a list?",[20,24469,24470,24471,2398],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24472,24473],{},"list(my_dict.items())",[353,24475,24477,24478,2363],{"id":24476},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24479,17613],{},[20,24481,24482],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[47,24484,24486],{"className":49,"code":24485,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24487,24488,24508],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24489,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24491,31],{"class":62},[56,24493,22115],{"class":65},[56,24495,306],{"class":76},[56,24497,22120],{"class":65},[56,24499,69],{"class":62},[56,24501,12300],{"class":65},[56,24503,156],{"class":76},[56,24505,1271],{"class":95},[56,24507,22131],{"class":76},[56,24509,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24511,90],{"class":72},[56,24513,77],{"class":76},[56,24515,15376],{"class":95},[56,24517,306],{"class":76},[56,24519,8963],{"class":95},[56,24521,99],{"class":76},[353,24523,2347,24525,24527],{"id":24524},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24526,17613],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24529,24530],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[42,24532,2417],{"id":2416},[173,24534,24535,24541,24547,24552,24556],{},[176,24536,24537],{},[264,24538,11269,24539,11273],{"href":23423},[15,24540,17600],{},[176,24542,24543],{},[264,24544,11269,24545,11273],{"href":23431},[15,24546,17606],{},[176,24548,24549],{},[264,24550,24551],{"href":23010},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[176,24553,24554],{},[264,24555,9687],{"href":13557},[176,24557,24558],{},[264,24559,24560],{"href":22314},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2451,24562,24563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":24565},[24566,24567,24569,24570,24571,24573,24574,24576,24578,24587,24597],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":22174,"depth":87,"text":24568},"What items() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":22505,"depth":87,"text":22506},{"id":22731,"depth":87,"text":24572},"Looping with items()",{"id":23014,"depth":87,"text":23015},{"id":23206,"depth":87,"text":24575},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23441,"depth":87,"text":24577},"When to use items()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":24579},[24580,24582,24584,24586],{"id":23636,"depth":102,"text":24581},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23893,"depth":102,"text":24583},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24085,"depth":102,"text":24585},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24330,"depth":102,"text":24331},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":24588},[24589,24591,24593,24595],{"id":24453,"depth":102,"text":24590},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24464,"depth":102,"text":24592},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24476,"depth":102,"text":24594},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24524,"depth":102,"text":24596},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22042,"description":24598},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24605,"title":24606,"body":24607,"description":26692,"extension":2509,"meta":26693,"navigation":105,"path":23423,"seo":26694,"stem":26695,"__hash__":26696},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24608,"toc":26658},[24609,24614,24620,24623,24634,24641,24643,24726,24730,24777,24782,24787,24792,24794,24810,24812,24911,24915,24972,24975,24977,24980,25073,25077,25140,25143,25158,25163,25165,25167,25182,25184,25195,25197,25240,25243,25287,25290,25292,25299,25302,25318,25320,25413,25417,25458,25470,25474,25477,25565,25569,25589,25592,25619,25626,25631,25635,25646,25648,25752,25756,25782,25785,25852,25857,25860,25883,25888,25892,25897,25903,25908,25910,25965,25969,25996,26003,26009,26012,26037,26043,26069,26072,26147,26153,26158,26160,26199,26217,26221,26224,26267,26270,26272,26291,26293,26298,26323,26326,26396,26399,26472,26476,26478,26539,26541,26557,26559,26564,26569,26575,26583,26589,26595,26602,26608,26612,26617,26619,26655],[10,24610,11850,24612,11854],{"id":24611},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24613,17600],{},[20,24615,24616,24617,24619],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24618,17600],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24621,24622],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[173,24624,24625,24628,24631],{},[176,24626,24627],{},"view the available keys",[176,24629,24630],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[176,24632,24633],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24635,24636,24638,24639,156],{},[15,24637,17600],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24640,17550],{},[42,24642,45],{"id":44},[47,24644,24646],{"className":49,"code":24645,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24647,24648,24684,24698,24702,24712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24649,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24651,13397],{"class":65},[56,24653,1217],{"class":827},[56,24655,11023],{"class":76},[56,24657,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24659,8201],{"class":1020},[56,24661,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24663,1045],{"class":76},[56,24665,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24667,13414],{"class":1020},[56,24669,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24671,306],{"class":76},[56,24673,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24675,9831],{"class":1020},[56,24677,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24679,1045],{"class":76},[56,24681,8323],{"class":80},[56,24683,9841],{"class":76},[56,24685,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24687,17777],{"class":65},[56,24689,1217],{"class":827},[56,24691,13440],{"class":65},[56,24693,156],{"class":76},[56,24695,17459],{"class":95},[56,24697,9174],{"class":76},[56,24699,24700],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24701,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,24703,24704,24706,24708,24710],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,24705,373],{"class":72},[56,24707,77],{"class":76},[56,24709,17459],{"class":95},[56,24711,99],{"class":76},[56,24713,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,24715,373],{"class":72},[56,24717,77],{"class":76},[56,24719,379],{"class":378},[56,24721,77],{"class":76},[56,24723,17459],{"class":95},[56,24725,1635],{"class":76},[20,24727,24728],{},[37,24729,239],{},[47,24731,24733],{"className":49,"code":24732,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24734,24735,24757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24736,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24738,17550],{"class":95},[56,24740,3528],{"class":76},[56,24742,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24744,8201],{"class":1020},[56,24746,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24748,306],{"class":76},[56,24750,3839],{"class":1016},[56,24752,9831],{"class":1020},[56,24754,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24756,1294],{"class":76},[56,24758,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24760,402],{"class":76},[56,24762,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24764,8201],{"class":1020},[56,24766,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24768,306],{"class":76},[56,24770,3839],{"class":1016},[56,24772,9831],{"class":1020},[56,24774,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24776,427],{"class":76},[20,24778,2638,24779,24781],{},[15,24780,17600],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[42,24783,160,24785,163],{"id":24784},"what-keys-does",[15,24786,17600],{},[20,24788,24789,24791],{},[15,24790,17600],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24793,11991],{},[173,24795,24796,24799,24802,24807],{},[176,24797,24798],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[176,24800,24801],{},"It does not need any arguments",[176,24803,195,24804,24806],{},[15,24805,17550],{}," view object, not a list",[176,24808,24809],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24811,986],{},[47,24813,24815],{"className":49,"code":24814,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24816,24817,24853,24857,24871,24875,24897],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24818,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24820,13738],{"class":65},[56,24822,1217],{"class":827},[56,24824,11023],{"class":76},[56,24826,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24828,8201],{"class":1020},[56,24830,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24832,1045],{"class":76},[56,24834,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24836,13755],{"class":1020},[56,24838,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24840,306],{"class":76},[56,24842,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24844,9831],{"class":1020},[56,24846,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24848,1045],{"class":76},[56,24850,9838],{"class":80},[56,24852,9841],{"class":76},[56,24854,24855],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24856,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,24858,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24860,373],{"class":72},[56,24862,77],{"class":76},[56,24864,17842],{"class":95},[56,24866,156],{"class":76},[56,24868,17459],{"class":95},[56,24870,7726],{"class":76},[56,24872,24873],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,24874,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,24876,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,24878,17842],{"class":65},[56,24880,402],{"class":76},[56,24882,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24884,10941],{"class":1020},[56,24886,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24888,13807],{"class":76},[56,24890,13810],{"class":827},[56,24892,1231],{"class":1016},[56,24894,10948],{"class":1020},[56,24896,3903],{"class":1016},[56,24898,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,24900,373],{"class":72},[56,24902,77],{"class":76},[56,24904,17842],{"class":95},[56,24906,156],{"class":76},[56,24908,17459],{"class":95},[56,24910,7726],{"class":76},[20,24912,24913],{},[37,24914,239],{},[47,24916,24918],{"className":49,"code":24917,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24919,24920,24942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24921,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24923,17550],{"class":95},[56,24925,3528],{"class":76},[56,24927,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24929,8201],{"class":1020},[56,24931,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24933,306],{"class":76},[56,24935,3839],{"class":1016},[56,24937,9831],{"class":1020},[56,24939,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24941,1294],{"class":76},[56,24943,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,24945,17550],{"class":95},[56,24947,3528],{"class":76},[56,24949,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24951,8201],{"class":1020},[56,24953,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24955,306],{"class":76},[56,24957,3839],{"class":1016},[56,24959,9831],{"class":1020},[56,24961,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24963,306],{"class":76},[56,24965,3839],{"class":1016},[56,24967,10941],{"class":1020},[56,24969,3844],{"class":1016},[56,24971,1294],{"class":76},[20,24973,24974],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[42,24976,6326],{"id":6325},[20,24978,24979],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[47,24981,24983],{"className":49,"code":24982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24984,24985,25037,25041,25055],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24986,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24988,9697],{"class":65},[56,24990,1217],{"class":827},[56,24992,11023],{"class":76},[56,24994,1017],{"class":1016},[56,24996,8201],{"class":1020},[56,24998,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25000,1045],{"class":76},[56,25002,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25004,13414],{"class":1020},[56,25006,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25008,306],{"class":76},[56,25010,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25012,9831],{"class":1020},[56,25014,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25016,1045],{"class":76},[56,25018,8323],{"class":80},[56,25020,306],{"class":76},[56,25022,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25024,20426],{"class":1020},[56,25026,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25028,1045],{"class":76},[56,25030,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25032,22781],{"class":1020},[56,25034,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25036,9841],{"class":76},[56,25038,25039],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25040,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,25042,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25044,373],{"class":72},[56,25046,77],{"class":76},[56,25048,9736],{"class":95},[56,25050,156],{"class":76},[56,25052,17459],{"class":95},[56,25054,7726],{"class":76},[56,25056,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,25058,373],{"class":72},[56,25060,77],{"class":76},[56,25062,379],{"class":378},[56,25064,77],{"class":76},[56,25066,9736],{"class":95},[56,25068,156],{"class":76},[56,25070,17459],{"class":95},[56,25072,6825],{"class":76},[20,25074,25075],{},[37,25076,239],{},[47,25078,25080],{"className":49,"code":25079,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25081,25082,25112],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25083,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25085,17550],{"class":95},[56,25087,3528],{"class":76},[56,25089,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25091,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25093,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25095,306],{"class":76},[56,25097,3839],{"class":1016},[56,25099,9831],{"class":1020},[56,25101,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25103,306],{"class":76},[56,25105,3839],{"class":1016},[56,25107,20426],{"class":1020},[56,25109,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25111,1294],{"class":76},[56,25113,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25115,402],{"class":76},[56,25117,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25119,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25121,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25123,306],{"class":76},[56,25125,3839],{"class":1016},[56,25127,9831],{"class":1020},[56,25129,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25131,306],{"class":76},[56,25133,3839],{"class":1016},[56,25135,20426],{"class":1020},[56,25137,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25139,427],{"class":76},[20,25141,25142],{},"This shows two things:",[173,25144,25145,25152],{},[176,25146,25147,22511,25150,2339],{},[15,25148,25149],{},"data.keys()",[15,25151,17550],{},[176,25153,25154,25157],{},[15,25155,25156],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25159,9683,25160,156],{},[264,25161,25162],{"href":9923},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[42,25164,5971],{"id":5970},[20,25166,2705],{},[47,25168,25170],{"className":49,"code":25169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25171,25172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25173,25174,25176,25178,25180],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25175,11982],{"class":65},[56,25177,156],{"class":76},[56,25179,17459],{"class":95},[56,25181,9174],{"class":76},[20,25183,22336],{},[173,25185,25186,25189,25192],{},[176,25187,25188],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[176,25190,25191],{},"It takes no parameters",[176,25193,25194],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25196,17191],{},[47,25198,25200],{"className":49,"code":25199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25201,25202,25226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25203,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25205,13397],{"class":65},[56,25207,1217],{"class":827},[56,25209,11023],{"class":76},[56,25211,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25213,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25215,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25217,1045],{"class":76},[56,25219,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25221,13414],{"class":1020},[56,25223,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25225,9841],{"class":76},[56,25227,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25229,373],{"class":72},[56,25231,77],{"class":76},[56,25233,14160],{"class":95},[56,25235,156],{"class":76},[56,25237,17459],{"class":95},[56,25239,7726],{"class":76},[20,25241,25242],{},"Incorrect:",[47,25244,25246],{"className":49,"code":25245,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25247,25248,25272],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25249,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25251,13397],{"class":65},[56,25253,1217],{"class":827},[56,25255,11023],{"class":76},[56,25257,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25259,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25261,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25263,1045],{"class":76},[56,25265,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25267,13414],{"class":1020},[56,25269,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25271,9841],{"class":76},[56,25273,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25285],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25275,373],{"class":72},[56,25277,77],{"class":76},[56,25279,14160],{"class":95},[56,25281,156],{"class":76},[56,25283,17459],{"class":25284},"skxfh",[56,25286,99],{"class":76},[20,25288,25289],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[42,25291,17954],{"id":17953},[20,25293,25294,22511,25296,25298],{},[15,25295,17600],{},[15,25297,17550],{}," object.",[20,25300,25301],{},"This object:",[173,25303,25304,25307,25310,25315],{},[176,25305,25306],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[176,25308,25309],{},"can be used in a loop",[176,25311,25312,25313],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25314,1518],{},[176,25316,25317],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25319,986],{},[47,25321,25323],{"className":49,"code":25322,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25324,25325,25366,25370,25385,25389,25399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25326,25327,25330,25332,25334,25336,25339,25341,25343,25345,25348,25350,25352,25354,25357,25359,25361,25364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25328,25329],{"class":65},"car ",[56,25331,1217],{"class":827},[56,25333,11023],{"class":76},[56,25335,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25337,25338],{"class":1020},"brand",[56,25340,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25342,1045],{"class":76},[56,25344,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25346,25347],{"class":1020},"Toyota",[56,25349,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25351,306],{"class":76},[56,25353,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25355,25356],{"class":1020},"year",[56,25358,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25360,1045],{"class":76},[56,25362,25363],{"class":80}," 2020",[56,25365,9841],{"class":76},[56,25367,25368],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25369,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,25371,25372,25374,25376,25379,25381,25383],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25373,2775],{"class":65},[56,25375,1217],{"class":827},[56,25377,25378],{"class":65}," car",[56,25380,156],{"class":76},[56,25382,17459],{"class":95},[56,25384,9174],{"class":76},[56,25386,25387],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,25388,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,25390,25391,25393,25395,25397],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,25392,373],{"class":72},[56,25394,77],{"class":76},[56,25396,2809],{"class":95},[56,25398,99],{"class":76},[56,25400,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,25402,373],{"class":72},[56,25404,77],{"class":76},[56,25406,2312],{"class":378},[56,25408,77],{"class":76},[56,25410,2809],{"class":95},[56,25412,1635],{"class":76},[20,25414,25415],{},[37,25416,239],{},[47,25418,25420],{"className":49,"code":25419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25421,25422,25444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25423,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25425,17550],{"class":95},[56,25427,3528],{"class":76},[56,25429,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25431,25338],{"class":1020},[56,25433,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25435,306],{"class":76},[56,25437,3839],{"class":1016},[56,25439,25356],{"class":1020},[56,25441,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25443,1294],{"class":76},[56,25445,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25447,3833],{"class":827},[56,25449,3836],{"class":2610},[56,25451,3839],{"class":1016},[56,25453,17550],{"class":1020},[56,25455,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25457,3847],{"class":827},[20,25459,25460,25461,25465,25466,156],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[264,25462,11269,25463,11273],{"href":17603},[15,25464,17606],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[264,25467,11269,25468,11273],{"href":17610},[15,25469,17613],{},[42,25471,25473],{"id":25472},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25475,25476],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[47,25478,25480],{"className":49,"code":25479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25481,25482,25535,25539,25555],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25483,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25531,25533],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25485,13397],{"class":65},[56,25487,1217],{"class":827},[56,25489,11023],{"class":76},[56,25491,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25493,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25495,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25497,1045],{"class":76},[56,25499,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25501,13414],{"class":1020},[56,25503,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25505,306],{"class":76},[56,25507,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25509,9831],{"class":1020},[56,25511,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25513,1045],{"class":76},[56,25515,8323],{"class":80},[56,25517,306],{"class":76},[56,25519,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25521,15863],{"class":1020},[56,25523,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25525,1045],{"class":76},[56,25527,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25529,25530],{"class":1020},"Math",[56,25532,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25534,9841],{"class":76},[56,25536,25537],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25538,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,25540,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25542,31],{"class":62},[56,25544,18744],{"class":65},[56,25546,69],{"class":62},[56,25548,13440],{"class":65},[56,25550,156],{"class":76},[56,25552,17459],{"class":95},[56,25554,22131],{"class":76},[56,25556,25557,25559,25561,25563],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,25558,90],{"class":72},[56,25560,77],{"class":76},[56,25562,15376],{"class":95},[56,25564,99],{"class":76},[20,25566,25567],{},[37,25568,239],{},[47,25570,25572],{"className":49,"code":25571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25573,25574,25579,25584],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25575,25576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25577,25578],{"class":65},"name\n",[56,25580,25581],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25582,25583],{"class":65},"age\n",[56,25585,25586],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25587,25588],{"class":65},"course\n",[20,25590,25591],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[47,25593,25595],{"className":49,"code":25594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25596,25597,25609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25598,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25600,31],{"class":62},[56,25602,18744],{"class":65},[56,25604,69],{"class":62},[56,25606,13440],{"class":65},[56,25608,1390],{"class":76},[56,25610,25611,25613,25615,25617],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25612,90],{"class":72},[56,25614,77],{"class":76},[56,25616,15376],{"class":95},[56,25618,99],{"class":76},[20,25620,25621,25622,25625],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25623,25624],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[42,25627,5500,25629],{"id":25628},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25630,17600],{},[20,25632,2638,25633,11133],{},[15,25634,17600],{},[173,25636,25637,25640,25643],{},[176,25638,25639],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[176,25641,25642],{},"you want to display available fields",[176,25644,25645],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25647,986],{},[47,25649,25651],{"className":49,"code":25650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25652,25653,25706,25710,25725,25742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25654,25655,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25675,25677,25679,25681,25684,25686,25688,25691,25693,25695,25698,25700,25702,25704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25656,25657],{"class":65},"product ",[56,25659,1217],{"class":827},[56,25661,11023],{"class":76},[56,25663,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25665,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25667,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25669,1045],{"class":76},[56,25671,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25673,25674],{"class":1020},"Book",[56,25676,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25678,306],{"class":76},[56,25680,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25682,25683],{"class":1020},"price",[56,25685,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25687,1045],{"class":76},[56,25689,25690],{"class":80}," 12.99",[56,25692,306],{"class":76},[56,25694,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25696,25697],{"class":1020},"stock",[56,25699,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25701,1045],{"class":76},[56,25703,496],{"class":80},[56,25705,9841],{"class":76},[56,25707,25708],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25709,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,25711,25712,25714,25716,25718,25721,25723],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25713,373],{"class":72},[56,25715,77],{"class":76},[56,25717,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25719,25720],{"class":1020},"Available fields:",[56,25722,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25724,99],{"class":76},[56,25726,25727,25729,25731,25733,25736,25738,25740],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,25728,31],{"class":62},[56,25730,18744],{"class":65},[56,25732,69],{"class":62},[56,25734,25735],{"class":65}," product",[56,25737,156],{"class":76},[56,25739,17459],{"class":95},[56,25741,22131],{"class":76},[56,25743,25744,25746,25748,25750],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,25745,90],{"class":72},[56,25747,77],{"class":76},[56,25749,15376],{"class":95},[56,25751,99],{"class":76},[20,25753,25754],{},[37,25755,239],{},[47,25757,25759],{"className":49,"code":25758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25760,25761,25768,25772,25777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25762,25763,25766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25764,25765],{"class":65},"Available fields",[56,25767,1390],{"class":76},[56,25769,25770],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25771,25578],{"class":65},[56,25773,25774],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25775,25776],{"class":65},"price\n",[56,25778,25779],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,25780,25781],{"class":65},"stock\n",[20,25783,25784],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[47,25786,25788],{"className":49,"code":25787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25789,25790,25826,25830],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25791,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25793,25657],{"class":65},[56,25795,1217],{"class":827},[56,25797,11023],{"class":76},[56,25799,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25801,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25805,1045],{"class":76},[56,25807,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25809,25674],{"class":1020},[56,25811,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25813,306],{"class":76},[56,25815,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25817,25683],{"class":1020},[56,25819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25821,1045],{"class":76},[56,25823,25690],{"class":80},[56,25825,9841],{"class":76},[56,25827,25828],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25829,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,25831,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25833,373],{"class":72},[56,25835,77],{"class":76},[56,25837,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25839,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25841,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25843,21709],{"class":62},[56,25845,25735],{"class":95},[56,25847,156],{"class":76},[56,25849,17459],{"class":95},[56,25851,7726],{"class":76},[20,25853,25854,25855,156],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25856,4146],{},[20,25858,25859],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[47,25861,25863],{"className":49,"code":25862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25864,25865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25866,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25868,373],{"class":72},[56,25870,77],{"class":76},[56,25872,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25874,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25876,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25878,21709],{"class":62},[56,25880,25735],{"class":95},[56,25882,99],{"class":76},[20,25884,25885,25886,156],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[264,25887,21742],{"href":17688},[42,25889,25891],{"id":25890},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25893,25894,25895,156],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25896,17600],{},[353,25898,8983,25900,25902],{"id":25899},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25901,17600],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25904,25905,25907],{},[15,25906,17600],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25909,986],{},[47,25911,25913],{"className":49,"code":25912,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25914,25915,25951],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25916,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25918,9697],{"class":65},[56,25920,1217],{"class":827},[56,25922,11023],{"class":76},[56,25924,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25926,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25928,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25930,1045],{"class":76},[56,25932,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25934,13414],{"class":1020},[56,25936,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25938,306],{"class":76},[56,25940,1231],{"class":1016},[56,25942,9831],{"class":1020},[56,25944,1017],{"class":1016},[56,25946,1045],{"class":76},[56,25948,8323],{"class":80},[56,25950,9841],{"class":76},[56,25952,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,25954,373],{"class":72},[56,25956,77],{"class":76},[56,25958,9736],{"class":95},[56,25960,156],{"class":76},[56,25962,17459],{"class":95},[56,25964,7726],{"class":76},[20,25966,25967],{},[37,25968,239],{},[47,25970,25972],{"className":49,"code":25971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25973,25974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25975,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25977,17550],{"class":95},[56,25979,3528],{"class":76},[56,25981,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25983,8201],{"class":1020},[56,25985,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25987,306],{"class":76},[56,25989,3839],{"class":1016},[56,25991,9831],{"class":1020},[56,25993,3844],{"class":1016},[56,25995,1294],{"class":76},[20,25997,25998,25999,156],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[264,26000,26001],{"href":17610},[15,26002,17613],{},[353,26004,26006,26007],{"id":26005},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,26008,17550],{},[20,26010,26011],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[47,26013,26015],{"className":49,"code":26014,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,26016,26017],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26018,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26020,402],{"class":76},[56,26022,3844],{"class":1016},[56,26024,8201],{"class":1020},[56,26026,3844],{"class":1016},[56,26028,306],{"class":76},[56,26030,3839],{"class":1016},[56,26032,9831],{"class":1020},[56,26034,3844],{"class":1016},[56,26036,427],{"class":76},[20,26038,26039,26040,26042],{},"But ",[15,26041,17600],{}," returns:",[47,26044,26045],{"className":49,"code":25971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,26046,26047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26048,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26050,17550],{"class":95},[56,26052,3528],{"class":76},[56,26054,3844],{"class":1016},[56,26056,8201],{"class":1020},[56,26058,3844],{"class":1016},[56,26060,306],{"class":76},[56,26062,3839],{"class":1016},[56,26064,9831],{"class":1020},[56,26066,3844],{"class":1016},[56,26068,1294],{"class":76},[20,26070,26071],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[47,26073,26075],{"className":49,"code":26074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26076,26077,26113,26132,26136],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26078,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26080,9697],{"class":65},[56,26082,1217],{"class":827},[56,26084,11023],{"class":76},[56,26086,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26088,8201],{"class":1020},[56,26090,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26092,1045],{"class":76},[56,26094,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26096,13414],{"class":1020},[56,26098,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26100,306],{"class":76},[56,26102,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26104,9831],{"class":1020},[56,26106,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26108,1045],{"class":76},[56,26110,8323],{"class":80},[56,26112,9841],{"class":76},[56,26114,26115,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26116,26117],{"class":65},"key_list ",[56,26119,1217],{"class":827},[56,26121,23096],{"class":378},[56,26123,77],{"class":76},[56,26125,9736],{"class":95},[56,26127,156],{"class":76},[56,26129,17459],{"class":95},[56,26131,7726],{"class":76},[56,26133,26134],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26135,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,26137,26138,26140,26142,26145],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,26139,373],{"class":72},[56,26141,77],{"class":76},[56,26143,26144],{"class":95},"key_list",[56,26146,99],{"class":76},[353,26148,2067,26150,26152],{"id":26149},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string",[15,26151,17600],{}," on a list or string",[20,26154,26155,26157],{},[15,26156,17600],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26159,924],{},[47,26161,26163],{"className":49,"code":26162,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26164,26165,26185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26166,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26168,1594],{"class":65},[56,26170,1217],{"class":827},[56,26172,1220],{"class":76},[56,26174,529],{"class":80},[56,26176,306],{"class":76},[56,26178,414],{"class":80},[56,26180,306],{"class":76},[56,26182,419],{"class":80},[56,26184,427],{"class":76},[56,26186,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26188,373],{"class":72},[56,26190,77],{"class":76},[56,26192,1618],{"class":95},[56,26194,156],{"class":76},[56,26196,17459],{"class":95},[56,26198,7726],{"class":76},[20,26200,26201,26202,26205,26206,26208,26209,156],{},"You may get an ",[15,26203,26204],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26207,17600],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[264,26210,26212,26213,26216],{"href":26211},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26214,26215],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[353,26218,26220],{"id":26219},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26222,26223],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[47,26225,26227],{"className":49,"code":26226,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26228,26229,26253],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26230,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26232,9697],{"class":65},[56,26234,1217],{"class":827},[56,26236,11023],{"class":76},[56,26238,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26240,8201],{"class":1020},[56,26242,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26244,1045],{"class":76},[56,26246,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26248,13414],{"class":1020},[56,26250,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26252,9841],{"class":76},[56,26254,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26256,373],{"class":72},[56,26258,77],{"class":76},[56,26260,9736],{"class":95},[56,26262,156],{"class":76},[56,26264,17459],{"class":25284},[56,26266,99],{"class":76},[20,26268,26269],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26271,19230],{},[47,26273,26275],{"className":49,"code":26274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26276,26277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26278,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26280,373],{"class":72},[56,26282,77],{"class":76},[56,26284,9736],{"class":95},[56,26286,156],{"class":76},[56,26288,17459],{"class":95},[56,26290,7726],{"class":76},[42,26292,3374],{"id":3373},[20,26294,26295,26296,1045],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26297,17600],{},[173,26299,26300,26305,26311,26317],{},[176,26301,958,26302,26304],{},[15,26303,17600],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[176,26306,26307,26308,26310],{},"Thinking ",[15,26309,17600],{}," returns values too",[176,26312,26313,26314,26316],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26315,17550],{}," like a normal list",[176,26318,26319,26320,26322],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26321,17550],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26324,26325],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[47,26327,26329],{"className":49,"code":26328,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26330,26331,26363,26377,26381,26391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26332,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26334,9697],{"class":65},[56,26336,1217],{"class":827},[56,26338,11023],{"class":76},[56,26340,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26342,264],{"class":1020},[56,26344,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26346,1045],{"class":76},[56,26348,409],{"class":80},[56,26350,306],{"class":76},[56,26352,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26354,1234],{"class":1020},[56,26356,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26358,1045],{"class":76},[56,26360,414],{"class":80},[56,26362,9841],{"class":76},[56,26364,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26366,17777],{"class":65},[56,26368,1217],{"class":827},[56,26370,15101],{"class":65},[56,26372,156],{"class":76},[56,26374,17459],{"class":95},[56,26376,9174],{"class":76},[56,26378,26379],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26380,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,26382,26383,26385,26387,26389],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,26384,373],{"class":72},[56,26386,77],{"class":76},[56,26388,17459],{"class":95},[56,26390,99],{"class":76},[56,26392,26393],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,26394,26395],{"class":112},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26397,26398],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[47,26400,26402],{"className":49,"code":26401,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26403,26404,26436,26454,26458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26405,26406,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26407,9697],{"class":65},[56,26409,1217],{"class":827},[56,26411,11023],{"class":76},[56,26413,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26415,264],{"class":1020},[56,26417,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26419,1045],{"class":76},[56,26421,409],{"class":80},[56,26423,306],{"class":76},[56,26425,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26427,1234],{"class":1020},[56,26429,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26431,1045],{"class":76},[56,26433,414],{"class":80},[56,26435,9841],{"class":76},[56,26437,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26439,17777],{"class":65},[56,26441,1217],{"class":827},[56,26443,23096],{"class":378},[56,26445,77],{"class":76},[56,26447,9736],{"class":95},[56,26449,156],{"class":76},[56,26451,17459],{"class":95},[56,26453,7726],{"class":76},[56,26455,26456],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26457,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,26459,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,26461,373],{"class":72},[56,26463,77],{"class":76},[56,26465,17459],{"class":95},[56,26467,402],{"class":76},[56,26469,152],{"class":80},[56,26471,1294],{"class":76},[42,26473,26475],{"id":26474},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26477,11645],{},[47,26479,26481],{"className":49,"code":26480,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26482,26483,26497,26507,26521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26484,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26486,373],{"class":72},[56,26488,77],{"class":76},[56,26490,2312],{"class":378},[56,26492,77],{"class":76},[56,26494,11982],{"class":95},[56,26496,1635],{"class":76},[56,26498,26499,26501,26503,26505],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26500,373],{"class":72},[56,26502,77],{"class":76},[56,26504,11982],{"class":95},[56,26506,99],{"class":76},[56,26508,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26510,373],{"class":72},[56,26512,77],{"class":76},[56,26514,11982],{"class":95},[56,26516,156],{"class":76},[56,26518,17459],{"class":95},[56,26520,7726],{"class":76},[56,26522,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,26524,373],{"class":72},[56,26526,77],{"class":76},[56,26528,379],{"class":378},[56,26530,77],{"class":76},[56,26532,11982],{"class":95},[56,26534,156],{"class":76},[56,26536,17459],{"class":95},[56,26538,6825],{"class":76},[20,26540,2325],{},[173,26542,26543,26546,26549,26554],{},[176,26544,26545],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[176,26547,26548],{},"what data it contains",[176,26550,26551,26552,12239],{},"what ",[15,26553,17600],{},[176,26555,26556],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[42,26558,2343],{"id":2342},[353,26560,24454,26562,5685],{"id":26561},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26563,17600],{},[20,26565,195,26566,26568],{},[15,26567,17550],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[353,26570,2385,26572,2388],{"id":26571},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26573,26574],{},"dict.keys()",[20,26576,2391,26577,26579,26580,156],{},[15,26578,17550],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26581,26582],{},"list(dict.keys())",[353,26584,26586,26587,2363],{"id":26585},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26588,26574],{},[20,26590,26591,26592,26594],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26593,31],{}," loop.",[353,26596,26598,26599,26601],{"id":26597},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26600,17600],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26603,26604,26605,26607],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26606,17600],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[353,26609,26611],{"id":26610},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26613,2638,26614,156],{},[15,26615,26616],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[42,26618,2417],{"id":2416},[173,26620,26621,26626,26632,26638,26644,26648],{},[176,26622,26623],{},[264,26624,26625],{"href":9923},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[176,26627,26628],{},[264,26629,11269,26630,11273],{"href":17603},[15,26631,17606],{},[176,26633,26634],{},[264,26635,11269,26636,11273],{"href":17610},[15,26637,17613],{},[176,26639,26640],{},[264,26641,26643],{"href":26642},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[176,26645,26646],{},[264,26647,17689],{"href":17688},[176,26649,26650],{},[264,26651,26652,26653,26216],{"href":26211},"How to fix ",[15,26654,26215],{},[2451,26656,26657],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":26659},[26660,26661,26663,26664,26665,26666,26667,26669,26678,26679,26680,26691],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":24784,"depth":87,"text":26662},"What keys() does",{"id":6325,"depth":87,"text":6326},{"id":5970,"depth":87,"text":5971},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":25472,"depth":87,"text":25473},{"id":25628,"depth":87,"text":26668},"When to use keys()",{"id":25890,"depth":87,"text":25891,"children":26670},[26671,26673,26675,26677],{"id":25899,"depth":102,"text":26672},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26005,"depth":102,"text":26674},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26149,"depth":102,"text":26676},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26219,"depth":102,"text":26220},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":26474,"depth":87,"text":26475},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":26681},[26682,26684,26686,26688,26690],{"id":26561,"depth":102,"text":26683},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26571,"depth":102,"text":26685},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26585,"depth":102,"text":26687},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26597,"depth":102,"text":26689},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26610,"depth":102,"text":26611},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24606,"description":26692},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26698,"title":26699,"body":26700,"description":28973,"extension":2509,"meta":28974,"navigation":105,"path":28975,"seo":28976,"stem":28977,"__hash__":28978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26701,"toc":28926},[26702,26707,26712,26715,26717,26863,26876,26881,26885,26899,26901,27004,27013,27015,27018,27056,27081,27083,27190,27192,27199,27202,27210,27212,27353,27361,27366,27370,27381,27383,27545,27548,27556,27563,27569,27666,27672,27749,27752,27764,27769,27775,27778,27782,27871,27874,27878,27982,27989,28076,28085,28087,28092,28098,28101,28147,28150,28216,28225,28231,28324,28330,28336,28379,28382,28447,28453,28545,28548,28552,28558,28583,28586,28682,28689,28691,28696,28787,28789,28817,28822,28824,28831,28834,28838,28848,28853,28856,28863,28873,28880,28888,28890,28923],[10,26703,11850,26705,11854],{"id":26704},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26706,13296],{},[20,26708,26709,26711],{},[15,26710,13103],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26713,26714],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[42,26716,4151],{"id":4150},[47,26718,26720],{"className":49,"code":26719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26721,26722,26758,26782,26796,26809,26813,26818,26850],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26723,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26725,13738],{"class":65},[56,26727,1217],{"class":827},[56,26729,11023],{"class":76},[56,26731,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26733,8201],{"class":1020},[56,26735,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26737,1045],{"class":76},[56,26739,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26741,13414],{"class":1020},[56,26743,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26745,306],{"class":76},[56,26747,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26749,9831],{"class":1020},[56,26751,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26753,1045],{"class":76},[56,26755,9838],{"class":80},[56,26757,9841],{"class":76},[56,26759,26760,26763,26765,26767,26769,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26761,26762],{"class":65},"removed_age ",[56,26764,1217],{"class":827},[56,26766,13781],{"class":65},[56,26768,156],{"class":76},[56,26770,26771],{"class":95},"pop",[56,26773,77],{"class":76},[56,26775,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26777,9831],{"class":1020},[56,26779,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26781,99],{"class":76},[56,26783,26784,26786,26788,26791,26793],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26785,373],{"class":72},[56,26787,77],{"class":76},[56,26789,26790],{"class":95},"removed_age",[56,26792,4202],{"class":76},[56,26794,26795],{"class":112},"   # 25\n",[56,26797,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,26799,373],{"class":72},[56,26801,77],{"class":76},[56,26803,17842],{"class":95},[56,26805,4202],{"class":76},[56,26807,26808],{"class":112},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[56,26810,26811],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,26812,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,26814,26815],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,26816,26817],{"class":112},"# Safe version with default value\n",[56,26819,26820,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26846,26848],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,26821,26822],{"class":65},"country ",[56,26824,1217],{"class":827},[56,26826,13781],{"class":65},[56,26828,156],{"class":76},[56,26830,26771],{"class":95},[56,26832,77],{"class":76},[56,26834,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26836,15796],{"class":1020},[56,26838,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26840,306],{"class":76},[56,26842,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26844,26845],{"class":1020},"Not found",[56,26847,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26849,99],{"class":76},[56,26851,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,26853,373],{"class":72},[56,26855,77],{"class":76},[56,26857,15796],{"class":95},[56,26859,4202],{"class":76},[56,26861,26862],{"class":112},"       # Not found\n",[20,26864,2638,26865,26868,26869,26872,26873,26875],{},[15,26866,26867],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26870,26871],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26874,20222],{}," when the key might not exist.",[42,26877,160,26879,163],{"id":26878},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26880,13103],{},[20,26882,26883,1045],{},[15,26884,13103],{},[173,26886,26887,26890,26893,26896],{},[176,26888,26889],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[176,26891,26892],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[176,26894,26895],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[176,26897,26898],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26900,986],{},[47,26902,26904],{"className":49,"code":26903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26905,26906,26946,26950,26973,26977,26991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26907,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26909,12021],{"class":65},[56,26911,1217],{"class":827},[56,26913,11023],{"class":76},[56,26915,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26917,8201],{"class":1020},[56,26919,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26921,1045],{"class":76},[56,26923,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26925,13755],{"class":1020},[56,26927,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26929,306],{"class":76},[56,26931,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26933,10941],{"class":1020},[56,26935,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26937,1045],{"class":76},[56,26939,1231],{"class":1016},[56,26941,10948],{"class":1020},[56,26943,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26945,9841],{"class":76},[56,26947,26948],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,26949,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,26951,26952,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26953,26954],{"class":65},"removed_city ",[56,26956,1217],{"class":827},[56,26958,12104],{"class":65},[56,26960,156],{"class":76},[56,26962,26771],{"class":95},[56,26964,77],{"class":76},[56,26966,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26968,10941],{"class":1020},[56,26970,1017],{"class":1016},[56,26972,99],{"class":76},[56,26974,26975],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,26976,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,26978,26979,26981,26983,26986,26988],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,26980,373],{"class":72},[56,26982,77],{"class":76},[56,26984,26985],{"class":95},"removed_city",[56,26987,4202],{"class":76},[56,26989,26990],{"class":112},"  # Paris\n",[56,26992,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,26994,373],{"class":72},[56,26996,77],{"class":76},[56,26998,12115],{"class":95},[56,27000,4202],{"class":76},[56,27002,27003],{"class":112},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,27005,21306,27006,27009,27010,156],{},[15,27007,27008],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,27011,27012],{},"\"Paris\"",[42,27014,2702],{"id":2701},[20,27016,27017],{},"There are two common forms:",[47,27019,27021],{"className":49,"code":27020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27022,27023,27037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27024,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27026,11982],{"class":65},[56,27028,156],{"class":76},[56,27030,26771],{"class":95},[56,27032,77],{"class":76},[56,27034,15376],{"class":95},[56,27036,99],{"class":76},[56,27038,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27054],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27040,11982],{"class":65},[56,27042,156],{"class":76},[56,27044,26771],{"class":95},[56,27046,77],{"class":76},[56,27048,15376],{"class":95},[56,27050,306],{"class":76},[56,27052,27053],{"class":95}," default",[56,27055,99],{"class":76},[173,27057,27058,27064,27072,27078],{},[176,27059,27060,27063],{},[15,27061,27062],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[176,27065,27066,27068,27069,27071],{},[15,27067,27062],{}," raises ",[15,27070,20222],{}," if the key is missing",[176,27073,27074,27077],{},[15,27075,27076],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[176,27079,27080],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27082,986],{},[47,27084,27086],{"className":49,"code":27085,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27087,27088,27120,27124,27149,27177],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27089,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27091,5603],{"class":65},[56,27093,1217],{"class":827},[56,27095,11023],{"class":76},[56,27097,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27099,18952],{"class":1020},[56,27101,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27103,1045],{"class":76},[56,27105,20433],{"class":80},[56,27107,306],{"class":76},[56,27109,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27111,18961],{"class":1020},[56,27113,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27115,1045],{"class":76},[56,27117,14041],{"class":80},[56,27119,9841],{"class":76},[56,27121,27122],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27123,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27125,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27127,373],{"class":72},[56,27129,77],{"class":76},[56,27131,16924],{"class":95},[56,27133,156],{"class":76},[56,27135,26771],{"class":95},[56,27137,77],{"class":76},[56,27139,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27141,18952],{"class":1020},[56,27143,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27145,5901],{"class":76},[56,27147,27148],{"class":112},"         # 90\n",[56,27150,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,27152,373],{"class":72},[56,27154,77],{"class":76},[56,27156,16924],{"class":95},[56,27158,156],{"class":76},[56,27160,26771],{"class":95},[56,27162,77],{"class":76},[56,27164,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27166,18970],{"class":1020},[56,27168,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27170,306],{"class":76},[56,27172,822],{"class":80},[56,27174,5901],{"class":76},[56,27176,21303],{"class":112},[56,27178,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,27180,373],{"class":72},[56,27182,77],{"class":76},[56,27184,16924],{"class":95},[56,27186,4202],{"class":76},[56,27188,27189],{"class":112},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[42,27191,17954],{"id":17953},[20,27193,27194,14588,27196,27198],{},[15,27195,13296],{},[37,27197,5170],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27200,27201],{},"Instead, it returns:",[173,27203,27204,27207],{},[176,27205,27206],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[176,27208,27209],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27211,986],{},[47,27213,27215],{"className":49,"code":27214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27216,27217,27249,27253,27276,27308,27312,27326,27340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27218,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27220,9697],{"class":65},[56,27222,1217],{"class":827},[56,27224,11023],{"class":76},[56,27226,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27228,264],{"class":1020},[56,27230,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27232,1045],{"class":76},[56,27234,534],{"class":80},[56,27236,306],{"class":76},[56,27238,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27240,1234],{"class":1020},[56,27242,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27244,1045],{"class":76},[56,27246,8323],{"class":80},[56,27248,9841],{"class":76},[56,27250,27251],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27252,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27254,27255,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27256,27257],{"class":65},"result1 ",[56,27259,1217],{"class":827},[56,27261,15101],{"class":65},[56,27263,156],{"class":76},[56,27265,26771],{"class":95},[56,27267,77],{"class":76},[56,27269,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27271,264],{"class":1020},[56,27273,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27275,99],{"class":76},[56,27277,27278,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27304,27306],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,27279,27280],{"class":65},"result2 ",[56,27282,1217],{"class":827},[56,27284,15101],{"class":65},[56,27286,156],{"class":76},[56,27288,26771],{"class":95},[56,27290,77],{"class":76},[56,27292,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27294,1243],{"class":1020},[56,27296,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27298,306],{"class":76},[56,27300,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27302,27303],{"class":1020},"missing",[56,27305,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27307,99],{"class":76},[56,27309,27310],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,27311,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27313,27314,27316,27318,27321,27323],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,27315,373],{"class":72},[56,27317,77],{"class":76},[56,27319,27320],{"class":95},"result1",[56,27322,4202],{"class":76},[56,27324,27325],{"class":112},"  # 10\n",[56,27327,27328,27330,27332,27335,27337],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,27329,373],{"class":72},[56,27331,77],{"class":76},[56,27333,27334],{"class":95},"result2",[56,27336,4202],{"class":76},[56,27338,27339],{"class":112},"  # missing\n",[56,27341,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,27343,373],{"class":72},[56,27345,77],{"class":76},[56,27347,9736],{"class":95},[56,27349,4202],{"class":76},[56,27351,27352],{"class":112},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27354,27355,27356,7162],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[264,27357,27358],{"href":11268},[15,27359,27360],{},"dict.get()",[42,27362,5500,27364],{"id":27363},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27365,13296],{},[20,27367,2638,27368,11133],{},[15,27369,13296],{},[173,27371,27372,27375,27378],{},[176,27373,27374],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[176,27376,27377],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[176,27379,27380],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27382,986],{},[47,27384,27386],{"className":49,"code":27385,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27387,27388,27440,27444,27471,27475,27499,27503,27517,27531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27389,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27424,27426,27428,27431,27433,27435,27438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27391,25657],{"class":65},[56,27393,1217],{"class":827},[56,27395,11023],{"class":76},[56,27397,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27399,8201],{"class":1020},[56,27401,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27403,1045],{"class":76},[56,27405,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27407,27408],{"class":1020},"Laptop",[56,27410,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27412,306],{"class":76},[56,27414,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27416,25683],{"class":1020},[56,27418,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27420,1045],{"class":76},[56,27422,27423],{"class":80}," 1200",[56,27425,306],{"class":76},[56,27427,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27429,27430],{"class":1020},"discount",[56,27432,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27434,1045],{"class":76},[56,27436,27437],{"class":80}," 200",[56,27439,9841],{"class":76},[56,27441,27442],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27443,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27445,27446,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27447,27448],{"class":65},"discount_amount ",[56,27450,1217],{"class":827},[56,27452,25735],{"class":65},[56,27454,156],{"class":76},[56,27456,26771],{"class":95},[56,27458,77],{"class":76},[56,27460,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27462,27430],{"class":1020},[56,27464,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27466,306],{"class":76},[56,27468,822],{"class":80},[56,27470,99],{"class":76},[56,27472,27473],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,27474,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27476,27477,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,27478,27479],{"class":65},"final_price ",[56,27481,1217],{"class":827},[56,27483,25735],{"class":65},[56,27485,402],{"class":76},[56,27487,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27489,25683],{"class":1020},[56,27491,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27493,13807],{"class":76},[56,27495,828],{"class":827},[56,27497,27498],{"class":65}," discount_amount\n",[56,27500,27501],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,27502,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27504,27505,27507,27509,27512,27514],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,27506,373],{"class":72},[56,27508,77],{"class":76},[56,27510,27511],{"class":95},"discount_amount",[56,27513,4202],{"class":76},[56,27515,27516],{"class":112},"  # 200\n",[56,27518,27519,27521,27523,27526,27528],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,27520,373],{"class":72},[56,27522,77],{"class":76},[56,27524,27525],{"class":95},"final_price",[56,27527,4202],{"class":76},[56,27529,27530],{"class":112},"      # 1000\n",[56,27532,27533,27535,27537,27540,27542],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,27534,373],{"class":72},[56,27536,77],{"class":76},[56,27538,27539],{"class":95},"product",[56,27541,4202],{"class":76},[56,27543,27544],{"class":112},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27546,27547],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[42,27549,27551,1682,27553],{"id":27550},"pop-vs-del",[15,27552,13296],{},[15,27554,27555],{},"del",[20,27557,11122,27558,4935,27560,27562],{},[15,27559,13296],{},[15,27561,27555],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[353,27564,2638,27566,27568],{"id":27565},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27567,13296],{}," when you need the removed value",[47,27570,27572],{"className":49,"code":27571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27573,27574,27610,27614,27636,27640,27653],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27575,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27577,13738],{"class":65},[56,27579,1217],{"class":827},[56,27581,11023],{"class":76},[56,27583,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27585,8201],{"class":1020},[56,27587,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27589,1045],{"class":76},[56,27591,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27593,13414],{"class":1020},[56,27595,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27597,306],{"class":76},[56,27599,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27601,9831],{"class":1020},[56,27603,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27605,1045],{"class":76},[56,27607,9838],{"class":80},[56,27609,9841],{"class":76},[56,27611,27612],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27613,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27615,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27617,22164],{"class":65},[56,27619,1217],{"class":827},[56,27621,13781],{"class":65},[56,27623,156],{"class":76},[56,27625,26771],{"class":95},[56,27627,77],{"class":76},[56,27629,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27631,9831],{"class":1020},[56,27633,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27635,99],{"class":76},[56,27637,27638],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,27639,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27641,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,27643,373],{"class":72},[56,27645,77],{"class":76},[56,27647,9831],{"class":95},[56,27649,4202],{"class":76},[56,27651,27652],{"class":112},"     # 25\n",[56,27654,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,27656,373],{"class":72},[56,27658,77],{"class":76},[56,27660,17842],{"class":95},[56,27662,4202],{"class":76},[56,27664,27665],{"class":112},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[353,27667,2638,27669,27671],{"id":27668},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27670,27555],{}," when you only want deletion",[47,27673,27675],{"className":49,"code":27674,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27676,27677,27713,27717,27733,27737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27678,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27680,13738],{"class":65},[56,27682,1217],{"class":827},[56,27684,11023],{"class":76},[56,27686,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27688,8201],{"class":1020},[56,27690,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27692,1045],{"class":76},[56,27694,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27696,13414],{"class":1020},[56,27698,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27700,306],{"class":76},[56,27702,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27704,9831],{"class":1020},[56,27706,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27708,1045],{"class":76},[56,27710,9838],{"class":80},[56,27712,9841],{"class":76},[56,27714,27715],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27716,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27718,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27720,27555],{"class":62},[56,27722,13781],{"class":65},[56,27724,402],{"class":76},[56,27726,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27728,9831],{"class":1020},[56,27730,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27732,427],{"class":76},[56,27734,27735],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,27736,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27738,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,27740,373],{"class":72},[56,27742,77],{"class":76},[56,27744,17842],{"class":95},[56,27746,4202],{"class":76},[56,27748,27665],{"class":112},[20,27750,27751],{},"Difference:",[173,27753,27754,27759],{},[176,27755,27756,27758],{},[15,27757,13296],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[176,27760,27761,27763],{},[15,27762,27555],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27765,27766,27767,156],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[264,27768,13108],{"href":13107},[42,27770,27772,27773],{"id":27771},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27774,20222],{},[20,27776,27777],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[353,27779,27781],{"id":27780},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[47,27783,27785],{"className":49,"code":27784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27786,27787,27812,27816,27842,27846,27858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27788,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27808,27810],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27790,12258],{"class":65},[56,27792,1217],{"class":827},[56,27794,11023],{"class":76},[56,27796,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27798,8201],{"class":1020},[56,27800,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27802,1045],{"class":76},[56,27804,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27806,27807],{"class":1020},"Sara",[56,27809,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27811,9841],{"class":76},[56,27813,27814],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27815,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27817,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27819,2992],{"class":65},[56,27821,1217],{"class":827},[56,27823,12300],{"class":65},[56,27825,156],{"class":76},[56,27827,26771],{"class":95},[56,27829,77],{"class":76},[56,27831,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27833,9831],{"class":1020},[56,27835,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27837,306],{"class":76},[56,27839,4394],{"class":4393},[56,27841,99],{"class":76},[56,27843,27844],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,27845,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27847,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,27849,373],{"class":72},[56,27851,77],{"class":76},[56,27853,3017],{"class":95},[56,27855,4202],{"class":76},[56,27857,21096],{"class":112},[56,27859,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,27861,373],{"class":72},[56,27863,77],{"class":76},[56,27865,11982],{"class":95},[56,27867,4202],{"class":76},[56,27869,27870],{"class":112}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27872,27873],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[353,27875,27877],{"id":27876},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[47,27879,27881],{"className":49,"code":27880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27882,27883,27907,27911,27927,27950,27960,27967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27884,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27886,12258],{"class":65},[56,27888,1217],{"class":827},[56,27890,11023],{"class":76},[56,27892,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27894,8201],{"class":1020},[56,27896,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27898,1045],{"class":76},[56,27900,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27902,27807],{"class":1020},[56,27904,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27906,9841],{"class":76},[56,27908,27909],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,27910,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,27912,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27914,7529],{"class":62},[56,27916,1231],{"class":1016},[56,27918,9831],{"class":1020},[56,27920,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27922,21709],{"class":827},[56,27924,12300],{"class":65},[56,27926,1390],{"class":76},[56,27928,27929,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,27930,27931],{"class":65},"    value ",[56,27933,1217],{"class":827},[56,27935,12300],{"class":65},[56,27937,156],{"class":76},[56,27939,26771],{"class":95},[56,27941,77],{"class":76},[56,27943,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27945,9831],{"class":1020},[56,27947,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27949,99],{"class":76},[56,27951,27952,27954,27956,27958],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,27953,90],{"class":72},[56,27955,77],{"class":76},[56,27957,3017],{"class":95},[56,27959,99],{"class":76},[56,27961,27962,27965],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,27963,27964],{"class":62},"else",[56,27966,1390],{"class":76},[56,27968,27969,27971,27973,27975,27978,27980],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,27970,90],{"class":72},[56,27972,77],{"class":76},[56,27974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27976,27977],{"class":1020},"Key not found",[56,27979,1017],{"class":1016},[56,27981,99],{"class":76},[353,27983,27985,27986,27988],{"id":27984},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27987,11272],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[47,27990,27992],{"className":49,"code":27991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27993,27994,28018,28022,28048,28052,28064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27995,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27997,12258],{"class":65},[56,27999,1217],{"class":827},[56,28001,11023],{"class":76},[56,28003,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28005,8201],{"class":1020},[56,28007,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28009,1045],{"class":76},[56,28011,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28013,27807],{"class":1020},[56,28015,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28017,9841],{"class":76},[56,28019,28020],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28021,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28023,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28025,2992],{"class":65},[56,28027,1217],{"class":827},[56,28029,12300],{"class":65},[56,28031,156],{"class":76},[56,28033,20285],{"class":95},[56,28035,77],{"class":76},[56,28037,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28039,9831],{"class":1020},[56,28041,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28043,306],{"class":76},[56,28045,4394],{"class":4393},[56,28047,99],{"class":76},[56,28049,28050],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,28051,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28053,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,28055,373],{"class":72},[56,28057,77],{"class":76},[56,28059,3017],{"class":95},[56,28061,4202],{"class":76},[56,28063,21096],{"class":112},[56,28065,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,28067,373],{"class":72},[56,28069,77],{"class":76},[56,28071,11982],{"class":95},[56,28073,4202],{"class":76},[56,28075,27870],{"class":112},[20,28077,2638,28078,28082,28083,156],{},[264,28079,28080],{"href":11268},[15,28081,27360],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[264,28084,11794],{"href":11606},[42,28086,1690],{"id":1689},[20,28088,28089,28090,156],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28091,13103],{},[353,28093,26307,28095,28097],{"id":28094},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28096,13296],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28099,28100],{},"Lists use indexes:",[47,28102,28104],{"className":49,"code":28103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28105,28106,28126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28107,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28109,1594],{"class":65},[56,28111,1217],{"class":827},[56,28113,1220],{"class":76},[56,28115,2291],{"class":80},[56,28117,306],{"class":76},[56,28119,8323],{"class":80},[56,28121,306],{"class":76},[56,28123,8328],{"class":80},[56,28125,427],{"class":76},[56,28127,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28129,373],{"class":72},[56,28131,77],{"class":76},[56,28133,1618],{"class":95},[56,28135,156],{"class":76},[56,28137,26771],{"class":95},[56,28139,77],{"class":76},[56,28141,529],{"class":80},[56,28143,5901],{"class":76},[56,28145,28146],{"class":112},"  # 20\n",[20,28148,28149],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[47,28151,28153],{"className":49,"code":28152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28154,28155,28191],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28156,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28158,13738],{"class":65},[56,28160,1217],{"class":827},[56,28162,11023],{"class":76},[56,28164,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28166,8201],{"class":1020},[56,28168,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28170,1045],{"class":76},[56,28172,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28174,13414],{"class":1020},[56,28176,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28178,306],{"class":76},[56,28180,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28182,9831],{"class":1020},[56,28184,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28186,1045],{"class":76},[56,28188,9838],{"class":80},[56,28190,9841],{"class":76},[56,28192,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28194,373],{"class":72},[56,28196,77],{"class":76},[56,28198,17842],{"class":95},[56,28200,156],{"class":76},[56,28202,26771],{"class":95},[56,28204,77],{"class":76},[56,28206,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28208,9831],{"class":1020},[56,28210,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28212,5901],{"class":76},[56,28214,28215],{"class":112},"  # 25\n",[20,28217,28218,28219,28221,28222,28224],{},"A dictionary does ",[37,28220,5170],{}," use positions with ",[15,28223,13296],{},". It uses keys.",[353,28226,2103,28228,28230],{"id":28227},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28229,13296],{}," changes the original dictionary",[47,28232,28234],{"className":49,"code":28233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28235,28236,28268,28272,28294,28298,28311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28237,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28239,9697],{"class":65},[56,28241,1217],{"class":827},[56,28243,11023],{"class":76},[56,28245,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28247,2719],{"class":1020},[56,28249,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28251,1045],{"class":76},[56,28253,409],{"class":80},[56,28255,306],{"class":76},[56,28257,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28259,12279],{"class":1020},[56,28261,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28263,1045],{"class":76},[56,28265,414],{"class":80},[56,28267,9841],{"class":76},[56,28269,28270],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28271,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28273,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28275,2992],{"class":65},[56,28277,1217],{"class":827},[56,28279,15101],{"class":65},[56,28281,156],{"class":76},[56,28283,26771],{"class":95},[56,28285,77],{"class":76},[56,28287,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28289,2719],{"class":1020},[56,28291,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28293,99],{"class":76},[56,28295,28296],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,28297,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28299,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,28301,373],{"class":72},[56,28303,77],{"class":76},[56,28305,3017],{"class":95},[56,28307,4202],{"class":76},[56,28309,28310],{"class":112},"  # 1\n",[56,28312,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,28314,373],{"class":72},[56,28316,77],{"class":76},[56,28318,9736],{"class":95},[56,28320,4202],{"class":76},[56,28322,28323],{"class":112},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28325,28326,28327,28329],{},"After ",[15,28328,13296],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[353,28331,958,28333,28335],{"id":28332},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28334,13296],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[47,28337,28339],{"className":49,"code":28338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28340,28341,28365,28369,28374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28342,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28344,9697],{"class":65},[56,28346,1217],{"class":827},[56,28348,11023],{"class":76},[56,28350,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28352,8201],{"class":1020},[56,28354,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28356,1045],{"class":76},[56,28358,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28360,8454],{"class":1020},[56,28362,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28364,9841],{"class":76},[56,28366,28367],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28368,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28370,28371],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28372,28373],{"class":112},"# This causes an error\n",[56,28375,28376],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,28377,28378],{"class":112},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28380,28381],{},"Safer version:",[47,28383,28385],{"className":49,"code":28384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28386,28387,28411,28415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28388,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28390,9697],{"class":65},[56,28392,1217],{"class":827},[56,28394,11023],{"class":76},[56,28396,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28398,8201],{"class":1020},[56,28400,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28402,1045],{"class":76},[56,28404,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28406,8454],{"class":1020},[56,28408,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28410,9841],{"class":76},[56,28412,28413],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28414,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28416,28417,28419,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439,28441,28443,28445],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28418,373],{"class":72},[56,28420,77],{"class":76},[56,28422,9736],{"class":95},[56,28424,156],{"class":76},[56,28426,26771],{"class":95},[56,28428,77],{"class":76},[56,28430,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28432,9831],{"class":1020},[56,28434,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28436,306],{"class":76},[56,28438,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28440,27303],{"class":1020},[56,28442,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28444,5901],{"class":76},[56,28446,27339],{"class":112},[353,28448,8983,28450,28452],{"id":28449},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28451,13296],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[47,28454,28456],{"className":49,"code":28455,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28457,28458,28490,28494,28516,28520,28532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28459,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28461,9697],{"class":65},[56,28463,1217],{"class":827},[56,28465,11023],{"class":76},[56,28467,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28469,264],{"class":1020},[56,28471,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28473,1045],{"class":76},[56,28475,409],{"class":80},[56,28477,306],{"class":76},[56,28479,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28481,1234],{"class":1020},[56,28483,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28485,1045],{"class":76},[56,28487,414],{"class":80},[56,28489,9841],{"class":76},[56,28491,28492],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28493,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28495,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28497,2775],{"class":65},[56,28499,1217],{"class":827},[56,28501,15101],{"class":65},[56,28503,156],{"class":76},[56,28505,26771],{"class":95},[56,28507,77],{"class":76},[56,28509,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28511,264],{"class":1020},[56,28513,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28515,99],{"class":76},[56,28517,28518],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,28519,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28521,28522,28524,28526,28528,28530],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,28523,373],{"class":72},[56,28525,77],{"class":76},[56,28527,2809],{"class":95},[56,28529,4202],{"class":76},[56,28531,28310],{"class":112},[56,28533,28534,28536,28538,28540,28542],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,28535,373],{"class":72},[56,28537,77],{"class":76},[56,28539,9736],{"class":95},[56,28541,4202],{"class":76},[56,28543,28544],{"class":112},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28546,28547],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[42,28549,28551],{"id":28550},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28553,28554,28555,28557],{},"Problems with ",[15,28556,13103],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[173,28559,28560,28563,28572,28575],{},[176,28561,28562],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[176,28564,28565,28566,28569,28570],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28567,28568],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28571,26867],{},[176,28573,28574],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[176,28576,28577,28578,11624,28580],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28579,529],{},[15,28581,28582],{},"\"1\"",[20,28584,28585],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[47,28587,28589],{"className":49,"code":28588,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28590,28591,28615,28619,28649],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28592,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28594,9697],{"class":65},[56,28596,1217],{"class":827},[56,28598,11023],{"class":76},[56,28600,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28602,529],{"class":1020},[56,28604,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28606,1045],{"class":76},[56,28608,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28610,7116],{"class":1020},[56,28612,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28614,9841],{"class":76},[56,28616,28617],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28618,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,28620,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28642,28644,28646],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28622,373],{"class":72},[56,28624,77],{"class":76},[56,28626,9736],{"class":95},[56,28628,156],{"class":76},[56,28630,26771],{"class":95},[56,28632,77],{"class":76},[56,28634,529],{"class":80},[56,28636,306],{"class":76},[56,28638,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28640,28641],{"class":1020},"not found",[56,28643,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28645,5901],{"class":76},[56,28647,28648],{"class":112},"    # not found\n",[56,28650,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,28652,373],{"class":72},[56,28654,77],{"class":76},[56,28656,9736],{"class":95},[56,28658,156],{"class":76},[56,28660,26771],{"class":95},[56,28662,77],{"class":76},[56,28664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28666,529],{"class":1020},[56,28668,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28670,306],{"class":76},[56,28672,1231],{"class":1016},[56,28674,28641],{"class":1020},[56,28676,1017],{"class":1016},[56,28678,5901],{"class":76},[56,28680,28681],{"class":112},"  # one\n",[20,28683,28684,4935,28686,28688],{},[15,28685,529],{},[15,28687,28582],{}," are different keys.",[42,28690,9404],{"id":9403},[20,28692,2211,28693,28695],{},[15,28694,13296],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,28697,28699],{"className":49,"code":28698,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28700,28701,28711,28725,28743,28773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28702,28703,28705,28707,28709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28704,373],{"class":72},[56,28706,77],{"class":76},[56,28708,11982],{"class":95},[56,28710,99],{"class":76},[56,28712,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,28714,373],{"class":72},[56,28716,77],{"class":76},[56,28718,11982],{"class":95},[56,28720,156],{"class":76},[56,28722,17459],{"class":95},[56,28724,7726],{"class":76},[56,28726,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28728,373],{"class":72},[56,28730,77],{"class":76},[56,28732,3844],{"class":1016},[56,28734,8201],{"class":1020},[56,28736,3844],{"class":1016},[56,28738,21709],{"class":62},[56,28740,12300],{"class":95},[56,28742,99],{"class":76},[56,28744,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,28746,373],{"class":72},[56,28748,77],{"class":76},[56,28750,11982],{"class":95},[56,28752,156],{"class":76},[56,28754,26771],{"class":95},[56,28756,77],{"class":76},[56,28758,3844],{"class":1016},[56,28760,8201],{"class":1020},[56,28762,3844],{"class":1016},[56,28764,306],{"class":76},[56,28766,3839],{"class":1016},[56,28768,27303],{"class":1020},[56,28770,3844],{"class":1016},[56,28772,1635],{"class":76},[56,28774,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,28776,373],{"class":72},[56,28778,77],{"class":76},[56,28780,2312],{"class":378},[56,28782,77],{"class":76},[56,28784,11982],{"class":95},[56,28786,1635],{"class":76},[20,28788,21872],{},[173,28790,28791,28796,28801,28806,28812],{},[176,28792,28793,28795],{},[15,28794,13213],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[176,28797,28798,28800],{},[15,28799,21884],{}," shows all available keys",[176,28802,28803,28805],{},[15,28804,21890],{}," checks whether a key exists",[176,28807,28808,28811],{},[15,28809,28810],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[176,28813,28814,28816],{},[15,28815,13219],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28818,28819,28820,156],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[264,28821,9924],{"href":9923},[42,28823,2343],{"id":2342},[353,28825,28827,28828,28830],{"id":28826},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28829,13296],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28832,28833],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[353,28835,28837],{"id":28836},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28839,28840,27068,28842,28844,28845,28847],{},[15,28841,26867],{},[15,28843,20222],{},". ",[15,28846,26871],{}," returns the default value instead.",[353,28849,2347,28851,15431],{"id":28850},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28852,13296],{},[20,28854,28855],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[353,28857,28859,28860,28862],{"id":28858},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28861,13296],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28864,28865,28866,28868,28869,156],{},"Not with ",[15,28867,13103],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[264,28870,28871],{"href":13114},[15,28872,13303],{},[353,28874,5718,28876,4935,28878,2363],{"id":28875},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28877,11272],{},[15,28879,13296],{},[20,28881,28882,28884,28885,28887],{},[15,28883,11272],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28886,13296],{}," reads and removes it.",[42,28889,2417],{"id":2416},[173,28891,28892,28898,28905,28909,28913,28917],{},[176,28893,28894],{},[264,28895,28896],{"href":11268},[15,28897,20203],{},[176,28899,28900],{},[264,28901,28902],{"href":13114},[15,28903,28904],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[176,28906,28907],{},[264,28908,13320],{"href":13107},[176,28910,28911],{},[264,28912,21993],{"href":17132},[176,28914,28915],{},[264,28916,11794],{"href":11606},[176,28918,28919],{},[264,28920,28922],{"href":28921},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2451,28924,28925],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":28927},[28928,28929,28931,28932,28933,28935,28942,28949,28959,28960,28961,28972],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":26878,"depth":87,"text":28930},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":27363,"depth":87,"text":28934},"When to use pop()",{"id":27550,"depth":87,"text":28936,"children":28937},"pop() vs del",[28938,28940],{"id":27565,"depth":102,"text":28939},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27668,"depth":102,"text":28941},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27771,"depth":87,"text":28943,"children":28944},"How to avoid KeyError",[28945,28946,28947],{"id":27780,"depth":102,"text":27781},{"id":27876,"depth":102,"text":27877},{"id":27984,"depth":102,"text":28948},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":28950},[28951,28953,28955,28957],{"id":28094,"depth":102,"text":28952},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28227,"depth":102,"text":28954},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28332,"depth":102,"text":28956},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28449,"depth":102,"text":28958},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28550,"depth":87,"text":28551},{"id":9403,"depth":87,"text":9404},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":28962},[28963,28965,28966,28968,28970],{"id":28826,"depth":102,"text":28964},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28836,"depth":102,"text":28837},{"id":28850,"depth":102,"text":28967},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28858,"depth":102,"text":28969},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28875,"depth":102,"text":28971},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26699,"description":28973},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28980,"title":28904,"body":28981,"description":30919,"extension":2509,"meta":30920,"navigation":105,"path":30921,"seo":30922,"stem":30923,"__hash__":30924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28982,"toc":30883},[28983,28988,28993,28996,29004,29014,29016,29105,29109,29158,29163,29168,29172,29188,29191,29193,29208,29210,29226,29233,29237,29243,29252,29254,29323,29327,29348,29351,29370,29373,29396,29398,29401,29516,29520,29579,29586,29590,29596,29721,29725,29775,29778,29782,29789,29791,29854,29858,29879,29882,29891,29906,29914,29921,29925,29937,29941,29952,29954,30099,30103,30161,30168,30173,30177,30183,30206,30211,30230,30234,30305,30312,30385,30394,30399,30404,30415,30418,30555,30560,30592,30597,30599,30603,30663,30666,30723,30726,30769,30771,30776,30782,30788,30791,30798,30806,30811,30814,30821,30829,30831,30880],[10,28984,11850,28986,11854],{"id":28985},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28987,13303],{},[20,28989,2526,28990,28992],{},[15,28991,13303],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28994,28995],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[173,28997,28998,29001],{},[176,28999,29000],{},"remove an item",[176,29002,29003],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,29005,29006,29007,29009,29010,29013],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,29008,13303],{}," removes the ",[37,29011,29012],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[42,29015,45],{"id":44},[47,29017,29019],{"className":49,"code":29018,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,29020,29021,29065,29081,29085,29095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29022,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29024,9697],{"class":65},[56,29026,1217],{"class":827},[56,29028,11023],{"class":76},[56,29030,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29032,264],{"class":1020},[56,29034,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29036,1045],{"class":76},[56,29038,409],{"class":80},[56,29040,306],{"class":76},[56,29042,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29044,1234],{"class":1020},[56,29046,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29048,1045],{"class":76},[56,29050,414],{"class":80},[56,29052,306],{"class":76},[56,29054,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29056,1243],{"class":1020},[56,29058,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29060,1045],{"class":76},[56,29062,419],{"class":80},[56,29064,9841],{"class":76},[56,29066,29067,29070,29072,29074,29076,29079],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29068,29069],{"class":65},"item ",[56,29071,1217],{"class":827},[56,29073,15101],{"class":65},[56,29075,156],{"class":76},[56,29077,29078],{"class":95},"popitem",[56,29080,9174],{"class":76},[56,29082,29083],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29084,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,29086,29087,29089,29091,29093],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,29088,373],{"class":72},[56,29090,77],{"class":76},[56,29092,1399],{"class":95},[56,29094,99],{"class":76},[56,29096,29097,29099,29101,29103],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,29098,373],{"class":72},[56,29100,77],{"class":76},[56,29102,9736],{"class":95},[56,29104,99],{"class":76},[20,29106,29107],{},[37,29108,239],{},[47,29110,29112],{"className":49,"code":29111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29113,29114,29130],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29115,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29117,77],{"class":76},[56,29119,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29121,1243],{"class":1020},[56,29123,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29125,306],{"class":76},[56,29127,419],{"class":80},[56,29129,99],{"class":76},[56,29131,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29133,9810],{"class":76},[56,29135,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29137,264],{"class":1020},[56,29139,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29141,1045],{"class":76},[56,29143,409],{"class":80},[56,29145,306],{"class":76},[56,29147,3839],{"class":1016},[56,29149,1234],{"class":1020},[56,29151,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29153,1045],{"class":76},[56,29155,414],{"class":80},[56,29157,9841],{"class":76},[20,29159,29160,29162],{},[15,29161,13303],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[42,29164,160,29166,163],{"id":29165},"what-popitem-does",[15,29167,13303],{},[20,29169,29170,1045],{},[15,29171,13303],{},[173,29173,29174,29177,29182,29185],{},[176,29175,29176],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[176,29178,29179,29180],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29181,22191],{},[176,29183,29184],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[176,29186,29187],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29189,29190],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[42,29192,2702],{"id":2701},[47,29194,29196],{"className":49,"code":29195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29197,29198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29199,29200,29202,29204,29206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29201,16139],{"class":65},[56,29203,156],{"class":76},[56,29205,29078],{"class":95},[56,29207,9174],{"class":76},[20,29209,11991],{},[173,29211,29212,29220,29223],{},[176,29213,29214,29216,29217],{},[15,29215,13303],{}," takes ",[37,29218,29219],{},"no arguments",[176,29221,29222],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[176,29224,29225],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29227,29228,29229,7162],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[264,29230,29231],{"href":13100},[15,29232,13296],{},[42,29234,29236],{"id":29235},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29238,29239,29240,29242],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29241,13303],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29244,29245,29246,29249],"ol",{},[176,29247,29248],{},"the key",[176,29250,29251],{},"the value",[20,29253,986],{},[47,29255,29257],{"className":49,"code":29256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29258,29259,29295,29309,29313],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29260,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289,29291,29293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29262,13738],{"class":65},[56,29264,1217],{"class":827},[56,29266,11023],{"class":76},[56,29268,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29270,8201],{"class":1020},[56,29272,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29274,1045],{"class":76},[56,29276,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29278,5543],{"class":1020},[56,29280,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29282,306],{"class":76},[56,29284,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29286,9831],{"class":1020},[56,29288,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29290,1045],{"class":76},[56,29292,9838],{"class":80},[56,29294,9841],{"class":76},[56,29296,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29298,2775],{"class":65},[56,29300,1217],{"class":827},[56,29302,13781],{"class":65},[56,29304,156],{"class":76},[56,29306,29078],{"class":95},[56,29308,9174],{"class":76},[56,29310,29311],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29312,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,29314,29315,29317,29319,29321],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,29316,373],{"class":72},[56,29318,77],{"class":76},[56,29320,2809],{"class":95},[56,29322,99],{"class":76},[20,29324,29325],{},[37,29326,239],{},[47,29328,29330],{"className":49,"code":29329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29331,29332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29333,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29335,77],{"class":76},[56,29337,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29339,9831],{"class":1020},[56,29341,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29343,306],{"class":76},[56,29345,9838],{"class":80},[56,29347,99],{"class":76},[20,29349,29350],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[47,29352,29354],{"className":49,"code":29353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29355,29356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29357,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29359,2775],{"class":65},[56,29361,1217],{"class":827},[56,29363,13781],{"class":65},[56,29365,156],{"class":76},[56,29367,29078],{"class":95},[56,29369,9174],{"class":76},[20,29371,29372],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[47,29374,29376],{"className":49,"code":29375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29377,29378],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29379,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29381,15376],{"class":65},[56,29383,306],{"class":76},[56,29385,22120],{"class":65},[56,29387,1217],{"class":827},[56,29389,13781],{"class":65},[56,29391,156],{"class":76},[56,29393,29078],{"class":95},[56,29395,9174],{"class":76},[42,29397,12008],{"id":12007},[20,29399,29400],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[47,29402,29404],{"className":49,"code":29403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29405,29406,29454,29458,29473,29477,29497],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29407,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29438,29440,29442,29445,29447,29449,29452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29409,5603],{"class":65},[56,29411,1217],{"class":827},[56,29413,11023],{"class":76},[56,29415,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29417,29418],{"class":1020},"Tom",[56,29420,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29422,1045],{"class":76},[56,29424,5615],{"class":80},[56,29426,306],{"class":76},[56,29428,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29430,13414],{"class":1020},[56,29432,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29434,1045],{"class":76},[56,29436,29437],{"class":80}," 95",[56,29439,306],{"class":76},[56,29441,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29443,29444],{"class":1020},"Leo",[56,29446,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29448,1045],{"class":76},[56,29450,29451],{"class":80}," 88",[56,29453,9841],{"class":76},[56,29455,29456],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29457,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,29459,29460,29463,29465,29467,29469,29471],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29461,29462],{"class":65},"removed_pair ",[56,29464,1217],{"class":827},[56,29466,5650],{"class":65},[56,29468,156],{"class":76},[56,29470,29078],{"class":95},[56,29472,9174],{"class":76},[56,29474,29475],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,29476,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,29478,29479,29481,29483,29485,29488,29490,29492,29495],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,29480,373],{"class":72},[56,29482,77],{"class":76},[56,29484,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29486,29487],{"class":1020},"Removed:",[56,29489,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29491,306],{"class":76},[56,29493,29494],{"class":95}," removed_pair",[56,29496,99],{"class":76},[56,29498,29499,29501,29503,29505,29508,29510,29512,29514],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,29500,373],{"class":72},[56,29502,77],{"class":76},[56,29504,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29506,29507],{"class":1020},"After removal:",[56,29509,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29511,306],{"class":76},[56,29513,5650],{"class":95},[56,29515,99],{"class":76},[20,29517,29518],{},[37,29519,239],{},[47,29521,29523],{"className":49,"code":29522,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29524,29525,29546],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29526,29527,29530,29532,29534,29536,29538,29540,29542,29544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29528,29529],{"class":65},"Removed",[56,29531,1045],{"class":76},[56,29533,9768],{"class":76},[56,29535,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29537,29444],{"class":1020},[56,29539,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29541,306],{"class":76},[56,29543,29451],{"class":80},[56,29545,99],{"class":76},[56,29547,29548,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29549,29550],{"class":65},"After removal",[56,29552,1045],{"class":76},[56,29554,11023],{"class":76},[56,29556,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29558,29418],{"class":1020},[56,29560,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29562,1045],{"class":76},[56,29564,5615],{"class":80},[56,29566,306],{"class":76},[56,29568,3839],{"class":1016},[56,29570,13414],{"class":1020},[56,29572,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29574,1045],{"class":76},[56,29576,29437],{"class":80},[56,29578,9841],{"class":76},[20,29580,29581,29582,29585],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29583,29584],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[42,29587,29589],{"id":29588},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29591,29592,29593,29595],{},"Because ",[15,29594,13303],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[47,29597,29599],{"className":49,"code":29598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29600,29601,29637,29641,29660,29664,29683,29702],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29602,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29604,15982],{"class":65},[56,29606,1217],{"class":827},[56,29608,11023],{"class":76},[56,29610,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29612,15993],{"class":1020},[56,29614,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29616,1045],{"class":76},[56,29618,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29620,16002],{"class":1020},[56,29622,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29624,306],{"class":76},[56,29626,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29628,16013],{"class":1020},[56,29630,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29632,1045],{"class":76},[56,29634,27437],{"class":80},[56,29636,9841],{"class":76},[56,29638,29639],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29640,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,29642,29643,29645,29647,29649,29651,29654,29656,29658],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29644,15376],{"class":65},[56,29646,306],{"class":76},[56,29648,22120],{"class":65},[56,29650,1217],{"class":827},[56,29652,29653],{"class":65}," book",[56,29655,156],{"class":76},[56,29657,29078],{"class":95},[56,29659,9174],{"class":76},[56,29661,29662],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,29663,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,29665,29666,29668,29670,29672,29675,29677,29679,29681],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,29667,373],{"class":72},[56,29669,77],{"class":76},[56,29671,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29673,29674],{"class":1020},"Key:",[56,29676,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29678,306],{"class":76},[56,29680,22115],{"class":95},[56,29682,99],{"class":76},[56,29684,29685,29687,29689,29691,29694,29696,29698,29700],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,29686,373],{"class":72},[56,29688,77],{"class":76},[56,29690,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29692,29693],{"class":1020},"Value:",[56,29695,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29697,306],{"class":76},[56,29699,8963],{"class":95},[56,29701,99],{"class":76},[56,29703,29704,29706,29708,29710,29713,29715,29717,29719],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,29705,373],{"class":72},[56,29707,77],{"class":76},[56,29709,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29711,29712],{"class":1020},"Dictionary:",[56,29714,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29716,306],{"class":76},[56,29718,29653],{"class":95},[56,29720,99],{"class":76},[20,29722,29723],{},[37,29724,239],{},[47,29726,29728],{"className":49,"code":29727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29729,29730,29740,29750],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29731,29732,29735,29737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29733,29734],{"class":65},"Key",[56,29736,1045],{"class":76},[56,29738,29739],{"class":65}," pages\n",[56,29741,29742,29745,29747],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29743,29744],{"class":65},"Value",[56,29746,1045],{"class":76},[56,29748,29749],{"class":80}," 200\n",[56,29751,29752,29755,29757,29759,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769,29771,29773],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29753,29754],{"class":65},"Dictionary",[56,29756,1045],{"class":76},[56,29758,11023],{"class":76},[56,29760,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29762,15993],{"class":1020},[56,29764,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29766,1045],{"class":76},[56,29768,3839],{"class":1016},[56,29770,16002],{"class":1020},[56,29772,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29774,9841],{"class":76},[20,29776,29777],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[42,29779,29781],{"id":29780},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29783,29784,29785,29009,29787,156],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29786,13303],{},[37,29788,29012],{},[20,29790,986],{},[47,29792,29794],{"className":49,"code":29793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29795,29796,29840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29797,29798,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808,29810,29812,29814,29816,29818,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29799,9697],{"class":65},[56,29801,1217],{"class":827},[56,29803,11023],{"class":76},[56,29805,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29807,2719],{"class":1020},[56,29809,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29811,1045],{"class":76},[56,29813,409],{"class":80},[56,29815,306],{"class":76},[56,29817,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29819,12279],{"class":1020},[56,29821,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29823,1045],{"class":76},[56,29825,414],{"class":80},[56,29827,306],{"class":76},[56,29829,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29831,22613],{"class":1020},[56,29833,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29835,1045],{"class":76},[56,29837,419],{"class":80},[56,29839,9841],{"class":76},[56,29841,29842,29844,29846,29848,29850,29852],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,29843,373],{"class":72},[56,29845,77],{"class":76},[56,29847,9736],{"class":95},[56,29849,156],{"class":76},[56,29851,29078],{"class":95},[56,29853,7726],{"class":76},[20,29855,29856],{},[37,29857,239],{},[47,29859,29861],{"className":49,"code":29860,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29862,29863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29864,29865,29867,29869,29871,29873,29875,29877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29866,77],{"class":76},[56,29868,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29870,22613],{"class":1020},[56,29872,3844],{"class":1016},[56,29874,306],{"class":76},[56,29876,419],{"class":80},[56,29878,99],{"class":76},[20,29880,29881],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29883,29884,29885,29887,29888,29890],{},"As a beginner, do ",[37,29886,5170],{}," think of ",[15,29889,13303],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29892,29893,29894,2735,29898,17607,29902,156],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[264,29895,29896],{"href":17610},[15,29897,17613],{},[264,29899,29900],{"href":17597},[15,29901,17600],{},[264,29903,29904],{"href":17603},[15,29905,17606],{},[42,29907,29909,29910,4935,29912],{"id":29908},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29911,13303],{},[15,29913,13296],{},[20,29915,29916,4935,29918,29920],{},[15,29917,13303],{},[15,29919,13296],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[353,29922,29923],{"id":29078},[15,29924,13303],{},[173,29926,29927,29930,29933],{},[176,29928,29929],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[176,29931,29932],{},"does not need a key argument",[176,29934,4232,29935],{},[15,29936,22191],{},[353,29938,29939],{"id":26771},[15,29940,13296],{},[173,29942,29943,29946,29949],{},[176,29944,29945],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[176,29947,29948],{},"needs the key name",[176,29950,29951],{},"returns only the value",[20,29953,986],{},[47,29955,29957],{"className":49,"code":29956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29958,29959,30003,30007,30021,30040,30044,30066,30085,30089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29960,29961,29963,29965,29967,29969,29971,29973,29975,29977,29979,29981,29983,29985,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995,29997,29999,30001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29962,9697],{"class":65},[56,29964,1217],{"class":827},[56,29966,11023],{"class":76},[56,29968,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29970,264],{"class":1020},[56,29972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29974,1045],{"class":76},[56,29976,409],{"class":80},[56,29978,306],{"class":76},[56,29980,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29982,1234],{"class":1020},[56,29984,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29986,1045],{"class":76},[56,29988,414],{"class":80},[56,29990,306],{"class":76},[56,29992,1231],{"class":1016},[56,29994,1243],{"class":1020},[56,29996,1017],{"class":1016},[56,29998,1045],{"class":76},[56,30000,419],{"class":80},[56,30002,9841],{"class":76},[56,30004,30005],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30006,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,30008,30009,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30010,29069],{"class":65},[56,30012,1217],{"class":827},[56,30014,15101],{"class":65},[56,30016,156],{"class":76},[56,30018,29078],{"class":95},[56,30020,9174],{"class":76},[56,30022,30023,30025,30027,30029,30032,30034,30036,30038],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,30024,373],{"class":72},[56,30026,77],{"class":76},[56,30028,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30030,30031],{"class":1020},"popitem():",[56,30033,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30035,306],{"class":76},[56,30037,1488],{"class":95},[56,30039,99],{"class":76},[56,30041,30042],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,30043,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,30045,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,30047,2992],{"class":65},[56,30049,1217],{"class":827},[56,30051,15101],{"class":65},[56,30053,156],{"class":76},[56,30055,26771],{"class":95},[56,30057,77],{"class":76},[56,30059,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30061,264],{"class":1020},[56,30063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30065,99],{"class":76},[56,30067,30068,30070,30072,30074,30077,30079,30081,30083],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,30069,373],{"class":72},[56,30071,77],{"class":76},[56,30073,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30075,30076],{"class":1020},"pop('a'):",[56,30078,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30080,306],{"class":76},[56,30082,8963],{"class":95},[56,30084,99],{"class":76},[56,30086,30087],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,30088,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,30090,30091,30093,30095,30097],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,30092,373],{"class":72},[56,30094,77],{"class":76},[56,30096,9736],{"class":95},[56,30098,99],{"class":76},[20,30100,30101],{},[37,30102,239],{},[47,30104,30106],{"className":49,"code":30105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30107,30108,30129,30145],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30109,30110,30112,30115,30117,30119,30121,30123,30125,30127],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30111,29078],{"class":95},[56,30113,30114],{"class":76},"():",[56,30116,9768],{"class":76},[56,30118,3844],{"class":1016},[56,30120,1243],{"class":1020},[56,30122,3844],{"class":1016},[56,30124,306],{"class":76},[56,30126,419],{"class":80},[56,30128,99],{"class":76},[56,30130,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30132,26771],{"class":95},[56,30134,77],{"class":76},[56,30136,3844],{"class":1016},[56,30138,264],{"class":1020},[56,30140,3844],{"class":1016},[56,30142,16987],{"class":76},[56,30144,1057],{"class":80},[56,30146,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30148,9810],{"class":76},[56,30150,3844],{"class":1016},[56,30152,1234],{"class":1020},[56,30154,3844],{"class":1016},[56,30156,1045],{"class":76},[56,30158,414],{"class":80},[56,30160,9841],{"class":76},[20,30162,2638,30163,30167],{},[264,30164,30165],{"href":13100},[15,30166,13296],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30169,2638,30170,30172],{},[15,30171,13303],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[42,30174,30176],{"id":30175},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30178,30179,30180,30182],{},"Calling ",[15,30181,13303],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[47,30184,30186],{"className":49,"code":30185,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30187,30188,30196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30189,30190,30192,30194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30191,9697],{"class":65},[56,30193,1217],{"class":827},[56,30195,10370],{"class":76},[56,30197,30198,30200,30202,30204],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30199,9736],{"class":65},[56,30201,156],{"class":76},[56,30203,29078],{"class":95},[56,30205,9174],{"class":76},[20,30207,30208],{},[37,30209,30210],{},"Error:",[47,30212,30214],{"className":49,"code":30213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30215,30216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30217,30218,30220,30222,30224,30227],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30219,20222],{"class":378},[56,30221,1045],{"class":76},[56,30223,3839],{"class":1016},[56,30225,30226],{"class":1020},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[56,30228,30229],{"class":1016},"'\n",[353,30231,30233],{"id":30232},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[47,30235,30237],{"className":49,"code":30236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30238,30239,30247,30251,30259,30274,30284,30290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30240,30241,30243,30245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30242,9697],{"class":65},[56,30244,1217],{"class":827},[56,30246,10370],{"class":76},[56,30248,30249],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30250,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,30252,30253,30255,30257],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30254,7529],{"class":62},[56,30256,15101],{"class":65},[56,30258,1390],{"class":76},[56,30260,30261,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,30262,30263],{"class":65},"    item ",[56,30265,1217],{"class":827},[56,30267,15101],{"class":65},[56,30269,156],{"class":76},[56,30271,29078],{"class":95},[56,30273,9174],{"class":76},[56,30275,30276,30278,30280,30282],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,30277,90],{"class":72},[56,30279,77],{"class":76},[56,30281,1399],{"class":95},[56,30283,99],{"class":76},[56,30285,30286,30288],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,30287,27964],{"class":62},[56,30289,1390],{"class":76},[56,30291,30292,30294,30296,30298,30301,30303],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,30293,90],{"class":72},[56,30295,77],{"class":76},[56,30297,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30299,30300],{"class":1020},"Dictionary is empty",[56,30302,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30304,99],{"class":76},[353,30306,30308,30309],{"id":30307},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30310,30311],{},"try-except",[47,30313,30315],{"className":49,"code":30314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30316,30317,30325,30329,30336,30350,30360,30370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30318,30319,30321,30323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30320,9697],{"class":65},[56,30322,1217],{"class":827},[56,30324,10370],{"class":76},[56,30326,30327],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30328,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,30330,30331,30334],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30332,30333],{"class":62},"try",[56,30335,1390],{"class":76},[56,30337,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,30339,30263],{"class":65},[56,30341,1217],{"class":827},[56,30343,15101],{"class":65},[56,30345,156],{"class":76},[56,30347,29078],{"class":95},[56,30349,9174],{"class":76},[56,30351,30352,30354,30356,30358],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,30353,90],{"class":72},[56,30355,77],{"class":76},[56,30357,1399],{"class":95},[56,30359,99],{"class":76},[56,30361,30362,30365,30368],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,30363,30364],{"class":62},"except",[56,30366,30367],{"class":378}," KeyError",[56,30369,1390],{"class":76},[56,30371,30372,30374,30376,30378,30381,30383],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,30373,90],{"class":72},[56,30375,77],{"class":76},[56,30377,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30379,30380],{"class":1020},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[56,30382,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30384,99],{"class":76},[20,30386,30387,30388,156],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[264,30389,26212,30391],{"href":30390},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30392,30393],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[42,30395,5500,30397],{"id":30396},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30398,13303],{},[20,30400,30401,30403],{},[15,30402,13303],{}," is useful when:",[173,30405,30406,30409,30412],{},[176,30407,30408],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[176,30410,30411],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[176,30413,30414],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30416,30417],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[47,30419,30421],{"className":49,"code":30420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30422,30423,30432,30452,30472,30490,30494,30498,30508,30527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30424,30425,30428,30430],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30426,30427],{"class":65},"tasks ",[56,30429,1217],{"class":827},[56,30431,12026],{"class":76},[56,30433,30434,30436,30439,30441,30443,30445,30448,30450],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30435,12031],{"class":1016},[56,30437,30438],{"class":1020},"first",[56,30440,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30442,1045],{"class":76},[56,30444,1231],{"class":1016},[56,30446,30447],{"class":1020},"wash dishes",[56,30449,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30451,12047],{"class":76},[56,30453,30454,30456,30459,30461,30463,30465,30468,30470],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30455,12031],{"class":1016},[56,30457,30458],{"class":1020},"second",[56,30460,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30462,1045],{"class":76},[56,30464,1231],{"class":1016},[56,30466,30467],{"class":1020},"do homework",[56,30469,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30471,12047],{"class":76},[56,30473,30474,30476,30479,30481,30483,30485,30488],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,30475,12031],{"class":1016},[56,30477,30478],{"class":1020},"third",[56,30480,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30482,1045],{"class":76},[56,30484,1231],{"class":1016},[56,30486,30487],{"class":1020},"read book",[56,30489,3903],{"class":1016},[56,30491,30492],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,30493,9841],{"class":76},[56,30495,30496],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,30497,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,30499,30500,30503,30506],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,30501,30502],{"class":62},"while",[56,30504,30505],{"class":65}," tasks",[56,30507,1390],{"class":76},[56,30509,30510,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,30511,30512],{"class":65},"    key",[56,30514,306],{"class":76},[56,30516,22120],{"class":65},[56,30518,1217],{"class":827},[56,30520,30505],{"class":65},[56,30522,156],{"class":76},[56,30524,29078],{"class":95},[56,30526,9174],{"class":76},[56,30528,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,30530,90],{"class":72},[56,30532,77],{"class":76},[56,30534,22830],{"class":2610},[56,30536,1017],{"class":1020},[56,30538,9810],{"class":80},[56,30540,15376],{"class":95},[56,30542,22839],{"class":80},[56,30544,22842],{"class":1020},[56,30546,9810],{"class":80},[56,30548,3017],{"class":95},[56,30550,22839],{"class":80},[56,30552,1017],{"class":1020},[56,30554,99],{"class":76},[20,30556,30557],{},[37,30558,30559],{},"Possible output:",[47,30561,30563],{"className":49,"code":30562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30564,30565,30574,30583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30566,30567,30569,30571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30568,30478],{"class":65},[56,30570,1045],{"class":76},[56,30572,30573],{"class":65}," read book\n",[56,30575,30576,30578,30580],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30577,30458],{"class":65},[56,30579,1045],{"class":76},[56,30581,30582],{"class":65}," do homework\n",[56,30584,30585,30587,30589],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30586,30438],{"class":65},[56,30588,1045],{"class":76},[56,30590,30591],{"class":65}," wash dishes\n",[20,30593,29592,30594,30596],{},[15,30595,13303],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[42,30598,3374],{"id":3373},[20,30600,15268,30601,1045],{},[15,30602,13303],{},[173,30604,30605,30619,30638,30649],{},[176,30606,30607,30612],{},[37,30608,30179,30609,30611],{},[15,30610,13303],{}," on an empty dictionary",[173,30613,30614],{},[176,30615,30616,30617,156],{},"This raises ",[15,30618,20222],{},[176,30620,30621,30626],{},[37,30622,8983,30623,30625],{},[15,30624,13303],{}," to remove a specific key",[173,30627,30628,30631],{},[176,30629,30630],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[176,30632,2638,30633,30637],{},[264,30634,30635],{"href":13100},[15,30636,13296],{}," if you need that.",[176,30639,30640,30644],{},[37,30641,2103,30642,28230],{},[15,30643,13303],{},[173,30645,30646],{},[176,30647,30648],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[176,30650,30651,30654],{},[37,30652,30653],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[173,30655,30656],{},[176,30657,30658,22511,30660,30662],{},[15,30659,13303],{},[15,30661,22191],{}," tuple.",[20,30664,30665],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[47,30667,30669],{"className":49,"code":30668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30670,30671,30681,30695,30699,30713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30672,30673,30675,30677,30679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30674,373],{"class":72},[56,30676,77],{"class":76},[56,30678,11982],{"class":95},[56,30680,99],{"class":76},[56,30682,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30684,373],{"class":72},[56,30686,77],{"class":76},[56,30688,1266],{"class":72},[56,30690,77],{"class":76},[56,30692,11982],{"class":95},[56,30694,1635],{"class":76},[56,30696,30697],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30698,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,30700,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,30702,29069],{"class":65},[56,30704,1217],{"class":827},[56,30706,12300],{"class":65},[56,30708,156],{"class":76},[56,30710,29078],{"class":95},[56,30712,9174],{"class":76},[56,30714,30715,30717,30719,30721],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,30716,373],{"class":72},[56,30718,77],{"class":76},[56,30720,1399],{"class":95},[56,30722,99],{"class":76},[20,30724,30725],{},"Or with unpacking:",[47,30727,30729],{"className":49,"code":30728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30730,30731,30749,30759],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30732,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30734,15376],{"class":65},[56,30736,306],{"class":76},[56,30738,22120],{"class":65},[56,30740,1217],{"class":827},[56,30742,12300],{"class":65},[56,30744,156],{"class":76},[56,30746,29078],{"class":95},[56,30748,9174],{"class":76},[56,30750,30751,30753,30755,30757],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30752,373],{"class":72},[56,30754,77],{"class":76},[56,30756,15376],{"class":95},[56,30758,99],{"class":76},[56,30760,30761,30763,30765,30767],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30762,373],{"class":72},[56,30764,77],{"class":76},[56,30766,3017],{"class":95},[56,30768,99],{"class":76},[42,30770,2343],{"id":2342},[353,30772,5682,30774,5685],{"id":30773},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30775,13303],{},[20,30777,30778,30779,156],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30780,30781],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[353,30783,2347,30785,30787],{"id":30784},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30786,13303],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30789,30790],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[353,30792,30794,30795,30797],{"id":30793},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30796,13303],{}," removes?",[20,30799,30800,30801,30805],{},"No. Use ",[264,30802,30803],{"href":13100},[15,30804,13296],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[353,30807,2347,30809,15431],{"id":30808},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30810,13303],{},[20,30812,30813],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[353,30815,30817,30818,30820],{"id":30816},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30819,13303],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30822,30823,30824,30826,30827,156],{},"It raises ",[15,30825,20222],{}," with the message ",[15,30828,30226],{},[42,30830,2417],{"id":2416},[173,30832,30833,30840,30846,30852,30858,30865,30869,30873],{},[176,30834,30835],{},[264,30836,30837,30839],{"href":13100},[15,30838,13296],{}," method for dictionaries",[176,30841,30842],{},[264,30843,30844,30839],{"href":17610},[15,30845,17613],{},[176,30847,30848],{},[264,30849,30850,30839],{"href":17597},[15,30851,17600],{},[176,30853,30854],{},[264,30855,30856,30839],{"href":17603},[15,30857,17606],{},[176,30859,30860],{},[264,30861,30863,30839],{"href":30862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30864,11853],{},[176,30866,30867],{},[264,30868,13320],{"href":13107},[176,30870,30871],{},[264,30872,21993],{"href":17132},[176,30874,30875],{},[264,30876,30877,30878],{"href":30390},"Fix ",[15,30879,30393],{},[2451,30881,30882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":30884},[30885,30886,30888,30889,30890,30891,30892,30893,30898,30903,30905,30906,30918],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":29165,"depth":87,"text":30887},"What popitem() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":29235,"depth":87,"text":29236},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":29588,"depth":87,"text":29589},{"id":29780,"depth":87,"text":29781},{"id":29908,"depth":87,"text":30894,"children":30895},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30896,30897],{"id":29078,"depth":102,"text":13303},{"id":26771,"depth":102,"text":13296},{"id":30175,"depth":87,"text":30176,"children":30899},[30900,30901],{"id":30232,"depth":102,"text":30233},{"id":30307,"depth":102,"text":30902},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30396,"depth":87,"text":30904},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":30907},[30908,30910,30912,30914,30916],{"id":30773,"depth":102,"text":30909},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30784,"depth":102,"text":30911},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30793,"depth":102,"text":30913},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30808,"depth":102,"text":30915},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30816,"depth":102,"text":30917},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28904,"description":30919},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30926,"title":30927,"body":30928,"description":32831,"extension":2509,"meta":32832,"navigation":105,"path":14567,"seo":32833,"stem":32834,"__hash__":32835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30929,"toc":32803},[30930,30935,30940,30943,30945,31042,31047,31052,31057,31060,31068,31071,31086,31088,31188,31190,31247,31251,31253,31256,31276,31281,31292,31295,31322,31325,31327,31384,31386,31407,31413,31418,31421,31432,31434,31542,31544,31597,31599,31611,31618,31624,31629,31632,31720,31722,31767,31770,31778,31781,31784,31853,31856,31859,31863,31866,31937,31939,31992,31995,31998,32001,32016,32019,32031,32034,32097,32099,32105,32107,32109,32188,32190,32231,32233,32298,32300,32337,32342,32347,32351,32365,32368,32491,32493,32578,32583,32585,32589,32611,32614,32694,32697,32716,32721,32723,32729,32734,32740,32743,32749,32752,32758,32763,32769,32775,32777,32800],[10,30931,11850,30933,11854],{"id":30932},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30934,15488],{},[20,30936,2526,30937,30939],{},[15,30938,15488],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30941,30942],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[42,30944,45],{"id":44},[47,30946,30948],{"className":49,"code":30947,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30949,30950,30986,31027,31037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30951,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30953,13738],{"class":65},[56,30955,1217],{"class":827},[56,30957,11023],{"class":76},[56,30959,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30961,8201],{"class":1020},[56,30963,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30965,1045],{"class":76},[56,30967,1231],{"class":1016},[56,30969,13414],{"class":1020},[56,30971,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30973,306],{"class":76},[56,30975,1231],{"class":1016},[56,30977,9831],{"class":1020},[56,30979,1017],{"class":1016},[56,30981,1045],{"class":76},[56,30983,8323],{"class":80},[56,30985,9841],{"class":76},[56,30987,30988,30990,30992,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,30989,17842],{"class":65},[56,30991,156],{"class":76},[56,30993,30994],{"class":95},"update",[56,30996,6068],{"class":76},[56,30998,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31000,9831],{"class":1020},[56,31002,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31004,1045],{"class":76},[56,31006,31007],{"class":80}," 21",[56,31009,306],{"class":76},[56,31011,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31013,10941],{"class":1020},[56,31015,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31017,1045],{"class":76},[56,31019,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31021,16566],{"class":1020},[56,31023,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31025,31026],{"class":76},"})\n",[56,31028,31029,31031,31033,31035],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31030,373],{"class":72},[56,31032,77],{"class":76},[56,31034,17842],{"class":95},[56,31036,99],{"class":76},[56,31038,31039],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,31040,31041],{"class":112},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31043,2638,31044,31046],{},[15,31045,15488],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[42,31048,160,31050,163],{"id":31049},"what-update-does",[15,31051,15488],{},[20,31053,31054,31056],{},[15,31055,15488],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31058,31059],{},"It can do two main things:",[173,31061,31062,31065],{},[176,31063,31064],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[176,31066,31067],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31069,31070],{},"Important things to know:",[173,31072,31073,31076,31079,31083],{},[176,31074,31075],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[176,31077,31078],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[176,31080,5688,31081],{},[15,31082,4319],{},[176,31084,31085],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31087,986],{},[47,31089,31091],{"className":49,"code":31090,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31092,31093,31135,31178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31094,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31114,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31131,31133],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31096,13397],{"class":65},[56,31098,1217],{"class":827},[56,31100,11023],{"class":76},[56,31102,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31104,8201],{"class":1020},[56,31106,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31108,1045],{"class":76},[56,31110,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31112,31113],{"class":1020},"Mira",[56,31115,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31117,306],{"class":76},[56,31119,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31121,20426],{"class":1020},[56,31123,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31125,1045],{"class":76},[56,31127,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31129,31130],{"class":1020},"B",[56,31132,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31134,9841],{"class":76},[56,31136,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31174,31176],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,31138,14160],{"class":65},[56,31140,156],{"class":76},[56,31142,30994],{"class":95},[56,31144,6068],{"class":76},[56,31146,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31148,20426],{"class":1020},[56,31150,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31152,1045],{"class":76},[56,31154,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31156,22781],{"class":1020},[56,31158,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31160,306],{"class":76},[56,31162,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31164,10941],{"class":1020},[56,31166,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31168,1045],{"class":76},[56,31170,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31172,31173],{"class":1020},"Quito",[56,31175,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31177,31026],{"class":76},[56,31179,31180,31182,31184,31186],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31181,373],{"class":72},[56,31183,77],{"class":76},[56,31185,14160],{"class":95},[56,31187,99],{"class":76},[20,31189,239],{},[47,31191,31193],{"className":49,"code":31192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31194,31195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31196,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31198,9810],{"class":76},[56,31200,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31202,8201],{"class":1020},[56,31204,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31206,1045],{"class":76},[56,31208,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31210,31113],{"class":1020},[56,31212,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31214,306],{"class":76},[56,31216,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31218,20426],{"class":1020},[56,31220,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31222,1045],{"class":76},[56,31224,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31226,22781],{"class":1020},[56,31228,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31230,306],{"class":76},[56,31232,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31234,10941],{"class":1020},[56,31236,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31238,1045],{"class":76},[56,31240,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31242,31173],{"class":1020},[56,31244,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31246,9841],{"class":76},[20,31248,9683,31249,156],{},[264,31250,25162],{"href":9923},[42,31252,2702],{"id":2701},[20,31254,31255],{},"The basic form is:",[47,31257,31259],{"className":49,"code":31258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31260,31261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31262,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31264,16139],{"class":65},[56,31266,156],{"class":76},[56,31268,30994],{"class":95},[56,31270,77],{"class":76},[56,31272,31273],{"class":95},"other",[56,31275,99],{"class":76},[20,31277,31278,31280],{},[15,31279,31273],{}," can be:",[173,31282,31283,31286,31289],{},[176,31284,31285],{},"Another dictionary",[176,31287,31288],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[176,31290,31291],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31293,31294],{},"You can also use:",[47,31296,31298],{"className":49,"code":31297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31299,31300],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31301,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31303,16139],{"class":65},[56,31305,156],{"class":76},[56,31307,30994],{"class":95},[56,31309,77],{"class":76},[56,31311,8201],{"class":9707},[56,31313,1217],{"class":827},[56,31315,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31317,8210],{"class":1020},[56,31319,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31321,99],{"class":76},[20,31323,31324],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31326,986],{},[47,31328,31330],{"className":49,"code":31329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31331,31332,31352,31374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31333,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31335,9697],{"class":65},[56,31337,1217],{"class":827},[56,31339,11023],{"class":76},[56,31341,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31343,264],{"class":1020},[56,31345,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31347,1045],{"class":76},[56,31349,409],{"class":80},[56,31351,9841],{"class":76},[56,31353,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,31355,9736],{"class":65},[56,31357,156],{"class":76},[56,31359,30994],{"class":95},[56,31361,6068],{"class":76},[56,31363,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31365,264],{"class":1020},[56,31367,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31369,1045],{"class":76},[56,31371,534],{"class":80},[56,31373,31026],{"class":76},[56,31375,31376,31378,31380,31382],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31377,373],{"class":72},[56,31379,77],{"class":76},[56,31381,9736],{"class":95},[56,31383,99],{"class":76},[20,31385,239],{},[47,31387,31389],{"className":49,"code":31388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31390,31391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31392,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31394,9810],{"class":76},[56,31396,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31398,264],{"class":1020},[56,31400,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31402,1045],{"class":76},[56,31404,534],{"class":80},[56,31406,9841],{"class":76},[42,31408,958,31410,31412],{"id":31409},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31411,15488],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31414,31415,31416,156],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31417,15488],{},[20,31419,31420],{},"It is useful when:",[173,31422,31423,31426,31429],{},[176,31424,31425],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[176,31427,31428],{},"Adding extra settings",[176,31430,31431],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31433,986],{},[47,31435,31437],{"className":49,"code":31436,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31438,31439,31476,31513,31517,31532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31440,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31442,14360],{"class":65},[56,31444,1217],{"class":827},[56,31446,11023],{"class":76},[56,31448,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31450,13028],{"class":1020},[56,31452,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31454,1045],{"class":76},[56,31456,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31458,21463],{"class":1020},[56,31460,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31462,306],{"class":76},[56,31464,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31466,14385],{"class":1020},[56,31468,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31470,1045],{"class":76},[56,31472,31473],{"class":80}," 12",[56,31475,9841],{"class":76},[56,31477,31478,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,31479,31480],{"class":65},"new_settings ",[56,31482,1217],{"class":827},[56,31484,11023],{"class":76},[56,31486,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31488,14385],{"class":1020},[56,31490,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31492,1045],{"class":76},[56,31494,14392],{"class":80},[56,31496,306],{"class":76},[56,31498,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31500,20658],{"class":1020},[56,31502,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31504,1045],{"class":76},[56,31506,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31508,20692],{"class":1020},[56,31510,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31512,9841],{"class":76},[56,31514,31515],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31516,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,31518,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31530],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,31520,14419],{"class":65},[56,31522,156],{"class":76},[56,31524,30994],{"class":95},[56,31526,77],{"class":76},[56,31528,31529],{"class":95},"new_settings",[56,31531,99],{"class":76},[56,31533,31534,31536,31538,31540],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,31535,373],{"class":72},[56,31537,77],{"class":76},[56,31539,14419],{"class":95},[56,31541,99],{"class":76},[20,31543,239],{},[47,31545,31547],{"className":49,"code":31546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31548,31549],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31550,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31552,9810],{"class":76},[56,31554,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31556,13028],{"class":1020},[56,31558,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31560,1045],{"class":76},[56,31562,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31564,21463],{"class":1020},[56,31566,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31568,306],{"class":76},[56,31570,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31572,14385],{"class":1020},[56,31574,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31576,1045],{"class":76},[56,31578,14392],{"class":80},[56,31580,306],{"class":76},[56,31582,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31584,20658],{"class":1020},[56,31586,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31588,1045],{"class":76},[56,31590,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31592,20692],{"class":1020},[56,31594,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31596,9841],{"class":76},[20,31598,13943],{},[173,31600,31601,31606],{},[176,31602,31603,31605],{},[15,31604,14385],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[176,31607,31608,31610],{},[15,31609,20658],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31612,31613,31614,156],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[264,31615,31617],{"href":31616},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[42,31619,958,31621,31623],{"id":31620},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31622,15488],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31625,31626,31628],{},[15,31627,15488],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31630,31631],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[47,31633,31635],{"className":49,"code":31634,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31636,31637,31657,31692,31696,31710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31638,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31640,5603],{"class":65},[56,31642,1217],{"class":827},[56,31644,11023],{"class":76},[56,31646,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31648,18952],{"class":1020},[56,31650,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31652,1045],{"class":76},[56,31654,20433],{"class":80},[56,31656,9841],{"class":76},[56,31658,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31684,31686,31688,31690],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,31660,9747],{"class":65},[56,31662,1217],{"class":827},[56,31664,9752],{"class":76},[56,31666,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31668,18961],{"class":1020},[56,31670,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31672,306],{"class":76},[56,31674,14041],{"class":80},[56,31676,9765],{"class":76},[56,31678,9768],{"class":76},[56,31680,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31682,31683],{"class":1020},"english",[56,31685,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31687,306],{"class":76},[56,31689,29451],{"class":80},[56,31691,9781],{"class":76},[56,31693,31694],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31695,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,31697,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,31699,16924],{"class":65},[56,31701,156],{"class":76},[56,31703,30994],{"class":95},[56,31705,77],{"class":76},[56,31707,9794],{"class":95},[56,31709,99],{"class":76},[56,31711,31712,31714,31716,31718],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,31713,373],{"class":72},[56,31715,77],{"class":76},[56,31717,16924],{"class":95},[56,31719,99],{"class":76},[20,31721,239],{},[47,31723,31725],{"className":49,"code":31724,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31726,31727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31728,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31730,9810],{"class":76},[56,31732,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31734,18952],{"class":1020},[56,31736,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31738,1045],{"class":76},[56,31740,20433],{"class":80},[56,31742,306],{"class":76},[56,31744,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31746,18961],{"class":1020},[56,31748,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31750,1045],{"class":76},[56,31752,14041],{"class":80},[56,31754,306],{"class":76},[56,31756,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31758,31683],{"class":1020},[56,31760,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31762,1045],{"class":76},[56,31764,29451],{"class":80},[56,31766,9841],{"class":76},[20,31768,31769],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[173,31771,31772,31775],{},[176,31773,31774],{},"The key",[176,31776,31777],{},"The value",[20,31779,31780],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31782,31783],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[47,31785,31787],{"className":49,"code":31786,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31788,31789,31809,31834,31838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31790,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31792,9697],{"class":65},[56,31794,1217],{"class":827},[56,31796,11023],{"class":76},[56,31798,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31800,264],{"class":1020},[56,31802,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31804,1045],{"class":76},[56,31806,409],{"class":80},[56,31808,9841],{"class":76},[56,31810,31811,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,31812,31813],{"class":65},"bad_pairs ",[56,31815,1217],{"class":827},[56,31817,9752],{"class":76},[56,31819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31821,1234],{"class":1020},[56,31823,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31825,306],{"class":76},[56,31827,414],{"class":80},[56,31829,306],{"class":76},[56,31831,419],{"class":80},[56,31833,9781],{"class":76},[56,31835,31836],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31837,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,31839,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31851],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,31841,9736],{"class":65},[56,31843,156],{"class":76},[56,31845,30994],{"class":95},[56,31847,77],{"class":76},[56,31849,31850],{"class":95},"bad_pairs",[56,31852,99],{"class":76},[20,31854,31855],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31857,31858],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[42,31860,31862],{"id":31861},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31864,31865],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[47,31867,31869],{"className":49,"code":31868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31870,31871,31895,31927],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31872,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31874,12021],{"class":65},[56,31876,1217],{"class":827},[56,31878,11023],{"class":76},[56,31880,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31882,8201],{"class":1020},[56,31884,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31886,1045],{"class":76},[56,31888,1231],{"class":1016},[56,31890,29444],{"class":1020},[56,31892,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31894,9841],{"class":76},[56,31896,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31916,31918,31920,31923,31925],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,31898,12115],{"class":65},[56,31900,156],{"class":76},[56,31902,30994],{"class":95},[56,31904,77],{"class":76},[56,31906,9831],{"class":9707},[56,31908,1217],{"class":827},[56,31910,9725],{"class":80},[56,31912,306],{"class":76},[56,31914,31915],{"class":9707}," city",[56,31917,1217],{"class":827},[56,31919,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31921,31922],{"class":1020},"Madrid",[56,31924,1017],{"class":1016},[56,31926,99],{"class":76},[56,31928,31929,31931,31933,31935],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31930,373],{"class":72},[56,31932,77],{"class":76},[56,31934,12115],{"class":95},[56,31936,99],{"class":76},[20,31938,239],{},[47,31940,31942],{"className":49,"code":31941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31943,31944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31945,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31947,9810],{"class":76},[56,31949,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31951,8201],{"class":1020},[56,31953,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31955,1045],{"class":76},[56,31957,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31959,29444],{"class":1020},[56,31961,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31963,306],{"class":76},[56,31965,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31967,9831],{"class":1020},[56,31969,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31971,1045],{"class":76},[56,31973,9838],{"class":80},[56,31975,306],{"class":76},[56,31977,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31979,10941],{"class":1020},[56,31981,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31983,1045],{"class":76},[56,31985,3839],{"class":1016},[56,31987,31922],{"class":1020},[56,31989,3844],{"class":1016},[56,31991,9841],{"class":76},[20,31993,31994],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31996,31997],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31999,32000],{},"These work:",[173,32002,32003,32007,32011],{},[176,32004,32005],{},[15,32006,9831],{},[176,32008,32009],{},[15,32010,10941],{},[176,32012,32013],{},[15,32014,32015],{},"first_name",[20,32017,32018],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[173,32020,32021,32026],{},[176,32022,32023],{},[15,32024,32025],{},"\"first name\"",[176,32027,32028],{},[15,32029,32030],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32032,32033],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[47,32035,32037],{"className":49,"code":32036,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32038,32039,32047,32087],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32040,32041,32043,32045],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32042,12021],{"class":65},[56,32044,1217],{"class":827},[56,32046,10370],{"class":76},[56,32048,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32078,32080,32082,32085],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32050,12115],{"class":65},[56,32052,156],{"class":76},[56,32054,30994],{"class":95},[56,32056,6068],{"class":76},[56,32058,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32060,11045],{"class":1020},[56,32062,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32064,1045],{"class":76},[56,32066,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32068,29444],{"class":1020},[56,32070,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32072,306],{"class":76},[56,32074,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32076,32077],{"class":1020},"user-id",[56,32079,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32081,1045],{"class":76},[56,32083,32084],{"class":80}," 1001",[56,32086,31026],{"class":76},[56,32088,32089,32091,32093,32095],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32090,373],{"class":72},[56,32092,77],{"class":76},[56,32094,12115],{"class":95},[56,32096,99],{"class":76},[42,32098,17954],{"id":17953},[20,32100,32101,2942,32103,156],{},[15,32102,15488],{},[15,32104,4319],{},[20,32106,14583],{},[20,32108,25242],{},[47,32110,32112],{"className":49,"code":32111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32113,32114,32138,32164,32168,32178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32115,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32117,13738],{"class":65},[56,32119,1217],{"class":827},[56,32121,11023],{"class":76},[56,32123,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32125,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32127,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32129,1045],{"class":76},[56,32131,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32133,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32135,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32137,9841],{"class":76},[56,32139,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32141,2775],{"class":65},[56,32143,1217],{"class":827},[56,32145,13781],{"class":65},[56,32147,156],{"class":76},[56,32149,30994],{"class":95},[56,32151,6068],{"class":76},[56,32153,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32155,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32157,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32159,1045],{"class":76},[56,32161,8323],{"class":80},[56,32163,31026],{"class":76},[56,32165,32166],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32167,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,32169,32170,32172,32174,32176],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,32171,373],{"class":72},[56,32173,77],{"class":76},[56,32175,2809],{"class":95},[56,32177,99],{"class":76},[56,32179,32180,32182,32184,32186],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,32181,373],{"class":72},[56,32183,77],{"class":76},[56,32185,17842],{"class":95},[56,32187,99],{"class":76},[20,32189,239],{},[47,32191,32193],{"className":49,"code":32192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32194,32195,32199],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32196,32197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32198,12342],{"class":4393},[56,32200,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32202,9810],{"class":76},[56,32204,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32206,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32208,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32210,1045],{"class":76},[56,32212,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32214,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32216,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32218,306],{"class":76},[56,32220,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32222,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32224,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32226,1045],{"class":76},[56,32228,8323],{"class":80},[56,32230,9841],{"class":76},[20,32232,17191],{},[47,32234,32236],{"className":49,"code":32235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32237,32238,32262,32284,32288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32239,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32241,13738],{"class":65},[56,32243,1217],{"class":827},[56,32245,11023],{"class":76},[56,32247,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32249,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32251,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32253,1045],{"class":76},[56,32255,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32257,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32259,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32261,9841],{"class":76},[56,32263,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32265,17842],{"class":65},[56,32267,156],{"class":76},[56,32269,30994],{"class":95},[56,32271,6068],{"class":76},[56,32273,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32275,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32277,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32279,1045],{"class":76},[56,32281,8323],{"class":80},[56,32283,31026],{"class":76},[56,32285,32286],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32287,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,32289,32290,32292,32294,32296],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,32291,373],{"class":72},[56,32293,77],{"class":76},[56,32295,17842],{"class":95},[56,32297,99],{"class":76},[20,32299,239],{},[47,32301,32303],{"className":49,"code":32302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32304,32305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32306,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32308,9810],{"class":76},[56,32310,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32312,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32314,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32316,1045],{"class":76},[56,32318,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32320,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32322,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32324,306],{"class":76},[56,32326,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32328,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32330,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32332,1045],{"class":76},[56,32334,8323],{"class":80},[56,32336,9841],{"class":76},[20,32338,32339,32340,156],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[264,32341,18439],{"href":11263},[42,32343,5500,32345],{"id":32344},"when-to-use-update",[15,32346,15488],{},[20,32348,2638,32349,11133],{},[15,32350,15488],{},[173,32352,32353,32356,32359,32362],{},[176,32354,32355],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[176,32357,32358],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[176,32360,32361],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[176,32363,32364],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32366,32367],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[47,32369,32371],{"className":49,"code":32370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32372,32373,32409,32424,32428,32467,32471,32481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32374,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32376,12620],{"class":65},[56,32378,1217],{"class":827},[56,32380,11023],{"class":76},[56,32382,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32384,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32386,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32388,1045],{"class":76},[56,32390,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32392,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32394,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32396,306],{"class":76},[56,32398,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32400,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32402,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32404,1045],{"class":76},[56,32406,8323],{"class":80},[56,32408,9841],{"class":76},[56,32410,32411,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32412,32413],{"class":65},"updated ",[56,32415,1217],{"class":827},[56,32417,12695],{"class":65},[56,32419,156],{"class":76},[56,32421,13445],{"class":95},[56,32423,9174],{"class":76},[56,32425,32426],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32427,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,32429,32430,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,32431,32432],{"class":65},"updated",[56,32434,156],{"class":76},[56,32436,30994],{"class":95},[56,32438,6068],{"class":76},[56,32440,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32442,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32444,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32446,1045],{"class":76},[56,32448,31007],{"class":80},[56,32450,306],{"class":76},[56,32452,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32454,10941],{"class":1020},[56,32456,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32458,1045],{"class":76},[56,32460,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32462,16566],{"class":1020},[56,32464,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32466,31026],{"class":76},[56,32468,32469],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,32470,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,32472,32473,32475,32477,32479],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,32474,373],{"class":72},[56,32476,77],{"class":76},[56,32478,12667],{"class":95},[56,32480,99],{"class":76},[56,32482,32483,32485,32487,32489],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,32484,373],{"class":72},[56,32486,77],{"class":76},[56,32488,32432],{"class":95},[56,32490,99],{"class":76},[20,32492,239],{},[47,32494,32496],{"className":49,"code":32495,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32497,32498,32530],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32499,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32501,9810],{"class":76},[56,32503,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32505,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32507,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32509,1045],{"class":76},[56,32511,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32513,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32515,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32517,306],{"class":76},[56,32519,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32521,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32523,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32525,1045],{"class":76},[56,32527,8323],{"class":80},[56,32529,9841],{"class":76},[56,32531,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32533,9810],{"class":76},[56,32535,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32537,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32539,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32541,1045],{"class":76},[56,32543,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32545,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32547,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32549,306],{"class":76},[56,32551,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32553,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32555,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32557,1045],{"class":76},[56,32559,31007],{"class":80},[56,32561,306],{"class":76},[56,32563,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32565,10941],{"class":1020},[56,32567,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32569,1045],{"class":76},[56,32571,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32573,16566],{"class":1020},[56,32575,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32577,9841],{"class":76},[20,32579,32580,32581,156],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[264,32582,17133],{"href":17132},[42,32584,3374],{"id":3373},[20,32586,11280,32587,1045],{},[15,32588,15488],{},[173,32590,32591,32598,32602,32605,32608],{},[176,32592,13128,32593,32595,32596],{},[15,32594,15488],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32597,4319],{},[176,32599,8983,32600,13136],{},[15,32601,15488],{},[176,32603,32604],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[176,32606,32607],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[176,32609,32610],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32612,32613],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[47,32615,32617],{"className":49,"code":32616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32618,32619,32629,32643,32657,32679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32620,32621,32623,32625,32627],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32622,373],{"class":72},[56,32624,77],{"class":76},[56,32626,11982],{"class":95},[56,32628,99],{"class":76},[56,32630,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32632,373],{"class":72},[56,32634,77],{"class":76},[56,32636,2312],{"class":378},[56,32638,77],{"class":76},[56,32640,9736],{"class":95},[56,32642,1635],{"class":76},[56,32644,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32646,373],{"class":72},[56,32648,77],{"class":76},[56,32650,379],{"class":378},[56,32652,77],{"class":76},[56,32654,9736],{"class":95},[56,32656,1635],{"class":76},[56,32658,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,32660,373],{"class":72},[56,32662,77],{"class":76},[56,32664,11982],{"class":95},[56,32666,156],{"class":76},[56,32668,20285],{"class":95},[56,32670,77],{"class":76},[56,32672,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32674,15376],{"class":1020},[56,32676,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32678,1635],{"class":76},[56,32680,32681,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,32682,32683],{"class":72},"help",[56,32685,77],{"class":76},[56,32687,9353],{"class":378},[56,32689,156],{"class":76},[56,32691,30994],{"class":25284},[56,32693,99],{"class":76},[20,32695,32696],{},"These can help you check:",[173,32698,32699,32702,32707,32710,32713],{},[176,32700,32701],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[176,32703,32704,32705],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32706,15488],{},[176,32708,32709],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[176,32711,32712],{},"Whether a key exists",[176,32714,32715],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32717,32718,32719,156],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[264,32720,11794],{"href":11606},[42,32722,2343],{"id":2342},[353,32724,2347,32726,32728],{"id":32725},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32727,15488],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32730,32731,32732,156],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32733,4319],{},[353,32735,2347,32737,32739],{"id":32736},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32738,15488],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32741,32742],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[353,32744,2372,32746,32748],{"id":32745},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32747,15488],{}," add new keys?",[20,32750,32751],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[353,32753,28859,32755,32757],{"id":32754},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32756,15488],{}," with a list?",[20,32759,32760,32761,156],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32762,11627],{},[353,32764,5718,32766,32768],{"id":32765},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32767,15488],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32770,32771,32772,32774],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32773,15488],{}," can change many keys at once.",[42,32776,2417],{"id":2416},[173,32778,32779,32783,32787,32792,32796],{},[176,32780,32781],{},[264,32782,26625],{"href":9923},[176,32784,32785],{},[264,32786,11783],{"href":11263},[176,32788,32789],{},[264,32790,32791],{"href":31616},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[176,32793,32794],{},[264,32795,21993],{"href":17132},[176,32797,32798],{},[264,32799,11794],{"href":11606},[2451,32801,32802],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":32804},[32805,32806,32808,32809,32811,32813,32814,32815,32817,32818,32830],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":31049,"depth":87,"text":32807},"What update() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":31409,"depth":87,"text":32810},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31620,"depth":87,"text":32812},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31861,"depth":87,"text":31862},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":32344,"depth":87,"text":32816},"When to use update()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":32819},[32820,32822,32824,32826,32828],{"id":32725,"depth":102,"text":32821},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32736,"depth":102,"text":32823},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32745,"depth":102,"text":32825},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32754,"depth":102,"text":32827},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32765,"depth":102,"text":32829},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30927,"description":32831},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32837,"title":32838,"body":32839,"description":34825,"extension":2509,"meta":34826,"navigation":105,"path":23431,"seo":34827,"stem":34828,"__hash__":34829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32840,"toc":34788},[32841,32846,32852,32855,32857,32956,32958,33013,33018,33023,33037,33042,33044,33059,33061,33075,33088,33093,33099,33106,33108,33215,33217,33266,33272,33347,33349,33370,33372,33375,33480,33482,33537,33539,33567,33571,33576,33655,33657,33677,33679,33690,33700,33704,33709,33813,33815,33840,33842,33853,33858,33867,33870,33887,33889,33976,33978,34041,34043,34066,34068,34072,34078,34083,34085,34124,34130,34133,34152,34163,34169,34172,34245,34247,34266,34271,34274,34297,34303,34306,34370,34373,34450,34457,34460,34519,34525,34527,34546,34550,34553,34604,34607,34627,34629,34690,34692,34697,34702,34707,34712,34717,34722,34728,34731,34740,34748,34750,34785],[10,32842,11850,32844,11854],{"id":32843},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32845,17606],{},[20,32847,22,32848,32851],{},[15,32849,32850],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32853,32854],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[42,32856,45],{"id":44},[47,32858,32860],{"className":49,"code":32859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32861,32862,32914,32928,32932,32942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32863,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32865,13397],{"class":65},[56,32867,1217],{"class":827},[56,32869,11023],{"class":76},[56,32871,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32873,8201],{"class":1020},[56,32875,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32877,1045],{"class":76},[56,32879,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32881,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32883,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32885,306],{"class":76},[56,32887,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32889,9831],{"class":1020},[56,32891,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32893,1045],{"class":76},[56,32895,8323],{"class":80},[56,32897,306],{"class":76},[56,32899,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32901,10941],{"class":1020},[56,32903,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32905,1045],{"class":76},[56,32907,1231],{"class":1016},[56,32909,16566],{"class":1020},[56,32911,1017],{"class":1016},[56,32913,9841],{"class":76},[56,32915,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32917,4364],{"class":65},[56,32919,1217],{"class":827},[56,32921,13440],{"class":65},[56,32923,156],{"class":76},[56,32925,5898],{"class":95},[56,32927,9174],{"class":76},[56,32929,32930],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32931,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,32933,32934,32936,32938,32940],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,32935,373],{"class":72},[56,32937,77],{"class":76},[56,32939,5898],{"class":95},[56,32941,99],{"class":76},[56,32943,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,32945,373],{"class":72},[56,32947,77],{"class":76},[56,32949,379],{"class":378},[56,32951,77],{"class":76},[56,32953,5898],{"class":95},[56,32955,1635],{"class":76},[20,32957,239],{},[47,32959,32961],{"className":49,"code":32960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32962,32963,32989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32964,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32966,17573],{"class":95},[56,32968,3528],{"class":76},[56,32970,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32972,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32974,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32976,306],{"class":76},[56,32978,8323],{"class":80},[56,32980,306],{"class":76},[56,32982,3839],{"class":1016},[56,32984,16566],{"class":1020},[56,32986,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32988,1294],{"class":76},[56,32990,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,32992,402],{"class":76},[56,32994,3844],{"class":1016},[56,32996,13414],{"class":1020},[56,32998,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33000,306],{"class":76},[56,33002,8323],{"class":80},[56,33004,306],{"class":76},[56,33006,3839],{"class":1016},[56,33008,16566],{"class":1020},[56,33010,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33012,427],{"class":76},[20,33014,33015,33017],{},[15,33016,17606],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[42,33019,160,33021,163],{"id":33020},"what-values-does",[15,33022,17606],{},[173,33024,33025,33028,33031,33034],{},[176,33026,33027],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[176,33029,33030],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[176,33032,33033],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[176,33035,33036],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33038,33039,33040,156],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[264,33041,9924],{"href":9923},[42,33043,2702],{"id":2701},[47,33045,33047],{"className":49,"code":33046,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33048,33049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33050,33051,33053,33055,33057],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33052,11982],{"class":65},[56,33054,156],{"class":76},[56,33056,5898],{"class":95},[56,33058,9174],{"class":76},[20,33060,171],{},[173,33062,33063,33067,33070],{},[176,33064,33065,11998],{},[15,33066,17606],{},[176,33068,33069],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[176,33071,33072,33073],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33074,17606],{},[20,33076,33077,33078,4935,33083,156],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[264,33079,33080,33082],{"href":17597},[15,33081,17600],{}," for dictionary keys",[264,33084,33085,33087],{"href":17610},[15,33086,17613],{}," for key-value pairs",[42,33089,160,33091,12239],{"id":33090},"what-values-returns",[15,33092,17606],{},[20,33094,33095,22511,33097,25298],{},[15,33096,17606],{},[15,33098,17573],{},[20,33100,33101,33102,33105],{},"This object is a ",[37,33103,33104],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33107,986],{},[47,33109,33111],{"className":49,"code":33110,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33112,33113,33149,33153,33168,33179,33183,33205],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33114,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33116,13738],{"class":65},[56,33118,1217],{"class":827},[56,33120,11023],{"class":76},[56,33122,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33124,8201],{"class":1020},[56,33126,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33128,1045],{"class":76},[56,33130,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33132,8454],{"class":1020},[56,33134,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33136,306],{"class":76},[56,33138,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33140,9831],{"class":1020},[56,33142,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33144,1045],{"class":76},[56,33146,9838],{"class":80},[56,33148,9841],{"class":76},[56,33150,33151],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33152,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33154,33155,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33156,33157],{"class":65},"values_view ",[56,33159,1217],{"class":827},[56,33161,13781],{"class":65},[56,33163,156],{"class":76},[56,33165,5898],{"class":95},[56,33167,9174],{"class":76},[56,33169,33170,33172,33174,33177],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,33171,373],{"class":72},[56,33173,77],{"class":76},[56,33175,33176],{"class":95},"values_view",[56,33178,99],{"class":76},[56,33180,33181],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,33182,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33184,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,33186,17842],{"class":65},[56,33188,402],{"class":76},[56,33190,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33192,10941],{"class":1020},[56,33194,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33196,13807],{"class":76},[56,33198,13810],{"class":827},[56,33200,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33202,31173],{"class":1020},[56,33204,3903],{"class":1016},[56,33206,33207,33209,33211,33213],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,33208,373],{"class":72},[56,33210,77],{"class":76},[56,33212,33176],{"class":95},[56,33214,99],{"class":76},[20,33216,239],{},[47,33218,33220],{"className":49,"code":33219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33221,33222,33240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33223,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33225,17573],{"class":95},[56,33227,3528],{"class":76},[56,33229,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33231,8454],{"class":1020},[56,33233,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33235,306],{"class":76},[56,33237,9838],{"class":80},[56,33239,1294],{"class":76},[56,33241,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33243,17573],{"class":95},[56,33245,3528],{"class":76},[56,33247,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33249,8454],{"class":1020},[56,33251,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33253,306],{"class":76},[56,33255,9838],{"class":80},[56,33257,306],{"class":76},[56,33259,3839],{"class":1016},[56,33261,31173],{"class":1020},[56,33263,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33265,1294],{"class":76},[20,33267,33268,33269,156],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33270,33271],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[47,33273,33275],{"className":49,"code":33274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33276,33277,33313,33332,33336],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33278,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33280,13738],{"class":65},[56,33282,1217],{"class":827},[56,33284,11023],{"class":76},[56,33286,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33288,8201],{"class":1020},[56,33290,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33292,1045],{"class":76},[56,33294,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33296,8454],{"class":1020},[56,33298,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33300,306],{"class":76},[56,33302,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33304,9831],{"class":1020},[56,33306,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33308,1045],{"class":76},[56,33310,9838],{"class":80},[56,33312,9841],{"class":76},[56,33314,33315,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33316,33317],{"class":65},"values_list ",[56,33319,1217],{"class":827},[56,33321,23096],{"class":378},[56,33323,77],{"class":76},[56,33325,17842],{"class":95},[56,33327,156],{"class":76},[56,33329,5898],{"class":95},[56,33331,7726],{"class":76},[56,33333,33334],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33335,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33337,33338,33340,33342,33345],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,33339,373],{"class":72},[56,33341,77],{"class":76},[56,33343,33344],{"class":95},"values_list",[56,33346,99],{"class":76},[20,33348,239],{},[47,33350,33352],{"className":49,"code":33351,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33353,33354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33355,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33357,402],{"class":76},[56,33359,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33361,8454],{"class":1020},[56,33363,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33365,306],{"class":76},[56,33367,9838],{"class":80},[56,33369,427],{"class":76},[42,33371,12008],{"id":12007},[20,33373,33374],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[47,33376,33378],{"className":49,"code":33377,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33379,33380,33434,33438,33452,33456,33466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33381,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33415,33417,33419,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33383,25329],{"class":65},[56,33385,1217],{"class":827},[56,33387,11023],{"class":76},[56,33389,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33391,25338],{"class":1020},[56,33393,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33395,1045],{"class":76},[56,33397,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33399,25347],{"class":1020},[56,33401,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33403,306],{"class":76},[56,33405,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33407,25356],{"class":1020},[56,33409,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33411,1045],{"class":76},[56,33413,33414],{"class":80}," 2022",[56,33416,306],{"class":76},[56,33418,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33420,33421],{"class":1020},"color",[56,33423,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33425,1045],{"class":76},[56,33427,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33429,13643],{"class":1020},[56,33431,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33433,9841],{"class":76},[56,33435,33436],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33437,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33439,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33441,2775],{"class":65},[56,33443,1217],{"class":827},[56,33445,25378],{"class":65},[56,33447,156],{"class":76},[56,33449,5898],{"class":95},[56,33451,9174],{"class":76},[56,33453,33454],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,33455,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33457,33458,33460,33462,33464],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,33459,373],{"class":72},[56,33461,77],{"class":76},[56,33463,2809],{"class":95},[56,33465,99],{"class":76},[56,33467,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,33469,373],{"class":72},[56,33471,77],{"class":76},[56,33473,379],{"class":378},[56,33475,77],{"class":76},[56,33477,2809],{"class":95},[56,33479,1635],{"class":76},[20,33481,239],{},[47,33483,33485],{"className":49,"code":33484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33486,33487,33513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33488,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33490,17573],{"class":95},[56,33492,3528],{"class":76},[56,33494,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33496,25347],{"class":1020},[56,33498,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33500,306],{"class":76},[56,33502,33414],{"class":80},[56,33504,306],{"class":76},[56,33506,3839],{"class":1016},[56,33508,13643],{"class":1020},[56,33510,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33512,1294],{"class":76},[56,33514,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33516,402],{"class":76},[56,33518,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33520,25347],{"class":1020},[56,33522,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33524,306],{"class":76},[56,33526,33414],{"class":80},[56,33528,306],{"class":76},[56,33530,3839],{"class":1016},[56,33532,13643],{"class":1020},[56,33534,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33536,427],{"class":76},[20,33538,12217],{},[173,33540,33541,33547,33553,33561],{},[176,33542,33543,33546],{},[15,33544,33545],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[176,33548,33549,33552],{},[15,33550,33551],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[176,33554,33555,33558,33559,2339],{},[15,33556,33557],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33560,17573],{},[176,33562,33563,33566],{},[15,33564,33565],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[42,33568,33570],{"id":33569},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33572,33573,33574,26594],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33575,31],{},[47,33577,33579],{"className":49,"code":33578,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33580,33581,33625,33629,33645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33582,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33584,5603],{"class":65},[56,33586,1217],{"class":827},[56,33588,11023],{"class":76},[56,33590,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33592,18952],{"class":1020},[56,33594,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33596,1045],{"class":76},[56,33598,20433],{"class":80},[56,33600,306],{"class":76},[56,33602,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33604,31683],{"class":1020},[56,33606,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33608,1045],{"class":76},[56,33610,14041],{"class":80},[56,33612,306],{"class":76},[56,33614,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33616,18961],{"class":1020},[56,33618,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33620,1045],{"class":76},[56,33622,29451],{"class":80},[56,33624,9841],{"class":76},[56,33626,33627],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33628,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33630,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33632,31],{"class":62},[56,33634,22120],{"class":65},[56,33636,69],{"class":62},[56,33638,5650],{"class":65},[56,33640,156],{"class":76},[56,33642,5898],{"class":95},[56,33644,22131],{"class":76},[56,33646,33647,33649,33651,33653],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,33648,90],{"class":72},[56,33650,77],{"class":76},[56,33652,3017],{"class":95},[56,33654,99],{"class":76},[20,33656,239],{},[47,33658,33660],{"className":49,"code":33659,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33661,33662,33667,33672],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33663,33664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33665,33666],{"class":80},"90\n",[56,33668,33669],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33670,33671],{"class":80},"85\n",[56,33673,33674],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33675,33676],{"class":80},"88\n",[20,33678,18245],{},[173,33680,33681,33684,33687],{},[176,33682,33683],{},"You only need the values",[176,33685,33686],{},"You do not care about the keys",[176,33688,33689],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33691,33692,33693,3422,33697,156],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[264,33694,11269,33695,11273],{"href":17610},[15,33696,17613],{},[264,33698,23011],{"href":33699},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[42,33701,33703],{"id":33702},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33705,2638,33706,33708],{},[15,33707,33271],{}," when you need a list.",[47,33710,33712],{"className":49,"code":33711,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33713,33714,33760,33764,33784,33788,33799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33715,33716,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33752,33754,33756,33758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33717,33718],{"class":65},"fruit_prices ",[56,33720,1217],{"class":827},[56,33722,11023],{"class":76},[56,33724,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33726,4619],{"class":1020},[56,33728,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33730,1045],{"class":76},[56,33732,414],{"class":80},[56,33734,306],{"class":76},[56,33736,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33738,4628],{"class":1020},[56,33740,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33742,1045],{"class":76},[56,33744,409],{"class":80},[56,33746,306],{"class":76},[56,33748,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33750,33751],{"class":1020},"orange",[56,33753,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33755,1045],{"class":76},[56,33757,419],{"class":80},[56,33759,9841],{"class":76},[56,33761,33762],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33763,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33765,33766,33769,33771,33773,33775,33778,33780,33782],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33767,33768],{"class":65},"price_list ",[56,33770,1217],{"class":827},[56,33772,23096],{"class":378},[56,33774,77],{"class":76},[56,33776,33777],{"class":95},"fruit_prices",[56,33779,156],{"class":76},[56,33781,5898],{"class":95},[56,33783,7726],{"class":76},[56,33785,33786],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,33787,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33789,33790,33792,33794,33797],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,33791,373],{"class":72},[56,33793,77],{"class":76},[56,33795,33796],{"class":95},"price_list",[56,33798,99],{"class":76},[56,33800,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,33802,373],{"class":72},[56,33804,77],{"class":76},[56,33806,33796],{"class":95},[56,33808,402],{"class":76},[56,33810,152],{"class":80},[56,33812,1294],{"class":76},[20,33814,239],{},[47,33816,33818],{"className":49,"code":33817,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33819,33820,33836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33821,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33823,402],{"class":76},[56,33825,463],{"class":80},[56,33827,306],{"class":76},[56,33829,409],{"class":80},[56,33831,306],{"class":76},[56,33833,419],{"class":80},[56,33835,427],{"class":76},[56,33837,33838],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33839,259],{"class":80},[20,33841,1567],{},[173,33843,33844,33847,33850],{},[176,33845,33846],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[176,33848,33849],{},"Accessing values by index",[176,33851,33852],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33854,4464,33855,33857],{},[15,33856,17573],{}," is not the same as a list.",[42,33859,33861,1682,33863,1682,33865],{"id":33860},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33862,17606],{},[15,33864,17600],{},[15,33866,17613],{},[20,33868,33869],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[173,33871,33872,33877,33882],{},[176,33873,33874,33876],{},[15,33875,17606],{}," returns only the values",[176,33878,33879,33881],{},[15,33880,17600],{}," returns only the keys",[176,33883,33884,33886],{},[15,33885,17613],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33888,2671],{},[47,33890,33892],{"className":49,"code":33891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33893,33894,33930,33934,33948,33962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33895,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912,33914,33916,33918,33920,33922,33924,33926,33928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33897,13397],{"class":65},[56,33899,1217],{"class":827},[56,33901,11023],{"class":76},[56,33903,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33905,8201],{"class":1020},[56,33907,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33909,1045],{"class":76},[56,33911,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33913,13414],{"class":1020},[56,33915,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33917,306],{"class":76},[56,33919,1231],{"class":1016},[56,33921,9831],{"class":1020},[56,33923,1017],{"class":1016},[56,33925,1045],{"class":76},[56,33927,8323],{"class":80},[56,33929,9841],{"class":76},[56,33931,33932],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,33933,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,33935,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33937,373],{"class":72},[56,33939,77],{"class":76},[56,33941,14160],{"class":95},[56,33943,156],{"class":76},[56,33945,17459],{"class":95},[56,33947,7726],{"class":76},[56,33949,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,33951,373],{"class":72},[56,33953,77],{"class":76},[56,33955,14160],{"class":95},[56,33957,156],{"class":76},[56,33959,5898],{"class":95},[56,33961,7726],{"class":76},[56,33963,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,33965,373],{"class":72},[56,33967,77],{"class":76},[56,33969,14160],{"class":95},[56,33971,156],{"class":76},[56,33973,1271],{"class":95},[56,33975,7726],{"class":76},[20,33977,239],{},[47,33979,33981],{"className":49,"code":33980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33982,33983,34005,34023],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33984,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33986,17550],{"class":95},[56,33988,3528],{"class":76},[56,33990,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33992,8201],{"class":1020},[56,33994,3844],{"class":1016},[56,33996,306],{"class":76},[56,33998,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34000,9831],{"class":1020},[56,34002,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34004,1294],{"class":76},[56,34006,34007,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34008,17573],{"class":95},[56,34010,3528],{"class":76},[56,34012,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34014,13414],{"class":1020},[56,34016,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34018,306],{"class":76},[56,34020,8323],{"class":80},[56,34022,1294],{"class":76},[56,34024,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34026,22444],{"class":95},[56,34028,10190],{"class":76},[56,34030,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34032,8201],{"class":1020},[56,34034,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34036,306],{"class":76},[56,34038,8323],{"class":80},[56,34040,11211],{"class":76},[20,34042,19230],{},[173,34044,34045,34052,34059],{},[176,34046,34047,34051],{},[264,34048,34049],{"href":17597},[15,34050,17600],{}," when you need just the keys",[176,34053,34054,34058],{},[264,34055,34056],{"href":17603},[15,34057,17606],{}," when you need just the values",[176,34060,34061,34065],{},[264,34062,34063],{"href":17610},[15,34064,17613],{}," when you need both",[42,34067,1690],{"id":1689},[20,34069,1693,34070,156],{},[15,34071,17606],{},[353,34073,30179,34075,34077],{"id":34074},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34076,17606],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34079,34080,34082],{},[15,34081,17606],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34084,17179],{},[47,34086,34088],{"className":49,"code":34087,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34089,34090,34110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34091,34092,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34093,8839],{"class":65},[56,34095,1217],{"class":827},[56,34097,1220],{"class":76},[56,34099,529],{"class":80},[56,34101,306],{"class":76},[56,34103,414],{"class":80},[56,34105,306],{"class":76},[56,34107,419],{"class":80},[56,34109,427],{"class":76},[56,34111,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34113,373],{"class":72},[56,34115,77],{"class":76},[56,34117,8870],{"class":95},[56,34119,156],{"class":76},[56,34121,5898],{"class":95},[56,34123,7726],{"class":76},[20,34125,34126,34127,34129],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34128,17606],{}," method.",[20,34131,34132],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[47,34134,34136],{"className":49,"code":34135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34137,34138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34139,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34141,373],{"class":72},[56,34143,77],{"class":76},[56,34145,2312],{"class":378},[56,34147,77],{"class":76},[56,34149,8870],{"class":95},[56,34151,1635],{"class":76},[20,34153,34154,34155,34157,34158,156],{},"If you get an ",[15,34156,26204],{},", see ",[264,34159,26212,34160,34162],{"href":26211},[15,34161,26215],{}," errors",[353,34164,1796,34166,34168],{"id":34165},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34167,17606],{}," returns a list",[20,34170,34171],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[47,34173,34175],{"className":49,"code":34174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34176,34177,34213,34227,34231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34178,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199,34201,34203,34205,34207,34209,34211],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34180,13397],{"class":65},[56,34182,1217],{"class":827},[56,34184,11023],{"class":76},[56,34186,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34188,8201],{"class":1020},[56,34190,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34192,1045],{"class":76},[56,34194,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34196,13414],{"class":1020},[56,34198,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34200,306],{"class":76},[56,34202,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34204,9831],{"class":1020},[56,34206,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34208,1045],{"class":76},[56,34210,8323],{"class":80},[56,34212,9841],{"class":76},[56,34214,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223,34225],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34216,4364],{"class":65},[56,34218,1217],{"class":827},[56,34220,13440],{"class":65},[56,34222,156],{"class":76},[56,34224,5898],{"class":95},[56,34226,9174],{"class":76},[56,34228,34229],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34230,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,34232,34233,34235,34237,34239,34241,34243],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,34234,373],{"class":72},[56,34236,77],{"class":76},[56,34238,2312],{"class":378},[56,34240,77],{"class":76},[56,34242,5898],{"class":95},[56,34244,1635],{"class":76},[20,34246,239],{},[47,34248,34250],{"className":49,"code":34249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34251,34252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34253,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34255,3833],{"class":827},[56,34257,3836],{"class":2610},[56,34259,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34261,17573],{"class":1020},[56,34263,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34265,3847],{"class":827},[20,34267,5688,34268,34270],{},[15,34269,17573],{},", not a list.",[20,34272,34273],{},"If you need a list:",[47,34275,34277],{"className":49,"code":34276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34278,34279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34280,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34282,4364],{"class":65},[56,34284,1217],{"class":827},[56,34286,23096],{"class":378},[56,34288,77],{"class":76},[56,34290,14160],{"class":95},[56,34292,156],{"class":76},[56,34294,5898],{"class":95},[56,34296,7726],{"class":76},[353,34298,34300,34301],{"id":34299},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34302,17573],{},[20,34304,34305],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[47,34307,34309],{"className":49,"code":34308,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34310,34311,34347,34361,34365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34312,34313,34315,34317,34319,34321,34323,34325,34327,34329,34331,34333,34335,34337,34339,34341,34343,34345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34314,13397],{"class":65},[56,34316,1217],{"class":827},[56,34318,11023],{"class":76},[56,34320,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34322,8201],{"class":1020},[56,34324,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34326,1045],{"class":76},[56,34328,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34330,13414],{"class":1020},[56,34332,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34334,306],{"class":76},[56,34336,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34338,9831],{"class":1020},[56,34340,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34342,1045],{"class":76},[56,34344,8323],{"class":80},[56,34346,9841],{"class":76},[56,34348,34349,34351,34353,34355,34357,34359],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34350,4364],{"class":65},[56,34352,1217],{"class":827},[56,34354,13440],{"class":65},[56,34356,156],{"class":76},[56,34358,5898],{"class":95},[56,34360,9174],{"class":76},[56,34362,34363],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34364,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,34366,34367],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,34368,34369],{"class":112},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34371,34372],{},"Convert to a list first:",[47,34374,34376],{"className":49,"code":34375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34377,34378,34414,34432,34436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34379,34380,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34381,13397],{"class":65},[56,34383,1217],{"class":827},[56,34385,11023],{"class":76},[56,34387,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34389,8201],{"class":1020},[56,34391,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34393,1045],{"class":76},[56,34395,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34397,13414],{"class":1020},[56,34399,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34401,306],{"class":76},[56,34403,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34405,9831],{"class":1020},[56,34407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34409,1045],{"class":76},[56,34411,8323],{"class":80},[56,34413,9841],{"class":76},[56,34415,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426,34428,34430],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34417,4364],{"class":65},[56,34419,1217],{"class":827},[56,34421,23096],{"class":378},[56,34423,77],{"class":76},[56,34425,14160],{"class":95},[56,34427,156],{"class":76},[56,34429,5898],{"class":95},[56,34431,7726],{"class":76},[56,34433,34434],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34435,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,34437,34438,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,34439,373],{"class":72},[56,34441,77],{"class":76},[56,34443,5898],{"class":95},[56,34445,402],{"class":76},[56,34447,152],{"class":80},[56,34449,1294],{"class":76},[353,34451,958,34453,11624,34455],{"id":34452},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34454,5898],{},[15,34456,17606],{},[20,34458,34459],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[47,34461,34463],{"className":49,"code":34462,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34464,34465,34501,34505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34466,34467,34469,34471,34473,34475,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34468,13397],{"class":65},[56,34470,1217],{"class":827},[56,34472,11023],{"class":76},[56,34474,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34476,8201],{"class":1020},[56,34478,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34480,1045],{"class":76},[56,34482,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34484,13414],{"class":1020},[56,34486,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34488,306],{"class":76},[56,34490,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34492,9831],{"class":1020},[56,34494,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34496,1045],{"class":76},[56,34498,8323],{"class":80},[56,34500,9841],{"class":76},[56,34502,34503],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34504,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,34506,34507,34509,34511,34513,34515,34517],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34508,373],{"class":72},[56,34510,77],{"class":76},[56,34512,14160],{"class":95},[56,34514,156],{"class":76},[56,34516,5898],{"class":25284},[56,34518,99],{"class":76},[20,34520,34521,34524],{},[15,34522,34523],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34526,19230],{},[47,34528,34530],{"className":49,"code":34529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34531,34532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34533,34534,34536,34538,34540,34542,34544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34535,373],{"class":72},[56,34537,77],{"class":76},[56,34539,14160],{"class":95},[56,34541,156],{"class":76},[56,34543,5898],{"class":95},[56,34545,7726],{"class":76},[353,34547,34549],{"id":34548},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34551,34552],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[47,34554,34556],{"className":49,"code":34555,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34557,34558,34590],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34559,34560,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574,34576,34578,34580,34582,34584,34586,34588],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34561,9697],{"class":65},[56,34563,1217],{"class":827},[56,34565,11023],{"class":76},[56,34567,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34569,264],{"class":1020},[56,34571,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34573,1045],{"class":76},[56,34575,409],{"class":80},[56,34577,306],{"class":76},[56,34579,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34581,1234],{"class":1020},[56,34583,1017],{"class":1016},[56,34585,1045],{"class":76},[56,34587,414],{"class":80},[56,34589,9841],{"class":76},[56,34591,34592,34594,34596,34598,34600,34602],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34593,373],{"class":72},[56,34595,77],{"class":76},[56,34597,9736],{"class":95},[56,34599,156],{"class":76},[56,34601,5898],{"class":95},[56,34603,7726],{"class":76},[20,34605,34606],{},"Not like this:",[47,34608,34610],{"className":49,"code":34609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34611,34612,34617,34622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34613,34614],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34615,34616],{"class":112},"# Wrong examples:\n",[56,34618,34619],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34620,34621],{"class":112},"# data().values()\n",[56,34623,34624],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34625,34626],{"class":112},"# values(data)\n",[20,34628,3884],{},[47,34630,34632],{"className":49,"code":34631,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34633,34634,34648,34658,34672],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34635,34636,34638,34640,34642,34644,34646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34637,373],{"class":72},[56,34639,77],{"class":76},[56,34641,2312],{"class":378},[56,34643,77],{"class":76},[56,34645,11982],{"class":95},[56,34647,1635],{"class":76},[56,34649,34650,34652,34654,34656],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34651,373],{"class":72},[56,34653,77],{"class":76},[56,34655,11982],{"class":95},[56,34657,99],{"class":76},[56,34659,34660,34662,34664,34666,34668,34670],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34661,373],{"class":72},[56,34663,77],{"class":76},[56,34665,11982],{"class":95},[56,34667,156],{"class":76},[56,34669,5898],{"class":95},[56,34671,7726],{"class":76},[56,34673,34674,34676,34678,34680,34682,34684,34686,34688],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,34675,373],{"class":72},[56,34677,77],{"class":76},[56,34679,379],{"class":378},[56,34681,77],{"class":76},[56,34683,11982],{"class":95},[56,34685,156],{"class":76},[56,34687,5898],{"class":95},[56,34689,6825],{"class":76},[42,34691,2343],{"id":2342},[353,34693,5682,34695,5685],{"id":34694},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34696,32850],{},[20,34698,195,34699,34701],{},[15,34700,17573],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[353,34703,2347,34705,24467],{"id":34704},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34706,17606],{},[20,34708,24470,34709,2398],{},[15,34710,34711],{},"list(...)",[353,34713,26586,34715,2363],{"id":34714},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34716,32850],{},[20,34718,34719,34720,26594],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34721,31],{},[353,34723,2347,34725,34727],{"id":34724},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34726,32850],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34729,34730],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[353,34732,34734,34735,34737,34738,2363],{"id":34733},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34736,17606],{}," different from ",[15,34739,17613],{},[20,34741,34742,34744,34745,34747],{},[15,34743,17606],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34746,17613],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[42,34749,2417],{"id":2416},[173,34751,34752,34758,34764,34768,34774,34778],{},[176,34753,34754],{},[264,34755,11269,34756,11273],{"href":17597},[15,34757,17600],{},[176,34759,34760],{},[264,34761,11269,34762,11273],{"href":17610},[15,34763,17613],{},[176,34765,34766],{},[264,34767,11774],{"href":9923},[176,34769,34770],{},[264,34771,34773],{"href":34772},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[176,34775,34776],{},[264,34777,24551],{"href":33699},[176,34779,34780],{},[264,34781,30877,34782],{"href":26211},[15,34783,34784],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2451,34786,34787],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":34789},[34790,34791,34793,34794,34796,34797,34798,34799,34801,34812,34824],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":33020,"depth":87,"text":34792},"What values() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":33090,"depth":87,"text":34795},"What values() returns",{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":33569,"depth":87,"text":33570},{"id":33702,"depth":87,"text":33703},{"id":33860,"depth":87,"text":34800},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":34802},[34803,34805,34807,34809,34811],{"id":34074,"depth":102,"text":34804},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34165,"depth":102,"text":34806},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34299,"depth":102,"text":34808},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34452,"depth":102,"text":34810},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34548,"depth":102,"text":34549},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":34813},[34814,34816,34818,34820,34822],{"id":34694,"depth":102,"text":34815},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34704,"depth":102,"text":34817},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34714,"depth":102,"text":34819},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34724,"depth":102,"text":34821},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34733,"depth":102,"text":34823},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32838,"description":34825},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34831,"title":34832,"body":34833,"description":36263,"extension":2509,"meta":36264,"navigation":105,"path":36265,"seo":36266,"stem":36267,"__hash__":36268},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34834,"toc":36215},[34835,34841,34846,34849,34865,34874,34876,34908,34914,34917,35012,35015,35020,35025,35028,35039,35041,35055,35061,35063,35068,35074,35077,35116,35124,35129,35132,35177,35180,35192,35198,35204,35208,35241,35244,35262,35265,35269,35308,35310,35330,35333,35345,35350,35356,35359,35413,35416,35427,35430,35441,35444,35448,35454,35456,35486,35489,35504,35507,35510,35529,35532,35548,35557,35559,35590,35596,35601,35604,35611,35642,35645,35667,35670,35673,35687,35691,35722,35737,35744,35751,35755,35763,35767,35775,35778,35827,35838,35840,35843,35849,35854,35864,35868,35871,35874,35878,35881,35883,35904,35908,35914,35925,35931,35933,35939,35963,35966,36029,36032,36060,36063,36125,36127,36132,36135,36142,36150,36157,36160,36168,36174,36176,36203,36212],[10,34836,13,34838,18],{"id":34837},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34839,34840],{},"dir()",[20,34842,22,34843,34845],{},[15,34844,34840],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34847,34848],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[173,34850,34851,34854,34857,34862],{},[176,34852,34853],{},"learning Python",[176,34855,34856],{},"exploring a new object",[176,34858,34859,34860],{},"debugging an ",[15,34861,26204],{},[176,34863,34864],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34866,34867,34868,34870,34871],{},"In short, ",[15,34869,34840],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[37,34872,34873],{},"“What can I use here?”",[42,34875,45],{"id":44},[47,34877,34879],{"className":49,"code":34878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34880,34881,34893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34882,34883,34885,34887,34889,34891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34884,8409],{"class":65},[56,34886,1217],{"class":827},[56,34888,1231],{"class":1016},[56,34890,4386],{"class":1020},[56,34892,3903],{"class":1016},[56,34894,34895,34897,34899,34902,34904,34906],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,34896,373],{"class":72},[56,34898,77],{"class":76},[56,34900,34901],{"class":72},"dir",[56,34903,77],{"class":76},[56,34905,8201],{"class":95},[56,34907,1635],{"class":76},[20,34909,2638,34910,34913],{},[15,34911,34912],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34915,34916],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[47,34918,34920],{"className":49,"code":34919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34921,34922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34923,34924,34926,34928,34931,34933,34935,34937,34940,34942,34944,34946,34949,34951,34953,34955,34958,34960,34962,34964,34967,34969,34971,34973,34976,34978,34980,34984,34986,34988,34990,34992,34994,34996,34999,35001,35003,35005,35008,35010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34925,402],{"class":76},[56,34927,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34929,34930],{"class":1020},"__add__",[56,34932,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34934,306],{"class":76},[56,34936,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34938,34939],{"class":1020},"__class__",[56,34941,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34943,306],{"class":76},[56,34945,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34947,34948],{"class":1020},"__contains__",[56,34950,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34952,306],{"class":76},[56,34954,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34956,34957],{"class":1020},"__delattr__",[56,34959,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34961,306],{"class":76},[56,34963,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34965,34966],{"class":1020},"__dir__",[56,34968,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34970,306],{"class":76},[56,34972,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34974,34975],{"class":1020},"__doc__",[56,34977,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34979,306],{"class":76},[56,34981,34983],{"class":34982},"s_hVV"," ...",[56,34985,306],{"class":76},[56,34987,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34989,9171],{"class":1020},[56,34991,3844],{"class":1016},[56,34993,306],{"class":76},[56,34995,3839],{"class":1016},[56,34997,34998],{"class":1020},"split",[56,35000,3844],{"class":1016},[56,35002,306],{"class":76},[56,35004,3839],{"class":1016},[56,35006,35007],{"class":1020},"upper",[56,35009,3844],{"class":1016},[56,35011,427],{"class":76},[20,35013,35014],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[42,35016,160,35018,163],{"id":35017},"what-dir-does",[15,35019,34840],{},[20,35021,35022,35024],{},[15,35023,34840],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35026,35027],{},"It usually includes:",[173,35029,35030,35033,35036],{},[176,35031,35032],{},"attributes",[176,35034,35035],{},"methods",[176,35037,35038],{},"special Python names",[20,35040,11991],{},[173,35042,35043,35049,35052],{},[176,35044,35045,35046],{},"The result is a ",[37,35047,35048],{},"list of strings",[176,35050,35051],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[176,35053,35054],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35056,35057,35058,35060],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35059,34840],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[42,35062,2702],{"id":2701},[20,35064,35065,35067],{},[15,35066,34840],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[353,35069,35071,35073],{"id":35070},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35072,34840],{}," with no argument",[20,35075,35076],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[47,35078,35080],{"className":49,"code":35079,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35081,35082,35090,35102,35106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35083,35084,35086,35088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35085,3567],{"class":65},[56,35087,1217],{"class":827},[56,35089,3130],{"class":80},[56,35091,35092,35094,35096,35098,35100],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35093,8409],{"class":65},[56,35095,1217],{"class":827},[56,35097,1231],{"class":1016},[56,35099,8210],{"class":1020},[56,35101,3903],{"class":1016},[56,35103,35104],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35105,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,35107,35108,35110,35112,35114],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,35109,373],{"class":72},[56,35111,77],{"class":76},[56,35113,34901],{"class":72},[56,35115,7726],{"class":76},[20,35117,35118,35119,4935,35121,35123],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35120,2719],{},[15,35122,8201],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[353,35125,35127],{"id":35126},"dirobject",[15,35128,34912],{},[20,35130,35131],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[47,35133,35135],{"className":49,"code":35134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35136,35137,35155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35138,35139,35141,35143,35145,35147,35149,35151,35153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35140,373],{"class":72},[56,35142,77],{"class":76},[56,35144,34901],{"class":72},[56,35146,77],{"class":76},[56,35148,1017],{"class":1016},[56,35150,4386],{"class":1020},[56,35152,1017],{"class":1016},[56,35154,1635],{"class":76},[56,35156,35157,35159,35161,35163,35165,35167,35169,35171,35173,35175],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35158,373],{"class":72},[56,35160,77],{"class":76},[56,35162,34901],{"class":72},[56,35164,3528],{"class":76},[56,35166,529],{"class":80},[56,35168,306],{"class":76},[56,35170,414],{"class":80},[56,35172,306],{"class":76},[56,35174,419],{"class":80},[56,35176,3541],{"class":76},[20,35178,35179],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[173,35181,35182,35184,35186,35189],{},[176,35183,5848],{},[176,35185,5839],{},[176,35187,35188],{},"modules",[176,35190,35191],{},"custom objects",[42,35193,958,35195,35197],{"id":35194},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35196,34840],{}," with a value",[20,35199,35200,35201,35203],{},"A common use of ",[15,35202,34840],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[353,35205,35207],{"id":35206},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[47,35209,35211],{"className":49,"code":35210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35212,35213,35226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35214,35215,35218,35220,35222,35224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35216,35217],{"class":65},"text ",[56,35219,1217],{"class":827},[56,35221,1231],{"class":1016},[56,35223,4386],{"class":1020},[56,35225,3903],{"class":1016},[56,35227,35228,35230,35232,35234,35236,35239],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35229,373],{"class":72},[56,35231,77],{"class":76},[56,35233,34901],{"class":72},[56,35235,77],{"class":76},[56,35237,35238],{"class":95},"text",[56,35240,1635],{"class":76},[20,35242,35243],{},"You will see method names like:",[173,35245,35246,35250,35254,35258],{},[176,35247,35248],{},[15,35249,9171],{},[176,35251,35252],{},[15,35253,35007],{},[176,35255,35256],{},[15,35257,34998],{},[176,35259,35260],{},[15,35261,9165],{},[20,35263,35264],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[353,35266,35268],{"id":35267},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[47,35270,35272],{"className":49,"code":35271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35273,35274,35294],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35275,35276,35278,35280,35282,35284,35286,35288,35290,35292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35277,1594],{"class":65},[56,35279,1217],{"class":827},[56,35281,1220],{"class":76},[56,35283,529],{"class":80},[56,35285,306],{"class":76},[56,35287,414],{"class":80},[56,35289,306],{"class":76},[56,35291,419],{"class":80},[56,35293,427],{"class":76},[56,35295,35296,35298,35300,35302,35304,35306],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35297,373],{"class":72},[56,35299,77],{"class":76},[56,35301,34901],{"class":72},[56,35303,77],{"class":76},[56,35305,1618],{"class":95},[56,35307,1635],{"class":76},[20,35309,35243],{},[173,35311,35312,35316,35320,35325],{},[176,35313,35314],{},[15,35315,14087],{},[176,35317,35318],{},[15,35319,26771],{},[176,35321,35322],{},[15,35323,35324],{},"remove",[176,35326,35327],{},[15,35328,35329],{},"sort",[20,35331,35332],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35334,35335,35336,35341,35342,35344],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[264,35337,35339],{"href":35338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35340,2847],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35343,34840],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[42,35346,958,35348,35073],{"id":35347},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35349,34840],{},[20,35351,35352,35353,35355],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35354,34840],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35357,35358],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[47,35360,35362],{"className":49,"code":35361,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35363,35364,35373,35377,35388,35399,35403],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35365,35366,35368,35370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35367,3567],{"class":65},[56,35369,1217],{"class":827},[56,35371,35372],{"class":80}," 5\n",[56,35374,35375],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35376,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,35378,35379,35382,35386],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35380,35381],{"class":2610},"def",[56,35383,35385],{"class":35384},"sGLFI"," greet",[56,35387,22131],{"class":76},[56,35389,35390,35393,35395,35397],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,35391,35392],{"class":62},"    return",[56,35394,1231],{"class":1016},[56,35396,1102],{"class":1020},[56,35398,3903],{"class":1016},[56,35400,35401],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,35402,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,35404,35405,35407,35409,35411],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,35406,373],{"class":72},[56,35408,77],{"class":76},[56,35410,34901],{"class":72},[56,35412,7726],{"class":76},[20,35414,35415],{},"The output will include names like:",[173,35417,35418,35422],{},[176,35419,35420],{},[15,35421,2719],{},[176,35423,35424],{},[15,35425,35426],{},"greet",[20,35428,35429],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[173,35431,35432,35435,35438],{},[176,35433,35434],{},"what variables exist",[176,35436,35437],{},"what functions you have defined",[176,35439,35440],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35442,35443],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[42,35445,35447],{"id":35446},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35449,35450,35451,35453],{},"When you first use ",[15,35452,34840],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35455,986],{},[47,35457,35458],{"className":49,"code":35210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,35459,35460,35472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35461,35462,35464,35466,35468,35470],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35463,35217],{"class":65},[56,35465,1217],{"class":827},[56,35467,1231],{"class":1016},[56,35469,4386],{"class":1020},[56,35471,3903],{"class":1016},[56,35473,35474,35476,35478,35480,35482,35484],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35475,373],{"class":72},[56,35477,77],{"class":76},[56,35479,34901],{"class":72},[56,35481,77],{"class":76},[56,35483,35238],{"class":95},[56,35485,1635],{"class":76},[20,35487,35488],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[173,35490,35491,35495,35499],{},[176,35492,35493],{},[15,35494,34939],{},[176,35496,35497],{},[15,35498,34975],{},[176,35500,35501],{},[15,35502,35503],{},"__len__",[20,35505,35506],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35508,35509],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[173,35511,35512,35516,35520,35524],{},[176,35513,35514],{},[15,35515,35007],{},[176,35517,35518],{},[15,35519,9171],{},[176,35521,35522],{},[15,35523,34998],{},[176,35525,35526],{},[15,35527,35528],{},"replace",[20,35530,35531],{},"A key point to remember:",[173,35533,35534,35542],{},[176,35535,35536,35538,35539],{},[15,35537,34840],{}," lists ",[37,35540,35541],{},"names only",[176,35543,35544,35545,35547],{},"it does ",[37,35546,5170],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35549,35550,35551,156],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[264,35552,35554],{"href":35553},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35555,35556],{},"help()",[20,35558,1584],{},[47,35560,35562],{"className":49,"code":35561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35563,35564,35576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35565,35566,35568,35570,35572,35574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35567,8409],{"class":65},[56,35569,1217],{"class":827},[56,35571,1231],{"class":1016},[56,35573,4386],{"class":1020},[56,35575,3903],{"class":1016},[56,35577,35578,35580,35582,35584,35586,35588],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35579,32683],{"class":72},[56,35581,77],{"class":76},[56,35583,8201],{"class":95},[56,35585,156],{"class":76},[56,35587,35007],{"class":25284},[56,35589,99],{"class":76},[42,35591,35593,35595],{"id":35592},"dir-on-modules",[15,35594,34840],{}," on modules",[20,35597,16249,35598,35600],{},[15,35599,34840],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35602,35603],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[353,35605,35607,35608,35610],{"id":35606},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35609,18952],{}," module",[47,35612,35614],{"className":49,"code":35613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35615,35616,35624,35628],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35617,35618,35621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35619,35620],{"class":62},"import",[56,35622,35623],{"class":65}," math\n",[56,35625,35626],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35627,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,35629,35630,35632,35634,35636,35638,35640],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35631,373],{"class":72},[56,35633,77],{"class":76},[56,35635,34901],{"class":72},[56,35637,77],{"class":76},[56,35639,18952],{"class":95},[56,35641,1635],{"class":76},[20,35643,35644],{},"You may see names like:",[173,35646,35647,35652,35657,35662],{},[176,35648,35649],{},[15,35650,35651],{},"sqrt",[176,35653,35654],{},[15,35655,35656],{},"ceil",[176,35658,35659],{},[15,35660,35661],{},"floor",[176,35663,35664],{},[15,35665,35666],{},"pi",[20,35668,35669],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35671,35672],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[173,35674,35675,35681],{},[176,35676,35677],{},[264,35678,35680],{"href":35679},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[176,35682,35683],{},[264,35684,35686],{"href":35685},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[353,35688,35690],{"id":35689},"another-example","Another example",[47,35692,35694],{"className":49,"code":35693,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35695,35696,35703,35707],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35697,35698,35700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35699,35620],{"class":62},[56,35701,35702],{"class":65}," json\n",[56,35704,35705],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35706,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,35708,35709,35711,35713,35715,35717,35720],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35710,373],{"class":72},[56,35712,77],{"class":76},[56,35714,34901],{"class":72},[56,35716,77],{"class":76},[56,35718,35719],{"class":95},"json",[56,35721,1635],{"class":76},[20,35723,35724,35725,2735,35728,2735,35731,17607,35734,156],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35726,35727],{},"dump",[15,35729,35730],{},"dumps",[15,35732,35733],{},"load",[15,35735,35736],{},"loads",[42,35738,35740,1682,35742],{"id":35739},"dir-vs-help",[15,35741,34840],{},[15,35743,35556],{},[20,35745,35746,4935,35748,35750],{},[15,35747,34840],{},[15,35749,35556],{}," are often used together.",[353,35752,35753],{"id":34901},[15,35754,34840],{},[173,35756,35757,35760],{},[176,35758,35759],{},"shows available names",[176,35761,35762],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[353,35764,35765],{"id":32683},[15,35766,35556],{},[173,35768,35769,35772],{},[176,35770,35771],{},"explains what an object or function does",[176,35773,35774],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35776,35777],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[47,35779,35781],{"className":49,"code":35780,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35782,35783,35795,35799,35813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35784,35785,35787,35789,35791,35793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35786,8409],{"class":65},[56,35788,1217],{"class":827},[56,35790,1231],{"class":1016},[56,35792,4386],{"class":1020},[56,35794,3903],{"class":1016},[56,35796,35797],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35798,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,35800,35801,35803,35805,35807,35809,35811],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35802,373],{"class":72},[56,35804,77],{"class":76},[56,35806,34901],{"class":72},[56,35808,77],{"class":76},[56,35810,8201],{"class":95},[56,35812,1635],{"class":76},[56,35814,35815,35817,35819,35821,35823,35825],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,35816,32683],{"class":72},[56,35818,77],{"class":76},[56,35820,8201],{"class":95},[56,35822,156],{"class":76},[56,35824,35007],{"class":25284},[56,35826,99],{"class":76},[20,35828,2638,35829,35831,35832,35834,35835,35837],{},[15,35830,34840],{}," first to find a method name.",[10378,35833],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35836,35556],{}," to understand how to use it.",[42,35839,25891],{"id":25890},[20,35841,35842],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[353,35844,35846,35848],{"id":35845},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35847,34840],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35850,35851,35853],{},[15,35852,34840],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35855,35856,35857,35859,35860,35863],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35858,35007],{}," in ",[15,35861,35862],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[353,35865,35867],{"id":35866},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35869,35870],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35872,35873],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[353,35875,35877],{"id":35876},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35879,35880],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35882,1584],{},[173,35884,35885,35890,35896],{},[176,35886,35887,35889],{},[15,35888,35862],{}," shows string-related names",[176,35891,35892,35895],{},[15,35893,35894],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[176,35897,35898,35901,35902,35610],{},[15,35899,35900],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35903,18952],{},[353,35905,35907],{"id":35906},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35909,35910,35911,35913],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35912,34840],{}," does not mean you already know:",[173,35915,35916,35919,35922],{},[176,35917,35918],{},"what it does",[176,35920,35921],{},"what arguments it needs",[176,35923,35924],{},"what it returns",[20,35926,35927,35928,35930],{},"That is why ",[15,35929,35556],{}," is the natural next step.",[42,35932,3374],{"id":3373},[20,35934,35935,35936,35938],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35937,34840],{}," in these situations:",[173,35940,35941,35944,35953,35956],{},[176,35942,35943],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[176,35945,35946,35947,35952],{},"Seeing an ",[264,35948,35950],{"href":35949},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35951,26204],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[176,35954,35955],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[176,35957,958,35958,35960,35961],{},[15,35959,34840],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35962,35556],{},[20,35964,35965],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[47,35967,35969],{"className":49,"code":35968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35970,35971,35983,35987,36001,36015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35972,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35974,8409],{"class":65},[56,35976,1217],{"class":827},[56,35978,1231],{"class":1016},[56,35980,4386],{"class":1020},[56,35982,3903],{"class":1016},[56,35984,35985],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,35986,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,35988,35989,35991,35993,35995,35997,35999],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35990,373],{"class":72},[56,35992,77],{"class":76},[56,35994,2312],{"class":378},[56,35996,77],{"class":76},[56,35998,8201],{"class":95},[56,36000,1635],{"class":76},[56,36002,36003,36005,36007,36009,36011,36013],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,36004,373],{"class":72},[56,36006,77],{"class":76},[56,36008,34901],{"class":72},[56,36010,77],{"class":76},[56,36012,8201],{"class":95},[56,36014,1635],{"class":76},[56,36016,36017,36019,36021,36023,36025,36027],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,36018,32683],{"class":72},[56,36020,77],{"class":76},[56,36022,8201],{"class":95},[56,36024,156],{"class":76},[56,36026,35007],{"class":25284},[56,36028,99],{"class":76},[20,36030,36031],{},"And for modules:",[47,36033,36034],{"className":49,"code":35613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,36035,36036,36042,36046],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36037,36038,36040],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36039,35620],{"class":62},[56,36041,35623],{"class":65},[56,36043,36044],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36045,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,36047,36048,36050,36052,36054,36056,36058],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36049,373],{"class":72},[56,36051,77],{"class":76},[56,36053,34901],{"class":72},[56,36055,77],{"class":76},[56,36057,18952],{"class":95},[56,36059,1635],{"class":76},[20,36061,36062],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[47,36064,36066],{"className":49,"code":36065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36067,36068,36073,36085,36095,36109,36115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36069,36070],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36071,36072],{"class":65},"python\n",[56,36074,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36076,8409],{"class":65},[56,36078,1217],{"class":827},[56,36080,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36082,4386],{"class":1020},[56,36084,3903],{"class":1016},[56,36086,36087,36089,36091,36093],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36088,34901],{"class":72},[56,36090,77],{"class":76},[56,36092,8201],{"class":95},[56,36094,99],{"class":76},[56,36096,36097,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,36098,32683],{"class":72},[56,36100,77],{"class":76},[56,36102,8201],{"class":95},[56,36104,156],{"class":76},[56,36106,35007],{"class":25284},[56,36108,99],{"class":76},[56,36110,36111,36113],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,36112,35620],{"class":62},[56,36114,35623],{"class":65},[56,36116,36117,36119,36121,36123],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,36118,34901],{"class":72},[56,36120,77],{"class":76},[56,36122,18952],{"class":95},[56,36124,99],{"class":76},[42,36126,2343],{"id":2342},[353,36128,5682,36130,5685],{"id":36129},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36131,34840],{},[20,36133,36134],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[353,36136,5718,36138,4935,36140,2363],{"id":36137},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36139,34840],{},[15,36141,35556],{},[20,36143,36144,36146,36147,36149],{},[15,36145,34840],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36148,35556],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[353,36151,36153,36154,36156],{"id":36152},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36155,34840],{}," output?",[20,36158,36159],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[353,36161,2372,36163,36165,36166,2363],{"id":36162},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36164,34840],{}," help fix ",[15,36167,26204],{},[20,36169,36170,36171,156],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[264,36172,36173],{"href":35949},"object has no attribute",[42,36175,2417],{"id":2416},[173,36177,36178,36184,36189,36193,36197],{},[176,36179,36180],{},[264,36181,13,36182,2430],{"href":35553},[15,36183,35556],{},[176,36185,36186],{},[264,36187,36188],{"href":35949},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[176,36190,36191],{},[264,36192,35680],{"href":35679},[176,36194,36195],{},[264,36196,35686],{"href":35685},[176,36198,36199],{},[264,36200,13,36201,2430],{"href":35338},[15,36202,2847],{},[20,36204,36205,36206,36208,36209,36211],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36207,34840],{}," together with ",[15,36210,35556],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2451,36213,36214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":36216},[36217,36218,36220,36225,36230,36232,36233,36239,36244,36251,36252,36262],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":35017,"depth":87,"text":36219},"What dir() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":36221},[36222,36224],{"id":35070,"depth":102,"text":36223},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35126,"depth":102,"text":34912},{"id":35194,"depth":87,"text":36226,"children":36227},"Using dir() with a value",[36228,36229],{"id":35206,"depth":102,"text":35207},{"id":35267,"depth":102,"text":35268},{"id":35347,"depth":87,"text":36231},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35446,"depth":87,"text":35447},{"id":35592,"depth":87,"text":36234,"children":36235},"dir() on modules",[36236,36238],{"id":35606,"depth":102,"text":36237},"Example: math module",{"id":35689,"depth":102,"text":35690},{"id":35739,"depth":87,"text":36240,"children":36241},"dir() vs help()",[36242,36243],{"id":34901,"depth":102,"text":34840},{"id":32683,"depth":102,"text":35556},{"id":25890,"depth":87,"text":25891,"children":36245},[36246,36248,36249,36250],{"id":35845,"depth":102,"text":36247},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35866,"depth":102,"text":35867},{"id":35876,"depth":102,"text":35877},{"id":35906,"depth":102,"text":35907},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":36253},[36254,36256,36258,36260],{"id":36129,"depth":102,"text":36255},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36137,"depth":102,"text":36257},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36152,"depth":102,"text":36259},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36162,"depth":102,"text":36261},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34832,"description":36263},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36270,"title":36271,"body":36272,"description":38072,"extension":2509,"meta":38073,"navigation":105,"path":38074,"seo":38075,"stem":38076,"__hash__":38077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36273,"toc":38041},[36274,36279,36284,36287,36295,36301,36303,36380,36382,36408,36413,36418,36423,36426,36437,36440,36442,36521,36523,36549,36554,36556,36558,36583,36586,36598,36603,36605,36684,36686,36708,36716,36721,36729,36735,36742,36745,36747,36826,36829,36886,36888,36925,36931,36936,36941,36944,36958,36960,37063,37065,37108,37116,37123,37130,37136,37143,37226,37228,37251,37254,37257,37259,37263,37267,37270,37333,37356,37359,37363,37369,37371,37438,37441,37518,37523,37529,37532,37535,37581,37583,37607,37612,37616,37621,37627,37690,37693,37695,37698,37723,37726,37861,37863,37964,37966,37971,37974,37980,37989,37997,38002,38008,38014,38016,38038],[10,36275,13,36277,18],{"id":36276},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36278,1410],{},[20,36280,36281,36283],{},[15,36282,1410],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36285,36286],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[173,36288,36289,36292],{},[176,36290,36291],{},"the item itself",[176,36293,36294],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36296,36297,36298,36300],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36299,1410],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[42,36302,45],{"id":44},[47,36304,36306],{"className":49,"code":36305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36307,36308,36340,36344,36365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36309,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36311,13609],{"class":65},[56,36313,1217],{"class":827},[56,36315,1220],{"class":76},[56,36317,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36319,13626],{"class":1020},[56,36321,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36323,306],{"class":76},[56,36325,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36327,17990],{"class":1020},[56,36329,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36331,306],{"class":76},[56,36333,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36335,13643],{"class":1020},[56,36337,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36339,427],{"class":76},[56,36341,36342],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36343,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,36345,36346,36348,36350,36352,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36347,31],{"class":62},[56,36349,1459],{"class":65},[56,36351,306],{"class":76},[56,36353,36354],{"class":65}," color ",[56,36356,69],{"class":62},[56,36358,1468],{"class":72},[56,36360,77],{"class":76},[56,36362,18037],{"class":95},[56,36364,84],{"class":76},[56,36366,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36378],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,36368,90],{"class":72},[56,36370,77],{"class":76},[56,36372,1483],{"class":95},[56,36374,306],{"class":76},[56,36376,36377],{"class":95}," color",[56,36379,99],{"class":76},[20,36381,239],{},[47,36383,36385],{"className":49,"code":36384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36386,36387,36394,36401],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36388,36389,36391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36390,152],{"class":80},[56,36392,36393],{"class":65}," red\n",[56,36395,36396,36398],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36397,529],{"class":80},[56,36399,36400],{"class":65}," green\n",[56,36402,36403,36405],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36404,463],{"class":80},[56,36406,36407],{"class":65}," blue\n",[20,36409,2638,36410,36412],{},[15,36411,1410],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[42,36414,160,36416,163],{"id":36415},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36417,1410],{},[20,36419,36420,36422],{},[15,36421,1410],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36424,36425],{},"It is commonly used with:",[173,36427,36428,36430,36432,36434],{},[176,36429,5839],{},[176,36431,5842],{},[176,36433,5848],{},[176,36435,36436],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36438,36439],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36441,986],{},[47,36443,36445],{"className":49,"code":36444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36446,36447,36481,36485,36506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36448,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36468,36470,36472,36474,36477,36479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36450,5534],{"class":65},[56,36452,1217],{"class":827},[56,36454,1220],{"class":76},[56,36456,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36458,13414],{"class":1020},[56,36460,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36462,306],{"class":76},[56,36464,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36466,36467],{"class":1020},"Ben",[56,36469,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36471,306],{"class":76},[56,36473,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36475,36476],{"class":1020},"Cara",[56,36478,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36480,427],{"class":76},[56,36482,36483],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36484,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,36486,36487,36489,36491,36493,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36488,31],{"class":62},[56,36490,1459],{"class":65},[56,36492,306],{"class":76},[56,36494,36495],{"class":65}," name ",[56,36497,69],{"class":62},[56,36499,1468],{"class":72},[56,36501,77],{"class":76},[56,36503,5578],{"class":95},[56,36505,84],{"class":76},[56,36507,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36519],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,36509,90],{"class":72},[56,36511,77],{"class":76},[56,36513,1483],{"class":95},[56,36515,306],{"class":76},[56,36517,36518],{"class":95}," name",[56,36520,99],{"class":76},[20,36522,239],{},[47,36524,36526],{"className":49,"code":36525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36527,36528,36535,36542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36529,36530,36532],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36531,152],{"class":80},[56,36533,36534],{"class":65}," Ana\n",[56,36536,36537,36539],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36538,529],{"class":80},[56,36540,36541],{"class":65}," Ben\n",[56,36543,36544,36546],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36545,463],{"class":80},[56,36547,36548],{"class":65}," Cara\n",[20,36550,36551,36552,156],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[264,36553,267],{"href":266},[42,36555,2702],{"id":2701},[20,36557,2705],{},[47,36559,36561],{"className":49,"code":36560,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36562,36563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36564,36565,36568,36570,36572,36574,36577,36579,36581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36566,36567],{"class":72},"enumerate",[56,36569,77],{"class":76},[56,36571,4261],{"class":95},[56,36573,306],{"class":76},[56,36575,36576],{"class":9707}," start",[56,36578,1217],{"class":827},[56,36580,152],{"class":80},[56,36582,99],{"class":76},[20,36584,36585],{},"It has two parts:",[173,36587,36588,36593],{},[176,36589,36590,36592],{},[15,36591,4261],{},": the object you want to loop through",[176,36594,36595,36597],{},[15,36596,303],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,36599,36600,36601,156],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36602,152],{},[20,36604,986],{},[47,36606,36608],{"className":49,"code":36607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36609,36610,36643,36647,36669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36611,36612,36615,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36613,36614],{"class":65},"letters ",[56,36616,1217],{"class":827},[56,36618,1220],{"class":76},[56,36620,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36622,264],{"class":1020},[56,36624,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36626,306],{"class":76},[56,36628,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36630,1234],{"class":1020},[56,36632,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36634,306],{"class":76},[56,36636,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36638,1243],{"class":1020},[56,36640,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36642,427],{"class":76},[56,36644,36645],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36646,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,36648,36649,36651,36653,36655,36658,36660,36662,36664,36667],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36650,31],{"class":62},[56,36652,1028],{"class":65},[56,36654,306],{"class":76},[56,36656,36657],{"class":65}," letter ",[56,36659,69],{"class":62},[56,36661,1468],{"class":72},[56,36663,77],{"class":76},[56,36665,36666],{"class":95},"letters",[56,36668,84],{"class":76},[56,36670,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36682],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,36672,90],{"class":72},[56,36674,77],{"class":76},[56,36676,96],{"class":95},[56,36678,306],{"class":76},[56,36680,36681],{"class":95}," letter",[56,36683,99],{"class":76},[20,36685,239],{},[47,36687,36688],{"className":49,"code":1299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,36689,36690,36696,36702],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36691,36692,36694],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36693,152],{"class":80},[56,36695,1308],{"class":65},[56,36697,36698,36700],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36699,529],{"class":80},[56,36701,1315],{"class":65},[56,36703,36704,36706],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36705,463],{"class":80},[56,36707,1322],{"class":65},[20,36709,36710,36711,156],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[264,36712,13,36714,2430],{"href":36713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36715,17],{},[42,36717,160,36719,12239],{"id":36718},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36720,1410],{},[20,36722,36723,36725,36726,156],{},[15,36724,1410],{}," returns an ",[37,36727,36728],{},"enumerate object",[20,36730,36731,36732,36734],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36733,31],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[173,36736,36737],{},[176,36738,36739],{},[15,36740,36741],{},"(index, item)",[20,36743,36744],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36746,986],{},[47,36748,36750],{"className":49,"code":36749,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36751,36752,36785,36789,36811],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36753,36754,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36755,36756],{"class":65},"fruits ",[56,36758,1217],{"class":827},[56,36760,1220],{"class":76},[56,36762,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36764,4619],{"class":1020},[56,36766,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36768,306],{"class":76},[56,36770,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36772,4628],{"class":1020},[56,36774,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36776,306],{"class":76},[56,36778,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36780,33751],{"class":1020},[56,36782,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36784,427],{"class":76},[56,36786,36787],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36788,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,36790,36791,36793,36795,36797,36800,36802,36804,36806,36809],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36792,31],{"class":62},[56,36794,1459],{"class":65},[56,36796,306],{"class":76},[56,36798,36799],{"class":65}," fruit ",[56,36801,69],{"class":62},[56,36803,1468],{"class":72},[56,36805,77],{"class":76},[56,36807,36808],{"class":95},"fruits",[56,36810,84],{"class":76},[56,36812,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36824],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,36814,90],{"class":72},[56,36816,77],{"class":76},[56,36818,1483],{"class":95},[56,36820,306],{"class":76},[56,36822,36823],{"class":95}," fruit",[56,36825,99],{"class":76},[20,36827,36828],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[47,36830,36832],{"className":49,"code":36831,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36833,36834,36854,36858,36876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36835,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36837,1594],{"class":65},[56,36839,1217],{"class":827},[56,36841,1220],{"class":76},[56,36843,2291],{"class":80},[56,36845,306],{"class":76},[56,36847,8323],{"class":80},[56,36849,306],{"class":76},[56,36851,8328],{"class":80},[56,36853,427],{"class":76},[56,36855,36856],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,36857,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,36859,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36861,2775],{"class":65},[56,36863,1217],{"class":827},[56,36865,23096],{"class":378},[56,36867,77],{"class":76},[56,36869,36567],{"class":72},[56,36871,77],{"class":76},[56,36873,1618],{"class":95},[56,36875,1635],{"class":76},[56,36877,36878,36880,36882,36884],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,36879,373],{"class":72},[56,36881,77],{"class":76},[56,36883,2809],{"class":95},[56,36885,99],{"class":76},[20,36887,239],{},[47,36889,36891],{"className":49,"code":36890,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36892,36893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36894,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36896,22276],{"class":76},[56,36898,152],{"class":80},[56,36900,306],{"class":76},[56,36902,534],{"class":80},[56,36904,9765],{"class":76},[56,36906,9768],{"class":76},[56,36908,529],{"class":80},[56,36910,306],{"class":76},[56,36912,8323],{"class":80},[56,36914,9765],{"class":76},[56,36916,9768],{"class":76},[56,36918,463],{"class":80},[56,36920,306],{"class":76},[56,36922,8328],{"class":80},[56,36924,9781],{"class":76},[20,36926,36927,36928,36930],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36929,1410],{}," produces.",[42,36932,5500,36934],{"id":36933},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36935,1410],{},[20,36937,2638,36938,36940],{},[15,36939,1410],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36942,36943],{},"Common cases:",[173,36945,36946,36949,36952,36955],{},[176,36947,36948],{},"printing numbered output",[176,36950,36951],{},"building menus",[176,36953,36954],{},"showing positions in a list",[176,36956,36957],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36959,986],{},[47,36961,36963],{"className":49,"code":36962,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36964,36965,37000,37004,37034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36966,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36978,36980,36982,36984,36987,36989,36991,36993,36996,36998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36968,30427],{"class":65},[56,36970,1217],{"class":827},[56,36972,1220],{"class":76},[56,36974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36976,36977],{"class":1020},"Wash dishes",[56,36979,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36981,306],{"class":76},[56,36983,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36985,36986],{"class":1020},"Study Python",[56,36988,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36990,306],{"class":76},[56,36992,1231],{"class":1016},[56,36994,36995],{"class":1020},"Go for a walk",[56,36997,1017],{"class":1016},[56,36999,427],{"class":76},[56,37001,37002],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37003,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,37005,37006,37008,37010,37012,37015,37017,37019,37021,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37007,31],{"class":62},[56,37009,2743],{"class":65},[56,37011,306],{"class":76},[56,37013,37014],{"class":65}," task ",[56,37016,69],{"class":62},[56,37018,1468],{"class":72},[56,37020,77],{"class":76},[56,37022,37023],{"class":95},"tasks",[56,37025,306],{"class":76},[56,37027,36576],{"class":9707},[56,37029,1217],{"class":827},[56,37031,529],{"class":80},[56,37033,84],{"class":76},[56,37035,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37057,37059,37061],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37037,90],{"class":72},[56,37039,77],{"class":76},[56,37041,22830],{"class":2610},[56,37043,1017],{"class":1020},[56,37045,9810],{"class":80},[56,37047,234],{"class":95},[56,37049,22839],{"class":80},[56,37051,28844],{"class":1020},[56,37053,9810],{"class":80},[56,37055,37056],{"class":95},"task",[56,37058,22839],{"class":80},[56,37060,1017],{"class":1020},[56,37062,99],{"class":76},[20,37064,239],{},[47,37066,37068],{"className":49,"code":37067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37069,37070,37082,37094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37071,37072,37074,37076,37079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37073,529],{"class":80},[56,37075,156],{"class":76},[56,37077,37078],{"class":25284}," Wash",[56,37080,37081],{"class":65}," dishes\n",[56,37083,37084,37086,37088,37091],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37085,463],{"class":80},[56,37087,156],{"class":76},[56,37089,37090],{"class":25284}," Study",[56,37092,37093],{"class":65}," Python\n",[56,37095,37096,37098,37100,37103,37105],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37097,223],{"class":80},[56,37099,156],{"class":76},[56,37101,37102],{"class":25284}," Go",[56,37104,4418],{"class":62},[56,37106,37107],{"class":65}," a walk\n",[20,37109,1404,37110,37112,37113,156],{},[15,37111,1410],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37114,37115],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37117,37118,37119,156],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[264,37120,1497,37121,1500],{"href":1496},[15,37122,1410],{},[42,37124,37126,37127,37129],{"id":37125},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37128,303],{}," argument",[20,37131,37132,37133,37135],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37134,303],{}," argument.",[20,37137,37138,37139,11624,37141,1045],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37140,529],{},[15,37142,152],{},[47,37144,37146],{"className":49,"code":37145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37147,37148,37180,37184,37212],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37149,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37151,13609],{"class":65},[56,37153,1217],{"class":827},[56,37155,1220],{"class":76},[56,37157,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37159,13626],{"class":1020},[56,37161,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37163,306],{"class":76},[56,37165,1231],{"class":1016},[56,37167,17990],{"class":1020},[56,37169,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37171,306],{"class":76},[56,37173,1231],{"class":1016},[56,37175,13643],{"class":1020},[56,37177,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37179,427],{"class":76},[56,37181,37182],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37183,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,37185,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37187,31],{"class":62},[56,37189,1459],{"class":65},[56,37191,306],{"class":76},[56,37193,36354],{"class":65},[56,37195,69],{"class":62},[56,37197,1468],{"class":72},[56,37199,77],{"class":76},[56,37201,18037],{"class":95},[56,37203,306],{"class":76},[56,37205,36576],{"class":9707},[56,37207,1217],{"class":827},[56,37209,529],{"class":80},[56,37211,84],{"class":76},[56,37213,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37215,90],{"class":72},[56,37217,77],{"class":76},[56,37219,1483],{"class":95},[56,37221,306],{"class":76},[56,37223,36377],{"class":95},[56,37225,99],{"class":76},[20,37227,239],{},[47,37229,37231],{"className":49,"code":37230,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37232,37233,37239,37245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37234,37235,37237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37236,529],{"class":80},[56,37238,36393],{"class":65},[56,37240,37241,37243],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37242,463],{"class":80},[56,37244,36400],{"class":65},[56,37246,37247,37249],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37248,223],{"class":80},[56,37250,36407],{"class":65},[20,37252,37253],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37255,37256],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[42,37258,25891],{"id":25890},[20,37260,25894,37261,156],{},[15,37262,1410],{},[353,37264,37266],{"id":37265},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37268,37269],{},"In this loop:",[47,37271,37273],{"className":49,"code":37272,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37274,37275,37295,37299,37319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37276,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37278,1594],{"class":65},[56,37280,1217],{"class":827},[56,37282,1220],{"class":76},[56,37284,2291],{"class":80},[56,37286,306],{"class":76},[56,37288,8323],{"class":80},[56,37290,306],{"class":76},[56,37292,8328],{"class":80},[56,37294,427],{"class":76},[56,37296,37297],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37298,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,37300,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37302,31],{"class":62},[56,37304,1459],{"class":65},[56,37306,306],{"class":76},[56,37308,22120],{"class":65},[56,37310,69],{"class":62},[56,37312,1468],{"class":72},[56,37314,77],{"class":76},[56,37316,1618],{"class":95},[56,37318,84],{"class":76},[56,37320,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37322,90],{"class":72},[56,37324,77],{"class":76},[56,37326,1483],{"class":95},[56,37328,306],{"class":76},[56,37330,8963],{"class":95},[56,37332,99],{"class":76},[173,37334,37335,37345],{},[176,37336,37337,5322,37339,2735,37341,2735,37343],{},[15,37338,1483],{},[15,37340,152],{},[15,37342,529],{},[15,37344,463],{},[176,37346,37347,5322,37349,2735,37351,2735,37353],{},[15,37348,3017],{},[15,37350,2291],{},[15,37352,16289],{},[15,37354,37355],{},"30",[20,37357,37358],{},"These are different things.",[353,37360,37362],{"id":37361},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37364,37365,37366,37368],{},"Each item from ",[15,37367,1410],{}," is a pair.",[20,37370,7219],{},[47,37372,37374],{"className":49,"code":37373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37375,37376,37400,37404,37424],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37377,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37379,1214],{"class":65},[56,37381,1217],{"class":827},[56,37383,1220],{"class":76},[56,37385,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37387,2719],{"class":1020},[56,37389,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37391,306],{"class":76},[56,37393,1231],{"class":1016},[56,37395,12279],{"class":1020},[56,37397,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37399,427],{"class":76},[56,37401,37402],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37403,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,37405,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37407,31],{"class":62},[56,37409,1028],{"class":65},[56,37411,306],{"class":76},[56,37413,1383],{"class":65},[56,37415,69],{"class":62},[56,37417,1468],{"class":72},[56,37419,77],{"class":76},[56,37421,1271],{"class":95},[56,37423,84],{"class":76},[56,37425,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37427,90],{"class":72},[56,37429,77],{"class":76},[56,37431,96],{"class":95},[56,37433,306],{"class":76},[56,37435,1488],{"class":95},[56,37437,99],{"class":76},[20,37439,37440],{},"But this causes an error:",[47,37442,37444],{"className":49,"code":37443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37445,37446,37470,37474,37499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37447,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37449,1214],{"class":65},[56,37451,1217],{"class":827},[56,37453,1220],{"class":76},[56,37455,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37457,2719],{"class":1020},[56,37459,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37461,306],{"class":76},[56,37463,1231],{"class":1016},[56,37465,12279],{"class":1020},[56,37467,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37469,427],{"class":76},[56,37471,37472],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37473,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,37475,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37477,31],{"class":62},[56,37479,1028],{"class":65},[56,37481,306],{"class":76},[56,37483,1488],{"class":65},[56,37485,306],{"class":76},[56,37487,37488],{"class":65}," extra ",[56,37490,69],{"class":62},[56,37492,1468],{"class":72},[56,37494,77],{"class":76},[56,37496,1271],{"class":95},[56,37498,84],{"class":76},[56,37500,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37516],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37502,90],{"class":72},[56,37504,77],{"class":76},[56,37506,96],{"class":95},[56,37508,306],{"class":76},[56,37510,1488],{"class":95},[56,37512,306],{"class":76},[56,37514,37515],{"class":95}," extra",[56,37517,99],{"class":76},[20,37519,29592,37520,37522],{},[15,37521,1410],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[353,37524,37526,37528],{"id":37525},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37527,1410],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37530,37531],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37533,37534],{},"Example with a string:",[47,37536,37538],{"className":49,"code":37537,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37539,37540,37566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37541,37542,37544,37546,37548,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37562,37564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37543,31],{"class":62},[56,37545,1459],{"class":65},[56,37547,306],{"class":76},[56,37549,37550],{"class":65}," char ",[56,37552,69],{"class":62},[56,37554,1468],{"class":72},[56,37556,77],{"class":76},[56,37558,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37560,37561],{"class":1020},"cat",[56,37563,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37565,84],{"class":76},[56,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37579],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37569,90],{"class":72},[56,37571,77],{"class":76},[56,37573,1483],{"class":95},[56,37575,306],{"class":76},[56,37577,37578],{"class":95}," char",[56,37580,99],{"class":76},[20,37582,239],{},[47,37584,37586],{"className":49,"code":37585,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37587,37588,37594,37600],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37589,37590,37592],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37591,152],{"class":80},[56,37593,1322],{"class":65},[56,37595,37596,37598],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37597,529],{"class":80},[56,37599,1308],{"class":65},[56,37601,37602,37604],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37603,463],{"class":80},[56,37605,37606],{"class":65}," t\n",[20,37608,37609,37610,156],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[264,37611,5676],{"href":6125},[353,37613,37615],{"id":37614},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37617,37618,37619,156],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37620,1410],{},[20,37622,37623,37624,37626],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37625,31],{}," loop:",[47,37628,37630],{"className":49,"code":37629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37631,37632,37664,37668,37680],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37633,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37635,13609],{"class":65},[56,37637,1217],{"class":827},[56,37639,1220],{"class":76},[56,37641,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37643,13626],{"class":1020},[56,37645,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37647,306],{"class":76},[56,37649,1231],{"class":1016},[56,37651,17990],{"class":1020},[56,37653,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37655,306],{"class":76},[56,37657,1231],{"class":1016},[56,37659,13643],{"class":1020},[56,37661,1017],{"class":1016},[56,37663,427],{"class":76},[56,37665,37666],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37667,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,37669,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37671,31],{"class":62},[56,37673,36354],{"class":65},[56,37675,69],{"class":62},[56,37677,13657],{"class":65},[56,37679,1390],{"class":76},[56,37681,37682,37684,37686,37688],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37683,90],{"class":72},[56,37685,77],{"class":76},[56,37687,33421],{"class":95},[56,37689,99],{"class":76},[20,37691,37692],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[42,37694,3374],{"id":3373},[20,37696,37697],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[173,37699,37700,37705,37711,37716],{},[176,37701,23637,37702,37704],{},[15,37703,1410],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[176,37706,37707,37708,37710],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37709,152],{}," by default",[176,37712,958,37713,37715],{},[15,37714,1410],{}," when only values are needed",[176,37717,37718,37719,9236,37721],{},"Confusing ",[15,37720,1410],{},[15,37722,17],{},[20,37724,37725],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[47,37727,37729],{"className":49,"code":37728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37730,37731,37753,37780,37814,37847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37732,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37734,373],{"class":72},[56,37736,77],{"class":76},[56,37738,36567],{"class":72},[56,37740,3528],{"class":76},[56,37742,2291],{"class":80},[56,37744,306],{"class":76},[56,37746,8323],{"class":80},[56,37748,306],{"class":76},[56,37750,8328],{"class":80},[56,37752,3541],{"class":76},[56,37754,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37756,373],{"class":72},[56,37758,77],{"class":76},[56,37760,379],{"class":378},[56,37762,77],{"class":76},[56,37764,36567],{"class":72},[56,37766,3528],{"class":76},[56,37768,2291],{"class":80},[56,37770,306],{"class":76},[56,37772,8323],{"class":80},[56,37774,306],{"class":76},[56,37776,8328],{"class":80},[56,37778,37779],{"class":76},"])))\n",[56,37781,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37783,373],{"class":72},[56,37785,77],{"class":76},[56,37787,379],{"class":378},[56,37789,77],{"class":76},[56,37791,36567],{"class":72},[56,37793,3528],{"class":76},[56,37795,2291],{"class":80},[56,37797,306],{"class":76},[56,37799,8323],{"class":80},[56,37801,306],{"class":76},[56,37803,8328],{"class":80},[56,37805,18597],{"class":76},[56,37807,36576],{"class":9707},[56,37809,1217],{"class":827},[56,37811,529],{"class":80},[56,37813,390],{"class":76},[56,37815,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37817,31],{"class":62},[56,37819,1028],{"class":65},[56,37821,306],{"class":76},[56,37823,22120],{"class":65},[56,37825,69],{"class":62},[56,37827,1468],{"class":72},[56,37829,3528],{"class":76},[56,37831,3844],{"class":1016},[56,37833,264],{"class":1020},[56,37835,3844],{"class":1016},[56,37837,306],{"class":76},[56,37839,3839],{"class":1016},[56,37841,1234],{"class":1020},[56,37843,3844],{"class":1016},[56,37845,37846],{"class":76},"]):\n",[56,37848,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,37850,90],{"class":72},[56,37852,77],{"class":76},[56,37854,96],{"class":95},[56,37856,306],{"class":76},[56,37858,8963],{"class":95},[56,37860,99],{"class":76},[20,37862,17494],{},[47,37864,37866],{"className":49,"code":37865,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37867,37868,37888,37920,37952,37958],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37869,37870,37872,37874,37876,37879,37883,37886],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37871,3833],{"class":827},[56,37873,36567],{"class":72},[56,37875,2339],{"class":378},[56,37877,37878],{"class":65}," at ",[56,37880,37882],{"class":37881},"srjyR","0x",[56,37884,37885],{"class":34982},"...",[56,37887,3847],{"class":827},[56,37889,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,37891,22276],{"class":76},[56,37893,152],{"class":80},[56,37895,306],{"class":76},[56,37897,534],{"class":80},[56,37899,9765],{"class":76},[56,37901,9768],{"class":76},[56,37903,529],{"class":80},[56,37905,306],{"class":76},[56,37907,8323],{"class":80},[56,37909,9765],{"class":76},[56,37911,9768],{"class":76},[56,37913,463],{"class":80},[56,37915,306],{"class":76},[56,37917,8328],{"class":80},[56,37919,9781],{"class":76},[56,37921,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37923,22276],{"class":76},[56,37925,529],{"class":80},[56,37927,306],{"class":76},[56,37929,534],{"class":80},[56,37931,9765],{"class":76},[56,37933,9768],{"class":76},[56,37935,463],{"class":80},[56,37937,306],{"class":76},[56,37939,8323],{"class":80},[56,37941,9765],{"class":76},[56,37943,9768],{"class":76},[56,37945,223],{"class":80},[56,37947,306],{"class":76},[56,37949,8328],{"class":80},[56,37951,9781],{"class":76},[56,37953,37954,37956],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,37955,152],{"class":80},[56,37957,1308],{"class":65},[56,37959,37960,37962],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,37961,529],{"class":80},[56,37963,1315],{"class":65},[42,37965,2343],{"id":2342},[353,37967,5682,37969,5685],{"id":37968},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37970,1410],{},[20,37972,37973],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[353,37975,2347,37977,37979],{"id":37976},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37978,1410],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37981,1804,37982,37984,37985,37988],{},[15,37983,152],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37986,37987],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[353,37990,21956,37992,11624,37994,2363],{"id":37991},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37993,1410],{},[15,37995,37996],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37998,1404,37999,38001],{},[15,38000,1410],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[353,38003,2372,38005,38007],{"id":38004},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,38006,1410],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38009,38010,38011,38013],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38012,1410],{}," can return each character with its index.",[42,38015,2417],{"id":2416},[173,38017,38018,38022,38028,38034],{},[176,38019,38020],{},[264,38021,267],{"href":266},[176,38023,38024],{},[264,38025,13,38026,2430],{"href":36713},[15,38027,17],{},[176,38029,38030],{},[264,38031,2441,38032,1500],{"href":1496},[15,38033,1410],{},[176,38035,38036],{},[264,38037,5755],{"href":6125},[2451,38039,38040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":38042},[38043,38044,38046,38047,38049,38051,38053,38060,38061,38071],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":36415,"depth":87,"text":38045},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":36718,"depth":87,"text":38048},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36933,"depth":87,"text":38050},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37125,"depth":87,"text":38052},"Using the start argument",{"id":25890,"depth":87,"text":25891,"children":38054},[38055,38056,38057,38059],{"id":37265,"depth":102,"text":37266},{"id":37361,"depth":102,"text":37362},{"id":37525,"depth":102,"text":38058},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37614,"depth":102,"text":37615},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":38062},[38063,38065,38067,38069],{"id":37968,"depth":102,"text":38064},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37976,"depth":102,"text":38066},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37991,"depth":102,"text":38068},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38004,"depth":102,"text":38070},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36271,"description":38072},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38079,"title":38080,"body":38081,"description":40594,"extension":2509,"meta":40595,"navigation":105,"path":40596,"seo":40597,"stem":40598,"__hash__":40599},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38082,"toc":40551},[38083,38089,38094,38097,38105,38119,38121,38211,38219,38224,38229,38231,38247,38249,38328,38330,38347,38353,38357,38359,38380,38384,38387,38399,38403,38406,38409,38426,38429,38505,38507,38524,38529,38533,38541,38544,38559,38561,38650,38652,38697,38700,38704,38707,38786,38788,38809,38812,38819,38824,38827,38930,38932,38957,38960,38967,38973,38978,38981,38992,39097,39099,39120,39128,39135,39141,39160,39165,39168,39187,39189,39274,39276,39305,39308,39313,39318,39321,39332,39334,39423,39425,39445,39451,39557,39559,39579,39582,39666,39668,39688,39695,39697,39701,39707,39710,39767,39770,39773,39834,39843,39846,39849,39877,39880,39940,39942,39959,39963,39966,40044,40046,40066,40069,40144,40148,40151,40153,40162,40167,40169,40220,40228,40240,40245,40306,40308,40325,40329,40392,40394,40419,40427,40429,40435,40441,40448,40456,40462,40465,40472,40482,40488,40494,40497,40514,40520,40522,40548],[10,38084,13,38086,18],{"id":38085},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,38087,38088],{},"filter()",[20,38090,38091,38093],{},[15,38092,38088],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,38095,38096],{},"It takes:",[173,38098,38099,38102],{},[176,38100,38101],{},"a function that checks each item",[176,38103,38104],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38106,38107,38108,38111,38112,38115,38116,38118],{},"The result is ",[37,38109,38110],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38113,38114],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38117,1518],{}," to see the values.",[42,38120,45],{"id":44},[47,38122,38124],{"className":49,"code":38123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38125,38126,38158,38194],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38127,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38129,1594],{"class":65},[56,38131,1217],{"class":827},[56,38133,1220],{"class":76},[56,38135,529],{"class":80},[56,38137,306],{"class":76},[56,38139,414],{"class":80},[56,38141,306],{"class":76},[56,38143,419],{"class":80},[56,38145,306],{"class":76},[56,38147,424],{"class":80},[56,38149,306],{"class":76},[56,38151,496],{"class":80},[56,38153,306],{"class":76},[56,38155,468],{"class":80},[56,38157,427],{"class":76},[56,38159,38160,38162,38164,38167,38169,38172,38176,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38161,2775],{"class":65},[56,38163,1217],{"class":827},[56,38165,38166],{"class":72}," filter",[56,38168,77],{"class":76},[56,38170,38171],{"class":2610},"lambda",[56,38173,38175],{"class":38174},"sFwrP"," x",[56,38177,1045],{"class":76},[56,38179,4421],{"class":95},[56,38181,6936],{"class":827},[56,38183,414],{"class":80},[56,38185,6941],{"class":827},[56,38187,822],{"class":80},[56,38189,306],{"class":76},[56,38191,4804],{"class":95},[56,38193,99],{"class":76},[56,38195,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38197,373],{"class":72},[56,38199,77],{"class":76},[56,38201,379],{"class":378},[56,38203,77],{"class":76},[56,38205,2809],{"class":95},[56,38207,5901],{"class":76},[56,38209,38210],{"class":112},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38212,38213,38215,38216,38218],{},[15,38214,38088],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38217,1518],{}," to see the results.",[42,38220,160,38222,163],{"id":38221},"what-filter-does",[15,38223,38088],{},[20,38225,38226,38228],{},[15,38227,38088],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38230,2653],{},[173,38232,38233,38236,38242],{},[176,38234,38235],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[176,38237,38238,38239,38241],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38240,4146],{},", the item is kept",[176,38243,38238,38244,38246],{},[15,38245,4215],{},", the item is removed",[20,38248,986],{},[47,38250,38252],{"className":49,"code":38251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38253,38254,38282,38286,38314],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38255,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38257,1594],{"class":65},[56,38259,1217],{"class":827},[56,38261,1220],{"class":76},[56,38263,529],{"class":80},[56,38265,306],{"class":76},[56,38267,414],{"class":80},[56,38269,306],{"class":76},[56,38271,419],{"class":80},[56,38273,306],{"class":76},[56,38275,424],{"class":80},[56,38277,306],{"class":76},[56,38279,496],{"class":80},[56,38281,427],{"class":76},[56,38283,38284],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38285,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,38287,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38289,2775],{"class":65},[56,38291,1217],{"class":827},[56,38293,38166],{"class":72},[56,38295,77],{"class":76},[56,38297,38171],{"class":2610},[56,38299,38175],{"class":38174},[56,38301,1045],{"class":76},[56,38303,4421],{"class":95},[56,38305,4793],{"class":827},[56,38307,419],{"class":80},[56,38309,306],{"class":76},[56,38311,4804],{"class":95},[56,38313,99],{"class":76},[56,38315,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,38317,373],{"class":72},[56,38319,77],{"class":76},[56,38321,379],{"class":378},[56,38323,77],{"class":76},[56,38325,2809],{"class":95},[56,38327,1635],{"class":76},[20,38329,239],{},[47,38331,38333],{"className":49,"code":38332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38334,38335],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38336,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38338,402],{"class":76},[56,38340,1603],{"class":80},[56,38342,306],{"class":76},[56,38344,496],{"class":80},[56,38346,427],{"class":76},[20,38348,38349,38350,38352],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38351,223],{}," are kept.",[42,38354,38356],{"id":38355},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38358,2705],{},[47,38360,38362],{"className":49,"code":38361,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38363,38364],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38365,38366,38368,38370,38373,38375,38378],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38367,38114],{"class":72},[56,38369,77],{"class":76},[56,38371,38372],{"class":95},"function",[56,38374,306],{"class":76},[56,38376,38377],{"class":95}," iterable",[56,38379,99],{"class":76},[353,38381,38382],{"id":38372},[15,38383,38372],{},[20,38385,38386],{},"This is the test function.",[173,38388,38389,38392],{},[176,38390,38391],{},"It receives one item at a time",[176,38393,38394,38395,3422,38397],{},"It should return ",[15,38396,4146],{},[15,38398,4215],{},[353,38400,38401],{"id":4261},[15,38402,4261],{},[20,38404,38405],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38407,38408],{},"It can be:",[173,38410,38411,38414,38417,38420,38423],{},[176,38412,38413],{},"a list",[176,38415,38416],{},"a tuple",[176,38418,38419],{},"a string",[176,38421,38422],{},"a set",[176,38424,38425],{},"another iterable object",[20,38427,38428],{},"Example with a tuple:",[47,38430,38432],{"className":49,"code":38431,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38433,38434,38459,38463,38491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38435,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38437,1594],{"class":65},[56,38439,1217],{"class":827},[56,38441,9768],{"class":76},[56,38443,2291],{"class":80},[56,38445,306],{"class":76},[56,38447,38448],{"class":80}," 15",[56,38450,306],{"class":76},[56,38452,8323],{"class":80},[56,38454,306],{"class":76},[56,38456,9838],{"class":80},[56,38458,99],{"class":76},[56,38460,38461],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38462,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,38464,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38466,2775],{"class":65},[56,38468,1217],{"class":827},[56,38470,38166],{"class":72},[56,38472,77],{"class":76},[56,38474,38171],{"class":2610},[56,38476,38175],{"class":38174},[56,38478,1045],{"class":76},[56,38480,4421],{"class":95},[56,38482,5638],{"class":827},[56,38484,8323],{"class":80},[56,38486,306],{"class":76},[56,38488,4804],{"class":95},[56,38490,99],{"class":76},[56,38492,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,38494,373],{"class":72},[56,38496,77],{"class":76},[56,38498,379],{"class":378},[56,38500,77],{"class":76},[56,38502,2809],{"class":95},[56,38504,1635],{"class":76},[20,38506,239],{},[47,38508,38510],{"className":49,"code":38509,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38511,38512],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38513,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38515,402],{"class":76},[56,38517,16289],{"class":80},[56,38519,306],{"class":76},[56,38521,9838],{"class":80},[56,38523,427],{"class":76},[20,38525,38526,38527,156],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[264,38528,5676],{"href":6125},[42,38530,38532],{"id":38531},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38534,38535,38536,22511,38538,156],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38537,38088],{},[37,38539,38540],{},"filter object",[20,38542,38543],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[173,38545,38546,38549,38554],{},[176,38547,38548],{},"loop through it",[176,38550,38551,38552],{},"convert it with ",[15,38553,1518],{},[176,38555,38551,38556],{},[15,38557,38558],{},"tuple()",[20,38560,986],{},[47,38562,38564],{"className":49,"code":38563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38565,38566,38608,38612,38622,38636],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38567,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604,38606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38569,2775],{"class":65},[56,38571,1217],{"class":827},[56,38573,38166],{"class":72},[56,38575,77],{"class":76},[56,38577,38171],{"class":2610},[56,38579,38175],{"class":38174},[56,38581,1045],{"class":76},[56,38583,4421],{"class":95},[56,38585,4793],{"class":827},[56,38587,414],{"class":80},[56,38589,306],{"class":76},[56,38591,1220],{"class":76},[56,38593,529],{"class":80},[56,38595,306],{"class":76},[56,38597,414],{"class":80},[56,38599,306],{"class":76},[56,38601,419],{"class":80},[56,38603,306],{"class":76},[56,38605,424],{"class":80},[56,38607,1294],{"class":76},[56,38609,38610],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38611,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,38613,38614,38616,38618,38620],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38615,373],{"class":72},[56,38617,77],{"class":76},[56,38619,2809],{"class":95},[56,38621,99],{"class":76},[56,38623,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,38625,373],{"class":72},[56,38627,77],{"class":76},[56,38629,2312],{"class":378},[56,38631,77],{"class":76},[56,38633,2809],{"class":95},[56,38635,1635],{"class":76},[56,38637,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,38639,373],{"class":72},[56,38641,77],{"class":76},[56,38643,379],{"class":378},[56,38645,77],{"class":76},[56,38647,2809],{"class":95},[56,38649,1635],{"class":76},[20,38651,239],{},[47,38653,38655],{"className":49,"code":38654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38656,38657,38671,38685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38658,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38660,3833],{"class":827},[56,38662,38114],{"class":72},[56,38664,2339],{"class":378},[56,38666,37878],{"class":65},[56,38668,37885],{"class":34982},[56,38670,3847],{"class":827},[56,38672,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38674,3833],{"class":827},[56,38676,3836],{"class":2610},[56,38678,3839],{"class":1016},[56,38680,38114],{"class":1020},[56,38682,3844],{"class":1016},[56,38684,3847],{"class":827},[56,38686,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38688,402],{"class":76},[56,38690,223],{"class":80},[56,38692,306],{"class":76},[56,38694,424],{"class":80},[56,38696,427],{"class":76},[20,38698,38699],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[353,38701,38703],{"id":38702},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38705,38706],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[47,38708,38710],{"className":49,"code":38709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38711,38712,38754,38758,38772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38713,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38715,2775],{"class":65},[56,38717,1217],{"class":827},[56,38719,38166],{"class":72},[56,38721,77],{"class":76},[56,38723,38171],{"class":2610},[56,38725,38175],{"class":38174},[56,38727,1045],{"class":76},[56,38729,4421],{"class":95},[56,38731,4793],{"class":827},[56,38733,414],{"class":80},[56,38735,306],{"class":76},[56,38737,1220],{"class":76},[56,38739,529],{"class":80},[56,38741,306],{"class":76},[56,38743,414],{"class":80},[56,38745,306],{"class":76},[56,38747,419],{"class":80},[56,38749,306],{"class":76},[56,38751,424],{"class":80},[56,38753,1294],{"class":76},[56,38755,38756],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38757,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,38759,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38761,373],{"class":72},[56,38763,77],{"class":76},[56,38765,379],{"class":378},[56,38767,77],{"class":76},[56,38769,2809],{"class":95},[56,38771,1635],{"class":76},[56,38773,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,38775,373],{"class":72},[56,38777,77],{"class":76},[56,38779,379],{"class":378},[56,38781,77],{"class":76},[56,38783,2809],{"class":95},[56,38785,1635],{"class":76},[20,38787,239],{},[47,38789,38791],{"className":49,"code":38790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38792,38793,38805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38794,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38796,402],{"class":76},[56,38798,223],{"class":80},[56,38800,306],{"class":76},[56,38802,424],{"class":80},[56,38804,427],{"class":76},[56,38806,38807],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38808,907],{"class":76},[20,38810,38811],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[42,38813,958,38815,9236,38817],{"id":38814},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38816,38088],{},[15,38818,38171],{},[20,38820,15723,38821,38823],{},[15,38822,38171],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38825,38826],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[47,38828,38830],{"className":49,"code":38829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38831,38832,38874,38878,38916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38833,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38870,38872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38835,4610],{"class":65},[56,38837,1217],{"class":827},[56,38839,1220],{"class":76},[56,38841,1017],{"class":1016},[56,38843,4619],{"class":1020},[56,38845,1017],{"class":1016},[56,38847,306],{"class":76},[56,38849,1231],{"class":1016},[56,38851,38852],{"class":1020},"kiwi",[56,38854,1017],{"class":1016},[56,38856,306],{"class":76},[56,38858,1231],{"class":1016},[56,38860,4628],{"class":1020},[56,38862,1017],{"class":1016},[56,38864,306],{"class":76},[56,38866,1231],{"class":1016},[56,38868,38869],{"class":1020},"fig",[56,38871,1017],{"class":1016},[56,38873,427],{"class":76},[56,38875,38876],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,38877,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,38879,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38893,38895,38898,38900,38903,38905,38908,38910,38912,38914],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38881,2775],{"class":65},[56,38883,1217],{"class":827},[56,38885,38166],{"class":72},[56,38887,77],{"class":76},[56,38889,38171],{"class":2610},[56,38891,38892],{"class":38174}," word",[56,38894,1045],{"class":76},[56,38896,38897],{"class":72}," len",[56,38899,77],{"class":76},[56,38901,38902],{"class":95},"word",[56,38904,4202],{"class":76},[56,38906,38907],{"class":827}," >",[56,38909,424],{"class":80},[56,38911,306],{"class":76},[56,38913,6703],{"class":95},[56,38915,99],{"class":76},[56,38917,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,38919,373],{"class":72},[56,38921,77],{"class":76},[56,38923,379],{"class":378},[56,38925,77],{"class":76},[56,38927,2809],{"class":95},[56,38929,1635],{"class":76},[20,38931,239],{},[47,38933,38935],{"className":49,"code":38934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38936,38937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38938,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38940,402],{"class":76},[56,38942,3844],{"class":1016},[56,38944,4619],{"class":1020},[56,38946,3844],{"class":1016},[56,38948,306],{"class":76},[56,38950,3839],{"class":1016},[56,38952,4628],{"class":1020},[56,38954,3844],{"class":1016},[56,38956,427],{"class":76},[20,38958,38959],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38961,38962,38963,156],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[264,38964,38966],{"href":38965},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[42,38968,958,38970,38972],{"id":38969},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38971,38088],{}," with a named function",[20,38974,38975,38976,156],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38977,38171],{},[20,38979,38980],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[173,38982,38983,38986,38989],{},[176,38984,38985],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[176,38987,38988],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[176,38990,38991],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[47,38993,38995],{"className":49,"code":38994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38996,38997,39010,39024,39028,39060,39079,39083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38998,38999,39001,39004,39006,39008],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39000,35381],{"class":2610},[56,39002,39003],{"class":35384}," is_even",[56,39005,77],{"class":76},[56,39007,234],{"class":38174},[56,39009,84],{"class":76},[56,39011,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39013,35392],{"class":62},[56,39015,214],{"class":65},[56,39017,6936],{"class":827},[56,39019,414],{"class":80},[56,39021,6941],{"class":827},[56,39023,1048],{"class":80},[56,39025,39026],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39027,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,39029,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,39031,1594],{"class":65},[56,39033,1217],{"class":827},[56,39035,1220],{"class":76},[56,39037,529],{"class":80},[56,39039,306],{"class":76},[56,39041,414],{"class":80},[56,39043,306],{"class":76},[56,39045,419],{"class":80},[56,39047,306],{"class":76},[56,39049,424],{"class":80},[56,39051,306],{"class":76},[56,39053,496],{"class":80},[56,39055,306],{"class":76},[56,39057,468],{"class":80},[56,39059,427],{"class":76},[56,39061,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39073,39075,39077],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,39063,2775],{"class":65},[56,39065,1217],{"class":827},[56,39067,38166],{"class":72},[56,39069,77],{"class":76},[56,39071,39072],{"class":95},"is_even",[56,39074,306],{"class":76},[56,39076,4804],{"class":95},[56,39078,99],{"class":76},[56,39080,39081],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,39082,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,39084,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,39086,373],{"class":72},[56,39088,77],{"class":76},[56,39090,379],{"class":378},[56,39092,77],{"class":76},[56,39094,2809],{"class":95},[56,39096,1635],{"class":76},[20,39098,239],{},[47,39100,39102],{"className":49,"code":39101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39103,39104],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39105,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39107,402],{"class":76},[56,39109,463],{"class":80},[56,39111,306],{"class":76},[56,39113,424],{"class":80},[56,39115,306],{"class":76},[56,39117,468],{"class":80},[56,39119,427],{"class":76},[20,39121,21306,39122,2942,39125,39127],{},[15,39123,39124],{},"is_even()",[15,39126,4146],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[42,39129,958,39131,9236,39133],{"id":39130},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39132,4319],{},[15,39134,38088],{},[20,39136,39137,39138,39140],{},"You can pass ",[15,39139,4319],{}," as the first argument:",[47,39142,39144],{"className":49,"code":39143,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39145,39146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39147,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39149,38114],{"class":72},[56,39151,77],{"class":76},[56,39153,4319],{"class":4393},[56,39155,306],{"class":76},[56,39157,38377],{"class":95},[56,39159,99],{"class":76},[20,39161,39162,39163,7872],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[37,39164,6135],{},[20,39166,39167],{},"Falsy values include:",[173,39169,39170,39174,39179,39183],{},[176,39171,39172],{},[15,39173,152],{},[176,39175,39176,39178],{},[15,39177,4314],{}," (empty string)",[176,39180,39181],{},[15,39182,4319],{},[176,39184,39185],{},[15,39186,4215],{},[20,39188,986],{},[47,39190,39192],{"className":49,"code":39191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39193,39194,39238,39242,39260],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39195,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39197,1214],{"class":65},[56,39199,1217],{"class":827},[56,39201,1220],{"class":76},[56,39203,152],{"class":80},[56,39205,306],{"class":76},[56,39207,409],{"class":80},[56,39209,306],{"class":76},[56,39211,6661],{"class":1016},[56,39213,306],{"class":76},[56,39215,1231],{"class":1016},[56,39217,4386],{"class":1020},[56,39219,1017],{"class":1016},[56,39221,306],{"class":76},[56,39223,4394],{"class":4393},[56,39225,306],{"class":76},[56,39227,4455],{"class":4393},[56,39229,306],{"class":76},[56,39231,4446],{"class":4393},[56,39233,306],{"class":76},[56,39235,496],{"class":80},[56,39237,427],{"class":76},[56,39239,39240],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39241,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,39243,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39245,2775],{"class":65},[56,39247,1217],{"class":827},[56,39249,38166],{"class":72},[56,39251,77],{"class":76},[56,39253,4319],{"class":4393},[56,39255,306],{"class":76},[56,39257,1287],{"class":95},[56,39259,99],{"class":76},[56,39261,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,39263,373],{"class":72},[56,39265,77],{"class":76},[56,39267,379],{"class":378},[56,39269,77],{"class":76},[56,39271,2809],{"class":95},[56,39273,1635],{"class":76},[20,39275,239],{},[47,39277,39279],{"className":49,"code":39278,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39280,39281],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39282,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39284,402],{"class":76},[56,39286,529],{"class":80},[56,39288,306],{"class":76},[56,39290,3839],{"class":1016},[56,39292,4386],{"class":1020},[56,39294,3844],{"class":1016},[56,39296,306],{"class":76},[56,39298,4455],{"class":4393},[56,39300,306],{"class":76},[56,39302,496],{"class":80},[56,39304,427],{"class":76},[20,39306,39307],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[42,39309,5500,39311],{"id":39310},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39312,38088],{},[20,39314,2638,39315,39317],{},[15,39316,38088],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39319,39320],{},"It works well for:",[173,39322,39323,39326,39329],{},[176,39324,39325],{},"simple filtering rules",[176,39327,39328],{},"quick data cleaning",[176,39330,39331],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39333,986],{},[47,39335,39337],{"className":49,"code":39336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39338,39339,39371,39404,39408],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39340,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39342,1594],{"class":65},[56,39344,1217],{"class":827},[56,39346,1220],{"class":76},[56,39348,529],{"class":80},[56,39350,306],{"class":76},[56,39352,414],{"class":80},[56,39354,306],{"class":76},[56,39356,419],{"class":80},[56,39358,306],{"class":76},[56,39360,424],{"class":80},[56,39362,306],{"class":76},[56,39364,496],{"class":80},[56,39366,306],{"class":76},[56,39368,468],{"class":80},[56,39370,427],{"class":76},[56,39372,39373,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39374,39375],{"class":65},"evens ",[56,39377,1217],{"class":827},[56,39379,38166],{"class":72},[56,39381,77],{"class":76},[56,39383,38171],{"class":2610},[56,39385,38175],{"class":38174},[56,39387,1045],{"class":76},[56,39389,4421],{"class":95},[56,39391,6936],{"class":827},[56,39393,414],{"class":80},[56,39395,6941],{"class":827},[56,39397,822],{"class":80},[56,39399,306],{"class":76},[56,39401,4804],{"class":95},[56,39403,99],{"class":76},[56,39405,39406],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39407,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,39409,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39421],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,39411,373],{"class":72},[56,39413,77],{"class":76},[56,39415,379],{"class":378},[56,39417,77],{"class":76},[56,39419,39420],{"class":95},"evens",[56,39422,1635],{"class":76},[20,39424,239],{},[47,39426,39427],{"className":49,"code":39101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39428,39429],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39430,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39432,402],{"class":76},[56,39434,463],{"class":80},[56,39436,306],{"class":76},[56,39438,424],{"class":80},[56,39440,306],{"class":76},[56,39442,468],{"class":80},[56,39444,427],{"class":76},[20,39446,39447,39448,39450],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39449,31],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[47,39452,39454],{"className":49,"code":39453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39455,39456,39488,39496,39500,39512,39528,39543,39547],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39457,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39459,1594],{"class":65},[56,39461,1217],{"class":827},[56,39463,1220],{"class":76},[56,39465,529],{"class":80},[56,39467,306],{"class":76},[56,39469,414],{"class":80},[56,39471,306],{"class":76},[56,39473,419],{"class":80},[56,39475,306],{"class":76},[56,39477,424],{"class":80},[56,39479,306],{"class":76},[56,39481,496],{"class":80},[56,39483,306],{"class":76},[56,39485,468],{"class":80},[56,39487,427],{"class":76},[56,39489,39490,39492,39494],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39491,39375],{"class":65},[56,39493,1217],{"class":827},[56,39495,8371],{"class":76},[56,39497,39498],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39499,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,39501,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,39503,31],{"class":62},[56,39505,214],{"class":65},[56,39507,69],{"class":62},[56,39509,4804],{"class":65},[56,39511,1390],{"class":76},[56,39513,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,39515,6931],{"class":62},[56,39517,214],{"class":65},[56,39519,6936],{"class":827},[56,39521,414],{"class":80},[56,39523,6941],{"class":827},[56,39525,822],{"class":80},[56,39527,1390],{"class":76},[56,39529,39530,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,39531,39532],{"class":65},"        evens",[56,39534,156],{"class":76},[56,39536,14087],{"class":95},[56,39538,77],{"class":76},[56,39540,234],{"class":95},[56,39542,99],{"class":76},[56,39544,39545],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,39546,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,39548,39549,39551,39553,39555],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,39550,373],{"class":72},[56,39552,77],{"class":76},[56,39554,39420],{"class":95},[56,39556,99],{"class":76},[20,39558,239],{},[47,39560,39561],{"className":49,"code":39101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39562,39563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39564,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39566,402],{"class":76},[56,39568,463],{"class":80},[56,39570,306],{"class":76},[56,39572,424],{"class":80},[56,39574,306],{"class":76},[56,39576,468],{"class":80},[56,39578,427],{"class":76},[20,39580,39581],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[47,39583,39585],{"className":49,"code":39584,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39586,39587,39619,39652,39656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39588,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39590,1594],{"class":65},[56,39592,1217],{"class":827},[56,39594,1220],{"class":76},[56,39596,529],{"class":80},[56,39598,306],{"class":76},[56,39600,414],{"class":80},[56,39602,306],{"class":76},[56,39604,419],{"class":80},[56,39606,306],{"class":76},[56,39608,424],{"class":80},[56,39610,306],{"class":76},[56,39612,496],{"class":80},[56,39614,306],{"class":76},[56,39616,468],{"class":80},[56,39618,427],{"class":76},[56,39620,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39622,39375],{"class":65},[56,39624,1217],{"class":827},[56,39626,1220],{"class":76},[56,39628,2763],{"class":65},[56,39630,31],{"class":62},[56,39632,214],{"class":65},[56,39634,69],{"class":62},[56,39636,39637],{"class":65}," numbers ",[56,39639,7529],{"class":62},[56,39641,214],{"class":65},[56,39643,6936],{"class":827},[56,39645,414],{"class":80},[56,39647,6941],{"class":827},[56,39649,822],{"class":80},[56,39651,427],{"class":76},[56,39653,39654],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39655,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,39657,39658,39660,39662,39664],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,39659,373],{"class":72},[56,39661,77],{"class":76},[56,39663,39420],{"class":95},[56,39665,99],{"class":76},[20,39667,239],{},[47,39669,39670],{"className":49,"code":39101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39671,39672],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39673,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39675,402],{"class":76},[56,39677,463],{"class":80},[56,39679,306],{"class":76},[56,39681,424],{"class":80},[56,39683,306],{"class":76},[56,39685,468],{"class":80},[56,39687,427],{"class":76},[20,39689,39690,39691,156],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[264,39692,39694],{"href":39693},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[42,39696,3374],{"id":3373},[20,39698,15268,39699,156],{},[15,39700,38088],{},[353,39702,8983,39704,39706],{"id":39703},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39705,38088],{}," to return a list",[20,39708,39709],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[47,39711,39713],{"className":49,"code":39712,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39714,39715,39757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39716,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39718,2775],{"class":65},[56,39720,1217],{"class":827},[56,39722,38166],{"class":72},[56,39724,77],{"class":76},[56,39726,38171],{"class":2610},[56,39728,38175],{"class":38174},[56,39730,1045],{"class":76},[56,39732,4421],{"class":95},[56,39734,4793],{"class":827},[56,39736,414],{"class":80},[56,39738,306],{"class":76},[56,39740,1220],{"class":76},[56,39742,529],{"class":80},[56,39744,306],{"class":76},[56,39746,414],{"class":80},[56,39748,306],{"class":76},[56,39750,419],{"class":80},[56,39752,306],{"class":76},[56,39754,424],{"class":80},[56,39756,1294],{"class":76},[56,39758,39759,39761,39763,39765],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39760,373],{"class":72},[56,39762,77],{"class":76},[56,39764,2809],{"class":95},[56,39766,99],{"class":76},[20,39768,39769],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39771,39772],{},"Fix:",[47,39774,39776],{"className":49,"code":39775,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39777,39778,39820],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39779,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39781,2775],{"class":65},[56,39783,1217],{"class":827},[56,39785,38166],{"class":72},[56,39787,77],{"class":76},[56,39789,38171],{"class":2610},[56,39791,38175],{"class":38174},[56,39793,1045],{"class":76},[56,39795,4421],{"class":95},[56,39797,4793],{"class":827},[56,39799,414],{"class":80},[56,39801,306],{"class":76},[56,39803,1220],{"class":76},[56,39805,529],{"class":80},[56,39807,306],{"class":76},[56,39809,414],{"class":80},[56,39811,306],{"class":76},[56,39813,419],{"class":80},[56,39815,306],{"class":76},[56,39817,424],{"class":80},[56,39819,1294],{"class":76},[56,39821,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39823,373],{"class":72},[56,39825,77],{"class":76},[56,39827,379],{"class":378},[56,39829,77],{"class":76},[56,39831,2809],{"class":95},[56,39833,1635],{"class":76},[353,39835,39837,39838,3422,39840,39842],{"id":39836},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39839,4146],{},[15,39841,4215],{}," clearly",[20,39844,39845],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39847,39848],{},"Good example:",[47,39850,39852],{"className":49,"code":39851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39853,39854,39867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39855,39856,39858,39861,39863,39865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39857,35381],{"class":2610},[56,39859,39860],{"class":35384}," is_positive",[56,39862,77],{"class":76},[56,39864,234],{"class":38174},[56,39866,84],{"class":76},[56,39868,39869,39871,39873,39875],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39870,35392],{"class":62},[56,39872,214],{"class":65},[56,39874,4793],{"class":827},[56,39876,1048],{"class":80},[20,39878,39879],{},"Then use it with:",[47,39881,39883],{"className":49,"code":39882,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39884,39885,39917],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39886,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39888,1594],{"class":65},[56,39890,1217],{"class":827},[56,39892,1220],{"class":76},[56,39894,2568],{"class":827},[56,39896,463],{"class":80},[56,39898,306],{"class":76},[56,39900,828],{"class":827},[56,39902,529],{"class":80},[56,39904,306],{"class":76},[56,39906,822],{"class":80},[56,39908,306],{"class":76},[56,39910,409],{"class":80},[56,39912,306],{"class":76},[56,39914,414],{"class":80},[56,39916,427],{"class":76},[56,39918,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39934,39936,39938],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,39920,373],{"class":72},[56,39922,77],{"class":76},[56,39924,379],{"class":378},[56,39926,77],{"class":76},[56,39928,38114],{"class":72},[56,39930,77],{"class":76},[56,39932,39933],{"class":95},"is_positive",[56,39935,306],{"class":76},[56,39937,4804],{"class":95},[56,39939,390],{"class":76},[20,39941,239],{},[47,39943,39945],{"className":49,"code":39944,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39946,39947],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39948,39949,39951,39953,39955,39957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39950,402],{"class":76},[56,39952,529],{"class":80},[56,39954,306],{"class":76},[56,39956,414],{"class":80},[56,39958,427],{"class":76},[353,39960,39962],{"id":39961},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39964,39965],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[47,39967,39968],{"className":49,"code":38709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39969,39970,40012,40016,40030],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39971,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39973,2775],{"class":65},[56,39975,1217],{"class":827},[56,39977,38166],{"class":72},[56,39979,77],{"class":76},[56,39981,38171],{"class":2610},[56,39983,38175],{"class":38174},[56,39985,1045],{"class":76},[56,39987,4421],{"class":95},[56,39989,4793],{"class":827},[56,39991,414],{"class":80},[56,39993,306],{"class":76},[56,39995,1220],{"class":76},[56,39997,529],{"class":80},[56,39999,306],{"class":76},[56,40001,414],{"class":80},[56,40003,306],{"class":76},[56,40005,419],{"class":80},[56,40007,306],{"class":76},[56,40009,424],{"class":80},[56,40011,1294],{"class":76},[56,40013,40014],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40015,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,40017,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40019,373],{"class":72},[56,40021,77],{"class":76},[56,40023,379],{"class":378},[56,40025,77],{"class":76},[56,40027,2809],{"class":95},[56,40029,1635],{"class":76},[56,40031,40032,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,40033,373],{"class":72},[56,40035,77],{"class":76},[56,40037,379],{"class":378},[56,40039,77],{"class":76},[56,40041,2809],{"class":95},[56,40043,1635],{"class":76},[20,40045,239],{},[47,40047,40048],{"className":49,"code":38790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,40049,40050,40062],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40051,40052,40054,40056,40058,40060],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40053,402],{"class":76},[56,40055,223],{"class":80},[56,40057,306],{"class":76},[56,40059,424],{"class":80},[56,40061,427],{"class":76},[56,40063,40064],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40065,907],{"class":76},[20,40067,40068],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[47,40070,40072],{"className":49,"code":40071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,40073,40074,40120,40124,40134],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40075,40076,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40094,40096,40098,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114,40116,40118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40077,2775],{"class":65},[56,40079,1217],{"class":827},[56,40081,23096],{"class":378},[56,40083,77],{"class":76},[56,40085,38114],{"class":72},[56,40087,77],{"class":76},[56,40089,38171],{"class":2610},[56,40091,38175],{"class":38174},[56,40093,1045],{"class":76},[56,40095,4421],{"class":95},[56,40097,4793],{"class":827},[56,40099,414],{"class":80},[56,40101,306],{"class":76},[56,40103,1220],{"class":76},[56,40105,529],{"class":80},[56,40107,306],{"class":76},[56,40109,414],{"class":80},[56,40111,306],{"class":76},[56,40113,419],{"class":80},[56,40115,306],{"class":76},[56,40117,424],{"class":80},[56,40119,3541],{"class":76},[56,40121,40122],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40123,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,40125,40126,40128,40130,40132],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40127,373],{"class":72},[56,40129,77],{"class":76},[56,40131,2809],{"class":95},[56,40133,99],{"class":76},[56,40135,40136,40138,40140,40142],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,40137,373],{"class":72},[56,40139,77],{"class":76},[56,40141,2809],{"class":95},[56,40143,99],{"class":76},[353,40145,40147],{"id":40146},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40149,40150],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40152,17179],{},[47,40154,40156],{"className":49,"code":40155,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40157,40158],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40159,40160],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40161,40155],{"class":112},[20,40163,40164,40165,7082],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40166,2291],{},[20,40168,17191],{},[47,40170,40172],{"className":49,"code":40171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40173,40174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40175,40176,40178,40180,40182,40184,40186,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196,40198,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40212,40214,40216,40218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40177,373],{"class":72},[56,40179,77],{"class":76},[56,40181,379],{"class":378},[56,40183,77],{"class":76},[56,40185,38114],{"class":72},[56,40187,77],{"class":76},[56,40189,38171],{"class":2610},[56,40191,38175],{"class":38174},[56,40193,1045],{"class":76},[56,40195,4421],{"class":95},[56,40197,4793],{"class":827},[56,40199,414],{"class":80},[56,40201,306],{"class":76},[56,40203,1220],{"class":76},[56,40205,529],{"class":80},[56,40207,306],{"class":76},[56,40209,414],{"class":80},[56,40211,306],{"class":76},[56,40213,419],{"class":80},[56,40215,306],{"class":76},[56,40217,424],{"class":80},[56,40219,37779],{"class":76},[353,40221,37718,40223,9236,40225],{"id":40222},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40224,38088],{},[15,40226,40227],{},"map()",[173,40229,40230,40235],{},[176,40231,40232,40234],{},[15,40233,38088],{}," keeps or removes items",[176,40236,40237,40239],{},[15,40238,40227],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40241,40242,40243,1045],{},"Example of ",[15,40244,38088],{},[47,40246,40248],{"className":49,"code":40247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40249,40250,40274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40251,40252,40254,40256,40258,40260,40262,40264,40266,40268,40270,40272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40253,1594],{"class":65},[56,40255,1217],{"class":827},[56,40257,1220],{"class":76},[56,40259,529],{"class":80},[56,40261,306],{"class":76},[56,40263,414],{"class":80},[56,40265,306],{"class":76},[56,40267,419],{"class":80},[56,40269,306],{"class":76},[56,40271,424],{"class":80},[56,40273,427],{"class":76},[56,40275,40276,40278,40280,40282,40284,40286,40288,40290,40292,40294,40296,40298,40300,40302,40304],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40277,373],{"class":72},[56,40279,77],{"class":76},[56,40281,379],{"class":378},[56,40283,77],{"class":76},[56,40285,38114],{"class":72},[56,40287,77],{"class":76},[56,40289,38171],{"class":2610},[56,40291,38175],{"class":38174},[56,40293,1045],{"class":76},[56,40295,4421],{"class":95},[56,40297,4793],{"class":827},[56,40299,414],{"class":80},[56,40301,306],{"class":76},[56,40303,4804],{"class":95},[56,40305,390],{"class":76},[20,40307,239],{},[47,40309,40311],{"className":49,"code":40310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40312,40313],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40314,40315,40317,40319,40321,40323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40316,402],{"class":76},[56,40318,223],{"class":80},[56,40320,306],{"class":76},[56,40322,424],{"class":80},[56,40324,427],{"class":76},[20,40326,40242,40327,1045],{},[15,40328,40227],{},[47,40330,40332],{"className":49,"code":40331,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40333,40334,40358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40335,40336,40338,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350,40352,40354,40356],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40337,1594],{"class":65},[56,40339,1217],{"class":827},[56,40341,1220],{"class":76},[56,40343,529],{"class":80},[56,40345,306],{"class":76},[56,40347,414],{"class":80},[56,40349,306],{"class":76},[56,40351,419],{"class":80},[56,40353,306],{"class":76},[56,40355,424],{"class":80},[56,40357,427],{"class":76},[56,40359,40360,40362,40364,40366,40368,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40384,40386,40388,40390],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40361,373],{"class":72},[56,40363,77],{"class":76},[56,40365,379],{"class":378},[56,40367,77],{"class":76},[56,40369,40370],{"class":72},"map",[56,40372,77],{"class":76},[56,40374,38171],{"class":2610},[56,40376,38175],{"class":38174},[56,40378,1045],{"class":76},[56,40380,4421],{"class":95},[56,40382,40383],{"class":827},"*",[56,40385,414],{"class":80},[56,40387,306],{"class":76},[56,40389,4804],{"class":95},[56,40391,390],{"class":76},[20,40393,239],{},[47,40395,40397],{"className":49,"code":40396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40398,40399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40400,40401,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40402,402],{"class":76},[56,40404,463],{"class":80},[56,40406,306],{"class":76},[56,40408,424],{"class":80},[56,40410,306],{"class":76},[56,40412,468],{"class":80},[56,40414,306],{"class":76},[56,40416,2272],{"class":80},[56,40418,427],{"class":76},[20,40420,40421,40422,156],{},"For the related function, see ",[264,40423,13,40425,2430],{"href":40424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40426,40227],{},[42,40428,2343],{"id":2342},[353,40430,2347,40432,40434],{"id":40431},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40433,38088],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40436,40437,40438,40440],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40439,1518],{}," if needed.",[353,40442,40444,40445,40447],{"id":40443},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40446,38088],{}," need to return?",[20,40449,38394,40450,40452,40453,40455],{},[15,40451,4146],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40454,4215],{}," to remove it.",[353,40457,28859,40459,40461],{"id":40458},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40460,38088],{}," without lambda?",[20,40463,40464],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[353,40466,5682,40468,40471],{"id":40467},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40469,40470],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40473,40474,40475,40477,40478,17607,40480,156],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40476,152],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40479,4319],{},[15,40481,4215],{},[353,40483,21956,40485,40487],{"id":40484},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40486,38088],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40489,40490,40491,40493],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40492,31],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40495,40496],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[173,40498,40499,40505,40511],{},[176,40500,40501,40502,40504],{},"use ",[15,40503,38088],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[176,40506,40507,40508,40510],{},"use a ",[15,40509,31],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[176,40512,40513],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40515,40516,40517,156],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[264,40518,5672],{"href":40519},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[42,40521,2417],{"id":2416},[173,40523,40524,40529,40533,40538,40544],{},[176,40525,40526],{},[264,40527,40528],{"href":38965},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[176,40530,40531],{},[264,40532,5760],{"href":40519},[176,40534,40535],{},[264,40536,40537],{"href":39693},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[176,40539,40540],{},[264,40541,13,40542,2430],{"href":40424},[15,40543,40227],{},[176,40545,40546],{},[264,40547,5755],{"href":6125},[2451,40549,40550],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":40552},[40553,40554,40556,40560,40563,40565,40567,40569,40571,40581,40593],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":38221,"depth":87,"text":40555},"What filter() does",{"id":38355,"depth":87,"text":38356,"children":40557},[40558,40559],{"id":38372,"depth":102,"text":38372},{"id":4261,"depth":102,"text":4261},{"id":38531,"depth":87,"text":38532,"children":40561},[40562],{"id":38702,"depth":102,"text":38703},{"id":38814,"depth":87,"text":40564},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38969,"depth":87,"text":40566},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39130,"depth":87,"text":40568},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39310,"depth":87,"text":40570},"When to use filter()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":40572},[40573,40575,40577,40578,40579],{"id":39703,"depth":102,"text":40574},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39836,"depth":102,"text":40576},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39961,"depth":102,"text":39962},{"id":40146,"depth":102,"text":40147},{"id":40222,"depth":102,"text":40580},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":40582},[40583,40585,40587,40589,40591],{"id":40431,"depth":102,"text":40584},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40443,"depth":102,"text":40586},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40458,"depth":102,"text":40588},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40467,"depth":102,"text":40590},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40484,"depth":102,"text":40592},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38080,"description":40594},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40601,"title":40602,"body":40603,"description":42753,"extension":2509,"meta":42754,"navigation":105,"path":42755,"seo":42756,"stem":42757,"__hash__":42758},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40604,"toc":42707},[40605,40608,40613,40619,40621,40673,40675,40694,40699,40703,40708,40711,40726,40729,40751,40753,40802,40804,40828,40830,40832,40847,40852,40860,40875,40877,40886,40889,40924,40928,40933,40937,40944,40979,40981,40997,41001,41004,41045,41047,41061,41065,41068,41092,41094,41103,41107,41110,41143,41145,41158,41162,41168,41187,41189,41197,41201,41206,41210,41215,41238,41240,41269,41272,41291,41295,41298,41325,41327,41361,41365,41368,41392,41396,41407,41409,41414,41420,41422,41506,41508,41550,41553,41557,41564,41573,41629,41636,41645,41650,41654,41725,41727,41736,41740,41743,41787,41789,41798,41802,41808,41858,41862,41867,41871,41895,41897,41906,41910,41934,41936,41947,41951,41975,41977,41986,41989,42006,42012,42016,42022,42025,42030,42033,42054,42056,42088,42091,42096,42098,42109,42111,42155,42159,42166,42218,42220,42229,42233,42236,42329,42332,42356,42360,42363,42454,42459,42463,42470,42475,42499,42501,42510,42515,42538,42540,42548,42555,42578,42586,42588,42600,42610,42612,42616,42623,42627,42636,42640,42647,42651,42655,42659,42672,42674,42704],[10,40606,40602],{"id":40607},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40609,9654,40610,40612],{},[15,40611,3428],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40614,40615,40616,40618],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40617,3428],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[42,40620,45],{"id":44},[47,40622,40624],{"className":49,"code":40623,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40625,40626,40640,40659],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40627,40628,40630,40632,40634,40636,40638],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40629,373],{"class":72},[56,40631,77],{"class":76},[56,40633,2738],{"class":378},[56,40635,77],{"class":76},[56,40637,81],{"class":80},[56,40639,1635],{"class":76},[56,40641,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652,40655,40657],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40643,373],{"class":72},[56,40645,77],{"class":76},[56,40647,2738],{"class":378},[56,40649,77],{"class":76},[56,40651,1017],{"class":1016},[56,40653,40654],{"class":1020},"3.14",[56,40656,1017],{"class":1016},[56,40658,1635],{"class":76},[56,40660,40661,40663,40665,40667,40669,40671],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40662,373],{"class":72},[56,40664,77],{"class":76},[56,40666,2738],{"class":378},[56,40668,77],{"class":76},[56,40670,4146],{"class":4393},[56,40672,1635],{"class":76},[20,40674,239],{},[47,40676,40678],{"className":49,"code":40677,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40679,40680,40684,40689],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40681,40682],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40683,3024],{"class":80},[56,40685,40686],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40687,40688],{"class":80},"3.14\n",[56,40690,40691],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40692,40693],{"class":80},"1.0\n",[20,40695,2638,40696,40698],{},[15,40697,3428],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[42,40700,40702],{"id":40701},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40704,40705,40707],{},[15,40706,3428],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40709,40710],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[173,40712,40713,40717,40721],{},[176,40714,40715],{},[15,40716,3036],{},[176,40718,40719],{},[15,40720,40654],{},[176,40722,40723],{},[15,40724,40725],{},"0.5",[20,40727,40728],{},"A few key points:",[173,40730,40731,40738,40741,40744],{},[176,40732,40733,40735,40736],{},[15,40734,3428],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40737,2738],{},[176,40739,40740],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[176,40742,40743],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[176,40745,40746,40747],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[264,40748,40749],{"href":8751},[15,40750,1871],{},[20,40752,986],{},[47,40754,40756],{"className":49,"code":40755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40757,40758,40778,40788],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40759,40760,40762,40764,40767,40769,40771,40774,40776],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40761,2763],{"class":65},[56,40763,1217],{"class":827},[56,40765,40766],{"class":378}," float",[56,40768,77],{"class":76},[56,40770,1017],{"class":1016},[56,40772,40773],{"class":1020},"2.75",[56,40775,1017],{"class":1016},[56,40777,99],{"class":76},[56,40779,40780,40782,40784,40786],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40781,373],{"class":72},[56,40783,77],{"class":76},[56,40785,234],{"class":95},[56,40787,99],{"class":76},[56,40789,40790,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40791,373],{"class":72},[56,40793,77],{"class":76},[56,40795,2312],{"class":378},[56,40797,77],{"class":76},[56,40799,234],{"class":95},[56,40801,1635],{"class":76},[20,40803,239],{},[47,40805,40807],{"className":49,"code":40806,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40808,40809,40814],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40810,40811],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40812,40813],{"class":80},"2.75\n",[56,40815,40816,40818,40820,40822,40824,40826],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40817,3833],{"class":827},[56,40819,3836],{"class":2610},[56,40821,3839],{"class":1016},[56,40823,2738],{"class":1020},[56,40825,3844],{"class":1016},[56,40827,3847],{"class":827},[42,40829,2702],{"id":2701},[20,40831,7750],{},[47,40833,40835],{"className":49,"code":40834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"float(value)\n",[15,40836,40837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40838,40839,40841,40843,40845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40840,2738],{"class":378},[56,40842,77],{"class":76},[56,40844,3017],{"class":95},[56,40846,99],{"class":76},[20,40848,40849,40850,156],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40851,3428],{},[20,40853,40854,40855,40857,40858,1045],{},"If you call ",[15,40856,3428],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40859,4309],{},[47,40861,40863],{"className":49,"code":40862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float())\n",[15,40864,40865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40866,40867,40869,40871,40873],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40868,373],{"class":72},[56,40870,77],{"class":76},[56,40872,2738],{"class":378},[56,40874,7726],{"class":76},[20,40876,239],{},[47,40878,40880],{"className":49,"code":40879,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0.0\n",[15,40881,40882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40883,40884],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40885,40879],{"class":80},[20,40887,40888],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[47,40890,40892],{"className":49,"code":40891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40893,40894,40914],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40895,40896,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907,40910,40912],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40897,40898],{"class":65},"price ",[56,40900,1217],{"class":827},[56,40902,40766],{"class":378},[56,40904,77],{"class":76},[56,40906,1017],{"class":1016},[56,40908,40909],{"class":1020},"19.99",[56,40911,1017],{"class":1016},[56,40913,99],{"class":76},[56,40915,40916,40918,40920,40922],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40917,373],{"class":72},[56,40919,77],{"class":76},[56,40921,25683],{"class":95},[56,40923,99],{"class":76},[42,40925,40927],{"id":40926},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40929,40930,40932],{},[15,40931,3428],{}," can convert several common value types.",[353,40934,40936],{"id":40935},"integers","Integers",[20,40938,40939,40940,40943],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40941,40942],{},".0"," added:",[47,40945,40947],{"className":49,"code":40946,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40948,40949,40963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40950,40951,40953,40955,40957,40959,40961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40952,373],{"class":72},[56,40954,77],{"class":76},[56,40956,2738],{"class":378},[56,40958,77],{"class":76},[56,40960,81],{"class":80},[56,40962,1635],{"class":76},[56,40964,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975,40977],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40966,373],{"class":72},[56,40968,77],{"class":76},[56,40970,2738],{"class":378},[56,40972,77],{"class":76},[56,40974,2568],{"class":827},[56,40976,463],{"class":80},[56,40978,1635],{"class":76},[20,40980,239],{},[47,40982,40984],{"className":49,"code":40983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40985,40986,40990],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40987,40988],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40989,3024],{"class":80},[56,40991,40992,40994],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,40993,2568],{"class":827},[56,40995,40996],{"class":80},"2.0\n",[353,40998,41000],{"id":40999},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,41002,41003],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[47,41005,41007],{"className":49,"code":41006,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,41008,41009,41027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41010,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41012,373],{"class":72},[56,41014,77],{"class":76},[56,41016,2738],{"class":378},[56,41018,77],{"class":76},[56,41020,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41022,40654],{"class":1020},[56,41024,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41026,1635],{"class":76},[56,41028,41029,41031,41033,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41030,373],{"class":72},[56,41032,77],{"class":76},[56,41034,2738],{"class":378},[56,41036,77],{"class":76},[56,41038,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41040,2291],{"class":1020},[56,41042,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41044,1635],{"class":76},[20,41046,239],{},[47,41048,41050],{"className":49,"code":41049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41051,41052,41056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41053,41054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41055,40688],{"class":80},[56,41057,41058],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41059,41060],{"class":80},"10.0\n",[353,41062,41064],{"id":41063},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41066,41067],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[47,41069,41071],{"className":49,"code":41070,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41072,41073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41074,41075,41077,41079,41081,41083,41085,41088,41090],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41076,373],{"class":72},[56,41078,77],{"class":76},[56,41080,2738],{"class":378},[56,41082,77],{"class":76},[56,41084,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41086,41087],{"class":1020},"  8.5  ",[56,41089,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41091,1635],{"class":76},[20,41093,239],{},[47,41095,41097],{"className":49,"code":41096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8.5\n",[15,41098,41099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41100,41101],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41102,41096],{"class":80},[353,41104,41106],{"id":41105},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41108,41109],{},"Boolean values also work:",[47,41111,41113],{"className":49,"code":41112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41114,41115,41129],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41116,41117,41119,41121,41123,41125,41127],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41118,373],{"class":72},[56,41120,77],{"class":76},[56,41122,2738],{"class":378},[56,41124,77],{"class":76},[56,41126,4146],{"class":4393},[56,41128,1635],{"class":76},[56,41130,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139,41141],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41132,373],{"class":72},[56,41134,77],{"class":76},[56,41136,2738],{"class":378},[56,41138,77],{"class":76},[56,41140,4215],{"class":4393},[56,41142,1635],{"class":76},[20,41144,239],{},[47,41146,41148],{"className":49,"code":41147,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41149,41150,41154],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41151,41152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41153,40693],{"class":80},[56,41155,41156],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41157,40879],{"class":80},[353,41159,41161],{"id":41160},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41163,41164,41165,41167],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41166,3428],{}," returns a float version of it:",[47,41169,41171],{"className":49,"code":41170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41172,41173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41174,41175,41177,41179,41181,41183,41185],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41176,373],{"class":72},[56,41178,77],{"class":76},[56,41180,2738],{"class":378},[56,41182,77],{"class":76},[56,41184,2907],{"class":80},[56,41186,1635],{"class":76},[20,41188,239],{},[47,41190,41191],{"className":49,"code":2931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,41192,41193],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41194,41195],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41196,2931],{"class":80},[42,41198,41200],{"id":41199},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41202,41203,41204,156],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41205,3428],{},[353,41207,41209],{"id":41208},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41211,41212,41213,1045],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41214,953],{},[47,41216,41218],{"className":49,"code":41217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41219,41220],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41221,41222,41224,41226,41228,41230,41232,41234,41236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41223,373],{"class":72},[56,41225,77],{"class":76},[56,41227,2738],{"class":378},[56,41229,77],{"class":76},[56,41231,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41233,4386],{"class":1020},[56,41235,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41237,1635],{"class":76},[20,41239,30210],{},[47,41241,41243],{"className":49,"code":41242,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41244,41245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41246,41247,41249,41251,41254,41256,41259,41261,41263,41265,41267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41248,953],{"class":378},[56,41250,1045],{"class":76},[56,41252,41253],{"class":65}," could ",[56,41255,5170],{"class":827},[56,41257,41258],{"class":65}," convert string to ",[56,41260,2738],{"class":378},[56,41262,1045],{"class":76},[56,41264,3839],{"class":1016},[56,41266,4386],{"class":1020},[56,41268,30229],{"class":1016},[20,41270,41271],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[47,41273,41275],{"className":49,"code":41274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41276,41277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41278,41279,41281,41283,41285,41287,41289],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41280,373],{"class":72},[56,41282,77],{"class":76},[56,41284,2738],{"class":378},[56,41286,77],{"class":76},[56,41288,6807],{"class":1016},[56,41290,1635],{"class":76},[353,41292,41294],{"id":41293},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41296,41297],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[47,41299,41301],{"className":49,"code":41300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41302,41303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41304,41305,41307,41309,41311,41313,41315,41317,41319,41321,41323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41306,373],{"class":72},[56,41308,77],{"class":76},[56,41310,2738],{"class":378},[56,41312,3528],{"class":76},[56,41314,529],{"class":80},[56,41316,306],{"class":76},[56,41318,414],{"class":80},[56,41320,306],{"class":76},[56,41322,419],{"class":80},[56,41324,3541],{"class":76},[20,41326,30210],{},[47,41328,41330],{"className":49,"code":41329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41331,41332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41333,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342,41345,41348,41351,41353,41355,41357,41359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41335,3547],{"class":378},[56,41337,1045],{"class":76},[56,41339,40766],{"class":378},[56,41341,7898],{"class":76},[56,41343,41344],{"class":65}," argument must be a string ",[56,41346,41347],{"class":827},"or",[56,41349,41350],{"class":65}," a real number",[56,41352,306],{"class":76},[56,41354,8631],{"class":827},[56,41356,3839],{"class":1016},[56,41358,379],{"class":1020},[56,41360,30229],{"class":1016},[353,41362,41364],{"id":41363},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41366,41367],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[47,41369,41371],{"className":49,"code":41370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41372,41373],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41374,41375,41377,41379,41381,41383,41385,41388,41390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41376,373],{"class":72},[56,41378,77],{"class":76},[56,41380,2738],{"class":378},[56,41382,77],{"class":76},[56,41384,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41386,41387],{"class":1020},"3,14",[56,41389,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41391,1635],{"class":76},[20,41393,3544,41394,156],{},[15,41395,953],{},[20,41397,41398,41399,4935,41403,156],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[264,41400,41402],{"href":41401},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[264,41404,41406],{"href":41405},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[42,41408,17954],{"id":17953},[20,41410,41411,41413],{},[15,41412,3428],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41415,41416,41417,41419],{},"It does ",[37,41418,5170],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41421,986],{},[47,41423,41425],{"className":49,"code":41424,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41426,41427,41440,41454,41458,41468,41478,41492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41428,41429,41431,41433,41435,41438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41430,35217],{"class":65},[56,41432,1217],{"class":827},[56,41434,1231],{"class":1016},[56,41436,41437],{"class":1020},"6.5",[56,41439,3903],{"class":1016},[56,41441,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450,41452],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41443,2763],{"class":65},[56,41445,1217],{"class":827},[56,41447,40766],{"class":378},[56,41449,77],{"class":76},[56,41451,35238],{"class":95},[56,41453,99],{"class":76},[56,41455,41456],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41457,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,41459,41460,41462,41464,41466],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,41461,373],{"class":72},[56,41463,77],{"class":76},[56,41465,35238],{"class":95},[56,41467,99],{"class":76},[56,41469,41470,41472,41474,41476],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,41471,373],{"class":72},[56,41473,77],{"class":76},[56,41475,234],{"class":95},[56,41477,99],{"class":76},[56,41479,41480,41482,41484,41486,41488,41490],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,41481,373],{"class":72},[56,41483,77],{"class":76},[56,41485,2312],{"class":378},[56,41487,77],{"class":76},[56,41489,35238],{"class":95},[56,41491,1635],{"class":76},[56,41493,41494,41496,41498,41500,41502,41504],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,41495,373],{"class":72},[56,41497,77],{"class":76},[56,41499,2312],{"class":378},[56,41501,77],{"class":76},[56,41503,234],{"class":95},[56,41505,1635],{"class":76},[20,41507,239],{},[47,41509,41511],{"className":49,"code":41510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41512,41513,41518,41522,41536],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41514,41515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41516,41517],{"class":80},"6.5\n",[56,41519,41520],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41521,41517],{"class":80},[56,41523,41524,41526,41528,41530,41532,41534],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41525,3833],{"class":827},[56,41527,3836],{"class":2610},[56,41529,3839],{"class":1016},[56,41531,3988],{"class":1020},[56,41533,3844],{"class":1016},[56,41535,3847],{"class":827},[56,41537,41538,41540,41542,41544,41546,41548],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,41539,3833],{"class":827},[56,41541,3836],{"class":2610},[56,41543,3839],{"class":1016},[56,41545,2738],{"class":1020},[56,41547,3844],{"class":1016},[56,41549,3847],{"class":827},[20,41551,41552],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[42,41554,41556],{"id":41555},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[353,41558,41560,41561,41563],{"id":41559},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41562,1871],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41565,2526,41566,41570,41571,156],{},[264,41567,41568,2848],{"href":8751},[15,41569,1871],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41572,3428],{},[47,41574,41576],{"className":49,"code":41575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41577,41578,41597,41611,41615],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41579,41580,41582,41584,41586,41588,41590,41593,41595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41581,8769],{"class":65},[56,41583,1217],{"class":827},[56,41585,1886],{"class":72},[56,41587,77],{"class":76},[56,41589,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41591,41592],{"class":1020},"Enter a price: ",[56,41594,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41596,99],{"class":76},[56,41598,41599,41601,41603,41605,41607,41609],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41600,40898],{"class":65},[56,41602,1217],{"class":827},[56,41604,40766],{"class":378},[56,41606,77],{"class":76},[56,41608,8797],{"class":95},[56,41610,99],{"class":76},[56,41612,41613],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41614,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,41616,41617,41619,41621,41623,41625,41627],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,41618,373],{"class":72},[56,41620,77],{"class":76},[56,41622,40898],{"class":95},[56,41624,40383],{"class":827},[56,41626,414],{"class":80},[56,41628,99],{"class":76},[20,41630,41631,41632,41635],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41633,41634],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[47,41637,41639],{"className":49,"code":41638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"9.0\n",[15,41640,41641],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41642,41643],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41644,41638],{"class":80},[20,41646,41647,41648,156],{},"For more help with this, see ",[264,41649,9512],{"href":9511},[353,41651,41653],{"id":41652},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[47,41655,41657],{"className":49,"code":41656,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41658,41659,41672,41685,41689,41714],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41660,41661,41663,41665,41667,41670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41662,3098],{"class":65},[56,41664,1217],{"class":827},[56,41666,1231],{"class":1016},[56,41668,41669],{"class":1020},"2.5",[56,41671,3903],{"class":1016},[56,41673,41674,41676,41678,41680,41683],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41675,3125],{"class":65},[56,41677,1217],{"class":827},[56,41679,1231],{"class":1016},[56,41681,41682],{"class":1020},"1.5",[56,41684,3903],{"class":1016},[56,41686,41687],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41688,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,41690,41691,41694,41696,41698,41700,41702,41704,41706,41708,41710,41712],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,41692,41693],{"class":65},"total ",[56,41695,1217],{"class":827},[56,41697,40766],{"class":378},[56,41699,77],{"class":76},[56,41701,264],{"class":95},[56,41703,4202],{"class":76},[56,41705,2999],{"class":827},[56,41707,40766],{"class":378},[56,41709,77],{"class":76},[56,41711,1234],{"class":95},[56,41713,99],{"class":76},[56,41715,41716,41718,41720,41723],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,41717,373],{"class":72},[56,41719,77],{"class":76},[56,41721,41722],{"class":95},"total",[56,41724,99],{"class":76},[20,41726,239],{},[47,41728,41730],{"className":49,"code":41729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4.0\n",[15,41731,41732],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41733,41734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41735,41729],{"class":80},[353,41737,41739],{"id":41738},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41741,41742],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[47,41744,41746],{"className":49,"code":41745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41747,41748,41758,41773,41777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41749,41750,41753,41755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41751,41752],{"class":65},"count ",[56,41754,1217],{"class":827},[56,41756,41757],{"class":80}," 7\n",[56,41759,41760,41762,41764,41766,41768,41771],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41761,2775],{"class":65},[56,41763,1217],{"class":827},[56,41765,40766],{"class":378},[56,41767,77],{"class":76},[56,41769,41770],{"class":95},"count",[56,41772,99],{"class":76},[56,41774,41775],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41776,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,41778,41779,41781,41783,41785],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,41780,373],{"class":72},[56,41782,77],{"class":76},[56,41784,2809],{"class":95},[56,41786,99],{"class":76},[20,41788,239],{},[47,41790,41792],{"className":49,"code":41791,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.0\n",[15,41793,41794],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41795,41796],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41797,41791],{"class":80},[353,41799,41801],{"id":41800},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41803,41804,41805,41807],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41806,3428],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[47,41809,41811],{"className":49,"code":41810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41812,41813,41827,41843,41847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41814,41815,41818,41820,41822,41825],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41816,41817],{"class":65},"temperature_text ",[56,41819,1217],{"class":827},[56,41821,1231],{"class":1016},[56,41823,41824],{"class":1020},"21.8",[56,41826,3903],{"class":1016},[56,41828,41829,41832,41834,41836,41838,41841],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,41830,41831],{"class":65},"temperature ",[56,41833,1217],{"class":827},[56,41835,40766],{"class":378},[56,41837,77],{"class":76},[56,41839,41840],{"class":95},"temperature_text",[56,41842,99],{"class":76},[56,41844,41845],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41846,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,41848,41849,41851,41853,41856],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,41850,373],{"class":72},[56,41852,77],{"class":76},[56,41854,41855],{"class":95},"temperature",[56,41857,99],{"class":76},[42,41859,41861],{"id":41860},"special-values","Special values",[20,41863,41864,41866],{},[15,41865,3428],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[353,41868,41870],{"id":41869},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[47,41872,41874],{"className":49,"code":41873,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41875,41876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41877,41878,41880,41882,41884,41886,41888,41891,41893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41879,373],{"class":72},[56,41881,77],{"class":76},[56,41883,2738],{"class":378},[56,41885,77],{"class":76},[56,41887,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41889,41890],{"class":1020},"inf",[56,41892,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41894,1635],{"class":76},[20,41896,239],{},[47,41898,41900],{"className":49,"code":41899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"inf\n",[15,41901,41902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41903,41904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41905,41899],{"class":65},[353,41907,41909],{"id":41908},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[47,41911,41913],{"className":49,"code":41912,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41914,41915],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41916,41917,41919,41921,41923,41925,41927,41930,41932],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41918,373],{"class":72},[56,41920,77],{"class":76},[56,41922,2738],{"class":378},[56,41924,77],{"class":76},[56,41926,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41928,41929],{"class":1020},"-inf",[56,41931,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41933,1635],{"class":76},[20,41935,239],{},[47,41937,41939],{"className":49,"code":41938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-inf\n",[15,41940,41941],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41942,41943,41945],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41944,2568],{"class":827},[56,41946,41899],{"class":65},[353,41948,41950],{"id":41949},"not-a-number","Not a number",[47,41952,41954],{"className":49,"code":41953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41955,41956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41957,41958,41960,41962,41964,41966,41968,41971,41973],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41959,373],{"class":72},[56,41961,77],{"class":76},[56,41963,2738],{"class":378},[56,41965,77],{"class":76},[56,41967,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41969,41970],{"class":1020},"nan",[56,41972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,41974,1635],{"class":76},[20,41976,239],{},[47,41978,41980],{"className":49,"code":41979,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nan\n",[15,41981,41982],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41983,41984],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41985,41979],{"class":65},[20,41987,41988],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[173,41990,41991,41996,42001],{},[176,41992,41993,41995],{},[15,41994,41890],{}," means positive infinity",[176,41997,41998,42000],{},[15,41999,41929],{}," means negative infinity",[176,42002,42003,42005],{},[15,42004,41970],{}," means “not a number”",[20,42007,42008,42009,42011],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,42010,3428],{}," accepts them.",[42,42013,42015],{"id":42014},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,42017,42018,42019,42021],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,42020,3428],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[353,42023,953],{"id":42024},"valueerror",[20,42026,15723,42027,42029],{},[15,42028,953],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,42031,42032],{},"Common causes:",[173,42034,42035,42041,42044,42047],{},[176,42036,42037,42038],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,42039,42040],{},"\"abc\"",[176,42042,42043],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[176,42045,42046],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[176,42048,2103,42049],{},[264,42050,42051,42053],{"href":8751},[15,42052,1871],{}," returns a string",[20,42055,986],{},[47,42057,42059],{"className":49,"code":42058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42060,42061,42074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42062,42063,42065,42067,42069,42072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42064,2992],{"class":65},[56,42066,1217],{"class":827},[56,42068,1231],{"class":1016},[56,42070,42071],{"class":1020},"abc",[56,42073,3903],{"class":1016},[56,42075,42076,42078,42080,42082,42084,42086],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,42077,373],{"class":72},[56,42079,77],{"class":76},[56,42081,2738],{"class":378},[56,42083,77],{"class":76},[56,42085,3017],{"class":95},[56,42087,1635],{"class":76},[353,42089,3547],{"id":42090},"typeerror",[20,42092,15723,42093,42095],{},[15,42094,3547],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42097,42032],{},[173,42099,42100,42103,42106],{},[176,42101,42102],{},"Passing a list",[176,42104,42105],{},"Passing a dictionary",[176,42107,42108],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42110,986],{},[47,42112,42114],{"className":49,"code":42113,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42115,42116,42141],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42117,42118,42120,42122,42124,42126,42128,42130,42132,42134,42137,42139],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42119,2992],{"class":65},[56,42121,1217],{"class":827},[56,42123,11023],{"class":76},[56,42125,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42127,25683],{"class":1020},[56,42129,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42131,1045],{"class":76},[56,42133,1231],{"class":1016},[56,42135,42136],{"class":1020},"9.99",[56,42138,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42140,9841],{"class":76},[56,42142,42143,42145,42147,42149,42151,42153],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,42144,373],{"class":72},[56,42146,77],{"class":76},[56,42148,2738],{"class":378},[56,42150,77],{"class":76},[56,42152,3017],{"class":95},[56,42154,1635],{"class":76},[353,42156,42158],{"id":42157},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42160,42161,42162,42165],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42163,42164],{},"strip()"," can help:",[47,42167,42169],{"className":49,"code":42168,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42170,42171,42184,42199,42203],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42172,42173,42175,42177,42179,42182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42174,2992],{"class":65},[56,42176,1217],{"class":827},[56,42178,1231],{"class":1016},[56,42180,42181],{"class":1020},"  7.25  ",[56,42183,3903],{"class":1016},[56,42185,42186,42189,42191,42193,42195,42197],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,42187,42188],{"class":65},"clean_value ",[56,42190,1217],{"class":827},[56,42192,8963],{"class":65},[56,42194,156],{"class":76},[56,42196,9165],{"class":95},[56,42198,9174],{"class":76},[56,42200,42201],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42202,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,42204,42205,42207,42209,42211,42213,42216],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,42206,373],{"class":72},[56,42208,77],{"class":76},[56,42210,2738],{"class":378},[56,42212,77],{"class":76},[56,42214,42215],{"class":95},"clean_value",[56,42217,1635],{"class":76},[20,42219,239],{},[47,42221,42223],{"className":49,"code":42222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.25\n",[15,42224,42225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42226,42227],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42228,42222],{"class":80},[353,42230,42232],{"id":42231},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42234,42235],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[47,42237,42239],{"className":49,"code":42238,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42240,42241,42254,42258,42268,42282,42297,42301,42315],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42242,42243,42245,42247,42249,42252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42244,2992],{"class":65},[56,42246,1217],{"class":827},[56,42248,1231],{"class":1016},[56,42250,42251],{"class":1020}," 3.5 ",[56,42253,3903],{"class":1016},[56,42255,42256],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,42257,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,42259,42260,42262,42264,42266],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42261,373],{"class":72},[56,42263,77],{"class":76},[56,42265,3017],{"class":95},[56,42267,99],{"class":76},[56,42269,42270,42272,42274,42276,42278,42280],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,42271,373],{"class":72},[56,42273,77],{"class":76},[56,42275,2312],{"class":378},[56,42277,77],{"class":76},[56,42279,3017],{"class":95},[56,42281,1635],{"class":76},[56,42283,42284,42286,42288,42291,42293,42295],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,42285,373],{"class":72},[56,42287,77],{"class":76},[56,42289,42290],{"class":72},"repr",[56,42292,77],{"class":76},[56,42294,3017],{"class":95},[56,42296,1635],{"class":76},[56,42298,42299],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,42300,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,42302,42303,42305,42307,42309,42311,42313],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,42304,42188],{"class":65},[56,42306,1217],{"class":827},[56,42308,8963],{"class":65},[56,42310,156],{"class":76},[56,42312,9165],{"class":95},[56,42314,9174],{"class":76},[56,42316,42317,42319,42321,42323,42325,42327],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,42318,373],{"class":72},[56,42320,77],{"class":76},[56,42322,2738],{"class":378},[56,42324,77],{"class":76},[56,42326,42215],{"class":95},[56,42328,1635],{"class":76},[20,42330,42331],{},"Why this helps:",[173,42333,42334,42340,42345,42351],{},[176,42335,42336,42339],{},[15,42337,42338],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[176,42341,42342,21903],{},[15,42343,42344],{},"print(type(value))",[176,42346,42347,42350],{},[15,42348,42349],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[176,42352,42353,42355],{},[15,42354,42164],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[353,42357,42359],{"id":42358},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42361,42362],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[47,42364,42366],{"className":49,"code":42365,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42367,42368,42386,42390,42396,42411,42430,42439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42369,42370,42372,42374,42376,42378,42380,42382,42384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42371,2992],{"class":65},[56,42373,1217],{"class":827},[56,42375,1886],{"class":72},[56,42377,77],{"class":76},[56,42379,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42381,1893],{"class":1020},[56,42383,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42385,99],{"class":76},[56,42387,42388],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,42389,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,42391,42392,42394],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42393,30333],{"class":62},[56,42395,1390],{"class":76},[56,42397,42398,42401,42403,42405,42407,42409],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,42399,42400],{"class":65},"    number ",[56,42402,1217],{"class":827},[56,42404,40766],{"class":378},[56,42406,77],{"class":76},[56,42408,3017],{"class":95},[56,42410,99],{"class":76},[56,42412,42413,42415,42417,42419,42422,42424,42426,42428],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,42414,90],{"class":72},[56,42416,77],{"class":76},[56,42418,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42420,42421],{"class":1020},"Converted:",[56,42423,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42425,306],{"class":76},[56,42427,2743],{"class":95},[56,42429,99],{"class":76},[56,42431,42432,42434,42437],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,42433,30364],{"class":62},[56,42435,42436],{"class":378}," ValueError",[56,42438,1390],{"class":76},[56,42440,42441,42443,42445,42447,42450,42452],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,42442,90],{"class":72},[56,42444,77],{"class":76},[56,42446,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42448,42449],{"class":1020},"That is not a valid number.",[56,42451,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42453,99],{"class":76},[20,42455,42456,42457,156],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[264,42458,41406],{"href":41405},[42,42460,42462],{"id":42461},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42464,11122,42465,4935,42467,42469],{},[15,42466,3428],{},[15,42468,3421],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42471,42472,42474],{},[15,42473,3428],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[47,42476,42478],{"className":49,"code":42477,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42479,42480],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42481,42482,42484,42486,42488,42490,42492,42495,42497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42483,373],{"class":72},[56,42485,77],{"class":76},[56,42487,2738],{"class":378},[56,42489,77],{"class":76},[56,42491,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42493,42494],{"class":1020},"3.9",[56,42496,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42498,1635],{"class":76},[20,42500,239],{},[47,42502,42504],{"className":49,"code":42503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.9\n",[15,42505,42506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42507,42508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42509,42503],{"class":80},[20,42511,42512,42514],{},[15,42513,3421],{}," creates whole numbers:",[47,42516,42518],{"className":49,"code":42517,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42519,42520],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42521,42522,42524,42526,42528,42530,42532,42534,42536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42523,373],{"class":72},[56,42525,77],{"class":76},[56,42527,2734],{"class":378},[56,42529,77],{"class":76},[56,42531,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42533,2291],{"class":1020},[56,42535,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42537,1635],{"class":76},[20,42539,239],{},[47,42541,42542],{"className":49,"code":2921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,42543,42544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42545,42546],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42547,2921],{"class":80},[20,42549,42550,42551,42554],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42552,42553],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[47,42556,42558],{"className":49,"code":42557,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42559,42560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42561,42562,42564,42566,42568,42570,42572,42574,42576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42563,373],{"class":72},[56,42565,77],{"class":76},[56,42567,2734],{"class":378},[56,42569,77],{"class":76},[56,42571,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42573,42494],{"class":1020},[56,42575,1017],{"class":1016},[56,42577,1635],{"class":76},[20,42579,3544,42580,9132,42582,42585],{},[15,42581,953],{},[15,42583,42584],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42587,11245],{},[173,42589,42590,42595],{},[176,42591,42592,1575],{},[15,42593,42594],{},"float(\"3.9\")",[176,42596,42597,42599],{},[15,42598,42553],{}," fails",[20,42601,42602,42603,42606,42607,42609],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[264,42604,42605],{"href":3418},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[264,42608,2965],{"href":2964}," helpful.",[42,42611,2343],{"id":2342},[353,42613,42615],{"id":42614},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42617,42618,42619,3422,42621,156],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42620,3036],{},[15,42622,40654],{},[353,42624,42626],{"id":42625},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42628,42629,42630,3422,42633,156],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42631,42632],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42634,42635],{},"\"10\"",[353,42637,42639],{"id":42638},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42641,29592,42642,42644,42645,156],{},[15,42643,42040],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42646,953],{},[353,42648,42650],{"id":42649},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42652,5688,42653,156],{},[15,42654,4309],{},[353,42656,42658],{"id":42657},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42660,42661,42662,42664,42665,4935,42668,42664,42670,156],{},"Yes. ",[15,42663,4146],{}," becomes ",[15,42666,42667],{},"1.0",[15,42669,4215],{},[15,42671,4309],{},[42,42673,2417],{"id":2416},[173,42675,42676,42680,42686,42691,42695,42699],{},[176,42677,42678],{},[264,42679,42605],{"href":3418},[176,42681,42682],{},[264,42683,42685],{"href":42684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[176,42687,42688],{},[264,42689,42690],{"href":41401},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[176,42692,42693],{},[264,42694,9589],{"href":9511},[176,42696,42697],{},[264,42698,41406],{"href":41405},[176,42700,42701],{},[264,42702,42703],{"href":8751},"Python input() Function Explained",[2451,42705,42706],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":42708},[42709,42710,42711,42712,42719,42724,42725,42732,42737,42744,42745,42752],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":40701,"depth":87,"text":40702},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":40926,"depth":87,"text":40927,"children":42713},[42714,42715,42716,42717,42718],{"id":40935,"depth":102,"text":40936},{"id":40999,"depth":102,"text":41000},{"id":41063,"depth":102,"text":41064},{"id":41105,"depth":102,"text":41106},{"id":41160,"depth":102,"text":41161},{"id":41199,"depth":87,"text":41200,"children":42720},[42721,42722,42723],{"id":41208,"depth":102,"text":41209},{"id":41293,"depth":102,"text":41294},{"id":41363,"depth":102,"text":41364},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":41555,"depth":87,"text":41556,"children":42726},[42727,42729,42730,42731],{"id":41559,"depth":102,"text":42728},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41652,"depth":102,"text":41653},{"id":41738,"depth":102,"text":41739},{"id":41800,"depth":102,"text":41801},{"id":41860,"depth":87,"text":41861,"children":42733},[42734,42735,42736],{"id":41869,"depth":102,"text":41870},{"id":41908,"depth":102,"text":41909},{"id":41949,"depth":102,"text":41950},{"id":42014,"depth":87,"text":42015,"children":42738},[42739,42740,42741,42742,42743],{"id":42024,"depth":102,"text":953},{"id":42090,"depth":102,"text":3547},{"id":42157,"depth":102,"text":42158},{"id":42231,"depth":102,"text":42232},{"id":42358,"depth":102,"text":42359},{"id":42461,"depth":87,"text":42462},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":42746},[42747,42748,42749,42750,42751],{"id":42614,"depth":102,"text":42615},{"id":42625,"depth":102,"text":42626},{"id":42638,"depth":102,"text":42639},{"id":42649,"depth":102,"text":42650},{"id":42657,"depth":102,"text":42658},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40602,"description":42753},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42760,"title":42761,"body":42762,"description":43980,"extension":2509,"meta":43981,"navigation":105,"path":35553,"seo":43982,"stem":43983,"__hash__":43984},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42763,"toc":43946},[42764,42767,42772,42775,42777,42816,42830,42834,42839,42842,42859,42862,42870,42885,42888,42890,42893,42909,42912,42915,42935,42939,42950,42953,42957,42961,42974,43009,43013,43024,43059,43062,43064,43072,43105,43121,43123,43133,43154,43165,43167,43172,43175,43189,43191,43210,43213,43226,43229,43233,43237,43251,43254,43272,43275,43290,43294,43299,43313,43319,43321,43378,43380,43413,43416,43432,43436,43443,43447,43452,43455,43466,43470,43475,43490,43499,43504,43523,43526,43538,43540,43545,43555,43558,43587,43592,43601,43605,43610,43613,43617,43622,43624,43654,43657,43664,43669,43674,43678,43681,43689,43692,43770,43773,43795,43797,43801,43804,43808,43814,43877,43881,43889,43893,43896,43898,43923,43943],[10,42765,42761],{"id":42766},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42768,4124,42769,42771],{},[15,42770,35556],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42773,42774],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[42,42776,45],{"id":44},[47,42778,42780],{"className":49,"code":42779,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42781,42782,42792,42802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42783,42784,42786,42788,42790],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42785,32683],{"class":72},[56,42787,77],{"class":76},[56,42789,1266],{"class":72},[56,42791,99],{"class":76},[56,42793,42794,42796,42798,42800],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,42795,32683],{"class":72},[56,42797,77],{"class":76},[56,42799,3988],{"class":378},[56,42801,99],{"class":76},[56,42803,42804,42806,42808,42810,42812,42814],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42805,32683],{"class":72},[56,42807,77],{"class":76},[56,42809,3844],{"class":1016},[56,42811,35188],{"class":1020},[56,42813,3844],{"class":1016},[56,42815,99],{"class":76},[20,42817,2638,42818,42820,42821,3422,42823,42825,42826,42829],{},[15,42819,35556],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42822,1266],{},[15,42824,3988],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42827,42828],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[42,42831,42833],{"id":42832},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42835,42836,42838],{},[15,42837,35556],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42840,42841],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[173,42843,42844,42847,42850,42853,42856],{},[176,42845,42846],{},"Functions",[176,42848,42849],{},"Classes",[176,42851,42852],{},"Methods",[176,42854,42855],{},"Modules",[176,42857,42858],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42860,42861],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42863,42864,42865,42869],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[264,42866,42867],{"href":1328},[15,42868,1331],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[47,42871,42873],{"className":49,"code":42872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\n",[15,42874,42875],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42876,42877,42879,42881,42883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42878,32683],{"class":72},[56,42880,77],{"class":76},[56,42882,1266],{"class":72},[56,42884,99],{"class":76},[20,42886,42887],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[42,42889,2702],{"id":2701},[20,42891,42892],{},"The main form is:",[47,42894,42896],{"className":49,"code":42895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(object)\n",[15,42897,42898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42899,42900,42902,42904,42907],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42901,32683],{"class":72},[56,42903,77],{"class":76},[56,42905,42906],{"class":378},"object",[56,42908,99],{"class":76},[20,42910,42911],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42913,42914],{},"Common examples include:",[173,42916,42917,42921,42926,42930],{},[176,42918,42919],{},[15,42920,1266],{},[176,42922,42923],{},[15,42924,42925],{},"list.append",[176,42927,42928],{},[15,42929,3988],{},[176,42931,42932],{},[15,42933,42934],{},"open",[20,42936,7707,42937,7710],{},[15,42938,35556],{},[47,42940,42942],{"className":49,"code":42941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help()\n",[15,42943,42944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42945,42946,42948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42947,32683],{"class":72},[56,42949,9174],{"class":76},[20,42951,42952],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[42,42954,42956],{"id":42955},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[353,42958,42960],{"id":42959},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42962,42963,42964,2735,42966,2735,42968,17607,42970,156],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42965,1266],{},[15,42967,373],{},[15,42969,1956],{},[264,42971,42972],{"href":2844},[15,42973,2847],{},[47,42975,42977],{"className":49,"code":42976,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42978,42979,42989,42999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42980,42981,42983,42985,42987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42982,32683],{"class":72},[56,42984,77],{"class":76},[56,42986,373],{"class":72},[56,42988,99],{"class":76},[56,42990,42991,42993,42995,42997],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,42992,32683],{"class":72},[56,42994,77],{"class":76},[56,42996,1956],{"class":72},[56,42998,99],{"class":76},[56,43000,43001,43003,43005,43007],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43002,32683],{"class":72},[56,43004,77],{"class":76},[56,43006,2312],{"class":378},[56,43008,99],{"class":76},[353,43010,43012],{"id":43011},"data-types","Data types",[20,43014,43015,43016,2735,43018,2735,43020,17607,43022,156],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,43017,3988],{},[15,43019,379],{},[15,43021,9353],{},[15,43023,6822],{},[47,43025,43027],{"className":49,"code":43026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,43028,43029,43039,43049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43030,43031,43033,43035,43037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43032,32683],{"class":72},[56,43034,77],{"class":76},[56,43036,3988],{"class":378},[56,43038,99],{"class":76},[56,43040,43041,43043,43045,43047],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43042,32683],{"class":72},[56,43044,77],{"class":76},[56,43046,379],{"class":378},[56,43048,99],{"class":76},[56,43050,43051,43053,43055,43057],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43052,32683],{"class":72},[56,43054,77],{"class":76},[56,43056,9353],{"class":378},[56,43058,99],{"class":76},[20,43060,43061],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[353,43063,42852],{"id":35035},[20,43065,43066,43067,4935,43070,156],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43068,43069],{},"str.split",[15,43071,42925],{},[47,43073,43075],{"className":49,"code":43074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43076,43077,43091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43078,43079,43081,43083,43085,43087,43089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43080,32683],{"class":72},[56,43082,77],{"class":76},[56,43084,3988],{"class":378},[56,43086,156],{"class":76},[56,43088,34998],{"class":25284},[56,43090,99],{"class":76},[56,43092,43093,43095,43097,43099,43101,43103],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43094,32683],{"class":72},[56,43096,77],{"class":76},[56,43098,379],{"class":378},[56,43100,156],{"class":76},[56,43102,14087],{"class":25284},[56,43104,99],{"class":76},[20,43106,43107,43108,9236,43110,28844,43115,43117,43118,43120],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43109,35556],{},[264,43111,43113],{"href":43112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43114,34840],{},[15,43116,34840],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43119,35556],{}," explains one of them.",[353,43122,42855],{"id":35188},[20,43124,43125,43126,2735,43128,17607,43130,156],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43127,18952],{},[15,43129,35719],{},[15,43131,43132],{},"os",[47,43134,43136],{"className":49,"code":43135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43137,43138,43144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43139,43140,43142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43141,35620],{"class":62},[56,43143,35623],{"class":65},[56,43145,43146,43148,43150,43152],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43147,32683],{"class":72},[56,43149,77],{"class":76},[56,43151,18952],{"class":95},[56,43153,99],{"class":76},[20,43155,43156,43157,43161,43162,156],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[264,43158,43160],{"href":43159},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[264,43163,35686],{"href":43164},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[42,43166,35447],{"id":35446},[20,43168,43169,43171],{},[15,43170,35556],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43173,43174],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[173,43176,43177,43180,43183,43186],{},[176,43178,43179],{},"The function signature",[176,43181,43182],{},"The short description",[176,43184,43185],{},"Parameter names",[176,43187,43188],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43190,1584],{},[47,43192,43194],{"className":49,"code":43193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43195,43196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43197,43198,43200,43202,43204,43206,43208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43199,32683],{"class":72},[56,43201,77],{"class":76},[56,43203,3988],{"class":378},[56,43205,156],{"class":76},[56,43207,34998],{"class":25284},[56,43209,99],{"class":76},[20,43211,43212],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[173,43214,43215,43218,43221,43223],{},[176,43216,43217],{},"What object this is",[176,43219,43220],{},"What arguments it accepts",[176,43222,22506],{},[176,43224,43225],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43227,43228],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[42,43230,43232],{"id":43231},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43234,43235,30403],{},[15,43236,35556],{},[173,43238,43239,43242,43245,43248],{},[176,43240,43241],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[176,43243,43244],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[176,43246,43247],{},"You are exploring a new module",[176,43249,43250],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43252,43253],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[47,43255,43256],{"className":49,"code":43193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,43257,43258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43259,43260,43262,43264,43266,43268,43270],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43261,32683],{"class":72},[56,43263,77],{"class":76},[56,43265,3988],{"class":378},[56,43267,156],{"class":76},[56,43269,34998],{"class":25284},[56,43271,99],{"class":76},[20,43273,43274],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[47,43276,43278],{"className":49,"code":43277,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(open)\n",[15,43279,43280],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43281,43282,43284,43286,43288],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43283,32683],{"class":72},[56,43285,77],{"class":76},[56,43287,42934],{"class":72},[56,43289,99],{"class":76},[42,43291,43293],{"id":43292},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43295,43296,43298],{},[15,43297,35556],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[173,43300,43301,43304,43307,43310],{},[176,43302,43303],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[176,43305,43306],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[176,43308,43309],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[176,43311,43312],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43314,43315,43316,43318],{},"So, ",[15,43317,35556],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43320,1584],{},[47,43322,43324],{"className":49,"code":43323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43325,43326,43339,43363,43367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43327,43328,43330,43332,43334,43337],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43329,35217],{"class":65},[56,43331,1217],{"class":827},[56,43333,1231],{"class":1016},[56,43335,43336],{"class":1020},"a,b,c",[56,43338,3903],{"class":1016},[56,43340,43341,43344,43346,43349,43351,43353,43355,43357,43359,43361],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43342,43343],{"class":65},"parts ",[56,43345,1217],{"class":827},[56,43347,43348],{"class":65}," text",[56,43350,156],{"class":76},[56,43352,34998],{"class":95},[56,43354,77],{"class":76},[56,43356,1017],{"class":1016},[56,43358,306],{"class":1020},[56,43360,1017],{"class":1016},[56,43362,99],{"class":76},[56,43364,43365],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43366,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,43368,43369,43371,43373,43376],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,43370,373],{"class":72},[56,43372,77],{"class":76},[56,43374,43375],{"class":95},"parts",[56,43377,99],{"class":76},[20,43379,6098],{},[47,43381,43383],{"className":49,"code":43382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43384,43385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43386,43387,43389,43391,43393,43395,43397,43399,43401,43403,43405,43407,43409,43411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43388,402],{"class":76},[56,43390,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43392,264],{"class":1020},[56,43394,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43396,306],{"class":76},[56,43398,3839],{"class":1016},[56,43400,1234],{"class":1020},[56,43402,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43404,306],{"class":76},[56,43406,3839],{"class":1016},[56,43408,1243],{"class":1020},[56,43410,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43412,427],{"class":76},[20,43414,43415],{},"A good workflow is:",[29244,43417,43418,43423,43426,43429],{},[176,43419,2638,43420,43422],{},[15,43421,35556],{}," to inspect something",[176,43424,43425],{},"Write a tiny example",[176,43427,43428],{},"Check the result",[176,43430,43431],{},"Repeat",[42,43433,43435],{"id":43434},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43437,43438,4935,43440,43442],{},[15,43439,35556],{},[15,43441,34840],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[353,43444,43445],{"id":32683},[15,43446,35556],{},[20,43448,2638,43449,43451],{},[15,43450,35556],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43453,43454],{},"It tells you:",[173,43456,43457,43460,43463],{},[176,43458,43459],{},"What something is",[176,43461,43462],{},"How to use it",[176,43464,43465],{},"What parameters it accepts",[353,43467,43468],{"id":34901},[15,43469,34840],{},[20,43471,2638,43472,43474],{},[15,43473,34840],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[47,43476,43478],{"className":49,"code":43477,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dir(str)\n",[15,43479,43480],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43481,43482,43484,43486,43488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43483,34901],{"class":72},[56,43485,77],{"class":76},[56,43487,3988],{"class":378},[56,43489,99],{"class":76},[20,43491,43492,43493,2735,43495,17607,43497,156],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43494,34998],{},[15,43496,9165],{},[15,43498,9171],{},[20,43500,43501,43502,1045],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43503,35556],{},[47,43505,43507],{"className":49,"code":43506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43508,43509],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43510,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519,43521],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43512,32683],{"class":72},[56,43514,77],{"class":76},[56,43516,3988],{"class":378},[56,43518,156],{"class":76},[56,43520,9171],{"class":25284},[56,43522,99],{"class":76},[20,43524,43525],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[173,43527,43528,43533],{},[176,43529,2638,43530,43532],{},[15,43531,34840],{}," to discover options",[176,43534,2638,43535,43537],{},[15,43536,35556],{}," to understand one option",[42,43539,3374],{"id":3373},[20,43541,43542,43543,156],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43544,35556],{},[353,43546,958,43548,43551,43552],{"id":43547},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43549,43550],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43553,43554],{},"help(len)",[20,43556,43557],{},"These are not always the same.",[47,43559,43561],{"className":49,"code":43560,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43562,43563,43573],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43564,43565,43567,43569,43571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43566,32683],{"class":72},[56,43568,77],{"class":76},[56,43570,1266],{"class":72},[56,43572,99],{"class":76},[56,43574,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43576,32683],{"class":72},[56,43578,77],{"class":76},[56,43580,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43582,1266],{"class":1020},[56,43584,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43586,99],{"class":76},[20,43588,43589,43591],{},[15,43590,43554],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43593,43594,43596,43597,43600],{},[15,43595,43550],{}," treats ",[15,43598,43599],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[353,43602,43604],{"id":43603},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43606,43607,43609],{},[15,43608,35556],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43611,43612],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[353,43614,43616],{"id":43615},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43618,40854,43619,43621],{},[15,43620,35556],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43623,986],{},[47,43625,43627],{"className":49,"code":43626,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43628,43629,43639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43630,43631,43633,43635,43637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43632,32683],{"class":72},[56,43634,77],{"class":76},[56,43636,1266],{"class":72},[56,43638,99],{"class":76},[56,43640,43641,43643,43645,43647,43650,43652],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43642,373],{"class":72},[56,43644,77],{"class":76},[56,43646,1017],{"class":1016},[56,43648,43649],{"class":1020},"Done",[56,43651,1017],{"class":1016},[56,43653,99],{"class":76},[20,43655,43656],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[353,43658,37718,43660,9236,43662],{"id":43659},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43661,35556],{},[15,43663,34840],{},[20,43665,43666,43667,156],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43668,34840],{},[20,43670,43671,43672,156],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43673,35556],{},[42,43675,43677],{"id":43676},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43679,43680],{},"Open Python:",[47,43682,43683],{"className":49,"code":36072,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,43684,43685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43686,43687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43688,36072],{"class":65},[20,43690,43691],{},"Then test these commands:",[47,43693,43695],{"className":49,"code":43694,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43696,43697,43707,43721,43735,43745,43760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43698,43699,43701,43703,43705],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43700,32683],{"class":72},[56,43702,77],{"class":76},[56,43704,1266],{"class":72},[56,43706,99],{"class":76},[56,43708,43709,43711,43713,43715,43717,43719],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43710,32683],{"class":72},[56,43712,77],{"class":76},[56,43714,3988],{"class":378},[56,43716,156],{"class":76},[56,43718,34998],{"class":25284},[56,43720,99],{"class":76},[56,43722,43723,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43724,32683],{"class":72},[56,43726,77],{"class":76},[56,43728,379],{"class":378},[56,43730,156],{"class":76},[56,43732,14087],{"class":25284},[56,43734,99],{"class":76},[56,43736,43737,43739,43741,43743],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,43738,32683],{"class":72},[56,43740,77],{"class":76},[56,43742,42934],{"class":72},[56,43744,99],{"class":76},[56,43746,43747,43749,43751,43753,43756,43758],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,43748,32683],{"class":72},[56,43750,77],{"class":76},[56,43752,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43754,43755],{"class":1020},"keywords",[56,43757,3844],{"class":1016},[56,43759,99],{"class":76},[56,43761,43762,43764,43766,43768],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,43763,34901],{"class":72},[56,43765,77],{"class":76},[56,43767,3988],{"class":378},[56,43769,99],{"class":76},[20,43771,43772],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[173,43774,43775,43778,43781,43784,43787,43790],{},[176,43776,43777],{},"A built-in function",[176,43779,43780],{},"A string method",[176,43782,43783],{},"A list method",[176,43785,43786],{},"A built-in file function",[176,43788,43789],{},"A special help topic",[176,43791,15723,43792,43794],{},[15,43793,34840],{}," example for comparison",[42,43796,2343],{"id":2342},[353,43798,43800],{"id":43799},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43802,43803],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[353,43805,43807],{"id":43806},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43809,43810,43811,43813],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43812,35556],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[47,43815,43817],{"className":49,"code":43816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43818,43819,43831,43844,43863,43867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43820,43821,43823,43825,43827,43829],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43822,35381],{"class":2610},[56,43824,35385],{"class":35384},[56,43826,77],{"class":76},[56,43828,8201],{"class":38174},[56,43830,84],{"class":76},[56,43832,43833,43837,43841],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,43834,43836],{"class":43835},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[56,43838,43840],{"class":43839},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[56,43842,43843],{"class":43835},"\"\"\"\n",[56,43845,43846,43848,43851,43854,43856,43858,43860],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43847,35392],{"class":62},[56,43849,43850],{"class":2610}," f",[56,43852,43853],{"class":1020},"\"Hello, ",[56,43855,9810],{"class":80},[56,43857,8201],{"class":65},[56,43859,22839],{"class":80},[56,43861,43862],{"class":1020},"!\"\n",[56,43864,43865],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,43866,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,43868,43869,43871,43873,43875],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,43870,32683],{"class":72},[56,43872,77],{"class":76},[56,43874,35426],{"class":95},[56,43876,99],{"class":76},[353,43878,43880],{"id":43879},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43882,43883,43885,43886,43888],{},[15,43884,43554],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43887,43550],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[353,43890,43892],{"id":43891},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43894,43895],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[42,43897,2417],{"id":2416},[173,43899,43900,43905,43909,43914,43919],{},[176,43901,43902],{},[264,43903,43904],{"href":43112},"Python dir() function explained",[176,43906,43907],{},[264,43908,8972],{"href":2844},[176,43910,43911],{},[264,43912,43913],{"href":1328},"Python len() function explained",[176,43915,43916],{},[264,43917,43918],{"href":43159},"How import works in Python",[176,43920,43921],{},[264,43922,35686],{"href":43164},[20,43924,43925,43926,43928,43929,2735,43931,17607,43933,43935,43936,3422,43939,43942],{},"Try ",[15,43927,35556],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43930,1266],{},[15,43932,373],{},[15,43934,1956],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43937,43938],{},"dir(str)",[15,43940,43941],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2451,43944,43945],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":43947},[43948,43949,43950,43951,43957,43958,43959,43960,43964,43972,43973,43979],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":42832,"depth":87,"text":42833},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":42955,"depth":87,"text":42956,"children":43952},[43953,43954,43955,43956],{"id":42959,"depth":102,"text":42960},{"id":43011,"depth":102,"text":43012},{"id":35035,"depth":102,"text":42852},{"id":35188,"depth":102,"text":42855},{"id":35446,"depth":87,"text":35447},{"id":43231,"depth":87,"text":43232},{"id":43292,"depth":87,"text":43293},{"id":43434,"depth":87,"text":43435,"children":43961},[43962,43963],{"id":32683,"depth":102,"text":35556},{"id":34901,"depth":102,"text":34840},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":43965},[43966,43968,43969,43970],{"id":43547,"depth":102,"text":43967},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43603,"depth":102,"text":43604},{"id":43615,"depth":102,"text":43616},{"id":43659,"depth":102,"text":43971},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43676,"depth":87,"text":43677},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":43974},[43975,43976,43977,43978],{"id":43799,"depth":102,"text":43800},{"id":43806,"depth":102,"text":43807},{"id":43879,"depth":102,"text":43880},{"id":43891,"depth":102,"text":43892},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42761,"description":43980},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43986,"title":43987,"body":43988,"description":45350,"extension":2509,"meta":45351,"navigation":105,"path":45352,"seo":45353,"stem":45354,"__hash__":45355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43989,"toc":45323},[43990,43996,44001,44007,44017,44076,44086,44097,44102,44108,44110,44128,44136,44138,44140,44155,44158,44169,44171,44262,44265,44269,44274,44295,44297,44408,44410,44437,44448,44452,44455,44538,44540,44548,44554,44560,44564,44567,44677,44679,44692,44695,44709,44717,44724,44729,44743,44749,44862,44864,44925,44928,44934,44940,44943,44965,44968,45038,45041,45073,45080,45082,45085,45103,45106,45118,45124,45126,45131,45157,45160,45232,45234,45240,45243,45249,45252,45258,45268,45274,45277,45284,45287,45289,45320],[10,43991,13,43993,18],{"id":43992},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43994,43995],{},"id()",[20,43997,22,43998,44000],{},[15,43999,43995],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,44002,44003,44004,44006],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,44005,43995],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,44008,2638,44009,44011,44012,44014,44015,156],{},[15,44010,43995],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[37,44013,5170],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44016,5228],{},[47,44018,44020],{"className":49,"code":44019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,44021,44022,44034,44048,44052,44062],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44023,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44025,8409],{"class":65},[56,44027,1217],{"class":827},[56,44029,1231],{"class":1016},[56,44031,7829],{"class":1020},[56,44033,3903],{"class":1016},[56,44035,44036,44038,44040,44042,44044,44046],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44037,373],{"class":72},[56,44039,77],{"class":76},[56,44041,13183],{"class":72},[56,44043,77],{"class":76},[56,44045,8201],{"class":95},[56,44047,1635],{"class":76},[56,44049,44050],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44051,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,44053,44054,44057,44059],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,44055,44056],{"class":65},"other ",[56,44058,1217],{"class":827},[56,44060,44061],{"class":65}," name\n",[56,44063,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072,44074],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,44065,373],{"class":72},[56,44067,77],{"class":76},[56,44069,13183],{"class":72},[56,44071,77],{"class":76},[56,44073,31273],{"class":95},[56,44075,1635],{"class":76},[20,44077,44078,44079,44082,44083,44085],{},"In this example, ",[15,44080,44081],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44084,43995],{}," values match.",[44087,44088,44089],"blockquote",{},[20,44090,2638,44091,44093,44094,44096],{},[15,44092,43995],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44095,5228],{}," for value comparison.",[42,44098,160,44100,163],{"id":44099},"what-id-does",[15,44101,43995],{},[20,44103,44104,44107],{},[15,44105,44106],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44109,171],{},[173,44111,44112,44115,44122,44125],{},[176,44113,44114],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[176,44116,44117,44118,44121],{},"It shows ",[37,44119,44120],{},"object identity",", not object value",[176,44123,44124],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[176,44126,44127],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44129,44130,44131,44135],{},"This is closely related to how ",[264,44132,44134],{"href":44133},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[42,44137,2702],{"id":2701},[20,44139,5974],{},[47,44141,44143],{"className":49,"code":44142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"id(object)\n",[15,44144,44145],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44146,44147,44149,44151,44153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44148,13183],{"class":72},[56,44150,77],{"class":76},[56,44152,42906],{"class":378},[56,44154,99],{"class":76},[20,44156,44157],{},"Important details:",[173,44159,44160,44163,44166],{},[176,44161,44162],{},"It takes one argument",[176,44164,44165],{},"It returns an integer",[176,44167,44168],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44170,986],{},[47,44172,44174],{"className":49,"code":44173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44175,44176,44188,44196,44216,44220,44234,44248],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44177,44178,44180,44182,44184,44186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44179,35217],{"class":65},[56,44181,1217],{"class":827},[56,44183,1231],{"class":1016},[56,44185,4386],{"class":1020},[56,44187,3903],{"class":1016},[56,44189,44190,44192,44194],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44191,2763],{"class":65},[56,44193,1217],{"class":827},[56,44195,3312],{"class":80},[56,44197,44198,44200,44202,44204,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44199,1214],{"class":65},[56,44201,1217],{"class":827},[56,44203,1220],{"class":76},[56,44205,529],{"class":80},[56,44207,306],{"class":76},[56,44209,414],{"class":80},[56,44211,306],{"class":76},[56,44213,419],{"class":80},[56,44215,427],{"class":76},[56,44217,44218],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,44219,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,44221,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,44223,373],{"class":72},[56,44225,77],{"class":76},[56,44227,13183],{"class":72},[56,44229,77],{"class":76},[56,44231,35238],{"class":95},[56,44233,1635],{"class":76},[56,44235,44236,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,44237,373],{"class":72},[56,44239,77],{"class":76},[56,44241,13183],{"class":72},[56,44243,77],{"class":76},[56,44245,234],{"class":95},[56,44247,1635],{"class":76},[56,44249,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258,44260],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,44251,373],{"class":72},[56,44253,77],{"class":76},[56,44255,13183],{"class":72},[56,44257,77],{"class":76},[56,44259,1271],{"class":95},[56,44261,1635],{"class":76},[20,44263,44264],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[42,44266,44268],{"id":44267},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44270,44271,44272,156],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44273,43995],{},[173,44275,44276,44283,44290],{},[176,44277,44278,44280,44281],{},[15,44279,5228],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[37,44282,3017],{},[176,44284,44285,44287,44288],{},[15,44286,1176],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[37,44289,42906],{},[176,44291,44292,44294],{},[15,44293,43995],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44296,986],{},[47,44298,44300],{"className":49,"code":44299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44301,44302,44322,44342,44346,44363,44380,44394],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44303,44304,44306,44308,44310,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44305,3098],{"class":65},[56,44307,1217],{"class":827},[56,44309,1220],{"class":76},[56,44311,529],{"class":80},[56,44313,306],{"class":76},[56,44315,414],{"class":80},[56,44317,306],{"class":76},[56,44319,419],{"class":80},[56,44321,427],{"class":76},[56,44323,44324,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338,44340],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44325,3125],{"class":65},[56,44327,1217],{"class":827},[56,44329,1220],{"class":76},[56,44331,529],{"class":80},[56,44333,306],{"class":76},[56,44335,414],{"class":80},[56,44337,306],{"class":76},[56,44339,419],{"class":80},[56,44341,427],{"class":76},[56,44343,44344],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44345,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,44347,44348,44350,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,44349,373],{"class":72},[56,44351,77],{"class":76},[56,44353,3098],{"class":95},[56,44355,5228],{"class":827},[56,44357,3103],{"class":95},[56,44359,4202],{"class":76},[56,44361,44362],{"class":112},"   # True\n",[56,44364,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,44366,373],{"class":72},[56,44368,77],{"class":76},[56,44370,3098],{"class":95},[56,44372,1176],{"class":62},[56,44374,3103],{"class":95},[56,44376,4202],{"class":76},[56,44378,44379],{"class":112},"   # False\n",[56,44381,44382,44384,44386,44388,44390,44392],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,44383,373],{"class":72},[56,44385,77],{"class":76},[56,44387,13183],{"class":72},[56,44389,77],{"class":76},[56,44391,264],{"class":95},[56,44393,1635],{"class":76},[56,44395,44396,44398,44400,44402,44404,44406],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,44397,373],{"class":72},[56,44399,77],{"class":76},[56,44401,13183],{"class":72},[56,44403,77],{"class":76},[56,44405,1234],{"class":95},[56,44407,1635],{"class":76},[20,44409,2724],{},[173,44411,44412,44420,44428],{},[176,44413,44414,5322,44417,44419],{},[15,44415,44416],{},"a == b",[15,44418,4146],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[176,44421,44422,5322,44425,44427],{},[15,44423,44424],{},"a is b",[15,44426,4215],{}," because they are different list objects",[176,44429,44430,4935,44433,44436],{},[15,44431,44432],{},"id(a)",[15,44434,44435],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44438,44439,44440,4935,44444,156],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[264,44441,44443],{"href":44442},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[264,44445,44447],{"href":44446},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[42,44449,44451],{"id":44450},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44453,44454],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[47,44456,44458],{"className":49,"code":44457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44459,44460,44480,44490,44494,44508,44523],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44461,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470,44472,44474,44476,44478],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44463,1594],{"class":65},[56,44465,1217],{"class":827},[56,44467,1220],{"class":76},[56,44469,2291],{"class":80},[56,44471,306],{"class":76},[56,44473,8323],{"class":80},[56,44475,306],{"class":76},[56,44477,8328],{"class":80},[56,44479,427],{"class":76},[56,44481,44482,44485,44487],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44483,44484],{"class":65},"other_numbers ",[56,44486,1217],{"class":827},[56,44488,44489],{"class":65}," numbers\n",[56,44491,44492],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44493,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,44495,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,44497,373],{"class":72},[56,44499,77],{"class":76},[56,44501,13183],{"class":72},[56,44503,77],{"class":76},[56,44505,1618],{"class":95},[56,44507,1635],{"class":76},[56,44509,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518,44521],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,44511,373],{"class":72},[56,44513,77],{"class":76},[56,44515,13183],{"class":72},[56,44517,77],{"class":76},[56,44519,44520],{"class":95},"other_numbers",[56,44522,1635],{"class":76},[56,44524,44525,44527,44529,44531,44533,44536],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,44526,373],{"class":72},[56,44528,77],{"class":76},[56,44530,1594],{"class":95},[56,44532,1176],{"class":62},[56,44534,44535],{"class":95}," other_numbers",[56,44537,99],{"class":76},[20,44539,6098],{},[47,44541,44542],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,44543,44544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44545,44546],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44547,4519],{"class":4393},[20,44549,44550,44551,44553],{},"The two ",[15,44552,43995],{}," values will also match.",[20,44555,22725,44556,44559],{},[15,44557,44558],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[42,44561,44563],{"id":44562},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44565,44566],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[47,44568,44570],{"className":49,"code":44569,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44571,44572,44593,44614,44618,44633,44647,44662],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44573,44574,44577,44579,44581,44583,44585,44587,44589,44591],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44575,44576],{"class":65},"list_a ",[56,44578,1217],{"class":827},[56,44580,1220],{"class":76},[56,44582,529],{"class":80},[56,44584,306],{"class":76},[56,44586,414],{"class":80},[56,44588,306],{"class":76},[56,44590,419],{"class":80},[56,44592,427],{"class":76},[56,44594,44595,44598,44600,44602,44604,44606,44608,44610,44612],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44596,44597],{"class":65},"list_b ",[56,44599,1217],{"class":827},[56,44601,1220],{"class":76},[56,44603,529],{"class":80},[56,44605,306],{"class":76},[56,44607,414],{"class":80},[56,44609,306],{"class":76},[56,44611,419],{"class":80},[56,44613,427],{"class":76},[56,44615,44616],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44617,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44631],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,44621,373],{"class":72},[56,44623,77],{"class":76},[56,44625,44576],{"class":95},[56,44627,5228],{"class":827},[56,44629,44630],{"class":95}," list_b",[56,44632,99],{"class":76},[56,44634,44635,44637,44639,44641,44643,44645],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,44636,373],{"class":72},[56,44638,77],{"class":76},[56,44640,44576],{"class":95},[56,44642,1176],{"class":62},[56,44644,44630],{"class":95},[56,44646,99],{"class":76},[56,44648,44649,44651,44653,44655,44657,44660],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,44650,373],{"class":72},[56,44652,77],{"class":76},[56,44654,13183],{"class":72},[56,44656,77],{"class":76},[56,44658,44659],{"class":95},"list_a",[56,44661,1635],{"class":76},[56,44663,44664,44666,44668,44670,44672,44675],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,44665,373],{"class":72},[56,44667,77],{"class":76},[56,44669,13183],{"class":72},[56,44671,77],{"class":76},[56,44673,44674],{"class":95},"list_b",[56,44676,1635],{"class":76},[20,44678,6098],{},[47,44680,44682],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44683,44684,44688],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44685,44686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44687,4519],{"class":4393},[56,44689,44690],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44691,4580],{"class":4393},[20,44693,44694],{},"What this means:",[173,44696,44697,44700,44703],{},[176,44698,44699],{},"The lists are equal in value",[176,44701,44702],{},"They are not the same object",[176,44704,44705,44706,44708],{},"Their ",[15,44707,43995],{}," values are usually different",[20,44710,44711,44712,44714,44715,156],{},"This is why ",[15,44713,43995],{}," should not replace ",[15,44716,5228],{},[42,44718,44720,44721,44723],{"id":44719},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44722,43995],{}," is useful",[20,44725,44726,44728],{},[15,44727,43995],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[173,44730,44731,44734,44737,44740],{},[176,44732,44733],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[176,44735,44736],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[176,44738,44739],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[176,44741,44742],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44744,44745,44746,44748],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44747,43995],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[47,44750,44752],{"className":49,"code":44751,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44753,44754,44778,44787,44791,44810,44814,44824,44834,44848],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44755,44756,44758,44760,44762,44764,44766,44768,44770,44772,44774,44776],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44757,12620],{"class":65},[56,44759,1217],{"class":827},[56,44761,1220],{"class":76},[56,44763,1017],{"class":1016},[56,44765,264],{"class":1020},[56,44767,1017],{"class":1016},[56,44769,306],{"class":76},[56,44771,1231],{"class":1016},[56,44773,1234],{"class":1020},[56,44775,1017],{"class":1016},[56,44777,427],{"class":76},[56,44779,44780,44783,44785],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44781,44782],{"class":65},"copy_ref ",[56,44784,1217],{"class":827},[56,44786,12658],{"class":65},[56,44788,44789],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44790,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,44792,44793,44796,44798,44800,44802,44804,44806,44808],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,44794,44795],{"class":65},"copy_ref",[56,44797,156],{"class":76},[56,44799,14087],{"class":95},[56,44801,77],{"class":76},[56,44803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,44805,1243],{"class":1020},[56,44807,1017],{"class":1016},[56,44809,99],{"class":76},[56,44811,44812],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,44813,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,44815,44816,44818,44820,44822],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,44817,373],{"class":72},[56,44819,77],{"class":76},[56,44821,12667],{"class":95},[56,44823,99],{"class":76},[56,44825,44826,44828,44830,44832],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,44827,373],{"class":72},[56,44829,77],{"class":76},[56,44831,44795],{"class":95},[56,44833,99],{"class":76},[56,44835,44836,44838,44840,44842,44844,44846],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,44837,373],{"class":72},[56,44839,77],{"class":76},[56,44841,13183],{"class":72},[56,44843,77],{"class":76},[56,44845,12667],{"class":95},[56,44847,1635],{"class":76},[56,44849,44850,44852,44854,44856,44858,44860],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,44851,373],{"class":72},[56,44853,77],{"class":76},[56,44855,13183],{"class":72},[56,44857,77],{"class":76},[56,44859,44795],{"class":95},[56,44861,1635],{"class":76},[20,44863,6098],{},[47,44865,44867],{"className":49,"code":44866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44868,44869,44897],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44870,44871,44873,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887,44889,44891,44893,44895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44872,402],{"class":76},[56,44874,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44876,264],{"class":1020},[56,44878,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44880,306],{"class":76},[56,44882,3839],{"class":1016},[56,44884,1234],{"class":1020},[56,44886,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44888,306],{"class":76},[56,44890,3839],{"class":1016},[56,44892,1243],{"class":1020},[56,44894,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44896,427],{"class":76},[56,44898,44899,44901,44903,44905,44907,44909,44911,44913,44915,44917,44919,44921,44923],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44900,402],{"class":76},[56,44902,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44904,264],{"class":1020},[56,44906,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44908,306],{"class":76},[56,44910,3839],{"class":1016},[56,44912,1234],{"class":1020},[56,44914,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44916,306],{"class":76},[56,44918,3839],{"class":1016},[56,44920,1243],{"class":1020},[56,44922,3844],{"class":1016},[56,44924,427],{"class":76},[20,44926,44927],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[42,44929,44931,44932],{"id":44930},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44933,43995],{},[20,44935,44936,44937,44939],{},"Do not use ",[15,44938,43995],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44941,44942],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[173,44944,44945,44951,44957,44960],{},[176,44946,44947,44948,44950],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44949,5228],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[176,44952,44953,44954,44956],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44955,43995],{}," values across program runs",[176,44958,44959],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[176,44961,44962,44963],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44964,43995],{},[20,44966,44967],{},"Bad example:",[47,44969,44971],{"className":49,"code":44970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44972,44973,44985,44997,45001,45023],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44974,44975,44977,44979,44981,44983],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44976,3098],{"class":65},[56,44978,1217],{"class":827},[56,44980,1231],{"class":1016},[56,44982,37561],{"class":1020},[56,44984,3903],{"class":1016},[56,44986,44987,44989,44991,44993,44995],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,44988,3125],{"class":65},[56,44990,1217],{"class":827},[56,44992,1231],{"class":1016},[56,44994,37561],{"class":1020},[56,44996,3903],{"class":1016},[56,44998,44999],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45000,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,45002,45003,45005,45007,45009,45011,45013,45015,45017,45019,45021],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,45004,7529],{"class":62},[56,45006,15351],{"class":72},[56,45008,77],{"class":76},[56,45010,264],{"class":95},[56,45012,4202],{"class":76},[56,45014,6941],{"class":827},[56,45016,15351],{"class":72},[56,45018,77],{"class":76},[56,45020,1234],{"class":95},[56,45022,84],{"class":76},[56,45024,45025,45027,45029,45031,45034,45036],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,45026,90],{"class":72},[56,45028,77],{"class":76},[56,45030,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45032,45033],{"class":1020},"The values are equal",[56,45035,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45037,99],{"class":76},[20,45039,45040],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[47,45042,45044],{"className":49,"code":45043,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45045,45046,45059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45047,45048,45050,45053,45055,45057],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45049,7529],{"class":62},[56,45051,45052],{"class":65}," a ",[56,45054,5228],{"class":827},[56,45056,3103],{"class":65},[56,45058,1390],{"class":76},[56,45060,45061,45063,45065,45067,45069,45071],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45062,90],{"class":72},[56,45064,77],{"class":76},[56,45066,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45068,45033],{"class":1020},[56,45070,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45072,99],{"class":76},[20,45074,2638,45075,3422,45077,45079],{},[15,45076,1176],{},[15,45078,43995],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[42,45081,21336],{"id":21335},[20,45083,45084],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[173,45086,45087,45090,45093,45098],{},[176,45088,45089],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[176,45091,45092],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[176,45094,45095,45096],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45097,43995],{},[176,45099,45100,45101],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45102,43995],{},[20,45104,45105],{},"The important rule is:",[173,45107,45108,45113],{},[176,45109,2638,45110,45112],{},[15,45111,5228],{}," to check value",[176,45114,2638,45115,45117],{},[15,45116,1176],{}," to check identity",[20,45119,45120,45121,45123],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45122,43995],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[42,45125,3374],{"id":3373},[20,45127,45128,45129,1045],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45130,43995],{},[173,45132,45133,45141,45144,45147,45152],{},[176,45134,958,45135,45137,45138,45140],{},[15,45136,43995],{}," when ",[15,45139,5228],{}," should be used",[176,45142,45143],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[176,45145,45146],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[176,45148,45149,45150],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45151,43995],{},[176,45153,958,45154,45156],{},[15,45155,43995],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45158,45159],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[47,45161,45163],{"className":49,"code":45162,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45164,45165,45180,45194,45208,45222],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45166,45167,45169,45171,45173,45175,45178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45168,373],{"class":72},[56,45170,77],{"class":76},[56,45172,13183],{"class":72},[56,45174,77],{"class":76},[56,45176,45177],{"class":95},"my_object",[56,45179,1635],{"class":76},[56,45181,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190,45192],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45183,373],{"class":72},[56,45185,77],{"class":76},[56,45187,3098],{"class":95},[56,45189,5228],{"class":827},[56,45191,3103],{"class":95},[56,45193,99],{"class":76},[56,45195,45196,45198,45200,45202,45204,45206],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45197,373],{"class":72},[56,45199,77],{"class":76},[56,45201,3098],{"class":95},[56,45203,1176],{"class":62},[56,45205,3103],{"class":95},[56,45207,99],{"class":76},[56,45209,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,45211,373],{"class":72},[56,45213,77],{"class":76},[56,45215,2312],{"class":378},[56,45217,77],{"class":76},[56,45219,45177],{"class":95},[56,45221,1635],{"class":76},[56,45223,45224,45226,45228,45230],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,45225,32683],{"class":72},[56,45227,77],{"class":76},[56,45229,13183],{"class":72},[56,45231,99],{"class":76},[42,45233,2343],{"id":2342},[353,45235,45237,45238,13249],{"id":45236},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45239,43995],{},[20,45241,45242],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[353,45244,2385,45246,45248],{"id":45245},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45247,43995],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45250,45251],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[353,45253,21956,45255,45257],{"id":45254},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45256,43995],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45259,30800,45260,45262,45263,3422,45265,45267],{},[15,45261,5228],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45264,43995],{},[15,45266,1176],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[353,45269,45271,45272,2363],{"id":45270},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45273,43995],{},[20,45275,45276],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[353,45278,45280,45281,45283],{"id":45279},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45282,43995],{}," values?",[20,45285,45286],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[42,45288,2417],{"id":2416},[173,45290,45291,45296,45301,45306,45314],{},[176,45292,45293],{},[264,45294,45295],{"href":44133},"Python variables explained for beginners",[176,45297,45298],{},[264,45299,45300],{"href":44442},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[176,45302,45303],{},[264,45304,45305],{"href":44446},"Python data types overview",[176,45307,45308],{},[264,45309,13,45311,2430],{"href":45310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45312,45313],{},"isinstance()",[176,45315,45316],{},[264,45317,45319],{"href":45318},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2451,45321,45322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":45324},[45325,45327,45328,45329,45330,45331,45333,45335,45336,45337,45349],{"id":44099,"depth":87,"text":45326},"What id() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":44267,"depth":87,"text":44268},{"id":44450,"depth":87,"text":44451},{"id":44562,"depth":87,"text":44563},{"id":44719,"depth":87,"text":45332},"When id() is useful",{"id":44930,"depth":87,"text":45334},"When not to use id()",{"id":21335,"depth":87,"text":21336},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":45338},[45339,45341,45343,45345,45347],{"id":45236,"depth":102,"text":45340},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45245,"depth":102,"text":45342},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45254,"depth":102,"text":45344},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45270,"depth":102,"text":45346},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45279,"depth":102,"text":45348},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43987,"description":45350},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45357,"title":42703,"body":45358,"description":46996,"extension":2509,"meta":46997,"navigation":105,"path":46998,"seo":46999,"stem":47000,"__hash__":47001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45359,"toc":46962},[45360,45365,45370,45373,45375,45418,45423,45426,45431,45436,45439,45455,45457,45501,45503,45530,45532,45547,45549,45551,45553,45569,45571,45583,45586,45620,45623,45648,45653,45655,45660,45664,45667,45669,45717,45719,45752,45758,45769,45771,45822,45824,45855,45857,45861,45865,45908,45914,45920,45972,45980,45985,45989,46080,46082,46114,46117,46119,46179,46181,46207,46217,46219,46223,46228,46233,46235,46272,46274,46293,46296,46300,46303,46359,46371,46380,46382,46409,46417,46424,46428,46431,46468,46471,46477,46514,46516,46520,46526,46544,46549,46597,46601,46690,46693,46700,46702,46704,46709,46727,46729,46772,46778,46795,46797,46859,46861,46863,46869,46877,46883,46889,46898,46908,46912,46920,46922,46924,46959],[10,45361,13,45363,18],{"id":45362},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45364,1871],{},[20,45366,2526,45367,45369],{},[15,45368,1871],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45371,45372],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[42,45374,45],{"id":44},[47,45376,45378],{"className":49,"code":45377,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45379,45380,45399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45381,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392,45395,45397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45383,8409],{"class":65},[56,45385,1217],{"class":827},[56,45387,1886],{"class":72},[56,45389,77],{"class":76},[56,45391,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45393,45394],{"class":1020},"Enter your name: ",[56,45396,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45398,99],{"class":76},[56,45400,45401,45403,45405,45407,45410,45412,45414,45416],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45402,373],{"class":72},[56,45404,77],{"class":76},[56,45406,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45408,45409],{"class":1020},"Hello, ",[56,45411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45413,2999],{"class":827},[56,45415,36518],{"class":95},[56,45417,99],{"class":76},[20,45419,2638,45420,45422],{},[15,45421,1871],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45424,45425],"hr",{},[42,45427,160,45429,163],{"id":45428},"what-input-does",[15,45430,1871],{},[20,45432,45433,45435],{},[15,45434,1871],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45437,45438],{},"Here is what happens:",[173,45440,45441,45446,45449,45452],{},[176,45442,45443,45445],{},[15,45444,1871],{}," waits for the user to type",[176,45447,45448],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[176,45450,45451],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[176,45453,45454],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45456,986],{},[47,45458,45460],{"className":49,"code":45459,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45461,45462,45482],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45463,45464,45467,45469,45471,45473,45475,45478,45480],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45465,45466],{"class":65},"color ",[56,45468,1217],{"class":827},[56,45470,1886],{"class":72},[56,45472,77],{"class":76},[56,45474,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45476,45477],{"class":1020},"What is your favorite color? ",[56,45479,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45481,99],{"class":76},[56,45483,45484,45486,45488,45490,45493,45495,45497,45499],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45485,373],{"class":72},[56,45487,77],{"class":76},[56,45489,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45491,45492],{"class":1020},"Your favorite color is",[56,45494,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45496,306],{"class":76},[56,45498,36377],{"class":95},[56,45500,99],{"class":76},[20,45502,30559],{},[47,45504,45506],{"className":49,"code":45505,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45507,45508,45521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45509,45510,45512,45514,45517,45519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45511,160],{"class":65},[56,45513,1176],{"class":827},[56,45515,45516],{"class":65}," your favorite color",[56,45518,2363],{"class":37881},[56,45520,36407],{"class":65},[56,45522,45523,45526,45528],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45524,45525],{"class":65},"Your favorite color ",[56,45527,1176],{"class":827},[56,45529,36407],{"class":65},[20,45531,20492],{},[173,45533,45534,45539,45544],{},[176,45535,45536,45537],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45538,45477],{},[176,45540,45541,45542],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45543,33421],{},[176,45545,45546],{},"That value is then printed",[45424,45548],{},[42,45550,2702],{"id":2701},[20,45552,7750],{},[47,45554,45556],{"className":49,"code":45555,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45557,45558],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45559,45560,45562,45564,45567],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45561,1956],{"class":72},[56,45563,77],{"class":76},[56,45565,45566],{"class":95},"prompt",[56,45568,99],{"class":76},[20,45570,11991],{},[173,45572,45573,45577,45580],{},[176,45574,2526,45575,20574],{},[15,45576,45566],{},[176,45578,45579],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[176,45581,45582],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45584,45585],{},"Example with a prompt:",[47,45587,45589],{"className":49,"code":45588,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45590,45591,45610],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45592,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45606,45608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45594,8494],{"class":65},[56,45596,1217],{"class":827},[56,45598,1886],{"class":72},[56,45600,77],{"class":76},[56,45602,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45604,45605],{"class":1020},"Enter your username: ",[56,45607,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45609,99],{"class":76},[56,45611,45612,45614,45616,45618],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45613,373],{"class":72},[56,45615,77],{"class":76},[56,45617,8518],{"class":95},[56,45619,99],{"class":76},[20,45621,45622],{},"Example without a prompt:",[47,45624,45626],{"className":49,"code":45625,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45627,45628,45638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45629,45630,45632,45634,45636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45631,2992],{"class":65},[56,45633,1217],{"class":827},[56,45635,1886],{"class":72},[56,45637,9174],{"class":76},[56,45639,45640,45642,45644,45646],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45641,373],{"class":72},[56,45643,77],{"class":76},[56,45645,3017],{"class":95},[56,45647,99],{"class":76},[20,45649,8296,45650,45652],{},[15,45651,1871],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45424,45654],{},[42,45656,160,45658,12239],{"id":45657},"what-input-returns",[15,45659,1871],{},[20,45661,45662,8757],{},[15,45663,1871],{},[20,45665,45666],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45668,986],{},[47,45670,45672],{"className":49,"code":45671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45673,45674,45693,45703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45675,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684,45686,45689,45691],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45677,22164],{"class":65},[56,45679,1217],{"class":827},[56,45681,1886],{"class":72},[56,45683,77],{"class":76},[56,45685,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45687,45688],{"class":1020},"Enter your age: ",[56,45690,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45692,99],{"class":76},[56,45694,45695,45697,45699,45701],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45696,373],{"class":72},[56,45698,77],{"class":76},[56,45700,9831],{"class":95},[56,45702,99],{"class":76},[56,45704,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45706,373],{"class":72},[56,45708,77],{"class":76},[56,45710,2312],{"class":378},[56,45712,77],{"class":76},[56,45714,9831],{"class":95},[56,45716,1635],{"class":76},[20,45718,30559],{},[47,45720,45722],{"className":49,"code":45721,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45723,45724,45734,45738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45725,45726,45729,45731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45727,45728],{"class":65},"Enter your age",[56,45730,1045],{"class":76},[56,45732,45733],{"class":80}," 25\n",[56,45735,45736],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45737,3252],{"class":80},[56,45739,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45741,3833],{"class":827},[56,45743,3836],{"class":2610},[56,45745,3839],{"class":1016},[56,45747,3988],{"class":1020},[56,45749,3844],{"class":1016},[56,45751,3847],{"class":827},[20,45753,45754,45755,45757],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45756,9725],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45759,45760,45761,3422,45765,156],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[264,45762,45763],{"href":3418},[15,45764,3421],{},[264,45766,45767],{"href":3425},[15,45768,3428],{},[20,45770,986],{},[47,45772,45774],{"className":49,"code":45773,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45775,45776,45798,45808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45777,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45794,45796],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45779,22164],{"class":65},[56,45781,1217],{"class":827},[56,45783,1951],{"class":378},[56,45785,77],{"class":76},[56,45787,1956],{"class":72},[56,45789,77],{"class":76},[56,45791,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45793,45688],{"class":1020},[56,45795,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45797,1635],{"class":76},[56,45799,45800,45802,45804,45806],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45801,373],{"class":72},[56,45803,77],{"class":76},[56,45805,9831],{"class":95},[56,45807,99],{"class":76},[56,45809,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45811,373],{"class":72},[56,45813,77],{"class":76},[56,45815,2312],{"class":378},[56,45817,77],{"class":76},[56,45819,9831],{"class":95},[56,45821,1635],{"class":76},[20,45823,30559],{},[47,45825,45827],{"className":49,"code":45826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45828,45829,45837,45841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45830,45831,45833,45835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45832,45728],{"class":65},[56,45834,1045],{"class":76},[56,45836,45733],{"class":80},[56,45838,45839],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45840,3252],{"class":80},[56,45842,45843,45845,45847,45849,45851,45853],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45844,3833],{"class":827},[56,45846,3836],{"class":2610},[56,45848,3839],{"class":1016},[56,45850,2734],{"class":1020},[56,45852,3844],{"class":1016},[56,45854,3847],{"class":827},[45424,45856],{},[42,45858,45860],{"id":45859},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[353,45862,45864],{"id":45863},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[47,45866,45868],{"className":49,"code":45867,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45869,45870,45889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45871,45872,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882,45885,45887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45873,8409],{"class":65},[56,45875,1217],{"class":827},[56,45877,1886],{"class":72},[56,45879,77],{"class":76},[56,45881,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45883,45884],{"class":1020},"What is your name? ",[56,45886,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45888,99],{"class":76},[56,45890,45891,45893,45895,45897,45900,45902,45904,45906],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45892,373],{"class":72},[56,45894,77],{"class":76},[56,45896,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45898,45899],{"class":1020},"Hello,",[56,45901,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45903,306],{"class":76},[56,45905,36518],{"class":95},[56,45907,99],{"class":76},[20,45909,45910,45911,45913],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45912,8201],{}," and prints it.",[353,45915,45917,45918],{"id":45916},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45919,3421],{},[47,45921,45923],{"className":49,"code":45922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45924,45925,45948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45926,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941,45944,45946],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45928,22164],{"class":65},[56,45930,1217],{"class":827},[56,45932,1951],{"class":378},[56,45934,77],{"class":76},[56,45936,1956],{"class":72},[56,45938,77],{"class":76},[56,45940,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45942,45943],{"class":1020},"How old are you? ",[56,45945,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45947,1635],{"class":76},[56,45949,45950,45952,45954,45956,45959,45961,45963,45966,45968,45970],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,45951,373],{"class":72},[56,45953,77],{"class":76},[56,45955,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45957,45958],{"class":1020},"Next year you will be",[56,45960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,45962,306],{"class":76},[56,45964,45965],{"class":95}," age ",[56,45967,2605],{"class":827},[56,45969,409],{"class":80},[56,45971,99],{"class":76},[20,45973,6595,45974,45976,45977,45979],{},[15,45975,3421],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45978,1871],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45981,45982,45983,156],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[264,45984,9512],{"href":9511},[353,45986,45988],{"id":45987},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[47,45990,45992],{"className":49,"code":45991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45993,45994,46018,46042,46056,46060],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45995,45996,45999,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011,46014,46016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45997,45998],{"class":65},"num1 ",[56,46000,1217],{"class":827},[56,46002,1951],{"class":378},[56,46004,77],{"class":76},[56,46006,1956],{"class":72},[56,46008,77],{"class":76},[56,46010,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46012,46013],{"class":1020},"Enter the first number: ",[56,46015,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46017,1635],{"class":76},[56,46019,46020,46023,46025,46027,46029,46031,46033,46035,46038,46040],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46021,46022],{"class":65},"num2 ",[56,46024,1217],{"class":827},[56,46026,1951],{"class":378},[56,46028,77],{"class":76},[56,46030,1956],{"class":72},[56,46032,77],{"class":76},[56,46034,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46036,46037],{"class":1020},"Enter the second number: ",[56,46039,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46041,1635],{"class":76},[56,46043,46044,46046,46048,46051,46053],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46045,41693],{"class":65},[56,46047,1217],{"class":827},[56,46049,46050],{"class":65}," num1 ",[56,46052,2605],{"class":827},[56,46054,46055],{"class":65}," num2\n",[56,46057,46058],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,46059,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,46061,46062,46064,46066,46068,46071,46073,46075,46078],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,46063,373],{"class":72},[56,46065,77],{"class":76},[56,46067,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46069,46070],{"class":1020},"Total:",[56,46072,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46074,306],{"class":76},[56,46076,46077],{"class":95}," total",[56,46079,99],{"class":76},[20,46081,30559],{},[47,46083,46085],{"className":49,"code":46084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46086,46087,46096,46105],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46088,46089,46092,46094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46090,46091],{"class":65},"Enter the first number",[56,46093,1045],{"class":76},[56,46095,1066],{"class":80},[56,46097,46098,46101,46103],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46099,46100],{"class":65},"Enter the second number",[56,46102,1045],{"class":76},[56,46104,1195],{"class":80},[56,46106,46107,46110,46112],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46108,46109],{"class":65},"Total",[56,46111,1045],{"class":76},[56,46113,35372],{"class":80},[20,46115,46116],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46118,986],{},[47,46120,46122],{"className":49,"code":46121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46123,46124,46142,46160,46164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46125,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134,46136,46138,46140],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46127,45998],{"class":65},[56,46129,1217],{"class":827},[56,46131,1886],{"class":72},[56,46133,77],{"class":76},[56,46135,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46137,46013],{"class":1020},[56,46139,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46141,99],{"class":76},[56,46143,46144,46146,46148,46150,46152,46154,46156,46158],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46145,46022],{"class":65},[56,46147,1217],{"class":827},[56,46149,1886],{"class":72},[56,46151,77],{"class":76},[56,46153,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46155,46037],{"class":1020},[56,46157,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46159,99],{"class":76},[56,46161,46162],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46163,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,46165,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174,46177],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,46167,373],{"class":72},[56,46169,77],{"class":76},[56,46171,45998],{"class":95},[56,46173,2605],{"class":827},[56,46175,46176],{"class":95}," num2",[56,46178,99],{"class":76},[20,46180,30559],{},[47,46182,46184],{"className":49,"code":46183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46185,46186,46194,46202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46187,46188,46190,46192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46189,46091],{"class":65},[56,46191,1045],{"class":76},[56,46193,1066],{"class":80},[56,46195,46196,46198,46200],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46197,46100],{"class":65},[56,46199,1045],{"class":76},[56,46201,1195],{"class":80},[56,46203,46204],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46205,46206],{"class":80},"23\n",[20,46208,46209,46210,46213,46214,156],{},"That happens because ",[15,46211,46212],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46215,46216],{},"\"23\"",[45424,46218],{},[42,46220,46222],{"id":46221},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46224,46225,46226,156],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46227,1871],{},[353,46229,2103,46231,42053],{"id":46230},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46232,1871],{},[20,46234,39709],{},[47,46236,46238],{"className":49,"code":46237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46239,46240,46258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46241,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46243,2992],{"class":65},[56,46245,1217],{"class":827},[56,46247,1886],{"class":72},[56,46249,77],{"class":76},[56,46251,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46253,1893],{"class":1020},[56,46255,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46257,99],{"class":76},[56,46259,46260,46262,46264,46266,46268,46270],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46261,373],{"class":72},[56,46263,77],{"class":76},[56,46265,2312],{"class":378},[56,46267,77],{"class":76},[56,46269,3017],{"class":95},[56,46271,1635],{"class":76},[20,46273,239],{},[47,46275,46277],{"className":49,"code":46276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46278,46279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46280,46281,46283,46285,46287,46289,46291],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46282,3833],{"class":827},[56,46284,3836],{"class":2610},[56,46286,3839],{"class":1016},[56,46288,3988],{"class":1020},[56,46290,3844],{"class":1016},[56,46292,3847],{"class":827},[20,46294,46295],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[353,46297,46299],{"id":46298},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46301,46302],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[47,46304,46306],{"className":49,"code":46305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46307,46308,46326,46345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46309,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318,46320,46322,46324],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46311,3098],{"class":65},[56,46313,1217],{"class":827},[56,46315,1886],{"class":72},[56,46317,77],{"class":76},[56,46319,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46321,1893],{"class":1020},[56,46323,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46325,99],{"class":76},[56,46327,46328,46330,46332,46334,46336,46338,46341,46343],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46329,3125],{"class":65},[56,46331,1217],{"class":827},[56,46333,1886],{"class":72},[56,46335,77],{"class":76},[56,46337,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46339,46340],{"class":1020},"Enter another number: ",[56,46342,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46344,99],{"class":76},[56,46346,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46348,373],{"class":72},[56,46350,77],{"class":76},[56,46352,3098],{"class":95},[56,46354,2605],{"class":827},[56,46356,3103],{"class":95},[56,46358,99],{"class":76},[20,46360,41631,46361,4935,46363,46365,46366,1807,46369,156],{},[15,46362,1603],{},[15,46364,81],{},", the result is ",[15,46367,46368],{},"45",[15,46370,786],{},[353,46372,46374,46375,46377,46378],{"id":46373},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46376,953],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46379,3421],{},[20,46381,986],{},[47,46383,46385],{"className":49,"code":46384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46386,46387],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46388,46389,46391,46393,46395,46397,46399,46401,46403,46405,46407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46390,22164],{"class":65},[56,46392,1217],{"class":827},[56,46394,1951],{"class":378},[56,46396,77],{"class":76},[56,46398,1956],{"class":72},[56,46400,77],{"class":76},[56,46402,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46404,45688],{"class":1020},[56,46406,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46408,1635],{"class":76},[20,46410,8802,46411,46414,46415,156],{},[15,46412,46413],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46416,953],{},[20,46418,46419,46420,156],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[264,46421,46423],{"href":46422},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[353,46425,46427],{"id":46426},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46429,46430],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[47,46432,46434],{"className":49,"code":46433,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46435,46436,46454],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46437,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446,46448,46450,46452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46439,8409],{"class":65},[56,46441,1217],{"class":827},[56,46443,1886],{"class":72},[56,46445,77],{"class":76},[56,46447,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46449,45394],{"class":1020},[56,46451,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46453,99],{"class":76},[56,46455,46456,46458,46460,46462,46464,46466],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46457,373],{"class":72},[56,46459,77],{"class":76},[56,46461,42290],{"class":72},[56,46463,77],{"class":76},[56,46465,8201],{"class":95},[56,46467,1635],{"class":76},[20,46469,46470],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46472,46473,46474,1045],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46475,46476],{},".strip()",[47,46478,46480],{"className":49,"code":46479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46481,46482,46504],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46483,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494,46496,46498,46500,46502],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46485,8409],{"class":65},[56,46487,1217],{"class":827},[56,46489,1886],{"class":72},[56,46491,77],{"class":76},[56,46493,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46495,45394],{"class":1020},[56,46497,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46499,9162],{"class":76},[56,46501,9165],{"class":95},[56,46503,9174],{"class":76},[56,46505,46506,46508,46510,46512],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46507,373],{"class":72},[56,46509,77],{"class":76},[56,46511,8201],{"class":95},[56,46513,99],{"class":76},[45424,46515],{},[42,46517,46519],{"id":46518},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46521,46522,46523,46525],{},"These habits make ",[15,46524,1871],{}," easier and safer to use.",[173,46527,46528,46531,46536,46539],{},[176,46529,46530],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[176,46532,2638,46533,46535],{},[15,46534,46476],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[176,46537,46538],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[176,46540,2638,46541,46543],{},[15,46542,30311],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46545,46546,46547,1045],{},"Example with ",[15,46548,46476],{},[47,46550,46552],{"className":49,"code":46551,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46553,46554,46578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46555,46556,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567,46570,46572,46574,46576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46557,46558],{"class":65},"city ",[56,46560,1217],{"class":827},[56,46562,1886],{"class":72},[56,46564,77],{"class":76},[56,46566,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46568,46569],{"class":1020},"Enter your city: ",[56,46571,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46573,9162],{"class":76},[56,46575,9165],{"class":95},[56,46577,9174],{"class":76},[56,46579,46580,46582,46584,46586,46589,46591,46593,46595],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46581,373],{"class":72},[56,46583,77],{"class":76},[56,46585,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46587,46588],{"class":1020},"City:",[56,46590,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46592,306],{"class":76},[56,46594,31915],{"class":95},[56,46596,99],{"class":76},[20,46598,46546,46599,1045],{},[15,46600,30311],{},[47,46602,46604],{"className":49,"code":46603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46605,46606,46612,46635,46667,46675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46607,46608,46610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46609,30333],{"class":62},[56,46611,1390],{"class":76},[56,46613,46614,46617,46619,46621,46623,46625,46627,46629,46631,46633],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46615,46616],{"class":65},"    age ",[56,46618,1217],{"class":827},[56,46620,1951],{"class":378},[56,46622,77],{"class":76},[56,46624,1956],{"class":72},[56,46626,77],{"class":76},[56,46628,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46630,45688],{"class":1020},[56,46632,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46634,1635],{"class":76},[56,46636,46637,46639,46641,46643,46646,46648,46650,46652,46654,46656,46658,46660,46663,46665],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46638,90],{"class":72},[56,46640,77],{"class":76},[56,46642,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46644,46645],{"class":1020},"You will be",[56,46647,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46649,306],{"class":76},[56,46651,45965],{"class":95},[56,46653,2605],{"class":827},[56,46655,409],{"class":80},[56,46657,306],{"class":76},[56,46659,1231],{"class":1016},[56,46661,46662],{"class":1020},"next year",[56,46664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46666,99],{"class":76},[56,46668,46669,46671,46673],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,46670,30364],{"class":62},[56,46672,42436],{"class":378},[56,46674,1390],{"class":76},[56,46676,46677,46679,46681,46683,46686,46688],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,46678,90],{"class":72},[56,46680,77],{"class":76},[56,46682,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46684,46685],{"class":1020},"Please enter a whole number.",[56,46687,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46689,99],{"class":76},[20,46691,46692],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46694,46695,46696,156],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[264,46697,46699],{"href":46698},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45424,46701],{},[42,46703,3374],{"id":3373},[20,46705,46706,46707,1045],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46708,1871],{},[173,46710,46711,46718,46721,46724],{},[176,46712,46713,46714,3422,46716],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46715,3421],{},[15,46717,3428],{},[176,46719,46720],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[176,46722,46723],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[176,46725,46726],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46728,32613],{},[47,46730,46732],{"className":49,"code":46731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46733,46734,46744,46758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46735,46736,46738,46740,46742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46737,373],{"class":72},[56,46739,77],{"class":76},[56,46741,3017],{"class":95},[56,46743,99],{"class":76},[56,46745,46746,46748,46750,46752,46754,46756],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46747,373],{"class":72},[56,46749,77],{"class":76},[56,46751,2312],{"class":378},[56,46753,77],{"class":76},[56,46755,3017],{"class":95},[56,46757,1635],{"class":76},[56,46759,46760,46762,46764,46766,46768,46770],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46761,373],{"class":72},[56,46763,77],{"class":76},[56,46765,42290],{"class":72},[56,46767,77],{"class":76},[56,46769,3017],{"class":95},[56,46771,1635],{"class":76},[20,46773,46774,46775,46777],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46776,1871],{}," actually returned:",[173,46779,46780,46785,46790],{},[176,46781,46782,46784],{},[15,46783,42338],{}," shows the value",[176,46786,46787,46789],{},[15,46788,42344],{}," shows the data type",[176,46791,46792,46794],{},[15,46793,42349],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46796,986],{},[47,46798,46800],{"className":49,"code":46799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46801,46802,46821,46831,46845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46803,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814,46817,46819],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46805,2992],{"class":65},[56,46807,1217],{"class":827},[56,46809,1886],{"class":72},[56,46811,77],{"class":76},[56,46813,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46815,46816],{"class":1020},"Enter something: ",[56,46818,1017],{"class":1016},[56,46820,99],{"class":76},[56,46822,46823,46825,46827,46829],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,46824,373],{"class":72},[56,46826,77],{"class":76},[56,46828,3017],{"class":95},[56,46830,99],{"class":76},[56,46832,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46834,373],{"class":72},[56,46836,77],{"class":76},[56,46838,2312],{"class":378},[56,46840,77],{"class":76},[56,46842,3017],{"class":95},[56,46844,1635],{"class":76},[56,46846,46847,46849,46851,46853,46855,46857],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,46848,373],{"class":72},[56,46850,77],{"class":76},[56,46852,42290],{"class":72},[56,46854,77],{"class":76},[56,46856,3017],{"class":95},[56,46858,1635],{"class":76},[45424,46860],{},[42,46862,2343],{"id":2342},[353,46864,2347,46866,46868],{"id":46865},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46867,1871],{}," return an integer?",[20,46870,46871,46872,46874,46875,40440],{},"No. ",[15,46873,1871],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46876,3421],{},[353,46878,46880,46881,2363],{"id":46879},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46882,1871],{},[20,46884,46885,46886,46888],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46887,1871],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[353,46890,2357,46892,46895,46896,2363],{"id":46891},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46893,46894],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46897,1871],{},[20,46899,29592,46900,46902,46903,42664,46905,46907],{},[15,46901,1871],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46904,46212],{},[15,46906,46216],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[353,46909,46911],{"id":46910},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46913,2638,46914,46916,46917,156],{},[15,46915,46476],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46918,46919],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45424,46921],{},[42,46923,2417],{"id":2416},[173,46925,46926,46931,46935,46941,46947,46951],{},[176,46927,46928],{},[264,46929,46930],{"href":46698},"How to get user input in Python",[176,46932,46933],{},[264,46934,9589],{"href":9511},[176,46936,46937],{},[264,46938,13,46939,2430],{"href":3418},[15,46940,3421],{},[176,46942,46943],{},[264,46944,13,46945,2430],{"href":3425},[15,46946,3428],{},[176,46948,46949],{},[264,46950,46423],{"href":46422},[176,46952,46953],{},[264,46954,13,46956,2430],{"href":46955},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46957,46958],{},"print()",[2451,46960,46961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":46963},[46964,46965,46967,46968,46970,46976,46984,46985,46986,46995],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":45428,"depth":87,"text":46966},"What input() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":45657,"depth":87,"text":46969},"What input() returns",{"id":45859,"depth":87,"text":45860,"children":46971},[46972,46973,46975],{"id":45863,"depth":102,"text":45864},{"id":45916,"depth":102,"text":46974},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45987,"depth":102,"text":45988},{"id":46221,"depth":87,"text":46222,"children":46977},[46978,46980,46981,46983],{"id":46230,"depth":102,"text":46979},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46298,"depth":102,"text":46299},{"id":46373,"depth":102,"text":46982},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46426,"depth":102,"text":46427},{"id":46518,"depth":87,"text":46519},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":46987},[46988,46990,46992,46994],{"id":46865,"depth":102,"text":46989},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46879,"depth":102,"text":46991},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46891,"depth":102,"text":46993},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46910,"depth":102,"text":46911},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42703,"description":46996},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47003,"title":42605,"body":47004,"description":49313,"extension":2509,"meta":49314,"navigation":105,"path":49315,"seo":49316,"stem":49317,"__hash__":49318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47005,"toc":49265},[47006,47011,47016,47021,47042,47045,47047,47107,47109,47128,47133,47138,47143,47145,47158,47160,47243,47245,47286,47292,47294,47324,47330,47333,47350,47352,47404,47406,47423,47429,47435,47438,47456,47458,47531,47533,47552,47559,47565,47570,47573,47633,47635,47654,47657,47660,47675,47681,47685,47746,47748,47768,47772,47901,47903,48033,48043,48049,48055,48063,48129,48131,48156,48159,48176,48189,48195,48198,48231,48233,48246,48249,48292,48294,48302,48309,48313,48320,48324,48351,48353,48361,48367,48384,48389,48393,48420,48422,48430,48434,48439,48442,48468,48471,48480,48488,48492,48502,48506,48509,48511,48562,48564,48594,48604,48631,48633,48641,48651,48655,48658,48660,48708,48710,48754,48760,48811,48813,48832,48837,48842,48845,48864,48867,48919,48921,48930,48932,48936,48940,48943,48952,48959,48961,48988,48992,48994,49003,49006,49013,49018,49078,49082,49084,49092,49095,49121,49127,49130,49150,49152,49161,49169,49171,49177,49182,49188,49198,49204,49212,49216,49219,49221,49262],[10,47007,13,47009,18],{"id":47008},"python-int-function-explained",[15,47010,3421],{},[20,47012,22,47013,47015],{},[15,47014,3421],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,47017,35935,47018,47020],{},[15,47019,3421],{}," when they want to:",[173,47022,47023,47033,47036,47039],{},[176,47024,47025,47026,47029,47030],{},"turn text like ",[15,47027,47028],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,47031,47032],{},"42",[176,47034,47035],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[176,47037,47038],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[176,47040,47041],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,47043,47044],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[42,47046,45],{"id":44},[47,47048,47050],{"className":49,"code":47049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47051,47052,47070,47084],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47053,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47055,373],{"class":72},[56,47057,77],{"class":76},[56,47059,2734],{"class":378},[56,47061,77],{"class":76},[56,47063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47065,47032],{"class":1020},[56,47067,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47069,1635],{"class":76},[56,47071,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47073,373],{"class":72},[56,47075,77],{"class":76},[56,47077,2734],{"class":378},[56,47079,77],{"class":76},[56,47081,42494],{"class":80},[56,47083,1635],{"class":76},[56,47085,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47099,47101,47103,47105],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47087,373],{"class":72},[56,47089,77],{"class":76},[56,47091,2734],{"class":378},[56,47093,77],{"class":76},[56,47095,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47097,47098],{"class":1020},"101",[56,47100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47102,306],{"class":76},[56,47104,414],{"class":80},[56,47106,1635],{"class":76},[20,47108,239],{},[47,47110,47112],{"className":49,"code":47111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47113,47114,47119,47124],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47115,47116],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47117,47118],{"class":80},"42\n",[56,47120,47121],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47122,47123],{"class":80},"3\n",[56,47125,47126],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47127,3490],{"class":80},[20,47129,2638,47130,47132],{},[15,47131,3421],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[42,47134,160,47136,163],{"id":47135},"what-int-does",[15,47137,3421],{},[20,47139,47140,47142],{},[15,47141,3421],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47144,171],{},[173,47146,47147,47152,47155],{},[176,47148,47149,47150,7872],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47151,2734],{},[176,47153,47154],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[176,47156,47157],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47159,986],{},[47,47161,47163],{"className":49,"code":47162,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47164,47165,47177,47191,47195,47205,47215,47229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47166,47167,47169,47171,47173,47175],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47168,35217],{"class":65},[56,47170,1217],{"class":827},[56,47172,1231],{"class":1016},[56,47174,9725],{"class":1020},[56,47176,3903],{"class":1016},[56,47178,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47180,2763],{"class":65},[56,47182,1217],{"class":827},[56,47184,1951],{"class":378},[56,47186,77],{"class":76},[56,47188,35238],{"class":95},[56,47190,99],{"class":76},[56,47192,47193],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47194,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,47196,47197,47199,47201,47203],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,47198,373],{"class":72},[56,47200,77],{"class":76},[56,47202,35238],{"class":95},[56,47204,99],{"class":76},[56,47206,47207,47209,47211,47213],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,47208,373],{"class":72},[56,47210,77],{"class":76},[56,47212,234],{"class":95},[56,47214,99],{"class":76},[56,47216,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225,47227],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,47218,373],{"class":72},[56,47220,77],{"class":76},[56,47222,2312],{"class":378},[56,47224,77],{"class":76},[56,47226,35238],{"class":95},[56,47228,1635],{"class":76},[56,47230,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,47232,373],{"class":72},[56,47234,77],{"class":76},[56,47236,2312],{"class":378},[56,47238,77],{"class":76},[56,47240,234],{"class":95},[56,47242,1635],{"class":76},[20,47244,239],{},[47,47246,47248],{"className":49,"code":47247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47249,47250,47254,47258,47272],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47251,47252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47253,3252],{"class":80},[56,47255,47256],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47257,3252],{"class":80},[56,47259,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47261,3833],{"class":827},[56,47263,3836],{"class":2610},[56,47265,3839],{"class":1016},[56,47267,3988],{"class":1020},[56,47269,3844],{"class":1016},[56,47271,3847],{"class":827},[56,47273,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,47275,3833],{"class":827},[56,47277,3836],{"class":2610},[56,47279,3839],{"class":1016},[56,47281,2734],{"class":1020},[56,47283,3844],{"class":1016},[56,47285,3847],{"class":827},[20,47287,47288,47289,47291],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47290,3421],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[42,47293,2702],{"id":2701},[47,47295,47297],{"className":49,"code":47296,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47298,47299,47309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47300,47301,47303,47305,47307],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47302,2734],{"class":378},[56,47304,77],{"class":76},[56,47306,2719],{"class":95},[56,47308,99],{"class":76},[56,47310,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47322],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47312,2734],{"class":378},[56,47314,77],{"class":76},[56,47316,2719],{"class":95},[56,47318,306],{"class":76},[56,47320,47321],{"class":95}," base",[56,47323,99],{"class":76},[353,47325,47327],{"id":47326},"intx",[15,47328,47329],{},"int(x)",[20,47331,47332],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[173,47334,47335,47340,47345],{},[176,47336,47337,47338],{},"a string such as ",[15,47339,42635],{},[176,47341,47342,47343],{},"a float such as ",[15,47344,42494],{},[176,47346,47347,47348],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47349,4146],{},[20,47351,986],{},[47,47353,47355],{"className":49,"code":47354,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47356,47357,47375,47390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47358,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47360,373],{"class":72},[56,47362,77],{"class":76},[56,47364,2734],{"class":378},[56,47366,77],{"class":76},[56,47368,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47370,2291],{"class":1020},[56,47372,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47374,1635],{"class":76},[56,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47388],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47378,373],{"class":72},[56,47380,77],{"class":76},[56,47382,2734],{"class":378},[56,47384,77],{"class":76},[56,47386,47387],{"class":80},"8.7",[56,47389,1635],{"class":76},[56,47391,47392,47394,47396,47398,47400,47402],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47393,373],{"class":72},[56,47395,77],{"class":76},[56,47397,2734],{"class":378},[56,47399,77],{"class":76},[56,47401,4146],{"class":4393},[56,47403,1635],{"class":76},[20,47405,239],{},[47,47407,47409],{"className":49,"code":47408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47410,47411,47415,47419],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47412,47413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47414,2921],{"class":80},[56,47416,47417],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47418,2926],{"class":80},[56,47420,47421],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47422,254],{"class":80},[353,47424,47426],{"id":47425},"intx-base",[15,47427,47428],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47430,47431,47432,47434],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47433,2719],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47436,47437],{},"Common bases:",[173,47439,47440,47445,47450],{},[176,47441,47442,47444],{},[15,47443,463],{}," for binary",[176,47446,47447,47449],{},[15,47448,2890],{}," for octal",[176,47451,47452,47455],{},[15,47453,47454],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47457,986],{},[47,47459,47461],{"className":49,"code":47460,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47462,47463,47485,47508],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47464,47465,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47466,373],{"class":72},[56,47468,77],{"class":76},[56,47470,2734],{"class":378},[56,47472,77],{"class":76},[56,47474,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47476,47098],{"class":1020},[56,47478,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47480,306],{"class":76},[56,47482,414],{"class":80},[56,47484,1635],{"class":76},[56,47486,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497,47500,47502,47504,47506],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47488,373],{"class":72},[56,47490,77],{"class":76},[56,47492,2734],{"class":378},[56,47494,77],{"class":76},[56,47496,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47498,47499],{"class":1020},"17",[56,47501,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47503,306],{"class":76},[56,47505,2272],{"class":80},[56,47507,1635],{"class":76},[56,47509,47510,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520,47523,47525,47527,47529],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47511,373],{"class":72},[56,47513,77],{"class":76},[56,47515,2734],{"class":378},[56,47517,77],{"class":76},[56,47519,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47521,47522],{"class":1020},"1A",[56,47524,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47526,306],{"class":76},[56,47528,14522],{"class":80},[56,47530,1635],{"class":76},[20,47532,239],{},[47,47534,47536],{"className":49,"code":47535,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47537,47538,47542,47547],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47539,47540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47541,3490],{"class":80},[56,47543,47544],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47545,47546],{"class":80},"15\n",[56,47548,47549],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47550,47551],{"class":80},"26\n",[20,47553,47554,47555,156],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[264,47556,47557,2848],{"href":3425},[15,47558,3428],{},[42,47560,958,47562,47564],{"id":47561},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47563,3421],{}," with strings",[20,47566,47567,47569],{},[15,47568,3421],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47571,47572],{},"Examples that work:",[47,47574,47576],{"className":49,"code":47575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47577,47578,47596,47614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47579,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47581,373],{"class":72},[56,47583,77],{"class":76},[56,47585,2734],{"class":378},[56,47587,77],{"class":76},[56,47589,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47591,81],{"class":1020},[56,47593,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47595,1635],{"class":76},[56,47597,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47599,373],{"class":72},[56,47601,77],{"class":76},[56,47603,2734],{"class":378},[56,47605,77],{"class":76},[56,47607,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47609,2837],{"class":1020},[56,47611,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47613,1635],{"class":76},[56,47615,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624,47626,47629,47631],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47617,373],{"class":72},[56,47619,77],{"class":76},[56,47621,2734],{"class":378},[56,47623,77],{"class":76},[56,47625,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47627,47628],{"class":1020},"  42  ",[56,47630,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47632,1635],{"class":76},[20,47634,239],{},[47,47636,47638],{"className":49,"code":47637,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47639,47640,47644,47650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47641,47642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47643,3490],{"class":80},[56,47645,47646,47648],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47647,2568],{"class":827},[56,47649,2770],{"class":80},[56,47651,47652],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47653,47118],{"class":80},[20,47655,47656],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47658,47659],{},"Examples that fail:",[47,47661,47663],{"className":49,"code":47662,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47664,47665,47670],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47666,47667],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47668,47669],{"class":112},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[56,47671,47672],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47673,47674],{"class":112},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47676,47677,47678,47680],{},"These raise ",[15,47679,953],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[353,47682,47684],{"id":47683},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[47,47686,47688],{"className":49,"code":47687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47689,47690,47708,47727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47691,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47693,373],{"class":72},[56,47695,77],{"class":76},[56,47697,2734],{"class":378},[56,47699,77],{"class":76},[56,47701,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47703,152],{"class":1020},[56,47705,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47707,1635],{"class":76},[56,47709,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47723,47725],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47711,373],{"class":72},[56,47713,77],{"class":76},[56,47715,2734],{"class":378},[56,47717,77],{"class":76},[56,47719,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47721,47722],{"class":1020},"+7",[56,47724,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47726,1635],{"class":76},[56,47728,47729,47731,47733,47735,47737,47739,47742,47744],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47730,373],{"class":72},[56,47732,77],{"class":76},[56,47734,2734],{"class":378},[56,47736,77],{"class":76},[56,47738,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47740,47741],{"class":1020},"-100",[56,47743,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47745,1635],{"class":76},[20,47747,239],{},[47,47749,47751],{"className":49,"code":47750,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47752,47753,47757,47761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47754,47755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47756,249],{"class":80},[56,47758,47759],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47760,2625],{"class":80},[56,47762,47763,47765],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47764,2568],{"class":827},[56,47766,47767],{"class":80},"100\n",[353,47769,47771],{"id":47770},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[47,47773,47775],{"className":49,"code":47774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47776,47777,47815,47819,47831,47838,47853,47868],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47778,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47798,47800,47802,47804,47806,47808,47811,47813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47780,4364],{"class":65},[56,47782,1217],{"class":827},[56,47784,1220],{"class":76},[56,47786,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47788,40654],{"class":1020},[56,47790,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47792,306],{"class":76},[56,47794,1231],{"class":1016},[56,47796,47797],{"class":1020},"12abc",[56,47799,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47801,306],{"class":76},[56,47803,6661],{"class":1016},[56,47805,306],{"class":76},[56,47807,1231],{"class":1016},[56,47809,47810],{"class":1020},"seven",[56,47812,1017],{"class":1016},[56,47814,427],{"class":76},[56,47816,47817],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47818,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,47820,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47822,31],{"class":62},[56,47824,22120],{"class":65},[56,47826,69],{"class":62},[56,47828,4426],{"class":65},[56,47830,1390],{"class":76},[56,47832,47833,47836],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,47834,47835],{"class":62},"    try",[56,47837,1390],{"class":76},[56,47839,47840,47843,47845,47847,47849,47851],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,47841,47842],{"class":72},"        print",[56,47844,77],{"class":76},[56,47846,2734],{"class":378},[56,47848,77],{"class":76},[56,47850,3017],{"class":95},[56,47852,1635],{"class":76},[56,47854,47855,47858,47860,47863,47866],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,47856,47857],{"class":62},"    except",[56,47859,42436],{"class":378},[56,47861,47862],{"class":62}," as",[56,47864,47865],{"class":65}," error",[56,47867,1390],{"class":76},[56,47869,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47885,47887,47890,47892,47895,47897,47899],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,47871,47842],{"class":72},[56,47873,77],{"class":76},[56,47875,22830],{"class":2610},[56,47877,1017],{"class":1020},[56,47879,9810],{"class":80},[56,47881,3017],{"class":95},[56,47883,47884],{"class":2610},"!r",[56,47886,22839],{"class":80},[56,47888,47889],{"class":1020}," -> ",[56,47891,9810],{"class":80},[56,47893,47894],{"class":95},"error",[56,47896,22839],{"class":80},[56,47898,1017],{"class":1020},[56,47900,99],{"class":76},[20,47902,239],{},[47,47904,47906],{"className":49,"code":47905,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47907,47908,47944,47976,48001],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47909,47910,47912,47914,47916,47919,47922,47924,47926,47928,47931,47934,47936,47938,47940,47942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47911,3844],{"class":43835},[56,47913,40654],{"class":43839},[56,47915,3844],{"class":43835},[56,47917,47918],{"class":37881}," ->",[56,47920,47921],{"class":65}," invalid literal ",[56,47923,31],{"class":62},[56,47925,1951],{"class":378},[56,47927,7898],{"class":76},[56,47929,47930],{"class":62}," with",[56,47932,47933],{"class":65}," base ",[56,47935,2291],{"class":80},[56,47937,1045],{"class":76},[56,47939,3839],{"class":1016},[56,47941,40654],{"class":1020},[56,47943,30229],{"class":1016},[56,47945,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966,47968,47970,47972,47974],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,47947,3844],{"class":1016},[56,47949,47797],{"class":1020},[56,47951,3844],{"class":1016},[56,47953,47918],{"class":37881},[56,47955,47921],{"class":65},[56,47957,31],{"class":62},[56,47959,1951],{"class":378},[56,47961,7898],{"class":76},[56,47963,47930],{"class":62},[56,47965,47933],{"class":65},[56,47967,2291],{"class":80},[56,47969,1045],{"class":76},[56,47971,3839],{"class":1016},[56,47973,47797],{"class":1020},[56,47975,30229],{"class":1016},[56,47977,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992,47994,47996,47998],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47979,4314],{"class":1016},[56,47981,47918],{"class":37881},[56,47983,47921],{"class":65},[56,47985,31],{"class":62},[56,47987,1951],{"class":378},[56,47989,7898],{"class":76},[56,47991,47930],{"class":62},[56,47993,47933],{"class":65},[56,47995,2291],{"class":80},[56,47997,1045],{"class":76},[56,47999,48000],{"class":1016}," ''\n",[56,48002,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015,48017,48019,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48031],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48004,3844],{"class":1016},[56,48006,47810],{"class":1020},[56,48008,3844],{"class":1016},[56,48010,47918],{"class":37881},[56,48012,47921],{"class":65},[56,48014,31],{"class":62},[56,48016,1951],{"class":378},[56,48018,7898],{"class":76},[56,48020,47930],{"class":62},[56,48022,47933],{"class":65},[56,48024,2291],{"class":80},[56,48026,1045],{"class":76},[56,48028,3839],{"class":1016},[56,48030,47810],{"class":1020},[56,48032,30229],{"class":1016},[20,48034,48035,48036,48038,48039,156],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[264,48037,9512],{"href":9511}," and the ",[264,48040,48041,2848],{"href":8751},[15,48042,1871],{},[42,48044,958,48046,48048],{"id":48045},"using-int-with-floats",[15,48047,3421],{}," with floats",[20,48050,48051,48052,48054],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,48053,3421],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,48056,48057,48058,14588,48060,48062],{},"Important: ",[15,48059,3421],{},[37,48061,5170],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[47,48064,48066],{"className":49,"code":48065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,48067,48068,48082,48097,48113],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48069,48070,48072,48074,48076,48078,48080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48071,373],{"class":72},[56,48073,77],{"class":76},[56,48075,2734],{"class":378},[56,48077,77],{"class":76},[56,48079,42494],{"class":80},[56,48081,1635],{"class":76},[56,48083,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092,48095],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48085,373],{"class":72},[56,48087,77],{"class":76},[56,48089,2734],{"class":378},[56,48091,77],{"class":76},[56,48093,48094],{"class":80},"3.1",[56,48096,1635],{"class":76},[56,48098,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48100,373],{"class":72},[56,48102,77],{"class":76},[56,48104,2734],{"class":378},[56,48106,77],{"class":76},[56,48108,2568],{"class":827},[56,48110,42494],{"class":80},[56,48112,1635],{"class":76},[56,48114,48115,48117,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48116,373],{"class":72},[56,48118,77],{"class":76},[56,48120,2734],{"class":378},[56,48122,77],{"class":76},[56,48124,2568],{"class":827},[56,48126,48094],{"class":80},[56,48128,1635],{"class":76},[20,48130,239],{},[47,48132,48134],{"className":49,"code":48133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48135,48136,48140,48144,48150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48137,48138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48139,47123],{"class":80},[56,48141,48142],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48143,47123],{"class":80},[56,48145,48146,48148],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48147,2568],{"class":827},[56,48149,47123],{"class":80},[56,48151,48152,48154],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48153,2568],{"class":827},[56,48155,47123],{"class":80},[20,48157,48158],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[173,48160,48161,48168],{},[176,48162,48163,42664,48166],{},[15,48164,48165],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48167,223],{},[176,48169,48170,42664,48173],{},[15,48171,48172],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48174,48175],{},"-3",[20,48177,48178,48179,48183,48184,156],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[264,48180,48181],{"href":3425},[15,48182,3428],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[264,48185,48186],{"href":42684},[15,48187,48188],{},"str()",[42,48190,958,48192,48194],{"id":48191},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48193,3421],{}," with booleans",[20,48196,48197],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[47,48199,48201],{"className":49,"code":48200,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48202,48203,48217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48204,48205,48207,48209,48211,48213,48215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48206,373],{"class":72},[56,48208,77],{"class":76},[56,48210,2734],{"class":378},[56,48212,77],{"class":76},[56,48214,4146],{"class":4393},[56,48216,1635],{"class":76},[56,48218,48219,48221,48223,48225,48227,48229],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48220,373],{"class":72},[56,48222,77],{"class":76},[56,48224,2734],{"class":378},[56,48226,77],{"class":76},[56,48228,4215],{"class":4393},[56,48230,1635],{"class":76},[20,48232,239],{},[47,48234,48236],{"className":49,"code":48235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n0\n",[15,48237,48238,48242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48239,48240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48241,254],{"class":80},[56,48243,48244],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48245,249],{"class":80},[20,48247,48248],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[47,48250,48252],{"className":49,"code":48251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48253,48254,48263,48278,48282],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48255,48256,48259,48261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48257,48258],{"class":65},"passed ",[56,48260,1217],{"class":827},[56,48262,6955],{"class":4393},[56,48264,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273,48276],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48266,41693],{"class":65},[56,48268,1217],{"class":827},[56,48270,1951],{"class":378},[56,48272,77],{"class":76},[56,48274,48275],{"class":95},"passed",[56,48277,99],{"class":76},[56,48279,48280],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48281,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,48283,48284,48286,48288,48290],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48285,373],{"class":72},[56,48287,77],{"class":76},[56,48289,41722],{"class":95},[56,48291,99],{"class":76},[20,48293,239],{},[47,48295,48296],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48297,48298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48299,48300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48301,254],{"class":80},[20,48303,48304,48305,156],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[264,48306,48307,2848],{"href":6319},[15,48308,4354],{},[42,48310,48312],{"id":48311},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48314,48315,48316,48319],{},"Use the ",[15,48317,48318],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[353,48321,48323],{"id":48322},"binary-example","Binary example",[47,48325,48327],{"className":49,"code":48326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48328,48329],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48330,48331,48333,48335,48337,48339,48341,48343,48345,48347,48349],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48332,373],{"class":72},[56,48334,77],{"class":76},[56,48336,2734],{"class":378},[56,48338,77],{"class":76},[56,48340,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48342,47098],{"class":1020},[56,48344,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48346,306],{"class":76},[56,48348,414],{"class":80},[56,48350,1635],{"class":76},[20,48352,239],{},[47,48354,48355],{"className":49,"code":3490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48356,48357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48358,48359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48360,3490],{"class":80},[20,48362,48363,48366],{},[15,48364,48365],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[173,48368,48369,48374,48379],{},[176,48370,48371],{},[15,48372,48373],{},"1 × 4",[176,48375,48376],{},[15,48377,48378],{},"0 × 2",[176,48380,48381],{},[15,48382,48383],{},"1 × 1",[20,48385,48386,48387,156],{},"So the result is ",[15,48388,81],{},[353,48390,48392],{"id":48391},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[47,48394,48396],{"className":49,"code":48395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48397,48398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48399,48400,48402,48404,48406,48408,48410,48412,48414,48416,48418],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48401,373],{"class":72},[56,48403,77],{"class":76},[56,48405,2734],{"class":378},[56,48407,77],{"class":76},[56,48409,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48411,47522],{"class":1020},[56,48413,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48415,306],{"class":76},[56,48417,14522],{"class":80},[56,48419,1635],{"class":76},[20,48421,239],{},[47,48423,48424],{"className":49,"code":47551,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48425,48426],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48427,48428],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48429,47551],{"class":80},[353,48431,48433],{"id":48432},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48435,2526,48436,48438],{},[15,48437,48318],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48440,48441],{},"Good:",[47,48443,48444],{"className":49,"code":48326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48445,48446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48447,48448,48450,48452,48454,48456,48458,48460,48462,48464,48466],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48449,373],{"class":72},[56,48451,77],{"class":76},[56,48453,2734],{"class":378},[56,48455,77],{"class":76},[56,48457,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48459,47098],{"class":1020},[56,48461,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48463,306],{"class":76},[56,48465,414],{"class":80},[56,48467,1635],{"class":76},[20,48469,48470],{},"Not correct:",[47,48472,48474],{"className":49,"code":48473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48475,48476],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48477,48478],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48479,48473],{"class":112},[20,48481,48482,48483,9132,48485,48487],{},"That causes a ",[15,48484,3547],{},[15,48486,48318],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[42,48489,48491],{"id":48490},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48493,48494,48495,48497,48498,4935,48500,156],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48496,3421],{}," are ",[15,48499,953],{},[15,48501,3547],{},[353,48503,48504],{"id":42024},[15,48505,953],{},[20,48507,48508],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48510,986],{},[47,48512,48514],{"className":49,"code":48513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48515,48516,48522,48540,48552],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48517,48518,48520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48519,30333],{"class":62},[56,48521,1390],{"class":76},[56,48523,48524,48526,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536,48538],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48525,90],{"class":72},[56,48527,77],{"class":76},[56,48529,2734],{"class":378},[56,48531,77],{"class":76},[56,48533,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48535,40654],{"class":1020},[56,48537,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48539,1635],{"class":76},[56,48541,48542,48544,48546,48548,48550],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48543,30364],{"class":62},[56,48545,42436],{"class":378},[56,48547,47862],{"class":62},[56,48549,47865],{"class":65},[56,48551,1390],{"class":76},[56,48553,48554,48556,48558,48560],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48555,90],{"class":72},[56,48557,77],{"class":76},[56,48559,47894],{"class":95},[56,48561,99],{"class":76},[20,48563,239],{},[47,48565,48567],{"className":49,"code":48566,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48568,48569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48570,48571,48574,48576,48578,48580,48582,48584,48586,48588,48590,48592],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48572,48573],{"class":65},"invalid literal ",[56,48575,31],{"class":62},[56,48577,1951],{"class":378},[56,48579,7898],{"class":76},[56,48581,47930],{"class":62},[56,48583,47933],{"class":65},[56,48585,2291],{"class":80},[56,48587,1045],{"class":76},[56,48589,3839],{"class":1016},[56,48591,40654],{"class":1020},[56,48593,30229],{"class":1016},[20,48595,48596,48597,48600,48601,48603],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48598,48599],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48602,3421],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[47,48605,48607],{"className":49,"code":48606,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48608,48609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48610,48611,48613,48615,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48612,373],{"class":72},[56,48614,77],{"class":76},[56,48616,2734],{"class":378},[56,48618,77],{"class":76},[56,48620,2738],{"class":378},[56,48622,77],{"class":76},[56,48624,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48626,40654],{"class":1020},[56,48628,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48630,390],{"class":76},[20,48632,239],{},[47,48634,48635],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48636,48637],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48638,48639],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48640,47123],{"class":80},[20,48642,48643,48644,4935,48647,156],{},"If you see this often, read ",[264,48645,48646],{"href":3504},"how to convert string to int in Python",[264,48648,26212,48649],{"href":46422},[15,48650,46423],{},[353,48652,48653],{"id":42090},[15,48654,3547],{},[20,48656,48657],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48659,986],{},[47,48661,48663],{"className":49,"code":48662,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48664,48665,48671,48685,48698],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48666,48667,48669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48668,30333],{"class":62},[56,48670,1390],{"class":76},[56,48672,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48674,90],{"class":72},[56,48676,77],{"class":76},[56,48678,2734],{"class":378},[56,48680,77],{"class":76},[56,48682,4319],{"class":4393},[56,48684,1635],{"class":76},[56,48686,48687,48689,48692,48694,48696],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48688,30364],{"class":62},[56,48690,48691],{"class":378}," TypeError",[56,48693,47862],{"class":62},[56,48695,47865],{"class":65},[56,48697,1390],{"class":76},[56,48699,48700,48702,48704,48706],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48701,90],{"class":72},[56,48703,77],{"class":76},[56,48705,47894],{"class":95},[56,48707,99],{"class":76},[20,48709,239],{},[47,48711,48713],{"className":49,"code":48712,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48714,48715],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48716,48717,48719,48721,48724,48726,48728,48731,48733,48736,48738,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749,48752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48718,2734],{"class":378},[56,48720,7898],{"class":76},[56,48722,48723],{"class":65}," argument must be a string",[56,48725,306],{"class":76},[56,48727,45052],{"class":65},[56,48729,48730],{"class":378},"bytes",[56,48732,2568],{"class":827},[56,48734,48735],{"class":65},"like ",[56,48737,42906],{"class":378},[56,48739,48740],{"class":827}," or",[56,48742,41350],{"class":65},[56,48744,306],{"class":76},[56,48746,8631],{"class":827},[56,48748,3839],{"class":1016},[56,48750,48751],{"class":1020},"NoneType",[56,48753,30229],{"class":1016},[20,48755,48756,48757,48759],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48758,48318],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[47,48761,48763],{"className":49,"code":48762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48764,48765,48771,48789,48801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48766,48767,48769],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48768,30333],{"class":62},[56,48770,1390],{"class":76},[56,48772,48773,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48774,90],{"class":72},[56,48776,77],{"class":76},[56,48778,2734],{"class":378},[56,48780,77],{"class":76},[56,48782,47098],{"class":80},[56,48784,306],{"class":76},[56,48786,414],{"class":80},[56,48788,1635],{"class":76},[56,48790,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48792,30364],{"class":62},[56,48794,48691],{"class":378},[56,48796,47862],{"class":62},[56,48798,47865],{"class":65},[56,48800,1390],{"class":76},[56,48802,48803,48805,48807,48809],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48804,90],{"class":72},[56,48806,77],{"class":76},[56,48808,47894],{"class":95},[56,48810,99],{"class":76},[20,48812,239],{},[47,48814,48816],{"className":49,"code":48815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48817,48818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48819,48820,48822,48824,48827,48829],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48821,2734],{"class":378},[56,48823,7898],{"class":76},[56,48825,48826],{"class":65}," can",[56,48828,3844],{"class":1016},[56,48830,48831],{"class":1020},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[42,48833,5500,48835],{"id":48834},"when-to-use-int",[15,48836,3421],{},[20,48838,2638,48839,48841],{},[15,48840,3421],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48843,48844],{},"Common uses:",[173,48846,48847,48853,48856,48859],{},[176,48848,48849,48850,48852],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48851,1871],{}," into integers",[176,48854,48855],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[176,48857,48858],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[176,48860,48861,48862,37129],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48863,48318],{},[20,48865,48866],{},"Example with user input:",[47,48868,48870],{"className":49,"code":48869,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48871,48872,48886,48901,48905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48873,48874,48877,48879,48881,48884],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48875,48876],{"class":65},"age_text ",[56,48878,1217],{"class":827},[56,48880,1231],{"class":1016},[56,48882,48883],{"class":1020},"18",[56,48885,3903],{"class":1016},[56,48887,48888,48890,48892,48894,48896,48899],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,48889,22164],{"class":65},[56,48891,1217],{"class":827},[56,48893,1951],{"class":378},[56,48895,77],{"class":76},[56,48897,48898],{"class":95},"age_text",[56,48900,99],{"class":76},[56,48902,48903],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48904,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,48906,48907,48909,48911,48913,48915,48917],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,48908,373],{"class":72},[56,48910,77],{"class":76},[56,48912,22164],{"class":95},[56,48914,2605],{"class":827},[56,48916,409],{"class":80},[56,48918,99],{"class":76},[20,48920,239],{},[47,48922,48924],{"className":49,"code":48923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"19\n",[15,48925,48926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48927,48928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48929,48923],{"class":80},[42,48931,3374],{"id":3373},[20,48933,15268,48934,156],{},[15,48935,3421],{},[353,48937,48939],{"id":48938},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48941,48942],{},"This fails:",[47,48944,48946],{"className":49,"code":48945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48947,48948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48949,48950],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48951,48945],{"class":112},[20,48953,48954,48955,48958],{},"Why: ",[15,48956,48957],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48960,19376],{},[47,48962,48964],{"className":49,"code":48963,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48965,48966],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48967,48968,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48969,373],{"class":72},[56,48971,77],{"class":76},[56,48973,2734],{"class":378},[56,48975,77],{"class":76},[56,48977,2738],{"class":378},[56,48979,77],{"class":76},[56,48981,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48983,41634],{"class":1020},[56,48985,1017],{"class":1016},[56,48987,390],{"class":76},[353,48989,48991],{"id":48990},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48993,48942],{},[47,48995,48997],{"className":49,"code":48996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48998,48999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49000,49001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49002,48996],{"class":112},[20,49004,49005],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[353,49007,49009,49010],{"id":49008},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,49011,49012],{},"int(None)",[20,49014,1931,49015,49017],{},[15,49016,4319],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[47,49019,49021],{"className":49,"code":49020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49022,49023,49032,49036,49042,49056,49068],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49024,49025,49027,49029],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49026,2992],{"class":65},[56,49028,1217],{"class":827},[56,49030,49031],{"class":4393}," None\n",[56,49033,49034],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49035,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49037,49038,49040],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49039,30333],{"class":62},[56,49041,1390],{"class":76},[56,49043,49044,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,49045,90],{"class":72},[56,49047,77],{"class":76},[56,49049,2734],{"class":378},[56,49051,77],{"class":76},[56,49053,3017],{"class":95},[56,49055,1635],{"class":76},[56,49057,49058,49060,49062,49064,49066],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,49059,30364],{"class":62},[56,49061,48691],{"class":378},[56,49063,47862],{"class":62},[56,49065,47865],{"class":65},[56,49067,1390],{"class":76},[56,49069,49070,49072,49074,49076],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,49071,90],{"class":72},[56,49073,77],{"class":76},[56,49075,47894],{"class":95},[56,49077,99],{"class":76},[353,49079,49081],{"id":49080},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,49083,48942],{},[47,49085,49086],{"className":49,"code":48473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49087,49088],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49089,49090],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49091,48473],{"class":112},[20,49093,49094],{},"Use a string instead:",[47,49096,49097],{"className":49,"code":48326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49098,49099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49100,49101,49103,49105,49107,49109,49111,49113,49115,49117,49119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49102,373],{"class":72},[56,49104,77],{"class":76},[56,49106,2734],{"class":378},[56,49108,77],{"class":76},[56,49110,1017],{"class":1016},[56,49112,47098],{"class":1020},[56,49114,1017],{"class":1016},[56,49116,306],{"class":76},[56,49118,414],{"class":80},[56,49120,1635],{"class":76},[353,49122,8983,49124,49126],{"id":49123},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49125,3421],{}," to round",[20,49128,49129],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[47,49131,49133],{"className":49,"code":49132,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49134,49135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49136,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49138,373],{"class":72},[56,49140,77],{"class":76},[56,49142,2734],{"class":378},[56,49144,77],{"class":76},[56,49146,49147],{"class":80},"4.9",[56,49149,1635],{"class":76},[20,49151,239],{},[47,49153,49155],{"className":49,"code":49154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4\n",[15,49156,49157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49158,49159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49160,49154],{"class":80},[20,49162,3712,49163,49165,49166,49168],{},[15,49164,81],{},", remember that ",[15,49167,3421],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[42,49170,2343],{"id":2342},[353,49172,2347,49174,49176],{"id":49173},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49175,3421],{}," round numbers?",[20,49178,46871,49179,49181],{},[15,49180,3421],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[353,49183,2357,49185,2405],{"id":49184},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49186,49187],{},"int(\"3.14\")",[20,49189,29592,49190,49192,49193,49195,49196,40440],{},[15,49191,48599],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49194,3428],{}," first, then use ",[15,49197,3421],{},[353,49199,5682,49201,13249],{"id":49200},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49202,49203],{},"int(True)",[20,49205,5688,49206,28844,49208,42664,49210,156],{},[15,49207,529],{},[15,49209,4215],{},[15,49211,152],{},[353,49213,49215],{"id":49214},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49217,49218],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[42,49220,2417],{"id":2416},[173,49222,49223,49229,49235,49241,49246,49250,49256],{},[176,49224,49225],{},[264,49226,49227,2430],{"href":3425},[15,49228,3428],{},[176,49230,49231],{},[264,49232,49233,2430],{"href":42684},[15,49234,48188],{},[176,49236,49237],{},[264,49238,49239,2430],{"href":6319},[15,49240,4354],{},[176,49242,49243],{},[264,49244,49245],{"href":3504},"How to convert string to int in Python",[176,49247,49248],{},[264,49249,9589],{"href":9511},[176,49251,49252],{},[264,49253,49254,2430],{"href":8751},[15,49255,1871],{},[176,49257,49258],{},[264,49259,30877,49260],{"href":46422},[15,49261,46423],{},[2451,49263,49264],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":49266},[49267,49268,49270,49274,49279,49281,49283,49288,49292,49294,49303,49312],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":47135,"depth":87,"text":49269},"What int() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":49271},[49272,49273],{"id":47326,"depth":102,"text":47329},{"id":47425,"depth":102,"text":47428},{"id":47561,"depth":87,"text":49275,"children":49276},"Using int() with strings",[49277,49278],{"id":47683,"depth":102,"text":47684},{"id":47770,"depth":102,"text":47771},{"id":48045,"depth":87,"text":49280},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48191,"depth":87,"text":49282},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48311,"depth":87,"text":48312,"children":49284},[49285,49286,49287],{"id":48322,"depth":102,"text":48323},{"id":48391,"depth":102,"text":48392},{"id":48432,"depth":102,"text":48433},{"id":48490,"depth":87,"text":48491,"children":49289},[49290,49291],{"id":42024,"depth":102,"text":953},{"id":42090,"depth":102,"text":3547},{"id":48834,"depth":87,"text":49293},"When to use int()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":49295},[49296,49297,49298,49300,49301],{"id":48938,"depth":102,"text":48939},{"id":48990,"depth":102,"text":48991},{"id":49008,"depth":102,"text":49299},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49080,"depth":102,"text":49081},{"id":49123,"depth":102,"text":49302},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":49304},[49305,49307,49309,49311],{"id":49173,"depth":102,"text":49306},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49184,"depth":102,"text":49308},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49200,"depth":102,"text":49310},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49214,"depth":102,"text":49215},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42605,"description":49313},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49320,"title":49321,"body":49322,"description":51155,"extension":2509,"meta":51156,"navigation":105,"path":45310,"seo":51157,"stem":51158,"__hash__":51159},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49323,"toc":51111},[49324,49329,49334,49342,49351,49353,49412,49418,49423,49428,49431,49459,49462,49465,49476,49486,49488,49490,49510,49514,49542,49544,49583,49585,49593,49595,49598,49602,49655,49657,49669,49673,49730,49732,49744,49750,49756,49760,49763,49766,49832,49834,49846,49852,49854,49906,49909,49950,49953,49960,49969,49975,49978,50011,50017,50020,50051,50057,50060,50072,50076,50081,50085,50243,50245,50260,50263,50267,50371,50373,50390,50394,50455,50457,50465,50468,50472,50539,50541,50550,50556,50558,50567,50569,50604,50609,50611,50641,50645,50647,50684,50687,50689,50726,50732,50734,50784,50786,50794,50804,50810,50814,50819,50868,50870,50883,50886,50888,50891,50966,50969,50988,50991,51021,51028,51030,51035,51042,51048,51054,51061,51069,51075,51078,51080,51108],[10,49325,13,49327,18],{"id":49326},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49328,45313],{},[20,49330,49331,49333],{},[15,49332,45313],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49335,49336,49337,3422,49339,49341],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49338,4146],{},[15,49340,4215],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49343,49344,49345,49347,49348,49350],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49346,45313],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49349,2847],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[42,49352,4151],{"id":4150},[47,49354,49356],{"className":49,"code":49355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49357,49358,49366,49370,49391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49359,49360,49362,49364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49361,2992],{"class":65},[56,49363,1217],{"class":827},[56,49365,3130],{"class":80},[56,49367,49368],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49369,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49371,49372,49374,49376,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49373,373],{"class":72},[56,49375,77],{"class":76},[56,49377,49378],{"class":72},"isinstance",[56,49380,77],{"class":76},[56,49382,3017],{"class":95},[56,49384,306],{"class":76},[56,49386,1951],{"class":378},[56,49388,5901],{"class":76},[56,49390,44362],{"class":112},[56,49392,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49408,49410],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,49394,373],{"class":72},[56,49396,77],{"class":76},[56,49398,49378],{"class":72},[56,49400,77],{"class":76},[56,49402,3017],{"class":95},[56,49404,306],{"class":76},[56,49406,49407],{"class":378}," str",[56,49409,5901],{"class":76},[56,49411,44379],{"class":112},[20,49413,2638,49414,49417],{},[15,49415,49416],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[42,49419,160,49421,163],{"id":49420},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49422,45313],{},[20,49424,49425,49427],{},[15,49426,45313],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49429,49430],{},"It:",[173,49432,49433,49436,49442,49445],{},[176,49434,49435],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[176,49437,11956,49438,3422,49440],{},[15,49439,4146],{},[15,49441,4215],{},[176,49443,49444],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[176,49446,49447,49448,2735,49450,2735,49452,2735,49454,17607,49457],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49449,3988],{},[15,49451,2734],{},[15,49453,379],{},[15,49455,49456],{},"tuple",[15,49458,9353],{},[20,49460,49461],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49463,49464],{},"For example, you might want to:",[173,49466,49467,49470,49473],{},[176,49468,49469],{},"loop through a list",[176,49471,49472],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[176,49474,49475],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49477,49478,49479,3422,49482,156],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[264,49480,45305],{"href":49481},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[264,49483,49485],{"href":49484},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[42,49487,2702],{"id":2701},[20,49489,2705],{},[47,49491,49493],{"className":49,"code":49492,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49494,49495],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49496,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505,49508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49498,49378],{"class":72},[56,49500,77],{"class":76},[56,49502,42906],{"class":378},[56,49504,306],{"class":76},[56,49506,49507],{"class":95}," classinfo",[56,49509,99],{"class":76},[353,49511,49513],{"id":49512},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[173,49515,49516,49521,49535],{},[176,49517,49518,49520],{},[15,49519,42906],{}," is the value you want to test",[176,49522,49523,49526,49527,2735,49529,2735,49531,2739,49533],{},[15,49524,49525],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49528,2734],{},[15,49530,3988],{},[15,49532,379],{},[15,49534,9353],{},[176,49536,49537,49538,3422,49540],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49539,4146],{},[15,49541,4215],{},[20,49543,986],{},[47,49545,49547],{"className":49,"code":49546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49548,49549,49561,49565],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49550,49551,49553,49555,49557,49559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49552,8409],{"class":65},[56,49554,1217],{"class":827},[56,49556,1231],{"class":1016},[56,49558,12042],{"class":1020},[56,49560,3903],{"class":1016},[56,49562,49563],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49564,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49566,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49568,373],{"class":72},[56,49570,77],{"class":76},[56,49572,49378],{"class":72},[56,49574,77],{"class":76},[56,49576,8201],{"class":95},[56,49578,306],{"class":76},[56,49580,49407],{"class":378},[56,49582,1635],{"class":76},[20,49584,239],{},[47,49586,49587],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49588,49589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49590,49591],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49592,4519],{"class":4393},[42,49594,12008],{"id":12007},[20,49596,49597],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[353,49599,49601],{"id":49600},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[47,49603,49605],{"className":49,"code":49604,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49606,49607,49615,49619,49637],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49608,49609,49611,49613],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49610,2992],{"class":65},[56,49612,1217],{"class":827},[56,49614,45733],{"class":80},[56,49616,49617],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49618,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49620,49621,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49622,373],{"class":72},[56,49624,77],{"class":76},[56,49626,49378],{"class":72},[56,49628,77],{"class":76},[56,49630,3017],{"class":95},[56,49632,306],{"class":76},[56,49634,1951],{"class":378},[56,49636,1635],{"class":76},[56,49638,49639,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,49640,373],{"class":72},[56,49642,77],{"class":76},[56,49644,49378],{"class":72},[56,49646,77],{"class":76},[56,49648,3017],{"class":95},[56,49650,306],{"class":76},[56,49652,49407],{"class":378},[56,49654,1635],{"class":76},[20,49656,239],{},[47,49658,49659],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49660,49661,49665],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49662,49663],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49664,4519],{"class":4393},[56,49666,49667],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49668,4580],{"class":4393},[353,49670,49672],{"id":49671},"check-text","Check text",[47,49674,49676],{"className":49,"code":49675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49677,49678,49690,49694,49712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49679,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49681,35217],{"class":65},[56,49683,1217],{"class":827},[56,49685,1231],{"class":1016},[56,49687,4386],{"class":1020},[56,49689,3903],{"class":1016},[56,49691,49692],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49693,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49695,49696,49698,49700,49702,49704,49706,49708,49710],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49697,373],{"class":72},[56,49699,77],{"class":76},[56,49701,49378],{"class":72},[56,49703,77],{"class":76},[56,49705,35238],{"class":95},[56,49707,306],{"class":76},[56,49709,49407],{"class":378},[56,49711,1635],{"class":76},[56,49713,49714,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726,49728],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,49715,373],{"class":72},[56,49717,77],{"class":76},[56,49719,49378],{"class":72},[56,49721,77],{"class":76},[56,49723,35238],{"class":95},[56,49725,306],{"class":76},[56,49727,1951],{"class":378},[56,49729,1635],{"class":76},[20,49731,239],{},[47,49733,49734],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49735,49736,49740],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49737,49738],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49739,4519],{"class":4393},[56,49741,49742],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49743,4580],{"class":4393},[20,49745,49746,49747,49749],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49748,45313],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49751,49752,49753,156],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[264,49754,49755],{"href":3504},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[42,49757,49759],{"id":49758},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49761,49762],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49764,49765],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[47,49767,49769],{"className":49,"code":49768,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49770,49771,49780,49784,49808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49772,49773,49775,49777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49774,2992],{"class":65},[56,49776,1217],{"class":827},[56,49778,49779],{"class":80}," 3.5\n",[56,49781,49782],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49783,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49785,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49787,373],{"class":72},[56,49789,77],{"class":76},[56,49791,49378],{"class":72},[56,49793,77],{"class":76},[56,49795,3017],{"class":95},[56,49797,306],{"class":76},[56,49799,9768],{"class":76},[56,49801,2734],{"class":378},[56,49803,306],{"class":76},[56,49805,40766],{"class":378},[56,49807,390],{"class":76},[56,49809,49810,49812,49814,49816,49818,49820,49822,49824,49826,49828,49830],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,49811,373],{"class":72},[56,49813,77],{"class":76},[56,49815,49378],{"class":72},[56,49817,77],{"class":76},[56,49819,3017],{"class":95},[56,49821,306],{"class":76},[56,49823,9768],{"class":76},[56,49825,3988],{"class":378},[56,49827,306],{"class":76},[56,49829,23096],{"class":378},[56,49831,390],{"class":76},[20,49833,239],{},[47,49835,49836],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49837,49838,49842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49839,49840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49841,4519],{"class":4393},[56,49843,49844],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49845,4580],{"class":4393},[20,49847,49848,49849,49851],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49850,41347],{}," conditions.",[20,49853,8829],{},[47,49855,49857],{"className":49,"code":49856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49858,49859,49867,49871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49860,49861,49863,49865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49862,2992],{"class":65},[56,49864,1217],{"class":827},[56,49866,49779],{"class":80},[56,49868,49869],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49870,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49872,49873,49875,49877,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49894,49896,49898,49900,49902,49904],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49874,373],{"class":72},[56,49876,77],{"class":76},[56,49878,2312],{"class":378},[56,49880,77],{"class":76},[56,49882,3017],{"class":95},[56,49884,4202],{"class":76},[56,49886,6941],{"class":827},[56,49888,1951],{"class":378},[56,49890,48740],{"class":62},[56,49892,49893],{"class":378}," type",[56,49895,77],{"class":76},[56,49897,3017],{"class":95},[56,49899,4202],{"class":76},[56,49901,6941],{"class":827},[56,49903,40766],{"class":378},[56,49905,99],{"class":76},[20,49907,49908],{},"you can write this:",[47,49910,49912],{"className":49,"code":49911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49913,49914,49922,49926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49915,49916,49918,49920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49917,2992],{"class":65},[56,49919,1217],{"class":827},[56,49921,49779],{"class":80},[56,49923,49924],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49925,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,49927,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49929,373],{"class":72},[56,49931,77],{"class":76},[56,49933,49378],{"class":72},[56,49935,77],{"class":76},[56,49937,3017],{"class":95},[56,49939,306],{"class":76},[56,49941,9768],{"class":76},[56,49943,2734],{"class":378},[56,49945,306],{"class":76},[56,49947,40766],{"class":378},[56,49949,390],{"class":76},[20,49951,49952],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[42,49954,49956,1682,49958],{"id":49955},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49957,45313],{},[15,49959,2847],{},[20,49961,11122,49962,4935,49964,49968],{},[15,49963,45313],{},[264,49965,49966],{"href":2844},[15,49967,2847],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[353,49970,49972],{"id":49971},"typevalue-int",[15,49973,49974],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49976,49977],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[47,49979,49981],{"className":49,"code":49980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49982,49983,49991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49984,49985,49987,49989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49986,2992],{"class":65},[56,49988,1217],{"class":827},[56,49990,3130],{"class":80},[56,49992,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,49994,373],{"class":72},[56,49996,77],{"class":76},[56,49998,2312],{"class":378},[56,50000,77],{"class":76},[56,50002,3017],{"class":95},[56,50004,4202],{"class":76},[56,50006,6941],{"class":827},[56,50008,1951],{"class":378},[56,50010,99],{"class":76},[353,50012,50014],{"id":50013},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,50015,50016],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,50018,50019],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[47,50021,50023],{"className":49,"code":50022,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,50024,50025,50033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50026,50027,50029,50031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50028,2992],{"class":65},[56,50030,1217],{"class":827},[56,50032,3130],{"class":80},[56,50034,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047,50049],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50036,373],{"class":72},[56,50038,77],{"class":76},[56,50040,49378],{"class":72},[56,50042,77],{"class":76},[56,50044,3017],{"class":95},[56,50046,306],{"class":76},[56,50048,1951],{"class":378},[56,50050,1635],{"class":76},[20,50052,50053,50054,50056],{},"For beginners, ",[15,50055,45313],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,50058,50059],{},"In everyday code:",[173,50061,50062,50067],{},[176,50063,40501,50064,50066],{},[15,50065,2847],{}," when you need the exact type",[176,50068,40501,50069,50071],{},[15,50070,45313],{}," when you want a practical type check",[42,50073,50075],{"id":50074},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,50077,50078,50079,156],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,50080,45313],{},[353,50082,50084],{"id":50083},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[47,50086,50088],{"className":49,"code":50087,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50089,50090,50108,50127,50139,50144,50162,50173,50177,50189,50193,50217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50091,50092,50094,50097,50099,50101,50103,50106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50093,35381],{"class":2610},[56,50095,50096],{"class":35384}," repeat_text",[56,50098,77],{"class":76},[56,50100,35238],{"class":38174},[56,50102,306],{"class":76},[56,50104,50105],{"class":38174}," count",[56,50107,84],{"class":76},[56,50109,50110,50112,50114,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50111,6931],{"class":62},[56,50113,8631],{"class":827},[56,50115,50116],{"class":72}," isinstance",[56,50118,77],{"class":76},[56,50120,35238],{"class":95},[56,50122,306],{"class":76},[56,50124,49407],{"class":378},[56,50126,84],{"class":76},[56,50128,50129,50132,50134,50137],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50130,50131],{"class":62},"        return",[56,50133,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50135,50136],{"class":1020},"text must be a string",[56,50138,3903],{"class":1016},[56,50140,50141],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,50142,50143],{"class":65},"    \n",[56,50145,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,50147,6931],{"class":62},[56,50149,8631],{"class":827},[56,50151,50116],{"class":72},[56,50153,77],{"class":76},[56,50155,41770],{"class":95},[56,50157,306],{"class":76},[56,50159,1951],{"class":378},[56,50161,84],{"class":76},[56,50163,50164,50166,50168,50171],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,50165,50131],{"class":62},[56,50167,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50169,50170],{"class":1020},"count must be an integer",[56,50172,3903],{"class":1016},[56,50174,50175],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,50176,50143],{"class":65},[56,50178,50179,50181,50184,50186],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,50180,35392],{"class":62},[56,50182,50183],{"class":65}," text ",[56,50185,40383],{"class":827},[56,50187,50188],{"class":65}," count\n",[56,50190,50191],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,50192,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,50194,50195,50197,50199,50202,50204,50206,50209,50211,50213,50215],{"class":58,"line":6967},[56,50196,373],{"class":72},[56,50198,77],{"class":76},[56,50200,50201],{"class":95},"repeat_text",[56,50203,77],{"class":76},[56,50205,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50207,50208],{"class":1020},"Hi ",[56,50210,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50212,306],{"class":76},[56,50214,419],{"class":80},[56,50216,1635],{"class":76},[56,50218,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239,50241],{"class":58,"line":12128},[56,50220,373],{"class":72},[56,50222,77],{"class":76},[56,50224,50201],{"class":95},[56,50226,77],{"class":76},[56,50228,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50230,50208],{"class":1020},[56,50232,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50234,306],{"class":76},[56,50236,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50238,223],{"class":1020},[56,50240,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50242,1635],{"class":76},[20,50244,239],{},[47,50246,50248],{"className":49,"code":50247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50249,50250,50255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50251,50252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50253,50254],{"class":65},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[56,50256,50257],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50258,50259],{"class":65},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50261,50262],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[353,50264,50266],{"id":50265},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[47,50268,50270],{"className":49,"code":50269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50271,50272,50304,50308,50324,50339,50356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50273,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50275,2992],{"class":65},[56,50277,1217],{"class":827},[56,50279,1220],{"class":76},[56,50281,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50283,264],{"class":1020},[56,50285,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50287,306],{"class":76},[56,50289,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50291,1234],{"class":1020},[56,50293,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50295,306],{"class":76},[56,50297,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50299,1243],{"class":1020},[56,50301,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50303,427],{"class":76},[56,50305,50306],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50307,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,50309,50310,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50311,7529],{"class":62},[56,50313,50116],{"class":72},[56,50315,77],{"class":76},[56,50317,3017],{"class":95},[56,50319,306],{"class":76},[56,50321,49407],{"class":378},[56,50323,84],{"class":76},[56,50325,50326,50328,50330,50332,50335,50337],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,50327,90],{"class":72},[56,50329,77],{"class":76},[56,50331,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50333,50334],{"class":1020},"This is text",[56,50336,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50338,99],{"class":76},[56,50340,50341,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,50342,50343],{"class":62},"elif",[56,50345,50116],{"class":72},[56,50347,77],{"class":76},[56,50349,3017],{"class":95},[56,50351,306],{"class":76},[56,50353,23096],{"class":378},[56,50355,84],{"class":76},[56,50357,50358,50360,50362,50364,50367,50369],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,50359,90],{"class":72},[56,50361,77],{"class":76},[56,50363,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50365,50366],{"class":1020},"This is a list",[56,50368,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50370,99],{"class":76},[20,50372,239],{},[47,50374,50376],{"className":49,"code":50375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This is a list\n",[15,50377,50378],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50379,50380,50383,50385,50387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50381,50382],{"class":65},"This ",[56,50384,1176],{"class":827},[56,50386,45052],{"class":65},[56,50388,50389],{"class":378},"list\n",[353,50391,50393],{"id":50392},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[47,50395,50397],{"className":49,"code":50396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50398,50399,50411,50415,50431,50445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50400,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50402,2992],{"class":65},[56,50404,1217],{"class":827},[56,50406,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50408,47032],{"class":1020},[56,50410,3903],{"class":1016},[56,50412,50413],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50414,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,50416,50417,50419,50421,50423,50425,50427,50429],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50418,7529],{"class":62},[56,50420,50116],{"class":72},[56,50422,77],{"class":76},[56,50424,3017],{"class":95},[56,50426,306],{"class":76},[56,50428,49407],{"class":378},[56,50430,84],{"class":76},[56,50432,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,50434,42400],{"class":65},[56,50436,1217],{"class":827},[56,50438,1951],{"class":378},[56,50440,77],{"class":76},[56,50442,3017],{"class":95},[56,50444,99],{"class":76},[56,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,50448,90],{"class":72},[56,50450,77],{"class":76},[56,50452,234],{"class":95},[56,50454,99],{"class":76},[20,50456,239],{},[47,50458,50459],{"className":49,"code":47118,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,50460,50461],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50462,50463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50464,47118],{"class":80},[20,50466,50467],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[353,50469,50471],{"id":50470},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[47,50473,50475],{"className":49,"code":50474,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50476,50477,50501,50505,50521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50478,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50480,2992],{"class":65},[56,50482,1217],{"class":827},[56,50484,11023],{"class":76},[56,50486,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50488,8201],{"class":1020},[56,50490,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50492,1045],{"class":76},[56,50494,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50496,13414],{"class":1020},[56,50498,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50500,9841],{"class":76},[56,50502,50503],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50504,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,50506,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50508,7529],{"class":62},[56,50510,50116],{"class":72},[56,50512,77],{"class":76},[56,50514,3017],{"class":95},[56,50516,306],{"class":76},[56,50518,9702],{"class":378},[56,50520,84],{"class":76},[56,50522,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,50524,90],{"class":72},[56,50526,77],{"class":76},[56,50528,3017],{"class":95},[56,50530,402],{"class":76},[56,50532,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50534,8201],{"class":1020},[56,50536,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50538,1294],{"class":76},[20,50540,239],{},[47,50542,50544],{"className":49,"code":50543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\n",[15,50545,50546],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50547,50548],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50549,50543],{"class":65},[20,50551,50552,50553,50555],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50554,3547],{}," messages later.",[42,50557,1690],{"id":1689},[353,50559,50561,50562,11624,50565],{"id":50560},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50563,50564],{},"\"int\"",[15,50566,2734],{},[20,50568,17179],{},[47,50570,50572],{"className":49,"code":50571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50573,50574,50582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50575,50576,50578,50580],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50577,2992],{"class":65},[56,50579,1217],{"class":827},[56,50581,3130],{"class":80},[56,50583,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50585,373],{"class":72},[56,50587,77],{"class":76},[56,50589,49378],{"class":72},[56,50591,77],{"class":76},[56,50593,3017],{"class":95},[56,50595,306],{"class":76},[56,50597,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50599,2734],{"class":1020},[56,50601,1017],{"class":1016},[56,50603,1635],{"class":76},[20,50605,50606,50608],{},[15,50607,50564],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50610,17191],{},[47,50612,50613],{"className":49,"code":50022,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,50614,50615,50623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50616,50617,50619,50621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50618,2992],{"class":65},[56,50620,1217],{"class":827},[56,50622,3130],{"class":80},[56,50624,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50626,373],{"class":72},[56,50628,77],{"class":76},[56,50630,49378],{"class":72},[56,50632,77],{"class":76},[56,50634,3017],{"class":95},[56,50636,306],{"class":76},[56,50638,1951],{"class":378},[56,50640,1635],{"class":76},[353,50642,50644],{"id":50643},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50646,17179],{},[47,50648,50650],{"className":49,"code":50649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50651,50652,50660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50653,50654,50656,50658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50655,2992],{"class":65},[56,50657,1217],{"class":827},[56,50659,35372],{"class":80},[56,50661,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50663,373],{"class":72},[56,50665,77],{"class":76},[56,50667,49378],{"class":72},[56,50669,77],{"class":76},[56,50671,3017],{"class":95},[56,50673,306],{"class":76},[56,50675,1220],{"class":76},[56,50677,2734],{"class":378},[56,50679,306],{"class":76},[56,50681,40766],{"class":378},[56,50683,3541],{"class":76},[20,50685,50686],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50688,17191],{},[47,50690,50692],{"className":49,"code":50691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50693,50694,50702],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50695,50696,50698,50700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50697,2992],{"class":65},[56,50699,1217],{"class":827},[56,50701,35372],{"class":80},[56,50703,50704,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720,50722,50724],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50705,373],{"class":72},[56,50707,77],{"class":76},[56,50709,49378],{"class":72},[56,50711,77],{"class":76},[56,50713,3017],{"class":95},[56,50715,306],{"class":76},[56,50717,9768],{"class":76},[56,50719,2734],{"class":378},[56,50721,306],{"class":76},[56,50723,40766],{"class":378},[56,50725,390],{"class":76},[353,50727,26307,50729,50731],{"id":50728},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50730,45313],{}," converts a value",[20,50733,19449],{},[47,50735,50737],{"className":49,"code":50736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50738,50739,50752,50770,50774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50740,50741,50743,50745,50747,50750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50742,2992],{"class":65},[56,50744,1217],{"class":827},[56,50746,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50748,50749],{"class":1020},"123",[56,50751,3903],{"class":1016},[56,50753,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766,50768],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50755,2775],{"class":65},[56,50757,1217],{"class":827},[56,50759,50116],{"class":72},[56,50761,77],{"class":76},[56,50763,3017],{"class":95},[56,50765,306],{"class":76},[56,50767,1951],{"class":378},[56,50769,99],{"class":76},[56,50771,50772],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50773,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,50775,50776,50778,50780,50782],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,50777,373],{"class":72},[56,50779,77],{"class":76},[56,50781,2809],{"class":95},[56,50783,99],{"class":76},[20,50785,239],{},[47,50787,50788],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,50789,50790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50791,50792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50793,4580],{"class":4393},[20,50795,50796,50797,50800,50801,50803],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50798,50799],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50802,50749],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50805,50806,50807,7162],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50808,50809],{},"int(value)",[353,50811,50813],{"id":50812},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50815,50816,50818],{},[15,50817,45313],{}," does not modify anything.",[47,50820,50822],{"className":49,"code":50821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50823,50824,50836,50840,50858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50825,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50827,2992],{"class":65},[56,50829,1217],{"class":827},[56,50831,1231],{"class":1016},[56,50833,14092],{"class":1020},[56,50835,3903],{"class":1016},[56,50837,50838],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50839,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,50841,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50843,373],{"class":72},[56,50845,77],{"class":76},[56,50847,49378],{"class":72},[56,50849,77],{"class":76},[56,50851,3017],{"class":95},[56,50853,306],{"class":76},[56,50855,49407],{"class":378},[56,50857,1635],{"class":76},[56,50859,50860,50862,50864,50866],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,50861,373],{"class":72},[56,50863,77],{"class":76},[56,50865,3017],{"class":95},[56,50867,99],{"class":76},[20,50869,239],{},[47,50871,50873],{"className":49,"code":50872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n100\n",[15,50874,50875,50879],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50876,50877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50878,4519],{"class":4393},[56,50880,50881],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50882,47767],{"class":80},[20,50884,50885],{},"The value stays the same.",[42,50887,26475],{"id":26474},[20,50889,50890],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[47,50892,50894],{"className":49,"code":50893,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50895,50896,50910,50928,50952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50897,50898,50900,50902,50904,50906,50908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50899,373],{"class":72},[56,50901,77],{"class":76},[56,50903,2312],{"class":378},[56,50905,77],{"class":76},[56,50907,3017],{"class":95},[56,50909,1635],{"class":76},[56,50911,50912,50914,50916,50918,50920,50922,50924,50926],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,50913,373],{"class":72},[56,50915,77],{"class":76},[56,50917,49378],{"class":72},[56,50919,77],{"class":76},[56,50921,3017],{"class":95},[56,50923,306],{"class":76},[56,50925,1951],{"class":378},[56,50927,1635],{"class":76},[56,50929,50930,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948,50950],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50931,373],{"class":72},[56,50933,77],{"class":76},[56,50935,49378],{"class":72},[56,50937,77],{"class":76},[56,50939,3017],{"class":95},[56,50941,306],{"class":76},[56,50943,9768],{"class":76},[56,50945,2734],{"class":378},[56,50947,306],{"class":76},[56,50949,40766],{"class":378},[56,50951,390],{"class":76},[56,50953,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,50955,373],{"class":72},[56,50957,77],{"class":76},[56,50959,42290],{"class":72},[56,50961,77],{"class":76},[56,50963,3017],{"class":95},[56,50965,1635],{"class":76},[20,50967,50968],{},"These can help when:",[173,50970,50971,50974,50979,50982],{},[176,50972,50973],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[176,50975,50976,50977],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50978,3547],{},[176,50980,50981],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[176,50983,50984,50985,50987],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50986,45313],{}," is invalid",[20,50989,50990],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[173,50992,50993,51007,51013,51018],{},[176,50994,50995,50996,3422,50999,51002,51003,3422,51005],{},"using ",[15,50997,50998],{},"'int'",[15,51000,51001],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,51004,2734],{},[15,51006,3988],{},[176,51008,51009,51010,51012],{},"expecting ",[15,51011,45313],{}," to convert a value",[176,51014,50995,51015,51017],{},[15,51016,2847],{}," when inherited types should also match",[176,51019,51020],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,51022,51023,51024,156],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[264,51025,2003,51026],{"href":2002},[15,51027,2006],{},[42,51029,2343],{"id":2342},[353,51031,5682,51033,5685],{"id":51032},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,51034,45313],{},[20,51036,5688,51037,51039,51040,156],{},[15,51038,4146],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,51041,4215],{},[353,51043,2372,51045,51047],{"id":51044},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,51046,45313],{}," check more than one type?",[20,51049,51050,51051,156],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,51052,51053],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[353,51055,5718,51057,4935,51059,2363],{"id":51056},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,51058,45313],{},[15,51060,2847],{},[20,51062,51063,51065,51066,51068],{},[15,51064,2847],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,51067,45313],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[353,51070,2347,51072,51074],{"id":51071},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,51073,45313],{}," convert a value?",[20,51076,51077],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[42,51079,2417],{"id":2416},[173,51081,51082,51088,51092,51097,51102],{},[176,51083,51084],{},[264,51085,13,51086,2430],{"href":2844},[15,51087,2847],{},[176,51089,51090],{},[264,51091,45305],{"href":49481},[176,51093,51094],{},[264,51095,51096],{"href":3504},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[176,51098,51099],{},[264,51100,51101],{"href":49484},"What is a data type in Python?",[176,51103,51104],{},[264,51105,2003,51106],{"href":2002},[15,51107,2006],{},[2451,51109,51110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":51112},[51113,51114,51116,51119,51123,51124,51129,51135,51143,51144,51154],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":49420,"depth":87,"text":51115},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":51117},[51118],{"id":49512,"depth":102,"text":49513},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008,"children":51120},[51121,51122],{"id":49600,"depth":102,"text":49601},{"id":49671,"depth":102,"text":49672},{"id":49758,"depth":87,"text":49759},{"id":49955,"depth":87,"text":51125,"children":51126},"isinstance() vs type()",[51127,51128],{"id":49971,"depth":102,"text":49974},{"id":50013,"depth":102,"text":50016},{"id":50074,"depth":87,"text":50075,"children":51130},[51131,51132,51133,51134],{"id":50083,"depth":102,"text":50084},{"id":50265,"depth":102,"text":50266},{"id":50392,"depth":102,"text":50393},{"id":50470,"depth":102,"text":50471},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":51136},[51137,51139,51140,51142],{"id":50560,"depth":102,"text":51138},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50643,"depth":102,"text":50644},{"id":50728,"depth":102,"text":51141},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50812,"depth":102,"text":50813},{"id":26474,"depth":87,"text":26475},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":51145},[51146,51148,51150,51152],{"id":51032,"depth":102,"text":51147},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51044,"depth":102,"text":51149},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51056,"depth":102,"text":51151},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51071,"depth":102,"text":51153},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49321,"description":51155},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51161,"title":51162,"body":51163,"description":53136,"extension":2509,"meta":53137,"navigation":105,"path":53138,"seo":53139,"stem":53140,"__hash__":53141},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51164,"toc":53111},[51165,51168,51173,51178,51192,51195,51197,51272,51277,51281,51286,51289,51303,51305,51471,51484,51486,51488,51503,51506,51509,51522,51524,51622,51626,51632,51635,51644,51646,51681,51686,51707,51712,51717,51749,51752,51809,51813,51819,51822,51875,51877,51917,51920,51988,51991,52042,52049,52053,52059,52144,52150,52156,52205,52208,52211,52261,52263,52268,52272,52322,52326,52373,52377,52454,52458,52523,52526,52530,52535,52540,52552,52554,52573,52579,52582,52601,52606,52633,52640,52644,52650,52653,52748,52751,52754,52803,52808,52810,52814,52849,52852,52909,52919,52922,52956,52959,52961,52965,52968,52972,52975,52979,52982,52986,52999,53003,53008,53010,53060,53072,53074,53108],[10,51166,51162],{"id":51167},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51169,9654,51170,51172],{},[15,51171,1331],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51174,35935,51175,51177],{},[15,51176,1331],{}," to count:",[173,51179,51180,51183,51186,51189],{},[176,51181,51182],{},"characters in a string",[176,51184,51185],{},"items in a list or tuple",[176,51187,51188],{},"keys in a dictionary",[176,51190,51191],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51193,51194],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[42,51196,45],{"id":44},[47,51198,51200],{"className":49,"code":51199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51201,51202,51214,51234,51238,51255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51203,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51205,35217],{"class":65},[56,51207,1217],{"class":827},[56,51209,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51211,4386],{"class":1020},[56,51213,3903],{"class":1016},[56,51215,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51217,1214],{"class":65},[56,51219,1217],{"class":827},[56,51221,1220],{"class":76},[56,51223,2291],{"class":80},[56,51225,306],{"class":76},[56,51227,8323],{"class":80},[56,51229,306],{"class":76},[56,51231,8328],{"class":80},[56,51233,427],{"class":76},[56,51235,51236],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51237,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,51239,51240,51242,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,51241,373],{"class":72},[56,51243,77],{"class":76},[56,51245,1266],{"class":72},[56,51247,77],{"class":76},[56,51249,35238],{"class":95},[56,51251,5901],{"class":76},[56,51253,51254],{"class":112},"   # 5\n",[56,51256,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,51258,373],{"class":72},[56,51260,77],{"class":76},[56,51262,1266],{"class":72},[56,51264,77],{"class":76},[56,51266,1271],{"class":95},[56,51268,5901],{"class":76},[56,51270,51271],{"class":112},"  # 3\n",[20,51273,2638,51274,51276],{},[15,51275,1331],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[42,51278,51280],{"id":51279},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51282,51283,51285],{},[15,51284,1331],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51287,51288],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[173,51290,51291,51294,51297,51300],{},[176,51292,51293],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[176,51295,51296],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[176,51298,51299],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[176,51301,51302],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51304,986],{},[47,51306,51308],{"className":49,"code":51307,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51309,51310,51322,51347,51379,51399,51403,51420,51437,51454],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51311,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51313,8409],{"class":65},[56,51315,1217],{"class":827},[56,51317,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51319,8210],{"class":1020},[56,51321,3903],{"class":1016},[56,51323,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340,51342,51345],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51325,1594],{"class":65},[56,51327,1217],{"class":827},[56,51329,1220],{"class":76},[56,51331,2291],{"class":80},[56,51333,306],{"class":76},[56,51335,8323],{"class":80},[56,51337,306],{"class":76},[56,51339,8328],{"class":80},[56,51341,306],{"class":76},[56,51343,51344],{"class":80}," 40",[56,51346,427],{"class":76},[56,51348,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51350,9697],{"class":65},[56,51352,1217],{"class":827},[56,51354,11023],{"class":76},[56,51356,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51358,264],{"class":1020},[56,51360,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51362,1045],{"class":76},[56,51364,409],{"class":80},[56,51366,306],{"class":76},[56,51368,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51370,1234],{"class":1020},[56,51372,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51374,1045],{"class":76},[56,51376,414],{"class":80},[56,51378,9841],{"class":76},[56,51380,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,51382,4364],{"class":65},[56,51384,1217],{"class":827},[56,51386,11023],{"class":76},[56,51388,81],{"class":80},[56,51390,306],{"class":76},[56,51392,468],{"class":80},[56,51394,306],{"class":76},[56,51396,566],{"class":80},[56,51398,9841],{"class":76},[56,51400,51401],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,51402,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,51404,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,51406,373],{"class":72},[56,51408,77],{"class":76},[56,51410,1266],{"class":72},[56,51412,77],{"class":76},[56,51414,8201],{"class":95},[56,51416,5901],{"class":76},[56,51418,51419],{"class":112},"     # 3\n",[56,51421,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430,51432,51434],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,51423,373],{"class":72},[56,51425,77],{"class":76},[56,51427,1266],{"class":72},[56,51429,77],{"class":76},[56,51431,1618],{"class":95},[56,51433,5901],{"class":76},[56,51435,51436],{"class":112},"  # 4\n",[56,51438,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,51440,373],{"class":72},[56,51442,77],{"class":76},[56,51444,1266],{"class":72},[56,51446,77],{"class":76},[56,51448,9736],{"class":95},[56,51450,5901],{"class":76},[56,51452,51453],{"class":112},"     # 2\n",[56,51455,51456,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,51457,373],{"class":72},[56,51459,77],{"class":76},[56,51461,1266],{"class":72},[56,51463,77],{"class":76},[56,51465,5898],{"class":95},[56,51467,5901],{"class":76},[56,51469,51470],{"class":112},"   # 3\n",[20,51472,51473,51474,2735,51478,17607,51482,156],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[264,51475,51477],{"href":51476},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[264,51479,51481],{"href":51480},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[264,51483,9687],{"href":9686},[42,51485,2702],{"id":2701},[20,51487,2705],{},[47,51489,51491],{"className":49,"code":51490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len(object)\n",[15,51492,51493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51494,51495,51497,51499,51501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51496,1266],{"class":72},[56,51498,77],{"class":76},[56,51500,42906],{"class":378},[56,51502,99],{"class":76},[20,51504,51505],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51507,51508],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[173,51510,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519],{},[176,51512,38419],{},[176,51514,38413],{},[176,51516,38416],{},[176,51518,38422],{},[176,51520,51521],{},"a dictionary",[20,51523,986],{},[47,51525,51527],{"className":49,"code":51526,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51528,51529,51550,51574,51596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51530,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51532,373],{"class":72},[56,51534,77],{"class":76},[56,51536,1266],{"class":72},[56,51538,77],{"class":76},[56,51540,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51542,51],{"class":1020},[56,51544,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51546,5901],{"class":76},[56,51548,51549],{"class":112},"      # 6\n",[56,51551,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51553,373],{"class":72},[56,51555,77],{"class":76},[56,51557,1266],{"class":72},[56,51559,3528],{"class":76},[56,51561,529],{"class":80},[56,51563,306],{"class":76},[56,51565,414],{"class":80},[56,51567,306],{"class":76},[56,51569,419],{"class":80},[56,51571,5274],{"class":76},[56,51573,51419],{"class":112},[56,51575,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590,51593],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51577,373],{"class":72},[56,51579,77],{"class":76},[56,51581,1266],{"class":72},[56,51583,6049],{"class":76},[56,51585,2291],{"class":80},[56,51587,306],{"class":76},[56,51589,8323],{"class":80},[56,51591,51592],{"class":76},")))",[56,51594,51595],{"class":112},"      # 2\n",[56,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51619],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,51599,373],{"class":72},[56,51601,77],{"class":76},[56,51603,1266],{"class":72},[56,51605,6068],{"class":76},[56,51607,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51609,2719],{"class":1020},[56,51611,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51613,1045],{"class":76},[56,51615,409],{"class":80},[56,51617,51618],{"class":76},"}))",[56,51620,51621],{"class":112},"      # 1\n",[42,51623,51625],{"id":51624},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51627,51628,51629,51631],{},"When you use ",[15,51630,1331],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51633,51634],{},"That includes:",[173,51636,51637,51639,51641],{},[176,51638,36666],{},[176,51640,10984],{},[176,51642,51643],{},"punctuation",[20,51645,986],{},[47,51647,51649],{"className":49,"code":51648,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51650,51651,51664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51652,51653,51655,51657,51659,51662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51654,35217],{"class":65},[56,51656,1217],{"class":827},[56,51658,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51660,51661],{"class":1020},"Hi there!",[56,51663,3903],{"class":1016},[56,51665,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51667,373],{"class":72},[56,51669,77],{"class":76},[56,51671,1266],{"class":72},[56,51673,77],{"class":76},[56,51675,35238],{"class":95},[56,51677,5901],{"class":76},[56,51679,51680],{"class":112},"  # 9\n",[20,51682,51683,51684,2363],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51685,786],{},[173,51687,51688,51694,51698,51701],{},[176,51689,51690,51693],{},[15,51691,51692],{},"H"," = 1",[176,51695,51696,51693],{},[15,51697,96],{},[176,51699,51700],{},"space = 1",[176,51702,51703,51706],{},[15,51704,51705],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51708,51709,51710],{},"Total: ",[15,51711,786],{},[20,51713,51714,51715,1045],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51716,152],{},[47,51718,51720],{"className":49,"code":51719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51721,51722,51731],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51723,51724,51727,51729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51725,51726],{"class":65},"empty_text ",[56,51728,1217],{"class":827},[56,51730,8414],{"class":1016},[56,51732,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51744,51746],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51734,373],{"class":72},[56,51736,77],{"class":76},[56,51738,1266],{"class":72},[56,51740,77],{"class":76},[56,51742,51743],{"class":95},"empty_text",[56,51745,5901],{"class":76},[56,51747,51748],{"class":112},"  # 0\n",[20,51750,51751],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[47,51753,51755],{"className":49,"code":51754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51756,51757,51770,51774,51794],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51758,51759,51762,51764,51766,51768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51760,51761],{"class":65},"user_name ",[56,51763,1217],{"class":827},[56,51765,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51767,5543],{"class":1020},[56,51769,3903],{"class":1016},[56,51771,51772],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51773,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,51775,51776,51778,51780,51782,51785,51787,51790,51792],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51777,7529],{"class":62},[56,51779,38897],{"class":72},[56,51781,77],{"class":76},[56,51783,51784],{"class":95},"user_name",[56,51786,4202],{"class":76},[56,51788,51789],{"class":827}," >=",[56,51791,419],{"class":80},[56,51793,1390],{"class":76},[56,51795,51796,51798,51800,51802,51805,51807],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,51797,90],{"class":72},[56,51799,77],{"class":76},[56,51801,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51803,51804],{"class":1020},"Name is long enough",[56,51806,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51808,99],{"class":76},[42,51810,51812],{"id":51811},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51814,51815,51816,51818],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51817,1331],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51820,51821],{},"Example with a list:",[47,51823,51825],{"className":49,"code":51824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51826,51827,51859],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51828,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51830,13609],{"class":65},[56,51832,1217],{"class":827},[56,51834,1220],{"class":76},[56,51836,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51838,13626],{"class":1020},[56,51840,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51842,306],{"class":76},[56,51844,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51846,17990],{"class":1020},[56,51848,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51850,306],{"class":76},[56,51852,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51854,13643],{"class":1020},[56,51856,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51858,427],{"class":76},[56,51860,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51862,373],{"class":72},[56,51864,77],{"class":76},[56,51866,1266],{"class":72},[56,51868,77],{"class":76},[56,51870,18037],{"class":95},[56,51872,5901],{"class":76},[56,51874,51271],{"class":112},[20,51876,38428],{},[47,51878,51880],{"className":49,"code":51879,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51881,51882,51899],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51883,51884,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51885,51886],{"class":65},"point ",[56,51888,1217],{"class":827},[56,51890,9768],{"class":76},[56,51892,2291],{"class":80},[56,51894,306],{"class":76},[56,51896,8323],{"class":80},[56,51898,99],{"class":76},[56,51900,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51912,51914],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51902,373],{"class":72},[56,51904,77],{"class":76},[56,51906,1266],{"class":72},[56,51908,77],{"class":76},[56,51910,51911],{"class":95},"point",[56,51913,5901],{"class":76},[56,51915,51916],{"class":112},"  # 2\n",[20,51918,51919],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[47,51921,51923],{"className":49,"code":51922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51924,51925,51949,51953,51971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51926,51927,51929,51931,51933,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945,51947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51928,1214],{"class":65},[56,51930,1217],{"class":827},[56,51932,1220],{"class":76},[56,51934,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51936,4619],{"class":1020},[56,51938,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51940,306],{"class":76},[56,51942,1231],{"class":1016},[56,51944,4628],{"class":1020},[56,51946,1017],{"class":1016},[56,51948,427],{"class":76},[56,51950,51951],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,51952,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,51954,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51956,7529],{"class":62},[56,51958,38897],{"class":72},[56,51960,77],{"class":76},[56,51962,1271],{"class":95},[56,51964,4202],{"class":76},[56,51966,38907],{"class":827},[56,51968,409],{"class":80},[56,51970,1390],{"class":76},[56,51972,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981,51983,51985],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,51974,90],{"class":72},[56,51976,77],{"class":76},[56,51978,1271],{"class":95},[56,51980,402],{"class":76},[56,51982,529],{"class":80},[56,51984,20981],{"class":76},[56,51986,51987],{"class":112},"  # banana\n",[20,51989,51990],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[47,51992,51994],{"className":49,"code":51993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51995,51996,52019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51997,51998,52000,52002,52004,52007,52009,52012,52014,52017],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51999,5603],{"class":65},[56,52001,1217],{"class":827},[56,52003,1220],{"class":76},[56,52005,52006],{"class":80},"88",[56,52008,306],{"class":76},[56,52010,52011],{"class":80}," 91",[56,52013,306],{"class":76},[56,52015,52016],{"class":80}," 75",[56,52018,427],{"class":76},[56,52020,52021,52023,52025,52027,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52022,373],{"class":72},[56,52024,77],{"class":76},[56,52026,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52028,52029],{"class":1020},"Number of scores:",[56,52031,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52033,306],{"class":76},[56,52035,38897],{"class":72},[56,52037,77],{"class":76},[56,52039,16924],{"class":95},[56,52041,1635],{"class":76},[20,52043,52044,52045,156],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[264,52046,52048],{"href":52047},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[42,52050,52052],{"id":52051},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,52054,52055,52056,52058],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,52057,1331],{}," counts keys.",[47,52060,52062],{"className":49,"code":52061,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,52063,52064,52072,52090,52104,52120,52124,52128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52065,52066,52068,52070],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52067,13397],{"class":65},[56,52069,1217],{"class":827},[56,52071,12026],{"class":76},[56,52073,52074,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52075,12031],{"class":1016},[56,52077,8201],{"class":1020},[56,52079,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52081,1045],{"class":76},[56,52083,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52085,8454],{"class":1020},[56,52087,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52089,12047],{"class":76},[56,52091,52092,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52093,12031],{"class":1016},[56,52095,9831],{"class":1020},[56,52097,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52099,1045],{"class":76},[56,52101,31473],{"class":80},[56,52103,12047],{"class":76},[56,52105,52106,52108,52110,52112,52114,52116,52118],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,52107,12031],{"class":1016},[56,52109,20426],{"class":1020},[56,52111,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52113,1045],{"class":76},[56,52115,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52117,22781],{"class":1020},[56,52119,3903],{"class":1016},[56,52121,52122],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,52123,9841],{"class":76},[56,52125,52126],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,52127,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,52129,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140,52142],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,52131,373],{"class":72},[56,52133,77],{"class":76},[56,52135,1266],{"class":72},[56,52137,77],{"class":76},[56,52139,14160],{"class":95},[56,52141,5901],{"class":76},[56,52143,51271],{"class":112},[20,52145,52146,52147,52149],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52148,1331],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52151,52152,52153,52155],{},"For sets, ",[15,52154,1331],{}," counts unique items:",[47,52157,52159],{"className":49,"code":52158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52160,52161,52189],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52162,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171,52173,52175,52177,52179,52181,52183,52185,52187],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52164,1594],{"class":65},[56,52166,1217],{"class":827},[56,52168,11023],{"class":76},[56,52170,529],{"class":80},[56,52172,306],{"class":76},[56,52174,414],{"class":80},[56,52176,306],{"class":76},[56,52178,419],{"class":80},[56,52180,306],{"class":76},[56,52182,419],{"class":80},[56,52184,306],{"class":76},[56,52186,414],{"class":80},[56,52188,9841],{"class":76},[56,52190,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52192,373],{"class":72},[56,52194,77],{"class":76},[56,52196,1266],{"class":72},[56,52198,77],{"class":76},[56,52200,1618],{"class":95},[56,52202,5901],{"class":76},[56,52204,51271],{"class":112},[20,52206,52207],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52209,52210],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[47,52212,52214],{"className":49,"code":52213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52215,52216,52224,52228,52246],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52217,52218,52220,52222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52219,9697],{"class":65},[56,52221,1217],{"class":827},[56,52223,10370],{"class":76},[56,52225,52226],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52227,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,52229,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52231,7529],{"class":62},[56,52233,38897],{"class":72},[56,52235,77],{"class":76},[56,52237,9736],{"class":95},[56,52239,4202],{"class":76},[56,52241,6941],{"class":827},[56,52243,822],{"class":80},[56,52245,1390],{"class":76},[56,52247,52248,52250,52252,52254,52257,52259],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,52249,90],{"class":72},[56,52251,77],{"class":76},[56,52253,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52255,52256],{"class":1020},"The dictionary is empty",[56,52258,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52260,99],{"class":76},[42,52262,41556],{"id":41555},[20,52264,52265,52266,156],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52267,1331],{},[353,52269,52271],{"id":52270},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[47,52273,52275],{"className":49,"code":52274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52276,52277,52285,52289,52307],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52278,52279,52281,52283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52280,1214],{"class":65},[56,52282,1217],{"class":827},[56,52284,8371],{"class":76},[56,52286,52287],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52288,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,52290,52291,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52292,7529],{"class":62},[56,52294,38897],{"class":72},[56,52296,77],{"class":76},[56,52298,1271],{"class":95},[56,52300,4202],{"class":76},[56,52302,6941],{"class":827},[56,52304,822],{"class":80},[56,52306,1390],{"class":76},[56,52308,52309,52311,52313,52315,52318,52320],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,52310,90],{"class":72},[56,52312,77],{"class":76},[56,52314,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52316,52317],{"class":1020},"The list is empty",[56,52319,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52321,99],{"class":76},[353,52323,52325],{"id":52324},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[47,52327,52329],{"className":49,"code":52328,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52330,52331,52350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52332,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52346,52348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52334,6689],{"class":65},[56,52336,1217],{"class":827},[56,52338,1886],{"class":72},[56,52340,77],{"class":76},[56,52342,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52344,52345],{"class":1020},"Enter a word: ",[56,52347,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52349,99],{"class":76},[56,52351,52352,52354,52356,52358,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369,52371],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52353,373],{"class":72},[56,52355,77],{"class":76},[56,52357,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52359,52360],{"class":1020},"Number of characters:",[56,52362,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52364,306],{"class":76},[56,52366,38897],{"class":72},[56,52368,77],{"class":76},[56,52370,38902],{"class":95},[56,52372,1635],{"class":76},[353,52374,52376],{"id":52375},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[47,52378,52380],{"className":49,"code":52379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52381,52382,52396,52400,52418,52433,52439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52383,52384,52387,52389,52391,52394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52385,52386],{"class":65},"password ",[56,52388,1217],{"class":827},[56,52390,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52392,52393],{"class":1020},"secret123",[56,52395,3903],{"class":1016},[56,52397,52398],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52399,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,52401,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52403,7529],{"class":62},[56,52405,38897],{"class":72},[56,52407,77],{"class":76},[56,52409,18156],{"class":95},[56,52411,4202],{"class":76},[56,52413,51789],{"class":827},[56,52415,2272],{"class":80},[56,52417,1390],{"class":76},[56,52419,52420,52422,52424,52426,52429,52431],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,52421,90],{"class":72},[56,52423,77],{"class":76},[56,52425,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52427,52428],{"class":1020},"Password length is valid",[56,52430,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52432,99],{"class":76},[56,52434,52435,52437],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,52436,27964],{"class":62},[56,52438,1390],{"class":76},[56,52440,52441,52443,52445,52447,52450,52452],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,52442,90],{"class":72},[56,52444,77],{"class":76},[56,52446,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52448,52449],{"class":1020},"Password is too short",[56,52451,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52453,99],{"class":76},[353,52455,52457],{"id":52456},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[47,52459,52461],{"className":49,"code":52460,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52462,52463,52499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52464,52465,52468,52470,52472,52474,52477,52479,52481,52483,52486,52488,52490,52492,52495,52497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52466,52467],{"class":65},"results ",[56,52469,1217],{"class":827},[56,52471,1220],{"class":76},[56,52473,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52475,52476],{"class":1020},"item1",[56,52478,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52480,306],{"class":76},[56,52482,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52484,52485],{"class":1020},"item2",[56,52487,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52489,306],{"class":76},[56,52491,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52493,52494],{"class":1020},"item3",[56,52496,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52498,427],{"class":76},[56,52500,52501,52503,52505,52507,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52521],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52502,373],{"class":72},[56,52504,77],{"class":76},[56,52506,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52508,52509],{"class":1020},"Items found:",[56,52511,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52513,306],{"class":76},[56,52515,38897],{"class":72},[56,52517,77],{"class":76},[56,52519,52520],{"class":95},"results",[56,52522,1635],{"class":76},[20,52524,52525],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[42,52527,52529],{"id":52528},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52531,52532,52534],{},[15,52533,1331],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52536,52537,52538,1045],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52539,3547],{},[173,52541,52542,52545,52548],{},[176,52543,52544],{},"plain integers",[176,52546,52547],{},"floats",[176,52549,52550],{},[15,52551,4319],{},[20,52553,986],{},[47,52555,52557],{"className":49,"code":52556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52558,52559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52560,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52562,373],{"class":72},[56,52564,77],{"class":76},[56,52566,1266],{"class":72},[56,52568,77],{"class":76},[56,52570,81],{"class":80},[56,52572,1635],{"class":76},[20,52574,52575,52576,52578],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52577,81],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52580,52581],{},"Another example:",[47,52583,52585],{"className":49,"code":52584,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52586,52587],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52588,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52590,373],{"class":72},[56,52592,77],{"class":76},[56,52594,1266],{"class":72},[56,52596,77],{"class":76},[56,52598,40654],{"class":80},[56,52600,1635],{"class":76},[20,52602,52603,52604,1045],{},"And with ",[15,52605,4319],{},[47,52607,52609],{"className":49,"code":52608,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52610,52611,52619],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52612,52613,52615,52617],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52614,2992],{"class":65},[56,52616,1217],{"class":827},[56,52618,49031],{"class":4393},[56,52620,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52622,373],{"class":72},[56,52624,77],{"class":76},[56,52626,1266],{"class":72},[56,52628,77],{"class":76},[56,52630,3017],{"class":95},[56,52632,1635],{"class":76},[20,52634,52635,52636,156],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[264,52637,52639],{"href":52638},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[42,52641,52643],{"id":52642},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52645,52646,52647,52649],{},"Before using ",[15,52648,1331],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52651,52652],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[47,52654,52656],{"className":49,"code":52655,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52657,52658,52666,52670,52680,52694,52712,52730],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52659,52660,52662,52664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52661,2992],{"class":65},[56,52663,1217],{"class":827},[56,52665,49031],{"class":4393},[56,52667,52668],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52669,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,52671,52672,52674,52676,52678],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52673,373],{"class":72},[56,52675,77],{"class":76},[56,52677,3017],{"class":95},[56,52679,99],{"class":76},[56,52681,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690,52692],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,52683,373],{"class":72},[56,52685,77],{"class":76},[56,52687,2312],{"class":378},[56,52689,77],{"class":76},[56,52691,3017],{"class":95},[56,52693,1635],{"class":76},[56,52695,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708,52710],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,52697,373],{"class":72},[56,52699,77],{"class":76},[56,52701,49378],{"class":72},[56,52703,77],{"class":76},[56,52705,3017],{"class":95},[56,52707,306],{"class":76},[56,52709,49407],{"class":378},[56,52711,1635],{"class":76},[56,52713,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,52715,373],{"class":72},[56,52717,77],{"class":76},[56,52719,49378],{"class":72},[56,52721,77],{"class":76},[56,52723,3017],{"class":95},[56,52725,306],{"class":76},[56,52727,23096],{"class":378},[56,52729,1635],{"class":76},[56,52731,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,52733,373],{"class":72},[56,52735,77],{"class":76},[56,52737,49378],{"class":72},[56,52739,77],{"class":76},[56,52741,3017],{"class":95},[56,52743,306],{"class":76},[56,52745,9702],{"class":378},[56,52747,1635],{"class":76},[20,52749,52750],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52752,52753],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[47,52755,52757],{"className":49,"code":52756,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52758,52759,52771,52775,52789],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52760,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52762,2992],{"class":65},[56,52764,1217],{"class":827},[56,52766,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52768,4386],{"class":1020},[56,52770,3903],{"class":1016},[56,52772,52773],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52774,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,52776,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52778,7529],{"class":62},[56,52780,22120],{"class":65},[56,52782,1176],{"class":827},[56,52784,8631],{"class":827},[56,52786,4394],{"class":4393},[56,52788,1390],{"class":76},[56,52790,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,52792,90],{"class":72},[56,52794,77],{"class":76},[56,52796,1266],{"class":72},[56,52798,77],{"class":76},[56,52800,3017],{"class":95},[56,52802,1635],{"class":76},[20,52804,52805,52806,156],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[264,52807,8972],{"href":2844},[42,52809,3374],{"id":3373},[20,52811,23631,52812,1045],{},[15,52813,1331],{},[173,52815,52816,52824,52832,52840,52846],{},[176,52817,958,52818,52820,52821],{},[15,52819,1331],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52822,52823],{},"len(5)",[176,52825,958,52826,52828,52829],{},[15,52827,1331],{}," on a float like ",[15,52830,52831],{},"len(3.14)",[176,52833,958,52834,52836,52837,52839],{},[15,52835,1331],{}," on ",[15,52838,4319],{}," after a function returns nothing",[176,52841,1796,52842,52845],{},[15,52843,52844],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[176,52847,52848],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52850,52851],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[47,52853,52855],{"className":49,"code":52854,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52856,52857,52893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52858,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885,52887,52889,52891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52860,13738],{"class":65},[56,52862,1217],{"class":827},[56,52864,11023],{"class":76},[56,52866,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52868,8201],{"class":1020},[56,52870,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52872,1045],{"class":76},[56,52874,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52876,13414],{"class":1020},[56,52878,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52880,306],{"class":76},[56,52882,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52884,9831],{"class":1020},[56,52886,1017],{"class":1016},[56,52888,1045],{"class":76},[56,52890,8323],{"class":80},[56,52892,9841],{"class":76},[56,52894,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52896,373],{"class":72},[56,52898,77],{"class":76},[56,52900,1266],{"class":72},[56,52902,77],{"class":76},[56,52904,17842],{"class":95},[56,52906,5901],{"class":76},[56,52908,51916],{"class":112},[20,52910,38107,52911,52913,52914,4935,52916,156],{},[15,52912,463],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52915,15774],{},[15,52917,52918],{},"\"age\"",[20,52920,52921],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[47,52923,52925],{"className":49,"code":52924,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52926,52927,52940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52928,52929,52931,52933,52935,52938],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52930,35217],{"class":65},[56,52932,1217],{"class":827},[56,52934,1231],{"class":1016},[56,52936,52937],{"class":1020},"a b",[56,52939,3903],{"class":1016},[56,52941,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,52943,373],{"class":72},[56,52945,77],{"class":76},[56,52947,1266],{"class":72},[56,52949,77],{"class":76},[56,52951,35238],{"class":95},[56,52953,5901],{"class":76},[56,52955,51271],{"class":112},[20,52957,52958],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[42,52960,2343],{"id":2342},[353,52962,52964],{"id":52963},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52966,52967],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[353,52969,52971],{"id":52970},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52973,52974],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[353,52976,52978],{"id":52977},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52980,52981],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[353,52983,52985],{"id":52984},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52987,52988,52989,52991,52992,3422,52994,52996,52997,156],{},"No. Using ",[15,52990,1331],{}," on an ",[15,52993,2734],{},[15,52995,2738],{}," raises a ",[15,52998,3547],{},[353,53000,53002],{"id":53001},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,53004,8296,53005,156],{},[15,53006,53007],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,53009,986],{},[47,53011,53013],{"className":49,"code":53012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,53014,53015,53023,53027,53045],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53016,53017,53019,53021],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53018,8839],{"class":65},[56,53020,1217],{"class":827},[56,53022,8371],{"class":76},[56,53024,53025],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53026,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53028,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53030,7529],{"class":62},[56,53032,38897],{"class":72},[56,53034,77],{"class":76},[56,53036,8870],{"class":95},[56,53038,4202],{"class":76},[56,53040,6941],{"class":827},[56,53042,822],{"class":80},[56,53044,1390],{"class":76},[56,53046,53047,53049,53051,53053,53056,53058],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53048,90],{"class":72},[56,53050,77],{"class":76},[56,53052,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53054,53055],{"class":1020},"Empty list",[56,53057,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53059,99],{"class":76},[20,53061,53062,53063,53065,53066,53068,53069,53071],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,53064,4215],{}," in an ",[15,53067,7529],{}," statement, but ",[15,53070,1331],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[42,53073,2417],{"id":2416},[173,53075,53076,53080,53084,53088,53093,53097,53103],{},[176,53077,53078],{},[264,53079,51477],{"href":51476},[176,53081,53082],{},[264,53083,51481],{"href":51480},[176,53085,53086],{},[264,53087,9687],{"href":9686},[176,53089,53090],{},[264,53091,53092],{"href":52047},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[176,53094,53095],{},[264,53096,8972],{"href":2844},[176,53098,53099],{},[264,53100,53102],{"href":53101},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[176,53104,53105],{},[264,53106,53107],{"href":52638},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2451,53109,53110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":53112},[53113,53114,53115,53116,53117,53118,53119,53125,53126,53127,53128,53135],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":51279,"depth":87,"text":51280},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":51624,"depth":87,"text":51625},{"id":51811,"depth":87,"text":51812},{"id":52051,"depth":87,"text":52052},{"id":41555,"depth":87,"text":41556,"children":53120},[53121,53122,53123,53124],{"id":52270,"depth":102,"text":52271},{"id":52324,"depth":102,"text":52325},{"id":52375,"depth":102,"text":52376},{"id":52456,"depth":102,"text":52457},{"id":52528,"depth":87,"text":52529},{"id":52642,"depth":87,"text":52643},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":53129},[53130,53131,53132,53133,53134],{"id":52963,"depth":102,"text":52964},{"id":52970,"depth":102,"text":52971},{"id":52977,"depth":102,"text":52978},{"id":52984,"depth":102,"text":52985},{"id":53001,"depth":102,"text":53002},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51162,"description":53136},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53143,"title":53144,"body":53145,"description":54827,"extension":2509,"meta":54828,"navigation":105,"path":54829,"seo":54830,"stem":54831,"__hash__":54832},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53146,"toc":54800},[53147,53150,53164,53170,53172,53226,53231,53235,53251,53254,53268,53274,53276,53279,53298,53314,53316,53392,53394,53431,53442,53444,53447,53508,53510,53543,53546,53552,53556,53559,53684,53686,53745,53753,53806,53808,53835,53841,53851,53855,53858,53863,53915,53917,53943,53949,54003,54005,54029,54032,54056,54062,54064,54068,54070,54127,54129,54137,54139,54161,54163,54216,54218,54242,54246,54248,54287,54289,54297,54303,54307,54359,54361,54387,54395,54399,54404,54413,54415,54481,54483,54515,54519,54524,54526,54540,54543,54615,54617,54642,54644,54648,54655,54659,54666,54670,54673,54675,54728,54730,54756,54760,54769,54771,54797],[10,53148,53144],{"id":53149},"python-list-append-method",[20,53151,2526,53152,53155,53156,53159,53160,53163],{},[15,53153,53154],{},"append()"," method adds ",[37,53157,53158],{},"one item"," to the ",[37,53161,53162],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53165,53166,53167,53169],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[37,53168,5170],{}," create a new list.",[42,53171,4151],{"id":4150},[47,53173,53175],{"className":49,"code":53174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53176,53177,53197,53211,53221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53178,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53180,1594],{"class":65},[56,53182,1217],{"class":827},[56,53184,1220],{"class":76},[56,53186,529],{"class":80},[56,53188,306],{"class":76},[56,53190,414],{"class":80},[56,53192,306],{"class":76},[56,53194,419],{"class":80},[56,53196,427],{"class":76},[56,53198,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53200,1618],{"class":65},[56,53202,156],{"class":76},[56,53204,14087],{"class":95},[56,53206,77],{"class":76},[56,53208,1603],{"class":80},[56,53210,99],{"class":76},[56,53212,53213,53215,53217,53219],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53214,373],{"class":72},[56,53216,77],{"class":76},[56,53218,1618],{"class":95},[56,53220,99],{"class":76},[56,53222,53223],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53224,53225],{"class":112},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53227,2638,53228,53230],{},[15,53229,53154],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[42,53232,53234],{"id":53233},"what-append-does","What append() does",[173,53236,53237,53242,53245,53248],{},[176,53238,53239,53241],{},[15,53240,53154],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[176,53243,53244],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[176,53246,53247],{},"It does not create a new list",[176,53249,53250],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53252,53253],{},"This means you can append:",[173,53255,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266],{},[176,53257,1618],{},[176,53259,5848],{},[176,53261,41105],{},[176,53263,5839],{},[176,53265,7783],{},[176,53267,35191],{},[20,53269,53270,53271,156],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[264,53272,53273],{"href":51480},"Python lists explained for beginners",[42,53275,5971],{"id":5970},[20,53277,53278],{},"Basic form:",[47,53280,53282],{"className":49,"code":53281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53283,53284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53285,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53287,8870],{"class":65},[56,53289,156],{"class":76},[56,53291,14087],{"class":95},[56,53293,77],{"class":76},[56,53295,1399],{"class":95},[56,53297,99],{"class":76},[173,53299,53300,53305,53310],{},[176,53301,53302,53304],{},[15,53303,8870],{}," is the list you want to change",[176,53306,53307,53309],{},[15,53308,1399],{}," is the value or object to add",[176,53311,12445,53312],{},[15,53313,4319],{},[20,53315,986],{},[47,53317,53319],{"className":49,"code":53318,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53320,53321,53345,53368,53372,53382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53322,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53324,36756],{"class":65},[56,53326,1217],{"class":827},[56,53328,1220],{"class":76},[56,53330,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53332,4619],{"class":1020},[56,53334,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53336,306],{"class":76},[56,53338,1231],{"class":1016},[56,53340,4628],{"class":1020},[56,53342,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53344,427],{"class":76},[56,53346,53347,53349,53351,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53348,2775],{"class":65},[56,53350,1217],{"class":827},[56,53352,53353],{"class":65}," fruits",[56,53355,156],{"class":76},[56,53357,14087],{"class":95},[56,53359,77],{"class":76},[56,53361,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53363,33751],{"class":1020},[56,53365,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53367,99],{"class":76},[56,53369,53370],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53371,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53373,53374,53376,53378,53380],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53375,373],{"class":72},[56,53377,77],{"class":76},[56,53379,36808],{"class":95},[56,53381,99],{"class":76},[56,53383,53384,53386,53388,53390],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,53385,373],{"class":72},[56,53387,77],{"class":76},[56,53389,2809],{"class":95},[56,53391,99],{"class":76},[20,53393,239],{},[47,53395,53397],{"className":49,"code":53396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53398,53399,53427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53400,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53402,402],{"class":76},[56,53404,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53406,4619],{"class":1020},[56,53408,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53410,306],{"class":76},[56,53412,3839],{"class":1016},[56,53414,4628],{"class":1020},[56,53416,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53418,306],{"class":76},[56,53420,3839],{"class":1016},[56,53422,33751],{"class":1020},[56,53424,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53426,427],{"class":76},[56,53428,53429],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53430,12342],{"class":4393},[20,53432,53433,53434,53436,53437,53439,53440,156],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53435,53154],{}," updates ",[15,53438,36808],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53441,4319],{},[42,53443,12008],{"id":12007},[20,53445,53446],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[47,53448,53450],{"className":49,"code":53449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53451,53452,53476,53494,53498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53453,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53455,13609],{"class":65},[56,53457,1217],{"class":827},[56,53459,1220],{"class":76},[56,53461,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53463,13626],{"class":1020},[56,53465,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53467,306],{"class":76},[56,53469,1231],{"class":1016},[56,53471,13643],{"class":1020},[56,53473,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53475,427],{"class":76},[56,53477,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490,53492],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53479,18037],{"class":65},[56,53481,156],{"class":76},[56,53483,14087],{"class":95},[56,53485,77],{"class":76},[56,53487,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53489,17990],{"class":1020},[56,53491,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53493,99],{"class":76},[56,53495,53496],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53497,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53499,53500,53502,53504,53506],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53501,373],{"class":72},[56,53503,77],{"class":76},[56,53505,18037],{"class":95},[56,53507,99],{"class":76},[20,53509,239],{},[47,53511,53513],{"className":49,"code":53512,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53514,53515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53516,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53518,402],{"class":76},[56,53520,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53522,13626],{"class":1020},[56,53524,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53526,306],{"class":76},[56,53528,3839],{"class":1016},[56,53530,13643],{"class":1020},[56,53532,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53534,306],{"class":76},[56,53536,3839],{"class":1016},[56,53538,17990],{"class":1020},[56,53540,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53542,427],{"class":76},[20,53544,53545],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53547,31613,53548,156],{},[264,53549,53551],{"href":53550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[42,53553,53555],{"id":53554},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53557,53558],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[47,53560,53562],{"className":49,"code":53561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53563,53564,53572,53576,53590,53608,53622,53648,53670,53674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53565,53566,53568,53570],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53567,1214],{"class":65},[56,53569,1217],{"class":827},[56,53571,8371],{"class":76},[56,53573,53574],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53575,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53577,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53579,1271],{"class":65},[56,53581,156],{"class":76},[56,53583,14087],{"class":95},[56,53585,77],{"class":76},[56,53587,2291],{"class":80},[56,53589,99],{"class":76},[56,53591,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53593,1271],{"class":65},[56,53595,156],{"class":76},[56,53597,14087],{"class":95},[56,53599,77],{"class":76},[56,53601,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53603,4386],{"class":1020},[56,53605,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53607,99],{"class":76},[56,53609,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,53611,1271],{"class":65},[56,53613,156],{"class":76},[56,53615,14087],{"class":95},[56,53617,77],{"class":76},[56,53619,4146],{"class":4393},[56,53621,99],{"class":76},[56,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,53625,1271],{"class":65},[56,53627,156],{"class":76},[56,53629,14087],{"class":95},[56,53631,6068],{"class":76},[56,53633,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53635,8201],{"class":1020},[56,53637,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53639,1045],{"class":76},[56,53641,1231],{"class":1016},[56,53643,8210],{"class":1020},[56,53645,1017],{"class":1016},[56,53647,31026],{"class":76},[56,53649,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,53651,1271],{"class":65},[56,53653,156],{"class":76},[56,53655,14087],{"class":95},[56,53657,3528],{"class":76},[56,53659,529],{"class":80},[56,53661,306],{"class":76},[56,53663,414],{"class":80},[56,53665,306],{"class":76},[56,53667,419],{"class":80},[56,53669,1294],{"class":76},[56,53671,53672],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,53673,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53675,53676,53678,53680,53682],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,53677,373],{"class":72},[56,53679,77],{"class":76},[56,53681,1271],{"class":95},[56,53683,99],{"class":76},[20,53685,239],{},[47,53687,53689],{"className":49,"code":53688,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53690,53691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53692,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725,53727,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53694,402],{"class":76},[56,53696,2291],{"class":80},[56,53698,306],{"class":76},[56,53700,3839],{"class":1016},[56,53702,4386],{"class":1020},[56,53704,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53706,306],{"class":76},[56,53708,4455],{"class":4393},[56,53710,306],{"class":76},[56,53712,11023],{"class":76},[56,53714,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53716,8201],{"class":1020},[56,53718,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53720,1045],{"class":76},[56,53722,3839],{"class":1016},[56,53724,8210],{"class":1020},[56,53726,3844],{"class":1016},[56,53728,53729],{"class":76},"},",[56,53731,1220],{"class":76},[56,53733,529],{"class":80},[56,53735,306],{"class":76},[56,53737,414],{"class":80},[56,53739,306],{"class":76},[56,53741,419],{"class":80},[56,53743,53744],{"class":76},"]]\n",[20,53746,53747,53748,42664,53750,156],{},"A list added with ",[15,53749,53154],{},[37,53751,53752],{},"one single item",[47,53754,53756],{"className":49,"code":53755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53757,53758,53774,53792,53796],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53759,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53761,1594],{"class":65},[56,53763,1217],{"class":827},[56,53765,1220],{"class":76},[56,53767,529],{"class":80},[56,53769,306],{"class":76},[56,53771,414],{"class":80},[56,53773,427],{"class":76},[56,53775,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53777,1618],{"class":65},[56,53779,156],{"class":76},[56,53781,14087],{"class":95},[56,53783,3528],{"class":76},[56,53785,223],{"class":80},[56,53787,306],{"class":76},[56,53789,424],{"class":80},[56,53791,1294],{"class":76},[56,53793,53794],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53795,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53797,53798,53800,53802,53804],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53799,373],{"class":72},[56,53801,77],{"class":76},[56,53803,1618],{"class":95},[56,53805,99],{"class":76},[20,53807,239],{},[47,53809,53811],{"className":49,"code":53810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53812,53813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53814,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53816,402],{"class":76},[56,53818,529],{"class":80},[56,53820,306],{"class":76},[56,53822,414],{"class":80},[56,53824,306],{"class":76},[56,53826,1220],{"class":76},[56,53828,223],{"class":80},[56,53830,306],{"class":76},[56,53832,424],{"class":80},[56,53834,53744],{"class":76},[20,53836,2831,53837,53840],{},[15,53838,53839],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53842,53843,53844,53850],{},"This is different from ",[264,53845,53847],{"href":53846},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53848,53849],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[42,53852,53854],{"id":53853},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53856,53857],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[353,53859,958,53861],{"id":53860},"using-append",[15,53862,53154],{},[47,53864,53865],{"className":49,"code":53755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53866,53867,53883,53901,53905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53868,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53870,1594],{"class":65},[56,53872,1217],{"class":827},[56,53874,1220],{"class":76},[56,53876,529],{"class":80},[56,53878,306],{"class":76},[56,53880,414],{"class":80},[56,53882,427],{"class":76},[56,53884,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53886,1618],{"class":65},[56,53888,156],{"class":76},[56,53890,14087],{"class":95},[56,53892,3528],{"class":76},[56,53894,223],{"class":80},[56,53896,306],{"class":76},[56,53898,424],{"class":80},[56,53900,1294],{"class":76},[56,53902,53903],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53904,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53906,53907,53909,53911,53913],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53908,373],{"class":72},[56,53910,77],{"class":76},[56,53912,1618],{"class":95},[56,53914,99],{"class":76},[20,53916,239],{},[47,53918,53919],{"className":49,"code":53810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53920,53921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53922,53923,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53924,402],{"class":76},[56,53926,529],{"class":80},[56,53928,306],{"class":76},[56,53930,414],{"class":80},[56,53932,306],{"class":76},[56,53934,1220],{"class":76},[56,53936,223],{"class":80},[56,53938,306],{"class":76},[56,53940,424],{"class":80},[56,53942,53744],{"class":76},[353,53944,958,53946],{"id":53945},"using-extend",[15,53947,53948],{},"extend()",[47,53950,53952],{"className":49,"code":53951,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53953,53954,53970,53989,53993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53955,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53957,1594],{"class":65},[56,53959,1217],{"class":827},[56,53961,1220],{"class":76},[56,53963,529],{"class":80},[56,53965,306],{"class":76},[56,53967,414],{"class":80},[56,53969,427],{"class":76},[56,53971,53972,53974,53976,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,53973,1618],{"class":65},[56,53975,156],{"class":76},[56,53977,53978],{"class":95},"extend",[56,53980,3528],{"class":76},[56,53982,223],{"class":80},[56,53984,306],{"class":76},[56,53986,424],{"class":80},[56,53988,1294],{"class":76},[56,53990,53991],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53992,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,53994,53995,53997,53999,54001],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,53996,373],{"class":72},[56,53998,77],{"class":76},[56,54000,1618],{"class":95},[56,54002,99],{"class":76},[20,54004,239],{},[47,54006,54007],{"className":49,"code":1767,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54008,54009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54010,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54012,402],{"class":76},[56,54014,529],{"class":80},[56,54016,306],{"class":76},[56,54018,414],{"class":80},[56,54020,306],{"class":76},[56,54022,419],{"class":80},[56,54024,306],{"class":76},[56,54026,424],{"class":80},[56,54028,427],{"class":76},[20,54030,54031],{},"The difference:",[173,54033,54034,54040,54046,54051],{},[176,54035,54036,54039],{},[15,54037,54038],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[176,54041,54042,54045],{},[15,54043,54044],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[176,54047,2638,54048,54050],{},[15,54049,53154],{}," for one item",[176,54052,2638,54053,54055],{},[15,54054,53948],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,54057,54058,54059,156],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[264,54060,54061],{"href":53846},"Python list extend() method",[42,54063,1690],{"id":1689},[353,54065,54067],{"id":54066},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,54069,26223],{},[47,54071,54073],{"className":49,"code":54072,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54074,54075,54095,54113,54117],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54076,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54078,1214],{"class":65},[56,54080,1217],{"class":827},[56,54082,1220],{"class":76},[56,54084,529],{"class":80},[56,54086,306],{"class":76},[56,54088,414],{"class":80},[56,54090,306],{"class":76},[56,54092,419],{"class":80},[56,54094,427],{"class":76},[56,54096,54097,54099,54101,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54098,1214],{"class":65},[56,54100,1217],{"class":827},[56,54102,1287],{"class":65},[56,54104,156],{"class":76},[56,54106,14087],{"class":95},[56,54108,77],{"class":76},[56,54110,1603],{"class":80},[56,54112,99],{"class":76},[56,54114,54115],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54116,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,54118,54119,54121,54123,54125],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,54120,373],{"class":72},[56,54122,77],{"class":76},[56,54124,1271],{"class":95},[56,54126,99],{"class":76},[20,54128,239],{},[47,54130,54131],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54132,54133],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54134,54135],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54136,12342],{"class":4393},[20,54138,12434],{},[173,54140,54141,54146,54152],{},[176,54142,54143,54145],{},[15,54144,53154],{}," changes the list in place",[176,54147,54148,2942,54150],{},[15,54149,53154],{},[15,54151,4319],{},[176,54153,54154,54155,54158,54159],{},"So ",[15,54156,54157],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54160,4319],{},[20,54162,1937],{},[47,54164,54166],{"className":49,"code":54165,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54167,54168,54188,54202,54206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54169,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54171,1214],{"class":65},[56,54173,1217],{"class":827},[56,54175,1220],{"class":76},[56,54177,529],{"class":80},[56,54179,306],{"class":76},[56,54181,414],{"class":80},[56,54183,306],{"class":76},[56,54185,419],{"class":80},[56,54187,427],{"class":76},[56,54189,54190,54192,54194,54196,54198,54200],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54191,1271],{"class":65},[56,54193,156],{"class":76},[56,54195,14087],{"class":95},[56,54197,77],{"class":76},[56,54199,1603],{"class":80},[56,54201,99],{"class":76},[56,54203,54204],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54205,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,54207,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,54209,373],{"class":72},[56,54211,77],{"class":76},[56,54213,1271],{"class":95},[56,54215,99],{"class":76},[20,54217,239],{},[47,54219,54220],{"className":49,"code":1767,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54221,54222],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54223,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54225,402],{"class":76},[56,54227,529],{"class":80},[56,54229,306],{"class":76},[56,54231,414],{"class":80},[56,54233,306],{"class":76},[56,54235,419],{"class":80},[56,54237,306],{"class":76},[56,54239,424],{"class":80},[56,54241,427],{"class":76},[353,54243,54245],{"id":54244},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54247,19449],{},[47,54249,54251],{"className":49,"code":54250,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54252,54253,54277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54254,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54256,32413],{"class":65},[56,54258,1217],{"class":827},[56,54260,1220],{"class":76},[56,54262,529],{"class":80},[56,54264,306],{"class":76},[56,54266,414],{"class":80},[56,54268,14084],{"class":76},[56,54270,14087],{"class":95},[56,54272,77],{"class":76},[56,54274,223],{"class":80},[56,54276,99],{"class":76},[56,54278,54279,54281,54283,54285],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54280,373],{"class":72},[56,54282,77],{"class":76},[56,54284,32432],{"class":95},[56,54286,99],{"class":76},[20,54288,239],{},[47,54290,54291],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54292,54293],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54294,54295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54296,12342],{"class":4393},[20,54298,54299,54300,54302],{},"Remember: ",[15,54301,53154],{}," updates the list you already have.",[353,54304,54306],{"id":54305},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[47,54308,54309],{"className":49,"code":53755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54310,54311,54327,54345,54349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54312,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54314,1594],{"class":65},[56,54316,1217],{"class":827},[56,54318,1220],{"class":76},[56,54320,529],{"class":80},[56,54322,306],{"class":76},[56,54324,414],{"class":80},[56,54326,427],{"class":76},[56,54328,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54330,1618],{"class":65},[56,54332,156],{"class":76},[56,54334,14087],{"class":95},[56,54336,3528],{"class":76},[56,54338,223],{"class":80},[56,54340,306],{"class":76},[56,54342,424],{"class":80},[56,54344,1294],{"class":76},[56,54346,54347],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54348,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,54350,54351,54353,54355,54357],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,54352,373],{"class":72},[56,54354,77],{"class":76},[56,54356,1618],{"class":95},[56,54358,99],{"class":76},[20,54360,239],{},[47,54362,54363],{"className":49,"code":53810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54364,54365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54366,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383,54385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54368,402],{"class":76},[56,54370,529],{"class":80},[56,54372,306],{"class":76},[56,54374,414],{"class":80},[56,54376,306],{"class":76},[56,54378,1220],{"class":76},[56,54380,223],{"class":80},[56,54382,306],{"class":76},[56,54384,424],{"class":80},[56,54386,53744],{"class":76},[20,54388,3712,54389,54392,54393,7162],{},[15,54390,54391],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54394,53948],{},[353,54396,54398],{"id":54397},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54400,54401,54403],{},[15,54402,53154],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54405,54406,54407,156],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[264,54408,54410],{"href":54409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54411,54412],{},"list.insert()",[20,54414,986],{},[47,54416,54418],{"className":49,"code":54417,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54419,54420,54444,54467,54471],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54421,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434,54436,54438,54440,54442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54423,36614],{"class":65},[56,54425,1217],{"class":827},[56,54427,1220],{"class":76},[56,54429,1017],{"class":1016},[56,54431,264],{"class":1020},[56,54433,1017],{"class":1016},[56,54435,306],{"class":76},[56,54437,1231],{"class":1016},[56,54439,1243],{"class":1020},[56,54441,1017],{"class":1016},[56,54443,427],{"class":76},[56,54445,54446,54448,54450,54453,54455,54457,54459,54461,54463,54465],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54447,36666],{"class":65},[56,54449,156],{"class":76},[56,54451,54452],{"class":95},"insert",[56,54454,77],{"class":76},[56,54456,529],{"class":80},[56,54458,306],{"class":76},[56,54460,1231],{"class":1016},[56,54462,1234],{"class":1020},[56,54464,1017],{"class":1016},[56,54466,99],{"class":76},[56,54468,54469],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54470,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,54472,54473,54475,54477,54479],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,54474,373],{"class":72},[56,54476,77],{"class":76},[56,54478,36666],{"class":95},[56,54480,99],{"class":76},[20,54482,239],{},[47,54484,54485],{"className":49,"code":43382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54486,54487],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54488,54489,54491,54493,54495,54497,54499,54501,54503,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54490,402],{"class":76},[56,54492,3844],{"class":1016},[56,54494,264],{"class":1020},[56,54496,3844],{"class":1016},[56,54498,306],{"class":76},[56,54500,3839],{"class":1016},[56,54502,1234],{"class":1020},[56,54504,3844],{"class":1016},[56,54506,306],{"class":76},[56,54508,3839],{"class":1016},[56,54510,1243],{"class":1020},[56,54512,3844],{"class":1016},[56,54514,427],{"class":76},[42,54516,54518],{"id":54517},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54520,54521,54523],{},[15,54522,53154],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54525,36943],{},[173,54527,54528,54531,54534,54537],{},[176,54529,54530],{},"building a list in a loop",[176,54532,54533],{},"collecting user input",[176,54535,54536],{},"storing results step by step",[176,54538,54539],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54541,54542],{},"Example with a loop:",[47,54544,54546],{"className":49,"code":54545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54547,54548,54557,54561,54581,54600,54604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54549,54550,54553,54555],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54551,54552],{"class":65},"squares ",[56,54554,1217],{"class":827},[56,54556,8371],{"class":76},[56,54558,54559],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54560,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,54562,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54564,31],{"class":62},[56,54566,214],{"class":65},[56,54568,69],{"class":62},[56,54570,73],{"class":72},[56,54572,77],{"class":76},[56,54574,529],{"class":80},[56,54576,306],{"class":76},[56,54578,496],{"class":80},[56,54580,84],{"class":76},[56,54582,54583,54586,54588,54590,54592,54594,54596,54598],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,54584,54585],{"class":65},"    squares",[56,54587,156],{"class":76},[56,54589,14087],{"class":95},[56,54591,77],{"class":76},[56,54593,2763],{"class":95},[56,54595,40383],{"class":827},[56,54597,2743],{"class":95},[56,54599,99],{"class":76},[56,54601,54602],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,54603,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,54605,54606,54608,54610,54613],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,54607,373],{"class":72},[56,54609,77],{"class":76},[56,54611,54612],{"class":95},"squares",[56,54614,99],{"class":76},[20,54616,239],{},[47,54618,54620],{"className":49,"code":54619,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54621,54622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54623,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54625,402],{"class":76},[56,54627,529],{"class":80},[56,54629,306],{"class":76},[56,54631,424],{"class":80},[56,54633,306],{"class":76},[56,54635,571],{"class":80},[56,54637,306],{"class":76},[56,54639,14522],{"class":80},[56,54641,427],{"class":76},[42,54643,2343],{"id":2342},[353,54645,54647],{"id":54646},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54649,46871,54650,54652,54653,156],{},[15,54651,53154],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54654,4319],{},[353,54656,54658],{"id":54657},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54660,54661,54662,156],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[264,54663,54664],{"href":53846},[15,54665,53948],{},[353,54667,54669],{"id":54668},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54671,54672],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54674,986],{},[47,54676,54678],{"className":49,"code":54677,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54679,54680,54696,54714,54718],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54681,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690,54692,54694],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54683,9697],{"class":65},[56,54685,1217],{"class":827},[56,54687,1220],{"class":76},[56,54689,529],{"class":80},[56,54691,306],{"class":76},[56,54693,414],{"class":80},[56,54695,427],{"class":76},[56,54697,54698,54700,54702,54704,54706,54708,54710,54712],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54699,9736],{"class":65},[56,54701,156],{"class":76},[56,54703,14087],{"class":95},[56,54705,3528],{"class":76},[56,54707,223],{"class":80},[56,54709,306],{"class":76},[56,54711,424],{"class":80},[56,54713,1294],{"class":76},[56,54715,54716],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54717,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,54719,54720,54722,54724,54726],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,54721,373],{"class":72},[56,54723,77],{"class":76},[56,54725,9736],{"class":95},[56,54727,99],{"class":76},[20,54729,239],{},[47,54731,54732],{"className":49,"code":53810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54733,54734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748,54750,54752,54754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54737,402],{"class":76},[56,54739,529],{"class":80},[56,54741,306],{"class":76},[56,54743,414],{"class":80},[56,54745,306],{"class":76},[56,54747,1220],{"class":76},[56,54749,223],{"class":80},[56,54751,306],{"class":76},[56,54753,424],{"class":80},[56,54755,53744],{"class":76},[353,54757,54759],{"id":54758},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54761,54762,54764,54765,54768],{},[15,54763,53154],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54766,54767],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[42,54770,2417],{"id":2416},[173,54772,54773,54778,54782,54787,54791],{},[176,54774,54775],{},[264,54776,54777],{"href":53550},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[176,54779,54780],{},[264,54781,54061],{"href":53846},[176,54783,54784],{},[264,54785,54786],{"href":54409},"Python list insert() method",[176,54788,54789],{},[264,54790,53273],{"href":51480},[176,54792,54793],{},[264,54794,54796],{"href":54795},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2451,54798,54799],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":54801},[54802,54803,54804,54805,54806,54807,54813,54819,54820,54826],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":53233,"depth":87,"text":53234},{"id":5970,"depth":87,"text":5971},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":53554,"depth":87,"text":53555},{"id":53853,"depth":87,"text":53854,"children":54808},[54809,54811],{"id":53860,"depth":102,"text":54810},"Using append()",{"id":53945,"depth":102,"text":54812},"Using extend()",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":54814},[54815,54816,54817,54818],{"id":54066,"depth":102,"text":54067},{"id":54244,"depth":102,"text":54245},{"id":54305,"depth":102,"text":54306},{"id":54397,"depth":102,"text":54398},{"id":54517,"depth":87,"text":54518},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":54821},[54822,54823,54824,54825],{"id":54646,"depth":102,"text":54647},{"id":54657,"depth":102,"text":54658},{"id":54668,"depth":102,"text":54669},{"id":54758,"depth":102,"text":54759},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53144,"description":54827},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54834,"title":54835,"body":54836,"description":56080,"extension":2509,"meta":56081,"navigation":105,"path":56082,"seo":56083,"stem":56084,"__hash__":56085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54837,"toc":56045},[54838,54844,54850,54856,54858,54906,54911,54916,54920,54936,54942,54944,54947,54962,54964,54975,54977,54979,55036,55038,55046,55048,55064,55070,55072,55078,55082,55166,55169,55218,55225,55233,55236,55250,55263,55269,55344,55351,55358,55432,55440,55443,55454,55463,55467,55471,55482,55484,55561,55582,55584,55594,55597,55645,55647,55668,55671,55673,55724,55730,55737,55804,55810,55816,55819,55846,55851,55857,55860,55932,55935,55946,55952,55954,55960,55963,55969,55975,55982,55990,55996,56002,56004,56042],[10,54839,54841,54842,11854],{"id":54840},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54843,11853],{},[20,54845,54846,54849],{},[15,54847,54848],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54851,54852,54853,54855],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[37,54854,11866],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[42,54857,4151],{"id":4150},[47,54859,54861],{"className":49,"code":54860,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54862,54863,54883,54893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54864,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875,54877,54879,54881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54866,1214],{"class":65},[56,54868,1217],{"class":827},[56,54870,1220],{"class":76},[56,54872,529],{"class":80},[56,54874,306],{"class":76},[56,54876,414],{"class":80},[56,54878,306],{"class":76},[56,54880,419],{"class":80},[56,54882,427],{"class":76},[56,54884,54885,54887,54889,54891],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,54886,1271],{"class":65},[56,54888,156],{"class":76},[56,54890,11915],{"class":95},[56,54892,9174],{"class":76},[56,54894,54895,54897,54899,54901,54903],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54896,373],{"class":72},[56,54898,77],{"class":76},[56,54900,1271],{"class":95},[56,54902,4202],{"class":76},[56,54904,54905],{"class":112},"  # []\n",[20,54907,2638,54908,54910],{},[15,54909,11853],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[42,54912,160,54914,163],{"id":54913},"what-listclear-does",[15,54915,54848],{},[20,54917,54918,1045],{},[15,54919,54848],{},[173,54921,54922,54925,54928,54933],{},[176,54923,54924],{},"Removes every item from a list",[176,54926,54927],{},"Changes the original list in place",[176,54929,54930,54931],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54932,4328],{},[176,54934,54935],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54937,54938,54939,54941],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54940,11853],{},", but it contains no values.",[42,54943,2702],{"id":2701},[20,54945,54946],{},"Syntax:",[47,54948,54950],{"className":49,"code":54949,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54951,54952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54953,54954,54956,54958,54960],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54955,8870],{"class":65},[56,54957,156],{"class":76},[56,54959,11915],{"class":95},[56,54961,9174],{"class":76},[20,54963,11991],{},[173,54965,54966,54969,54972],{},[176,54967,54968],{},"Call it on a list object",[176,54970,54971],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[176,54973,54974],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[42,54976,12008],{"id":12007},[20,54978,12011],{},[47,54980,54982],{"className":49,"code":54981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54983,54984,55008,55012,55022,55026],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54985,54986,54988,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004,55006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54987,1594],{"class":65},[56,54989,1217],{"class":827},[56,54991,1220],{"class":76},[56,54993,2291],{"class":80},[56,54995,306],{"class":76},[56,54997,8323],{"class":80},[56,54999,306],{"class":76},[56,55001,8328],{"class":80},[56,55003,306],{"class":76},[56,55005,51344],{"class":80},[56,55007,427],{"class":76},[56,55009,55010],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55011,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55013,55014,55016,55018,55020],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55015,1618],{"class":65},[56,55017,156],{"class":76},[56,55019,11915],{"class":95},[56,55021,9174],{"class":76},[56,55023,55024],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55025,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55027,55028,55030,55032,55034],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,55029,373],{"class":72},[56,55031,77],{"class":76},[56,55033,1618],{"class":95},[56,55035,99],{"class":76},[20,55037,239],{},[47,55039,55040],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,55041,55042],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55043,55044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55045,907],{"class":76},[20,55047,12217],{},[173,55049,55050,55055,55061],{},[176,55051,55052,55054],{},[15,55053,1618],{}," starts with four items",[176,55056,55057,55060],{},[15,55058,55059],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[176,55062,55063],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,55065,55066,55067,156],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[264,55068,53273],{"href":55069},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[42,55071,17954],{"id":17953},[20,55073,55074,2942,55076,156],{},[15,55075,11853],{},[15,55077,4319],{},[20,55079,41416,55080,53169],{},[37,55081,5170],{},[47,55083,55085],{"className":49,"code":55084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55086,55087,55119,55123,55137,55141,55154],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55088,55089,55091,55093,55095,55097,55099,55101,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55090,1214],{"class":65},[56,55092,1217],{"class":827},[56,55094,1220],{"class":76},[56,55096,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55098,264],{"class":1020},[56,55100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55102,306],{"class":76},[56,55104,1231],{"class":1016},[56,55106,1234],{"class":1020},[56,55108,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55110,306],{"class":76},[56,55112,1231],{"class":1016},[56,55114,1243],{"class":1020},[56,55116,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55118,427],{"class":76},[56,55120,55121],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55122,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55124,55125,55127,55129,55131,55133,55135],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55126,2775],{"class":65},[56,55128,1217],{"class":827},[56,55130,1287],{"class":65},[56,55132,156],{"class":76},[56,55134,11915],{"class":95},[56,55136,9174],{"class":76},[56,55138,55139],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55140,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55142,55143,55145,55147,55149,55151],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,55144,373],{"class":72},[56,55146,77],{"class":76},[56,55148,1271],{"class":95},[56,55150,4202],{"class":76},[56,55152,55153],{"class":112},"   # []\n",[56,55155,55156,55158,55160,55162,55164],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,55157,373],{"class":72},[56,55159,77],{"class":76},[56,55161,2809],{"class":95},[56,55163,4202],{"class":76},[56,55165,21411],{"class":112},[20,55167,55168],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[47,55170,55172],{"className":49,"code":55171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55173,55174,55194,55208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55175,55176,55178,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188,55190,55192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55177,1214],{"class":65},[56,55179,1217],{"class":827},[56,55181,1220],{"class":76},[56,55183,529],{"class":80},[56,55185,306],{"class":76},[56,55187,414],{"class":80},[56,55189,306],{"class":76},[56,55191,419],{"class":80},[56,55193,427],{"class":76},[56,55195,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204,55206],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55197,1214],{"class":65},[56,55199,1217],{"class":827},[56,55201,1287],{"class":65},[56,55203,156],{"class":76},[56,55205,11915],{"class":95},[56,55207,9174],{"class":76},[56,55209,55210,55212,55214,55216],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55211,373],{"class":72},[56,55213,77],{"class":76},[56,55215,1271],{"class":95},[56,55217,99],{"class":76},[20,55219,12450,55220,42664,55222,55224],{},[15,55221,1271],{},[15,55223,4319],{},", not an empty list.",[42,55226,55228,55230,55231],{"id":55227},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55229,11853],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55232,4328],{},[20,55234,55235],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[47,55237,55238],{"className":49,"code":54949,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,55239,55240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55241,55242,55244,55246,55248],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55243,8870],{"class":65},[56,55245,156],{"class":76},[56,55247,11915],{"class":95},[56,55249,9174],{"class":76},[47,55251,55253],{"className":49,"code":55252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n",[15,55254,55255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55256,55257,55259,55261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55258,8839],{"class":65},[56,55260,1217],{"class":827},[56,55262,8371],{"class":76},[353,55264,55266,55268],{"id":55265},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55267,11853],{}," empties the same list object",[47,55270,55272],{"className":49,"code":55271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55273,55274,55294,55302,55306,55316,55320,55332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55275,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290,55292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55277,3098],{"class":65},[56,55279,1217],{"class":827},[56,55281,1220],{"class":76},[56,55283,529],{"class":80},[56,55285,306],{"class":76},[56,55287,414],{"class":80},[56,55289,306],{"class":76},[56,55291,419],{"class":80},[56,55293,427],{"class":76},[56,55295,55296,55298,55300],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55297,3125],{"class":65},[56,55299,1217],{"class":827},[56,55301,1308],{"class":65},[56,55303,55304],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55305,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55307,55308,55310,55312,55314],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55309,264],{"class":65},[56,55311,156],{"class":76},[56,55313,11915],{"class":95},[56,55315,9174],{"class":76},[56,55317,55318],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,55319,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55321,55322,55324,55326,55328,55330],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,55323,373],{"class":72},[56,55325,77],{"class":76},[56,55327,264],{"class":95},[56,55329,4202],{"class":76},[56,55331,54905],{"class":112},[56,55333,55334,55336,55338,55340,55342],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,55335,373],{"class":72},[56,55337,77],{"class":76},[56,55339,1234],{"class":95},[56,55341,4202],{"class":76},[56,55343,54905],{"class":112},[20,55345,11122,55346,4935,55348,55350],{},[15,55347,264],{},[15,55349,1234],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[353,55352,55354,55357],{"id":55353},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55355,55356],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[47,55359,55361],{"className":49,"code":55360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55362,55363,55383,55391,55395,55403,55407,55419],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55364,55365,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379,55381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55366,3098],{"class":65},[56,55368,1217],{"class":827},[56,55370,1220],{"class":76},[56,55372,529],{"class":80},[56,55374,306],{"class":76},[56,55376,414],{"class":80},[56,55378,306],{"class":76},[56,55380,419],{"class":80},[56,55382,427],{"class":76},[56,55384,55385,55387,55389],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55386,3125],{"class":65},[56,55388,1217],{"class":827},[56,55390,1308],{"class":65},[56,55392,55393],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55394,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55396,55397,55399,55401],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55398,3098],{"class":65},[56,55400,1217],{"class":827},[56,55402,8371],{"class":76},[56,55404,55405],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,55406,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55408,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,55410,373],{"class":72},[56,55412,77],{"class":76},[56,55414,264],{"class":95},[56,55416,4202],{"class":76},[56,55418,54905],{"class":112},[56,55420,55421,55423,55425,55427,55429],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,55422,373],{"class":72},[56,55424,77],{"class":76},[56,55426,1234],{"class":95},[56,55428,4202],{"class":76},[56,55430,55431],{"class":112},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55433,21306,55434,55436,55437,55439],{},[15,55435,264],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55438,1234],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55441,55442],{},"This difference matters when:",[173,55444,55445,55448,55451],{},[176,55446,55447],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[176,55449,55450],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[176,55452,55453],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55455,55456,55457,156],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[264,55458,55460,55461,11273],{"href":55459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55462,13310],{},[42,55464,5500,55465],{"id":12971},[15,55466,11853],{},[20,55468,2638,55469,6853],{},[15,55470,11853],{},[173,55472,55473,55476,55479],{},[176,55474,55475],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[176,55477,55478],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[176,55480,55481],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55483,986],{},[47,55485,55487],{"className":49,"code":55486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55488,55489,55525,55529,55534,55545,55549],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55490,55491,55494,55496,55498,55500,55503,55505,55507,55509,55512,55514,55516,55518,55521,55523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55492,55493],{"class":65},"shopping_cart ",[56,55495,1217],{"class":827},[56,55497,1220],{"class":76},[56,55499,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55501,55502],{"class":1020},"milk",[56,55504,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55506,306],{"class":76},[56,55508,1231],{"class":1016},[56,55510,55511],{"class":1020},"bread",[56,55513,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55515,306],{"class":76},[56,55517,1231],{"class":1016},[56,55519,55520],{"class":1020},"eggs",[56,55522,1017],{"class":1016},[56,55524,427],{"class":76},[56,55526,55527],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55528,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55530,55531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55532,55533],{"class":112},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[56,55535,55536,55539,55541,55543],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55537,55538],{"class":65},"shopping_cart",[56,55540,156],{"class":76},[56,55542,11915],{"class":95},[56,55544,9174],{"class":76},[56,55546,55547],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,55548,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55550,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,55552,373],{"class":72},[56,55554,77],{"class":76},[56,55556,55538],{"class":95},[56,55558,4202],{"class":76},[56,55560,54905],{"class":112},[20,55562,55563,55564,55568,55569,55575,55576,156],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[264,55565,55567],{"href":55566},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[264,55570,55572,11273],{"href":55571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55573,55574],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[264,55577,55579,11273],{"href":55578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55580,55581],{},"list.pop()",[42,55583,1690],{"id":1689},[353,55585,55587,55588,11624,55591],{"id":55586},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55589,55590],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55592,55593],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55595,55596],{},"This does not call the method.",[47,55598,55600],{"className":49,"code":55599,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55601,55602,55622,55626,55635],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55603,55604,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618,55620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55605,1214],{"class":65},[56,55607,1217],{"class":827},[56,55609,1220],{"class":76},[56,55611,529],{"class":80},[56,55613,306],{"class":76},[56,55615,414],{"class":80},[56,55617,306],{"class":76},[56,55619,419],{"class":80},[56,55621,427],{"class":76},[56,55623,55624],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55625,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55627,55628,55630,55632],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55629,1271],{"class":65},[56,55631,156],{"class":76},[56,55633,55634],{"class":25284},"clear\n",[56,55636,55637,55639,55641,55643],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55638,373],{"class":72},[56,55640,77],{"class":76},[56,55642,1271],{"class":95},[56,55644,99],{"class":76},[20,55646,239],{},[47,55648,55650],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55651,55652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55653,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55655,402],{"class":76},[56,55657,529],{"class":80},[56,55659,306],{"class":76},[56,55661,414],{"class":80},[56,55663,306],{"class":76},[56,55665,419],{"class":80},[56,55667,427],{"class":76},[20,55669,55670],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55672,1937],{},[47,55674,55676],{"className":49,"code":55675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55677,55678,55698,55702,55712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55679,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690,55692,55694,55696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55681,1214],{"class":65},[56,55683,1217],{"class":827},[56,55685,1220],{"class":76},[56,55687,529],{"class":80},[56,55689,306],{"class":76},[56,55691,414],{"class":80},[56,55693,306],{"class":76},[56,55695,419],{"class":80},[56,55697,427],{"class":76},[56,55699,55700],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55701,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55703,55704,55706,55708,55710],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55705,1271],{"class":65},[56,55707,156],{"class":76},[56,55709,11915],{"class":95},[56,55711,9174],{"class":76},[56,55713,55714,55716,55718,55720,55722],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55715,373],{"class":72},[56,55717,77],{"class":76},[56,55719,1271],{"class":95},[56,55721,4202],{"class":76},[56,55723,54905],{"class":112},[353,55725,8983,55727,55729],{"id":55726},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55728,11853],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55731,55732,2942,55734,55736],{},[15,55733,11853],{},[15,55735,4319],{},", not the list.",[47,55738,55740],{"className":49,"code":55739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55741,55742,55762,55776,55780,55792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55743,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55745,1214],{"class":65},[56,55747,1217],{"class":827},[56,55749,1220],{"class":76},[56,55751,529],{"class":80},[56,55753,306],{"class":76},[56,55755,414],{"class":80},[56,55757,306],{"class":76},[56,55759,419],{"class":80},[56,55761,427],{"class":76},[56,55763,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55765,2775],{"class":65},[56,55767,1217],{"class":827},[56,55769,1287],{"class":65},[56,55771,156],{"class":76},[56,55773,11915],{"class":95},[56,55775,9174],{"class":76},[56,55777,55778],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55779,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,55781,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55783,373],{"class":72},[56,55785,77],{"class":76},[56,55787,2809],{"class":95},[56,55789,4202],{"class":76},[56,55791,21411],{"class":112},[56,55793,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,55795,373],{"class":72},[56,55797,77],{"class":76},[56,55799,1271],{"class":95},[56,55801,4202],{"class":76},[56,55803,55153],{"class":112},[353,55805,958,55807,55809],{"id":55806},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55808,11853],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55811,55812,55813,55815],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55814,11853],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55817,55818],{},"This will fail:",[47,55820,55822],{"className":49,"code":55821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55823,55824,55836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55825,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55827,35217],{"class":65},[56,55829,1217],{"class":827},[56,55831,1231],{"class":1016},[56,55833,4386],{"class":1020},[56,55835,3903],{"class":1016},[56,55837,55838,55840,55842,55844],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55839,35238],{"class":65},[56,55841,156],{"class":76},[56,55843,11915],{"class":95},[56,55845,9174],{"class":76},[20,55847,55848,55849,34129],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55850,11853],{},[20,55852,55853,55854,55856],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55855,4319],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55858,55859],{},"Useful checks:",[47,55861,55863],{"className":49,"code":55862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55864,55865,55875,55889,55903,55912,55922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55866,55867,55869,55871,55873],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55868,373],{"class":72},[56,55870,77],{"class":76},[56,55872,8870],{"class":95},[56,55874,99],{"class":76},[56,55876,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885,55887],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,55878,373],{"class":72},[56,55880,77],{"class":76},[56,55882,2312],{"class":378},[56,55884,77],{"class":76},[56,55886,8870],{"class":95},[56,55888,1635],{"class":76},[56,55890,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55892,373],{"class":72},[56,55894,77],{"class":76},[56,55896,13183],{"class":72},[56,55898,77],{"class":76},[56,55900,8870],{"class":95},[56,55902,1635],{"class":76},[56,55904,55905,55907,55909],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,55906,44056],{"class":65},[56,55908,1217],{"class":827},[56,55910,55911],{"class":65}," my_list\n",[56,55913,55914,55916,55918,55920],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,55915,8870],{"class":65},[56,55917,156],{"class":76},[56,55919,11915],{"class":95},[56,55921,9174],{"class":76},[56,55923,55924,55926,55928,55930],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,55925,373],{"class":72},[56,55927,77],{"class":76},[56,55929,31273],{"class":95},[56,55931,99],{"class":76},[20,55933,55934],{},"These can help you see:",[173,55936,55937,55940,55943],{},[176,55938,55939],{},"What the variable currently contains",[176,55941,55942],{},"Whether it is really a list",[176,55944,55945],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55947,55948,55949,156],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[264,55950,55951],{"href":54795},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[42,55953,2343],{"id":2342},[353,55955,2347,55957,55959],{"id":55956},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55958,54848],{}," delete the list?",[20,55961,55962],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[353,55964,2347,55966,55968],{"id":55965},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55967,54848],{}," return a new list?",[20,55970,55971,55972,55974],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55973,4319],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[353,55976,5718,55978,4935,55980,2363],{"id":55977},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55979,11853],{},[15,55981,55356],{},[20,55983,55984,55986,55987,55989],{},[15,55985,11853],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55988,55356],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[353,55991,28859,55993,55995],{"id":55992},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55994,11853],{}," on other types?",[20,55997,55998,55999,56001],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,56000,11853],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[42,56003,2417],{"id":2416},[173,56005,56006,56010,56015,56022,56029,56035],{},[176,56007,56008],{},[264,56009,53273],{"href":55069},[176,56011,56012],{},[264,56013,56014],{"href":55566},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[176,56016,56017],{},[264,56018,56019,56020,11273],{"href":55578},"Python list ",[15,56021,13296],{},[176,56023,56024],{},[264,56025,56019,56026,11273],{"href":55571},[15,56027,56028],{},"remove()",[176,56030,56031],{},[264,56032,56019,56033,11273],{"href":55459},[15,56034,13310],{},[176,56036,56037],{},[264,56038,30877,56039,34162],{"href":54795},[15,56040,56041],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2451,56043,56044],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":56046},[56047,56048,56050,56051,56052,56053,56060,56061,56069,56079],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":54913,"depth":87,"text":56049},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":55227,"depth":87,"text":56054,"children":56055},"clear() vs assigning []",[56056,56058],{"id":55265,"depth":102,"text":56057},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55353,"depth":102,"text":56059},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12971,"depth":87,"text":13342},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":56062},[56063,56065,56067],{"id":55586,"depth":102,"text":56064},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55726,"depth":102,"text":56066},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55806,"depth":102,"text":56068},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":56070},[56071,56073,56075,56077],{"id":55956,"depth":102,"text":56072},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55965,"depth":102,"text":56074},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55977,"depth":102,"text":56076},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55992,"depth":102,"text":56078},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54835,"description":56080},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56087,"title":56088,"body":56089,"description":57774,"extension":2509,"meta":57775,"navigation":105,"path":57776,"seo":57777,"stem":57778,"__hash__":57779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56090,"toc":57742},[56091,56096,56102,56110,56112,56201,56208,56213,56217,56231,56233,56310,56312,56373,56376,56378,56380,56401,56404,56418,56421,56466,56468,56476,56479,56485,56491,56494,56571,56573,56618,56621,56626,56709,56711,56752,56757,56761,56767,56769,56777,56780,56873,56875,56933,56936,56952,56957,56967,56972,56974,56979,56984,56987,56989,57046,57049,57102,57108,57113,57117,57134,57136,57220,57222,57263,57271,57273,57278,57284,57286,57349,57354,57424,57428,57463,57466,57468,57507,57511,57587,57593,57599,57604,57626,57629,57648,57656,57658,57664,57667,57674,57682,57687,57690,57694,57700,57708,57711,57713,57739],[10,56092,54841,56094,11854],{"id":56093},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56095,13310],{},[20,56097,56098,56101],{},[15,56099,56100],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56103,56104,56105,14588,56107,56109],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56106,1217],{},[37,56108,5170],{}," make a real copy.",[42,56111,45],{"id":44},[47,56113,56115],{"className":49,"code":56114,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56116,56117,56137,56152,56156,56171,56175,56188],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56118,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127,56129,56131,56133,56135],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56120,1594],{"class":65},[56,56122,1217],{"class":827},[56,56124,1220],{"class":76},[56,56126,529],{"class":80},[56,56128,306],{"class":76},[56,56130,414],{"class":80},[56,56132,306],{"class":76},[56,56134,419],{"class":80},[56,56136,427],{"class":76},[56,56138,56139,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56140,56141],{"class":65},"new_numbers ",[56,56143,1217],{"class":827},[56,56145,4804],{"class":65},[56,56147,156],{"class":76},[56,56149,13445],{"class":95},[56,56151,9174],{"class":76},[56,56153,56154],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56155,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56157,56158,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,56159,56160],{"class":65},"new_numbers",[56,56162,156],{"class":76},[56,56164,14087],{"class":95},[56,56166,77],{"class":76},[56,56168,1603],{"class":80},[56,56170,99],{"class":76},[56,56172,56173],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,56174,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56176,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,56178,373],{"class":72},[56,56180,77],{"class":76},[56,56182,1618],{"class":95},[56,56184,4202],{"class":76},[56,56186,56187],{"class":112},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[56,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,56191,373],{"class":72},[56,56193,77],{"class":76},[56,56195,56160],{"class":95},[56,56197,4202],{"class":76},[56,56199,56200],{"class":112},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56202,2638,56203,56205,56206,156],{},[15,56204,56100],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[37,56207,13384],{},[42,56209,160,56211,163],{"id":56210},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56212,56100],{},[20,56214,56215,1045],{},[15,56216,56100],{},[173,56218,56219,56222,56225,56228],{},[176,56220,56221],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[176,56223,56224],{},"Returns that new list",[176,56226,56227],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[176,56229,56230],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56232,986],{},[47,56234,56236],{"className":49,"code":56235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56237,56238,56270,56285,56289,56299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56239,56240,56242,56244,56246,56248,56250,56252,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266,56268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56241,36756],{"class":65},[56,56243,1217],{"class":827},[56,56245,1220],{"class":76},[56,56247,1017],{"class":1016},[56,56249,4619],{"class":1020},[56,56251,1017],{"class":1016},[56,56253,306],{"class":76},[56,56255,1231],{"class":1016},[56,56257,4628],{"class":1020},[56,56259,1017],{"class":1016},[56,56261,306],{"class":76},[56,56263,1231],{"class":1016},[56,56265,33751],{"class":1020},[56,56267,1017],{"class":1016},[56,56269,427],{"class":76},[56,56271,56272,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56273,56274],{"class":65},"copied_fruits ",[56,56276,1217],{"class":827},[56,56278,53353],{"class":65},[56,56280,156],{"class":76},[56,56282,13445],{"class":95},[56,56284,9174],{"class":76},[56,56286,56287],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56288,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56290,56291,56293,56295,56297],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,56292,373],{"class":72},[56,56294,77],{"class":76},[56,56296,36808],{"class":95},[56,56298,99],{"class":76},[56,56300,56301,56303,56305,56308],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,56302,373],{"class":72},[56,56304,77],{"class":76},[56,56306,56307],{"class":95},"copied_fruits",[56,56309,99],{"class":76},[20,56311,239],{},[47,56313,56315],{"className":49,"code":56314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56316,56317,56345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56320,402],{"class":76},[56,56322,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56324,4619],{"class":1020},[56,56326,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56328,306],{"class":76},[56,56330,3839],{"class":1016},[56,56332,4628],{"class":1020},[56,56334,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56336,306],{"class":76},[56,56338,3839],{"class":1016},[56,56340,33751],{"class":1020},[56,56342,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56344,427],{"class":76},[56,56346,56347,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56348,402],{"class":76},[56,56350,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56352,4619],{"class":1020},[56,56354,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56356,306],{"class":76},[56,56358,3839],{"class":1016},[56,56360,4628],{"class":1020},[56,56362,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56364,306],{"class":76},[56,56366,3839],{"class":1016},[56,56368,33751],{"class":1020},[56,56370,3844],{"class":1016},[56,56372,427],{"class":76},[20,56374,56375],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[42,56377,2702],{"id":2701},[20,56379,2705],{},[47,56381,56383],{"className":49,"code":56382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56384,56385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56386,56387,56390,56392,56395,56397,56399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56388,56389],{"class":65},"new_list ",[56,56391,1217],{"class":827},[56,56393,56394],{"class":65}," old_list",[56,56396,156],{"class":76},[56,56398,13445],{"class":95},[56,56400,9174],{"class":76},[20,56402,56403],{},"How it works:",[173,56405,56406,56412,56415],{},[176,56407,56408,56409,56411],{},"Call ",[15,56410,13310],{}," on an existing list",[176,56413,56414],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[176,56416,56417],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56419,56420],{},"Example with an empty list:",[47,56422,56424],{"className":49,"code":56423,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56425,56426,56435,56451,56455],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56427,56428,56431,56433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56429,56430],{"class":65},"empty_list ",[56,56432,1217],{"class":827},[56,56434,8371],{"class":76},[56,56436,56437,56440,56442,56445,56447,56449],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56438,56439],{"class":65},"new_empty_list ",[56,56441,1217],{"class":827},[56,56443,56444],{"class":65}," empty_list",[56,56446,156],{"class":76},[56,56448,13445],{"class":95},[56,56450,9174],{"class":76},[56,56452,56453],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56454,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56456,56457,56459,56461,56464],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,56458,373],{"class":72},[56,56460,77],{"class":76},[56,56462,56463],{"class":95},"new_empty_list",[56,56465,99],{"class":76},[20,56467,239],{},[47,56469,56470],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,56471,56472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56473,56474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56475,907],{"class":76},[20,56477,56478],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[42,56480,56482,56483],{"id":56481},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56484,1217],{},[20,56486,958,56487,14588,56489,53169],{},[15,56488,1217],{},[37,56490,5170],{},[20,56492,56493],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[47,56495,56497],{"className":49,"code":56496,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56498,56499,56519,56528,56532,56547,56551,56561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56502,1594],{"class":65},[56,56504,1217],{"class":827},[56,56506,1220],{"class":76},[56,56508,529],{"class":80},[56,56510,306],{"class":76},[56,56512,414],{"class":80},[56,56514,306],{"class":76},[56,56516,419],{"class":80},[56,56518,427],{"class":76},[56,56520,56521,56524,56526],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56522,56523],{"class":65},"same_list ",[56,56525,1217],{"class":827},[56,56527,44489],{"class":65},[56,56529,56530],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56531,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56533,56534,56537,56539,56541,56543,56545],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,56535,56536],{"class":65},"same_list",[56,56538,156],{"class":76},[56,56540,14087],{"class":95},[56,56542,77],{"class":76},[56,56544,1603],{"class":80},[56,56546,99],{"class":76},[56,56548,56549],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,56550,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56552,56553,56555,56557,56559],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,56554,373],{"class":72},[56,56556,77],{"class":76},[56,56558,1618],{"class":95},[56,56560,99],{"class":76},[56,56562,56563,56565,56567,56569],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,56564,373],{"class":72},[56,56566,77],{"class":76},[56,56568,56536],{"class":95},[56,56570,99],{"class":76},[20,56572,239],{},[47,56574,56576],{"className":49,"code":56575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56577,56578,56598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56579,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56581,402],{"class":76},[56,56583,529],{"class":80},[56,56585,306],{"class":76},[56,56587,414],{"class":80},[56,56589,306],{"class":76},[56,56591,419],{"class":80},[56,56593,306],{"class":76},[56,56595,424],{"class":80},[56,56597,427],{"class":76},[56,56599,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612,56614,56616],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56601,402],{"class":76},[56,56603,529],{"class":80},[56,56605,306],{"class":76},[56,56607,414],{"class":80},[56,56609,306],{"class":76},[56,56611,419],{"class":80},[56,56613,306],{"class":76},[56,56615,424],{"class":80},[56,56617,427],{"class":76},[20,56619,56620],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56622,56623,56624,1045],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56625,13310],{},[47,56627,56629],{"className":49,"code":56628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56630,56631,56651,56666,56670,56685,56689,56699],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56632,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56634,1594],{"class":65},[56,56636,1217],{"class":827},[56,56638,1220],{"class":76},[56,56640,529],{"class":80},[56,56642,306],{"class":76},[56,56644,414],{"class":80},[56,56646,306],{"class":76},[56,56648,419],{"class":80},[56,56650,427],{"class":76},[56,56652,56653,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56654,56655],{"class":65},"copied_numbers ",[56,56657,1217],{"class":827},[56,56659,4804],{"class":65},[56,56661,156],{"class":76},[56,56663,13445],{"class":95},[56,56665,9174],{"class":76},[56,56667,56668],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56669,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56671,56672,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,56673,56674],{"class":65},"copied_numbers",[56,56676,156],{"class":76},[56,56678,14087],{"class":95},[56,56680,77],{"class":76},[56,56682,1603],{"class":80},[56,56684,99],{"class":76},[56,56686,56687],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,56688,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56690,56691,56693,56695,56697],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,56692,373],{"class":72},[56,56694,77],{"class":76},[56,56696,1618],{"class":95},[56,56698,99],{"class":76},[56,56700,56701,56703,56705,56707],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,56702,373],{"class":72},[56,56704,77],{"class":76},[56,56706,56674],{"class":95},[56,56708,99],{"class":76},[20,56710,239],{},[47,56712,56714],{"className":49,"code":56713,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56715,56716,56732],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56717,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56719,402],{"class":76},[56,56721,529],{"class":80},[56,56723,306],{"class":76},[56,56725,414],{"class":80},[56,56727,306],{"class":76},[56,56729,419],{"class":80},[56,56731,427],{"class":76},[56,56733,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56735,402],{"class":76},[56,56737,529],{"class":80},[56,56739,306],{"class":76},[56,56741,414],{"class":80},[56,56743,306],{"class":76},[56,56745,419],{"class":80},[56,56747,306],{"class":76},[56,56749,424],{"class":80},[56,56751,427],{"class":76},[20,56753,56754,56755,156],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[264,56756,53273],{"href":51480},[42,56758,56760],{"id":56759},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56762,56763,13381,56765,156],{},[15,56764,56100],{},[37,56766,13384],{},[20,56768,2653],{},[173,56770,56771,56774],{},[176,56772,56773],{},"The outer list is new",[176,56775,56776],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56778,56779],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[47,56781,56783],{"className":49,"code":56782,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56784,56785,56812,56826,56830,56849,56853,56863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56786,56787,56789,56791,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56788,12620],{"class":65},[56,56790,1217],{"class":827},[56,56792,56793],{"class":76}," [[",[56,56795,529],{"class":80},[56,56797,306],{"class":76},[56,56799,414],{"class":80},[56,56801,18597],{"class":76},[56,56803,1220],{"class":76},[56,56805,223],{"class":80},[56,56807,306],{"class":76},[56,56809,424],{"class":80},[56,56811,53744],{"class":76},[56,56813,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56815,14846],{"class":65},[56,56817,1217],{"class":827},[56,56819,12695],{"class":65},[56,56821,156],{"class":76},[56,56823,13445],{"class":95},[56,56825,9174],{"class":76},[56,56827,56828],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56829,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56831,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56847],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,56833,14865],{"class":65},[56,56835,402],{"class":76},[56,56837,152],{"class":80},[56,56839,14084],{"class":76},[56,56841,14087],{"class":95},[56,56843,77],{"class":76},[56,56845,56846],{"class":80},"99",[56,56848,99],{"class":76},[56,56850,56851],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,56852,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,56854,56855,56857,56859,56861],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,56856,373],{"class":72},[56,56858,77],{"class":76},[56,56860,12667],{"class":95},[56,56862,99],{"class":76},[56,56864,56865,56867,56869,56871],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,56866,373],{"class":72},[56,56868,77],{"class":76},[56,56870,14865],{"class":95},[56,56872,99],{"class":76},[20,56874,239],{},[47,56876,56878],{"className":49,"code":56877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56879,56880,56907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56881,56882,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903,56905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56883,56884],{"class":76},"[[",[56,56886,529],{"class":80},[56,56888,306],{"class":76},[56,56890,414],{"class":80},[56,56892,306],{"class":76},[56,56894,10729],{"class":80},[56,56896,18597],{"class":76},[56,56898,1220],{"class":76},[56,56900,223],{"class":80},[56,56902,306],{"class":76},[56,56904,424],{"class":80},[56,56906,53744],{"class":76},[56,56908,56909,56911,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,56910,56884],{"class":76},[56,56912,529],{"class":80},[56,56914,306],{"class":76},[56,56916,414],{"class":80},[56,56918,306],{"class":76},[56,56920,10729],{"class":80},[56,56922,18597],{"class":76},[56,56924,1220],{"class":76},[56,56926,223],{"class":80},[56,56928,306],{"class":76},[56,56930,424],{"class":80},[56,56932,53744],{"class":76},[20,56934,56935],{},"Why did both change?",[173,56937,56938,56945],{},[176,56939,56940,4935,56942,56944],{},[15,56941,12667],{},[15,56943,14865],{}," are different outer lists",[176,56946,56947,56948,56951],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56949,56950],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56953,54154,56954,56956],{},[15,56955,13310],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[173,56958,56959,56962,56965],{},[176,56960,56961],{},"Numbers",[176,56963,56964],{},"Strings",[176,56966,41106],{},[20,56968,56969,56970,156],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[264,56971,14325],{"href":14324},[42,56973,17954],{"id":17953},[20,56975,56976,56978],{},[15,56977,56100],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56980,41416,56981,56983],{},[37,56982,5170],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56985,56986],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56988,17191],{},[47,56990,56992],{"className":49,"code":56991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56993,56994,57018,57032,57036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56995,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56997,13609],{"class":65},[56,56999,1217],{"class":827},[56,57001,1220],{"class":76},[56,57003,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57005,13626],{"class":1020},[56,57007,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57009,306],{"class":76},[56,57011,1231],{"class":1016},[56,57013,13643],{"class":1020},[56,57015,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57017,427],{"class":76},[56,57019,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57021,13652],{"class":65},[56,57023,1217],{"class":827},[56,57025,13657],{"class":65},[56,57027,156],{"class":76},[56,57029,13445],{"class":95},[56,57031,9174],{"class":76},[56,57033,57034],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57035,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57037,57038,57040,57042,57044],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,57039,373],{"class":72},[56,57041,77],{"class":76},[56,57043,13676],{"class":95},[56,57045,99],{"class":76},[20,57047,57048],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[47,57050,57052],{"className":49,"code":57051,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,57053,57054,57078,57088,57092],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57055,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57057,13609],{"class":65},[56,57059,1217],{"class":827},[56,57061,1220],{"class":76},[56,57063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57065,13626],{"class":1020},[56,57067,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57069,306],{"class":76},[56,57071,1231],{"class":1016},[56,57073,13643],{"class":1020},[56,57075,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57077,427],{"class":76},[56,57079,57080,57082,57084,57086],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57081,18037],{"class":65},[56,57083,156],{"class":76},[56,57085,13445],{"class":95},[56,57087,9174],{"class":76},[56,57089,57090],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57091,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57093,57094,57096,57098,57100],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,57095,373],{"class":72},[56,57097,77],{"class":76},[56,57099,18037],{"class":95},[56,57101,99],{"class":76},[20,57103,57104,57105,57107],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57106,13310],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[42,57109,5500,57111],{"id":57110},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57112,56100],{},[20,57114,2638,57115,11133],{},[15,57116,56100],{},[173,57118,57119,57122,57125,57128],{},[176,57120,57121],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[176,57123,57124],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[176,57126,57127],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[176,57129,57130,57131],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57132,57133],{},"[:]",[20,57135,986],{},[47,57137,57139],{"className":49,"code":57138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57140,57141,57161,57176,57180,57195,57199,57209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57142,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57144,5603],{"class":65},[56,57146,1217],{"class":827},[56,57148,1220],{"class":76},[56,57150,2291],{"class":80},[56,57152,306],{"class":76},[56,57154,8323],{"class":80},[56,57156,306],{"class":76},[56,57158,8328],{"class":80},[56,57160,427],{"class":76},[56,57162,57163,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57164,57165],{"class":65},"backup_scores ",[56,57167,1217],{"class":827},[56,57169,5650],{"class":65},[56,57171,156],{"class":76},[56,57173,13445],{"class":95},[56,57175,9174],{"class":76},[56,57177,57178],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57179,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57181,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57193],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,57183,16924],{"class":65},[56,57185,156],{"class":76},[56,57187,14087],{"class":95},[56,57189,77],{"class":76},[56,57191,57192],{"class":80},"40",[56,57194,99],{"class":76},[56,57196,57197],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,57198,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57200,57201,57203,57205,57207],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,57202,373],{"class":72},[56,57204,77],{"class":76},[56,57206,16924],{"class":95},[56,57208,99],{"class":76},[56,57210,57211,57213,57215,57218],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,57212,373],{"class":72},[56,57214,77],{"class":76},[56,57216,57217],{"class":95},"backup_scores",[56,57219,99],{"class":76},[20,57221,239],{},[47,57223,57225],{"className":49,"code":57224,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57226,57227,57247],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57228,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57230,402],{"class":76},[56,57232,2291],{"class":80},[56,57234,306],{"class":76},[56,57236,8323],{"class":80},[56,57238,306],{"class":76},[56,57240,8328],{"class":80},[56,57242,306],{"class":76},[56,57244,51344],{"class":80},[56,57246,427],{"class":76},[56,57248,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57250,402],{"class":76},[56,57252,2291],{"class":80},[56,57254,306],{"class":76},[56,57256,8323],{"class":80},[56,57258,306],{"class":76},[56,57260,8328],{"class":80},[56,57262,427],{"class":76},[20,57264,57265,57266,156],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[264,57267,56019,57269,11273],{"href":57268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57270,53154],{},[42,57272,1690],{"id":1689},[20,57274,57275,57276,156],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57277,56100],{},[353,57279,958,57281,57283],{"id":57280},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57282,1217],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57285,39709],{},[47,57287,57289],{"className":49,"code":57288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57290,57291,57311,57319,57333,57337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57292,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57294,3098],{"class":65},[56,57296,1217],{"class":827},[56,57298,1220],{"class":76},[56,57300,529],{"class":80},[56,57302,306],{"class":76},[56,57304,414],{"class":80},[56,57306,306],{"class":76},[56,57308,419],{"class":80},[56,57310,427],{"class":76},[56,57312,57313,57315,57317],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57314,3125],{"class":65},[56,57316,1217],{"class":827},[56,57318,1308],{"class":65},[56,57320,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329,57331],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57322,1234],{"class":65},[56,57324,156],{"class":76},[56,57326,14087],{"class":95},[56,57328,77],{"class":76},[56,57330,1603],{"class":80},[56,57332,99],{"class":76},[56,57334,57335],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,57336,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57338,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,57340,373],{"class":72},[56,57342,77],{"class":76},[56,57344,264],{"class":95},[56,57346,4202],{"class":76},[56,57348,56200],{"class":112},[20,57350,57351,57352,7162],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57353,13310],{},[47,57355,57357],{"className":49,"code":57356,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57358,57359,57379,57394,57408,57412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57360,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57362,3098],{"class":65},[56,57364,1217],{"class":827},[56,57366,1220],{"class":76},[56,57368,529],{"class":80},[56,57370,306],{"class":76},[56,57372,414],{"class":80},[56,57374,306],{"class":76},[56,57376,419],{"class":80},[56,57378,427],{"class":76},[56,57380,57381,57383,57385,57388,57390,57392],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57382,3125],{"class":65},[56,57384,1217],{"class":827},[56,57386,57387],{"class":65}," a",[56,57389,156],{"class":76},[56,57391,13445],{"class":95},[56,57393,9174],{"class":76},[56,57395,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57397,1234],{"class":65},[56,57399,156],{"class":76},[56,57401,14087],{"class":95},[56,57403,77],{"class":76},[56,57405,1603],{"class":80},[56,57407,99],{"class":76},[56,57409,57410],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,57411,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57413,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,57415,373],{"class":72},[56,57417,77],{"class":76},[56,57419,264],{"class":95},[56,57421,4202],{"class":76},[56,57423,55431],{"class":112},[353,57425,57427],{"id":57426},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[47,57429,57431],{"className":49,"code":57430,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57432,57433,57453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57434,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449,57451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57436,1594],{"class":65},[56,57438,1217],{"class":827},[56,57440,1220],{"class":76},[56,57442,529],{"class":80},[56,57444,306],{"class":76},[56,57446,414],{"class":80},[56,57448,306],{"class":76},[56,57450,419],{"class":80},[56,57452,427],{"class":76},[56,57454,57455,57457,57459,57461],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57456,1618],{"class":65},[56,57458,156],{"class":76},[56,57460,13445],{"class":95},[56,57462,9174],{"class":76},[20,57464,57465],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57467,39772],{},[47,57469,57471],{"className":49,"code":57470,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57472,57473,57493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57474,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57476,1594],{"class":65},[56,57478,1217],{"class":827},[56,57480,1220],{"class":76},[56,57482,529],{"class":80},[56,57484,306],{"class":76},[56,57486,414],{"class":80},[56,57488,306],{"class":76},[56,57490,419],{"class":80},[56,57492,427],{"class":76},[56,57494,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57496,56655],{"class":65},[56,57498,1217],{"class":827},[56,57500,4804],{"class":65},[56,57502,156],{"class":76},[56,57504,13445],{"class":95},[56,57506,9174],{"class":76},[353,57508,57510],{"id":57509},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[47,57512,57514],{"className":49,"code":57513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57515,57516,57534,57548,57552,57570,57574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57517,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57519,3098],{"class":65},[56,57521,1217],{"class":827},[56,57523,56793],{"class":76},[56,57525,529],{"class":80},[56,57527,18597],{"class":76},[56,57529,1220],{"class":76},[56,57531,463],{"class":80},[56,57533,53744],{"class":76},[56,57535,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57537,3125],{"class":65},[56,57539,1217],{"class":827},[56,57541,57387],{"class":65},[56,57543,156],{"class":76},[56,57545,13445],{"class":95},[56,57547,9174],{"class":76},[56,57549,57550],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57551,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57553,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,57555,1234],{"class":65},[56,57557,402],{"class":76},[56,57559,152],{"class":80},[56,57561,14084],{"class":76},[56,57563,14087],{"class":95},[56,57565,77],{"class":76},[56,57567,56846],{"class":80},[56,57569,99],{"class":76},[56,57571,57572],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,57573,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,57575,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,57577,373],{"class":72},[56,57579,77],{"class":76},[56,57581,264],{"class":95},[56,57583,4202],{"class":76},[56,57585,57586],{"class":112},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57588,57589,57590,57592],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57591,56100],{}," is shallow.",[353,57594,2067,57596,57598],{"id":57595},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57597,13310],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57600,57601,57603],{},[15,57602,13310],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[47,57605,57607],{"className":49,"code":57606,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57608,57609,57621],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57610,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57612,8409],{"class":65},[56,57614,1217],{"class":827},[56,57616,1231],{"class":1016},[56,57618,5543],{"class":1020},[56,57620,3903],{"class":1016},[56,57622,57623],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57624,57625],{"class":112},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57627,57628],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[47,57630,57632],{"className":49,"code":57631,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57633,57634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57635,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57637,373],{"class":72},[56,57639,77],{"class":76},[56,57641,2312],{"class":378},[56,57643,77],{"class":76},[56,57645,8201],{"class":95},[56,57647,1635],{"class":76},[20,57649,57650,57651,57655],{},"You can also review ",[264,57652,57654],{"href":57653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[42,57657,2343],{"id":2342},[353,57659,2347,57661,57663],{"id":57660},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57662,56100],{}," change the original list?",[20,57665,57666],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[353,57668,5718,57670,4935,57672,2363],{"id":57669},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57671,56100],{},[15,57673,1217],{},[20,57675,57676,57678,57679,57681],{},[15,57677,13310],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57680,1217],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[353,57683,2385,57685,15440],{"id":57684},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57686,56100],{},[20,57688,57689],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[353,57691,57693],{"id":57692},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57695,42661,57696,57699],{},[15,57697,57698],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[353,57701,2385,57703,57705,57706,2363],{"id":57702},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57704,56100],{}," the same as ",[15,57707,57133],{},[20,57709,57710],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[42,57712,2417],{"id":2416},[173,57714,57715,57720,57724,57729,57735],{},[176,57716,57717],{},[264,57718,15499],{"href":57719},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[176,57721,57722],{},[264,57723,53273],{"href":51480},[176,57725,57726],{},[264,57727,57728],{"href":57653},"Creating a list in Python",[176,57730,57731],{},[264,57732,56019,57733,11273],{"href":57268},[15,57734,53154],{},[176,57736,57737],{},[264,57738,14325],{"href":14324},[2451,57740,57741],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":57743},[57744,57745,57747,57748,57750,57751,57752,57754,57762,57773],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":56210,"depth":87,"text":57746},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":56481,"depth":87,"text":57749},"Why not use =",{"id":56759,"depth":87,"text":56760},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":57110,"depth":87,"text":57753},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":57755},[57756,57758,57759,57760],{"id":57280,"depth":102,"text":57757},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57426,"depth":102,"text":57427},{"id":57509,"depth":102,"text":57510},{"id":57595,"depth":102,"text":57761},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":57763},[57764,57766,57768,57770,57771],{"id":57660,"depth":102,"text":57765},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57669,"depth":102,"text":57767},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57684,"depth":102,"text":57769},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57692,"depth":102,"text":57693},{"id":57702,"depth":102,"text":57772},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56088,"description":57774},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57781,"title":57782,"body":57783,"description":59525,"extension":2509,"meta":59526,"navigation":105,"path":59527,"seo":59528,"stem":59529,"__hash__":59530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57784,"toc":59484},[57785,57791,57797,57800,57811,57814,57816,57879,57885,57890,57894,57908,57911,57916,57921,57923,57925,57944,57956,57958,58025,58027,58035,58040,58042,58050,58053,58070,58072,58196,58207,58211,58216,58219,58221,58239,58243,58329,58338,58346,58415,58417,58420,58432,58437,58441,58512,58515,58519,58523,58588,58590,58598,58602,58685,58687,58695,58699,58760,58762,58770,58774,58861,58863,58871,58876,58881,58884,58895,58897,58982,58987,58996,58998,59002,59006,59011,59073,59077,59085,59091,59100,59105,59154,59157,59178,59182,59244,59251,59256,59259,59346,59349,59360,59363,59383,59385,59391,59394,59398,59402,59408,59411,59417,59424,59432,59443,59445,59481],[10,57786,54841,57788,11854],{"id":57787},"python-list-count-method",[15,57789,57790],{},"count()",[20,57792,57793,57796],{},[15,57794,57795],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57798,57799],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[173,57801,57802,57805,57808],{},[176,57803,57804],{},"count one specific item",[176,57806,57807],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[176,57809,57810],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57812,57813],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[42,57815,4151],{"id":4150},[47,57817,57819],{"className":49,"code":57818,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57820,57821,57849,57867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57822,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57824,1594],{"class":65},[56,57826,1217],{"class":827},[56,57828,1220],{"class":76},[56,57830,529],{"class":80},[56,57832,306],{"class":76},[56,57834,414],{"class":80},[56,57836,306],{"class":76},[56,57838,414],{"class":80},[56,57840,306],{"class":76},[56,57842,419],{"class":80},[56,57844,306],{"class":76},[56,57846,414],{"class":80},[56,57848,427],{"class":76},[56,57850,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,57852,2775],{"class":65},[56,57854,1217],{"class":827},[56,57856,4804],{"class":65},[56,57858,156],{"class":76},[56,57860,41770],{"class":95},[56,57862,77],{"class":76},[56,57864,463],{"class":80},[56,57866,99],{"class":76},[56,57868,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57870,373],{"class":72},[56,57872,77],{"class":76},[56,57874,2809],{"class":95},[56,57876,4202],{"class":76},[56,57878,51271],{"class":112},[20,57880,2638,57881,57884],{},[15,57882,57883],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[42,57886,160,57888,163],{"id":57887},"what-listcount-does",[15,57889,57795],{},[20,57891,57892,1045],{},[15,57893,57795],{},[173,57895,57896,57899,57902,57905],{},[176,57897,57898],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[176,57900,57901],{},"returns an integer",[176,57903,57904],{},"does not change the original list",[176,57906,57907],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57909,57910],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57912,57913,57914,156],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57915,223],{},[20,57917,57918,57919,156],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57920,152],{},[42,57922,2702],{"id":2701},[20,57924,2705],{},[47,57926,57928],{"className":49,"code":57927,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57929,57930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57931,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57933,8870],{"class":65},[56,57935,156],{"class":76},[56,57937,41770],{"class":95},[56,57939,77],{"class":76},[56,57941,3017],{"class":95},[56,57943,99],{"class":76},[173,57945,57946,57951],{},[176,57947,57948,57950],{},[15,57949,8870],{}," is the list you want to search",[176,57952,57953,57955],{},[15,57954,3017],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57957,986],{},[47,57959,57961],{"className":49,"code":57960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57962,57963,58003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57964,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57966,36614],{"class":65},[56,57968,1217],{"class":827},[56,57970,1220],{"class":76},[56,57972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57974,264],{"class":1020},[56,57976,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57978,306],{"class":76},[56,57980,1231],{"class":1016},[56,57982,1234],{"class":1020},[56,57984,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57986,306],{"class":76},[56,57988,1231],{"class":1016},[56,57990,264],{"class":1020},[56,57992,1017],{"class":1016},[56,57994,306],{"class":76},[56,57996,1231],{"class":1016},[56,57998,1243],{"class":1020},[56,58000,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58002,427],{"class":76},[56,58004,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58006,373],{"class":72},[56,58008,77],{"class":76},[56,58010,36666],{"class":95},[56,58012,156],{"class":76},[56,58014,41770],{"class":95},[56,58016,77],{"class":76},[56,58018,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58020,264],{"class":1020},[56,58022,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58024,1635],{"class":76},[20,58026,239],{},[47,58028,58029],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58030,58031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58032,58033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58034,259],{"class":80},[20,58036,58037,58038,156],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,58039,152],{},[42,58041,38532],{"id":38531},[20,58043,58044,58045,58047,58048,156],{},"The return value from ",[15,58046,57790],{}," is always an ",[15,58049,2734],{},[20,58051,58052],{},"Possible results:",[173,58054,58055,58060,58065],{},[176,58056,58057,58059],{},[15,58058,152],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[176,58061,58062,58064],{},[15,58063,529],{}," if it appears once",[176,58066,58067,58069],{},[15,58068,463],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,58071,986],{},[47,58073,58075],{"className":49,"code":58074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,58076,58077,58117,58121,58146,58171],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58078,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58080,13609],{"class":65},[56,58082,1217],{"class":827},[56,58084,1220],{"class":76},[56,58086,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58088,13626],{"class":1020},[56,58090,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58092,306],{"class":76},[56,58094,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58096,13643],{"class":1020},[56,58098,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58100,306],{"class":76},[56,58102,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58104,17990],{"class":1020},[56,58106,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58108,306],{"class":76},[56,58110,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58112,13643],{"class":1020},[56,58114,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58116,427],{"class":76},[56,58118,58119],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58120,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,58122,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58124,373],{"class":72},[56,58126,77],{"class":76},[56,58128,18037],{"class":95},[56,58130,156],{"class":76},[56,58132,41770],{"class":95},[56,58134,77],{"class":76},[56,58136,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58138,13643],{"class":1020},[56,58140,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58142,5901],{"class":76},[56,58144,58145],{"class":112},"   # 2\n",[56,58147,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,58149,373],{"class":72},[56,58151,77],{"class":76},[56,58153,18037],{"class":95},[56,58155,156],{"class":76},[56,58157,41770],{"class":95},[56,58159,77],{"class":76},[56,58161,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58163,13626],{"class":1020},[56,58165,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58167,5901],{"class":76},[56,58169,58170],{"class":112},"    # 1\n",[56,58172,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,58174,373],{"class":72},[56,58176,77],{"class":76},[56,58178,18037],{"class":95},[56,58180,156],{"class":76},[56,58182,41770],{"class":95},[56,58184,77],{"class":76},[56,58186,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58188,23060],{"class":1020},[56,58190,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58192,5901],{"class":76},[56,58194,58195],{"class":112}," # 0\n",[20,58197,58198,58199,58201,58202,58204,58205,156],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58200,57790],{}," works, but using ",[15,58203,69],{}," is often simpler. See ",[264,58206,6733],{"href":6732},[42,58208,58210],{"id":58209},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58212,58213,58215],{},[15,58214,57795],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58217,58218],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58220,44157],{},[173,58222,58223,58226,58229,58236],{},[176,58224,58225],{},"matches are based on equality",[176,58227,58228],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[176,58230,58231,4935,58233,58235],{},[15,58232,529],{},[15,58234,4146],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[176,58237,58238],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[353,58240,58242],{"id":58241},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[47,58244,58246],{"className":49,"code":58245,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58247,58248,58281,58305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58249,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58251,4610],{"class":65},[56,58253,1217],{"class":827},[56,58255,1220],{"class":76},[56,58257,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58259,4619],{"class":1020},[56,58261,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58263,306],{"class":76},[56,58265,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58267,58268],{"class":1020},"Apple",[56,58270,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58272,306],{"class":76},[56,58274,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58276,4619],{"class":1020},[56,58278,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58280,427],{"class":76},[56,58282,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58284,373],{"class":72},[56,58286,77],{"class":76},[56,58288,4654],{"class":95},[56,58290,156],{"class":76},[56,58292,41770],{"class":95},[56,58294,77],{"class":76},[56,58296,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58298,4619],{"class":1020},[56,58300,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58302,5901],{"class":76},[56,58304,51916],{"class":112},[56,58306,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58308,373],{"class":72},[56,58310,77],{"class":76},[56,58312,4654],{"class":95},[56,58314,156],{"class":76},[56,58316,41770],{"class":95},[56,58318,77],{"class":76},[56,58320,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58322,58268],{"class":1020},[56,58324,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58326,5901],{"class":76},[56,58328,28310],{"class":112},[20,58330,58331,4935,58334,58337],{},[15,58332,58333],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58335,58336],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[353,58339,58341,4935,58343,58345],{"id":58340},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58342,529],{},[15,58344,4146],{}," can match",[47,58347,58349],{"className":49,"code":58348,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58350,58351,58375,58395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58352,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58354,4364],{"class":65},[56,58356,1217],{"class":827},[56,58358,1220],{"class":76},[56,58360,529],{"class":80},[56,58362,306],{"class":76},[56,58364,4455],{"class":4393},[56,58366,306],{"class":76},[56,58368,414],{"class":80},[56,58370,306],{"class":76},[56,58372,409],{"class":80},[56,58374,427],{"class":76},[56,58376,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58378,373],{"class":72},[56,58380,77],{"class":76},[56,58382,5898],{"class":95},[56,58384,156],{"class":76},[56,58386,41770],{"class":95},[56,58388,77],{"class":76},[56,58390,529],{"class":80},[56,58392,5901],{"class":76},[56,58394,51419],{"class":112},[56,58396,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58398,373],{"class":72},[56,58400,77],{"class":76},[56,58402,5898],{"class":95},[56,58404,156],{"class":76},[56,58406,41770],{"class":95},[56,58408,77],{"class":76},[56,58410,4146],{"class":4393},[56,58412,5901],{"class":76},[56,58414,51271],{"class":112},[20,58416,4952],{},[20,58418,58419],{},"In Python:",[173,58421,58422,58427],{},[176,58423,58424],{},[15,58425,58426],{},"True == 1",[176,58428,58429],{},[15,58430,58431],{},"False == 0",[20,58433,54154,58434,58436],{},[15,58435,57790],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[353,58438,58440],{"id":58439},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[47,58442,58444],{"className":49,"code":58443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58445,58446,58488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58447,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58449,1214],{"class":65},[56,58451,1217],{"class":827},[56,58453,56793],{"class":76},[56,58455,529],{"class":80},[56,58457,306],{"class":76},[56,58459,414],{"class":80},[56,58461,18597],{"class":76},[56,58463,1220],{"class":76},[56,58465,223],{"class":80},[56,58467,306],{"class":76},[56,58469,424],{"class":80},[56,58471,18597],{"class":76},[56,58473,1220],{"class":76},[56,58475,529],{"class":80},[56,58477,306],{"class":76},[56,58479,414],{"class":80},[56,58481,18597],{"class":76},[56,58483,1220],{"class":76},[56,58485,529],{"class":80},[56,58487,53744],{"class":76},[56,58489,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58491,373],{"class":72},[56,58493,77],{"class":76},[56,58495,1271],{"class":95},[56,58497,156],{"class":76},[56,58499,41770],{"class":95},[56,58501,3528],{"class":76},[56,58503,529],{"class":80},[56,58505,306],{"class":76},[56,58507,414],{"class":80},[56,58509,5274],{"class":76},[56,58511,51916],{"class":112},[20,58513,58514],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[42,58516,58518],{"id":58517},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[353,58520,58522],{"id":58521},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[47,58524,58526],{"className":49,"code":58525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58527,58528,58556,58574,58578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58529,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58531,1594],{"class":65},[56,58533,1217],{"class":827},[56,58535,1220],{"class":76},[56,58537,2291],{"class":80},[56,58539,306],{"class":76},[56,58541,8323],{"class":80},[56,58543,306],{"class":76},[56,58545,534],{"class":80},[56,58547,306],{"class":76},[56,58549,8328],{"class":80},[56,58551,306],{"class":76},[56,58553,534],{"class":80},[56,58555,427],{"class":76},[56,58557,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58559,2775],{"class":65},[56,58561,1217],{"class":827},[56,58563,4804],{"class":65},[56,58565,156],{"class":76},[56,58567,41770],{"class":95},[56,58569,77],{"class":76},[56,58571,2291],{"class":80},[56,58573,99],{"class":76},[56,58575,58576],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58577,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,58579,58580,58582,58584,58586],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,58581,373],{"class":72},[56,58583,77],{"class":76},[56,58585,2809],{"class":95},[56,58587,99],{"class":76},[20,58589,239],{},[47,58591,58592],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58593,58594],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58595,58596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58597,47123],{"class":80},[353,58599,58601],{"id":58600},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[47,58603,58605],{"className":49,"code":58604,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58606,58607,58649,58671,58675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58608,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58645,58647],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58610,4610],{"class":65},[56,58612,1217],{"class":827},[56,58614,1220],{"class":76},[56,58616,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58618,37561],{"class":1020},[56,58620,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58622,306],{"class":76},[56,58624,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58626,58627],{"class":1020},"dog",[56,58629,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58631,306],{"class":76},[56,58633,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58635,37561],{"class":1020},[56,58637,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58639,306],{"class":76},[56,58641,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58643,58644],{"class":1020},"bird",[56,58646,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58648,427],{"class":76},[56,58650,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58652,2775],{"class":65},[56,58654,1217],{"class":827},[56,58656,6703],{"class":65},[56,58658,156],{"class":76},[56,58660,41770],{"class":95},[56,58662,77],{"class":76},[56,58664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58666,37561],{"class":1020},[56,58668,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58670,99],{"class":76},[56,58672,58673],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58674,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,58676,58677,58679,58681,58683],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,58678,373],{"class":72},[56,58680,77],{"class":76},[56,58682,2809],{"class":95},[56,58684,99],{"class":76},[20,58686,239],{},[47,58688,58689],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58690,58691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58692,58693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58694,259],{"class":80},[353,58696,58698],{"id":58697},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[47,58700,58702],{"className":49,"code":58701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58703,58704,58728,58746,58750],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58705,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58707,1594],{"class":65},[56,58709,1217],{"class":827},[56,58711,1220],{"class":76},[56,58713,529],{"class":80},[56,58715,306],{"class":76},[56,58717,414],{"class":80},[56,58719,306],{"class":76},[56,58721,419],{"class":80},[56,58723,306],{"class":76},[56,58725,424],{"class":80},[56,58727,427],{"class":76},[56,58729,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58731,2775],{"class":65},[56,58733,1217],{"class":827},[56,58735,4804],{"class":65},[56,58737,156],{"class":76},[56,58739,41770],{"class":95},[56,58741,77],{"class":76},[56,58743,81],{"class":80},[56,58745,99],{"class":76},[56,58747,58748],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58749,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,58751,58752,58754,58756,58758],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,58753,373],{"class":72},[56,58755,77],{"class":76},[56,58757,2809],{"class":95},[56,58759,99],{"class":76},[20,58761,239],{},[47,58763,58764],{"className":49,"code":249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58765,58766],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58767,58768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58769,249],{"class":80},[353,58771,58773],{"id":58772},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[47,58775,58777],{"className":49,"code":58776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58778,58779,58825,58847,58851],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58780,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58782,9697],{"class":65},[56,58784,1217],{"class":827},[56,58786,56793],{"class":76},[56,58788,529],{"class":80},[56,58790,306],{"class":76},[56,58792,414],{"class":80},[56,58794,18597],{"class":76},[56,58796,1220],{"class":76},[56,58798,529],{"class":80},[56,58800,306],{"class":76},[56,58802,414],{"class":80},[56,58804,18597],{"class":76},[56,58806,1220],{"class":76},[56,58808,463],{"class":80},[56,58810,306],{"class":76},[56,58812,419],{"class":80},[56,58814,18597],{"class":76},[56,58816,1220],{"class":76},[56,58818,529],{"class":80},[56,58820,306],{"class":76},[56,58822,414],{"class":80},[56,58824,53744],{"class":76},[56,58826,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58828,2775],{"class":65},[56,58830,1217],{"class":827},[56,58832,15101],{"class":65},[56,58834,156],{"class":76},[56,58836,41770],{"class":95},[56,58838,3528],{"class":76},[56,58840,529],{"class":80},[56,58842,306],{"class":76},[56,58844,414],{"class":80},[56,58846,1294],{"class":76},[56,58848,58849],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58850,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,58852,58853,58855,58857,58859],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,58854,373],{"class":72},[56,58856,77],{"class":76},[56,58858,2809],{"class":95},[56,58860,99],{"class":76},[20,58862,239],{},[47,58864,58865],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58866,58867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58868,58869],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58870,47123],{"class":80},[42,58872,5500,58874],{"id":58873},"when-to-use-count",[15,58875,57790],{},[20,58877,2638,58878,58880],{},[15,58879,57790],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58882,58883],{},"Good use cases:",[173,58885,58886,58889,58892],{},[176,58887,58888],{},"counting one specific item",[176,58890,58891],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[176,58893,58894],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58896,986],{},[47,58898,58900],{"className":49,"code":58899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58901,58902,58943,58967,58971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58903,58904,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58905,58906],{"class":65},"votes ",[56,58908,1217],{"class":827},[56,58910,1220],{"class":76},[56,58912,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58914,9189],{"class":1020},[56,58916,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58918,306],{"class":76},[56,58920,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58922,9128],{"class":1020},[56,58924,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58926,306],{"class":76},[56,58928,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58930,9189],{"class":1020},[56,58932,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58934,306],{"class":76},[56,58936,1231],{"class":1016},[56,58938,9189],{"class":1020},[56,58940,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58942,427],{"class":76},[56,58944,58945,58948,58950,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,58946,58947],{"class":65},"yes_votes ",[56,58949,1217],{"class":827},[56,58951,58952],{"class":65}," votes",[56,58954,156],{"class":76},[56,58956,41770],{"class":95},[56,58958,77],{"class":76},[56,58960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58962,9189],{"class":1020},[56,58964,1017],{"class":1016},[56,58966,99],{"class":76},[56,58968,58969],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58970,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,58972,58973,58975,58977,58980],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,58974,373],{"class":72},[56,58976,77],{"class":76},[56,58978,58979],{"class":95},"yes_votes",[56,58981,99],{"class":76},[20,58983,58984,58986],{},[15,58985,57790],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58988,58989,58990,4935,58992,156],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[264,58991,53273],{"href":51480},[264,58993,58995],{"href":58994},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[42,58997,3374],{"id":3373},[20,58999,8977,59000,156],{},[15,59001,57795],{},[353,59003,59005],{"id":59004},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,59007,59008,59010],{},[15,59009,57795],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[47,59012,59014],{"className":49,"code":59013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,59015,59016,59049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59017,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59019,4610],{"class":65},[56,59021,1217],{"class":827},[56,59023,1220],{"class":76},[56,59025,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59027,59028],{"class":1020},"apple pie",[56,59030,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59032,306],{"class":76},[56,59034,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59036,4628],{"class":1020},[56,59038,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59040,306],{"class":76},[56,59042,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59044,59028],{"class":1020},[56,59046,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59048,427],{"class":76},[56,59050,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59052,373],{"class":72},[56,59054,77],{"class":76},[56,59056,4654],{"class":95},[56,59058,156],{"class":76},[56,59060,41770],{"class":95},[56,59062,77],{"class":76},[56,59064,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59066,4619],{"class":1020},[56,59068,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59070,5901],{"class":76},[56,59072,51748],{"class":112},[20,59074,3033,59075,2363],{},[15,59076,152],{},[20,59078,29592,59079,59081,59082,156],{},[15,59080,58333],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59083,59084],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59086,59087,59088,156],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59089,59090],{},"str.count()",[353,59092,8983,59094,8986,59096,3422,59098],{"id":59093},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59095,57790],{},[15,59097,4146],{},[15,59099,4215],{},[20,59101,59102,59104],{},[15,59103,57790],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[47,59106,59108],{"className":49,"code":59107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59109,59110,59134],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59111,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59113,1594],{"class":65},[56,59115,1217],{"class":827},[56,59117,1220],{"class":76},[56,59119,529],{"class":80},[56,59121,306],{"class":76},[56,59123,414],{"class":80},[56,59125,306],{"class":76},[56,59127,414],{"class":80},[56,59129,306],{"class":76},[56,59131,419],{"class":80},[56,59133,427],{"class":76},[56,59135,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59137,373],{"class":72},[56,59139,77],{"class":76},[56,59141,1618],{"class":95},[56,59143,156],{"class":76},[56,59145,41770],{"class":95},[56,59147,77],{"class":76},[56,59149,463],{"class":80},[56,59151,5901],{"class":76},[56,59153,51916],{"class":112},[20,59155,59156],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[47,59158,59160],{"className":49,"code":59159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59161,59162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59163,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59165,373],{"class":72},[56,59167,77],{"class":76},[56,59169,463],{"class":80},[56,59171,21709],{"class":62},[56,59173,4804],{"class":95},[56,59175,4202],{"class":76},[56,59177,4205],{"class":112},[353,59179,59181],{"id":59180},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[47,59183,59185],{"className":49,"code":59184,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59186,59187,59220],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59188,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213,59216,59218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59190,5534],{"class":65},[56,59192,1217],{"class":827},[56,59194,1220],{"class":76},[56,59196,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59198,8210],{"class":1020},[56,59200,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59202,306],{"class":76},[56,59204,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59206,20753],{"class":1020},[56,59208,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59210,306],{"class":76},[56,59212,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59214,59215],{"class":1020},"SAM",[56,59217,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59219,427],{"class":76},[56,59221,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59223,373],{"class":72},[56,59225,77],{"class":76},[56,59227,5578],{"class":95},[56,59229,156],{"class":76},[56,59231,41770],{"class":95},[56,59233,77],{"class":76},[56,59235,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59237,20753],{"class":1020},[56,59239,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59241,5901],{"class":76},[56,59243,28310],{"class":112},[20,59245,59246,59247,59250],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59248,59249],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[353,59252,30179,59254,34077],{"id":59253},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59255,57790],{},[20,59257,59258],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[47,59260,59262],{"className":49,"code":59261,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59263,59264,59274,59288,59306,59320,59332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59265,59266,59268,59270,59272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59267,373],{"class":72},[56,59269,77],{"class":76},[56,59271,8870],{"class":95},[56,59273,99],{"class":76},[56,59275,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59277,373],{"class":72},[56,59279,77],{"class":76},[56,59281,2312],{"class":378},[56,59283,77],{"class":76},[56,59285,8870],{"class":95},[56,59287,1635],{"class":76},[56,59289,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59291,373],{"class":72},[56,59293,77],{"class":76},[56,59295,8870],{"class":95},[56,59297,156],{"class":76},[56,59299,41770],{"class":95},[56,59301,77],{"class":76},[56,59303,3017],{"class":95},[56,59305,1635],{"class":76},[56,59307,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,59309,373],{"class":72},[56,59311,77],{"class":76},[56,59313,2992],{"class":95},[56,59315,69],{"class":62},[56,59317,8926],{"class":95},[56,59319,99],{"class":76},[56,59321,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,59323,31],{"class":62},[56,59325,1383],{"class":65},[56,59327,69],{"class":62},[56,59329,8926],{"class":65},[56,59331,1390],{"class":76},[56,59333,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,59335,90],{"class":72},[56,59337,77],{"class":76},[56,59339,42290],{"class":72},[56,59341,77],{"class":76},[56,59343,1399],{"class":95},[56,59345,1635],{"class":76},[20,59347,59348],{},"These checks can help you see:",[173,59350,59351,59354,59357],{},[176,59352,59353],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[176,59355,59356],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[176,59358,59359],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59361,59362],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[173,59364,59365,59370,59373,59380],{},[176,59366,50995,59367,59369],{},[15,59368,57790],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[176,59371,59372],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[176,59374,11639,59375,59377,59378],{},[15,59376,57795],{}," with string ",[15,59379,57790],{},[176,59381,59382],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[42,59384,2343],{"id":2342},[353,59386,2347,59388,59390],{"id":59387},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59389,57795],{}," change the list?",[20,59392,59393],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[353,59395,59397],{"id":59396},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59399,12445,59400,156],{},[15,59401,152],{},[353,59403,2372,59405,59407],{"id":59404},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59406,57795],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59409,59410],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[353,59412,2385,59414,59416],{"id":59413},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59415,57795],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59418,42661,59419,4935,59421,59423],{},[15,59420,58336],{},[15,59422,58333],{}," are different values.",[353,59425,2357,59427,59429,59430,2363],{"id":59426},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59428,4146],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59431,529],{},[20,59433,9317,59434,59436,59437,4935,59439,59436,59441,156],{},[15,59435,4146],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59438,529],{},[15,59440,4215],{},[15,59442,152],{},[42,59444,2417],{"id":2416},[173,59446,59447,59451,59457,59461,59469,59476],{},[176,59448,59449],{},[264,59450,53273],{"href":51480},[176,59452,59453],{},[264,59454,59456],{"href":59455},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[176,59458,59459],{},[264,59460,7467],{"href":6732},[176,59462,59463],{},[264,59464,56019,59466,11273],{"href":59465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59467,59468],{},"index()",[176,59470,59471],{},[264,59472,13,59474],{"href":59473},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59475,1331],{},[176,59477,59478],{},[264,59479,59480],{"href":58994},"What is a list in Python",[2451,59482,59483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":59485},[59486,59487,59489,59490,59491,59497,59503,59505,59513,59524],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":57887,"depth":87,"text":59488},"What list.count() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":38531,"depth":87,"text":38532},{"id":58209,"depth":87,"text":58210,"children":59492},[59493,59494,59496],{"id":58241,"depth":102,"text":58242},{"id":58340,"depth":102,"text":59495},"1 and True can match",{"id":58439,"depth":102,"text":58440},{"id":58517,"depth":87,"text":58518,"children":59498},[59499,59500,59501,59502],{"id":58521,"depth":102,"text":58522},{"id":58600,"depth":102,"text":58601},{"id":58697,"depth":102,"text":58698},{"id":58772,"depth":102,"text":58773},{"id":58873,"depth":87,"text":59504},"When to use count()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":59506},[59507,59508,59510,59511],{"id":59004,"depth":102,"text":59005},{"id":59093,"depth":102,"text":59509},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59180,"depth":102,"text":59181},{"id":59253,"depth":102,"text":59512},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":59514},[59515,59517,59518,59520,59522],{"id":59387,"depth":102,"text":59516},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59396,"depth":102,"text":59397},{"id":59404,"depth":102,"text":59519},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59413,"depth":102,"text":59521},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59426,"depth":102,"text":59523},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57782,"description":59525},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59532,"title":59533,"body":59534,"description":61495,"extension":2509,"meta":61496,"navigation":105,"path":61497,"seo":61498,"stem":61499,"__hash__":61500},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59535,"toc":61458},[59536,59539,59542,59544,59672,59676,59757,59768,59770,59789,59793,59796,59799,59817,59819,59862,59866,59891,59900,59904,59909,59912,60029,60033,60102,60106,60118,60122,60125,60166,60170,60183,60186,60271,60275,60308,60315,60321,60326,60328,60340,60344,60377,60381,60413,60417,60454,60458,60478,60482,60515,60519,60547,60558,60562,60565,60568,60581,60638,60642,60681,60687,60690,60692,60695,60699,60702,60727,60729,60754,60761,60764,60809,60813,60832,60835,60874,60881,60886,60920,60924,61025,61032,61065,61069,61095,61099,61102,61140,61143,61180,61184,61187,61206,61210,61271,61273,61291,61295,61298,61301,61330,61332,61336,61339,61347,61351,61354,61374,61380,61386,61390,61393,61400,61408,61410,61449,61455],[10,59537,59533],{"id":59538},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59540,59541],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[42,59543,4151],{"id":4150},[47,59545,59547],{"className":49,"code":59546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59548,59549,59569,59601,59609,59627,59631,59641,59651,59662],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59550,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59552,1594],{"class":65},[56,59554,1217],{"class":827},[56,59556,1220],{"class":76},[56,59558,529],{"class":80},[56,59560,306],{"class":76},[56,59562,414],{"class":80},[56,59564,306],{"class":76},[56,59566,419],{"class":80},[56,59568,427],{"class":76},[56,59570,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59572,5534],{"class":65},[56,59574,1217],{"class":827},[56,59576,1220],{"class":76},[56,59578,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59580,13414],{"class":1020},[56,59582,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59584,306],{"class":76},[56,59586,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59588,36467],{"class":1020},[56,59590,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59592,306],{"class":76},[56,59594,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59596,36476],{"class":1020},[56,59598,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59600,427],{"class":76},[56,59602,59603,59605,59607],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59604,56430],{"class":65},[56,59606,1217],{"class":827},[56,59608,8371],{"class":76},[56,59610,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,59612,36614],{"class":65},[56,59614,1217],{"class":827},[56,59616,23096],{"class":378},[56,59618,77],{"class":76},[56,59620,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59622,42071],{"class":1020},[56,59624,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59626,99],{"class":76},[56,59628,59629],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,59630,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,59632,59633,59635,59637,59639],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,59634,373],{"class":72},[56,59636,77],{"class":76},[56,59638,1618],{"class":95},[56,59640,99],{"class":76},[56,59642,59643,59645,59647,59649],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,59644,373],{"class":72},[56,59646,77],{"class":76},[56,59648,5578],{"class":95},[56,59650,99],{"class":76},[56,59652,59653,59655,59657,59660],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,59654,373],{"class":72},[56,59656,77],{"class":76},[56,59658,59659],{"class":95},"empty_list",[56,59661,99],{"class":76},[56,59663,59664,59666,59668,59670],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,59665,373],{"class":72},[56,59667,77],{"class":76},[56,59669,36666],{"class":95},[56,59671,99],{"class":76},[20,59673,59674],{},[37,59675,239],{},[47,59677,59679],{"className":49,"code":59678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59680,59681,59697,59725,59729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59682,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59684,402],{"class":76},[56,59686,529],{"class":80},[56,59688,306],{"class":76},[56,59690,414],{"class":80},[56,59692,306],{"class":76},[56,59694,419],{"class":80},[56,59696,427],{"class":76},[56,59698,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59700,402],{"class":76},[56,59702,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59704,13414],{"class":1020},[56,59706,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59708,306],{"class":76},[56,59710,3839],{"class":1016},[56,59712,36467],{"class":1020},[56,59714,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59716,306],{"class":76},[56,59718,3839],{"class":1016},[56,59720,36476],{"class":1020},[56,59722,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59724,427],{"class":76},[56,59726,59727],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59728,907],{"class":76},[56,59730,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,59732,402],{"class":76},[56,59734,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59736,264],{"class":1020},[56,59738,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59740,306],{"class":76},[56,59742,3839],{"class":1016},[56,59744,1234],{"class":1020},[56,59746,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59748,306],{"class":76},[56,59750,3839],{"class":1016},[56,59752,1243],{"class":1020},[56,59754,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59756,427],{"class":76},[20,59758,59759,59760,59762,59763,59765,59766,156],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59761,4328],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59764,1518],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59767,17],{},[42,59769,15697],{"id":15696},[173,59771,59772,59775,59778,59781,59786],{},[176,59773,59774],{},"What a list is in Python",[176,59776,59777],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[176,59779,59780],{},"How to create an empty list",[176,59782,59783,59784,2848],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59785,1518],{},[176,59787,59788],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[42,59790,59792],{"id":59791},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59794,59795],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59797,59798],{},"This means:",[173,59800,59801,59804,59807,59810],{},[176,59802,59803],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[176,59805,59806],{},"The order of items is kept",[176,59808,59809],{},"A list can hold different data types",[176,59811,59812,59813,59816],{},"A list is ",[37,59814,59815],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59818,986],{},[47,59820,59822],{"className":49,"code":59821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59823,59824,59848,59852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59825,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59827,1214],{"class":65},[56,59829,1217],{"class":827},[56,59831,1220],{"class":76},[56,59833,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59835,4619],{"class":1020},[56,59837,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59839,306],{"class":76},[56,59841,534],{"class":80},[56,59843,306],{"class":76},[56,59845,4455],{"class":4393},[56,59847,427],{"class":76},[56,59849,59850],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59851,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,59853,59854,59856,59858,59860],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59855,373],{"class":72},[56,59857,77],{"class":76},[56,59859,1271],{"class":95},[56,59861,99],{"class":76},[20,59863,59864],{},[37,59865,239],{},[47,59867,59869],{"className":49,"code":59868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59870,59871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59872,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59874,402],{"class":76},[56,59876,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59878,4619],{"class":1020},[56,59880,3844],{"class":1016},[56,59882,306],{"class":76},[56,59884,534],{"class":80},[56,59886,306],{"class":76},[56,59888,4455],{"class":4393},[56,59890,427],{"class":76},[20,59892,59893,59894,3422,59897,156],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[264,59895,59896],{"href":51480},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[264,59898,59899],{"href":58994},"What is a List in Python?",[42,59901,59903],{"id":59902},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59905,59759,59906,59908],{},[15,59907,4328],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59910,59911],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[47,59913,59915],{"className":49,"code":59914,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59916,59917,59937,59969,59994,59998,60008,60018],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59918,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59920,1594],{"class":65},[56,59922,1217],{"class":827},[56,59924,1220],{"class":76},[56,59926,529],{"class":80},[56,59928,306],{"class":76},[56,59930,414],{"class":80},[56,59932,306],{"class":76},[56,59934,419],{"class":80},[56,59936,427],{"class":76},[56,59938,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961,59963,59965,59967],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,59940,5534],{"class":65},[56,59942,1217],{"class":827},[56,59944,1220],{"class":76},[56,59946,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59948,13414],{"class":1020},[56,59950,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59952,306],{"class":76},[56,59954,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59956,36467],{"class":1020},[56,59958,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59960,306],{"class":76},[56,59962,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59964,36476],{"class":1020},[56,59966,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59968,427],{"class":76},[56,59970,59971,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59972,59973],{"class":65},"mixed ",[56,59975,1217],{"class":827},[56,59977,1220],{"class":76},[56,59979,2291],{"class":80},[56,59981,306],{"class":76},[56,59983,1231],{"class":1016},[56,59985,4386],{"class":1020},[56,59987,1017],{"class":1016},[56,59989,306],{"class":76},[56,59991,4446],{"class":4393},[56,59993,427],{"class":76},[56,59995,59996],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,59997,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,59999,60000,60002,60004,60006],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,60001,373],{"class":72},[56,60003,77],{"class":76},[56,60005,1618],{"class":95},[56,60007,99],{"class":76},[56,60009,60010,60012,60014,60016],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,60011,373],{"class":72},[56,60013,77],{"class":76},[56,60015,5578],{"class":95},[56,60017,99],{"class":76},[56,60019,60020,60022,60024,60027],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,60021,373],{"class":72},[56,60023,77],{"class":76},[56,60025,60026],{"class":95},"mixed",[56,60028,99],{"class":76},[20,60030,60031],{},[37,60032,239],{},[47,60034,60036],{"className":49,"code":60035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,60037,60038,60054,60082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60039,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60041,402],{"class":76},[56,60043,529],{"class":80},[56,60045,306],{"class":76},[56,60047,414],{"class":80},[56,60049,306],{"class":76},[56,60051,419],{"class":80},[56,60053,427],{"class":76},[56,60055,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60057,402],{"class":76},[56,60059,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60061,13414],{"class":1020},[56,60063,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60065,306],{"class":76},[56,60067,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60069,36467],{"class":1020},[56,60071,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60073,306],{"class":76},[56,60075,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60077,36476],{"class":1020},[56,60079,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60081,427],{"class":76},[56,60083,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60085,402],{"class":76},[56,60087,2291],{"class":80},[56,60089,306],{"class":76},[56,60091,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60093,4386],{"class":1020},[56,60095,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60097,306],{"class":76},[56,60099,4446],{"class":4393},[56,60101,427],{"class":76},[353,60103,60105],{"id":60104},"key-points","Key points",[173,60107,60108,60113,60115],{},[176,60109,2638,60110,60112],{},[15,60111,4328],{}," to make a new list",[176,60114,15967],{},[176,60116,60117],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[42,60119,60121],{"id":60120},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60123,60124],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[47,60126,60128],{"className":49,"code":60127,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60129,60130,60138,60142,60152],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60131,60132,60134,60136],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60133,8839],{"class":65},[56,60135,1217],{"class":827},[56,60137,8371],{"class":76},[56,60139,60140],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60141,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,60143,60144,60146,60148,60150],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60145,373],{"class":72},[56,60147,77],{"class":76},[56,60149,8870],{"class":95},[56,60151,99],{"class":76},[56,60153,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,60155,373],{"class":72},[56,60157,77],{"class":76},[56,60159,1266],{"class":72},[56,60161,77],{"class":76},[56,60163,8870],{"class":95},[56,60165,1635],{"class":76},[20,60167,60168],{},[37,60169,239],{},[47,60171,60173],{"className":49,"code":60172,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[]\n0\n",[15,60174,60175,60179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60176,60177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60178,907],{"class":76},[56,60180,60181],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60182,249],{"class":80},[20,60184,60185],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[47,60187,60189],{"className":49,"code":60188,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60190,60191,60199,60203,60221,60239,60257,60261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60192,60193,60195,60197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60194,5534],{"class":65},[56,60196,1217],{"class":827},[56,60198,8371],{"class":76},[56,60200,60201],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60202,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,60204,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60206,5578],{"class":65},[56,60208,156],{"class":76},[56,60210,14087],{"class":95},[56,60212,77],{"class":76},[56,60214,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60216,13414],{"class":1020},[56,60218,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60220,99],{"class":76},[56,60222,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,60224,5578],{"class":65},[56,60226,156],{"class":76},[56,60228,14087],{"class":95},[56,60230,77],{"class":76},[56,60232,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60234,36467],{"class":1020},[56,60236,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60238,99],{"class":76},[56,60240,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,60242,5578],{"class":65},[56,60244,156],{"class":76},[56,60246,14087],{"class":95},[56,60248,77],{"class":76},[56,60250,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60252,36476],{"class":1020},[56,60254,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60256,99],{"class":76},[56,60258,60259],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,60260,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,60262,60263,60265,60267,60269],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,60264,373],{"class":72},[56,60266,77],{"class":76},[56,60268,5578],{"class":95},[56,60270,99],{"class":76},[20,60272,60273],{},[37,60274,239],{},[47,60276,60278],{"className":49,"code":60277,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60279,60280],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60281,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60283,402],{"class":76},[56,60285,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60287,13414],{"class":1020},[56,60289,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60291,306],{"class":76},[56,60293,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60295,36467],{"class":1020},[56,60297,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60299,306],{"class":76},[56,60301,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60303,36476],{"class":1020},[56,60305,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60307,427],{"class":76},[20,60309,60310,60311,156],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[264,60312,60313,11273],{"href":57268},[15,60314,53154],{},[42,60316,60318,60319],{"id":60317},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60320,1518],{},[20,60322,2638,60323,60325],{},[15,60324,1518],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60327,5997],{},[173,60329,60330,60332,60334,60336],{},[176,60331,5848],{},[176,60333,5842],{},[176,60335,5845],{},[176,60337,60338],{},[15,60339,17],{},[353,60341,60343],{"id":60342},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[47,60345,60347],{"className":49,"code":60346,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60348,60349,60367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60350,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60352,36614],{"class":65},[56,60354,1217],{"class":827},[56,60356,23096],{"class":378},[56,60358,77],{"class":76},[56,60360,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60362,42071],{"class":1020},[56,60364,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60366,99],{"class":76},[56,60368,60369,60371,60373,60375],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60370,373],{"class":72},[56,60372,77],{"class":76},[56,60374,36666],{"class":95},[56,60376,99],{"class":76},[20,60378,60379],{},[37,60380,239],{},[47,60382,60383],{"className":49,"code":43382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,60384,60385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60386,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60388,402],{"class":76},[56,60390,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60392,264],{"class":1020},[56,60394,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60396,306],{"class":76},[56,60398,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60400,1234],{"class":1020},[56,60402,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60404,306],{"class":76},[56,60406,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60408,1243],{"class":1020},[56,60410,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60412,427],{"class":76},[353,60414,60416],{"id":60415},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[47,60418,60420],{"className":49,"code":60419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60421,60422,60444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60423,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60425,1594],{"class":65},[56,60427,1217],{"class":827},[56,60429,23096],{"class":378},[56,60431,6049],{"class":76},[56,60433,529],{"class":80},[56,60435,306],{"class":76},[56,60437,414],{"class":80},[56,60439,306],{"class":76},[56,60441,419],{"class":80},[56,60443,1635],{"class":76},[56,60445,60446,60448,60450,60452],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60447,373],{"class":72},[56,60449,77],{"class":76},[56,60451,1618],{"class":95},[56,60453,99],{"class":76},[20,60455,60456],{},[37,60457,239],{},[47,60459,60460],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,60461,60462],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60463,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60465,402],{"class":76},[56,60467,529],{"class":80},[56,60469,306],{"class":76},[56,60471,414],{"class":80},[56,60473,306],{"class":76},[56,60475,419],{"class":80},[56,60477,427],{"class":76},[353,60479,60481],{"id":60480},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[47,60483,60485],{"className":49,"code":60484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60486,60487,60505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60488,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60490,4364],{"class":65},[56,60492,1217],{"class":827},[56,60494,23096],{"class":378},[56,60496,77],{"class":76},[56,60498,198],{"class":72},[56,60500,77],{"class":76},[56,60502,81],{"class":80},[56,60504,1635],{"class":76},[56,60506,60507,60509,60511,60513],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60508,373],{"class":72},[56,60510,77],{"class":76},[56,60512,5898],{"class":95},[56,60514,99],{"class":76},[20,60516,60517],{},[37,60518,239],{},[47,60520,60521],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,60522,60523],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60524,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60526,402],{"class":76},[56,60528,152],{"class":80},[56,60530,306],{"class":76},[56,60532,409],{"class":80},[56,60534,306],{"class":76},[56,60536,414],{"class":80},[56,60538,306],{"class":76},[56,60540,419],{"class":80},[56,60542,306],{"class":76},[56,60544,424],{"class":80},[56,60546,427],{"class":76},[20,60548,60549,60551,60552,156],{},[15,60550,1518],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[264,60553,60555,60557],{"href":60554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60556,1518],{},": Function Explained",[42,60559,60561],{"id":60560},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60563,60564],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60566,60567],{},"Examples include:",[173,60569,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578],{},[176,60571,5848],{},[176,60573,40935],{},[176,60575,52547],{},[176,60577,41105],{},[176,60579,60580],{},"other lists",[47,60582,60584],{"className":49,"code":60583,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60585,60586,60624,60628],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60587,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60589,9697],{"class":65},[56,60591,1217],{"class":827},[56,60593,1220],{"class":76},[56,60595,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60597,13414],{"class":1020},[56,60599,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60601,306],{"class":76},[56,60603,9838],{"class":80},[56,60605,306],{"class":76},[56,60607,4455],{"class":4393},[56,60609,306],{"class":76},[56,60611,1220],{"class":76},[56,60613,529],{"class":80},[56,60615,306],{"class":76},[56,60617,414],{"class":80},[56,60619,306],{"class":76},[56,60621,419],{"class":80},[56,60623,53744],{"class":76},[56,60625,60626],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60627,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,60629,60630,60632,60634,60636],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60631,373],{"class":72},[56,60633,77],{"class":76},[56,60635,9736],{"class":95},[56,60637,99],{"class":76},[20,60639,60640],{},[37,60641,239],{},[47,60643,60645],{"className":49,"code":60644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60646,60647],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60648,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675,60677,60679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60650,402],{"class":76},[56,60652,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60654,13414],{"class":1020},[56,60656,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60658,306],{"class":76},[56,60660,9838],{"class":80},[56,60662,306],{"class":76},[56,60664,4455],{"class":4393},[56,60666,306],{"class":76},[56,60668,1220],{"class":76},[56,60670,529],{"class":80},[56,60672,306],{"class":76},[56,60674,414],{"class":80},[56,60676,306],{"class":76},[56,60678,419],{"class":80},[56,60680,53744],{"class":76},[20,60682,60683,60684,156],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[37,60685,60686],{},"nested list",[20,60688,60689],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[42,60691,1690],{"id":1689},[20,60693,60694],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[353,60696,60698],{"id":60697},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60700,60701],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[47,60703,60705],{"className":49,"code":60704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60706,60707,60711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60708,60709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60710,5076],{"class":112},[56,60712,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60714,1594],{"class":65},[56,60716,1217],{"class":827},[56,60718,1220],{"class":76},[56,60720,529],{"class":80},[56,60722,414],{"class":80},[56,60724,419],{"class":80},[56,60726,427],{"class":76},[20,60728,1937],{},[47,60730,60732],{"className":49,"code":60731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60733,60734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60735,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60737,1594],{"class":65},[56,60739,1217],{"class":827},[56,60741,1220],{"class":76},[56,60743,529],{"class":80},[56,60745,306],{"class":76},[56,60747,414],{"class":80},[56,60749,306],{"class":76},[56,60751,419],{"class":80},[56,60753,427],{"class":76},[353,60755,958,60757,11624,60759],{"id":60756},"using-instead-of",[15,60758,7898],{},[15,60760,4328],{},[20,60762,60763],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[47,60765,60767],{"className":49,"code":60766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60768,60769,60790,60794],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60770,60771,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60772,60773],{"class":65},"my_values ",[56,60775,1217],{"class":827},[56,60777,9768],{"class":76},[56,60779,529],{"class":80},[56,60781,306],{"class":76},[56,60783,414],{"class":80},[56,60785,306],{"class":76},[56,60787,419],{"class":80},[56,60789,99],{"class":76},[56,60791,60792],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60793,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,60795,60796,60798,60800,60802,60804,60807],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60797,373],{"class":72},[56,60799,77],{"class":76},[56,60801,2312],{"class":378},[56,60803,77],{"class":76},[56,60805,60806],{"class":95},"my_values",[56,60808,1635],{"class":76},[20,60810,60811],{},[37,60812,239],{},[47,60814,60816],{"className":49,"code":60815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60817,60818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60819,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60821,3833],{"class":827},[56,60823,3836],{"class":2610},[56,60825,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60827,49456],{"class":1020},[56,60829,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60831,3847],{"class":827},[20,60833,60834],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[47,60836,60838],{"className":49,"code":60837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60839,60840,60860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60841,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60843,60773],{"class":65},[56,60845,1217],{"class":827},[56,60847,1220],{"class":76},[56,60849,529],{"class":80},[56,60851,306],{"class":76},[56,60853,414],{"class":80},[56,60855,306],{"class":76},[56,60857,419],{"class":80},[56,60859,427],{"class":76},[56,60861,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60863,373],{"class":72},[56,60865,77],{"class":76},[56,60867,2312],{"class":378},[56,60869,77],{"class":76},[56,60871,60806],{"class":95},[56,60873,1635],{"class":76},[353,60875,8983,60877,60880],{"id":60876},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60878,60879],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60882,60883,60885],{},[15,60884,1518],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[47,60887,60889],{"className":49,"code":60888,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60890,60891,60910],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60892,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60906,60908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60894,2775],{"class":65},[56,60896,1217],{"class":827},[56,60898,23096],{"class":378},[56,60900,77],{"class":76},[56,60902,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60904,60905],{"class":1020},"hello world",[56,60907,1017],{"class":1016},[56,60909,99],{"class":76},[56,60911,60912,60914,60916,60918],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,60913,373],{"class":72},[56,60915,77],{"class":76},[56,60917,2809],{"class":95},[56,60919,99],{"class":76},[20,60921,60922],{},[37,60923,239],{},[47,60925,60927],{"className":49,"code":60926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60928,60929],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60930,60931,60933,60935,60938,60940,60942,60944,60947,60949,60951,60953,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964,60966,60968,60970,60973,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983,60985,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61005,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60932,402],{"class":76},[56,60934,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60936,60937],{"class":1020},"h",[56,60939,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60941,306],{"class":76},[56,60943,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60945,60946],{"class":1020},"e",[56,60948,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60950,306],{"class":76},[56,60952,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60954,60955],{"class":1020},"l",[56,60957,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60959,306],{"class":76},[56,60961,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60963,60955],{"class":1020},[56,60965,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60967,306],{"class":76},[56,60969,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60971,60972],{"class":1020},"o",[56,60974,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60976,306],{"class":76},[56,60978,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60980,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60982,306],{"class":76},[56,60984,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60986,60987],{"class":1020},"w",[56,60989,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60991,306],{"class":76},[56,60993,3839],{"class":1016},[56,60995,60972],{"class":1020},[56,60997,3844],{"class":1016},[56,60999,306],{"class":76},[56,61001,3839],{"class":1016},[56,61003,61004],{"class":1020},"r",[56,61006,3844],{"class":1016},[56,61008,306],{"class":76},[56,61010,3839],{"class":1016},[56,61012,60955],{"class":1020},[56,61014,3844],{"class":1016},[56,61016,306],{"class":76},[56,61018,3839],{"class":1016},[56,61020,19303],{"class":1020},[56,61022,3844],{"class":1016},[56,61024,427],{"class":76},[20,61026,61027,61028,61031],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,61029,61030],{},"split()"," instead:",[47,61033,61035],{"className":49,"code":61034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,61036,61037,61055],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61038,61039,61041,61043,61045,61047,61049,61051,61053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61040,4610],{"class":65},[56,61042,1217],{"class":827},[56,61044,1231],{"class":1016},[56,61046,60905],{"class":1020},[56,61048,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61050,156],{"class":76},[56,61052,34998],{"class":95},[56,61054,9174],{"class":76},[56,61056,61057,61059,61061,61063],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,61058,373],{"class":72},[56,61060,77],{"class":76},[56,61062,4654],{"class":95},[56,61064,99],{"class":76},[20,61066,61067],{},[37,61068,239],{},[47,61070,61072],{"className":49,"code":61071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61073,61074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61075,61076,61078,61080,61082,61084,61086,61088,61091,61093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61077,402],{"class":76},[56,61079,3844],{"class":1016},[56,61081,4386],{"class":1020},[56,61083,3844],{"class":1016},[56,61085,306],{"class":76},[56,61087,3839],{"class":1016},[56,61089,61090],{"class":1020},"world",[56,61092,3844],{"class":1016},[56,61094,427],{"class":76},[353,61096,61098],{"id":61097},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61100,61101],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[47,61103,61105],{"className":49,"code":61104,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61106,61107,61111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61108,61109],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61110,5076],{"class":112},[56,61112,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127,61129,61132,61134,61136,61138],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,61114,5534],{"class":65},[56,61116,1217],{"class":827},[56,61118,1220],{"class":76},[56,61120,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61122,13414],{"class":1020},[56,61124,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61126,306],{"class":76},[56,61128,1231],{"class":1016},[56,61130,61131],{"class":1020},"Ben', ",[56,61133,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61135,36476],{"class":65},[56,61137,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61139,427],{"class":1020},[20,61141,61142],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[47,61144,61146],{"className":49,"code":61145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61147,61148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61149,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61151,5534],{"class":65},[56,61153,1217],{"class":827},[56,61155,1220],{"class":76},[56,61157,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61159,13414],{"class":1020},[56,61161,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61163,306],{"class":76},[56,61165,1231],{"class":1016},[56,61167,36467],{"class":1020},[56,61169,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61171,306],{"class":76},[56,61173,1231],{"class":1016},[56,61175,36476],{"class":1020},[56,61177,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61179,427],{"class":76},[353,61181,61183],{"id":61182},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61185,61186],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[173,61188,61189,61192,61195,61200],{},[176,61190,61191],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[176,61193,61194],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[176,61196,61197,61198],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61199,1518],{},[176,61201,8983,61202,61205],{},[15,61203,61204],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[353,61207,61209],{"id":61208},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[47,61211,61213],{"className":49,"code":61212,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61214,61215,61225,61239,61253],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61216,61217,61219,61221,61223],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61218,373],{"class":72},[56,61220,77],{"class":76},[56,61222,8870],{"class":95},[56,61224,99],{"class":76},[56,61226,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,61228,373],{"class":72},[56,61230,77],{"class":76},[56,61232,2312],{"class":378},[56,61234,77],{"class":76},[56,61236,8870],{"class":95},[56,61238,1635],{"class":76},[56,61240,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61242,373],{"class":72},[56,61244,77],{"class":76},[56,61246,1266],{"class":72},[56,61248,77],{"class":76},[56,61250,8870],{"class":95},[56,61252,1635],{"class":76},[56,61254,61255,61257,61259,61261,61263,61265,61267,61269],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,61256,373],{"class":72},[56,61258,77],{"class":76},[56,61260,379],{"class":378},[56,61262,77],{"class":76},[56,61264,198],{"class":72},[56,61266,77],{"class":76},[56,61268,81],{"class":80},[56,61270,390],{"class":76},[20,61272,2325],{},[173,61274,61275,61278,61281,61284],{},[176,61276,61277],{},"what the list contains",[176,61279,61280],{},"whether the value is really a list",[176,61282,61283],{},"how many items it has",[176,61285,26551,61286,61288,61289],{},[15,61287,1518],{}," does with ",[15,61290,17],{},[42,61292,61294],{"id":61293},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61296,61297],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61299,61300],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[173,61302,61303,61318,61323],{},[176,61304,2638,61305,2735,61309,17607,61313,61317],{},[264,61306,61307],{"href":57268},[15,61308,53154],{},[264,61310,61311],{"href":53846},[15,61312,53948],{},[264,61314,61315],{"href":54409},[15,61316,54767],{}," to add items later",[176,61319,2638,61320,61322],{},[264,61321,59896],{"href":51480}," for a broader introduction",[176,61324,2638,61325,61329],{},[264,61326,61327,60557],{"href":60554},[15,61328,1518],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[42,61331,2343],{"id":2342},[353,61333,61335],{"id":61334},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61337,61338],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[47,61340,61341],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,61342,61343],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61344,61345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61346,907],{"class":76},[353,61348,61350],{"id":61349},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61352,61353],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[47,61355,61356],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,61357,61358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61359,61360,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61361,402],{"class":76},[56,61363,529],{"class":80},[56,61365,306],{"class":76},[56,61367,414],{"class":80},[56,61369,306],{"class":76},[56,61371,419],{"class":80},[56,61373,427],{"class":76},[353,61375,5682,61377,61379],{"id":61376},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61378,1518],{}," do in Python?",[20,61381,61382,61383,61385],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61384,17],{},", into a list.",[353,61387,61389],{"id":61388},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61391,61392],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[353,61394,5718,61396,4935,61398,2363],{"id":61395},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61397,4328],{},[15,61399,7898],{},[20,61401,61402,61404,61405,61407],{},[15,61403,4328],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61406,7898],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[42,61409,2417],{"id":2416},[173,61411,61412,61416,61422,61428,61434,61440,61444],{},[176,61413,61414],{},[264,61415,59896],{"href":51480},[176,61417,61418],{},[264,61419,56019,61420,11854],{"href":57268},[15,61421,53154],{},[176,61423,61424],{},[264,61425,56019,61426,11854],{"href":53846},[15,61427,53948],{},[176,61429,61430],{},[264,61431,56019,61432,11854],{"href":54409},[15,61433,54767],{},[176,61435,61436],{},[264,61437,13,61438,18],{"href":60554},[15,61439,1518],{},[176,61441,61442],{},[264,61443,59899],{"href":58994},[176,61445,61446],{},[264,61447,61448],{"href":12599},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61450,61451,61452,61454],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61453,53154],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2451,61456,61457],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":61459},[61460,61461,61462,61463,61466,61467,61473,61474,61484,61485,61494],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":15696,"depth":87,"text":15697},{"id":59791,"depth":87,"text":59792},{"id":59902,"depth":87,"text":59903,"children":61464},[61465],{"id":60104,"depth":102,"text":60105},{"id":60120,"depth":87,"text":60121},{"id":60317,"depth":87,"text":61468,"children":61469},"Create a list with list()",[61470,61471,61472],{"id":60342,"depth":102,"text":60343},{"id":60415,"depth":102,"text":60416},{"id":60480,"depth":102,"text":60481},{"id":60560,"depth":87,"text":60561},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":61475},[61476,61477,61479,61481,61482,61483],{"id":60697,"depth":102,"text":60698},{"id":60756,"depth":102,"text":61478},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60876,"depth":102,"text":61480},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61097,"depth":102,"text":61098},{"id":61182,"depth":102,"text":61183},{"id":61208,"depth":102,"text":61209},{"id":61293,"depth":87,"text":61294},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":61486},[61487,61488,61489,61491,61492],{"id":61334,"depth":102,"text":61335},{"id":61349,"depth":102,"text":61350},{"id":61376,"depth":102,"text":61490},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61388,"depth":102,"text":61389},{"id":61395,"depth":102,"text":61493},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59533,"description":61495},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61502,"title":61503,"body":61504,"description":63244,"extension":2509,"meta":63245,"navigation":105,"path":63246,"seo":63247,"stem":63248,"__hash__":63249},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61505,"toc":63199},[61506,61511,61516,61519,61521,61592,61597,61602,61606,61620,61625,61627,61647,61652,61655,61678,61682,61687,61779,61781,61802,61808,61814,61821,61828,61834,61891,61897,61955,61957,61969,61977,61983,61988,61992,62049,62052,62056,62115,62118,62122,62180,62192,62196,62249,62252,62256,62262,62268,62330,62333,62394,62397,62453,62458,62460,62464,62471,62532,62537,62546,62602,62609,62613,62671,62680,62738,62742,62777,62781,62791,62794,62849,62863,62866,62981,62986,62990,63001,63003,63082,63092,63094,63099,63104,63111,63119,63125,63128,63134,63137,63143,63149,63151,63187,63196],[10,61507,54841,61509,11854],{"id":61508},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61510,53948],{},[20,61512,61513,61515],{},[15,61514,53849],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61517,61518],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[42,61520,45],{"id":44},[47,61522,61524],{"className":49,"code":61523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61525,61526,61542,61559,61563,61578,61588],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61529,1594],{"class":65},[56,61531,1217],{"class":827},[56,61533,1220],{"class":76},[56,61535,529],{"class":80},[56,61537,306],{"class":76},[56,61539,414],{"class":80},[56,61541,427],{"class":76},[56,61543,61544,61547,61549,61551,61553,61555,61557],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,61545,61546],{"class":65},"more_numbers ",[56,61548,1217],{"class":827},[56,61550,1220],{"class":76},[56,61552,223],{"class":80},[56,61554,306],{"class":76},[56,61556,424],{"class":80},[56,61558,427],{"class":76},[56,61560,61561],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61562,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,61564,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573,61576],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,61566,1618],{"class":65},[56,61568,156],{"class":76},[56,61570,53978],{"class":95},[56,61572,77],{"class":76},[56,61574,61575],{"class":95},"more_numbers",[56,61577,99],{"class":76},[56,61579,61580,61582,61584,61586],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,61581,373],{"class":72},[56,61583,77],{"class":76},[56,61585,1618],{"class":95},[56,61587,99],{"class":76},[56,61589,61590],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,61591,53225],{"class":112},[20,61593,2638,61594,61596],{},[15,61595,53948],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[42,61598,160,61600,163],{"id":61599},"what-listextend-does",[15,61601,53849],{},[20,61603,61604,1045],{},[15,61605,53948],{},[173,61607,61608,61611,61613,61616],{},[176,61609,61610],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[176,61612,54927],{},[176,61614,61615],{},"Does not create a new list",[176,61617,11956,61618],{},[15,61619,4319],{},[20,61621,61622,61623,54302],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61624,53948],{},[42,61626,2702],{"id":2701},[47,61628,61630],{"className":49,"code":61629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61631,61632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61633,61634,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61635,61636],{"class":65},"list_name",[56,61638,156],{"class":76},[56,61640,53978],{"class":95},[56,61642,77],{"class":76},[56,61644,4261],{"class":95},[56,61646,99],{"class":76},[20,61648,5992,61649,61651],{},[37,61650,4261],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61653,61654],{},"Common iterables include:",[173,61656,61657,61661,61665,61669,61674],{},[176,61658,61659],{},[15,61660,379],{},[176,61662,61663],{},[15,61664,49456],{},[176,61666,61667],{},[15,61668,6822],{},[176,61670,61671],{},[15,61672,61673],{},"string",[176,61675,61676],{},[15,61677,198],{},[42,61679,61681],{"id":61680},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61683,61684,61685,1045],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61686,53948],{},[47,61688,61690],{"className":49,"code":61689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61691,61692,61716,61741,61745,61760,61764,61774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61693,61694,61696,61698,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712,61714],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61695,36756],{"class":65},[56,61697,1217],{"class":827},[56,61699,1220],{"class":76},[56,61701,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61703,4619],{"class":1020},[56,61705,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61707,306],{"class":76},[56,61709,1231],{"class":1016},[56,61711,4628],{"class":1020},[56,61713,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61715,427],{"class":76},[56,61717,61718,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,61719,61720],{"class":65},"more_fruits ",[56,61722,1217],{"class":827},[56,61724,1220],{"class":76},[56,61726,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61728,33751],{"class":1020},[56,61730,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61732,306],{"class":76},[56,61734,1231],{"class":1016},[56,61736,23069],{"class":1020},[56,61738,1017],{"class":1016},[56,61740,427],{"class":76},[56,61742,61743],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61744,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,61746,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755,61758],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,61748,36808],{"class":65},[56,61750,156],{"class":76},[56,61752,53978],{"class":95},[56,61754,77],{"class":76},[56,61756,61757],{"class":95},"more_fruits",[56,61759,99],{"class":76},[56,61761,61762],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,61763,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,61765,61766,61768,61770,61772],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,61767,373],{"class":72},[56,61769,77],{"class":76},[56,61771,36808],{"class":95},[56,61773,99],{"class":76},[56,61775,61776],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,61777,61778],{"class":112},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61780,12217],{},[173,61782,61783,61788,61793],{},[176,61784,61785,61787],{},[15,61786,36808],{}," starts with two items",[176,61789,61790,61792],{},[15,61791,61757],{}," has two more items",[176,61794,61795,61797,61798,783,61800],{},[15,61796,53948],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61799,61757],{},[15,61801,36808],{},[20,61803,61804,61805,61807],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61806,36808],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61809,55066,61810,4935,61812,156],{},[264,61811,53273],{"href":51480},[264,61813,57654],{"href":57653},[42,61815,61817,1682,61819],{"id":61816},"extend-vs-append",[15,61818,53948],{},[15,61820,53154],{},[20,61822,61823,4935,61825,61827],{},[15,61824,53948],{},[15,61826,53154],{}," are often confused.",[353,61829,61831,61833],{"id":61830},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61832,53948],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[47,61835,61837],{"className":49,"code":61836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61838,61839,61855,61873,61877,61887],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61840,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61842,1594],{"class":65},[56,61844,1217],{"class":827},[56,61846,1220],{"class":76},[56,61848,529],{"class":80},[56,61850,306],{"class":76},[56,61852,414],{"class":80},[56,61854,427],{"class":76},[56,61856,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,61858,1618],{"class":65},[56,61860,156],{"class":76},[56,61862,53978],{"class":95},[56,61864,3528],{"class":76},[56,61866,223],{"class":80},[56,61868,306],{"class":76},[56,61870,424],{"class":80},[56,61872,1294],{"class":76},[56,61874,61875],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61876,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,61878,61879,61881,61883,61885],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,61880,373],{"class":72},[56,61882,77],{"class":76},[56,61884,1618],{"class":95},[56,61886,99],{"class":76},[56,61888,61889],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,61890,53225],{"class":112},[353,61892,61894,61896],{"id":61893},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61895,53154],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[47,61898,61900],{"className":49,"code":61899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61901,61902,61918,61936,61940,61950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61903,61904,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61905,1594],{"class":65},[56,61907,1217],{"class":827},[56,61909,1220],{"class":76},[56,61911,529],{"class":80},[56,61913,306],{"class":76},[56,61915,414],{"class":80},[56,61917,427],{"class":76},[56,61919,61920,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,61921,1618],{"class":65},[56,61923,156],{"class":76},[56,61925,14087],{"class":95},[56,61927,3528],{"class":76},[56,61929,223],{"class":80},[56,61931,306],{"class":76},[56,61933,424],{"class":80},[56,61935,1294],{"class":76},[56,61937,61938],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61939,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,61941,61942,61944,61946,61948],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,61943,373],{"class":72},[56,61945,77],{"class":76},[56,61947,1618],{"class":95},[56,61949,99],{"class":76},[56,61951,61952],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,61953,61954],{"class":112},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61956,19230],{},[173,61958,61959,61964],{},[176,61960,61961,61963],{},[15,61962,53948],{}," to combine values",[176,61965,61966,61968],{},[15,61967,53154],{}," to add one item",[20,61970,42602,61971,4935,61975,156],{},[264,61972,56019,61973,11273],{"href":57268},[15,61974,53154],{},[264,61976,53551],{"href":53550},[42,61978,958,61980,61982],{"id":61979},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61981,53948],{}," with different iterables",[20,61984,61985,61987],{},[15,61986,53948],{}," works with more than just lists.",[353,61989,61991],{"id":61990},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[47,61993,61995],{"className":49,"code":61994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61996,61997,62013,62031,62035,62045],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61998,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62000,4364],{"class":65},[56,62002,1217],{"class":827},[56,62004,1220],{"class":76},[56,62006,529],{"class":80},[56,62008,306],{"class":76},[56,62010,414],{"class":80},[56,62012,427],{"class":76},[56,62014,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62016,5898],{"class":65},[56,62018,156],{"class":76},[56,62020,53978],{"class":95},[56,62022,6049],{"class":76},[56,62024,223],{"class":80},[56,62026,306],{"class":76},[56,62028,424],{"class":80},[56,62030,1635],{"class":76},[56,62032,62033],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62034,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62036,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62038,373],{"class":72},[56,62040,77],{"class":76},[56,62042,5898],{"class":95},[56,62044,99],{"class":76},[56,62046,62047],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62048,53225],{"class":112},[20,62050,62051],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[353,62053,62055],{"id":62054},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[47,62057,62059],{"className":49,"code":62058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62060,62061,62077,62096,62100,62110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62062,62063,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62064,36614],{"class":65},[56,62066,1217],{"class":827},[56,62068,1220],{"class":76},[56,62070,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62072,264],{"class":1020},[56,62074,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62076,427],{"class":76},[56,62078,62079,62081,62083,62085,62087,62089,62092,62094],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62080,36666],{"class":65},[56,62082,156],{"class":76},[56,62084,53978],{"class":95},[56,62086,77],{"class":76},[56,62088,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62090,62091],{"class":1020},"bc",[56,62093,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62095,99],{"class":76},[56,62097,62098],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62099,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62103,373],{"class":72},[56,62105,77],{"class":76},[56,62107,36666],{"class":95},[56,62109,99],{"class":76},[56,62111,62112],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62113,62114],{"class":112},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62116,62117],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[353,62119,62121],{"id":62120},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[47,62123,62125],{"className":49,"code":62124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62126,62127,62139,62161,62165,62175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62128,62129,62131,62133,62135,62137],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62130,1594],{"class":65},[56,62132,1217],{"class":827},[56,62134,1220],{"class":76},[56,62136,152],{"class":80},[56,62138,427],{"class":76},[56,62140,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153,62155,62157,62159],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62142,1618],{"class":65},[56,62144,156],{"class":76},[56,62146,53978],{"class":95},[56,62148,77],{"class":76},[56,62150,198],{"class":72},[56,62152,77],{"class":76},[56,62154,529],{"class":80},[56,62156,306],{"class":76},[56,62158,424],{"class":80},[56,62160,1635],{"class":76},[56,62162,62163],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62164,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62166,62167,62169,62171,62173],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62168,373],{"class":72},[56,62170,77],{"class":76},[56,62172,1618],{"class":95},[56,62174,99],{"class":76},[56,62176,62177],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62178,62179],{"class":112},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62181,62182,62185,62186,2735,62188,17607,62190,156],{},[15,62183,62184],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62187,529],{},[15,62189,463],{},[15,62191,223],{},[353,62193,62195],{"id":62194},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[47,62197,62199],{"className":49,"code":62198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62200,62201,62217,62235,62239],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62202,62203,62205,62207,62209,62211,62213,62215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62204,1214],{"class":65},[56,62206,1217],{"class":827},[56,62208,1220],{"class":76},[56,62210,529],{"class":80},[56,62212,306],{"class":76},[56,62214,414],{"class":80},[56,62216,427],{"class":76},[56,62218,62219,62221,62223,62225,62227,62229,62231,62233],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62220,1271],{"class":65},[56,62222,156],{"class":76},[56,62224,53978],{"class":95},[56,62226,6068],{"class":76},[56,62228,223],{"class":80},[56,62230,306],{"class":76},[56,62232,424],{"class":80},[56,62234,31026],{"class":76},[56,62236,62237],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62238,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62240,62241,62243,62245,62247],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62242,373],{"class":72},[56,62244,77],{"class":76},[56,62246,1271],{"class":95},[56,62248,99],{"class":76},[20,62250,62251],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[42,62253,62255],{"id":62254},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62257,62258,2942,62260,156],{},[15,62259,53948],{},[15,62261,4319],{},[20,62263,62264,62265,1045],{},"That means this is ",[37,62266,62267],{},"wrong",[47,62269,62271],{"className":49,"code":62270,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62272,62273,62289,62311,62315,62325],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62274,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62276,1594],{"class":65},[56,62278,1217],{"class":827},[56,62280,1220],{"class":76},[56,62282,529],{"class":80},[56,62284,306],{"class":76},[56,62286,414],{"class":80},[56,62288,427],{"class":76},[56,62290,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299,62301,62303,62305,62307,62309],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62292,2775],{"class":65},[56,62294,1217],{"class":827},[56,62296,4804],{"class":65},[56,62298,156],{"class":76},[56,62300,53978],{"class":95},[56,62302,3528],{"class":76},[56,62304,223],{"class":80},[56,62306,306],{"class":76},[56,62308,424],{"class":80},[56,62310,1294],{"class":76},[56,62312,62313],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62314,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62316,62317,62319,62321,62323],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62318,373],{"class":72},[56,62320,77],{"class":76},[56,62322,2809],{"class":95},[56,62324,99],{"class":76},[56,62326,62327],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62328,62329],{"class":112},"# None\n",[20,62331,62332],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[47,62334,62336],{"className":49,"code":62335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62337,62338,62354,62376,62380,62390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62339,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62341,1594],{"class":65},[56,62343,1217],{"class":827},[56,62345,1220],{"class":76},[56,62347,529],{"class":80},[56,62349,306],{"class":76},[56,62351,414],{"class":80},[56,62353,427],{"class":76},[56,62355,62356,62358,62360,62362,62364,62366,62368,62370,62372,62374],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62357,1594],{"class":65},[56,62359,1217],{"class":827},[56,62361,4804],{"class":65},[56,62363,156],{"class":76},[56,62365,53978],{"class":95},[56,62367,3528],{"class":76},[56,62369,223],{"class":80},[56,62371,306],{"class":76},[56,62373,424],{"class":80},[56,62375,1294],{"class":76},[56,62377,62378],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62379,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62381,62382,62384,62386,62388],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62383,373],{"class":72},[56,62385,77],{"class":76},[56,62387,1618],{"class":95},[56,62389,99],{"class":76},[56,62391,62392],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62393,62329],{"class":112},[20,62395,62396],{},"The correct way is:",[47,62398,62399],{"className":49,"code":61836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,62400,62401,62417,62435,62439,62449],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62402,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62404,1594],{"class":65},[56,62406,1217],{"class":827},[56,62408,1220],{"class":76},[56,62410,529],{"class":80},[56,62412,306],{"class":76},[56,62414,414],{"class":80},[56,62416,427],{"class":76},[56,62418,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431,62433],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62420,1618],{"class":65},[56,62422,156],{"class":76},[56,62424,53978],{"class":95},[56,62426,3528],{"class":76},[56,62428,223],{"class":80},[56,62430,306],{"class":76},[56,62432,424],{"class":80},[56,62434,1294],{"class":76},[56,62436,62437],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62438,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62440,62441,62443,62445,62447],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62442,373],{"class":72},[56,62444,77],{"class":76},[56,62446,1618],{"class":95},[56,62448,99],{"class":76},[56,62450,62451],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62452,53225],{"class":112},[20,62454,56408,62455,62457],{},[15,62456,53948],{}," first, then use the original list.",[42,62459,1690],{"id":1689},[20,62461,15268,62462,156],{},[15,62463,53948],{},[353,62465,62467,62468,62470],{"id":62466},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62469,53948],{}," to return a new list",[47,62472,62474],{"className":49,"code":62473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62475,62476,62492,62514,62518,62528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62477,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62479,1594],{"class":65},[56,62481,1217],{"class":827},[56,62483,1220],{"class":76},[56,62485,529],{"class":80},[56,62487,306],{"class":76},[56,62489,414],{"class":80},[56,62491,427],{"class":76},[56,62493,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504,62506,62508,62510,62512],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62495,56141],{"class":65},[56,62497,1217],{"class":827},[56,62499,4804],{"class":65},[56,62501,156],{"class":76},[56,62503,53978],{"class":95},[56,62505,3528],{"class":76},[56,62507,223],{"class":80},[56,62509,306],{"class":76},[56,62511,424],{"class":80},[56,62513,1294],{"class":76},[56,62515,62516],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62517,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62519,62520,62522,62524,62526],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62521,373],{"class":72},[56,62523,77],{"class":76},[56,62525,56160],{"class":95},[56,62527,99],{"class":76},[56,62529,62530],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62531,62329],{"class":112},[20,62533,62534,62535,156],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62536,53948],{},[353,62538,62540,62541,45137,62543,62545],{"id":62539},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62542,53154],{},[15,62544,53948],{}," is needed",[47,62547,62548],{"className":49,"code":61899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,62549,62550,62566,62584,62588,62598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62551,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560,62562,62564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62553,1594],{"class":65},[56,62555,1217],{"class":827},[56,62557,1220],{"class":76},[56,62559,529],{"class":80},[56,62561,306],{"class":76},[56,62563,414],{"class":80},[56,62565,427],{"class":76},[56,62567,62568,62570,62572,62574,62576,62578,62580,62582],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62569,1618],{"class":65},[56,62571,156],{"class":76},[56,62573,14087],{"class":95},[56,62575,3528],{"class":76},[56,62577,223],{"class":80},[56,62579,306],{"class":76},[56,62581,424],{"class":80},[56,62583,1294],{"class":76},[56,62585,62586],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62587,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62589,62590,62592,62594,62596],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62591,373],{"class":72},[56,62593,77],{"class":76},[56,62595,1618],{"class":95},[56,62597,99],{"class":76},[56,62599,62600],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62601,61954],{"class":112},[20,62603,62604,62605,54392,62607,7162],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62606,54391],{},[15,62608,53948],{},[353,62610,62612],{"id":62611},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[47,62614,62616],{"className":49,"code":62615,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62617,62618,62634,62652,62656,62666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62619,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628,62630,62632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62621,4610],{"class":65},[56,62623,1217],{"class":827},[56,62625,1220],{"class":76},[56,62627,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62629,4386],{"class":1020},[56,62631,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62633,427],{"class":76},[56,62635,62636,62638,62640,62642,62644,62646,62648,62650],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62637,4654],{"class":65},[56,62639,156],{"class":76},[56,62641,53978],{"class":95},[56,62643,77],{"class":76},[56,62645,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62647,61090],{"class":1020},[56,62649,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62651,99],{"class":76},[56,62653,62654],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62655,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62657,62658,62660,62662,62664],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62659,373],{"class":72},[56,62661,77],{"class":76},[56,62663,4654],{"class":95},[56,62665,99],{"class":76},[56,62667,62668],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62669,62670],{"class":112},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62672,62673,62674,62677,62678,1045],{},"If you want ",[15,62675,62676],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62679,53154],{},[47,62681,62683],{"className":49,"code":62682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62684,62685,62701,62719,62723,62733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62686,62687,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62688,4610],{"class":65},[56,62690,1217],{"class":827},[56,62692,1220],{"class":76},[56,62694,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62696,4386],{"class":1020},[56,62698,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62700,427],{"class":76},[56,62702,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62704,4654],{"class":65},[56,62706,156],{"class":76},[56,62708,14087],{"class":95},[56,62710,77],{"class":76},[56,62712,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62714,61090],{"class":1020},[56,62716,1017],{"class":1016},[56,62718,99],{"class":76},[56,62720,62721],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62722,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62724,62725,62727,62729,62731],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62726,373],{"class":72},[56,62728,77],{"class":76},[56,62730,4654],{"class":95},[56,62732,99],{"class":76},[56,62734,62735],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62736,62737],{"class":112},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[353,62739,62741],{"id":62740},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[47,62743,62745],{"className":49,"code":62744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62746,62747,62763],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62748,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62750,1594],{"class":65},[56,62752,1217],{"class":827},[56,62754,1220],{"class":76},[56,62756,529],{"class":80},[56,62758,306],{"class":76},[56,62760,414],{"class":80},[56,62762,427],{"class":76},[56,62764,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773,62775],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62766,1618],{"class":65},[56,62768,156],{"class":76},[56,62770,53978],{"class":95},[56,62772,77],{"class":76},[56,62774,81],{"class":80},[56,62776,99],{"class":76},[20,62778,40164,62779,7082],{},[15,62780,81],{},[20,62782,62783,62784,62786,62787,62790],{},"You will get a ",[15,62785,3547],{},". See ",[264,62788,62789],{"href":53101},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62792,62793],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[47,62795,62797],{"className":49,"code":62796,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62798,62799,62809,62823,62835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62800,62801,62803,62805,62807],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62802,373],{"class":72},[56,62804,77],{"class":76},[56,62806,8870],{"class":95},[56,62808,99],{"class":76},[56,62810,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62812,373],{"class":72},[56,62814,77],{"class":76},[56,62816,2312],{"class":378},[56,62818,77],{"class":76},[56,62820,5898],{"class":95},[56,62822,1635],{"class":76},[56,62824,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62826,373],{"class":72},[56,62828,77],{"class":76},[56,62830,2809],{"class":95},[56,62832,4202],{"class":76},[56,62834,99],{"class":65},[56,62836,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62838,32683],{"class":72},[56,62840,77],{"class":76},[56,62842,379],{"class":378},[56,62844,156],{"class":76},[56,62846,53978],{"class":25284},[56,62848,99],{"class":76},[44087,62850,62851],{},[20,62852,62853,62854,62857,62858,62860,62861,156],{},"Note: ",[15,62855,62856],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62859,4202],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62862,33557],{},[20,62864,62865],{},"Correct debugging example:",[47,62867,62869],{"className":49,"code":62868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62870,62871,62887,62903,62907,62921,62925,62933,62943,62957,62967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62872,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62874,8839],{"class":65},[56,62876,1217],{"class":827},[56,62878,1220],{"class":76},[56,62880,529],{"class":80},[56,62882,306],{"class":76},[56,62884,414],{"class":80},[56,62886,427],{"class":76},[56,62888,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,62890,4364],{"class":65},[56,62892,1217],{"class":827},[56,62894,1220],{"class":76},[56,62896,223],{"class":80},[56,62898,306],{"class":76},[56,62900,424],{"class":80},[56,62902,427],{"class":76},[56,62904,62905],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62906,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62908,62909,62911,62913,62915,62917,62919],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,62910,8870],{"class":65},[56,62912,156],{"class":76},[56,62914,53978],{"class":95},[56,62916,77],{"class":76},[56,62918,5898],{"class":95},[56,62920,99],{"class":76},[56,62922,62923],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,62924,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,62926,62927,62929,62931],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,62928,2775],{"class":65},[56,62930,1217],{"class":827},[56,62932,49031],{"class":4393},[56,62934,62935,62937,62939,62941],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,62936,373],{"class":72},[56,62938,77],{"class":76},[56,62940,8870],{"class":95},[56,62942,99],{"class":76},[56,62944,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,62946,373],{"class":72},[56,62948,77],{"class":76},[56,62950,2312],{"class":378},[56,62952,77],{"class":76},[56,62954,5898],{"class":95},[56,62956,1635],{"class":76},[56,62958,62959,62961,62963,62965],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,62960,373],{"class":72},[56,62962,77],{"class":76},[56,62964,2809],{"class":95},[56,62966,99],{"class":76},[56,62968,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979],{"class":58,"line":6967},[56,62970,32683],{"class":72},[56,62972,77],{"class":76},[56,62974,379],{"class":378},[56,62976,156],{"class":76},[56,62978,53978],{"class":25284},[56,62980,99],{"class":76},[42,62982,5500,62984],{"id":62983},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62985,53948],{},[20,62987,2638,62988,6853],{},[15,62989,53948],{},[173,62991,62992,62995,62998],{},[176,62993,62994],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[176,62996,62997],{},"Add multiple values at once",[176,62999,63000],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,63002,1584],{},[47,63004,63006],{"className":49,"code":63005,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,63007,63008,63025,63043,63047,63063,63067,63077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63009,63010,63013,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63011,63012],{"class":65},"all_scores ",[56,63014,1217],{"class":827},[56,63016,1220],{"class":76},[56,63018,14036],{"class":80},[56,63020,306],{"class":76},[56,63022,14041],{"class":80},[56,63024,427],{"class":76},[56,63026,63027,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63041],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63028,63029],{"class":65},"new_scores ",[56,63031,1217],{"class":827},[56,63033,1220],{"class":76},[56,63035,52006],{"class":80},[56,63037,306],{"class":76},[56,63039,63040],{"class":80}," 92",[56,63042,427],{"class":76},[56,63044,63045],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63046,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,63048,63049,63052,63054,63056,63058,63061],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,63050,63051],{"class":65},"all_scores",[56,63053,156],{"class":76},[56,63055,53978],{"class":95},[56,63057,77],{"class":76},[56,63059,63060],{"class":95},"new_scores",[56,63062,99],{"class":76},[56,63064,63065],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,63066,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,63070,373],{"class":72},[56,63072,77],{"class":76},[56,63074,63051],{"class":95},[56,63076,99],{"class":76},[56,63078,63079],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,63080,63081],{"class":112},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63083,63084,63085,63087,63088,156],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63086,53154],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[264,63089,56019,63090,11273],{"href":54409},[15,63091,54767],{},[42,63093,2343],{"id":2342},[353,63095,2347,63097,55968],{"id":63096},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63098,53849],{},[20,63100,63101,63102,156],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63103,4319],{},[353,63105,5718,63107,4935,63109,2363],{"id":63106},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63108,53948],{},[15,63110,53154],{},[20,63112,63113,63115,63116,63118],{},[15,63114,53948],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63117,53154],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[353,63120,28859,63122,63124],{"id":63121},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63123,53948],{}," with a string?",[20,63126,63127],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[353,63129,28859,63131,63133],{"id":63130},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63132,53948],{}," with a tuple?",[20,63135,63136],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[353,63138,63140,63141,2363],{"id":63139},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63142,53948],{},[20,63144,63145,63146,63148],{},"You get a ",[15,63147,3547],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[42,63150,2417],{"id":2416},[173,63152,63153,63159,63163,63167,63171,63177,63181],{},[176,63154,63155],{},[264,63156,56019,63157,11273],{"href":57268},[15,63158,53154],{},[176,63160,63161],{},[264,63162,54777],{"href":53550},[176,63164,63165],{},[264,63166,57728],{"href":57653},[176,63168,63169],{},[264,63170,53273],{"href":51480},[176,63172,63173],{},[264,63174,56019,63175,11273],{"href":54409},[15,63176,54767],{},[176,63178,63179],{},[264,63180,62789],{"href":53101},[176,63182,63183],{},[264,63184,56019,63185,11273],{"href":55459},[15,63186,13310],{},[20,63188,63189,63190,63192,63193,63195],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63191,53154],{},", when to use ",[15,63194,54767],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2451,63197,63198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":63200},[63201,63202,63204,63205,63206,63213,63220,63221,63229,63231,63243],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":61599,"depth":87,"text":63203},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":61680,"depth":87,"text":61681},{"id":61816,"depth":87,"text":63207,"children":63208},"extend() vs append()",[63209,63211],{"id":61830,"depth":102,"text":63210},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61893,"depth":102,"text":63212},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61979,"depth":87,"text":63214,"children":63215},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63216,63217,63218,63219],{"id":61990,"depth":102,"text":61991},{"id":62054,"depth":102,"text":62055},{"id":62120,"depth":102,"text":62121},{"id":62194,"depth":102,"text":62195},{"id":62254,"depth":87,"text":62255},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":63222},[63223,63225,63227,63228],{"id":62466,"depth":102,"text":63224},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62539,"depth":102,"text":63226},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62611,"depth":102,"text":62612},{"id":62740,"depth":102,"text":62741},{"id":62983,"depth":87,"text":63230},"When to use extend()",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":63232},[63233,63235,63237,63239,63241],{"id":63096,"depth":102,"text":63234},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63106,"depth":102,"text":63236},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63121,"depth":102,"text":63238},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63130,"depth":102,"text":63240},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63139,"depth":102,"text":63242},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61503,"description":63244},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63251,"title":63252,"body":63253,"description":65344,"extension":2509,"meta":65345,"navigation":105,"path":65346,"seo":65347,"stem":65348,"__hash__":65349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63254,"toc":65307},[63255,63258,63263,63269,63280,63286,63288,63357,63359,63408,63416,63420,63425,63428,63439,63444,63446,63448,63469,63482,63485,63498,63500,63505,63530,63532,63540,63543,63612,63614,63638,63644,63648,63652,63688,63690,63710,63717,63721,63754,63756,63790,63795,63799,63832,63834,63862,63870,63874,63911,63913,63934,63937,63941,64010,64012,64036,64042,64049,64053,64056,64058,64072,64075,64099,64101,64126,64129,64148,64150,64176,64185,64189,64196,64273,64275,64316,64322,64328,64419,64421,64477,64480,64485,64489,64494,64498,64557,64559,64584,64588,64651,64653,64678,64682,64745,64747,64790,64793,64797,64801,64823,64827,64909,64911,64946,64954,64956,64960,64964,64966,64993,64998,65000,65027,65034,65037,65060,65062,65111,65114,65117,65136,65140,65143,65194,65197,65203,65207,65212,65215,65217,65223,65232,65236,65242,65246,65249,65253,65256,65260,65266,65268,65304],[10,63256,63252],{"id":63257},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63259,9654,63260,63262],{},[15,63261,1518],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63264,63265,63266,63268],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63267,1518],{}," for two main reasons:",[173,63270,63271,63274],{},[176,63272,63273],{},"to make an empty list",[176,63275,63276,63277,63279],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63278,198],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63281,63282,63283,63285],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63284,1518],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[42,63287,45],{"id":44},[47,63289,63291],{"className":49,"code":63290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63292,63293,63315,63333,63337,63347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63294,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63296,1594],{"class":65},[56,63298,1217],{"class":827},[56,63300,23096],{"class":378},[56,63302,6049],{"class":76},[56,63304,529],{"class":80},[56,63306,306],{"class":76},[56,63308,414],{"class":80},[56,63310,306],{"class":76},[56,63312,419],{"class":80},[56,63314,1635],{"class":76},[56,63316,63317,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63318,36614],{"class":65},[56,63320,1217],{"class":827},[56,63322,23096],{"class":378},[56,63324,77],{"class":76},[56,63326,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63328,42071],{"class":1020},[56,63330,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63332,99],{"class":76},[56,63334,63335],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63336,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,63338,63339,63341,63343,63345],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,63340,373],{"class":72},[56,63342,77],{"class":76},[56,63344,1618],{"class":95},[56,63346,99],{"class":76},[56,63348,63349,63351,63353,63355],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,63350,373],{"class":72},[56,63352,77],{"class":76},[56,63354,36666],{"class":95},[56,63356,99],{"class":76},[20,63358,239],{},[47,63360,63362],{"className":49,"code":63361,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63363,63364,63380],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63365,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63367,402],{"class":76},[56,63369,529],{"class":80},[56,63371,306],{"class":76},[56,63373,414],{"class":80},[56,63375,306],{"class":76},[56,63377,419],{"class":80},[56,63379,427],{"class":76},[56,63381,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63383,402],{"class":76},[56,63385,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63387,264],{"class":1020},[56,63389,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63391,306],{"class":76},[56,63393,3839],{"class":1016},[56,63395,1234],{"class":1020},[56,63397,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63399,306],{"class":76},[56,63401,3839],{"class":1016},[56,63403,1243],{"class":1020},[56,63405,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63407,427],{"class":76},[20,63409,2638,63410,63412,63413,63415],{},[15,63411,1518],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63414,198],{},", set, or dictionary.",[42,63417,63419],{"id":63418},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63421,63422,63424],{},[15,63423,1518],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63426,63427],{},"It can:",[173,63429,63430,63433,63436],{},[176,63431,63432],{},"create a new list object",[176,63434,63435],{},"make an empty list",[176,63437,63438],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63440,63441,63442,156],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[264,63443,53273],{"href":51480},[42,63445,2702],{"id":2701},[20,63447,27017],{},[47,63449,63451],{"className":49,"code":63450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63452,63453,63459],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63454,63455,63457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63456,379],{"class":378},[56,63458,9174],{"class":76},[56,63460,63461,63463,63465,63467],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63462,379],{"class":378},[56,63464,77],{"class":76},[56,63466,4261],{"class":95},[56,63468,99],{"class":76},[173,63470,63471,63476],{},[176,63472,63473,63475],{},[15,63474,1518],{}," makes an empty list",[176,63477,63478,63481],{},[15,63479,63480],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63483,63484],{},"Common iterable values include:",[173,63486,63487,63489,63491,63493,63496],{},[176,63488,5848],{},[176,63490,5842],{},[176,63492,5845],{},[176,63494,63495],{},"ranges",[176,63497,7783],{},[42,63499,60121],{"id":60120},[20,63501,2638,63502,63504],{},[15,63503,1518],{}," with no arguments:",[47,63506,63508],{"className":49,"code":63507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63509,63510,63520],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63511,63512,63514,63516,63518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63513,1214],{"class":65},[56,63515,1217],{"class":827},[56,63517,23096],{"class":378},[56,63519,9174],{"class":76},[56,63521,63522,63524,63526,63528],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63523,373],{"class":72},[56,63525,77],{"class":76},[56,63527,1271],{"class":95},[56,63529,99],{"class":76},[20,63531,239],{},[47,63533,63534],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63535,63536],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63537,63538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63539,907],{"class":76},[20,63541,63542],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[47,63544,63546],{"className":49,"code":63545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63547,63548,63558,63562,63580,63598,63602],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63549,63550,63552,63554,63556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63551,1214],{"class":65},[56,63553,1217],{"class":827},[56,63555,23096],{"class":378},[56,63557,9174],{"class":76},[56,63559,63560],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63561,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,63563,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63565,1271],{"class":65},[56,63567,156],{"class":76},[56,63569,14087],{"class":95},[56,63571,77],{"class":76},[56,63573,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63575,4619],{"class":1020},[56,63577,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63579,99],{"class":76},[56,63581,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,63583,1271],{"class":65},[56,63585,156],{"class":76},[56,63587,14087],{"class":95},[56,63589,77],{"class":76},[56,63591,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63593,4628],{"class":1020},[56,63595,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63597,99],{"class":76},[56,63599,63600],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,63601,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,63603,63604,63606,63608,63610],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,63605,373],{"class":72},[56,63607,77],{"class":76},[56,63609,1271],{"class":95},[56,63611,99],{"class":76},[20,63613,239],{},[47,63615,63616],{"className":49,"code":38934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63617,63618],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63619,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63621,402],{"class":76},[56,63623,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63625,4619],{"class":1020},[56,63627,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63629,306],{"class":76},[56,63631,3839],{"class":1016},[56,63633,4628],{"class":1020},[56,63635,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63637,427],{"class":76},[20,63639,63640,63641,63643],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63642,4328],{},". Both are valid.",[42,63645,63647],{"id":63646},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[353,63649,63651],{"id":63650},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[47,63653,63654],{"className":49,"code":60419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63655,63656,63678],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63657,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63659,1594],{"class":65},[56,63661,1217],{"class":827},[56,63663,23096],{"class":378},[56,63665,6049],{"class":76},[56,63667,529],{"class":80},[56,63669,306],{"class":76},[56,63671,414],{"class":80},[56,63673,306],{"class":76},[56,63675,419],{"class":80},[56,63677,1635],{"class":76},[56,63679,63680,63682,63684,63686],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63681,373],{"class":72},[56,63683,77],{"class":76},[56,63685,1618],{"class":95},[56,63687,99],{"class":76},[20,63689,239],{},[47,63691,63692],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63693,63694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63695,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63697,402],{"class":76},[56,63699,529],{"class":80},[56,63701,306],{"class":76},[56,63703,414],{"class":80},[56,63705,306],{"class":76},[56,63707,419],{"class":80},[56,63709,427],{"class":76},[20,63711,63712,63713,156],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[264,63714,63716],{"href":63715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[353,63718,63720],{"id":63719},"string-to-list","String to list",[47,63722,63724],{"className":49,"code":63723,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63725,63726,63744],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63729,36614],{"class":65},[56,63731,1217],{"class":827},[56,63733,23096],{"class":378},[56,63735,77],{"class":76},[56,63737,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63739,37561],{"class":1020},[56,63741,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63743,99],{"class":76},[56,63745,63746,63748,63750,63752],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63747,373],{"class":72},[56,63749,77],{"class":76},[56,63751,36666],{"class":95},[56,63753,99],{"class":76},[20,63755,239],{},[47,63757,63759],{"className":49,"code":63758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63760,63761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63762,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63786,63788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63764,402],{"class":76},[56,63766,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63768,1243],{"class":1020},[56,63770,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63772,306],{"class":76},[56,63774,3839],{"class":1016},[56,63776,264],{"class":1020},[56,63778,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63780,306],{"class":76},[56,63782,3839],{"class":1016},[56,63784,63785],{"class":1020},"t",[56,63787,3844],{"class":1016},[56,63789,427],{"class":76},[20,63791,63792,63794],{},[15,63793,1518],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[353,63796,63798],{"id":63797},"range-to-list","Range to list",[47,63800,63802],{"className":49,"code":63801,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63803,63804,63822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63805,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63807,1594],{"class":65},[56,63809,1217],{"class":827},[56,63811,23096],{"class":378},[56,63813,77],{"class":76},[56,63815,198],{"class":72},[56,63817,77],{"class":76},[56,63819,81],{"class":80},[56,63821,1635],{"class":76},[56,63823,63824,63826,63828,63830],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63825,373],{"class":72},[56,63827,77],{"class":76},[56,63829,1618],{"class":95},[56,63831,99],{"class":76},[20,63833,239],{},[47,63835,63836],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63837,63838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63841,402],{"class":76},[56,63843,152],{"class":80},[56,63845,306],{"class":76},[56,63847,409],{"class":80},[56,63849,306],{"class":76},[56,63851,414],{"class":80},[56,63853,306],{"class":76},[56,63855,419],{"class":80},[56,63857,306],{"class":76},[56,63859,424],{"class":80},[56,63861,427],{"class":76},[20,63863,63864,63865,63869],{},"This is common when working with ",[264,63866,63867],{"href":36713},[15,63868,17],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[353,63871,63873],{"id":63872},"set-to-list","Set to list",[47,63875,63877],{"className":49,"code":63876,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63878,63879,63901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63880,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63882,4364],{"class":65},[56,63884,1217],{"class":827},[56,63886,23096],{"class":378},[56,63888,6068],{"class":76},[56,63890,2291],{"class":80},[56,63892,306],{"class":76},[56,63894,8323],{"class":80},[56,63896,306],{"class":76},[56,63898,8328],{"class":80},[56,63900,31026],{"class":76},[56,63902,63903,63905,63907,63909],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63904,373],{"class":72},[56,63906,77],{"class":76},[56,63908,5898],{"class":95},[56,63910,99],{"class":76},[20,63912,17494],{},[47,63914,63916],{"className":49,"code":63915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63917,63918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63919,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63921,402],{"class":76},[56,63923,2291],{"class":80},[56,63925,306],{"class":76},[56,63927,8323],{"class":80},[56,63929,306],{"class":76},[56,63931,8328],{"class":80},[56,63933,427],{"class":76},[20,63935,63936],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[353,63938,63940],{"id":63939},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[47,63942,63944],{"className":49,"code":63943,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63945,63946,63982,63996,64000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63947,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63949,13738],{"class":65},[56,63951,1217],{"class":827},[56,63953,11023],{"class":76},[56,63955,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63957,8201],{"class":1020},[56,63959,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63961,1045],{"class":76},[56,63963,1231],{"class":1016},[56,63965,13414],{"class":1020},[56,63967,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63969,306],{"class":76},[56,63971,1231],{"class":1016},[56,63973,9831],{"class":1020},[56,63975,1017],{"class":1016},[56,63977,1045],{"class":76},[56,63979,9838],{"class":80},[56,63981,9841],{"class":76},[56,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,63985,2775],{"class":65},[56,63987,1217],{"class":827},[56,63989,23096],{"class":378},[56,63991,77],{"class":76},[56,63993,17842],{"class":95},[56,63995,99],{"class":76},[56,63997,63998],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63999,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,64003,373],{"class":72},[56,64005,77],{"class":76},[56,64007,2809],{"class":95},[56,64009,99],{"class":76},[20,64011,239],{},[47,64013,64014],{"className":49,"code":26014,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,64015,64016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64017,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64019,402],{"class":76},[56,64021,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64023,8201],{"class":1020},[56,64025,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64027,306],{"class":76},[56,64029,3839],{"class":1016},[56,64031,9831],{"class":1020},[56,64033,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64035,427],{"class":76},[20,64037,64038,64039,64041],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,64040,1518],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,64043,64044,64045,156],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[264,64046,64048],{"href":64047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[42,64050,64052],{"id":64051},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,64054,64055],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,64057,61654],{},[173,64059,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070],{},[176,64061,5839],{},[176,64063,5842],{},[176,64065,5848],{},[176,64067,5845],{},[176,64069,63495],{},[176,64071,7783],{},[20,64073,64074],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[47,64076,64078],{"className":49,"code":64077,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64079,64080],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64081,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64095,64097],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64083,373],{"class":72},[56,64085,77],{"class":76},[56,64087,379],{"class":378},[56,64089,77],{"class":76},[56,64091,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64093,64094],{"class":1020},"hi",[56,64096,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64098,1635],{"class":76},[20,64100,239],{},[47,64102,64104],{"className":49,"code":64103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64105,64106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64107,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64109,402],{"class":76},[56,64111,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64113,60937],{"class":1020},[56,64115,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64117,306],{"class":76},[56,64119,3839],{"class":1016},[56,64121,96],{"class":1020},[56,64123,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64125,427],{"class":76},[20,64127,64128],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[47,64130,64132],{"className":49,"code":64131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64133,64134],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64135,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64137,373],{"class":72},[56,64139,77],{"class":76},[56,64141,379],{"class":378},[56,64143,77],{"class":76},[56,64145,81],{"class":80},[56,64147,1635],{"class":76},[20,64149,239],{},[47,64151,64153],{"className":49,"code":64152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64154,64155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64156,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64158,3547],{"class":378},[56,64160,1045],{"class":76},[56,64162,3839],{"class":1016},[56,64164,2734],{"class":1020},[56,64166,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64168,2339],{"class":378},[56,64170,8628],{"class":827},[56,64172,8631],{"class":827},[56,64174,64175],{"class":65}," iterable\n",[20,64177,64178,64179,64181,64182,156],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[264,64180,5676],{"href":6125},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[264,64183,64184],{"href":53101},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[42,64186,64188],{"id":64187},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64190,64191,64192,64195],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64193,64194],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[47,64197,64199],{"className":49,"code":64198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64200,64201,64221,64235,64239,64249,64259],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64202,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64204,12620],{"class":65},[56,64206,1217],{"class":827},[56,64208,1220],{"class":76},[56,64210,529],{"class":80},[56,64212,306],{"class":76},[56,64214,414],{"class":80},[56,64216,306],{"class":76},[56,64218,419],{"class":80},[56,64220,427],{"class":76},[56,64222,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64224,14846],{"class":65},[56,64226,1217],{"class":827},[56,64228,23096],{"class":378},[56,64230,77],{"class":76},[56,64232,12667],{"class":95},[56,64234,99],{"class":76},[56,64236,64237],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64238,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,64240,64241,64243,64245,64247],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,64242,373],{"class":72},[56,64244,77],{"class":76},[56,64246,12667],{"class":95},[56,64248,99],{"class":76},[56,64250,64251,64253,64255,64257],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,64252,373],{"class":72},[56,64254,77],{"class":76},[56,64256,14865],{"class":95},[56,64258,99],{"class":76},[56,64260,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,64262,373],{"class":72},[56,64264,77],{"class":76},[56,64266,12620],{"class":95},[56,64268,1176],{"class":62},[56,64270,14919],{"class":95},[56,64272,99],{"class":76},[20,64274,239],{},[47,64276,64278],{"className":49,"code":64277,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64279,64280,64296,64312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64281,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64283,402],{"class":76},[56,64285,529],{"class":80},[56,64287,306],{"class":76},[56,64289,414],{"class":80},[56,64291,306],{"class":76},[56,64293,419],{"class":80},[56,64295,427],{"class":76},[56,64297,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64299,402],{"class":76},[56,64301,529],{"class":80},[56,64303,306],{"class":76},[56,64305,414],{"class":80},[56,64307,306],{"class":76},[56,64309,419],{"class":80},[56,64311,427],{"class":76},[56,64313,64314],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64315,4580],{"class":4393},[20,64317,64318,64319,64321],{},"This means ",[15,64320,14865],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64323,64324,64325,64327],{},"However, this is only a ",[37,64326,13384],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[47,64329,64331],{"className":49,"code":64330,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64332,64333,64359,64373,64377,64395,64399,64409],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64334,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64336,12620],{"class":65},[56,64338,1217],{"class":827},[56,64340,56793],{"class":76},[56,64342,529],{"class":80},[56,64344,306],{"class":76},[56,64346,414],{"class":80},[56,64348,18597],{"class":76},[56,64350,1220],{"class":76},[56,64352,223],{"class":80},[56,64354,306],{"class":76},[56,64356,424],{"class":80},[56,64358,53744],{"class":76},[56,64360,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64362,14846],{"class":65},[56,64364,1217],{"class":827},[56,64366,23096],{"class":378},[56,64368,77],{"class":76},[56,64370,12667],{"class":95},[56,64372,99],{"class":76},[56,64374,64375],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64376,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,64378,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,64380,14865],{"class":65},[56,64382,402],{"class":76},[56,64384,152],{"class":80},[56,64386,14084],{"class":76},[56,64388,14087],{"class":95},[56,64390,77],{"class":76},[56,64392,56846],{"class":80},[56,64394,99],{"class":76},[56,64396,64397],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,64398,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,64400,64401,64403,64405,64407],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,64402,373],{"class":72},[56,64404,77],{"class":76},[56,64406,12667],{"class":95},[56,64408,99],{"class":76},[56,64410,64411,64413,64415,64417],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,64412,373],{"class":72},[56,64414,77],{"class":76},[56,64416,14865],{"class":95},[56,64418,99],{"class":76},[20,64420,239],{},[47,64422,64423],{"className":49,"code":56877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,64424,64425,64451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64426,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64428,56884],{"class":76},[56,64430,529],{"class":80},[56,64432,306],{"class":76},[56,64434,414],{"class":80},[56,64436,306],{"class":76},[56,64438,10729],{"class":80},[56,64440,18597],{"class":76},[56,64442,1220],{"class":76},[56,64444,223],{"class":80},[56,64446,306],{"class":76},[56,64448,424],{"class":80},[56,64450,53744],{"class":76},[56,64452,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64454,56884],{"class":76},[56,64456,529],{"class":80},[56,64458,306],{"class":76},[56,64460,414],{"class":80},[56,64462,306],{"class":76},[56,64464,10729],{"class":80},[56,64466,18597],{"class":76},[56,64468,1220],{"class":76},[56,64470,223],{"class":80},[56,64472,306],{"class":76},[56,64474,424],{"class":80},[56,64476,53744],{"class":76},[20,64478,64479],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64481,64482,64483,156],{},"For more on this, see ",[264,64484,14325],{"href":14324},[42,64486,64488],{"id":64487},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64490,64491,64492,156],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64493,1518],{},[353,64495,64497],{"id":64496},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[47,64499,64501],{"className":49,"code":64500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64502,64503,64543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64504,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64506,13397],{"class":65},[56,64508,1217],{"class":827},[56,64510,11023],{"class":76},[56,64512,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64514,8201],{"class":1020},[56,64516,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64518,1045],{"class":76},[56,64520,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64522,8454],{"class":1020},[56,64524,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64526,306],{"class":76},[56,64528,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64530,20426],{"class":1020},[56,64532,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64534,1045],{"class":76},[56,64536,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64538,22781],{"class":1020},[56,64540,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64542,9841],{"class":76},[56,64544,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64546,373],{"class":72},[56,64548,77],{"class":76},[56,64550,379],{"class":378},[56,64552,77],{"class":76},[56,64554,14160],{"class":95},[56,64556,1635],{"class":76},[20,64558,239],{},[47,64560,64562],{"className":49,"code":64561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64563,64564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64565,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64567,402],{"class":76},[56,64569,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64571,8201],{"class":1020},[56,64573,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64575,306],{"class":76},[56,64577,3839],{"class":1016},[56,64579,20426],{"class":1020},[56,64581,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64583,427],{"class":76},[353,64585,64587],{"id":64586},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[47,64589,64591],{"className":49,"code":64590,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64592,64593,64633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64594,64595,64597,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64596,13397],{"class":65},[56,64598,1217],{"class":827},[56,64600,11023],{"class":76},[56,64602,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64604,8201],{"class":1020},[56,64606,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64608,1045],{"class":76},[56,64610,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64612,8454],{"class":1020},[56,64614,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64616,306],{"class":76},[56,64618,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64620,20426],{"class":1020},[56,64622,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64624,1045],{"class":76},[56,64626,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64628,22781],{"class":1020},[56,64630,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64632,9841],{"class":76},[56,64634,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64636,373],{"class":72},[56,64638,77],{"class":76},[56,64640,379],{"class":378},[56,64642,77],{"class":76},[56,64644,14160],{"class":95},[56,64646,156],{"class":76},[56,64648,5898],{"class":95},[56,64650,6825],{"class":76},[20,64652,239],{},[47,64654,64656],{"className":49,"code":64655,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64657,64658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64659,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64661,402],{"class":76},[56,64663,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64665,8454],{"class":1020},[56,64667,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64669,306],{"class":76},[56,64671,3839],{"class":1016},[56,64673,22781],{"class":1020},[56,64675,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64677,427],{"class":76},[353,64679,64681],{"id":64680},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[47,64683,64685],{"className":49,"code":64684,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64686,64687,64727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64688,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64690,13397],{"class":65},[56,64692,1217],{"class":827},[56,64694,11023],{"class":76},[56,64696,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64698,8201],{"class":1020},[56,64700,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64702,1045],{"class":76},[56,64704,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64706,8454],{"class":1020},[56,64708,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64710,306],{"class":76},[56,64712,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64714,20426],{"class":1020},[56,64716,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64718,1045],{"class":76},[56,64720,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64722,22781],{"class":1020},[56,64724,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64726,9841],{"class":76},[56,64728,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64730,373],{"class":72},[56,64732,77],{"class":76},[56,64734,379],{"class":378},[56,64736,77],{"class":76},[56,64738,14160],{"class":95},[56,64740,156],{"class":76},[56,64742,1271],{"class":95},[56,64744,6825],{"class":76},[20,64746,239],{},[47,64748,64750],{"className":49,"code":64749,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64751,64752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64753,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64755,22276],{"class":76},[56,64757,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64759,8201],{"class":1020},[56,64761,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64763,306],{"class":76},[56,64765,3839],{"class":1016},[56,64767,8454],{"class":1020},[56,64769,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64771,9765],{"class":76},[56,64773,9768],{"class":76},[56,64775,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64777,20426],{"class":1020},[56,64779,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64781,306],{"class":76},[56,64783,3839],{"class":1016},[56,64785,22781],{"class":1020},[56,64787,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64789,9781],{"class":76},[20,64791,64792],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[42,64794,64796],{"id":64795},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64798,2638,64799,11133],{},[15,64800,1518],{},[173,64802,64803,64811,64820],{},[176,64804,64805,64806,3422,64808],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64807,53154],{},[15,64809,64810],{},"sort()",[176,64812,64813,64814,3422,64816,64819],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64815,17],{},[15,64817,64818],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[176,64821,64822],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64824,46546,64825,1045],{},[15,64826,64818],{},[47,64828,64830],{"className":49,"code":64829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64831,64832,64856,64872,64876,64899],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64833,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64835,5534],{"class":65},[56,64837,1217],{"class":827},[56,64839,1220],{"class":76},[56,64841,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64843,13414],{"class":1020},[56,64845,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64847,306],{"class":76},[56,64849,1231],{"class":1016},[56,64851,36467],{"class":1020},[56,64853,1017],{"class":1016},[56,64855,427],{"class":76},[56,64857,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64859,5603],{"class":65},[56,64861,1217],{"class":827},[56,64863,1220],{"class":76},[56,64865,14036],{"class":80},[56,64867,306],{"class":76},[56,64869,14041],{"class":80},[56,64871,427],{"class":76},[56,64873,64874],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64875,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,64877,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,64879,9747],{"class":65},[56,64881,1217],{"class":827},[56,64883,23096],{"class":378},[56,64885,77],{"class":76},[56,64887,64888],{"class":72},"zip",[56,64890,77],{"class":76},[56,64892,5578],{"class":95},[56,64894,306],{"class":76},[56,64896,5650],{"class":95},[56,64898,1635],{"class":76},[56,64900,64901,64903,64905,64907],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,64902,373],{"class":72},[56,64904,77],{"class":76},[56,64906,9794],{"class":95},[56,64908,99],{"class":76},[20,64910,239],{},[47,64912,64914],{"className":49,"code":64913,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64915,64916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64917,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64919,22276],{"class":76},[56,64921,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64923,13414],{"class":1020},[56,64925,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64927,306],{"class":76},[56,64929,20433],{"class":80},[56,64931,9765],{"class":76},[56,64933,9768],{"class":76},[56,64935,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64937,36467],{"class":1020},[56,64939,3844],{"class":1016},[56,64941,306],{"class":76},[56,64943,14041],{"class":80},[56,64945,9781],{"class":76},[20,64947,64948,64949,64951,64952,156],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64950,53154],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[264,64953,53551],{"href":53550},[42,64955,1690],{"id":1689},[20,64957,57275,64958,156],{},[15,64959,1518],{},[353,64961,64963],{"id":64962},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64965,5066],{},[47,64967,64969],{"className":49,"code":64968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64970,64971,64975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64972,64973],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64974,5076],{"class":112},[56,64976,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,64978,379],{"class":378},[56,64980,77],{"class":76},[56,64982,529],{"class":80},[56,64984,306],{"class":76},[56,64986,414],{"class":80},[56,64988,306],{"class":76},[56,64990,419],{"class":80},[56,64992,99],{"class":76},[20,64994,64995,64997],{},[15,64996,1518],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64999,19230],{},[47,65001,65003],{"className":49,"code":65002,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,65004,65005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65006,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65008,373],{"class":72},[56,65010,77],{"class":76},[56,65012,379],{"class":378},[56,65014,6049],{"class":76},[56,65016,529],{"class":80},[56,65018,306],{"class":76},[56,65020,414],{"class":80},[56,65022,306],{"class":76},[56,65024,419],{"class":80},[56,65026,390],{"class":76},[353,65028,65030,65031],{"id":65029},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[56,65032,65033],{},"\"hello\"",[20,65035,65036],{},"This is a common surprise:",[47,65038,65040],{"className":49,"code":65039,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,65041,65042],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65043,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65045,373],{"class":72},[56,65047,77],{"class":76},[56,65049,379],{"class":378},[56,65051,77],{"class":76},[56,65053,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65055,4386],{"class":1020},[56,65057,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65059,1635],{"class":76},[20,65061,239],{},[47,65063,65065],{"className":49,"code":65064,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,65066,65067],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65068,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65070,402],{"class":76},[56,65072,3844],{"class":1016},[56,65074,60937],{"class":1020},[56,65076,3844],{"class":1016},[56,65078,306],{"class":76},[56,65080,3839],{"class":1016},[56,65082,60946],{"class":1020},[56,65084,3844],{"class":1016},[56,65086,306],{"class":76},[56,65088,3839],{"class":1016},[56,65090,60955],{"class":1020},[56,65092,3844],{"class":1016},[56,65094,306],{"class":76},[56,65096,3839],{"class":1016},[56,65098,60955],{"class":1020},[56,65100,3844],{"class":1016},[56,65102,306],{"class":76},[56,65104,3839],{"class":1016},[56,65106,60972],{"class":1020},[56,65108,3844],{"class":1016},[56,65110,427],{"class":76},[20,65112,65113],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65115,65116],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[47,65118,65120],{"className":49,"code":65119,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65121,65122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65123,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65125,373],{"class":72},[56,65127,3528],{"class":76},[56,65129,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65131,4386],{"class":1020},[56,65133,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65135,1294],{"class":76},[353,65137,65139],{"id":65138},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65141,65142],{},"This:",[47,65144,65146],{"className":49,"code":65145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65147,65148,65180],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65149,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65151,9697],{"class":65},[56,65153,1217],{"class":827},[56,65155,11023],{"class":76},[56,65157,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65159,264],{"class":1020},[56,65161,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65163,1045],{"class":76},[56,65165,409],{"class":80},[56,65167,306],{"class":76},[56,65169,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65171,1234],{"class":1020},[56,65173,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65175,1045],{"class":76},[56,65177,414],{"class":80},[56,65179,9841],{"class":76},[56,65181,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,65183,373],{"class":72},[56,65185,77],{"class":76},[56,65187,379],{"class":378},[56,65189,77],{"class":76},[56,65191,9736],{"class":95},[56,65193,1635],{"class":76},[20,65195,65196],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65198,2638,65199,65202],{},[15,65200,65201],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[353,65204,65206],{"id":65205},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65208,65209,65211],{},[15,65210,1518],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65213,65214],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[42,65216,2343],{"id":2342},[353,65218,5718,65220,65222],{"id":65219},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[56,65221],{}," and list()?",[20,65224,65225,65226,65228,65229,65231],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65227,4328],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65230,1518],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[353,65233,65235],{"id":65234},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65237,65238,65239,65241],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65240,1518],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[353,65243,65245],{"id":65244},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65247,65248],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[353,65250,65252],{"id":65251},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65254,65255],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[353,65257,65259],{"id":65258},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65261,65262,65263,65265],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65264,1518],{}," cannot loop through it.",[42,65267,2417],{"id":2416},[173,65269,65270,65274,65279,65283,65287,65291,65295,65300],{},[176,65271,65272],{},[264,65273,53273],{"href":51480},[176,65275,65276],{},[264,65277,65278],{"href":36713},"Python range() function explained",[176,65280,65281],{},[264,65282,63716],{"href":63715},[176,65284,65285],{},[264,65286,64048],{"href":64047},[176,65288,65289],{},[264,65290,5755],{"href":6125},[176,65292,65293],{},[264,65294,14325],{"href":14324},[176,65296,65297],{},[264,65298,65299],{"href":53101},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[176,65301,65302],{},[264,65303,54777],{"href":53550},[2451,65305,65306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":65308},[65309,65310,65311,65312,65313,65320,65321,65322,65327,65328,65335,65343],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":63418,"depth":87,"text":63419},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":60120,"depth":87,"text":60121},{"id":63646,"depth":87,"text":63647,"children":65314},[65315,65316,65317,65318,65319],{"id":63650,"depth":102,"text":63651},{"id":63719,"depth":102,"text":63720},{"id":63797,"depth":102,"text":63798},{"id":63872,"depth":102,"text":63873},{"id":63939,"depth":102,"text":63940},{"id":64051,"depth":87,"text":64052},{"id":64187,"depth":87,"text":64188},{"id":64487,"depth":87,"text":64488,"children":65323},[65324,65325,65326],{"id":64496,"depth":102,"text":64497},{"id":64586,"depth":102,"text":64587},{"id":64680,"depth":102,"text":64681},{"id":64795,"depth":87,"text":64796},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":65329},[65330,65331,65333,65334],{"id":64962,"depth":102,"text":64963},{"id":65029,"depth":102,"text":65332},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65138,"depth":102,"text":65139},{"id":65205,"depth":102,"text":65206},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":65336},[65337,65339,65340,65341,65342],{"id":65219,"depth":102,"text":65338},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65234,"depth":102,"text":65235},{"id":65244,"depth":102,"text":65245},{"id":65251,"depth":102,"text":65252},{"id":65258,"depth":102,"text":65259},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63252,"description":65344},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65351,"title":65352,"body":65353,"description":66703,"extension":2509,"meta":66704,"navigation":105,"path":66705,"seo":66706,"stem":66707,"__hash__":66708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65354,"toc":66677},[65355,65360,65366,65375,65377,65450,65459,65464,65468,65484,65488,65490,65492,65511,65514,65542,65545,65569,65577,65579,65584,65591,65593,65650,65652,65660,65666,65670,65673,65746,65748,65756,65759,65782,65789,65795,65799,65805,65876,65878,65886,65895,65902,65909,65917,66061,66063,66080,66083,66122,66125,66129,66134,66136,66195,66201,66204,66311,66313,66328,66331,66338,66340,66344,66492,66495,66556,66559,66562,66583,66588,66592,66603,66606,66608,66613,66616,66624,66629,66635,66638,66644,66652,66654,66674],[10,65356,54841,65358,11854],{"id":65357},"python-list-index-method",[15,65359,59468],{},[20,65361,65362,65365],{},[15,65363,65364],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65367,65368,65369,65372,65373,156],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[37,65370,65371],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65374,953],{},[42,65376,4151],{"id":4150},[47,65378,65380],{"className":49,"code":65379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65381,65382,65414,65437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65383,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65385,1214],{"class":65},[56,65387,1217],{"class":827},[56,65389,1220],{"class":76},[56,65391,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65393,4619],{"class":1020},[56,65395,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65397,306],{"class":76},[56,65399,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65401,4628],{"class":1020},[56,65403,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65405,306],{"class":76},[56,65407,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65409,4637],{"class":1020},[56,65411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65413,427],{"class":76},[56,65415,65416,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,65417,65418],{"class":65},"position ",[56,65420,1217],{"class":827},[56,65422,1287],{"class":65},[56,65424,156],{"class":76},[56,65426,1483],{"class":95},[56,65428,77],{"class":76},[56,65430,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65432,4628],{"class":1020},[56,65434,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65436,99],{"class":76},[56,65438,65439,65441,65443,65446,65448],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65440,373],{"class":72},[56,65442,77],{"class":76},[56,65444,65445],{"class":95},"position",[56,65447,4202],{"class":76},[56,65449,28310],{"class":112},[20,65451,2638,65452,65455,65456,65458],{},[15,65453,65454],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65457,953],{}," if the item is not found.",[42,65460,160,65462,163],{"id":65461},"what-listindex-does",[15,65463,65364],{},[20,65465,65466,1045],{},[15,65467,65364],{},[173,65469,65470,65473,65476,65481],{},[176,65471,65472],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[176,65474,65475],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[176,65477,65478,65479],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65480,152],{},[176,65482,65483],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65485,55066,65486,156],{},[264,65487,53273],{"href":55069},[42,65489,2702],{"id":2701},[20,65491,31255],{},[47,65493,65495],{"className":49,"code":65494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65496,65497],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65498,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65500,8870],{"class":65},[56,65502,156],{"class":76},[56,65504,1483],{"class":95},[56,65506,77],{"class":76},[56,65508,3017],{"class":95},[56,65510,99],{"class":76},[20,65512,65513],{},"You can also limit the search:",[47,65515,65517],{"className":49,"code":65516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65518,65519],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65520,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65522,8870],{"class":65},[56,65524,156],{"class":76},[56,65526,1483],{"class":95},[56,65528,77],{"class":76},[56,65530,3017],{"class":95},[56,65532,306],{"class":76},[56,65534,36576],{"class":95},[56,65536,306],{"class":76},[56,65538,65539],{"class":95}," end",[56,65541,99],{"class":76},[20,65543,65544],{},"Here is what each part means:",[173,65546,65547,65552,65557,65562],{},[176,65548,65549,65551],{},[15,65550,3017],{},": the item to search for",[176,65553,65554,65556],{},[15,65555,303],{},": where the search begins",[176,65558,65559,65561],{},[15,65560,53162],{},": where the search stops",[176,65563,65564,5322,65566,65568],{},[15,65565,53162],{},[37,65567,192],{}," in the search range",[20,65570,65571,65572,65574,65575,156],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65573,303],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65576,53162],{},[42,65578,38532],{"id":38531},[20,65580,65581,65583],{},[15,65582,65364],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65585,65586,65587,65590],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[37,65588,65589],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65592,986],{},[47,65594,65596],{"className":49,"code":65595,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65597,65598,65618,65636,65640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65599,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65601,1594],{"class":65},[56,65603,1217],{"class":827},[56,65605,1220],{"class":76},[56,65607,2291],{"class":80},[56,65609,306],{"class":76},[56,65611,8323],{"class":80},[56,65613,306],{"class":76},[56,65615,8328],{"class":80},[56,65617,427],{"class":76},[56,65619,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,65621,2775],{"class":65},[56,65623,1217],{"class":827},[56,65625,4804],{"class":65},[56,65627,156],{"class":76},[56,65629,1483],{"class":95},[56,65631,77],{"class":76},[56,65633,16289],{"class":80},[56,65635,99],{"class":76},[56,65637,65638],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65639,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,65641,65642,65644,65646,65648],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,65643,373],{"class":72},[56,65645,77],{"class":76},[56,65647,2809],{"class":95},[56,65649,99],{"class":76},[20,65651,239],{},[47,65653,65654],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,65655,65656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65657,65658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65659,254],{"class":80},[20,65661,65662,65663,65665],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65664,59468],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[42,65667,65669],{"id":65668},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65671,65672],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[47,65674,65676],{"className":49,"code":65675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65677,65678,65710,65732,65736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65679,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65681,36756],{"class":65},[56,65683,1217],{"class":827},[56,65685,1220],{"class":76},[56,65687,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65689,4619],{"class":1020},[56,65691,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65693,306],{"class":76},[56,65695,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65697,4628],{"class":1020},[56,65699,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65701,306],{"class":76},[56,65703,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65705,4637],{"class":1020},[56,65707,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65709,427],{"class":76},[56,65711,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,65713,65418],{"class":65},[56,65715,1217],{"class":827},[56,65717,53353],{"class":65},[56,65719,156],{"class":76},[56,65721,1483],{"class":95},[56,65723,77],{"class":76},[56,65725,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65727,4637],{"class":1020},[56,65729,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65731,99],{"class":76},[56,65733,65734],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65735,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,65737,65738,65740,65742,65744],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,65739,373],{"class":72},[56,65741,77],{"class":76},[56,65743,65445],{"class":95},[56,65745,99],{"class":76},[20,65747,239],{},[47,65749,65750],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,65751,65752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65753,65754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65755,259],{"class":80},[20,65757,65758],{},"In this list:",[173,65760,65761,65768,65775],{},[176,65762,65763,65765,65766],{},[15,65764,58333],{}," is at index ",[15,65767,152],{},[176,65769,65770,65765,65773],{},[15,65771,65772],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65774,529],{},[176,65776,65777,65765,65780],{},[15,65778,65779],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65781,463],{},[20,65783,54154,65784,2942,65787,156],{},[15,65785,65786],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65788,463],{},[20,65790,52044,65791,156],{},[264,65792,65794],{"href":65793},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[42,65796,65798],{"id":65797},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65800,65801,65802,65804],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65803,59468],{}," returns the first match only.",[47,65806,65808],{"className":49,"code":65807,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65809,65810,65850,65854],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65811,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65813,13609],{"class":65},[56,65815,1217],{"class":827},[56,65817,1220],{"class":76},[56,65819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65821,13626],{"class":1020},[56,65823,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65825,306],{"class":76},[56,65827,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65829,13643],{"class":1020},[56,65831,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65833,306],{"class":76},[56,65835,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65837,13626],{"class":1020},[56,65839,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65841,306],{"class":76},[56,65843,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65845,17990],{"class":1020},[56,65847,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65849,427],{"class":76},[56,65851,65852],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,65853,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,65855,65856,65858,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65857,373],{"class":72},[56,65859,77],{"class":76},[56,65861,18037],{"class":95},[56,65863,156],{"class":76},[56,65865,1483],{"class":95},[56,65867,77],{"class":76},[56,65869,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65871,13626],{"class":1020},[56,65873,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65875,1635],{"class":76},[20,65877,239],{},[47,65879,65880],{"className":49,"code":249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,65881,65882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65883,65884],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65885,249],{"class":80},[20,65887,21513,65888,65891,65892,65894],{},[15,65889,65890],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65893,152],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65896,65897,65898,156],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[264,65899,56019,65900,11273],{"href":59527},[15,65901,57790],{},[42,65903,958,65905,4935,65907],{"id":65904},"using-start-and-end",[15,65906,303],{},[15,65908,53162],{},[20,65910,65911,65912,4935,65914,65916],{},"The optional ",[15,65913,303],{},[15,65915,53162],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[47,65918,65920],{"className":49,"code":65919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65921,65922,65970,65974,65999,66028],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65923,65924,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65925,36614],{"class":65},[56,65927,1217],{"class":827},[56,65929,1220],{"class":76},[56,65931,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65933,264],{"class":1020},[56,65935,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65937,306],{"class":76},[56,65939,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65941,1234],{"class":1020},[56,65943,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65945,306],{"class":76},[56,65947,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65949,1243],{"class":1020},[56,65951,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65953,306],{"class":76},[56,65955,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65957,1234],{"class":1020},[56,65959,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65961,306],{"class":76},[56,65963,1231],{"class":1016},[56,65965,19303],{"class":1020},[56,65967,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65969,427],{"class":76},[56,65971,65972],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,65973,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,65975,65976,65978,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65977,373],{"class":72},[56,65979,77],{"class":76},[56,65981,36666],{"class":95},[56,65983,156],{"class":76},[56,65985,1483],{"class":95},[56,65987,77],{"class":76},[56,65989,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65991,1234],{"class":1020},[56,65993,1017],{"class":1016},[56,65995,5901],{"class":76},[56,65997,65998],{"class":112},"        # first match\n",[56,66000,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,66002,373],{"class":72},[56,66004,77],{"class":76},[56,66006,36666],{"class":95},[56,66008,156],{"class":76},[56,66010,1483],{"class":95},[56,66012,77],{"class":76},[56,66014,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66016,1234],{"class":1020},[56,66018,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66020,306],{"class":76},[56,66022,414],{"class":80},[56,66024,5901],{"class":76},[56,66026,66027],{"class":112},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[56,66029,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,66031,373],{"class":72},[56,66033,77],{"class":76},[56,66035,36666],{"class":95},[56,66037,156],{"class":76},[56,66039,1483],{"class":95},[56,66041,77],{"class":76},[56,66043,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66045,1234],{"class":1020},[56,66047,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66049,306],{"class":76},[56,66051,409],{"class":80},[56,66053,306],{"class":76},[56,66055,424],{"class":80},[56,66057,5901],{"class":76},[56,66059,66060],{"class":112},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,66062,239],{},[47,66064,66066],{"className":49,"code":66065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,66067,66068,66072,66076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66069,66070],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66071,254],{"class":80},[56,66073,66074],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,66075,47123],{"class":80},[56,66077,66078],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66079,254],{"class":80},[20,66081,66082],{},"How this works:",[173,66084,66085,66097,66110],{},[176,66086,66087,66090,66091,66094,66095],{},[15,66088,66089],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66092,66093],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66096,529],{},[176,66098,66099,66102,66103,66105,66106,66094,66108],{},[15,66100,66101],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66104,463],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66107,66093],{},[15,66109,223],{},[176,66111,66112,66115,66116,2735,66118,17607,66120],{},[15,66113,66114],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66117,529],{},[15,66119,463],{},[15,66121,223],{},[20,66123,66124],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[42,66126,66128],{"id":66127},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66130,66131,66132,156],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66133,953],{},[20,66135,986],{},[47,66137,66139],{"className":49,"code":66138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66140,66141,66173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66142,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66144,1214],{"class":65},[56,66146,1217],{"class":827},[56,66148,1220],{"class":76},[56,66150,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66152,4619],{"class":1020},[56,66154,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66156,306],{"class":76},[56,66158,1231],{"class":1016},[56,66160,4628],{"class":1020},[56,66162,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66164,306],{"class":76},[56,66166,1231],{"class":1016},[56,66168,4637],{"class":1020},[56,66170,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66172,427],{"class":76},[56,66174,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189,66191,66193],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,66176,373],{"class":72},[56,66178,77],{"class":76},[56,66180,1271],{"class":95},[56,66182,156],{"class":76},[56,66184,1483],{"class":95},[56,66186,77],{"class":76},[56,66188,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66190,33751],{"class":1020},[56,66192,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66194,1635],{"class":76},[20,66196,40164,66197,66200],{},[15,66198,66199],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66202,66203],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[47,66205,66207],{"className":49,"code":66206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66208,66209,66241,66254,66258,66271,66290,66296],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66210,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66212,1214],{"class":65},[56,66214,1217],{"class":827},[56,66216,1220],{"class":76},[56,66218,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66220,4619],{"class":1020},[56,66222,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66224,306],{"class":76},[56,66226,1231],{"class":1016},[56,66228,4628],{"class":1020},[56,66230,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66232,306],{"class":76},[56,66234,1231],{"class":1016},[56,66236,4637],{"class":1020},[56,66238,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66240,427],{"class":76},[56,66242,66243,66246,66248,66250,66252],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,66244,66245],{"class":65},"search_value ",[56,66247,1217],{"class":827},[56,66249,1231],{"class":1016},[56,66251,33751],{"class":1020},[56,66253,3903],{"class":1016},[56,66255,66256],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66257,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,66259,66260,66262,66265,66267,66269],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,66261,7529],{"class":62},[56,66263,66264],{"class":65}," search_value ",[56,66266,69],{"class":827},[56,66268,1287],{"class":65},[56,66270,1390],{"class":76},[56,66272,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66288],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,66274,90],{"class":72},[56,66276,77],{"class":76},[56,66278,1271],{"class":95},[56,66280,156],{"class":76},[56,66282,1483],{"class":95},[56,66284,77],{"class":76},[56,66286,66287],{"class":95},"search_value",[56,66289,1635],{"class":76},[56,66291,66292,66294],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,66293,27964],{"class":62},[56,66295,1390],{"class":76},[56,66297,66298,66300,66302,66304,66307,66309],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,66299,90],{"class":72},[56,66301,77],{"class":76},[56,66303,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66305,66306],{"class":1020},"Item not found",[56,66308,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66310,99],{"class":76},[20,66312,239],{},[47,66314,66316],{"className":49,"code":66315,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Item not found\n",[15,66317,66318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66319,66320,66323,66325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66321,66322],{"class":65},"Item ",[56,66324,5170],{"class":827},[56,66326,66327],{"class":65}," found\n",[20,66329,66330],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66332,66333,66334,156],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[264,66335,66337],{"href":66336},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[42,66339,1690],{"id":1689},[20,66341,21747,66342,1045],{},[15,66343,65364],{},[173,66345,66346,66364,66376,66436],{},[176,66347,26307,66348,2942,66350,66353,66354,66356,66357,5700,66359,66361,66362,156],{},[15,66349,59468],{},[15,66351,66352],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10378,66355],{},"\nPython does ",[37,66358,5170],{},[15,66360,66352],{},". It raises ",[15,66363,953],{},[176,66365,66366,66367,66369,66372,66373,66375],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10378,66368],{},[15,66370,66371],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66374,65772],{},", not the value itself.",[176,66377,958,66378,11624,66381,66383,66385,66386,17191,66388,66411,17179,66413],{},[15,66379,66380],{},"index[]",[15,66382,59468],{},[10378,66384],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10378,66387],{},[47,66389,66391],{"className":49,"code":66390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66392,66393],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66394,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66396,1271],{"class":65},[56,66398,156],{"class":76},[56,66400,1483],{"class":95},[56,66402,77],{"class":76},[56,66404,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66406,4628],{"class":1020},[56,66408,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66410,99],{"class":76},[10378,66412],{},[47,66414,66416],{"className":49,"code":66415,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66417,66418],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66419,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66421,1271],{"class":65},[56,66423,156],{"class":76},[56,66425,1483],{"class":25284},[56,66427,402],{"class":76},[56,66429,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66431,4628],{"class":1020},[56,66433,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66435,427],{"class":76},[176,66437,66438,66439,66441,4935,66444,66446,66447],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10378,66440],{},[15,66442,66443],{},"\"3\"",[15,66445,223],{}," are different values in Python.",[47,66448,66450],{"className":49,"code":66449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66451,66452,66472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66453,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66455,1594],{"class":65},[56,66457,1217],{"class":827},[56,66459,1220],{"class":76},[56,66461,529],{"class":80},[56,66463,306],{"class":76},[56,66465,414],{"class":80},[56,66467,306],{"class":76},[56,66469,419],{"class":80},[56,66471,427],{"class":76},[56,66473,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,66475,373],{"class":72},[56,66477,77],{"class":76},[56,66479,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66481,223],{"class":1020},[56,66483,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66485,21709],{"class":62},[56,66487,4804],{"class":95},[56,66489,4202],{"class":76},[56,66491,5310],{"class":112},[20,66493,66494],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[47,66496,66498],{"className":49,"code":66497,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66499,66500,66510,66524,66538],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66501,66502,66504,66506,66508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66503,373],{"class":72},[56,66505,77],{"class":76},[56,66507,8870],{"class":95},[56,66509,99],{"class":76},[56,66511,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,66513,373],{"class":72},[56,66515,77],{"class":76},[56,66517,2312],{"class":378},[56,66519,77],{"class":76},[56,66521,66287],{"class":95},[56,66523,1635],{"class":76},[56,66525,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66527,373],{"class":72},[56,66529,77],{"class":76},[56,66531,66245],{"class":95},[56,66533,69],{"class":62},[56,66535,8926],{"class":95},[56,66537,99],{"class":76},[56,66539,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,66541,373],{"class":72},[56,66543,77],{"class":76},[56,66545,8870],{"class":95},[56,66547,156],{"class":76},[56,66549,1483],{"class":95},[56,66551,77],{"class":76},[56,66553,66287],{"class":95},[56,66555,1635],{"class":76},[20,66557,66558],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66560,66561],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[173,66563,66564,66567,66574,66580],{},[176,66565,66566],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[176,66568,66569,66570,11624,66572],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66571,66443],{},[15,66573,223],{},[176,66575,66576,66577,66579],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66578,59468],{}," returns only the first one",[176,66581,66582],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[42,66584,5500,66586],{"id":66585},"when-to-use-index",[15,66587,59468],{},[20,66589,2638,66590,11133],{},[15,66591,59468],{},[173,66593,66594,66597,66600],{},[176,66595,66596],{},"You need the position of a known value",[176,66598,66599],{},"You are working with a small list",[176,66601,66602],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66604,66605],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[42,66607,2343],{"id":2342},[353,66609,5682,66611,5685],{"id":66610},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66612,65364],{},[20,66614,66615],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[353,66617,2347,66619,5700,66621,66623],{"id":66618},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66620,65364],{},[15,66622,66352],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66625,66626,66627,7162],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66628,953],{},[353,66630,2372,66632,66634],{"id":66631},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66633,65364],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66636,66637],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[353,66639,66641,66642,2363],{"id":66640},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66643,59468],{},[20,66645,66646,66647,4935,66649,66651],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66648,303],{},[15,66650,53162],{}," arguments.",[42,66653,2417],{"id":2416},[173,66655,66656,66660,66664,66668],{},[176,66657,66658],{},[264,66659,59456],{"href":65793},[176,66661,66662],{},[264,66663,53273],{"href":55069},[176,66665,66666],{},[264,66667,66337],{"href":66336},[176,66669,66670],{},[264,66671,56019,66672,11273],{"href":59527},[15,66673,57790],{},[2451,66675,66676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":66678},[66679,66680,66682,66683,66684,66685,66686,66688,66689,66690,66692,66702],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":65461,"depth":87,"text":66681},"What list.index() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":38531,"depth":87,"text":38532},{"id":65668,"depth":87,"text":65669},{"id":65797,"depth":87,"text":65798},{"id":65904,"depth":87,"text":66687},"Using start and end",{"id":66127,"depth":87,"text":66128},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690},{"id":66585,"depth":87,"text":66691},"When to use index()",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":66693},[66694,66696,66698,66700],{"id":66610,"depth":102,"text":66695},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66618,"depth":102,"text":66697},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66631,"depth":102,"text":66699},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66640,"depth":102,"text":66701},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65352,"description":66703},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66710,"title":66711,"body":66712,"description":68654,"extension":2509,"meta":68655,"navigation":105,"path":68656,"seo":68657,"stem":68658,"__hash__":68659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66713,"toc":68614},[66714,66719,66724,66727,66736,66793,66799,66804,66808,66822,66828,66830,66853,66870,66872,66933,66935,66967,66980,66982,66985,67085,67087,67165,67171,67175,67183,67187,67193,67248,67250,67274,67278,67281,67334,67336,67360,67364,67367,67420,67422,67446,67450,67456,67527,67529,67570,67576,67583,67586,67591,67599,67604,67612,67614,67711,67713,67782,67789,67794,67796,67800,67805,67807,67878,67880,67909,67915,67917,67944,67947,67970,67974,67977,67999,68002,68025,68027,68087,68089,68121,68127,68132,68185,68187,68212,68215,68264,68266,68287,68291,68296,68299,68354,68356,68383,68390,68394,68399,68470,68473,68487,68492,68497,68499,68513,68525,68530,68532,68537,68542,68546,68549,68555,68561,68568,68576,68578,68611],[10,66715,54841,66717,11854],{"id":66716},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66718,54767],{},[20,66720,66721,66723],{},[15,66722,54412],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66725,66726],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66728,2638,66729,66731,66732,156],{},[15,66730,54767],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[264,66733,56019,66734,11273],{"href":57268},[15,66735,53154],{},[47,66737,66739],{"className":49,"code":66738,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66740,66741,66761,66779,66789],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66742,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66744,1594],{"class":65},[56,66746,1217],{"class":827},[56,66748,1220],{"class":76},[56,66750,529],{"class":80},[56,66752,306],{"class":76},[56,66754,414],{"class":80},[56,66756,306],{"class":76},[56,66758,424],{"class":80},[56,66760,427],{"class":76},[56,66762,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,66764,1618],{"class":65},[56,66766,156],{"class":76},[56,66768,54452],{"class":95},[56,66770,77],{"class":76},[56,66772,463],{"class":80},[56,66774,306],{"class":76},[56,66776,419],{"class":80},[56,66778,99],{"class":76},[56,66780,66781,66783,66785,66787],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66782,373],{"class":72},[56,66784,77],{"class":76},[56,66786,1618],{"class":95},[56,66788,99],{"class":76},[56,66790,66791],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,66792,53225],{"class":112},[20,66794,2638,66795,66798],{},[15,66796,66797],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[42,66800,160,66802,163],{"id":66801},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66803,54412],{},[20,66805,66806,1045],{},[15,66807,54412],{},[173,66809,66810,66813,66816,66818],{},[176,66811,66812],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[176,66814,66815],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[176,66817,54927],{},[176,66819,11956,66820],{},[15,66821,4319],{},[20,66823,66824,66825,66827],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66826,54767],{}," does not create a new list.",[42,66829,5971],{"id":5970},[47,66831,66833],{"className":49,"code":66832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66834,66835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66836,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66838,8870],{"class":65},[56,66840,156],{"class":76},[56,66842,54452],{"class":95},[56,66844,77],{"class":76},[56,66846,1483],{"class":95},[56,66848,306],{"class":76},[56,66850,1488],{"class":95},[56,66852,99],{"class":76},[173,66854,66855,66860,66865],{},[176,66856,66857,66859],{},[15,66858,1483],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[176,66861,66862,66864],{},[15,66863,1399],{}," is the value to add",[176,66866,66867,66868],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66869,152],{},[20,66871,986],{},[47,66873,66875],{"className":49,"code":66874,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66876,66877,66901,66923],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66878,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66880,36614],{"class":65},[56,66882,1217],{"class":827},[56,66884,1220],{"class":76},[56,66886,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66888,264],{"class":1020},[56,66890,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66892,306],{"class":76},[56,66894,1231],{"class":1016},[56,66896,1243],{"class":1020},[56,66898,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66900,427],{"class":76},[56,66902,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,66904,36666],{"class":65},[56,66906,156],{"class":76},[56,66908,54452],{"class":95},[56,66910,77],{"class":76},[56,66912,529],{"class":80},[56,66914,306],{"class":76},[56,66916,1231],{"class":1016},[56,66918,1234],{"class":1020},[56,66920,1017],{"class":1016},[56,66922,99],{"class":76},[56,66924,66925,66927,66929,66931],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66926,373],{"class":72},[56,66928,77],{"class":76},[56,66930,36666],{"class":95},[56,66932,99],{"class":76},[20,66934,239],{},[47,66936,66937],{"className":49,"code":43382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,66938,66939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66940,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66942,402],{"class":76},[56,66944,3844],{"class":1016},[56,66946,264],{"class":1020},[56,66948,3844],{"class":1016},[56,66950,306],{"class":76},[56,66952,3839],{"class":1016},[56,66954,1234],{"class":1020},[56,66956,3844],{"class":1016},[56,66958,306],{"class":76},[56,66960,3839],{"class":1016},[56,66962,1243],{"class":1020},[56,66964,3844],{"class":1016},[56,66966,427],{"class":76},[20,66968,21306,66969,66971,66972,66974,66975,4935,66977,156],{},[15,66970,66093],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66973,529],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66976,18631],{},[15,66978,66979],{},"\"c\"",[42,66981,6326],{"id":6325},[20,66983,66984],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[47,66986,66988],{"className":49,"code":66987,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66989,66990,67022,67040,67044,67066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66991,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66993,13609],{"class":65},[56,66995,1217],{"class":827},[56,66997,1220],{"class":76},[56,66999,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67001,13626],{"class":1020},[56,67003,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67005,306],{"class":76},[56,67007,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67009,13643],{"class":1020},[56,67011,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67013,306],{"class":76},[56,67015,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67017,17990],{"class":1020},[56,67019,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67021,427],{"class":76},[56,67023,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67025,373],{"class":72},[56,67027,77],{"class":76},[56,67029,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67031,12097],{"class":1020},[56,67033,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67035,306],{"class":76},[56,67037,13657],{"class":95},[56,67039,99],{"class":76},[56,67041,67042],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67043,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,67045,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,67047,18037],{"class":65},[56,67049,156],{"class":76},[56,67051,54452],{"class":95},[56,67053,77],{"class":76},[56,67055,529],{"class":80},[56,67057,306],{"class":76},[56,67059,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67061,23060],{"class":1020},[56,67063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67065,99],{"class":76},[56,67067,67068,67070,67072,67074,67077,67079,67081,67083],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,67069,373],{"class":72},[56,67071,77],{"class":76},[56,67073,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67075,67076],{"class":1020},"After: ",[56,67078,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67080,306],{"class":76},[56,67082,13657],{"class":95},[56,67084,99],{"class":76},[20,67086,239],{},[47,67088,67090],{"className":49,"code":67089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67091,67092,67124],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67093,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67095,12157],{"class":65},[56,67097,1045],{"class":76},[56,67099,1220],{"class":76},[56,67101,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67103,13626],{"class":1020},[56,67105,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67107,306],{"class":76},[56,67109,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67111,13643],{"class":1020},[56,67113,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67115,306],{"class":76},[56,67117,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67119,17990],{"class":1020},[56,67121,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67123,427],{"class":76},[56,67125,67126,67128,67130,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67127,12210],{"class":65},[56,67129,1045],{"class":76},[56,67131,67132],{"class":76},"  [",[56,67134,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67136,13626],{"class":1020},[56,67138,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67140,306],{"class":76},[56,67142,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67144,23060],{"class":1020},[56,67146,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67148,306],{"class":76},[56,67150,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67152,13643],{"class":1020},[56,67154,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67156,306],{"class":76},[56,67158,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67160,17990],{"class":1020},[56,67162,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67164,427],{"class":76},[20,67166,67167,67168,67170],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67169,529],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[42,67172,67174],{"id":67173},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67176,2526,67177,35859,67179,67182],{},[15,67178,1483],{},[15,67180,67181],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[353,67184,67186],{"id":67185},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67188,67189,67190,67192],{},"Use index ",[15,67191,152],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[47,67194,67196],{"className":49,"code":67195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67197,67198,67219,67238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67199,67200,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67201,67202],{"class":65},"nums ",[56,67204,1217],{"class":827},[56,67206,1220],{"class":76},[56,67208,463],{"class":80},[56,67210,306],{"class":76},[56,67212,419],{"class":80},[56,67214,306],{"class":76},[56,67216,424],{"class":80},[56,67218,427],{"class":76},[56,67220,67221,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67222,67223],{"class":65},"nums",[56,67225,156],{"class":76},[56,67227,54452],{"class":95},[56,67229,77],{"class":76},[56,67231,152],{"class":80},[56,67233,306],{"class":76},[56,67235,409],{"class":80},[56,67237,99],{"class":76},[56,67239,67240,67242,67244,67246],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67241,373],{"class":72},[56,67243,77],{"class":76},[56,67245,67223],{"class":95},[56,67247,99],{"class":76},[20,67249,239],{},[47,67251,67252],{"className":49,"code":1767,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67253,67254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67255,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67257,402],{"class":76},[56,67259,529],{"class":80},[56,67261,306],{"class":76},[56,67263,414],{"class":80},[56,67265,306],{"class":76},[56,67267,419],{"class":80},[56,67269,306],{"class":76},[56,67271,424],{"class":80},[56,67273,427],{"class":76},[353,67275,67277],{"id":67276},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67279,67280],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[47,67282,67284],{"className":49,"code":67283,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67285,67286,67306,67324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67287,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67289,67202],{"class":65},[56,67291,1217],{"class":827},[56,67293,1220],{"class":76},[56,67295,529],{"class":80},[56,67297,306],{"class":76},[56,67299,414],{"class":80},[56,67301,306],{"class":76},[56,67303,424],{"class":80},[56,67305,427],{"class":76},[56,67307,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67309,67223],{"class":65},[56,67311,156],{"class":76},[56,67313,54452],{"class":95},[56,67315,77],{"class":76},[56,67317,463],{"class":80},[56,67319,306],{"class":76},[56,67321,419],{"class":80},[56,67323,99],{"class":76},[56,67325,67326,67328,67330,67332],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67327,373],{"class":72},[56,67329,77],{"class":76},[56,67331,67223],{"class":95},[56,67333,99],{"class":76},[20,67335,239],{},[47,67337,67338],{"className":49,"code":1767,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67339,67340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67341,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67343,402],{"class":76},[56,67345,529],{"class":80},[56,67347,306],{"class":76},[56,67349,414],{"class":80},[56,67351,306],{"class":76},[56,67353,419],{"class":80},[56,67355,306],{"class":76},[56,67357,424],{"class":80},[56,67359,427],{"class":76},[353,67361,67363],{"id":67362},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67365,67366],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[47,67368,67370],{"className":49,"code":67369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67371,67372,67392,67410],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67373,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67375,67202],{"class":65},[56,67377,1217],{"class":827},[56,67379,1220],{"class":76},[56,67381,529],{"class":80},[56,67383,306],{"class":76},[56,67385,414],{"class":80},[56,67387,306],{"class":76},[56,67389,419],{"class":80},[56,67391,427],{"class":76},[56,67393,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67395,67223],{"class":65},[56,67397,156],{"class":76},[56,67399,54452],{"class":95},[56,67401,77],{"class":76},[56,67403,2291],{"class":80},[56,67405,306],{"class":76},[56,67407,424],{"class":80},[56,67409,99],{"class":76},[56,67411,67412,67414,67416,67418],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67413,373],{"class":72},[56,67415,77],{"class":76},[56,67417,67223],{"class":95},[56,67419,99],{"class":76},[20,67421,239],{},[47,67423,67424],{"className":49,"code":1767,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67425,67426],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67427,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67429,402],{"class":76},[56,67431,529],{"class":80},[56,67433,306],{"class":76},[56,67435,414],{"class":80},[56,67437,306],{"class":76},[56,67439,419],{"class":80},[56,67441,306],{"class":76},[56,67443,424],{"class":80},[56,67445,427],{"class":76},[353,67447,67449],{"id":67448},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67451,67452,67453,67455],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67454,54767],{}," places the item before that position.",[47,67457,67459],{"className":49,"code":67458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67460,67461,67493,67517],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67462,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67464,36614],{"class":65},[56,67466,1217],{"class":827},[56,67468,1220],{"class":76},[56,67470,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67472,264],{"class":1020},[56,67474,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67476,306],{"class":76},[56,67478,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67480,1234],{"class":1020},[56,67482,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67484,306],{"class":76},[56,67486,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67488,19303],{"class":1020},[56,67490,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67492,427],{"class":76},[56,67494,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67496,36666],{"class":65},[56,67498,156],{"class":76},[56,67500,54452],{"class":95},[56,67502,77],{"class":76},[56,67504,2568],{"class":827},[56,67506,529],{"class":80},[56,67508,306],{"class":76},[56,67510,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67512,1243],{"class":1020},[56,67514,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67516,99],{"class":76},[56,67518,67519,67521,67523,67525],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67520,373],{"class":72},[56,67522,77],{"class":76},[56,67524,36666],{"class":95},[56,67526,99],{"class":76},[20,67528,239],{},[47,67530,67532],{"className":49,"code":67531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67533,67534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67535,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67537,402],{"class":76},[56,67539,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67541,264],{"class":1020},[56,67543,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67545,306],{"class":76},[56,67547,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67549,1234],{"class":1020},[56,67551,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67553,306],{"class":76},[56,67555,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67557,1243],{"class":1020},[56,67559,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67561,306],{"class":76},[56,67563,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67565,19303],{"class":1020},[56,67567,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67569,427],{"class":76},[20,67571,67572,67573,2849],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[264,67574,67575],{"href":51480},"Python lists beginner guide",[42,67577,67579,1682,67581],{"id":67578},"insert-vs-append",[15,67580,54767],{},[15,67582,53154],{},[20,67584,67585],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[353,67587,2638,67589,11133],{"id":67588},"use-insert-when",[15,67590,54767],{},[173,67592,67593,67596],{},[176,67594,67595],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[176,67597,67598],{},"The order of the list matters",[353,67600,2638,67602,11133],{"id":67601},"use-append-when",[15,67603,53154],{},[173,67605,67606,67609],{},[176,67607,67608],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[176,67610,67611],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67613,986],{},[47,67615,67617],{"className":49,"code":67616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67618,67619,67643,67647,67669,67679,67683,67701],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67620,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67622,1214],{"class":65},[56,67624,1217],{"class":827},[56,67626,1220],{"class":76},[56,67628,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67630,4619],{"class":1020},[56,67632,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67634,306],{"class":76},[56,67636,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67638,33751],{"class":1020},[56,67640,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67642,427],{"class":76},[56,67644,67645],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67646,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,67648,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67650,1271],{"class":65},[56,67652,156],{"class":76},[56,67654,54452],{"class":95},[56,67656,77],{"class":76},[56,67658,529],{"class":80},[56,67660,306],{"class":76},[56,67662,1231],{"class":1016},[56,67664,4628],{"class":1020},[56,67666,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67668,99],{"class":76},[56,67670,67671,67673,67675,67677],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,67672,373],{"class":72},[56,67674,77],{"class":76},[56,67676,1271],{"class":95},[56,67678,99],{"class":76},[56,67680,67681],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,67682,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,67684,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,67686,1271],{"class":65},[56,67688,156],{"class":76},[56,67690,14087],{"class":95},[56,67692,77],{"class":76},[56,67694,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67696,23069],{"class":1020},[56,67698,1017],{"class":1016},[56,67700,99],{"class":76},[56,67702,67703,67705,67707,67709],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,67704,373],{"class":72},[56,67706,77],{"class":76},[56,67708,1271],{"class":95},[56,67710,99],{"class":76},[20,67712,239],{},[47,67714,67716],{"className":49,"code":67715,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67717,67718,67746],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67719,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67721,402],{"class":76},[56,67723,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67725,4619],{"class":1020},[56,67727,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67729,306],{"class":76},[56,67731,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67733,4628],{"class":1020},[56,67735,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67737,306],{"class":76},[56,67739,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67741,33751],{"class":1020},[56,67743,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67745,427],{"class":76},[56,67747,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67749,402],{"class":76},[56,67751,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67753,4619],{"class":1020},[56,67755,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67757,306],{"class":76},[56,67759,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67761,4628],{"class":1020},[56,67763,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67765,306],{"class":76},[56,67767,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67769,33751],{"class":1020},[56,67771,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67773,306],{"class":76},[56,67775,3839],{"class":1016},[56,67777,23069],{"class":1020},[56,67779,3844],{"class":1016},[56,67781,427],{"class":76},[20,67783,67784,67785,156],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[264,67786,56019,67787,11273],{"href":57268},[15,67788,53154],{},[20,67790,67791,67792,156],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[264,67793,53551],{"href":53550},[42,67795,1690],{"id":1689},[20,67797,15268,67798,156],{},[15,67799,54767],{},[353,67801,13128,67803],{"id":67802},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67804,54767],{},[20,67806,26223],{},[47,67808,67810],{"className":49,"code":67809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67811,67812,67832,67854,67858,67868],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67813,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67815,1594],{"class":65},[56,67817,1217],{"class":827},[56,67819,1220],{"class":76},[56,67821,529],{"class":80},[56,67823,306],{"class":76},[56,67825,414],{"class":80},[56,67827,306],{"class":76},[56,67829,419],{"class":80},[56,67831,427],{"class":76},[56,67833,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67835,2775],{"class":65},[56,67837,1217],{"class":827},[56,67839,4804],{"class":65},[56,67841,156],{"class":76},[56,67843,54452],{"class":95},[56,67845,77],{"class":76},[56,67847,529],{"class":80},[56,67849,306],{"class":76},[56,67851,10729],{"class":80},[56,67853,99],{"class":76},[56,67855,67856],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67857,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,67859,67860,67862,67864,67866],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,67861,373],{"class":72},[56,67863,77],{"class":76},[56,67865,2809],{"class":95},[56,67867,99],{"class":76},[56,67869,67870,67872,67874,67876],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,67871,373],{"class":72},[56,67873,77],{"class":76},[56,67875,1618],{"class":95},[56,67877,99],{"class":76},[20,67879,239],{},[47,67881,67883],{"className":49,"code":67882,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67884,67885,67889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67886,67887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67888,12342],{"class":4393},[56,67890,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,67892,402],{"class":76},[56,67894,529],{"class":80},[56,67896,306],{"class":76},[56,67898,10729],{"class":80},[56,67900,306],{"class":76},[56,67902,414],{"class":80},[56,67904,306],{"class":76},[56,67906,419],{"class":80},[56,67908,427],{"class":76},[20,67910,67911,54652,67913,156],{},[15,67912,54767],{},[15,67914,4319],{},[20,67916,17179],{},[47,67918,67920],{"className":49,"code":67919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67921,67922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67923,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67925,56389],{"class":65},[56,67927,1217],{"class":827},[56,67929,4804],{"class":65},[56,67931,156],{"class":76},[56,67933,54452],{"class":95},[56,67935,77],{"class":76},[56,67937,529],{"class":80},[56,67939,306],{"class":76},[56,67941,10729],{"class":80},[56,67943,99],{"class":76},[20,67945,67946],{},"Right:",[47,67948,67950],{"className":49,"code":67949,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67951,67952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67953,67954,67956,67958,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67955,1618],{"class":65},[56,67957,156],{"class":76},[56,67959,54452],{"class":95},[56,67961,77],{"class":76},[56,67963,529],{"class":80},[56,67965,306],{"class":76},[56,67967,10729],{"class":80},[56,67969,99],{"class":76},[353,67971,67973],{"id":67972},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67975,67976],{},"The correct order is:",[47,67978,67979],{"className":49,"code":66832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67980,67981],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67982,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67984,8870],{"class":65},[56,67986,156],{"class":76},[56,67988,54452],{"class":95},[56,67990,77],{"class":76},[56,67992,1483],{"class":95},[56,67994,306],{"class":76},[56,67996,1488],{"class":95},[56,67998,99],{"class":76},[20,68000,68001],{},"Not:",[47,68003,68005],{"className":49,"code":68004,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,68006,68007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68008,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68010,8870],{"class":65},[56,68012,156],{"class":76},[56,68014,54452],{"class":95},[56,68016,77],{"class":76},[56,68018,1399],{"class":95},[56,68020,306],{"class":76},[56,68022,1459],{"class":95},[56,68024,99],{"class":76},[20,68026,986],{},[47,68028,68029],{"className":49,"code":66874,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68030,68031,68055,68077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68032,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051,68053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68034,36614],{"class":65},[56,68036,1217],{"class":827},[56,68038,1220],{"class":76},[56,68040,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68042,264],{"class":1020},[56,68044,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68046,306],{"class":76},[56,68048,1231],{"class":1016},[56,68050,1243],{"class":1020},[56,68052,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68054,427],{"class":76},[56,68056,68057,68059,68061,68063,68065,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68058,36666],{"class":65},[56,68060,156],{"class":76},[56,68062,54452],{"class":95},[56,68064,77],{"class":76},[56,68066,529],{"class":80},[56,68068,306],{"class":76},[56,68070,1231],{"class":1016},[56,68072,1234],{"class":1020},[56,68074,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68076,99],{"class":76},[56,68078,68079,68081,68083,68085],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68080,373],{"class":72},[56,68082,77],{"class":76},[56,68084,36666],{"class":95},[56,68086,99],{"class":76},[20,68088,239],{},[47,68090,68091],{"className":49,"code":43382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68092,68093],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68094,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68096,402],{"class":76},[56,68098,3844],{"class":1016},[56,68100,264],{"class":1020},[56,68102,3844],{"class":1016},[56,68104,306],{"class":76},[56,68106,3839],{"class":1016},[56,68108,1234],{"class":1020},[56,68110,3844],{"class":1016},[56,68112,306],{"class":76},[56,68114,3839],{"class":1016},[56,68116,1243],{"class":1020},[56,68118,3844],{"class":1016},[56,68120,427],{"class":76},[353,68122,8983,68124,68126],{"id":68123},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68125,54767],{}," to replace an item",[20,68128,68129,68131],{},[15,68130,54767],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[47,68133,68135],{"className":49,"code":68134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68136,68137,68157,68175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68138,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68140,1594],{"class":65},[56,68142,1217],{"class":827},[56,68144,1220],{"class":76},[56,68146,529],{"class":80},[56,68148,306],{"class":76},[56,68150,414],{"class":80},[56,68152,306],{"class":76},[56,68154,419],{"class":80},[56,68156,427],{"class":76},[56,68158,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68160,1618],{"class":65},[56,68162,156],{"class":76},[56,68164,54452],{"class":95},[56,68166,77],{"class":76},[56,68168,529],{"class":80},[56,68170,306],{"class":76},[56,68172,10729],{"class":80},[56,68174,99],{"class":76},[56,68176,68177,68179,68181,68183],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68178,373],{"class":72},[56,68180,77],{"class":76},[56,68182,1618],{"class":95},[56,68184,99],{"class":76},[20,68186,239],{},[47,68188,68190],{"className":49,"code":68189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68191,68192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68193,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68195,402],{"class":76},[56,68197,529],{"class":80},[56,68199,306],{"class":76},[56,68201,10729],{"class":80},[56,68203,306],{"class":76},[56,68205,414],{"class":80},[56,68207,306],{"class":76},[56,68209,419],{"class":80},[56,68211,427],{"class":76},[20,68213,68214],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[47,68216,68218],{"className":49,"code":68217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68219,68220,68240,68254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68221,68222,68224,68226,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236,68238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68223,1594],{"class":65},[56,68225,1217],{"class":827},[56,68227,1220],{"class":76},[56,68229,529],{"class":80},[56,68231,306],{"class":76},[56,68233,414],{"class":80},[56,68235,306],{"class":76},[56,68237,419],{"class":80},[56,68239,427],{"class":76},[56,68241,68242,68244,68246,68248,68250,68252],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68243,1618],{"class":65},[56,68245,402],{"class":76},[56,68247,529],{"class":80},[56,68249,13807],{"class":76},[56,68251,13810],{"class":827},[56,68253,14665],{"class":80},[56,68255,68256,68258,68260,68262],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68257,373],{"class":72},[56,68259,77],{"class":76},[56,68261,1618],{"class":95},[56,68263,99],{"class":76},[20,68265,239],{},[47,68267,68269],{"className":49,"code":68268,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68270,68271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68272,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68274,402],{"class":76},[56,68276,529],{"class":80},[56,68278,306],{"class":76},[56,68280,10729],{"class":80},[56,68282,306],{"class":76},[56,68284,419],{"class":80},[56,68286,427],{"class":76},[353,68288,68290],{"id":68289},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68292,68293,68295],{},[15,68294,54767],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68297,68298],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[47,68300,68302],{"className":49,"code":68301,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68303,68304,68320,68344],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68305,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316,68318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68307,1594],{"class":65},[56,68309,1217],{"class":827},[56,68311,1220],{"class":76},[56,68313,529],{"class":80},[56,68315,306],{"class":76},[56,68317,424],{"class":80},[56,68319,427],{"class":76},[56,68321,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68323,1618],{"class":65},[56,68325,156],{"class":76},[56,68327,54452],{"class":95},[56,68329,77],{"class":76},[56,68331,529],{"class":80},[56,68333,306],{"class":76},[56,68335,1220],{"class":76},[56,68337,463],{"class":80},[56,68339,306],{"class":76},[56,68341,419],{"class":80},[56,68343,1294],{"class":76},[56,68345,68346,68348,68350,68352],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68347,373],{"class":72},[56,68349,77],{"class":76},[56,68351,1618],{"class":95},[56,68353,99],{"class":76},[20,68355,239],{},[47,68357,68359],{"className":49,"code":68358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68360,68361],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68362,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68364,402],{"class":76},[56,68366,529],{"class":80},[56,68368,306],{"class":76},[56,68370,1220],{"class":76},[56,68372,463],{"class":80},[56,68374,306],{"class":76},[56,68376,419],{"class":80},[56,68378,18597],{"class":76},[56,68380,424],{"class":80},[56,68382,427],{"class":76},[20,68384,68385,68386,156],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[264,68387,56019,68388,11273],{"href":53846},[15,68389,53948],{},[353,68391,68393],{"id":68392},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68395,2211,68396,68398],{},[15,68397,54767],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[47,68400,68402],{"className":49,"code":68401,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68403,68404,68414,68428,68446,68460],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68405,68406,68408,68410,68412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68407,373],{"class":72},[56,68409,77],{"class":76},[56,68411,8870],{"class":95},[56,68413,99],{"class":76},[56,68415,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68417,373],{"class":72},[56,68419,77],{"class":76},[56,68421,1266],{"class":72},[56,68423,77],{"class":76},[56,68425,8870],{"class":95},[56,68427,1635],{"class":76},[56,68429,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68431,373],{"class":72},[56,68433,77],{"class":76},[56,68435,8870],{"class":95},[56,68437,156],{"class":76},[56,68439,54452],{"class":25284},[56,68441,156],{"class":76},[56,68443,34975],{"class":34982},[56,68445,99],{"class":76},[56,68447,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,68449,32683],{"class":72},[56,68451,77],{"class":76},[56,68453,379],{"class":378},[56,68455,156],{"class":76},[56,68457,54452],{"class":25284},[56,68459,99],{"class":76},[56,68461,68462,68464,68466,68468],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,68463,2312],{"class":378},[56,68465,77],{"class":76},[56,68467,8870],{"class":95},[56,68469,99],{"class":76},[20,68471,68472],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[173,68474,68475,68478,68481,68484],{},[176,68476,68477],{},"What is currently in the list",[176,68479,68480],{},"How long the list is",[176,68482,68483],{},"That you are working with a real list",[176,68485,68486],{},"How Python describes the method",[42,68488,5500,68490],{"id":68489},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68491,54767],{},[20,68493,2638,68494,68496],{},[15,68495,54767],{}," when position matters.",[20,68498,36943],{},[173,68500,68501,68504,68507,68510],{},[176,68502,68503],{},"Ordered menus",[176,68505,68506],{},"Rankings or score lists",[176,68508,68509],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[176,68511,68512],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68514,68515,68516,68518,68519,68521,68522,68524],{},"You usually do ",[37,68517,5170],{}," need ",[15,68520,54767],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68523,53154],{}," is simpler.",[20,68526,68527,68528,156],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[264,68529,57654],{"href":57653},[42,68531,2343],{"id":2342},[353,68533,2347,68535,55968],{"id":68534},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68536,54412],{},[20,68538,68539,68540,156],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68541,4319],{},[353,68543,68545],{"id":68544},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68547,68548],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[353,68550,2372,68552,68554],{"id":68551},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68553,54412],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68556,68557,68558,68560],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68559,53948],{}," or slicing.",[353,68562,5718,68564,4935,68566,2363],{"id":68563},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68565,54767],{},[15,68567,53154],{},[20,68569,68570,68572,68573,68575],{},[15,68571,54767],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68574,53154],{}," adds only at the end.",[42,68577,2417],{"id":2416},[173,68579,68580,68586,68592,68596,68600,68604],{},[176,68581,68582],{},[264,68583,56019,68584,11273],{"href":57268},[15,68585,53154],{},[176,68587,68588],{},[264,68589,56019,68590,11273],{"href":53846},[15,68591,53948],{},[176,68593,68594],{},[264,68595,54777],{"href":53550},[176,68597,68598],{},[264,68599,53273],{"href":51480},[176,68601,68602],{},[264,68603,57728],{"href":57653},[176,68605,68606],{},[264,68607,30877,68608,34162],{"href":54795},[15,68609,68610],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2451,68612,68613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":68615},[68616,68618,68619,68620,68626,68633,68642,68644,68653],{"id":66801,"depth":87,"text":68617},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5970,"depth":87,"text":5971},{"id":6325,"depth":87,"text":6326},{"id":67173,"depth":87,"text":67174,"children":68621},[68622,68623,68624,68625],{"id":67185,"depth":102,"text":67186},{"id":67276,"depth":102,"text":67277},{"id":67362,"depth":102,"text":67363},{"id":67448,"depth":102,"text":67449},{"id":67578,"depth":87,"text":68627,"children":68628},"insert() vs append()",[68629,68631],{"id":67588,"depth":102,"text":68630},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67601,"depth":102,"text":68632},"Use append() when:",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":68634},[68635,68637,68638,68640,68641],{"id":67802,"depth":102,"text":68636},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67972,"depth":102,"text":67973},{"id":68123,"depth":102,"text":68639},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68289,"depth":102,"text":68290},{"id":68392,"depth":102,"text":68393},{"id":68489,"depth":87,"text":68643},"When to use insert()",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":68645},[68646,68648,68649,68651],{"id":68534,"depth":102,"text":68647},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68544,"depth":102,"text":68545},{"id":68551,"depth":102,"text":68650},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68563,"depth":102,"text":68652},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66711,"description":68654},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68661,"title":68662,"body":68663,"description":70216,"extension":2509,"meta":70217,"navigation":105,"path":59473,"seo":70218,"stem":70219,"__hash__":70220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68664,"toc":70189},[68665,68671,68680,68729,68731,68739,68745,68747,68765,68771,68776,68779,68782,68797,68799,68851,68853,68861,68869,68876,68878,68884,68949,68951,68959,68961,68980,68983,69034,69038,69043,69070,69072,69080,69083,69152,69154,69169,69175,69179,69188,69191,69246,69248,69256,69259,69261,69306,69308,69316,69322,69324,69332,69335,69337,69376,69378,69417,69422,69424,69426,69461,69464,69466,69504,69508,69514,69516,69567,69569,69577,69584,69587,69608,69611,69666,69677,69679,69740,69742,69751,69758,69764,69767,69770,69827,69830,69843,69850,69856,69862,69864,69877,69880,69977,69979,69996,69999,70079,70081,70103,70110,70116,70118,70122,70128,70134,70139,70143,70146,70152,70159,70161,70186],[10,68666,68668,68669,4202],{"id":68667},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68670,1266],{},[20,68672,68673,68674,68676,68677,68679],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68675,1331],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68678,1331],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[47,68681,68683],{"className":49,"code":68682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68684,68685,68705,68719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68686,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68688,1594],{"class":65},[56,68690,1217],{"class":827},[56,68692,1220],{"class":76},[56,68694,2291],{"class":80},[56,68696,306],{"class":76},[56,68698,8323],{"class":80},[56,68700,306],{"class":76},[56,68702,8328],{"class":80},[56,68704,427],{"class":76},[56,68706,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68708,41752],{"class":65},[56,68710,1217],{"class":827},[56,68712,38897],{"class":72},[56,68714,77],{"class":76},[56,68716,1618],{"class":95},[56,68718,99],{"class":76},[56,68720,68721,68723,68725,68727],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68722,373],{"class":72},[56,68724,77],{"class":76},[56,68726,41770],{"class":95},[56,68728,99],{"class":76},[20,68730,239],{},[47,68732,68733],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68734,68735],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68736,68737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68738,47123],{"class":80},[20,68740,2638,68741,68744],{},[15,68742,68743],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[42,68746,15697],{"id":15696},[173,68748,68749,68754,68759,68762],{},[176,68750,4739,68751,68753],{},[15,68752,1331],{}," works with Python lists",[176,68755,68756,68757,12239],{},"What value ",[15,68758,1331],{},[176,68760,68761],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[176,68763,68764],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[42,68766,160,68768,68770],{"id":68767},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68769,1331],{}," returns for a list",[20,68772,68773,65583],{},[15,68774,68775],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68777,68778],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68780,68781],{},"A few important points:",[173,68783,68784,68787,68792],{},[176,68785,68786],{},"It counts list items",[176,68788,41416,68789,68791],{},[37,68790,5170],{}," count characters inside a string item",[176,68793,68794,68795],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68796,152],{},[20,68798,986],{},[47,68800,68802],{"className":49,"code":68801,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68803,68804,68837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68805,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68807,4610],{"class":65},[56,68809,1217],{"class":827},[56,68811,1220],{"class":76},[56,68813,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68815,37561],{"class":1020},[56,68817,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68819,306],{"class":76},[56,68821,1231],{"class":1016},[56,68823,68824],{"class":1020},"elephant",[56,68826,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68828,306],{"class":76},[56,68830,1231],{"class":1016},[56,68832,58627],{"class":1020},[56,68834,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68836,427],{"class":76},[56,68838,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68840,373],{"class":72},[56,68842,77],{"class":76},[56,68844,1266],{"class":72},[56,68846,77],{"class":76},[56,68848,4654],{"class":95},[56,68850,1635],{"class":76},[20,68852,239],{},[47,68854,68855],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68856,68857],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68858,68859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68860,47123],{"class":80},[20,68862,21513,68863,68866,68867,65590],{},[15,68864,68865],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[37,68868,53158],{},[20,68870,68871,68872,156],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[264,68873,13,68874,2430],{"href":1328},[15,68875,1331],{},[42,68877,6326],{"id":6325},[20,68879,68880,68881,68883],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68882,1331],{},", and print the result.",[47,68885,68887],{"className":49,"code":68886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68888,68889,68921,68935,68939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68890,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68892,13609],{"class":65},[56,68894,1217],{"class":827},[56,68896,1220],{"class":76},[56,68898,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68900,13626],{"class":1020},[56,68902,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68904,306],{"class":76},[56,68906,1231],{"class":1016},[56,68908,17990],{"class":1020},[56,68910,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68912,306],{"class":76},[56,68914,1231],{"class":1016},[56,68916,13643],{"class":1020},[56,68918,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68920,427],{"class":76},[56,68922,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,68924,41752],{"class":65},[56,68926,1217],{"class":827},[56,68928,38897],{"class":72},[56,68930,77],{"class":76},[56,68932,18037],{"class":95},[56,68934,99],{"class":76},[56,68936,68937],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68938,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,68940,68941,68943,68945,68947],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,68942,373],{"class":72},[56,68944,77],{"class":76},[56,68946,41770],{"class":95},[56,68948,99],{"class":76},[20,68950,239],{},[47,68952,68953],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68954,68955],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68956,68957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68958,47123],{"class":80},[20,68960,12217],{},[173,68962,68963,68968,68975],{},[176,68964,68965,68967],{},[15,68966,18037],{}," is a list with 3 items",[176,68969,68970,2942,68973],{},[15,68971,68972],{},"len(colors)",[15,68974,223],{},[176,68976,68977,68978],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68979,41770],{},[20,68981,68982],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[47,68984,68986],{"className":49,"code":68985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68987,68988,69020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68989,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68991,13609],{"class":65},[56,68993,1217],{"class":827},[56,68995,1220],{"class":76},[56,68997,1017],{"class":1016},[56,68999,13626],{"class":1020},[56,69001,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69003,306],{"class":76},[56,69005,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69007,17990],{"class":1020},[56,69009,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69011,306],{"class":76},[56,69013,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69015,13643],{"class":1020},[56,69017,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69019,427],{"class":76},[56,69021,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69023,373],{"class":72},[56,69025,77],{"class":76},[56,69027,1266],{"class":72},[56,69029,77],{"class":76},[56,69031,18037],{"class":95},[56,69033,1635],{"class":76},[42,69035,69037],{"id":69036},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,69039,69040,69041,156],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,69042,152],{},[47,69044,69046],{"className":49,"code":69045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,69047,69048,69056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69049,69050,69052,69054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69051,1214],{"class":65},[56,69053,1217],{"class":827},[56,69055,8371],{"class":76},[56,69057,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69059,373],{"class":72},[56,69061,77],{"class":76},[56,69063,1266],{"class":72},[56,69065,77],{"class":76},[56,69067,1271],{"class":95},[56,69069,1635],{"class":76},[20,69071,239],{},[47,69073,69074],{"className":49,"code":249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69075,69076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69077,69078],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69079,249],{"class":80},[20,69081,69082],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[47,69084,69086],{"className":49,"code":69085,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69087,69088,69096,69100,69118,69132,69138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69089,69090,69092,69094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69091,1214],{"class":65},[56,69093,1217],{"class":827},[56,69095,8371],{"class":76},[56,69097,69098],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69099,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,69101,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69103,7529],{"class":62},[56,69105,38897],{"class":72},[56,69107,77],{"class":76},[56,69109,1271],{"class":95},[56,69111,4202],{"class":76},[56,69113,38907],{"class":827},[56,69115,822],{"class":80},[56,69117,1390],{"class":76},[56,69119,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,69121,90],{"class":72},[56,69123,77],{"class":76},[56,69125,1271],{"class":95},[56,69127,402],{"class":76},[56,69129,152],{"class":80},[56,69131,1294],{"class":76},[56,69133,69134,69136],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,69135,27964],{"class":62},[56,69137,1390],{"class":76},[56,69139,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,69141,90],{"class":72},[56,69143,77],{"class":76},[56,69145,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69147,52317],{"class":1020},[56,69149,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69151,99],{"class":76},[20,69153,239],{},[47,69155,69157],{"className":49,"code":69156,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The list is empty\n",[15,69158,69159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69160,69161,69163,69165,69167],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69162,2526],{"class":65},[56,69164,379],{"class":378},[56,69166,8628],{"class":827},[56,69168,8634],{"class":65},[20,69170,69171,69172,69174],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[264,69173,53273],{"href":51480}," is a good next step.",[42,69176,69178],{"id":69177},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69180,69181,69183,69184,69187],{},[15,69182,1331],{}," counts only the ",[37,69185,69186],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69189,69190],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[47,69192,69194],{"className":49,"code":69193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69195,69196,69232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69197,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226,69228,69230],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69199,9697],{"class":65},[56,69201,1217],{"class":827},[56,69203,56793],{"class":76},[56,69205,529],{"class":80},[56,69207,306],{"class":76},[56,69209,414],{"class":80},[56,69211,18597],{"class":76},[56,69213,1220],{"class":76},[56,69215,223],{"class":80},[56,69217,306],{"class":76},[56,69219,424],{"class":80},[56,69221,18597],{"class":76},[56,69223,1220],{"class":76},[56,69225,81],{"class":80},[56,69227,306],{"class":76},[56,69229,468],{"class":80},[56,69231,53744],{"class":76},[56,69233,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69235,373],{"class":72},[56,69237,77],{"class":76},[56,69239,1266],{"class":72},[56,69241,77],{"class":76},[56,69243,9736],{"class":95},[56,69245,1635],{"class":76},[20,69247,239],{},[47,69249,69250],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69251,69252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69253,69254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69255,47123],{"class":80},[20,69257,69258],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69260,52581],{},[47,69262,69264],{"className":49,"code":69263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69265,69266,69292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69267,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69269,59973],{"class":65},[56,69271,1217],{"class":827},[56,69273,1220],{"class":76},[56,69275,529],{"class":80},[56,69277,306],{"class":76},[56,69279,1220],{"class":76},[56,69281,463],{"class":80},[56,69283,306],{"class":76},[56,69285,419],{"class":80},[56,69287,18597],{"class":76},[56,69289,424],{"class":80},[56,69291,427],{"class":76},[56,69293,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69295,373],{"class":72},[56,69297,77],{"class":76},[56,69299,1266],{"class":72},[56,69301,77],{"class":76},[56,69303,60026],{"class":95},[56,69305,1635],{"class":76},[20,69307,239],{},[47,69309,69310],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69311,69312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69313,69314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69315,47123],{"class":80},[20,69317,21513,69318,69321],{},[15,69319,69320],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[42,69323,1690],{"id":1689},[353,69325,958,69327,11624,69330],{"id":69326},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69328,69329],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69331,68775],{},[20,69333,69334],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69336,17179],{},[47,69338,69340],{"className":49,"code":69339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69341,69342,69362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69343,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358,69360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69345,1594],{"class":65},[56,69347,1217],{"class":827},[56,69349,1220],{"class":76},[56,69351,2291],{"class":80},[56,69353,306],{"class":76},[56,69355,8323],{"class":80},[56,69357,306],{"class":76},[56,69359,8328],{"class":80},[56,69361,427],{"class":76},[56,69363,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69365,373],{"class":72},[56,69367,77],{"class":76},[56,69369,1618],{"class":95},[56,69371,156],{"class":76},[56,69373,1266],{"class":95},[56,69375,7726],{"class":76},[20,69377,17191],{},[47,69379,69381],{"className":49,"code":69380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69382,69383,69403],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69384,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69386,1594],{"class":65},[56,69388,1217],{"class":827},[56,69390,1220],{"class":76},[56,69392,2291],{"class":80},[56,69394,306],{"class":76},[56,69396,8323],{"class":80},[56,69398,306],{"class":76},[56,69400,8328],{"class":80},[56,69402,427],{"class":76},[56,69404,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69406,373],{"class":72},[56,69408,77],{"class":76},[56,69410,1266],{"class":72},[56,69412,77],{"class":76},[56,69414,1618],{"class":95},[56,69416,1635],{"class":76},[20,69418,69419,69421],{},[15,69420,1331],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[353,69423,26220],{"id":26219},[20,69425,17179],{},[47,69427,69429],{"className":49,"code":69428,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69430,69431,69451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69432,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69434,1594],{"class":65},[56,69436,1217],{"class":827},[56,69438,1220],{"class":76},[56,69440,2291],{"class":80},[56,69442,306],{"class":76},[56,69444,8323],{"class":80},[56,69446,306],{"class":76},[56,69448,8328],{"class":80},[56,69450,427],{"class":76},[56,69452,69453,69455,69457,69459],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69454,373],{"class":72},[56,69456,77],{"class":76},[56,69458,1266],{"class":72},[56,69460,99],{"class":76},[20,69462,69463],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69465,17191],{},[47,69467,69468],{"className":49,"code":69380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69469,69470,69490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69471,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69473,1594],{"class":65},[56,69475,1217],{"class":827},[56,69477,1220],{"class":76},[56,69479,2291],{"class":80},[56,69481,306],{"class":76},[56,69483,8323],{"class":80},[56,69485,306],{"class":76},[56,69487,8328],{"class":80},[56,69489,427],{"class":76},[56,69491,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69493,373],{"class":72},[56,69495,77],{"class":76},[56,69497,1266],{"class":72},[56,69499,77],{"class":76},[56,69501,1618],{"class":95},[56,69503,1635],{"class":76},[353,69505,69507],{"id":69506},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69509,69510,69511,69513],{},"The length of a list is ",[37,69512,5170],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69515,986],{},[47,69517,69519],{"className":49,"code":69518,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69520,69521,69553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69522,69523,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69524,36614],{"class":65},[56,69526,1217],{"class":827},[56,69528,1220],{"class":76},[56,69530,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69532,264],{"class":1020},[56,69534,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69536,306],{"class":76},[56,69538,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69540,1234],{"class":1020},[56,69542,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69544,306],{"class":76},[56,69546,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69548,1243],{"class":1020},[56,69550,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69552,427],{"class":76},[56,69554,69555,69557,69559,69561,69563,69565],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69556,373],{"class":72},[56,69558,77],{"class":76},[56,69560,1266],{"class":72},[56,69562,77],{"class":76},[56,69564,36666],{"class":95},[56,69566,1635],{"class":76},[20,69568,239],{},[47,69570,69571],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69572,69573],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69574,69575],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69576,47123],{"class":80},[20,69578,69579,69580,1807,69582,156],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69581,463],{},[15,69583,223],{},[20,69585,69586],{},"Indexes are:",[173,69588,69589,69596,69602],{},[176,69590,69591,69593,69594],{},[15,69592,152],{}," for ",[15,69595,18631],{},[176,69597,69598,69593,69600],{},[15,69599,529],{},[15,69601,66093],{},[176,69603,69604,69593,69606],{},[15,69605,463],{},[15,69607,66979],{},[20,69609,69610],{},"So this causes an error:",[47,69612,69614],{"className":49,"code":69613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69615,69616,69648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69617,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642,69644,69646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69619,36614],{"class":65},[56,69621,1217],{"class":827},[56,69623,1220],{"class":76},[56,69625,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69627,264],{"class":1020},[56,69629,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69631,306],{"class":76},[56,69633,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69635,1234],{"class":1020},[56,69637,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69639,306],{"class":76},[56,69641,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69643,1243],{"class":1020},[56,69645,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69647,427],{"class":76},[56,69649,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69651,373],{"class":72},[56,69653,77],{"class":76},[56,69655,36666],{"class":95},[56,69657,402],{"class":76},[56,69659,1266],{"class":72},[56,69661,77],{"class":76},[56,69663,36666],{"class":95},[56,69665,11211],{"class":76},[20,69667,9026,69668,5322,69671,69673,69674,69676],{},[15,69669,69670],{},"len(letters)",[15,69672,223],{},", and index ",[15,69675,223],{}," does not exist.",[20,69678,19376],{},[47,69680,69682],{"className":49,"code":69681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69683,69684,69716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69685,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69687,36614],{"class":65},[56,69689,1217],{"class":827},[56,69691,1220],{"class":76},[56,69693,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69695,264],{"class":1020},[56,69697,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69699,306],{"class":76},[56,69701,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69703,1234],{"class":1020},[56,69705,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69707,306],{"class":76},[56,69709,1231],{"class":1016},[56,69711,1243],{"class":1020},[56,69713,1017],{"class":1016},[56,69715,427],{"class":76},[56,69717,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69719,373],{"class":72},[56,69721,77],{"class":76},[56,69723,36666],{"class":95},[56,69725,402],{"class":76},[56,69727,1266],{"class":72},[56,69729,77],{"class":76},[56,69731,36666],{"class":95},[56,69733,4202],{"class":76},[56,69735,828],{"class":827},[56,69737,409],{"class":80},[56,69739,1294],{"class":76},[20,69741,239],{},[47,69743,69745],{"className":49,"code":69744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"c\n",[15,69746,69747],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69748,69749],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69750,69744],{"class":65},[20,69752,69753,69754,156],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[264,69755,69757],{"href":69756},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[353,69759,958,69761,69763],{"id":69760},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69762,1331],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69765,69766],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69768,69769],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[47,69771,69773],{"className":49,"code":69772,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69774,69775,69785,69799,69813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69776,69777,69779,69781,69783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69778,373],{"class":72},[56,69780,77],{"class":76},[56,69782,8870],{"class":95},[56,69784,99],{"class":76},[56,69786,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69788,373],{"class":72},[56,69790,77],{"class":76},[56,69792,1266],{"class":72},[56,69794,77],{"class":76},[56,69796,8870],{"class":95},[56,69798,1635],{"class":76},[56,69800,69801,69803,69805,69807,69809,69811],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69802,373],{"class":72},[56,69804,77],{"class":76},[56,69806,2312],{"class":378},[56,69808,77],{"class":76},[56,69810,8870],{"class":95},[56,69812,1635],{"class":76},[56,69814,69815,69817,69819,69821,69823,69825],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,69816,373],{"class":72},[56,69818,77],{"class":76},[56,69820,8870],{"class":95},[56,69822,402],{"class":76},[56,69824,152],{"class":80},[56,69826,1294],{"class":76},[20,69828,69829],{},"These help you verify:",[173,69831,69832,69835,69837,69840],{},[176,69833,69834],{},"what the variable contains",[176,69836,61283],{},[176,69838,69839],{},"whether it is really a list",[176,69841,69842],{},"what the first item is",[20,69844,69845,69846,69849],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69847,69848],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[42,69851,5500,69853,69855],{"id":69852},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69854,1331],{}," with lists",[20,69857,69858,69859,69861],{},"You will often use ",[15,69860,1331],{}," in real programs.",[20,69863,9906],{},[173,69865,69866,69868,69871,69874],{},[176,69867,52271],{},[176,69869,69870],{},"Control loops",[176,69872,69873],{},"Validate input or results",[176,69875,69876],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69878,69879],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[47,69881,69883],{"className":49,"code":69882,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69884,69885,69905,69921,69925,69939,69953],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69886,69887,69889,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899,69901,69903],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69888,3098],{"class":65},[56,69890,1217],{"class":827},[56,69892,1220],{"class":76},[56,69894,529],{"class":80},[56,69896,306],{"class":76},[56,69898,414],{"class":80},[56,69900,306],{"class":76},[56,69902,419],{"class":80},[56,69904,427],{"class":76},[56,69906,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69908,3125],{"class":65},[56,69910,1217],{"class":827},[56,69912,1220],{"class":76},[56,69914,2291],{"class":80},[56,69916,306],{"class":76},[56,69918,8323],{"class":80},[56,69920,427],{"class":76},[56,69922,69923],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69924,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,69926,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,69928,373],{"class":72},[56,69930,77],{"class":76},[56,69932,1266],{"class":72},[56,69934,77],{"class":76},[56,69936,264],{"class":95},[56,69938,1635],{"class":76},[56,69940,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,69942,373],{"class":72},[56,69944,77],{"class":76},[56,69946,1266],{"class":72},[56,69948,77],{"class":76},[56,69950,1234],{"class":95},[56,69952,1635],{"class":76},[56,69954,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971,69973,69975],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,69956,373],{"class":72},[56,69958,77],{"class":76},[56,69960,1266],{"class":72},[56,69962,77],{"class":76},[56,69964,264],{"class":95},[56,69966,4202],{"class":76},[56,69968,38907],{"class":827},[56,69970,38897],{"class":72},[56,69972,77],{"class":76},[56,69974,1234],{"class":95},[56,69976,1635],{"class":76},[20,69978,239],{},[47,69980,69982],{"className":49,"code":69981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69983,69984,69988,69992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69985,69986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69987,47123],{"class":80},[56,69989,69990],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,69991,259],{"class":80},[56,69993,69994],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69995,4519],{"class":4393},[20,69997,69998],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[47,70000,70002],{"className":49,"code":70001,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,70003,70004,70036,70040,70060],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70005,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70007,5534],{"class":65},[56,70009,1217],{"class":827},[56,70011,1220],{"class":76},[56,70013,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70015,13414],{"class":1020},[56,70017,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70019,306],{"class":76},[56,70021,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70023,36467],{"class":1020},[56,70025,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70027,306],{"class":76},[56,70029,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70031,36476],{"class":1020},[56,70033,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70035,427],{"class":76},[56,70037,70038],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70039,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70041,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70043,31],{"class":62},[56,70045,66],{"class":65},[56,70047,69],{"class":62},[56,70049,73],{"class":72},[56,70051,77],{"class":76},[56,70053,1266],{"class":72},[56,70055,77],{"class":76},[56,70057,5578],{"class":95},[56,70059,1274],{"class":76},[56,70061,70062,70064,70066,70068,70070,70073,70075,70077],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,70063,90],{"class":72},[56,70065,77],{"class":76},[56,70067,96],{"class":95},[56,70069,306],{"class":76},[56,70071,70072],{"class":95}," names",[56,70074,402],{"class":76},[56,70076,96],{"class":95},[56,70078,1294],{"class":76},[20,70080,239],{},[47,70082,70083],{"className":49,"code":36525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,70084,70085,70091,70097],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70086,70087,70089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70088,152],{"class":80},[56,70090,36534],{"class":65},[56,70092,70093,70095],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70094,529],{"class":80},[56,70096,36541],{"class":65},[56,70098,70099,70101],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70100,463],{"class":80},[56,70102,36548],{"class":65},[20,70104,70105,70106,156],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[264,70107,70109],{"href":70108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,70111,70112,70113,70115],{},"You can also read ",[264,70114,52048],{"href":52047}," for a task-focused guide.",[42,70117,2343],{"id":2342},[353,70119,70121],{"id":70120},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70123,2638,70124,70127],{},[15,70125,70126],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[353,70129,5682,70131,13249],{"id":70130},"what-does-len-return",[15,70132,70133],{},"len([])",[20,70135,5688,70136,70138],{},[15,70137,152],{}," because the list is empty.",[353,70140,70142],{"id":70141},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70144,70145],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[353,70147,28859,70149,70151],{"id":70148},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70150,69329],{}," in Python?",[20,70153,30800,70154,8754,70156,70158],{},[15,70155,68775],{},[15,70157,1331],{}," is a built-in function.",[42,70160,2417],{"id":2416},[173,70162,70163,70169,70173,70177,70181],{},[176,70164,70165],{},[264,70166,13,70167,2430],{"href":1328},[15,70168,1331],{},[176,70170,70171],{},[264,70172,53092],{"href":52047},[176,70174,70175],{},[264,70176,53273],{"href":51480},[176,70178,70179],{},[264,70180,69757],{"href":69756},[176,70182,70183],{},[264,70184,70185],{"href":70108},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2451,70187,70188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":70190},[70191,70192,70194,70195,70196,70197,70205,70207,70215],{"id":15696,"depth":87,"text":15697},{"id":68767,"depth":87,"text":70193},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6325,"depth":87,"text":6326},{"id":69036,"depth":87,"text":69037},{"id":69177,"depth":87,"text":69178},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":70198},[70199,70201,70202,70203],{"id":69326,"depth":102,"text":70200},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26219,"depth":102,"text":26220},{"id":69506,"depth":102,"text":69507},{"id":69760,"depth":102,"text":70204},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69852,"depth":87,"text":70206},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":70208},[70209,70210,70212,70213],{"id":70120,"depth":102,"text":70121},{"id":70130,"depth":102,"text":70211},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70141,"depth":102,"text":70142},{"id":70148,"depth":102,"text":70214},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68662,"description":70216},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70222,"title":70223,"body":70224,"description":72206,"extension":2509,"meta":72207,"navigation":105,"path":72208,"seo":72209,"stem":72210,"__hash__":72211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70225,"toc":72179},[70226,70229,70234,70237,70245,70258,70260,70325,70327,70349,70354,70358,70363,70371,70373,70383,70385,70466,70468,70498,70500,70519,70524,70541,70543,70627,70629,70659,70664,70668,70674,70758,70760,70790,70793,70797,70800,70891,70893,70931,70934,71019,71021,71051,71057,71064,71068,71073,71082,71084,71169,71171,71200,71203,71211,71215,71219,71228,71251,71253,71275,71277,71291,71293,71353,71357,71362,71401,71403,71420,71422,71432,71531,71536,71540,71545,71588,71590,71618,71620,71634,71709,71711,71733,71737,71740,71745,71756,71761,71769,71772,71843,71845,71870,71927,71929,71950,71959,71967,71972,71974,71979,72000,72003,72078,72081,72095,72102,72104,72108,72114,72118,72128,72132,72139,72143,72149,72151,72176],[10,70227,70223],{"id":70228},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70230,70231,70233],{},[15,70232,55581],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70235,70236],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[173,70238,70239,70242],{},[176,70240,70241],{},"delete an item from a list",[176,70243,70244],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70246,70247,70248,70250,70251,9236,70253,70257],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70249,13296],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70252,13296],{},[264,70254,70255],{"href":55571},[15,70256,56028],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[42,70259,45],{"id":44},[47,70261,70263],{"className":49,"code":70262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70264,70265,70285,70300,70304,70315],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70266,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70268,1594],{"class":65},[56,70270,1217],{"class":827},[56,70272,1220],{"class":76},[56,70274,2291],{"class":80},[56,70276,306],{"class":76},[56,70278,8323],{"class":80},[56,70280,306],{"class":76},[56,70282,8328],{"class":80},[56,70284,427],{"class":76},[56,70286,70287,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70288,70289],{"class":65},"last_item ",[56,70291,1217],{"class":827},[56,70293,4804],{"class":65},[56,70295,156],{"class":76},[56,70297,26771],{"class":95},[56,70299,9174],{"class":76},[56,70301,70302],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70303,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70305,70306,70308,70310,70313],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,70307,373],{"class":72},[56,70309,77],{"class":76},[56,70311,70312],{"class":95},"last_item",[56,70314,99],{"class":76},[56,70316,70317,70319,70321,70323],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,70318,373],{"class":72},[56,70320,77],{"class":76},[56,70322,1618],{"class":95},[56,70324,99],{"class":76},[20,70326,239],{},[47,70328,70330],{"className":49,"code":70329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70331,70332,70337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70333,70334],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70335,70336],{"class":80},"30\n",[56,70338,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70340,402],{"class":76},[56,70342,2291],{"class":80},[56,70344,306],{"class":76},[56,70346,8323],{"class":80},[56,70348,427],{"class":76},[20,70350,2638,70351,70353],{},[15,70352,13296],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[42,70355,70357],{"id":70356},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70359,70360,70362],{},[15,70361,13296],{}," has two main jobs:",[173,70364,70365,70368],{},[176,70366,70367],{},"It removes one item from a list",[176,70369,70370],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70372,44157],{},[173,70374,70375,70378,70381],{},[176,70376,70377],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[176,70379,70380],{},"It changes the original list",[176,70382,53247],{},[20,70384,986],{},[47,70386,70388],{"className":49,"code":70387,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70389,70390,70422,70426,70441,70445,70456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70391,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70393,13609],{"class":65},[56,70395,1217],{"class":827},[56,70397,1220],{"class":76},[56,70399,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70401,13626],{"class":1020},[56,70403,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70405,306],{"class":76},[56,70407,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70409,17990],{"class":1020},[56,70411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70413,306],{"class":76},[56,70415,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70417,13643],{"class":1020},[56,70419,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70421,427],{"class":76},[56,70423,70424],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70425,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70427,70428,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70429,70430],{"class":65},"removed ",[56,70432,1217],{"class":827},[56,70434,13657],{"class":65},[56,70436,156],{"class":76},[56,70438,26771],{"class":95},[56,70440,9174],{"class":76},[56,70442,70443],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,70444,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70446,70447,70449,70451,70454],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,70448,373],{"class":72},[56,70450,77],{"class":76},[56,70452,70453],{"class":95},"removed",[56,70455,99],{"class":76},[56,70457,70458,70460,70462,70464],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,70459,373],{"class":72},[56,70461,77],{"class":76},[56,70463,18037],{"class":95},[56,70465,99],{"class":76},[20,70467,239],{},[47,70469,70471],{"className":49,"code":70470,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70472,70473,70478],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70474,70475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70476,70477],{"class":65},"blue\n",[56,70479,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70481,402],{"class":76},[56,70483,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70485,13626],{"class":1020},[56,70487,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70489,306],{"class":76},[56,70491,3839],{"class":1016},[56,70493,17990],{"class":1020},[56,70495,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70497,427],{"class":76},[42,70499,2702],{"id":2701},[47,70501,70503],{"className":49,"code":70502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70504,70505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70506,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70508,379],{"class":378},[56,70510,156],{"class":76},[56,70512,26771],{"class":95},[56,70514,3528],{"class":76},[56,70516,1483],{"class":95},[56,70518,1294],{"class":76},[20,70520,2526,70521,70523],{},[15,70522,1483],{}," is optional.",[173,70525,70526,70532,70538],{},[176,70527,70528,70529,70531],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70530,13296],{}," removes the last item",[176,70533,70534,70535,70537],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70536,13296],{}," removes the item at that position",[176,70539,70540],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70542,986],{},[47,70544,70546],{"className":49,"code":70545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70547,70548,70580,70584,70603,70607,70617],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70549,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70551,36614],{"class":65},[56,70553,1217],{"class":827},[56,70555,1220],{"class":76},[56,70557,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70559,264],{"class":1020},[56,70561,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70563,306],{"class":76},[56,70565,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70567,1234],{"class":1020},[56,70569,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70571,306],{"class":76},[56,70573,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70575,1243],{"class":1020},[56,70577,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70579,427],{"class":76},[56,70581,70582],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70583,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70585,70586,70588,70590,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70587,29069],{"class":65},[56,70589,1217],{"class":827},[56,70591,70592],{"class":65}," letters",[56,70594,156],{"class":76},[56,70596,26771],{"class":95},[56,70598,77],{"class":76},[56,70600,529],{"class":80},[56,70602,99],{"class":76},[56,70604,70605],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,70606,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70608,70609,70611,70613,70615],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,70610,373],{"class":72},[56,70612,77],{"class":76},[56,70614,1399],{"class":95},[56,70616,99],{"class":76},[56,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,70620,373],{"class":72},[56,70622,77],{"class":76},[56,70624,36666],{"class":95},[56,70626,99],{"class":76},[20,70628,239],{},[47,70630,70632],{"className":49,"code":70631,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70633,70634,70639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70635,70636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70637,70638],{"class":65},"b\n",[56,70640,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653,70655,70657],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70642,402],{"class":76},[56,70644,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70646,264],{"class":1020},[56,70648,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70650,306],{"class":76},[56,70652,3839],{"class":1016},[56,70654,1243],{"class":1020},[56,70656,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70658,427],{"class":76},[20,70660,70661,70662,156],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[264,70663,53273],{"href":51480},[42,70665,70667],{"id":70666},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70669,70670,70671,70673],{},"When you call ",[15,70672,13296],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[47,70675,70677],{"className":49,"code":70676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70678,70679,70714,70718,70733,70737,70748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70680,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70692,70694,70696,70698,70701,70703,70705,70707,70710,70712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70682,30427],{"class":65},[56,70684,1217],{"class":827},[56,70686,1220],{"class":76},[56,70688,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70690,70691],{"class":1020},"write",[56,70693,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70695,306],{"class":76},[56,70697,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70699,70700],{"class":1020},"test",[56,70702,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70704,306],{"class":76},[56,70706,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70708,70709],{"class":1020},"submit",[56,70711,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70713,427],{"class":76},[56,70715,70716],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70717,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70719,70720,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70721,70722],{"class":65},"last_task ",[56,70724,1217],{"class":827},[56,70726,30505],{"class":65},[56,70728,156],{"class":76},[56,70730,26771],{"class":95},[56,70732,9174],{"class":76},[56,70734,70735],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,70736,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70738,70739,70741,70743,70746],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,70740,373],{"class":72},[56,70742,77],{"class":76},[56,70744,70745],{"class":95},"last_task",[56,70747,99],{"class":76},[56,70749,70750,70752,70754,70756],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,70751,373],{"class":72},[56,70753,77],{"class":76},[56,70755,37023],{"class":95},[56,70757,99],{"class":76},[20,70759,239],{},[47,70761,70763],{"className":49,"code":70762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70764,70765,70770],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70766,70767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70768,70769],{"class":65},"submit\n",[56,70771,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782,70784,70786,70788],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70773,402],{"class":76},[56,70775,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70777,70691],{"class":1020},[56,70779,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70781,306],{"class":76},[56,70783,3839],{"class":1016},[56,70785,70700],{"class":1020},[56,70787,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70789,427],{"class":76},[20,70791,70792],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[42,70794,70796],{"id":70795},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70798,70799],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[47,70801,70803],{"className":49,"code":70802,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70804,70805,70845,70849,70867,70871,70881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70806,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70808,36756],{"class":65},[56,70810,1217],{"class":827},[56,70812,1220],{"class":76},[56,70814,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70816,4619],{"class":1020},[56,70818,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70820,306],{"class":76},[56,70822,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70824,4628],{"class":1020},[56,70826,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70828,306],{"class":76},[56,70830,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70832,4637],{"class":1020},[56,70834,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70836,306],{"class":76},[56,70838,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70840,33751],{"class":1020},[56,70842,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70844,427],{"class":76},[56,70846,70847],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70848,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70850,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70852,70430],{"class":65},[56,70854,1217],{"class":827},[56,70856,53353],{"class":65},[56,70858,156],{"class":76},[56,70860,26771],{"class":95},[56,70862,77],{"class":76},[56,70864,529],{"class":80},[56,70866,99],{"class":76},[56,70868,70869],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,70870,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70872,70873,70875,70877,70879],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,70874,373],{"class":72},[56,70876,77],{"class":76},[56,70878,70453],{"class":95},[56,70880,99],{"class":76},[56,70882,70883,70885,70887,70889],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,70884,373],{"class":72},[56,70886,77],{"class":76},[56,70888,36808],{"class":95},[56,70890,99],{"class":76},[20,70892,239],{},[47,70894,70896],{"className":49,"code":70895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70897,70898,70903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70899,70900],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70901,70902],{"class":65},"banana\n",[56,70904,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70906,402],{"class":76},[56,70908,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70910,4619],{"class":1020},[56,70912,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70914,306],{"class":76},[56,70916,3839],{"class":1016},[56,70918,4637],{"class":1020},[56,70920,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70922,306],{"class":76},[56,70924,3839],{"class":1016},[56,70926,33751],{"class":1020},[56,70928,3844],{"class":1016},[56,70930,427],{"class":76},[20,70932,70933],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[47,70935,70937],{"className":49,"code":70936,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70938,70939,70971,70975,70995,70999,71009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70940,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70942,36756],{"class":65},[56,70944,1217],{"class":827},[56,70946,1220],{"class":76},[56,70948,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70950,4619],{"class":1020},[56,70952,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70954,306],{"class":76},[56,70956,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70958,4628],{"class":1020},[56,70960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70962,306],{"class":76},[56,70964,1231],{"class":1016},[56,70966,4637],{"class":1020},[56,70968,1017],{"class":1016},[56,70970,427],{"class":76},[56,70972,70973],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,70974,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,70976,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70978,70430],{"class":65},[56,70980,1217],{"class":827},[56,70982,53353],{"class":65},[56,70984,156],{"class":76},[56,70986,26771],{"class":95},[56,70988,77],{"class":76},[56,70990,2568],{"class":827},[56,70992,529],{"class":80},[56,70994,99],{"class":76},[56,70996,70997],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,70998,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71000,71001,71003,71005,71007],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,71002,373],{"class":72},[56,71004,77],{"class":76},[56,71006,70453],{"class":95},[56,71008,99],{"class":76},[56,71010,71011,71013,71015,71017],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,71012,373],{"class":72},[56,71014,77],{"class":76},[56,71016,36808],{"class":95},[56,71018,99],{"class":76},[20,71020,239],{},[47,71022,71024],{"className":49,"code":71023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,71025,71026,71031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71027,71028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71029,71030],{"class":65},"cherry\n",[56,71032,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71034,402],{"class":76},[56,71036,3844],{"class":1016},[56,71038,4619],{"class":1020},[56,71040,3844],{"class":1016},[56,71042,306],{"class":76},[56,71044,3839],{"class":1016},[56,71046,4628],{"class":1020},[56,71048,3844],{"class":1016},[56,71050,427],{"class":76},[20,71052,71053,71054,71056],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,71055,66352],{}," means the last item.",[20,71058,71059,71060,156],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[264,71061,71062,11273],{"href":59465},[15,71063,65364],{},[42,71065,71067],{"id":71066},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,71069,71070,71072],{},[15,71071,13296],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71074,71075,71076,4935,71078,156],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71077,13296],{},[264,71079,71080],{"href":55571},[15,71081,56028],{},[20,71083,986],{},[47,71085,71087],{"className":49,"code":71086,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71088,71089,71121,71125,71144,71148,71159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71090,71091,71093,71095,71097,71099,71101,71103,71105,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71092,5534],{"class":65},[56,71094,1217],{"class":827},[56,71096,1220],{"class":76},[56,71098,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71100,13414],{"class":1020},[56,71102,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71104,306],{"class":76},[56,71106,1231],{"class":1016},[56,71108,36467],{"class":1020},[56,71110,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71112,306],{"class":76},[56,71114,1231],{"class":1016},[56,71116,36476],{"class":1020},[56,71118,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71120,427],{"class":76},[56,71122,71123],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71124,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71126,71127,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71128,71129],{"class":65},"removed_name ",[56,71131,1217],{"class":827},[56,71133,70072],{"class":65},[56,71135,156],{"class":76},[56,71137,26771],{"class":95},[56,71139,77],{"class":76},[56,71141,152],{"class":80},[56,71143,99],{"class":76},[56,71145,71146],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,71147,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71149,71150,71152,71154,71157],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,71151,373],{"class":72},[56,71153,77],{"class":76},[56,71155,71156],{"class":95},"removed_name",[56,71158,99],{"class":76},[56,71160,71161,71163,71165,71167],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,71162,373],{"class":72},[56,71164,77],{"class":76},[56,71166,5578],{"class":95},[56,71168,99],{"class":76},[20,71170,239],{},[47,71172,71174],{"className":49,"code":71173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71175,71176,71180],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71177,71178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71179,50543],{"class":65},[56,71181,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71183,402],{"class":76},[56,71185,3844],{"class":1016},[56,71187,36467],{"class":1020},[56,71189,3844],{"class":1016},[56,71191,306],{"class":76},[56,71193,3839],{"class":1016},[56,71195,36476],{"class":1020},[56,71197,3844],{"class":1016},[56,71199,427],{"class":76},[20,71201,71202],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71204,71205,71206,71208,71209,156],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71207,56028],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71210,4319],{},[42,71212,71214],{"id":71213},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[353,71216,71218],{"id":71217},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71220,71221,71222,71224,71225,156],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71223,13296],{}," raises an ",[15,71226,71227],{},"IndexError",[47,71229,71231],{"className":49,"code":71230,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71232,71233,71241],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71234,71235,71237,71239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71236,1214],{"class":65},[56,71238,1217],{"class":827},[56,71240,8371],{"class":76},[56,71242,71243,71245,71247,71249],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71244,1271],{"class":65},[56,71246,156],{"class":76},[56,71248,26771],{"class":95},[56,71250,9174],{"class":76},[20,71252,239],{},[47,71254,71256],{"className":49,"code":71255,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71257,71258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71259,71260,71262,71264,71267,71270,71273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71261,71227],{"class":378},[56,71263,1045],{"class":76},[56,71265,71266],{"class":65}," pop ",[56,71268,71269],{"class":62},"from",[56,71271,71272],{"class":65}," empty ",[56,71274,50389],{"class":378},[20,71276,39772],{},[173,71278,71279,71284],{},[176,71280,71281,71282],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71283,13296],{},[176,71285,71286,71287,4935,71289],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71288,30333],{},[15,71290,30364],{},[20,71292,986],{},[47,71294,71296],{"className":49,"code":71295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71297,71298,71306,71310,71318,71332,71338],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71299,71300,71302,71304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71301,1214],{"class":65},[56,71303,1217],{"class":827},[56,71305,8371],{"class":76},[56,71307,71308],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71309,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71311,71312,71314,71316],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71313,7529],{"class":62},[56,71315,1287],{"class":65},[56,71317,1390],{"class":76},[56,71319,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,71321,90],{"class":72},[56,71323,77],{"class":76},[56,71325,1271],{"class":95},[56,71327,156],{"class":76},[56,71329,26771],{"class":95},[56,71331,7726],{"class":76},[56,71333,71334,71336],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,71335,27964],{"class":62},[56,71337,1390],{"class":76},[56,71339,71340,71342,71344,71346,71349,71351],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,71341,90],{"class":72},[56,71343,77],{"class":76},[56,71345,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71347,71348],{"class":1020},"The list is empty.",[56,71350,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71352,99],{"class":76},[353,71354,71356],{"id":71355},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71358,71359,71360,156],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71361,71227],{},[47,71363,71365],{"className":49,"code":71364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71366,71367,71387],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71368,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71370,1594],{"class":65},[56,71372,1217],{"class":827},[56,71374,1220],{"class":76},[56,71376,2291],{"class":80},[56,71378,306],{"class":76},[56,71380,8323],{"class":80},[56,71382,306],{"class":76},[56,71384,8328],{"class":80},[56,71386,427],{"class":76},[56,71388,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71390,1618],{"class":65},[56,71392,156],{"class":76},[56,71394,26771],{"class":95},[56,71396,77],{"class":76},[56,71398,81],{"class":80},[56,71400,99],{"class":76},[20,71402,239],{},[47,71404,71406],{"className":49,"code":71405,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71407,71408],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71409,71410,71412,71414,71417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71411,71227],{"class":378},[56,71413,1045],{"class":76},[56,71415,71416],{"class":65}," pop index out of ",[56,71418,71419],{"class":72},"range\n",[20,71421,39772],{},[173,71423,71424,71429],{},[176,71425,71426,71427],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71428,1331],{},[176,71430,71431],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[47,71433,71435],{"className":49,"code":71434,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71436,71437,71457,71466,71470,71492,71510,71516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71438,71439,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71440,1594],{"class":65},[56,71442,1217],{"class":827},[56,71444,1220],{"class":76},[56,71446,2291],{"class":80},[56,71448,306],{"class":76},[56,71450,8323],{"class":80},[56,71452,306],{"class":76},[56,71454,8328],{"class":80},[56,71456,427],{"class":76},[56,71458,71459,71462,71464],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71460,71461],{"class":65},"index ",[56,71463,1217],{"class":827},[56,71465,1066],{"class":80},[56,71467,71468],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71469,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71471,71472,71474,71476,71479,71482,71484,71486,71488,71490],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,71473,7529],{"class":62},[56,71475,822],{"class":80},[56,71477,71478],{"class":827}," \u003C=",[56,71480,71481],{"class":65}," index ",[56,71483,3833],{"class":827},[56,71485,38897],{"class":72},[56,71487,77],{"class":76},[56,71489,1618],{"class":95},[56,71491,84],{"class":76},[56,71493,71494,71496,71498,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,71495,90],{"class":72},[56,71497,77],{"class":76},[56,71499,1618],{"class":95},[56,71501,156],{"class":76},[56,71503,26771],{"class":95},[56,71505,77],{"class":76},[56,71507,1483],{"class":95},[56,71509,1635],{"class":76},[56,71511,71512,71514],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,71513,27964],{"class":62},[56,71515,1390],{"class":76},[56,71517,71518,71520,71522,71524,71527,71529],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,71519,90],{"class":72},[56,71521,77],{"class":76},[56,71523,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71525,71526],{"class":1020},"Index is out of range.",[56,71528,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71530,99],{"class":76},[20,71532,71533,71534,156],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[264,71535,69757],{"href":69756},[353,71537,71539],{"id":71538},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71541,71542,71544],{},[15,71543,13296],{}," expects an integer index.",[47,71546,71548],{"className":49,"code":71547,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71549,71550,71570],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71551,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71553,1594],{"class":65},[56,71555,1217],{"class":827},[56,71557,1220],{"class":76},[56,71559,2291],{"class":80},[56,71561,306],{"class":76},[56,71563,8323],{"class":80},[56,71565,306],{"class":76},[56,71567,8328],{"class":80},[56,71569,427],{"class":76},[56,71571,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71573,1618],{"class":65},[56,71575,156],{"class":76},[56,71577,26771],{"class":95},[56,71579,77],{"class":76},[56,71581,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71583,529],{"class":1020},[56,71585,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71587,99],{"class":76},[20,71589,239],{},[47,71591,71593],{"className":49,"code":71592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71594,71595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71596,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609,71612,71615],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71598,3547],{"class":378},[56,71600,1045],{"class":76},[56,71602,3839],{"class":1016},[56,71604,3988],{"class":1020},[56,71606,3844],{"class":1016},[56,71608,2339],{"class":378},[56,71610,71611],{"class":65}," cannot be interpreted ",[56,71613,71614],{"class":62},"as",[56,71616,71617],{"class":65}," an integer\n",[20,71619,39772],{},[173,71621,71622,71631],{},[176,71623,71624,71625,2735,71627,2739,71629],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71626,152],{},[15,71628,529],{},[15,71630,66352],{},[176,71632,71633],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[47,71635,71637],{"className":49,"code":71636,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71638,71639,71659,71677,71681,71699],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71640,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653,71655,71657],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71642,1594],{"class":65},[56,71644,1217],{"class":827},[56,71646,1220],{"class":76},[56,71648,2291],{"class":80},[56,71650,306],{"class":76},[56,71652,8323],{"class":80},[56,71654,306],{"class":76},[56,71656,8328],{"class":80},[56,71658,427],{"class":76},[56,71660,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71662,71461],{"class":65},[56,71664,1217],{"class":827},[56,71666,1951],{"class":378},[56,71668,77],{"class":76},[56,71670,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71672,529],{"class":1020},[56,71674,1017],{"class":1016},[56,71676,99],{"class":76},[56,71678,71679],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71680,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71682,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,71684,373],{"class":72},[56,71686,77],{"class":76},[56,71688,1618],{"class":95},[56,71690,156],{"class":76},[56,71692,26771],{"class":95},[56,71694,77],{"class":76},[56,71696,1483],{"class":95},[56,71698,1635],{"class":76},[56,71700,71701,71703,71705,71707],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,71702,373],{"class":72},[56,71704,77],{"class":76},[56,71706,1618],{"class":95},[56,71708,99],{"class":76},[20,71710,239],{},[47,71712,71714],{"className":49,"code":71713,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71715,71716,71721],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71717,71718],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71719,71720],{"class":80},"20\n",[56,71722,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71724,402],{"class":76},[56,71726,2291],{"class":80},[56,71728,306],{"class":76},[56,71730,8328],{"class":80},[56,71732,427],{"class":76},[42,71734,71736],{"id":71735},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71738,71739],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[353,71741,2638,71743,11133],{"id":71742},"use-pop-when",[15,71744,13296],{},[173,71746,71747,71750,71753],{},[176,71748,71749],{},"you want to remove by index",[176,71751,71752],{},"you want the removed item returned",[176,71754,71755],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[353,71757,2638,71759,11133],{"id":71758},"use-remove-when",[15,71760,56028],{},[173,71762,71763,71766],{},[176,71764,71765],{},"you want to remove by value",[176,71767,71768],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71770,71771],{},"Compare these examples:",[47,71773,71775],{"className":49,"code":71774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71776,71777,71801,71805,71823,71833],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71778,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71780,1594],{"class":65},[56,71782,1217],{"class":827},[56,71784,1220],{"class":76},[56,71786,2291],{"class":80},[56,71788,306],{"class":76},[56,71790,8323],{"class":80},[56,71792,306],{"class":76},[56,71794,8328],{"class":80},[56,71796,306],{"class":76},[56,71798,8323],{"class":80},[56,71800,427],{"class":76},[56,71802,71803],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71804,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71806,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71808,70430],{"class":65},[56,71810,1217],{"class":827},[56,71812,4804],{"class":65},[56,71814,156],{"class":76},[56,71816,26771],{"class":95},[56,71818,77],{"class":76},[56,71820,529],{"class":80},[56,71822,99],{"class":76},[56,71824,71825,71827,71829,71831],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,71826,373],{"class":72},[56,71828,77],{"class":76},[56,71830,70453],{"class":95},[56,71832,99],{"class":76},[56,71834,71835,71837,71839,71841],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,71836,373],{"class":72},[56,71838,77],{"class":76},[56,71840,1618],{"class":95},[56,71842,99],{"class":76},[20,71844,239],{},[47,71846,71848],{"className":49,"code":71847,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71849,71850,71854],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71851,71852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71853,71720],{"class":80},[56,71855,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71857,402],{"class":76},[56,71859,2291],{"class":80},[56,71861,306],{"class":76},[56,71863,8328],{"class":80},[56,71865,306],{"class":76},[56,71867,8323],{"class":80},[56,71869,427],{"class":76},[47,71871,71873],{"className":49,"code":71872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71874,71875,71899,71903,71917],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71876,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71878,1594],{"class":65},[56,71880,1217],{"class":827},[56,71882,1220],{"class":76},[56,71884,2291],{"class":80},[56,71886,306],{"class":76},[56,71888,8323],{"class":80},[56,71890,306],{"class":76},[56,71892,8328],{"class":80},[56,71894,306],{"class":76},[56,71896,8323],{"class":80},[56,71898,427],{"class":76},[56,71900,71901],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,71902,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,71904,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71906,1618],{"class":65},[56,71908,156],{"class":76},[56,71910,35324],{"class":95},[56,71912,77],{"class":76},[56,71914,16289],{"class":80},[56,71916,99],{"class":76},[56,71918,71919,71921,71923,71925],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,71920,373],{"class":72},[56,71922,77],{"class":76},[56,71924,1618],{"class":95},[56,71926,99],{"class":76},[20,71928,239],{},[47,71930,71932],{"className":49,"code":71931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71933,71934],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71935,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71937,402],{"class":76},[56,71939,2291],{"class":80},[56,71941,306],{"class":76},[56,71943,8328],{"class":80},[56,71945,306],{"class":76},[56,71947,8323],{"class":80},[56,71949,427],{"class":76},[20,71951,71952,71953,71956,71957,156],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71954,71955],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71958,529],{},[20,71960,57104,71961,71964,71965,156],{},[15,71962,71963],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71966,16289],{},[20,71968,71969,71970,156],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[264,71971,55567],{"href":55566},[42,71973,3374],{"id":3373},[20,71975,71976,71977,1045],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71978,13296],{},[173,71980,71981,71984,71987,71993,71997],{},[176,71982,71983],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[176,71985,71986],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[176,71988,37718,71989,9236,71991],{},[15,71990,13296],{},[15,71992,56028],{},[176,71994,8983,71995,62470],{},[15,71996,13296],{},[176,71998,71999],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,72001,72002],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[47,72004,72006],{"className":49,"code":72005,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,72007,72008,72018,72032,72046,72064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72009,72010,72012,72014,72016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72011,373],{"class":72},[56,72013,77],{"class":76},[56,72015,8870],{"class":95},[56,72017,99],{"class":76},[56,72019,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72021,373],{"class":72},[56,72023,77],{"class":76},[56,72025,1266],{"class":72},[56,72027,77],{"class":76},[56,72029,8870],{"class":95},[56,72031,1635],{"class":76},[56,72033,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72035,373],{"class":72},[56,72037,77],{"class":76},[56,72039,8870],{"class":95},[56,72041,156],{"class":76},[56,72043,26771],{"class":95},[56,72045,7726],{"class":76},[56,72047,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,72049,373],{"class":72},[56,72051,77],{"class":76},[56,72053,8870],{"class":95},[56,72055,156],{"class":76},[56,72057,26771],{"class":95},[56,72059,77],{"class":76},[56,72061,152],{"class":80},[56,72063,1635],{"class":76},[56,72065,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,72067,373],{"class":72},[56,72069,77],{"class":76},[56,72071,2312],{"class":378},[56,72073,77],{"class":76},[56,72075,1483],{"class":95},[56,72077,1635],{"class":76},[20,72079,72080],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[173,72082,72083,72089],{},[176,72084,72085,72088],{},[15,72086,72087],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[176,72090,72091,72094],{},[15,72092,72093],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72096,72097,72098,72101],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72099,72100],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[42,72103,2343],{"id":2342},[353,72105,72107],{"id":72106},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72109,72110,72111,72113],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72112,13296],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[353,72115,72117],{"id":72116},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72119,72120,72122,72123,72125,72126,156],{},[15,72121,13296],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72124,56028],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72127,4319],{},[353,72129,72131],{"id":72130},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72133,72134,72135,72138],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72136,72137],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[353,72140,72142],{"id":72141},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72144,72145,72146,72148],{},"Python raises ",[15,72147,71227],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[42,72150,2417],{"id":2416},[173,72152,72153,72157,72162,72167,72172],{},[176,72154,72155],{},[264,72156,56014],{"href":55566},[176,72158,72159],{},[264,72160,72161],{"href":55571},"Python list remove() method",[176,72163,72164],{},[264,72165,72166],{"href":59465},"Python list index() method",[176,72168,72169],{},[264,72170,72171],{"href":51480},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[176,72173,72174],{},[264,72175,69757],{"href":69756},[2451,72177,72178],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":72180},[72181,72182,72183,72184,72185,72186,72187,72192,72198,72199,72205],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":70356,"depth":87,"text":70357},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":70666,"depth":87,"text":70667},{"id":70795,"depth":87,"text":70796},{"id":71066,"depth":87,"text":71067},{"id":71213,"depth":87,"text":71214,"children":72188},[72189,72190,72191],{"id":71217,"depth":102,"text":71218},{"id":71355,"depth":102,"text":71356},{"id":71538,"depth":102,"text":71539},{"id":71735,"depth":87,"text":71736,"children":72193},[72194,72196],{"id":71742,"depth":102,"text":72195},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71758,"depth":102,"text":72197},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":72200},[72201,72202,72203,72204],{"id":72106,"depth":102,"text":72107},{"id":72116,"depth":102,"text":72117},{"id":72130,"depth":102,"text":72131},{"id":72141,"depth":102,"text":72142},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70223,"description":72206},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72213,"title":72214,"body":72215,"description":74001,"extension":2509,"meta":74002,"navigation":105,"path":74003,"seo":74004,"stem":74005,"__hash__":74006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72216,"toc":73983},[72217,72220,72225,72231,72233,72303,72309,72313,72318,72339,72342,72409,72411,72432,72440,72442,72461,72477,72479,72544,72546,72571,72573,72575,72640,72642,72667,72669,72683,72686,72739,72741,72762,72766,72774,72847,72849,72882,72888,72894,72985,72987,73012,73018,73107,73109,73133,73135,73139,73194,73196,73228,73231,73234,73328,73330,73363,73369,73375,73379,73386,73412,73416,73481,73483,73508,73512,73593,73595,73624,73629,73634,73640,73644,73651,73673,73677,73736,73738,73762,73771,73776,73778,73782,73811,73813,73888,73891,73905,73911,73913,73917,73920,73924,73929,73933,73942,73946,73954,73956,73980],[10,72218,72214],{"id":72219},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72221,2526,72222,72224],{},[15,72223,55574],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72226,72227,72228,72230],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[37,72229,3017],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[42,72232,45],{"id":44},[47,72234,72236],{"className":49,"code":72235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72237,72238,72270,72288,72298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72239,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72241,1214],{"class":65},[56,72243,1217],{"class":827},[56,72245,1220],{"class":76},[56,72247,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72249,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72251,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72253,306],{"class":76},[56,72255,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72257,4628],{"class":1020},[56,72259,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72261,306],{"class":76},[56,72263,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72265,33751],{"class":1020},[56,72267,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72269,427],{"class":76},[56,72271,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72273,1271],{"class":65},[56,72275,156],{"class":76},[56,72277,35324],{"class":95},[56,72279,77],{"class":76},[56,72281,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72283,4628],{"class":1020},[56,72285,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72287,99],{"class":76},[56,72289,72290,72292,72294,72296],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72291,373],{"class":72},[56,72293,77],{"class":76},[56,72295,1271],{"class":95},[56,72297,99],{"class":76},[56,72299,72300],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,72301,72302],{"class":112},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72304,2638,72305,72308],{},[15,72306,72307],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[42,72310,72312],{"id":72311},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72314,72315,72317],{},[15,72316,56028],{}," is a list method that:",[173,72319,72320,72326,72331,72336],{},[176,72321,72322,72323,72325],{},"Deletes the ",[37,72324,30438],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[176,72327,72328,72329],{},"Changes the original list ",[37,72330,11866],{},[176,72332,2347,72333,72335],{},[37,72334,5170],{}," return a new list",[176,72337,72338],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72340,72341],{},"This is important for beginners:",[47,72343,72345],{"className":49,"code":72344,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72346,72347,72367,72385,72389,72399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72348,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72350,1594],{"class":65},[56,72352,1217],{"class":827},[56,72354,1220],{"class":76},[56,72356,529],{"class":80},[56,72358,306],{"class":76},[56,72360,414],{"class":80},[56,72362,306],{"class":76},[56,72364,419],{"class":80},[56,72366,427],{"class":76},[56,72368,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72370,2775],{"class":65},[56,72372,1217],{"class":827},[56,72374,4804],{"class":65},[56,72376,156],{"class":76},[56,72378,35324],{"class":95},[56,72380,77],{"class":76},[56,72382,463],{"class":80},[56,72384,99],{"class":76},[56,72386,72387],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72388,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,72390,72391,72393,72395,72397],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,72392,373],{"class":72},[56,72394,77],{"class":76},[56,72396,1618],{"class":95},[56,72398,99],{"class":76},[56,72400,72401,72403,72405,72407],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,72402,373],{"class":72},[56,72404,77],{"class":76},[56,72406,2809],{"class":95},[56,72408,99],{"class":76},[20,72410,239],{},[47,72412,72414],{"className":49,"code":72413,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72415,72416,72428],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72417,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72419,402],{"class":76},[56,72421,529],{"class":80},[56,72423,306],{"class":76},[56,72425,419],{"class":80},[56,72427,427],{"class":76},[56,72429,72430],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72431,12342],{"class":4393},[20,72433,72434,72435,72437,72438,156],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72436,56028],{}," itself returned ",[15,72439,4319],{},[42,72441,5971],{"id":5970},[47,72443,72445],{"className":49,"code":72444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72446,72447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72448,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72450,379],{"class":378},[56,72452,156],{"class":76},[56,72454,35324],{"class":95},[56,72456,77],{"class":76},[56,72458,3017],{"class":95},[56,72460,99],{"class":76},[173,72462,72463,72468,72471],{},[176,72464,72465,72467],{},[15,72466,3017],{}," is the item you want to delete",[176,72469,72470],{},"Python searches from left to right",[176,72472,72473,72474,72476],{},"Only the ",[37,72475,30438],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72478,986],{},[47,72480,72482],{"className":49,"code":72481,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72483,72484,72516,72534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72485,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72487,36614],{"class":65},[56,72489,1217],{"class":827},[56,72491,1220],{"class":76},[56,72493,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72495,264],{"class":1020},[56,72497,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72499,306],{"class":76},[56,72501,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72503,1234],{"class":1020},[56,72505,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72507,306],{"class":76},[56,72509,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72511,1243],{"class":1020},[56,72513,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72515,427],{"class":76},[56,72517,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72519,36666],{"class":65},[56,72521,156],{"class":76},[56,72523,35324],{"class":95},[56,72525,77],{"class":76},[56,72527,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72529,1234],{"class":1020},[56,72531,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72533,99],{"class":76},[56,72535,72536,72538,72540,72542],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72537,373],{"class":72},[56,72539,77],{"class":76},[56,72541,36666],{"class":95},[56,72543,99],{"class":76},[20,72545,239],{},[47,72547,72549],{"className":49,"code":72548,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72550,72551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72552,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72554,402],{"class":76},[56,72556,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72558,264],{"class":1020},[56,72560,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72562,306],{"class":76},[56,72564,3839],{"class":1016},[56,72566,1243],{"class":1020},[56,72568,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72570,427],{"class":76},[42,72572,6326],{"id":6325},[20,72574,65672],{},[47,72576,72578],{"className":49,"code":72577,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72579,72580,72612,72630],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72581,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72583,13609],{"class":65},[56,72585,1217],{"class":827},[56,72587,1220],{"class":76},[56,72589,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72591,13626],{"class":1020},[56,72593,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72595,306],{"class":76},[56,72597,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72599,13643],{"class":1020},[56,72601,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72603,306],{"class":76},[56,72605,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72607,17990],{"class":1020},[56,72609,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72611,427],{"class":76},[56,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72615,18037],{"class":65},[56,72617,156],{"class":76},[56,72619,35324],{"class":95},[56,72621,77],{"class":76},[56,72623,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72625,13643],{"class":1020},[56,72627,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72629,99],{"class":76},[56,72631,72632,72634,72636,72638],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72633,373],{"class":72},[56,72635,77],{"class":76},[56,72637,18037],{"class":95},[56,72639,99],{"class":76},[20,72641,239],{},[47,72643,72645],{"className":49,"code":72644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72646,72647],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72648,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72650,402],{"class":76},[56,72652,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72654,13626],{"class":1020},[56,72656,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72658,306],{"class":76},[56,72660,3839],{"class":1016},[56,72662,17990],{"class":1020},[56,72664,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72666,427],{"class":76},[20,72668,12217],{},[173,72670,72671,72674,72680],{},[176,72672,72673],{},"A list is created with three values",[176,72675,72676,72679],{},[15,72677,72678],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[176,72681,72682],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72684,72685],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[47,72687,72689],{"className":49,"code":72688,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72690,72691,72715,72729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72692,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72694,5603],{"class":65},[56,72696,1217],{"class":827},[56,72698,1220],{"class":76},[56,72700,2291],{"class":80},[56,72702,306],{"class":76},[56,72704,8323],{"class":80},[56,72706,306],{"class":76},[56,72708,8328],{"class":80},[56,72710,306],{"class":76},[56,72712,51344],{"class":80},[56,72714,427],{"class":76},[56,72716,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72718,16924],{"class":65},[56,72720,156],{"class":76},[56,72722,35324],{"class":95},[56,72724,77],{"class":76},[56,72726,37355],{"class":80},[56,72728,99],{"class":76},[56,72730,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72732,373],{"class":72},[56,72734,77],{"class":76},[56,72736,16924],{"class":95},[56,72738,99],{"class":76},[20,72740,239],{},[47,72742,72744],{"className":49,"code":72743,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72745,72746],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72747,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72749,402],{"class":76},[56,72751,2291],{"class":80},[56,72753,306],{"class":76},[56,72755,8323],{"class":80},[56,72757,306],{"class":76},[56,72759,51344],{"class":80},[56,72761,427],{"class":76},[42,72763,72765],{"id":72764},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72767,65662,72768,72770,72771,72773],{},[15,72769,56028],{}," deletes only the ",[37,72772,30438],{}," one.",[47,72775,72777],{"className":49,"code":72776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72778,72779,72819,72837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72780,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72782,1214],{"class":65},[56,72784,1217],{"class":827},[56,72786,1220],{"class":76},[56,72788,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72790,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72792,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72794,306],{"class":76},[56,72796,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72798,4628],{"class":1020},[56,72800,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72802,306],{"class":76},[56,72804,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72806,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72808,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72810,306],{"class":76},[56,72812,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72814,33751],{"class":1020},[56,72816,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72818,427],{"class":76},[56,72820,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72822,1271],{"class":65},[56,72824,156],{"class":76},[56,72826,35324],{"class":95},[56,72828,77],{"class":76},[56,72830,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72832,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72834,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72836,99],{"class":76},[56,72838,72839,72841,72843,72845],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72840,373],{"class":72},[56,72842,77],{"class":76},[56,72844,1271],{"class":95},[56,72846,99],{"class":76},[20,72848,239],{},[47,72850,72852],{"className":49,"code":72851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72853,72854],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72855,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72857,402],{"class":76},[56,72859,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72861,4628],{"class":1020},[56,72863,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72865,306],{"class":76},[56,72867,3839],{"class":1016},[56,72869,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72871,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72873,306],{"class":76},[56,72875,3839],{"class":1016},[56,72877,33751],{"class":1020},[56,72879,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72881,427],{"class":76},[20,72883,72884,72885,72887],{},"Only the first ",[15,72886,58333],{}," was removed.",[20,72889,72890,72891,72893],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72892,56028],{}," again:",[47,72895,72897],{"className":49,"code":72896,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72898,72899,72939,72957,72975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72900,72901,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72902,1214],{"class":65},[56,72904,1217],{"class":827},[56,72906,1220],{"class":76},[56,72908,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72910,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72912,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72914,306],{"class":76},[56,72916,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72918,4628],{"class":1020},[56,72920,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72922,306],{"class":76},[56,72924,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72926,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72928,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72930,306],{"class":76},[56,72932,1231],{"class":1016},[56,72934,33751],{"class":1020},[56,72936,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72938,427],{"class":76},[56,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,72942,1271],{"class":65},[56,72944,156],{"class":76},[56,72946,35324],{"class":95},[56,72948,77],{"class":76},[56,72950,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72952,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72954,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72956,99],{"class":76},[56,72958,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72960,1271],{"class":65},[56,72962,156],{"class":76},[56,72964,35324],{"class":95},[56,72966,77],{"class":76},[56,72968,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72970,4619],{"class":1020},[56,72972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,72974,99],{"class":76},[56,72976,72977,72979,72981,72983],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,72978,373],{"class":72},[56,72980,77],{"class":76},[56,72982,1271],{"class":95},[56,72984,99],{"class":76},[20,72986,239],{},[47,72988,72990],{"className":49,"code":72989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72991,72992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72993,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72995,402],{"class":76},[56,72997,3844],{"class":1016},[56,72999,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73001,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73003,306],{"class":76},[56,73005,3839],{"class":1016},[56,73007,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73009,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73011,427],{"class":76},[20,73013,73014,73015,73017],{},"If you need to remove ",[37,73016,4256],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[47,73019,73021],{"className":49,"code":73020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73022,73023,73063,73097],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73024,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73026,1214],{"class":65},[56,73028,1217],{"class":827},[56,73030,1220],{"class":76},[56,73032,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73034,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73036,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73038,306],{"class":76},[56,73040,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73042,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73044,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73046,306],{"class":76},[56,73048,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73050,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73052,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73054,306],{"class":76},[56,73056,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73058,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73060,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73062,427],{"class":76},[56,73064,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73082,73084,73086,73089,73091,73093,73095],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73066,1214],{"class":65},[56,73068,1217],{"class":827},[56,73070,1220],{"class":76},[56,73072,29069],{"class":65},[56,73074,31],{"class":62},[56,73076,1383],{"class":65},[56,73078,69],{"class":62},[56,73080,73081],{"class":65}," items ",[56,73083,7529],{"class":62},[56,73085,1383],{"class":65},[56,73087,73088],{"class":827},"!=",[56,73090,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73092,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73094,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73096,427],{"class":76},[56,73098,73099,73101,73103,73105],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73100,373],{"class":72},[56,73102,77],{"class":76},[56,73104,1271],{"class":95},[56,73106,99],{"class":76},[20,73108,239],{},[47,73110,73111],{"className":49,"code":72989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,73112,73113],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73114,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73116,402],{"class":76},[56,73118,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73120,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73122,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73124,306],{"class":76},[56,73126,3839],{"class":1016},[56,73128,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73130,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73132,427],{"class":76},[42,73134,66128],{"id":66127},[20,73136,66131,73137,156],{},[15,73138,953],{},[47,73140,73142],{"className":49,"code":73141,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73143,73144,73176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73145,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73147,1214],{"class":65},[56,73149,1217],{"class":827},[56,73151,1220],{"class":76},[56,73153,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73155,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73157,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73159,306],{"class":76},[56,73161,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73163,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73165,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73167,306],{"class":76},[56,73169,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73171,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73173,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73175,427],{"class":76},[56,73177,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73179,1271],{"class":65},[56,73181,156],{"class":76},[56,73183,35324],{"class":95},[56,73185,77],{"class":76},[56,73187,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73189,23069],{"class":1020},[56,73191,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73193,99],{"class":76},[20,73195,239],{},[47,73197,73199],{"className":49,"code":73198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73200,73201],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73202,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73204,953],{"class":378},[56,73206,1045],{"class":76},[56,73208,23096],{"class":378},[56,73210,156],{"class":76},[56,73212,35324],{"class":95},[56,73214,77],{"class":76},[56,73216,2719],{"class":95},[56,73218,16987],{"class":76},[56,73220,4421],{"class":65},[56,73222,5170],{"class":827},[56,73224,21709],{"class":827},[56,73226,73227],{"class":378}," list\n",[20,73229,73230],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73232,73233],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[47,73235,73237],{"className":49,"code":73236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73238,73239,73271,73283,73287,73299,73314,73318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73240,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73242,1214],{"class":65},[56,73244,1217],{"class":827},[56,73246,1220],{"class":76},[56,73248,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73250,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73252,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73254,306],{"class":76},[56,73256,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73258,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73260,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73262,306],{"class":76},[56,73264,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73266,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73268,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73270,427],{"class":76},[56,73272,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73274,2992],{"class":65},[56,73276,1217],{"class":827},[56,73278,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73280,23069],{"class":1020},[56,73282,3903],{"class":1016},[56,73284,73285],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73286,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,73288,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,73290,7529],{"class":62},[56,73292,22120],{"class":65},[56,73294,69],{"class":827},[56,73296,1287],{"class":65},[56,73298,1390],{"class":76},[56,73300,73301,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,73302,73303],{"class":65},"    items",[56,73305,156],{"class":76},[56,73307,35324],{"class":95},[56,73309,77],{"class":76},[56,73311,3017],{"class":95},[56,73313,99],{"class":76},[56,73315,73316],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,73317,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,73319,73320,73322,73324,73326],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,73321,373],{"class":72},[56,73323,77],{"class":76},[56,73325,1271],{"class":95},[56,73327,99],{"class":76},[20,73329,239],{},[47,73331,73333],{"className":49,"code":73332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73334,73335],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73336,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73338,402],{"class":76},[56,73340,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73342,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73344,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73346,306],{"class":76},[56,73348,3839],{"class":1016},[56,73350,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73352,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73354,306],{"class":76},[56,73356,3839],{"class":1016},[56,73358,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73360,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73362,427],{"class":76},[20,73364,73365,73366,73368],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73367,56028],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73370,73371,73372,156],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[264,73373,66337],{"href":73374},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[42,73376,73378],{"id":73377},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73380,73381,4935,73383,73385],{},[15,73382,56028],{},[15,73384,13296],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[173,73387,73388,73395,73401,73407],{},[176,73389,73390,73392,73393],{},[15,73391,56028],{}," deletes by ",[37,73394,3017],{},[176,73396,73397,73392,73399],{},[15,73398,13296],{},[37,73400,1483],{},[176,73402,73403,2942,73405],{},[15,73404,56028],{},[15,73406,4319],{},[176,73408,73409,73411],{},[15,73410,13296],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73413,46546,73414,1045],{},[15,73415,56028],{},[47,73417,73419],{"className":49,"code":73418,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73420,73421,73453,73471],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73422,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73424,1214],{"class":65},[56,73426,1217],{"class":827},[56,73428,1220],{"class":76},[56,73430,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73432,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73434,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73436,306],{"class":76},[56,73438,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73440,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73442,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73444,306],{"class":76},[56,73446,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73448,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73450,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73452,427],{"class":76},[56,73454,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73456,1271],{"class":65},[56,73458,156],{"class":76},[56,73460,35324],{"class":95},[56,73462,77],{"class":76},[56,73464,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73466,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73468,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73470,99],{"class":76},[56,73472,73473,73475,73477,73479],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73474,373],{"class":72},[56,73476,77],{"class":76},[56,73478,1271],{"class":95},[56,73480,99],{"class":76},[20,73482,239],{},[47,73484,73486],{"className":49,"code":73485,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73487,73488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73489,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73491,402],{"class":76},[56,73493,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73495,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73497,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73499,306],{"class":76},[56,73501,3839],{"class":1016},[56,73503,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73505,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73507,427],{"class":76},[20,73509,46546,73510,1045],{},[15,73511,13296],{},[47,73513,73515],{"className":49,"code":73514,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73516,73517,73549,73568,73572,73582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73518,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73520,1214],{"class":65},[56,73522,1217],{"class":827},[56,73524,1220],{"class":76},[56,73526,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73528,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73530,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73532,306],{"class":76},[56,73534,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73536,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73538,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73540,306],{"class":76},[56,73542,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73544,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73546,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73548,427],{"class":76},[56,73550,73551,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73552,73553],{"class":65},"removed_item ",[56,73555,1217],{"class":827},[56,73557,1287],{"class":65},[56,73559,156],{"class":76},[56,73561,26771],{"class":95},[56,73563,77],{"class":76},[56,73565,529],{"class":80},[56,73567,99],{"class":76},[56,73569,73570],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73571,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,73573,73574,73576,73578,73580],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,73575,373],{"class":72},[56,73577,77],{"class":76},[56,73579,1271],{"class":95},[56,73581,99],{"class":76},[56,73583,73584,73586,73588,73591],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,73585,373],{"class":72},[56,73587,77],{"class":76},[56,73589,73590],{"class":95},"removed_item",[56,73592,99],{"class":76},[20,73594,239],{},[47,73596,73598],{"className":49,"code":73597,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73599,73600,73620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73601,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73603,402],{"class":76},[56,73605,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73607,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73609,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73611,306],{"class":76},[56,73613,3839],{"class":1016},[56,73615,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73617,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73619,427],{"class":76},[56,73621,73622],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73623,70902],{"class":65},[20,73625,2638,73626,73628],{},[15,73627,56028],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73630,2638,73631,73633],{},[15,73632,13296],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73635,73636,73637,156],{},"For more detail, see the ",[264,73638,73639],{"href":55578},"Python list pop() method",[42,73641,73643],{"id":73642},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73645,73646,4935,73648,73650],{},[15,73647,56028],{},[15,73649,27555],{}," are also different.",[173,73652,73653,73658,73663,73668],{},[176,73654,73655,73657],{},[15,73656,56028],{}," deletes by matching value",[176,73659,73660,73662],{},[15,73661,27555],{}," deletes by index or slice",[176,73664,2638,73665,73667],{},[15,73666,27555],{}," when you know the position",[176,73669,2638,73670,73672],{},[15,73671,56028],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73674,46546,73675,1045],{},[15,73676,27555],{},[47,73678,73680],{"className":49,"code":73679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73681,73682,73714,73726],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73683,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73685,1214],{"class":65},[56,73687,1217],{"class":827},[56,73689,1220],{"class":76},[56,73691,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73693,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73695,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73697,306],{"class":76},[56,73699,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73701,4628],{"class":1020},[56,73703,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73705,306],{"class":76},[56,73707,1231],{"class":1016},[56,73709,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73711,1017],{"class":1016},[56,73713,427],{"class":76},[56,73715,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73717,27555],{"class":62},[56,73719,1287],{"class":65},[56,73721,402],{"class":76},[56,73723,529],{"class":80},[56,73725,427],{"class":76},[56,73727,73728,73730,73732,73734],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73729,373],{"class":72},[56,73731,77],{"class":76},[56,73733,1271],{"class":95},[56,73735,99],{"class":76},[20,73737,239],{},[47,73739,73740],{"className":49,"code":73485,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,73741,73742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73743,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754,73756,73758,73760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73745,402],{"class":76},[56,73747,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73749,4619],{"class":1020},[56,73751,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73753,306],{"class":76},[56,73755,3839],{"class":1016},[56,73757,33751],{"class":1020},[56,73759,3844],{"class":1016},[56,73761,427],{"class":76},[20,73763,73764,73765,73767,73768,73770],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73766,529],{},", not the value ",[15,73769,65772],{}," directly.",[20,73772,73773,73774,156],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[264,73775,55567],{"href":55566},[42,73777,3374],{"id":3373},[20,73779,21747,73780,1045],{},[15,73781,56028],{},[173,73783,73784,73787,73792,73799,73808],{},[176,73785,73786],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[176,73788,8983,73789,73791],{},[15,73790,56028],{}," to delete all matching values",[176,73793,13128,73794,73796,73797],{},[15,73795,56028],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73798,4319],{},[176,73800,958,73801,45137,73803,3422,73805,73807],{},[15,73802,56028],{},[15,73804,13296],{},[15,73806,27555],{}," would be a better fit",[176,73809,73810],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73812,72002],{},[47,73814,73816],{"className":49,"code":73815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73817,73818,73828,73842,73860,73874],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73819,73820,73822,73824,73826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73821,373],{"class":72},[56,73823,77],{"class":76},[56,73825,8870],{"class":95},[56,73827,99],{"class":76},[56,73829,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,73831,373],{"class":72},[56,73833,77],{"class":76},[56,73835,2992],{"class":95},[56,73837,69],{"class":62},[56,73839,8926],{"class":95},[56,73841,99],{"class":76},[56,73843,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73845,373],{"class":72},[56,73847,77],{"class":76},[56,73849,8870],{"class":95},[56,73851,156],{"class":76},[56,73853,41770],{"class":95},[56,73855,77],{"class":76},[56,73857,3017],{"class":95},[56,73859,1635],{"class":76},[56,73861,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,73863,373],{"class":72},[56,73865,77],{"class":76},[56,73867,2312],{"class":378},[56,73869,77],{"class":76},[56,73871,8870],{"class":95},[56,73873,1635],{"class":76},[56,73875,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,73877,32683],{"class":72},[56,73879,77],{"class":76},[56,73881,379],{"class":378},[56,73883,156],{"class":76},[56,73885,35324],{"class":25284},[56,73887,99],{"class":76},[20,73889,73890],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[173,73892,73893,73896,73899,73902],{},[176,73894,73895],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[176,73897,73898],{},"How many times does it appear?",[176,73900,73901],{},"Am I working with a list?",[176,73903,73904],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73906,73907,73908,73910],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[264,73909,72166],{"href":59465}," may also help.",[42,73912,2343],{"id":2342},[353,73914,73916],{"id":73915},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73918,73919],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[353,73921,73923],{"id":73922},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73925,5688,73926,73928],{},[15,73927,4319],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[353,73930,73932],{"id":73931},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73934,73935,73936,73939,73940,156],{},"Check with ",[15,73937,73938],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73941,56028],{},[353,73943,73945],{"id":73944},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73947,2638,73948,73950,73951,73953],{},[15,73949,56028],{}," for a value and ",[15,73952,13296],{}," for an index.",[42,73955,2417],{"id":2416},[173,73957,73958,73962,73966,73970,73974],{},[176,73959,73960],{},[264,73961,56014],{"href":55566},[176,73963,73964],{},[264,73965,73639],{"href":55578},[176,73967,73968],{},[264,73969,72166],{"href":59465},[176,73971,73972],{},[264,73973,66337],{"href":73374},[176,73975,73976],{},[264,73977,73979],{"href":73978},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2451,73981,73982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":73984},[73985,73986,73987,73988,73989,73990,73991,73992,73993,73994,74000],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":72311,"depth":87,"text":72312},{"id":5970,"depth":87,"text":5971},{"id":6325,"depth":87,"text":6326},{"id":72764,"depth":87,"text":72765},{"id":66127,"depth":87,"text":66128},{"id":73377,"depth":87,"text":73378},{"id":73642,"depth":87,"text":73643},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":73995},[73996,73997,73998,73999],{"id":73915,"depth":102,"text":73916},{"id":73922,"depth":102,"text":73923},{"id":73931,"depth":102,"text":73932},{"id":73944,"depth":102,"text":73945},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72214,"description":74001},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74008,"title":74009,"body":74010,"description":75901,"extension":2509,"meta":75902,"navigation":105,"path":75903,"seo":75904,"stem":75905,"__hash__":75906},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74011,"toc":75871},[74012,74018,74024,74027,74038,74040,74089,74094,74099,74103,74118,74120,74185,74187,74228,74230,74232,74247,74249,74260,74262,74319,74321,74354,74356,74359,74408,74410,74435,74437,74453,74459,74466,74527,74529,74562,74567,74570,74650,74652,74713,74719,74723,74726,74790,74792,74817,74819,74839,74841,74890,74892,74913,74922,74925,74929,74934,74979,74981,75002,75008,75013,75021,75085,75087,75124,75130,75134,75141,75206,75208,75245,75249,75266,75276,75281,75286,75297,75304,75306,75312,75335,75338,75365,75370,75373,75474,75476,75531,75534,75641,75643,75714,75717,75743,75745,75750,75754,75762,75767,75772,75778,75783,75787,75790,75807,75810,75830,75838,75840,75868],[10,74013,54841,74015,11854],{"id":74014},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,74016,74017],{},"reverse()",[20,74019,74020,74023],{},[15,74021,74022],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,74025,74026],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,74028,74029,74030,74032,74033,74037],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,74031,74017],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[264,74034,74036],{"href":74035},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[42,74039,4151],{"id":4150},[47,74041,74043],{"className":49,"code":74042,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74044,74045,74065,74076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74046,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74048,1594],{"class":65},[56,74050,1217],{"class":827},[56,74052,1220],{"class":76},[56,74054,529],{"class":80},[56,74056,306],{"class":76},[56,74058,414],{"class":80},[56,74060,306],{"class":76},[56,74062,419],{"class":80},[56,74064,427],{"class":76},[56,74066,74067,74069,74071,74074],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74068,1618],{"class":65},[56,74070,156],{"class":76},[56,74072,74073],{"class":95},"reverse",[56,74075,9174],{"class":76},[56,74077,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74079,373],{"class":72},[56,74081,77],{"class":76},[56,74083,1618],{"class":95},[56,74085,4202],{"class":76},[56,74087,74088],{"class":112},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74090,74091,74093],{},[15,74092,74017],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[42,74095,160,74097,163],{"id":74096},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74098,74022],{},[20,74100,74101,1045],{},[15,74102,74022],{},[173,74104,74105,74108,74111,74115],{},[176,74106,74107],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[176,74109,74110],{},"Changes the original list directly",[176,74112,11956,74113],{},[15,74114,4319],{},[176,74116,74117],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74119,986],{},[47,74121,74123],{"className":49,"code":74122,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74124,74125,74165,74175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74126,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74128,36614],{"class":65},[56,74130,1217],{"class":827},[56,74132,1220],{"class":76},[56,74134,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74136,264],{"class":1020},[56,74138,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74140,306],{"class":76},[56,74142,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74144,1234],{"class":1020},[56,74146,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74148,306],{"class":76},[56,74150,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74152,1243],{"class":1020},[56,74154,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74156,306],{"class":76},[56,74158,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74160,19303],{"class":1020},[56,74162,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74164,427],{"class":76},[56,74166,74167,74169,74171,74173],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74168,36666],{"class":65},[56,74170,156],{"class":76},[56,74172,74073],{"class":95},[56,74174,9174],{"class":76},[56,74176,74177,74179,74181,74183],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74178,373],{"class":72},[56,74180,77],{"class":76},[56,74182,36666],{"class":95},[56,74184,99],{"class":76},[20,74186,239],{},[47,74188,74190],{"className":49,"code":74189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74191,74192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74193,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220,74222,74224,74226],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74195,402],{"class":76},[56,74197,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74199,19303],{"class":1020},[56,74201,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74203,306],{"class":76},[56,74205,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74207,1243],{"class":1020},[56,74209,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74211,306],{"class":76},[56,74213,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74215,1234],{"class":1020},[56,74217,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74219,306],{"class":76},[56,74221,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74223,264],{"class":1020},[56,74225,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74227,427],{"class":76},[42,74229,2702],{"id":2701},[20,74231,2705],{},[47,74233,74235],{"className":49,"code":74234,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74236,74237],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74238,74239,74241,74243,74245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74240,8870],{"class":65},[56,74242,156],{"class":76},[56,74244,74073],{"class":95},[56,74246,9174],{"class":76},[20,74248,171],{},[173,74250,74251,74254,74257],{},[176,74252,74253],{},"No arguments are needed",[176,74255,74256],{},"You call it on an existing list",[176,74258,74259],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74261,986],{},[47,74263,74265],{"className":49,"code":74264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74266,74267,74299,74309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74268,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74270,13609],{"class":65},[56,74272,1217],{"class":827},[56,74274,1220],{"class":76},[56,74276,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74278,13626],{"class":1020},[56,74280,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74282,306],{"class":76},[56,74284,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74286,17990],{"class":1020},[56,74288,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74290,306],{"class":76},[56,74292,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74294,13643],{"class":1020},[56,74296,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74298,427],{"class":76},[56,74300,74301,74303,74305,74307],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74302,18037],{"class":65},[56,74304,156],{"class":76},[56,74306,74073],{"class":95},[56,74308,9174],{"class":76},[56,74310,74311,74313,74315,74317],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74312,373],{"class":72},[56,74314,77],{"class":76},[56,74316,18037],{"class":95},[56,74318,99],{"class":76},[20,74320,239],{},[47,74322,74324],{"className":49,"code":74323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74325,74326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74327,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74329,402],{"class":76},[56,74331,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74333,13643],{"class":1020},[56,74335,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74337,306],{"class":76},[56,74339,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74341,17990],{"class":1020},[56,74343,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74345,306],{"class":76},[56,74347,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74349,13626],{"class":1020},[56,74351,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74353,427],{"class":76},[42,74355,12008],{"id":12007},[20,74357,74358],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[47,74360,74362],{"className":49,"code":74361,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74363,74364,74388,74398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74365,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74367,1594],{"class":65},[56,74369,1217],{"class":827},[56,74371,1220],{"class":76},[56,74373,2291],{"class":80},[56,74375,306],{"class":76},[56,74377,8323],{"class":80},[56,74379,306],{"class":76},[56,74381,8328],{"class":80},[56,74383,306],{"class":76},[56,74385,51344],{"class":80},[56,74387,427],{"class":76},[56,74389,74390,74392,74394,74396],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74391,1618],{"class":65},[56,74393,156],{"class":76},[56,74395,74073],{"class":95},[56,74397,9174],{"class":76},[56,74399,74400,74402,74404,74406],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74401,373],{"class":72},[56,74403,77],{"class":76},[56,74405,1618],{"class":95},[56,74407,99],{"class":76},[20,74409,239],{},[47,74411,74413],{"className":49,"code":74412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74414,74415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74416,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74418,402],{"class":76},[56,74420,57192],{"class":80},[56,74422,306],{"class":76},[56,74424,8328],{"class":80},[56,74426,306],{"class":76},[56,74428,8323],{"class":80},[56,74430,306],{"class":76},[56,74432,534],{"class":80},[56,74434,427],{"class":76},[20,74436,12217],{},[173,74438,74439,74445,74450],{},[176,74440,74441,74442],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74443,74444],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[176,74446,74447,74449],{},[15,74448,74017],{}," flips the order",[176,74451,74452],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[42,74454,74456,74458],{"id":74455},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74457,74017],{}," changes the original list",[20,74460,74461,74462,74465],{},"This method is ",[37,74463,74464],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[47,74467,74469],{"className":49,"code":74468,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74470,74471,74503,74513,74517],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74472,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495,74497,74499,74501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74474,36756],{"class":65},[56,74476,1217],{"class":827},[56,74478,1220],{"class":76},[56,74480,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74482,4619],{"class":1020},[56,74484,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74486,306],{"class":76},[56,74488,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74490,4628],{"class":1020},[56,74492,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74494,306],{"class":76},[56,74496,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74498,4637],{"class":1020},[56,74500,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74502,427],{"class":76},[56,74504,74505,74507,74509,74511],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74506,36808],{"class":65},[56,74508,156],{"class":76},[56,74510,74073],{"class":95},[56,74512,9174],{"class":76},[56,74514,74515],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74516,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,74518,74519,74521,74523,74525],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,74520,373],{"class":72},[56,74522,77],{"class":76},[56,74524,36808],{"class":95},[56,74526,99],{"class":76},[20,74528,239],{},[47,74530,74532],{"className":49,"code":74531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74533,74534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74535,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556,74558,74560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74537,402],{"class":76},[56,74539,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74541,4637],{"class":1020},[56,74543,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74545,306],{"class":76},[56,74547,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74549,4628],{"class":1020},[56,74551,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74553,306],{"class":76},[56,74555,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74557,4619],{"class":1020},[56,74559,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74561,427],{"class":76},[20,74563,2638,74564,74566],{},[15,74565,74017],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74568,74569],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[47,74571,74573],{"className":49,"code":74572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74574,74575,74607,74625,74629,74639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74576,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603,74605],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74578,36756],{"class":65},[56,74580,1217],{"class":827},[56,74582,1220],{"class":76},[56,74584,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74586,4619],{"class":1020},[56,74588,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74590,306],{"class":76},[56,74592,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74594,4628],{"class":1020},[56,74596,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74598,306],{"class":76},[56,74600,1231],{"class":1016},[56,74602,4637],{"class":1020},[56,74604,1017],{"class":1016},[56,74606,427],{"class":76},[56,74608,74609,74612,74614,74616,74619,74621,74623],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74610,74611],{"class":65},"reversed_fruits ",[56,74613,1217],{"class":827},[56,74615,53353],{"class":65},[56,74617,74618],{"class":76},"[::",[56,74620,2568],{"class":827},[56,74622,529],{"class":80},[56,74624,427],{"class":76},[56,74626,74627],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74628,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,74630,74631,74633,74635,74637],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,74632,373],{"class":72},[56,74634,77],{"class":76},[56,74636,36808],{"class":95},[56,74638,99],{"class":76},[56,74640,74641,74643,74645,74648],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,74642,373],{"class":72},[56,74644,77],{"class":76},[56,74646,74647],{"class":95},"reversed_fruits",[56,74649,99],{"class":76},[20,74651,239],{},[47,74653,74655],{"className":49,"code":74654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74656,74657,74685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74658,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74660,402],{"class":76},[56,74662,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74664,4619],{"class":1020},[56,74666,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74668,306],{"class":76},[56,74670,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74672,4628],{"class":1020},[56,74674,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74676,306],{"class":76},[56,74678,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74680,4637],{"class":1020},[56,74682,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74684,427],{"class":76},[56,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707,74709,74711],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74688,402],{"class":76},[56,74690,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74692,4637],{"class":1020},[56,74694,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74696,306],{"class":76},[56,74698,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74700,4628],{"class":1020},[56,74702,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74704,306],{"class":76},[56,74706,3839],{"class":1016},[56,74708,4619],{"class":1020},[56,74710,3844],{"class":1016},[56,74712,427],{"class":76},[20,74714,74715,74716,156],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[264,74717,74718],{"href":74035},"Python list slicing explained",[42,74720,74722],{"id":74721},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74724,74725],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[47,74727,74729],{"className":49,"code":74728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74730,74731,74751,74765,74769,74780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74732,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747,74749],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74734,1594],{"class":65},[56,74736,1217],{"class":827},[56,74738,1220],{"class":76},[56,74740,529],{"class":80},[56,74742,306],{"class":76},[56,74744,414],{"class":80},[56,74746,306],{"class":76},[56,74748,419],{"class":80},[56,74750,427],{"class":76},[56,74752,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74754,56389],{"class":65},[56,74756,1217],{"class":827},[56,74758,4804],{"class":65},[56,74760,156],{"class":76},[56,74762,74073],{"class":95},[56,74764,9174],{"class":76},[56,74766,74767],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74768,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,74770,74771,74773,74775,74778],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,74772,373],{"class":72},[56,74774,77],{"class":76},[56,74776,74777],{"class":95},"new_list",[56,74779,99],{"class":76},[56,74781,74782,74784,74786,74788],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,74783,373],{"class":72},[56,74785,77],{"class":76},[56,74787,1618],{"class":95},[56,74789,99],{"class":76},[20,74791,239],{},[47,74793,74795],{"className":49,"code":74794,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74796,74797,74801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74798,74799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74800,12342],{"class":4393},[56,74802,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74804,402],{"class":76},[56,74806,223],{"class":80},[56,74808,306],{"class":76},[56,74810,414],{"class":80},[56,74812,306],{"class":76},[56,74814,409],{"class":80},[56,74816,427],{"class":76},[20,74818,12434],{},[173,74820,74821,74829,74833],{},[176,74822,74823,74825,74826,74828],{},[15,74824,74017],{}," changes ",[15,74827,1618],{}," directly",[176,74830,41416,74831,72335],{},[37,74832,5170],{},[176,74834,54154,74835,42664,74837],{},[15,74836,74777],{},[15,74838,4319],{},[20,74840,62396],{},[47,74842,74844],{"className":49,"code":74843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74845,74846,74866,74876,74880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74847,74848,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74849,1594],{"class":65},[56,74851,1217],{"class":827},[56,74853,1220],{"class":76},[56,74855,529],{"class":80},[56,74857,306],{"class":76},[56,74859,414],{"class":80},[56,74861,306],{"class":76},[56,74863,419],{"class":80},[56,74865,427],{"class":76},[56,74867,74868,74870,74872,74874],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74869,1618],{"class":65},[56,74871,156],{"class":76},[56,74873,74073],{"class":95},[56,74875,9174],{"class":76},[56,74877,74878],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74879,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,74881,74882,74884,74886,74888],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,74883,373],{"class":72},[56,74885,77],{"class":76},[56,74887,1618],{"class":95},[56,74889,99],{"class":76},[20,74891,239],{},[47,74893,74895],{"className":49,"code":74894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74896,74897],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74898,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74900,402],{"class":76},[56,74902,223],{"class":80},[56,74904,306],{"class":76},[56,74906,414],{"class":80},[56,74908,306],{"class":76},[56,74910,409],{"class":80},[56,74912,427],{"class":76},[42,74914,74916,1682,74918,74921],{"id":74915},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74917,74017],{},[15,74919,74920],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74923,74924],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[353,74926,74927],{"id":74073},[15,74928,74017],{},[20,74930,74931,74933],{},[15,74932,74017],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[47,74935,74937],{"className":49,"code":74936,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74938,74939,74959,74969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74940,74941,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953,74955,74957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74942,1594],{"class":65},[56,74944,1217],{"class":827},[56,74946,1220],{"class":76},[56,74948,223],{"class":80},[56,74950,306],{"class":76},[56,74952,409],{"class":80},[56,74954,306],{"class":76},[56,74956,414],{"class":80},[56,74958,427],{"class":76},[56,74960,74961,74963,74965,74967],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,74962,1618],{"class":65},[56,74964,156],{"class":76},[56,74966,74073],{"class":95},[56,74968,9174],{"class":76},[56,74970,74971,74973,74975,74977],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74972,373],{"class":72},[56,74974,77],{"class":76},[56,74976,1618],{"class":95},[56,74978,99],{"class":76},[20,74980,239],{},[47,74982,74984],{"className":49,"code":74983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74985,74986],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74987,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74989,402],{"class":76},[56,74991,463],{"class":80},[56,74993,306],{"class":76},[56,74995,409],{"class":80},[56,74997,306],{"class":76},[56,74999,419],{"class":80},[56,75001,427],{"class":76},[20,75003,75004,75005,75007],{},"Notice that this is ",[37,75006,5170],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[353,75009,75011],{"id":75010},"sorted",[15,75012,74920],{},[20,75014,75015,75020],{},[264,75016,75018],{"href":75017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,75019,74920],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[47,75022,75024],{"className":49,"code":75023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75025,75026,75046,75061,75065,75075],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75027,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042,75044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75029,1594],{"class":65},[56,75031,1217],{"class":827},[56,75033,1220],{"class":76},[56,75035,223],{"class":80},[56,75037,306],{"class":76},[56,75039,409],{"class":80},[56,75041,306],{"class":76},[56,75043,414],{"class":80},[56,75045,427],{"class":76},[56,75047,75048,75050,75052,75055,75057,75059],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75049,2775],{"class":65},[56,75051,1217],{"class":827},[56,75053,75054],{"class":72}," sorted",[56,75056,77],{"class":76},[56,75058,1618],{"class":95},[56,75060,99],{"class":76},[56,75062,75063],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75064,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,75068,373],{"class":72},[56,75070,77],{"class":76},[56,75072,1618],{"class":95},[56,75074,99],{"class":76},[56,75076,75077,75079,75081,75083],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,75078,373],{"class":72},[56,75080,77],{"class":76},[56,75082,2809],{"class":95},[56,75084,99],{"class":76},[20,75086,239],{},[47,75088,75090],{"className":49,"code":75089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75091,75092,75108],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75093,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104,75106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75095,402],{"class":76},[56,75097,223],{"class":80},[56,75099,306],{"class":76},[56,75101,409],{"class":80},[56,75103,306],{"class":76},[56,75105,414],{"class":80},[56,75107,427],{"class":76},[56,75109,75110,75112,75114,75116,75118,75120,75122],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75111,402],{"class":76},[56,75113,529],{"class":80},[56,75115,306],{"class":76},[56,75117,414],{"class":80},[56,75119,306],{"class":76},[56,75121,419],{"class":80},[56,75123,427],{"class":76},[20,75125,75126,75127,156],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75128,75129],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[353,75131,75133],{"id":75132},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75135,75136,75137,75140],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75138,75139],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[47,75142,75144],{"className":49,"code":75143,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75145,75146,75166,75182,75186,75196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75147,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75149,1594],{"class":65},[56,75151,1217],{"class":827},[56,75153,1220],{"class":76},[56,75155,223],{"class":80},[56,75157,306],{"class":76},[56,75159,409],{"class":80},[56,75161,306],{"class":76},[56,75163,414],{"class":80},[56,75165,427],{"class":76},[56,75167,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75169,2775],{"class":65},[56,75171,1217],{"class":827},[56,75173,4804],{"class":65},[56,75175,74618],{"class":76},[56,75177,2568],{"class":827},[56,75179,529],{"class":80},[56,75181,427],{"class":76},[56,75183,75184],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75185,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75187,75188,75190,75192,75194],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,75189,373],{"class":72},[56,75191,77],{"class":76},[56,75193,1618],{"class":95},[56,75195,99],{"class":76},[56,75197,75198,75200,75202,75204],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,75199,373],{"class":72},[56,75201,77],{"class":76},[56,75203,2809],{"class":95},[56,75205,99],{"class":76},[20,75207,239],{},[47,75209,75211],{"className":49,"code":75210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75212,75213,75229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75214,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75216,402],{"class":76},[56,75218,223],{"class":80},[56,75220,306],{"class":76},[56,75222,409],{"class":80},[56,75224,306],{"class":76},[56,75226,414],{"class":80},[56,75228,427],{"class":76},[56,75230,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75232,402],{"class":76},[56,75234,463],{"class":80},[56,75236,306],{"class":76},[56,75238,409],{"class":80},[56,75240,306],{"class":76},[56,75242,419],{"class":80},[56,75244,427],{"class":76},[353,75246,75248],{"id":75247},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[173,75250,75251,75256,75261],{},[176,75252,2638,75253,75255],{},[15,75254,74017],{}," when you want to change the original list",[176,75257,2638,75258,75260],{},[15,75259,75139],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[176,75262,2638,75263,75265],{},[15,75264,74920],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75267,75268,75269,75275],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[264,75270,75272,75273,11273],{"href":75271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75274,64810],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[42,75277,5500,75279],{"id":75278},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75280,74017],{},[20,75282,75283,75285],{},[15,75284,74017],{}," is a good choice:",[173,75287,75288,75291,75294],{},[176,75289,75290],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[176,75292,75293],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[176,75295,75296],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75298,75299,75300,156],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[264,75301,75303],{"href":75302},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[42,75305,3374],{"id":3373},[20,75307,75308,75309,75311],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75310,74017],{}," for these reasons:",[173,75313,75314,75318,75323,75328],{},[176,75315,13128,75316,13131],{},[15,75317,74017],{},[176,75319,8983,75320,75322],{},[15,75321,74017],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[176,75324,958,75325,75327],{},[15,75326,74017],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[176,75329,37718,75330,9236,75332],{},[15,75331,74017],{},[15,75333,75334],{},"reversed()",[20,75336,75337],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[47,75339,75341],{"className":49,"code":75340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75342,75343,75355],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75344,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75346,35217],{"class":65},[56,75348,1217],{"class":827},[56,75350,1231],{"class":1016},[56,75352,4386],{"class":1020},[56,75354,3903],{"class":1016},[56,75356,75357,75359,75361,75363],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75358,35238],{"class":65},[56,75360,156],{"class":76},[56,75362,74073],{"class":95},[56,75364,9174],{"class":76},[20,75366,75367,75368,34129],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75369,74017],{},[20,75371,75372],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[47,75374,75376],{"className":49,"code":75375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75377,75378,75398,75402,75412,75426,75430,75444,75454,75458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75379,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75381,8839],{"class":65},[56,75383,1217],{"class":827},[56,75385,1220],{"class":76},[56,75387,529],{"class":80},[56,75389,306],{"class":76},[56,75391,414],{"class":80},[56,75393,306],{"class":76},[56,75395,419],{"class":80},[56,75397,427],{"class":76},[56,75399,75400],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75401,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75403,75404,75406,75408,75410],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75405,373],{"class":72},[56,75407,77],{"class":76},[56,75409,8870],{"class":95},[56,75411,99],{"class":76},[56,75413,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422,75424],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,75415,373],{"class":72},[56,75417,77],{"class":76},[56,75419,2312],{"class":378},[56,75421,77],{"class":76},[56,75423,8870],{"class":95},[56,75425,1635],{"class":76},[56,75427,75428],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,75429,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75431,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,75433,2775],{"class":65},[56,75435,1217],{"class":827},[56,75437,8926],{"class":65},[56,75439,156],{"class":76},[56,75441,74073],{"class":95},[56,75443,9174],{"class":76},[56,75445,75446,75448,75450,75452],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,75447,373],{"class":72},[56,75449,77],{"class":76},[56,75451,2809],{"class":95},[56,75453,99],{"class":76},[56,75455,75456],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,75457,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75459,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,75461,373],{"class":72},[56,75463,77],{"class":76},[56,75465,8870],{"class":95},[56,75467,74618],{"class":76},[56,75469,2568],{"class":827},[56,75471,529],{"class":80},[56,75473,1294],{"class":76},[20,75475,239],{},[47,75477,75479],{"className":49,"code":75478,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75480,75481,75497,75511,75515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75482,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75484,402],{"class":76},[56,75486,529],{"class":80},[56,75488,306],{"class":76},[56,75490,414],{"class":80},[56,75492,306],{"class":76},[56,75494,419],{"class":80},[56,75496,427],{"class":76},[56,75498,75499,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75500,3833],{"class":827},[56,75502,3836],{"class":2610},[56,75504,3839],{"class":1016},[56,75506,379],{"class":1020},[56,75508,3844],{"class":1016},[56,75510,3847],{"class":827},[56,75512,75513],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75514,12342],{"class":4393},[56,75516,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,75518,402],{"class":76},[56,75520,529],{"class":80},[56,75522,306],{"class":76},[56,75524,414],{"class":80},[56,75526,306],{"class":76},[56,75528,409],{"class":80},[56,75530,427],{"class":76},[20,75532,75533],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[47,75535,75537],{"className":49,"code":75536,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75538,75539,75559,75563,75573,75587,75591,75605,75615,75625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75540,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75542,8839],{"class":65},[56,75544,1217],{"class":827},[56,75546,1220],{"class":76},[56,75548,529],{"class":80},[56,75550,306],{"class":76},[56,75552,414],{"class":80},[56,75554,306],{"class":76},[56,75556,419],{"class":80},[56,75558,427],{"class":76},[56,75560,75561],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75562,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75564,75565,75567,75569,75571],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75566,373],{"class":72},[56,75568,77],{"class":76},[56,75570,8870],{"class":95},[56,75572,99],{"class":76},[56,75574,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,75576,373],{"class":72},[56,75578,77],{"class":76},[56,75580,2312],{"class":378},[56,75582,77],{"class":76},[56,75584,8870],{"class":95},[56,75586,1635],{"class":76},[56,75588,75589],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,75590,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75592,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,75594,2775],{"class":65},[56,75596,1217],{"class":827},[56,75598,8926],{"class":65},[56,75600,156],{"class":76},[56,75602,74073],{"class":95},[56,75604,9174],{"class":76},[56,75606,75607,75609,75611,75613],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,75608,373],{"class":72},[56,75610,77],{"class":76},[56,75612,2809],{"class":95},[56,75614,99],{"class":76},[56,75616,75617,75619,75621,75623],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,75618,373],{"class":72},[56,75620,77],{"class":76},[56,75622,8870],{"class":95},[56,75624,99],{"class":76},[56,75626,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,75628,373],{"class":72},[56,75630,77],{"class":76},[56,75632,8870],{"class":95},[56,75634,74618],{"class":76},[56,75636,2568],{"class":827},[56,75638,529],{"class":80},[56,75640,1294],{"class":76},[20,75642,239],{},[47,75644,75646],{"className":49,"code":75645,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75647,75648,75664,75678,75682,75698],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75649,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75651,402],{"class":76},[56,75653,529],{"class":80},[56,75655,306],{"class":76},[56,75657,414],{"class":80},[56,75659,306],{"class":76},[56,75661,419],{"class":80},[56,75663,427],{"class":76},[56,75665,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75667,3833],{"class":827},[56,75669,3836],{"class":2610},[56,75671,3839],{"class":1016},[56,75673,379],{"class":1020},[56,75675,3844],{"class":1016},[56,75677,3847],{"class":827},[56,75679,75680],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75681,12342],{"class":4393},[56,75683,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,75685,402],{"class":76},[56,75687,223],{"class":80},[56,75689,306],{"class":76},[56,75691,414],{"class":80},[56,75693,306],{"class":76},[56,75695,409],{"class":80},[56,75697,427],{"class":76},[56,75699,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,75701,402],{"class":76},[56,75703,529],{"class":80},[56,75705,306],{"class":76},[56,75707,414],{"class":80},[56,75709,306],{"class":76},[56,75711,419],{"class":80},[56,75713,427],{"class":76},[20,75715,75716],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[173,75718,75719,75728,75737],{},[176,75720,28326,75721,75724,75725],{},[15,75722,75723],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75726,75727],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[176,75729,12450,75730,75733,75734,23096],{},[15,75731,75732],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[37,75735,75736],{},"current",[176,75738,75739,75740],{},"So it prints ",[15,75741,75742],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[42,75744,2343],{"id":2342},[353,75746,2347,75748,55968],{"id":75747},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75749,74022],{},[20,75751,63101,75752,156],{},[15,75753,4319],{},[353,75755,34734,75757,34737,75759,2363],{"id":75756},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75758,74017],{},[15,75760,75761],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75763,75764,75766],{},[15,75765,74017],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75768,75769,75771],{},[15,75770,75761],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[353,75773,28859,75775,75777],{"id":75774},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75776,74017],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75779,46871,75780,75782],{},[15,75781,74017],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[353,75784,75786],{"id":75785},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75788,75789],{},"Use slicing:",[47,75791,75793],{"className":49,"code":75792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75794,75795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75796,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75798,8870],{"class":65},[56,75800,74618],{"class":76},[56,75802,2568],{"class":827},[56,75804,529],{"class":80},[56,75806,427],{"class":76},[20,75808,75809],{},"Or use:",[47,75811,75813],{"className":49,"code":75812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75814,75815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75816,75817,75819,75821,75824,75826,75828],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75818,379],{"class":378},[56,75820,77],{"class":76},[56,75822,75823],{"class":72},"reversed",[56,75825,77],{"class":76},[56,75827,8870],{"class":95},[56,75829,1635],{"class":76},[20,75831,75832,75833,75837],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[264,75834,56019,75835],{"href":55459},[15,75836,13310],{}," can also help.",[42,75839,2417],{"id":2416},[173,75841,75842,75848,75854,75858,75862],{},[176,75843,75844],{},[264,75845,56019,75846,11273],{"href":75271},[15,75847,64810],{},[176,75849,75850],{},[264,75851,13,75852,2430],{"href":75017},[15,75853,74920],{},[176,75855,75856],{},[264,75857,75303],{"href":75302},[176,75859,75860],{},[264,75861,74718],{"href":74035},[176,75863,75864],{},[264,75865,56019,75866,11273],{"href":55459},[15,75867,13310],{},[2451,75869,75870],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":75872},[75873,75874,75876,75877,75878,75880,75881,75888,75890,75891,75900],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":74096,"depth":87,"text":75875},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":74455,"depth":87,"text":75879},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74721,"depth":87,"text":74722},{"id":74915,"depth":87,"text":75882,"children":75883},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75884,75885,75886,75887],{"id":74073,"depth":102,"text":74017},{"id":75010,"depth":102,"text":74920},{"id":75132,"depth":102,"text":75133},{"id":75247,"depth":102,"text":75248},{"id":75278,"depth":87,"text":75889},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":75892},[75893,75895,75897,75899],{"id":75747,"depth":102,"text":75894},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75756,"depth":102,"text":75896},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75774,"depth":102,"text":75898},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75785,"depth":102,"text":75786},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":74009,"description":75901},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75908,"title":75909,"body":75910,"description":78337,"extension":2509,"meta":78338,"navigation":105,"path":78339,"seo":78340,"stem":78341,"__hash__":78342},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75911,"toc":78305},[75912,75915,75925,75928,75951,75959,75961,76073,76082,76086,76089,76092,76179,76181,76214,76216,76239,76245,76249,76252,76274,76276,76293,76296,76316,76318,76428,76430,76507,76511,76514,76557,76559,76692,76694,76796,76801,76805,76808,76810,76824,76827,76941,76943,77017,77019,77047,77051,77056,77085,77088,77214,77216,77298,77304,77307,77309,77348,77356,77360,77363,77367,77414,77416,77424,77428,77479,77481,77494,77496,77510,77513,77521,77523,77570,77572,77580,77583,77626,77631,77634,77637,77660,77664,77715,77718,77739,77749,77753,77755,77785,77788,77811,77815,77818,77885,77887,77924,77927,77935,78002,78004,78041,78047,78054,78058,78060,78090,78095,78099,78102,78126,78129,78223,78233,78235,78239,78242,78246,78249,78254,78257,78263,78266,78268,78296,78302],[10,75913,75909],{"id":75914},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75916,75917,75918,2735,75920,17607,75922,75924],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75919,303],{},[15,75921,292],{},[15,75923,350],{},", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75926,75927],{},"The basic slice form is:",[47,75929,75931],{"className":49,"code":75930,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75932,75933],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75936,8870],{"class":65},[56,75938,402],{"class":76},[56,75940,303],{"class":65},[56,75942,1045],{"class":76},[56,75944,292],{"class":65},[56,75946,1045],{"class":76},[56,75948,350],{"class":65},[56,75950,427],{"class":76},[20,75952,75953,75954,75956,75957,156],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75955,292],{}," position is ",[37,75958,192],{},[42,75960,45],{"id":44},[47,75962,75964],{"className":49,"code":75963,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75965,75966,75994,75998,76019,76037,76054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75967,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75969,1594],{"class":65},[56,75971,1217],{"class":827},[56,75973,1220],{"class":76},[56,75975,2291],{"class":80},[56,75977,306],{"class":76},[56,75979,8323],{"class":80},[56,75981,306],{"class":76},[56,75983,8328],{"class":80},[56,75985,306],{"class":76},[56,75987,51344],{"class":80},[56,75989,306],{"class":76},[56,75991,5620],{"class":80},[56,75993,427],{"class":76},[56,75995,75996],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,75997,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,75999,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76001,373],{"class":72},[56,76003,77],{"class":76},[56,76005,1618],{"class":95},[56,76007,402],{"class":76},[56,76009,529],{"class":80},[56,76011,1045],{"class":76},[56,76013,1603],{"class":80},[56,76015,20981],{"class":76},[56,76017,76018],{"class":112},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[56,76020,76021,76023,76025,76027,76030,76032,76034],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,76022,373],{"class":72},[56,76024,77],{"class":76},[56,76026,1618],{"class":95},[56,76028,76029],{"class":76},"[:",[56,76031,223],{"class":80},[56,76033,20981],{"class":76},[56,76035,76036],{"class":112},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[56,76038,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,76040,373],{"class":72},[56,76042,77],{"class":76},[56,76044,1618],{"class":95},[56,76046,74618],{"class":76},[56,76048,463],{"class":80},[56,76050,20981],{"class":76},[56,76052,76053],{"class":112},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[56,76055,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,76057,373],{"class":72},[56,76059,77],{"class":76},[56,76061,1618],{"class":95},[56,76063,74618],{"class":76},[56,76065,2568],{"class":827},[56,76067,529],{"class":80},[56,76069,20981],{"class":76},[56,76071,76072],{"class":112},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76074,2638,76075,76078,76079,76081],{},[15,76076,76077],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76080,292],{}," value is not included.",[42,76083,76085],{"id":76084},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76087,76088],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76090,76091],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[47,76093,76095],{"className":49,"code":76094,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76096,76097,76145,76149,76168],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76098,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76100,36614],{"class":65},[56,76102,1217],{"class":827},[56,76104,1220],{"class":76},[56,76106,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76108,264],{"class":1020},[56,76110,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76112,306],{"class":76},[56,76114,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76116,1234],{"class":1020},[56,76118,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76120,306],{"class":76},[56,76122,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76124,1243],{"class":1020},[56,76126,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76128,306],{"class":76},[56,76130,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76132,19303],{"class":1020},[56,76134,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76136,306],{"class":76},[56,76138,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76140,60946],{"class":1020},[56,76142,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76144,427],{"class":76},[56,76146,76147],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,76148,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,76150,76151,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76152,76153],{"class":65},"part ",[56,76155,1217],{"class":827},[56,76157,70592],{"class":65},[56,76159,402],{"class":76},[56,76161,529],{"class":80},[56,76163,1045],{"class":76},[56,76165,1603],{"class":80},[56,76167,427],{"class":76},[56,76169,76170,76172,76174,76177],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,76171,373],{"class":72},[56,76173,77],{"class":76},[56,76175,76176],{"class":95},"part",[56,76178,99],{"class":76},[20,76180,239],{},[47,76182,76184],{"className":49,"code":76183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76185,76186],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76187,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76189,402],{"class":76},[56,76191,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76193,1234],{"class":1020},[56,76195,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76197,306],{"class":76},[56,76199,3839],{"class":1016},[56,76201,1243],{"class":1020},[56,76203,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76205,306],{"class":76},[56,76207,3839],{"class":1016},[56,76209,19303],{"class":1020},[56,76211,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76213,427],{"class":76},[20,76215,171],{},[173,76217,76218,76221,76224,76230,76236],{},[176,76219,76220],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[176,76222,76223],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[176,76225,76226,76227],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76228,76229],{},"list[start:stop]",[176,76231,76232,76233,76235],{},"The item at ",[15,76234,292],{}," is not included",[176,76237,76238],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76240,76241,76242,156],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[264,76243,76244],{"href":51480},"beginner guide to Python lists",[42,76246,76248],{"id":76247},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76250,76251],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[47,76253,76254],{"className":49,"code":75930,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,76255,76256],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76257,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76259,8870],{"class":65},[56,76261,402],{"class":76},[56,76263,303],{"class":65},[56,76265,1045],{"class":76},[56,76267,292],{"class":65},[56,76269,1045],{"class":76},[56,76271,350],{"class":65},[56,76273,427],{"class":76},[20,76275,65544],{},[173,76277,76278,76283,76288],{},[176,76279,76280,76282],{},[15,76281,303],{}," is where slicing begins",[176,76284,76285,76287],{},[15,76286,292],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[176,76289,76290,76292],{},[15,76291,350],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76294,76295],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[173,76297,76298,76304,76309],{},[176,76299,76300,76301,76303],{},"Missing ",[15,76302,303],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[176,76305,76300,76306,76308],{},[15,76307,292],{}," means go to the end of the list",[176,76310,76300,76311,76313,76314],{},[15,76312,350],{}," means use ",[15,76315,529],{},[20,76317,986],{},[47,76319,76321],{"className":49,"code":76320,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76322,76323,76351,76355,76376,76393,76411],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76324,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76326,1594],{"class":65},[56,76328,1217],{"class":827},[56,76330,1220],{"class":76},[56,76332,2291],{"class":80},[56,76334,306],{"class":76},[56,76336,8323],{"class":80},[56,76338,306],{"class":76},[56,76340,8328],{"class":80},[56,76342,306],{"class":76},[56,76344,51344],{"class":80},[56,76346,306],{"class":76},[56,76348,5620],{"class":80},[56,76350,427],{"class":76},[56,76352,76353],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,76354,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,76356,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76358,373],{"class":72},[56,76360,77],{"class":76},[56,76362,1618],{"class":95},[56,76364,402],{"class":76},[56,76366,529],{"class":80},[56,76368,1045],{"class":76},[56,76370,1603],{"class":80},[56,76372,20981],{"class":76},[56,76374,76375],{"class":112},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[56,76377,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,76379,373],{"class":72},[56,76381,77],{"class":76},[56,76383,1618],{"class":95},[56,76385,76029],{"class":76},[56,76387,223],{"class":80},[56,76389,20981],{"class":76},[56,76391,76392],{"class":112},"    # start from the beginning\n",[56,76394,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76408],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,76396,373],{"class":72},[56,76398,77],{"class":76},[56,76400,1618],{"class":95},[56,76402,402],{"class":76},[56,76404,463],{"class":80},[56,76406,76407],{"class":76},":])",[56,76409,76410],{"class":112},"    # go to the end\n",[56,76412,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,76414,373],{"class":72},[56,76416,77],{"class":76},[56,76418,1618],{"class":95},[56,76420,74618],{"class":76},[56,76422,529],{"class":80},[56,76424,20981],{"class":76},[56,76426,76427],{"class":112},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76429,239],{},[47,76431,76433],{"className":49,"code":76432,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76434,76435,76451,76467,76483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76436,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76438,402],{"class":76},[56,76440,16289],{"class":80},[56,76442,306],{"class":76},[56,76444,8328],{"class":80},[56,76446,306],{"class":76},[56,76448,51344],{"class":80},[56,76450,427],{"class":76},[56,76452,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,76454,402],{"class":76},[56,76456,2291],{"class":80},[56,76458,306],{"class":76},[56,76460,8323],{"class":80},[56,76462,306],{"class":76},[56,76464,8328],{"class":80},[56,76466,427],{"class":76},[56,76468,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76470,402],{"class":76},[56,76472,37355],{"class":80},[56,76474,306],{"class":76},[56,76476,51344],{"class":80},[56,76478,306],{"class":76},[56,76480,5620],{"class":80},[56,76482,427],{"class":76},[56,76484,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,76486,402],{"class":76},[56,76488,2291],{"class":80},[56,76490,306],{"class":76},[56,76492,8323],{"class":80},[56,76494,306],{"class":76},[56,76496,8328],{"class":80},[56,76498,306],{"class":76},[56,76500,51344],{"class":80},[56,76502,306],{"class":76},[56,76504,5620],{"class":80},[56,76506,427],{"class":76},[42,76508,76510],{"id":76509},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76512,76513],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[173,76515,76516,76525,76534,76545,76551],{},[176,76517,76518,76521,76522,1287],{},[15,76519,76520],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76523,76524],{},"n",[176,76526,76527,76530,76531,76533],{},[15,76528,76529],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76532,76524],{}," to the end",[176,76535,76536,76539,76540,76542,76543],{},[15,76537,76538],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76541,264],{}," up to ",[15,76544,1234],{},[176,76546,76547,76550],{},[15,76548,76549],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[176,76552,76553,76556],{},[15,76554,76555],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76558,986],{},[47,76560,76562],{"className":49,"code":76561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76563,76564,76597,76601,76618,76635,76656,76673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76565,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76567,1594],{"class":65},[56,76569,1217],{"class":827},[56,76571,1220],{"class":76},[56,76573,2291],{"class":80},[56,76575,306],{"class":76},[56,76577,8323],{"class":80},[56,76579,306],{"class":76},[56,76581,8328],{"class":80},[56,76583,306],{"class":76},[56,76585,51344],{"class":80},[56,76587,306],{"class":76},[56,76589,5620],{"class":80},[56,76591,306],{"class":76},[56,76593,76594],{"class":80}," 60",[56,76596,427],{"class":76},[56,76598,76599],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,76600,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,76602,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76604,373],{"class":72},[56,76606,77],{"class":76},[56,76608,1618],{"class":95},[56,76610,76029],{"class":76},[56,76612,223],{"class":80},[56,76614,20981],{"class":76},[56,76616,76617],{"class":112},"    # first 3 items\n",[56,76619,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,76621,373],{"class":72},[56,76623,77],{"class":76},[56,76625,1618],{"class":95},[56,76627,402],{"class":76},[56,76629,223],{"class":80},[56,76631,76407],{"class":76},[56,76633,76634],{"class":112},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[56,76636,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,76638,373],{"class":72},[56,76640,77],{"class":76},[56,76642,1618],{"class":95},[56,76644,402],{"class":76},[56,76646,529],{"class":80},[56,76648,1045],{"class":76},[56,76650,81],{"class":80},[56,76652,20981],{"class":76},[56,76654,76655],{"class":112},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[56,76657,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,76659,373],{"class":72},[56,76661,77],{"class":76},[56,76663,1618],{"class":95},[56,76665,74618],{"class":76},[56,76667,463],{"class":80},[56,76669,20981],{"class":76},[56,76671,76672],{"class":112},"   # every second item\n",[56,76674,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,76676,373],{"class":72},[56,76678,77],{"class":76},[56,76680,1618],{"class":95},[56,76682,74618],{"class":76},[56,76684,2568],{"class":827},[56,76686,529],{"class":80},[56,76688,20981],{"class":76},[56,76690,76691],{"class":112},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76693,239],{},[47,76695,76697],{"className":49,"code":76696,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76698,76699,76715,76731,76751,76767],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76700,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76702,402],{"class":76},[56,76704,2291],{"class":80},[56,76706,306],{"class":76},[56,76708,8323],{"class":80},[56,76710,306],{"class":76},[56,76712,8328],{"class":80},[56,76714,427],{"class":76},[56,76716,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,76718,402],{"class":76},[56,76720,57192],{"class":80},[56,76722,306],{"class":76},[56,76724,5620],{"class":80},[56,76726,306],{"class":76},[56,76728,76594],{"class":80},[56,76730,427],{"class":76},[56,76732,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76734,402],{"class":76},[56,76736,16289],{"class":80},[56,76738,306],{"class":76},[56,76740,8328],{"class":80},[56,76742,306],{"class":76},[56,76744,51344],{"class":80},[56,76746,306],{"class":76},[56,76748,5620],{"class":80},[56,76750,427],{"class":76},[56,76752,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,76754,402],{"class":76},[56,76756,2291],{"class":80},[56,76758,306],{"class":76},[56,76760,8328],{"class":80},[56,76762,306],{"class":76},[56,76764,5620],{"class":80},[56,76766,427],{"class":76},[56,76768,76769,76771,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,76770,402],{"class":76},[56,76772,76773],{"class":80},"60",[56,76775,306],{"class":76},[56,76777,5620],{"class":80},[56,76779,306],{"class":76},[56,76781,51344],{"class":80},[56,76783,306],{"class":76},[56,76785,8328],{"class":80},[56,76787,306],{"class":76},[56,76789,8323],{"class":80},[56,76791,306],{"class":76},[56,76793,534],{"class":80},[56,76795,427],{"class":76},[20,76797,76798,76799,156],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[264,76800,15423],{"href":57719},[42,76802,76804],{"id":76803},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76806,76807],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76809,1584],{},[173,76811,76812,76818],{},[176,76813,76814,76817],{},[15,76815,76816],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[176,76819,76820,76823],{},[15,76821,76822],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76825,76826],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[47,76828,76830],{"className":49,"code":76829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76831,76832,76880,76884,76903,76922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76833,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76835,36614],{"class":65},[56,76837,1217],{"class":827},[56,76839,1220],{"class":76},[56,76841,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76843,264],{"class":1020},[56,76845,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76847,306],{"class":76},[56,76849,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76851,1234],{"class":1020},[56,76853,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76855,306],{"class":76},[56,76857,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76859,1243],{"class":1020},[56,76861,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76863,306],{"class":76},[56,76865,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76867,19303],{"class":1020},[56,76869,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76871,306],{"class":76},[56,76873,1231],{"class":1016},[56,76875,60946],{"class":1020},[56,76877,1017],{"class":1016},[56,76879,427],{"class":76},[56,76881,76882],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,76883,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,76885,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76887,373],{"class":72},[56,76889,77],{"class":76},[56,76891,36666],{"class":95},[56,76893,402],{"class":76},[56,76895,2568],{"class":827},[56,76897,529],{"class":80},[56,76899,20981],{"class":76},[56,76901,76902],{"class":112},"    # last item\n",[56,76904,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,76906,373],{"class":72},[56,76908,77],{"class":76},[56,76910,36666],{"class":95},[56,76912,402],{"class":76},[56,76914,2568],{"class":827},[56,76916,223],{"class":80},[56,76918,76407],{"class":76},[56,76920,76921],{"class":112},"   # last 3 items\n",[56,76923,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,76925,373],{"class":72},[56,76927,77],{"class":76},[56,76929,36666],{"class":95},[56,76931,76029],{"class":76},[56,76933,2568],{"class":827},[56,76935,529],{"class":80},[56,76937,20981],{"class":76},[56,76939,76940],{"class":112},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76942,239],{},[47,76944,76946],{"className":49,"code":76945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76947,76948,76953,76981],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76949,76950],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76951,76952],{"class":65},"e\n",[56,76954,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975,76977,76979],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,76956,402],{"class":76},[56,76958,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76960,1243],{"class":1020},[56,76962,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76964,306],{"class":76},[56,76966,3839],{"class":1016},[56,76968,19303],{"class":1020},[56,76970,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76972,306],{"class":76},[56,76974,3839],{"class":1016},[56,76976,60946],{"class":1020},[56,76978,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76980,427],{"class":76},[56,76982,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76984,402],{"class":76},[56,76986,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76988,264],{"class":1020},[56,76990,3844],{"class":1016},[56,76992,306],{"class":76},[56,76994,3839],{"class":1016},[56,76996,1234],{"class":1020},[56,76998,3844],{"class":1016},[56,77000,306],{"class":76},[56,77002,3839],{"class":1016},[56,77004,1243],{"class":1020},[56,77006,3844],{"class":1016},[56,77008,306],{"class":76},[56,77010,3839],{"class":1016},[56,77012,19303],{"class":1020},[56,77014,3844],{"class":1016},[56,77016,427],{"class":76},[20,77018,171],{},[173,77020,77021,77024,77028,77034,77040],{},[176,77022,77023],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[176,77025,77026,76817],{},[15,77027,76816],{},[176,77029,77030,77033],{},[15,77031,77032],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[176,77035,77036,77039],{},[15,77037,77038],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[176,77041,77042,77043,4935,77045],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,77044,303],{},[15,77046,292],{},[42,77048,77050],{"id":77049},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,77052,2526,77053,77055],{},[15,77054,350],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[173,77057,77058,77061,77064,77069,77079],{},[176,77059,77060],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[176,77062,77063],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[176,77065,77066,77068],{},[15,77067,76555],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[176,77070,2211,77071,77073,77074,77076,77077],{},[15,77072,350],{}," is negative, ",[15,77075,303],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77078,292],{},[176,77080,77081,919,77083],{},[15,77082,350],{},[15,77084,152],{},[20,77086,77087],{},"Example with different step values:",[47,77089,77091],{"className":49,"code":77090,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77092,77093,77125,77129,77146,77168,77187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77094,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77096,1594],{"class":65},[56,77098,1217],{"class":827},[56,77100,1220],{"class":76},[56,77102,2291],{"class":80},[56,77104,306],{"class":76},[56,77106,8323],{"class":80},[56,77108,306],{"class":76},[56,77110,8328],{"class":80},[56,77112,306],{"class":76},[56,77114,51344],{"class":80},[56,77116,306],{"class":76},[56,77118,5620],{"class":80},[56,77120,306],{"class":76},[56,77122,76594],{"class":80},[56,77124,427],{"class":76},[56,77126,77127],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77128,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,77130,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77132,373],{"class":72},[56,77134,77],{"class":76},[56,77136,1618],{"class":95},[56,77138,74618],{"class":76},[56,77140,463],{"class":80},[56,77142,20981],{"class":76},[56,77144,77145],{"class":112},"     # every second item\n",[56,77147,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77161,77163,77165],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,77149,373],{"class":72},[56,77151,77],{"class":76},[56,77153,1618],{"class":95},[56,77155,402],{"class":76},[56,77157,529],{"class":80},[56,77159,77160],{"class":76},"::",[56,77162,463],{"class":80},[56,77164,20981],{"class":76},[56,77166,77167],{"class":112},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[56,77169,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,77171,373],{"class":72},[56,77173,77],{"class":76},[56,77175,1618],{"class":95},[56,77177,74618],{"class":76},[56,77179,2568],{"class":827},[56,77181,529],{"class":80},[56,77183,20981],{"class":76},[56,77185,77186],{"class":112},"    # reverse the list\n",[56,77188,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,77190,373],{"class":72},[56,77192,77],{"class":76},[56,77194,1618],{"class":95},[56,77196,402],{"class":76},[56,77198,1603],{"class":80},[56,77200,1045],{"class":76},[56,77202,529],{"class":80},[56,77204,1045],{"class":76},[56,77206,2568],{"class":827},[56,77208,529],{"class":80},[56,77210,20981],{"class":76},[56,77212,77213],{"class":112},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77215,239],{},[47,77217,77219],{"className":49,"code":77218,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77220,77221,77237,77253,77281],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77222,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77224,402],{"class":76},[56,77226,2291],{"class":80},[56,77228,306],{"class":76},[56,77230,8328],{"class":80},[56,77232,306],{"class":76},[56,77234,5620],{"class":80},[56,77236,427],{"class":76},[56,77238,77239,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77240,402],{"class":76},[56,77242,16289],{"class":80},[56,77244,306],{"class":76},[56,77246,51344],{"class":80},[56,77248,306],{"class":76},[56,77250,76594],{"class":80},[56,77252,427],{"class":76},[56,77254,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77256,402],{"class":76},[56,77258,76773],{"class":80},[56,77260,306],{"class":76},[56,77262,5620],{"class":80},[56,77264,306],{"class":76},[56,77266,51344],{"class":80},[56,77268,306],{"class":76},[56,77270,8328],{"class":80},[56,77272,306],{"class":76},[56,77274,8323],{"class":80},[56,77276,306],{"class":76},[56,77278,534],{"class":80},[56,77280,427],{"class":76},[56,77282,77283,77285,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,77284,402],{"class":76},[56,77286,77287],{"class":80},"50",[56,77289,306],{"class":76},[56,77291,51344],{"class":80},[56,77293,306],{"class":76},[56,77295,8328],{"class":80},[56,77297,427],{"class":76},[20,77299,77300,77301,156],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[264,77302,77303],{"href":75302},"how to reverse a list in Python",[353,77305,77306],{"id":916},"Step cannot be 0",[20,77308,924],{},[47,77310,77312],{"className":49,"code":77311,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77313,77314,77334],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77315,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77317,1594],{"class":65},[56,77319,1217],{"class":827},[56,77321,1220],{"class":76},[56,77323,529],{"class":80},[56,77325,306],{"class":76},[56,77327,414],{"class":80},[56,77329,306],{"class":76},[56,77331,419],{"class":80},[56,77333,427],{"class":76},[56,77335,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77337,373],{"class":72},[56,77339,77],{"class":76},[56,77341,1618],{"class":95},[56,77343,74618],{"class":76},[56,77345,152],{"class":80},[56,77347,1294],{"class":76},[20,77349,950,77350,77352,77353,77355],{},[15,77351,953],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77354,152],{}," does not make sense.",[42,77357,77359],{"id":77358},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77361,77362],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[353,77364,77366],{"id":77365},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[47,77368,77370],{"className":49,"code":77369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77371,77372,77396,77400],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77373,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386,77388,77390,77392,77394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77375,1594],{"class":65},[56,77377,1217],{"class":827},[56,77379,1220],{"class":76},[56,77381,2291],{"class":80},[56,77383,306],{"class":76},[56,77385,8323],{"class":80},[56,77387,306],{"class":76},[56,77389,8328],{"class":80},[56,77391,306],{"class":76},[56,77393,51344],{"class":80},[56,77395,427],{"class":76},[56,77397,77398],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77399,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,77401,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77403,373],{"class":72},[56,77405,77],{"class":76},[56,77407,1618],{"class":95},[56,77409,402],{"class":76},[56,77411,463],{"class":80},[56,77413,1294],{"class":76},[20,77415,239],{},[47,77417,77418],{"className":49,"code":70336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,77419,77420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77421,77422],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77423,70336],{"class":80},[353,77425,77427],{"id":77426},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[47,77429,77431],{"className":49,"code":77430,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77432,77433,77457,77461],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451,77453,77455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77436,1594],{"class":65},[56,77438,1217],{"class":827},[56,77440,1220],{"class":76},[56,77442,2291],{"class":80},[56,77444,306],{"class":76},[56,77446,8323],{"class":80},[56,77448,306],{"class":76},[56,77450,8328],{"class":80},[56,77452,306],{"class":76},[56,77454,51344],{"class":80},[56,77456,427],{"class":76},[56,77458,77459],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77460,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,77462,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77464,373],{"class":72},[56,77466,77],{"class":76},[56,77468,1618],{"class":95},[56,77470,402],{"class":76},[56,77472,463],{"class":80},[56,77474,1045],{"class":76},[56,77476,223],{"class":80},[56,77478,1294],{"class":76},[20,77480,239],{},[47,77482,77484],{"className":49,"code":77483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[30]\n",[15,77485,77486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77487,77488,77490,77492],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77489,402],{"class":76},[56,77491,37355],{"class":80},[56,77493,427],{"class":76},[20,77495,14297],{},[173,77497,77498,77504],{},[176,77499,77500,77503],{},[15,77501,77502],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[176,77505,77506,77509],{},[15,77507,77508],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77511,77512],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[173,77514,77515,77518],{},[176,77516,77517],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[176,77519,77520],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77522,986],{},[47,77524,77526],{"className":49,"code":77525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77527,77528,77548,77552],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77529,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542,77544,77546],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77531,1594],{"class":65},[56,77533,1217],{"class":827},[56,77535,1220],{"class":76},[56,77537,2291],{"class":80},[56,77539,306],{"class":76},[56,77541,8323],{"class":80},[56,77543,306],{"class":76},[56,77545,8328],{"class":80},[56,77547,427],{"class":76},[56,77549,77550],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77551,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,77553,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566,77568],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77555,373],{"class":72},[56,77557,77],{"class":76},[56,77559,1618],{"class":95},[56,77561,402],{"class":76},[56,77563,81],{"class":80},[56,77565,1045],{"class":76},[56,77567,2291],{"class":80},[56,77569,1294],{"class":76},[20,77571,239],{},[47,77573,77574],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,77575,77576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77577,77578],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77579,907],{"class":76},[20,77581,77582],{},"But this would raise an error:",[47,77584,77586],{"className":49,"code":77585,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77587,77588,77608,77612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77589,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77591,1594],{"class":65},[56,77593,1217],{"class":827},[56,77595,1220],{"class":76},[56,77597,2291],{"class":80},[56,77599,306],{"class":76},[56,77601,8323],{"class":80},[56,77603,306],{"class":76},[56,77605,8328],{"class":80},[56,77607,427],{"class":76},[56,77609,77610],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77611,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,77613,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77615,373],{"class":72},[56,77617,77],{"class":76},[56,77619,1618],{"class":95},[56,77621,402],{"class":76},[56,77623,81],{"class":80},[56,77625,1294],{"class":76},[20,77627,77628,77629,156],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[264,77630,69757],{"href":69756},[42,77632,15711],{"id":77633},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77635,77636],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[173,77638,77639,77643,77645,77648,77654],{},[176,77640,2103,77641,76235],{},[15,77642,292],{},[176,77644,61191],{},[176,77646,77647],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[176,77649,37718,77650,9236,77652],{},[15,77651,76555],{},[15,77653,74022],{},[176,77655,77656,77657,77659],{},"Using step ",[15,77658,152],{},", which causes an error",[353,77661,77663],{"id":77662},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[47,77665,77667],{"className":49,"code":77666,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77668,77669,77697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77670,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691,77693,77695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77672,1594],{"class":65},[56,77674,1217],{"class":827},[56,77676,1220],{"class":76},[56,77678,2291],{"class":80},[56,77680,306],{"class":76},[56,77682,8323],{"class":80},[56,77684,306],{"class":76},[56,77686,8328],{"class":80},[56,77688,306],{"class":76},[56,77690,51344],{"class":80},[56,77692,306],{"class":76},[56,77694,5620],{"class":80},[56,77696,427],{"class":76},[56,77698,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709,77711,77713],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77700,373],{"class":72},[56,77702,77],{"class":76},[56,77704,1618],{"class":95},[56,77706,402],{"class":76},[56,77708,529],{"class":80},[56,77710,1045],{"class":76},[56,77712,1603],{"class":80},[56,77714,1294],{"class":76},[20,77716,77717],{},"This returns:",[47,77719,77721],{"className":49,"code":77720,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77722,77723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77724,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77726,402],{"class":76},[56,77728,16289],{"class":80},[56,77730,306],{"class":76},[56,77732,8328],{"class":80},[56,77734,306],{"class":76},[56,77736,51344],{"class":80},[56,77738,427],{"class":76},[20,77740,41416,77741,77743,77744,77746,77747,156],{},[37,77742,5170],{}," include ",[15,77745,77287],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77748,1603],{},[353,77750,77752],{"id":77751},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77754,17179],{},[47,77756,77758],{"className":49,"code":77757,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77759,77760,77780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77761,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77763,1594],{"class":65},[56,77765,1217],{"class":827},[56,77767,1220],{"class":76},[56,77769,2291],{"class":80},[56,77771,306],{"class":76},[56,77773,8323],{"class":80},[56,77775,306],{"class":76},[56,77777,8328],{"class":80},[56,77779,427],{"class":76},[56,77781,77782],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77783,77784],{"class":112},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77786,77787],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[47,77789,77791],{"className":49,"code":77790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77792,77793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77794,77795,77797,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77796,373],{"class":72},[56,77798,77],{"class":76},[56,77800,1618],{"class":95},[56,77802,402],{"class":76},[56,77804,529],{"class":80},[56,77806,1045],{"class":76},[56,77808,223],{"class":80},[56,77810,1294],{"class":76},[353,77812,77814],{"id":77813},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77816,77817],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[47,77819,77821],{"className":49,"code":77820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77822,77823,77847,77861,77865,77875],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77824,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77826,1594],{"class":65},[56,77828,1217],{"class":827},[56,77830,1220],{"class":76},[56,77832,2291],{"class":80},[56,77834,306],{"class":76},[56,77836,8323],{"class":80},[56,77838,306],{"class":76},[56,77840,8328],{"class":80},[56,77842,306],{"class":76},[56,77844,51344],{"class":80},[56,77846,427],{"class":76},[56,77848,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857,77859],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77850,76153],{"class":65},[56,77852,1217],{"class":827},[56,77854,4804],{"class":65},[56,77856,76029],{"class":76},[56,77858,463],{"class":80},[56,77860,427],{"class":76},[56,77862,77863],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77864,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,77866,77867,77869,77871,77873],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,77868,373],{"class":72},[56,77870,77],{"class":76},[56,77872,76176],{"class":95},[56,77874,99],{"class":76},[56,77876,77877,77879,77881,77883],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,77878,373],{"class":72},[56,77880,77],{"class":76},[56,77882,1618],{"class":95},[56,77884,99],{"class":76},[20,77886,239],{},[47,77888,77890],{"className":49,"code":77889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77891,77892,77904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77893,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77895,402],{"class":76},[56,77897,2291],{"class":80},[56,77899,306],{"class":76},[56,77901,8323],{"class":80},[56,77903,427],{"class":76},[56,77905,77906,77908,77910,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77907,402],{"class":76},[56,77909,2291],{"class":80},[56,77911,306],{"class":76},[56,77913,8323],{"class":80},[56,77915,306],{"class":76},[56,77917,8328],{"class":80},[56,77919,306],{"class":76},[56,77921,51344],{"class":80},[56,77923,427],{"class":76},[20,77925,77926],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[353,77928,77930,77931,9236,77933],{"id":77929},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77932,76555],{},[15,77934,74022],{},[47,77936,77938],{"className":49,"code":77937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77939,77940,77960,77964,77981,77992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77941,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77943,1594],{"class":65},[56,77945,1217],{"class":827},[56,77947,1220],{"class":76},[56,77949,2291],{"class":80},[56,77951,306],{"class":76},[56,77953,8323],{"class":80},[56,77955,306],{"class":76},[56,77957,8328],{"class":80},[56,77959,427],{"class":76},[56,77961,77962],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,77963,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,77965,77966,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77967,77968],{"class":65},"reversed_copy ",[56,77970,1217],{"class":827},[56,77972,4804],{"class":65},[56,77974,74618],{"class":76},[56,77976,2568],{"class":827},[56,77978,529],{"class":80},[56,77980,427],{"class":76},[56,77982,77983,77985,77987,77990],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,77984,373],{"class":72},[56,77986,77],{"class":76},[56,77988,77989],{"class":95},"reversed_copy",[56,77991,99],{"class":76},[56,77993,77994,77996,77998,78000],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,77995,373],{"class":72},[56,77997,77],{"class":76},[56,77999,1618],{"class":95},[56,78001,99],{"class":76},[20,78003,239],{},[47,78005,78007],{"className":49,"code":78006,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,78008,78009,78025],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78010,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78012,402],{"class":76},[56,78014,37355],{"class":80},[56,78016,306],{"class":76},[56,78018,8323],{"class":80},[56,78020,306],{"class":76},[56,78022,534],{"class":80},[56,78024,427],{"class":76},[56,78026,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78028,402],{"class":76},[56,78030,2291],{"class":80},[56,78032,306],{"class":76},[56,78034,8323],{"class":80},[56,78036,306],{"class":76},[56,78038,8328],{"class":80},[56,78040,427],{"class":76},[20,78042,78043,78046],{},[15,78044,78045],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,78048,78049,78050,78053],{},"By contrast, ",[15,78051,78052],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[353,78055,78057],{"id":78056},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,78059,2073],{},[47,78061,78063],{"className":49,"code":78062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,78064,78065,78085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78066,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78068,1594],{"class":65},[56,78070,1217],{"class":827},[56,78072,1220],{"class":76},[56,78074,2291],{"class":80},[56,78076,306],{"class":76},[56,78078,8323],{"class":80},[56,78080,306],{"class":76},[56,78082,8328],{"class":80},[56,78084,427],{"class":76},[56,78086,78087],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78088,78089],{"class":112},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78091,78092,78093,156],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78094,953],{},[42,78096,78098],{"id":78097},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78100,78101],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[173,78103,78104,78111,78117,78120,78123],{},[176,78105,37718,78106,4935,78108,78110],{},[15,78107,303],{},[15,78109,292],{}," positions",[176,78112,78113,78114,78116],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78115,292],{}," index is included",[176,78118,78119],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[176,78121,78122],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[176,78124,78125],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78127,78128],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[47,78130,78132],{"className":49,"code":78131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78133,78134,78144,78158,78176,78190,78207],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78135,78136,78138,78140,78142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78137,373],{"class":72},[56,78139,77],{"class":76},[56,78141,8870],{"class":95},[56,78143,99],{"class":76},[56,78145,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78147,373],{"class":72},[56,78149,77],{"class":76},[56,78151,1266],{"class":72},[56,78153,77],{"class":76},[56,78155,8870],{"class":95},[56,78157,1635],{"class":76},[56,78159,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78161,373],{"class":72},[56,78163,77],{"class":76},[56,78165,8870],{"class":95},[56,78167,402],{"class":76},[56,78169,529],{"class":80},[56,78171,1045],{"class":76},[56,78173,1603],{"class":80},[56,78175,1294],{"class":76},[56,78177,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,78179,373],{"class":72},[56,78181,77],{"class":76},[56,78183,8870],{"class":95},[56,78185,76029],{"class":76},[56,78187,223],{"class":80},[56,78189,1294],{"class":76},[56,78191,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,78193,373],{"class":72},[56,78195,77],{"class":76},[56,78197,8870],{"class":95},[56,78199,402],{"class":76},[56,78201,2568],{"class":827},[56,78203,223],{"class":80},[56,78205,78206],{"class":76},":])\n",[56,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,78210,373],{"class":72},[56,78212,77],{"class":76},[56,78214,8870],{"class":95},[56,78216,74618],{"class":76},[56,78218,2568],{"class":827},[56,78220,529],{"class":80},[56,78222,1294],{"class":76},[20,78224,958,78225,78227,78228,78232],{},[15,78226,1331],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[264,78229,78231],{"href":78230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[42,78234,2343],{"id":2342},[353,78236,78238],{"id":78237},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78240,78241],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[353,78243,78245],{"id":78244},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78247,78248],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[353,78250,5682,78252,40471],{"id":78251},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78253,76555],{},[20,78255,78256],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[353,78258,78260,78261,2363],{"id":78259},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78262,71227],{},[20,78264,78265],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[42,78267,2417],{"id":2416},[173,78269,78270,78275,78280,78284,78288,78292],{},[176,78271,78272],{},[264,78273,78274],{"href":51480},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[176,78276,78277],{},[264,78278,78279],{"href":57653},"How to create a list in Python",[176,78281,78282],{},[264,78283,15499],{"href":57719},[176,78285,78286],{},[264,78287,75303],{"href":75302},[176,78289,78290],{},[264,78291,78231],{"href":78230},[176,78293,78294],{},[264,78295,69757],{"href":69756},[20,78297,78298,78299,78301],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78300,1331],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2451,78303,78304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":78306},[78307,78308,78309,78310,78311,78312,78315,78319,78327,78328,78336],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":76084,"depth":87,"text":76085},{"id":76247,"depth":87,"text":76248},{"id":76509,"depth":87,"text":76510},{"id":76803,"depth":87,"text":76804},{"id":77049,"depth":87,"text":77050,"children":78313},[78314],{"id":916,"depth":102,"text":77306},{"id":77358,"depth":87,"text":77359,"children":78316},[78317,78318],{"id":77365,"depth":102,"text":77366},{"id":77426,"depth":102,"text":77427},{"id":77633,"depth":87,"text":15711,"children":78320},[78321,78322,78323,78324,78326],{"id":77662,"depth":102,"text":77663},{"id":77751,"depth":102,"text":77752},{"id":77813,"depth":102,"text":77814},{"id":77929,"depth":102,"text":78325},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78056,"depth":102,"text":78057},{"id":78097,"depth":87,"text":78098},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":78329},[78330,78331,78332,78334],{"id":78237,"depth":102,"text":78238},{"id":78244,"depth":102,"text":78245},{"id":78251,"depth":102,"text":78333},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78259,"depth":102,"text":78335},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75909,"description":78337},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78344,"title":78345,"body":78346,"description":80414,"extension":2509,"meta":80415,"navigation":105,"path":80416,"seo":80417,"stem":80418,"__hash__":80419},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78347,"toc":80380},[78348,78353,78359,78365,78367,78414,78421,78426,78430,78445,78448,78501,78503,78528,78533,78535,78567,78570,78586,78588,78649,78651,78676,78680,78685,78738,78740,78765,78770,78831,78833,78858,78861,78868,78872,78875,78936,78938,78971,78974,79035,79037,79070,79076,79149,79151,79183,79190,79195,79200,79202,79214,79217,79295,79297,79338,79341,79415,79417,79450,79455,79462,79469,79473,79482,79486,79494,79496,79563,79565,79601,79606,79616,79618,79623,79628,79630,79693,79695,79720,79727,79732,79736,79739,79779,79784,79790,79795,79797,79824,79829,79832,79879,79881,79938,79945,79950,79956,80025,80029,80032,80095,80097,80130,80135,80137,80140,80221,80223,80247,80253,80255,80260,80264,80271,80279,80283,80285,80308,80312,80314,80341,80344,80351,80354,80356,80377],[10,78349,54841,78351,11854],{"id":78350},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78352,64810],{},[20,78354,78355,78358],{},[15,78356,78357],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78360,78361,78362,78364],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78363,64810],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[42,78366,45],{"id":44},[47,78368,78370],{"className":49,"code":78369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78371,78372,78392,78402],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78373,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78375,1594],{"class":65},[56,78377,1217],{"class":827},[56,78379,1220],{"class":76},[56,78381,223],{"class":80},[56,78383,306],{"class":76},[56,78385,409],{"class":80},[56,78387,306],{"class":76},[56,78389,414],{"class":80},[56,78391,427],{"class":76},[56,78393,78394,78396,78398,78400],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78395,1618],{"class":65},[56,78397,156],{"class":76},[56,78399,35329],{"class":95},[56,78401,9174],{"class":76},[56,78403,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78405,373],{"class":72},[56,78407,77],{"class":76},[56,78409,1618],{"class":95},[56,78411,4202],{"class":76},[56,78413,55431],{"class":112},[20,78415,2638,78416,78418,78419,156],{},[15,78417,78357],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78420,4319],{},[42,78422,160,78424,163],{"id":78423},"what-listsort-does",[15,78425,78357],{},[20,78427,78428,1045],{},[15,78429,78357],{},[173,78431,78432,78435,78438,78442],{},[176,78433,78434],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[176,78436,78437],{},"Changes the original list",[176,78439,11956,78440],{},[15,78441,4319],{},[176,78443,78444],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78446,78447],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[47,78449,78451],{"className":49,"code":78450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78452,78453,78477,78487,78491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78454,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78456,1594],{"class":65},[56,78458,1217],{"class":827},[56,78460,1220],{"class":76},[56,78462,81],{"class":80},[56,78464,306],{"class":76},[56,78466,414],{"class":80},[56,78468,306],{"class":76},[56,78470,571],{"class":80},[56,78472,306],{"class":76},[56,78474,409],{"class":80},[56,78476,427],{"class":76},[56,78478,78479,78481,78483,78485],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78480,1618],{"class":65},[56,78482,156],{"class":76},[56,78484,35329],{"class":95},[56,78486,9174],{"class":76},[56,78488,78489],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78490,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,78492,78493,78495,78497,78499],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,78494,373],{"class":72},[56,78496,77],{"class":76},[56,78498,1618],{"class":95},[56,78500,99],{"class":76},[20,78502,239],{},[47,78504,78506],{"className":49,"code":78505,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78507,78508],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78509,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78511,402],{"class":76},[56,78513,529],{"class":80},[56,78515,306],{"class":76},[56,78517,414],{"class":80},[56,78519,306],{"class":76},[56,78521,496],{"class":80},[56,78523,306],{"class":76},[56,78525,571],{"class":80},[56,78527,427],{"class":76},[20,78529,78530,78531,156],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[264,78532,67575],{"href":51480},[42,78534,2702],{"id":2701},[47,78536,78538],{"className":49,"code":78537,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78539,78540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78541,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78561,78563,78565],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78543,8870],{"class":65},[56,78545,156],{"class":76},[56,78547,35329],{"class":95},[56,78549,77],{"class":76},[56,78551,15376],{"class":9707},[56,78553,1217],{"class":827},[56,78555,4319],{"class":4393},[56,78557,306],{"class":76},[56,78559,78560],{"class":9707}," reverse",[56,78562,1217],{"class":827},[56,78564,4215],{"class":4393},[56,78566,99],{"class":76},[20,78568,78569],{},"Main arguments:",[173,78571,78572,78577,78583],{},[176,78573,78574,78576],{},[15,78575,15376],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[176,78578,78579,78582],{},[15,78580,78581],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[176,78584,78585],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78587,986],{},[47,78589,78591],{"className":49,"code":78590,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78592,78593,78617,78635,78639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78594,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78596,1594],{"class":65},[56,78598,1217],{"class":827},[56,78600,1220],{"class":76},[56,78602,1603],{"class":80},[56,78604,306],{"class":76},[56,78606,409],{"class":80},[56,78608,306],{"class":76},[56,78610,566],{"class":80},[56,78612,306],{"class":76},[56,78614,414],{"class":80},[56,78616,427],{"class":76},[56,78618,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78620,1618],{"class":65},[56,78622,156],{"class":76},[56,78624,35329],{"class":95},[56,78626,77],{"class":76},[56,78628,74073],{"class":9707},[56,78630,1217],{"class":827},[56,78632,4146],{"class":4393},[56,78634,99],{"class":76},[56,78636,78637],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78638,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,78640,78641,78643,78645,78647],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,78642,373],{"class":72},[56,78644,77],{"class":76},[56,78646,1618],{"class":95},[56,78648,99],{"class":76},[20,78650,239],{},[47,78652,78654],{"className":49,"code":78653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78655,78656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78657,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78659,402],{"class":76},[56,78661,2571],{"class":80},[56,78663,306],{"class":76},[56,78665,424],{"class":80},[56,78667,306],{"class":76},[56,78669,414],{"class":80},[56,78671,306],{"class":76},[56,78673,409],{"class":80},[56,78675,427],{"class":76},[42,78677,78679],{"id":78678},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78681,2638,78682,78684],{},[15,78683,64810],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[47,78686,78688],{"className":49,"code":78687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78689,78690,78714,78724,78728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78691,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78693,1594],{"class":65},[56,78695,1217],{"class":827},[56,78697,1220],{"class":76},[56,78699,2291],{"class":80},[56,78701,306],{"class":76},[56,78703,419],{"class":80},[56,78705,306],{"class":76},[56,78707,2272],{"class":80},[56,78709,306],{"class":76},[56,78711,409],{"class":80},[56,78713,427],{"class":76},[56,78715,78716,78718,78720,78722],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78717,1618],{"class":65},[56,78719,156],{"class":76},[56,78721,35329],{"class":95},[56,78723,9174],{"class":76},[56,78725,78726],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78727,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,78729,78730,78732,78734,78736],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,78731,373],{"class":72},[56,78733,77],{"class":76},[56,78735,1618],{"class":95},[56,78737,99],{"class":76},[20,78739,239],{},[47,78741,78743],{"className":49,"code":78742,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78744,78745],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78746,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78748,402],{"class":76},[56,78750,529],{"class":80},[56,78752,306],{"class":76},[56,78754,419],{"class":80},[56,78756,306],{"class":76},[56,78758,2272],{"class":80},[56,78760,306],{"class":76},[56,78762,534],{"class":80},[56,78764,427],{"class":76},[20,78766,2638,78767,78769],{},[15,78768,78581],{}," for descending order:",[47,78771,78773],{"className":49,"code":78772,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78774,78775,78799,78817,78821],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78776,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78778,1594],{"class":65},[56,78780,1217],{"class":827},[56,78782,1220],{"class":76},[56,78784,2291],{"class":80},[56,78786,306],{"class":76},[56,78788,419],{"class":80},[56,78790,306],{"class":76},[56,78792,2272],{"class":80},[56,78794,306],{"class":76},[56,78796,409],{"class":80},[56,78798,427],{"class":76},[56,78800,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78802,1618],{"class":65},[56,78804,156],{"class":76},[56,78806,35329],{"class":95},[56,78808,77],{"class":76},[56,78810,74073],{"class":9707},[56,78812,1217],{"class":827},[56,78814,4146],{"class":4393},[56,78816,99],{"class":76},[56,78818,78819],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78820,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,78822,78823,78825,78827,78829],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,78824,373],{"class":72},[56,78826,77],{"class":76},[56,78828,1618],{"class":95},[56,78830,99],{"class":76},[20,78832,239],{},[47,78834,78836],{"className":49,"code":78835,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78837,78838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78839,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78841,402],{"class":76},[56,78843,2291],{"class":80},[56,78845,306],{"class":76},[56,78847,2272],{"class":80},[56,78849,306],{"class":76},[56,78851,419],{"class":80},[56,78853,306],{"class":76},[56,78855,409],{"class":80},[56,78857,427],{"class":76},[20,78859,78860],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78862,78863,78864,156],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[264,78865,78867],{"href":78866},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[42,78869,78871],{"id":78870},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78873,78874],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[47,78876,78878],{"className":49,"code":78877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78879,78880,78912,78922,78926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78881,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78883,4610],{"class":65},[56,78885,1217],{"class":827},[56,78887,1220],{"class":76},[56,78889,1017],{"class":1016},[56,78891,4628],{"class":1020},[56,78893,1017],{"class":1016},[56,78895,306],{"class":76},[56,78897,1231],{"class":1016},[56,78899,4619],{"class":1020},[56,78901,1017],{"class":1016},[56,78903,306],{"class":76},[56,78905,1231],{"class":1016},[56,78907,4637],{"class":1020},[56,78909,1017],{"class":1016},[56,78911,427],{"class":76},[56,78913,78914,78916,78918,78920],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,78915,4654],{"class":65},[56,78917,156],{"class":76},[56,78919,35329],{"class":95},[56,78921,9174],{"class":76},[56,78923,78924],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78925,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,78927,78928,78930,78932,78934],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,78929,373],{"class":72},[56,78931,77],{"class":76},[56,78933,4654],{"class":95},[56,78935,99],{"class":76},[20,78937,239],{},[47,78939,78941],{"className":49,"code":78940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78942,78943],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78944,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78946,402],{"class":76},[56,78948,3844],{"class":1016},[56,78950,4619],{"class":1020},[56,78952,3844],{"class":1016},[56,78954,306],{"class":76},[56,78956,3839],{"class":1016},[56,78958,4628],{"class":1020},[56,78960,3844],{"class":1016},[56,78962,306],{"class":76},[56,78964,3839],{"class":1016},[56,78966,4637],{"class":1020},[56,78968,3844],{"class":1016},[56,78970,427],{"class":76},[20,78972,78973],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[47,78975,78977],{"className":49,"code":78976,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78978,78979,79011,79021,79025],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78980,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78982,4610],{"class":65},[56,78984,1217],{"class":827},[56,78986,1220],{"class":76},[56,78988,1017],{"class":1016},[56,78990,4628],{"class":1020},[56,78992,1017],{"class":1016},[56,78994,306],{"class":76},[56,78996,1231],{"class":1016},[56,78998,58268],{"class":1020},[56,79000,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79002,306],{"class":76},[56,79004,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79006,4637],{"class":1020},[56,79008,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79010,427],{"class":76},[56,79012,79013,79015,79017,79019],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79014,4654],{"class":65},[56,79016,156],{"class":76},[56,79018,35329],{"class":95},[56,79020,9174],{"class":76},[56,79022,79023],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79024,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79026,79027,79029,79031,79033],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,79028,373],{"class":72},[56,79030,77],{"class":76},[56,79032,4654],{"class":95},[56,79034,99],{"class":76},[20,79036,239],{},[47,79038,79040],{"className":49,"code":79039,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79041,79042],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79043,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79045,402],{"class":76},[56,79047,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79049,58268],{"class":1020},[56,79051,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79053,306],{"class":76},[56,79055,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79057,4628],{"class":1020},[56,79059,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79061,306],{"class":76},[56,79063,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79065,4637],{"class":1020},[56,79067,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79069,427],{"class":76},[20,79071,79072,79073,1045],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79074,79075],{},"key=str.lower",[47,79077,79079],{"className":49,"code":79078,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79080,79081,79113,79135,79139],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79084,4610],{"class":65},[56,79086,1217],{"class":827},[56,79088,1220],{"class":76},[56,79090,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79092,4628],{"class":1020},[56,79094,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79096,306],{"class":76},[56,79098,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79100,58268],{"class":1020},[56,79102,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79104,306],{"class":76},[56,79106,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79108,4637],{"class":1020},[56,79110,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79112,427],{"class":76},[56,79114,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131,79133],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79116,4654],{"class":65},[56,79118,156],{"class":76},[56,79120,35329],{"class":95},[56,79122,77],{"class":76},[56,79124,15376],{"class":9707},[56,79126,1217],{"class":827},[56,79128,3988],{"class":378},[56,79130,156],{"class":76},[56,79132,9171],{"class":25284},[56,79134,99],{"class":76},[56,79136,79137],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79138,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79140,79141,79143,79145,79147],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,79142,373],{"class":72},[56,79144,77],{"class":76},[56,79146,4654],{"class":95},[56,79148,99],{"class":76},[20,79150,239],{},[47,79152,79153],{"className":49,"code":79039,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,79154,79155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79156,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79158,402],{"class":76},[56,79160,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79162,58268],{"class":1020},[56,79164,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79166,306],{"class":76},[56,79168,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79170,4628],{"class":1020},[56,79172,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79174,306],{"class":76},[56,79176,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79178,4637],{"class":1020},[56,79180,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79182,427],{"class":76},[20,79184,79185,79186,79189],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79187,79188],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[42,79191,37126,79193,37129],{"id":79192},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79194,15376],{},[20,79196,2526,79197,79199],{},[15,79198,15376],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79201,7875],{},[173,79203,79204,79209],{},[176,79205,79206,79208],{},[15,79207,1266],{}," to sort by length",[176,79210,79211,79213],{},[15,79212,79188],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79215,79216],{},"Sort words by length:",[47,79218,79220],{"className":49,"code":79219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79221,79222,79263,79281,79285],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79223,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79225,4610],{"class":65},[56,79227,1217],{"class":827},[56,79229,1220],{"class":76},[56,79231,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79233,79234],{"class":1020},"pear",[56,79236,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79238,306],{"class":76},[56,79240,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79242,4628],{"class":1020},[56,79244,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79246,306],{"class":76},[56,79248,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79250,38869],{"class":1020},[56,79252,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79254,306],{"class":76},[56,79256,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79258,4619],{"class":1020},[56,79260,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79262,427],{"class":76},[56,79264,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79266,4654],{"class":65},[56,79268,156],{"class":76},[56,79270,35329],{"class":95},[56,79272,77],{"class":76},[56,79274,15376],{"class":9707},[56,79276,1217],{"class":827},[56,79278,1266],{"class":72},[56,79280,99],{"class":76},[56,79282,79283],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79284,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79286,79287,79289,79291,79293],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,79288,373],{"class":72},[56,79290,77],{"class":76},[56,79292,4654],{"class":95},[56,79294,99],{"class":76},[20,79296,239],{},[47,79298,79300],{"className":49,"code":79299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79301,79302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79303,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79305,402],{"class":76},[56,79307,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79309,38869],{"class":1020},[56,79311,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79313,306],{"class":76},[56,79315,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79317,79234],{"class":1020},[56,79319,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79321,306],{"class":76},[56,79323,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79325,4619],{"class":1020},[56,79327,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79329,306],{"class":76},[56,79331,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79333,4628],{"class":1020},[56,79335,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79337,427],{"class":76},[20,79339,79340],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[47,79342,79344],{"className":49,"code":79343,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79345,79346,79379,79401,79405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79347,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79375,79377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79349,4610],{"class":65},[56,79351,1217],{"class":827},[56,79353,1220],{"class":76},[56,79355,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79357,5552],{"class":1020},[56,79359,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79361,306],{"class":76},[56,79363,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79365,18338],{"class":1020},[56,79367,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79369,306],{"class":76},[56,79371,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79373,79374],{"class":1020},"Carol",[56,79376,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79378,427],{"class":76},[56,79380,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79382,4654],{"class":65},[56,79384,156],{"class":76},[56,79386,35329],{"class":95},[56,79388,77],{"class":76},[56,79390,15376],{"class":9707},[56,79392,1217],{"class":827},[56,79394,3988],{"class":378},[56,79396,156],{"class":76},[56,79398,9171],{"class":25284},[56,79400,99],{"class":76},[56,79402,79403],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79404,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79406,79407,79409,79411,79413],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,79408,373],{"class":72},[56,79410,77],{"class":76},[56,79412,4654],{"class":95},[56,79414,99],{"class":76},[20,79416,239],{},[47,79418,79420],{"className":49,"code":79419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79421,79422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79425,402],{"class":76},[56,79427,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79429,18338],{"class":1020},[56,79431,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79433,306],{"class":76},[56,79435,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79437,5552],{"class":1020},[56,79439,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79441,306],{"class":76},[56,79443,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79445,79374],{"class":1020},[56,79447,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79449,427],{"class":76},[20,79451,2526,79452,79454],{},[15,79453,15376],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[42,79456,79458,1682,79460],{"id":79457},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79459,78357],{},[15,79461,74920],{},[20,79463,79464,4935,79466,79468],{},[15,79465,78357],{},[15,79467,74920],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79470,79471,1045],{},[15,79472,78357],{},[173,79474,79475,79478],{},[176,79476,79477],{},"Changes the existing list",[176,79479,11956,79480],{},[15,79481,4319],{},[20,79483,79484,1045],{},[15,79485,74920],{},[173,79487,79488,79491],{},[176,79489,79490],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[176,79492,79493],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79495,986],{},[47,79497,79499],{"className":49,"code":79498,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79500,79501,79521,79525,79539,79543,79553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79502,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515,79517,79519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79504,1594],{"class":65},[56,79506,1217],{"class":827},[56,79508,1220],{"class":76},[56,79510,223],{"class":80},[56,79512,306],{"class":76},[56,79514,409],{"class":80},[56,79516,306],{"class":76},[56,79518,414],{"class":80},[56,79520,427],{"class":76},[56,79522,79523],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79524,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79526,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79528,56389],{"class":65},[56,79530,1217],{"class":827},[56,79532,75054],{"class":72},[56,79534,77],{"class":76},[56,79536,1618],{"class":95},[56,79538,99],{"class":76},[56,79540,79541],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,79542,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79544,79545,79547,79549,79551],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,79546,373],{"class":72},[56,79548,77],{"class":76},[56,79550,1618],{"class":95},[56,79552,99],{"class":76},[56,79554,79555,79557,79559,79561],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,79556,373],{"class":72},[56,79558,77],{"class":76},[56,79560,74777],{"class":95},[56,79562,99],{"class":76},[20,79564,239],{},[47,79566,79567],{"className":49,"code":75089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,79568,79569,79585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79570,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79572,402],{"class":76},[56,79574,223],{"class":80},[56,79576,306],{"class":76},[56,79578,409],{"class":80},[56,79580,306],{"class":76},[56,79582,414],{"class":80},[56,79584,427],{"class":76},[56,79586,79587,79589,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79588,402],{"class":76},[56,79590,529],{"class":80},[56,79592,306],{"class":76},[56,79594,414],{"class":80},[56,79596,306],{"class":76},[56,79598,419],{"class":80},[56,79600,427],{"class":76},[20,79602,2638,79603,79605],{},[15,79604,74920],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79607,1493,79608,4935,79612,156],{},[264,79609,13,79610,6322],{"href":75017},[15,79611,74920],{},[264,79613,79615],{"href":79614},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[42,79617,3374],{"id":3373},[20,79619,79620,79621,156],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79622,78357],{},[353,79624,13128,79626],{"id":79625},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79627,64810],{},[20,79629,26223],{},[47,79631,79633],{"className":49,"code":79632,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79634,79635,79655,79669,79673,79683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79636,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79638,1594],{"class":65},[56,79640,1217],{"class":827},[56,79642,1220],{"class":76},[56,79644,223],{"class":80},[56,79646,306],{"class":76},[56,79648,409],{"class":80},[56,79650,306],{"class":76},[56,79652,414],{"class":80},[56,79654,427],{"class":76},[56,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79658,2775],{"class":65},[56,79660,1217],{"class":827},[56,79662,4804],{"class":65},[56,79664,156],{"class":76},[56,79666,35329],{"class":95},[56,79668,9174],{"class":76},[56,79670,79671],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79672,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79674,79675,79677,79679,79681],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,79676,373],{"class":72},[56,79678,77],{"class":76},[56,79680,2809],{"class":95},[56,79682,99],{"class":76},[56,79684,79685,79687,79689,79691],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,79686,373],{"class":72},[56,79688,77],{"class":76},[56,79690,1618],{"class":95},[56,79692,99],{"class":76},[20,79694,239],{},[47,79696,79698],{"className":49,"code":79697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79699,79700,79704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79701,79702],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79703,12342],{"class":4393},[56,79705,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79707,402],{"class":76},[56,79709,529],{"class":80},[56,79711,306],{"class":76},[56,79713,414],{"class":80},[56,79715,306],{"class":76},[56,79717,419],{"class":80},[56,79719,427],{"class":76},[20,79721,79722,79724,79725,156],{},[15,79723,64810],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79726,4319],{},[20,79728,79729,79730,7162],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79731,74920],{},[353,79733,79735],{"id":79734},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79737,79738],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[47,79740,79742],{"className":49,"code":79741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79743,79744,79769],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79745,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79761,79763,79765,79767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79747,1214],{"class":65},[56,79749,1217],{"class":827},[56,79751,1220],{"class":76},[56,79753,529],{"class":80},[56,79755,306],{"class":76},[56,79757,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79759,79760],{"class":1020},"two",[56,79762,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79764,306],{"class":76},[56,79766,419],{"class":80},[56,79768,427],{"class":76},[56,79770,79771,79773,79775,79777],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79772,1271],{"class":65},[56,79774,156],{"class":76},[56,79776,35329],{"class":95},[56,79778,9174],{"class":76},[20,79780,3544,79781,79783],{},[15,79782,3547],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[353,79785,2103,79787,79789],{"id":79786},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79788,64810],{}," only works on lists",[20,79791,79792,79794],{},[15,79793,64810],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79796,17179],{},[47,79798,79800],{"className":49,"code":79799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79801,79802,79814],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79803,79804,79806,79808,79810,79812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79805,35217],{"class":65},[56,79807,1217],{"class":827},[56,79809,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79811,51],{"class":1020},[56,79813,3903],{"class":1016},[56,79815,79816,79818,79820,79822],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79817,35238],{"class":65},[56,79819,156],{"class":76},[56,79821,35329],{"class":95},[56,79823,9174],{"class":76},[20,79825,79826,79827,34129],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79828,64810],{},[20,79830,79831],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[47,79833,79835],{"className":49,"code":79834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79836,79837,79855,79865,79869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79838,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79840,36614],{"class":65},[56,79842,1217],{"class":827},[56,79844,23096],{"class":378},[56,79846,77],{"class":76},[56,79848,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79850,51],{"class":1020},[56,79852,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79854,99],{"class":76},[56,79856,79857,79859,79861,79863],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79858,36666],{"class":65},[56,79860,156],{"class":76},[56,79862,35329],{"class":95},[56,79864,9174],{"class":76},[56,79866,79867],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79868,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,79870,79871,79873,79875,79877],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,79872,373],{"class":72},[56,79874,77],{"class":76},[56,79876,36666],{"class":95},[56,79878,99],{"class":76},[20,79880,239],{},[47,79882,79884],{"className":49,"code":79883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79885,79886],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79887,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932,79934,79936],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79889,402],{"class":76},[56,79891,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79893,60937],{"class":1020},[56,79895,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79897,306],{"class":76},[56,79899,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79901,76524],{"class":1020},[56,79903,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79905,306],{"class":76},[56,79907,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79909,60972],{"class":1020},[56,79911,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79913,306],{"class":76},[56,79915,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79917,20],{"class":1020},[56,79919,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79921,306],{"class":76},[56,79923,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79925,63785],{"class":1020},[56,79927,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79929,306],{"class":76},[56,79931,3839],{"class":1016},[56,79933,12279],{"class":1020},[56,79935,3844],{"class":1016},[56,79937,427],{"class":76},[353,79939,79941,79942,79944],{"id":79940},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79943,15376],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79946,79947,79948,156],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79949,15376],{},[20,79951,79952,79953,79955],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79954,64810],{}," will not do that:",[47,79957,79959],{"className":49,"code":79958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79960,79961,79993,80011,80015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79962,79963,79965,79967,79969,79971,79973,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79964,4610],{"class":65},[56,79966,1217],{"class":827},[56,79968,1220],{"class":76},[56,79970,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79972,4628],{"class":1020},[56,79974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79976,306],{"class":76},[56,79978,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79980,38869],{"class":1020},[56,79982,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79984,306],{"class":76},[56,79986,1231],{"class":1016},[56,79988,4619],{"class":1020},[56,79990,1017],{"class":1016},[56,79992,427],{"class":76},[56,79994,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,79996,4654],{"class":65},[56,79998,156],{"class":76},[56,80000,35329],{"class":95},[56,80002,77],{"class":76},[56,80004,15376],{"class":9707},[56,80006,1217],{"class":827},[56,80008,1266],{"class":72},[56,80010,99],{"class":76},[56,80012,80013],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80014,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,80016,80017,80019,80021,80023],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,80018,373],{"class":72},[56,80020,77],{"class":76},[56,80022,4654],{"class":95},[56,80024,99],{"class":76},[353,80026,80028],{"id":80027},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,80030,80031],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[47,80033,80035],{"className":49,"code":80034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80036,80037,80071,80081,80085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80038,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80067,80069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80040,4610],{"class":65},[56,80042,1217],{"class":827},[56,80044,1220],{"class":76},[56,80046,1017],{"class":1016},[56,80048,80049],{"class":1020},"zebra",[56,80051,1017],{"class":1016},[56,80053,306],{"class":76},[56,80055,1231],{"class":1016},[56,80057,58268],{"class":1020},[56,80059,1017],{"class":1016},[56,80061,306],{"class":76},[56,80063,1231],{"class":1016},[56,80065,80066],{"class":1020},"monkey",[56,80068,1017],{"class":1016},[56,80070,427],{"class":76},[56,80072,80073,80075,80077,80079],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,80074,4654],{"class":65},[56,80076,156],{"class":76},[56,80078,35329],{"class":95},[56,80080,9174],{"class":76},[56,80082,80083],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80084,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,80086,80087,80089,80091,80093],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,80088,373],{"class":72},[56,80090,77],{"class":76},[56,80092,4654],{"class":95},[56,80094,99],{"class":76},[20,80096,239],{},[47,80098,80100],{"className":49,"code":80099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80101,80102],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80103,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80105,402],{"class":76},[56,80107,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80109,58268],{"class":1020},[56,80111,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80113,306],{"class":76},[56,80115,3839],{"class":1016},[56,80117,80066],{"class":1020},[56,80119,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80121,306],{"class":76},[56,80123,3839],{"class":1016},[56,80125,80049],{"class":1020},[56,80127,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80129,427],{"class":76},[20,80131,2638,80132,80134],{},[15,80133,79075],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[353,80136,61209],{"id":61208},[20,80138,80139],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[47,80141,80143],{"className":49,"code":80142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80144,80145,80155,80169,80183,80197],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80146,80147,80149,80151,80153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80148,373],{"class":72},[56,80150,77],{"class":76},[56,80152,8870],{"class":95},[56,80154,99],{"class":76},[56,80156,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,80158,373],{"class":72},[56,80160,77],{"class":76},[56,80162,2312],{"class":378},[56,80164,77],{"class":76},[56,80166,8870],{"class":95},[56,80168,1635],{"class":76},[56,80170,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80172,373],{"class":72},[56,80174,77],{"class":76},[56,80176,8870],{"class":95},[56,80178,156],{"class":76},[56,80180,35329],{"class":95},[56,80182,7726],{"class":76},[56,80184,80185,80187,80189,80191,80193,80195],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,80186,373],{"class":72},[56,80188,77],{"class":76},[56,80190,75010],{"class":72},[56,80192,77],{"class":76},[56,80194,8870],{"class":95},[56,80196,1635],{"class":76},[56,80198,80199,80201,80203,80205,80207,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,80200,373],{"class":72},[56,80202,3528],{"class":76},[56,80204,2312],{"class":378},[56,80206,77],{"class":76},[56,80208,1399],{"class":95},[56,80210,4202],{"class":76},[56,80212,4418],{"class":62},[56,80214,1383],{"class":95},[56,80216,69],{"class":62},[56,80218,8926],{"class":95},[56,80220,1294],{"class":76},[20,80222,11702],{},[173,80224,80225,80228,80231,80238,80244],{},[176,80226,80227],{},"What values are in the list",[176,80229,80230],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[176,80232,80233,80234,2942,80236],{},"That ",[15,80235,64810],{},[15,80237,4319],{},[176,80239,80240,80241,80243],{},"Whether ",[15,80242,74920],{}," works better for your case",[176,80245,80246],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80248,80249,80250,80252],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80251,3547],{}," problems.",[42,80254,2343],{"id":2342},[353,80256,2347,80258,55968],{"id":80257},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80259,78357],{},[20,80261,63101,80262,156],{},[15,80263,4319],{},[353,80265,5718,80267,4935,80269,2363],{"id":80266},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80268,64810],{},[15,80270,74920],{},[20,80272,80273,80275,80276,80278],{},[15,80274,64810],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80277,74920],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[353,80280,80282],{"id":80281},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80284,19230],{},[47,80286,80288],{"className":49,"code":80287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80289,80290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80291,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80293,8870],{"class":65},[56,80295,156],{"class":76},[56,80297,35329],{"class":95},[56,80299,77],{"class":76},[56,80301,74073],{"class":9707},[56,80303,1217],{"class":827},[56,80305,4146],{"class":4393},[56,80307,99],{"class":76},[353,80309,80311],{"id":80310},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80313,19230],{},[47,80315,80317],{"className":49,"code":80316,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80318,80319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80320,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333,80335,80337,80339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80322,8870],{"class":65},[56,80324,156],{"class":76},[56,80326,35329],{"class":95},[56,80328,77],{"class":76},[56,80330,15376],{"class":9707},[56,80332,1217],{"class":827},[56,80334,3988],{"class":378},[56,80336,156],{"class":76},[56,80338,9171],{"class":25284},[56,80340,99],{"class":76},[20,80342,80343],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[353,80345,80347,80348,80350],{"id":80346},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80349,3547],{}," when sorting?",[20,80352,80353],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[42,80355,2417],{"id":2416},[173,80357,80358,80363,80369,80373],{},[176,80359,80360],{},[264,80361,80362],{"href":78866},"How to sort a list in Python",[176,80364,80365],{},[264,80366,13,80367,6322],{"href":75017},[15,80368,74920],{},[176,80370,80371],{},[264,80372,67575],{"href":51480},[176,80374,80375],{},[264,80376,79615],{"href":79614},[2451,80378,80379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":80381},[80382,80383,80385,80386,80387,80388,80390,80392,80403,80413],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":78423,"depth":87,"text":80384},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":78678,"depth":87,"text":78679},{"id":78870,"depth":87,"text":78871},{"id":79192,"depth":87,"text":80389},"Using the key argument",{"id":79457,"depth":87,"text":80391},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":80393},[80394,80396,80397,80399,80401,80402],{"id":79625,"depth":102,"text":80395},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79734,"depth":102,"text":79735},{"id":79786,"depth":102,"text":80398},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79940,"depth":102,"text":80400},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80027,"depth":102,"text":80028},{"id":61208,"depth":102,"text":61209},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":80404},[80405,80407,80409,80410,80411],{"id":80257,"depth":102,"text":80406},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80266,"depth":102,"text":80408},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80281,"depth":102,"text":80282},{"id":80310,"depth":102,"text":80311},{"id":80346,"depth":102,"text":80412},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78345,"description":80414},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80421,"title":80422,"body":80423,"description":83052,"extension":2509,"meta":83053,"navigation":105,"path":83054,"seo":83055,"stem":83056,"__hash__":83057},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80424,"toc":83011},[80425,80430,80435,80438,80449,80452,80472,80474,80536,80538,80579,80588,80593,80598,80604,80615,80617,80636,80639,80644,80649,80651,80656,80670,80672,80690,80693,80710,80713,80719,80742,80747,80749,80752,80813,80815,80848,80850,80889,80897,80907,80913,80918,81011,81013,81037,81039,81057,81060,81090,81096,81101,81104,81106,81231,81233,81257,81259,81278,81284,81290,81409,81411,81428,81435,81441,81446,81453,81459,81461,81518,81521,81542,81545,81548,81609,81611,81644,81648,81718,81720,81737,81741,81744,81819,81821,81858,81861,81864,81935,81937,81998,82003,82008,82011,82025,82027,82100,82102,82122,82125,82128,82185,82247,82250,82282,82285,82300,82305,82307,82313,82316,82372,82375,82377,82396,82400,82402,82446,82455,82457,82517,82521,82524,82526,82619,82621,82736,82740,82742,82816,82819,82822,82824,82828,82893,82895,82919,82929,82931,82937,82946,82955,82964,82970,82973,82977,82980,82982,83008],[10,80426,13,80428,18],{"id":80427},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80429,40227],{},[20,80431,4124,80432,80434],{},[15,80433,40227],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80436,80437],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[173,80439,80440,80443,80446],{},[176,80441,80442],{},"converting numbers to strings",[176,80444,80445],{},"changing strings to integers",[176,80447,80448],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80450,80451],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[173,80453,80454,80461,80467],{},[176,80455,80456,14588,80458,80460],{},[15,80457,40227],{},[37,80459,5170],{}," return a list in Python 3",[176,80462,80463,80464],{},"it returns a ",[37,80465,80466],{},"map object",[176,80468,80469,80470],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80471,1518],{},[42,80473,45],{"id":44},[47,80475,80477],{"className":49,"code":80476,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80478,80479,80503,80522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80480,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80482,1594],{"class":65},[56,80484,1217],{"class":827},[56,80486,1220],{"class":76},[56,80488,529],{"class":80},[56,80490,306],{"class":76},[56,80492,414],{"class":80},[56,80494,306],{"class":76},[56,80496,419],{"class":80},[56,80498,306],{"class":76},[56,80500,424],{"class":80},[56,80502,427],{"class":76},[56,80504,80505,80507,80509,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,80506,2775],{"class":65},[56,80508,1217],{"class":827},[56,80510,80511],{"class":72}," map",[56,80513,77],{"class":76},[56,80515,3988],{"class":378},[56,80517,306],{"class":76},[56,80519,4804],{"class":95},[56,80521,99],{"class":76},[56,80523,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80525,373],{"class":72},[56,80527,77],{"class":76},[56,80529,379],{"class":378},[56,80531,77],{"class":76},[56,80533,2809],{"class":95},[56,80535,1635],{"class":76},[20,80537,239],{},[47,80539,80541],{"className":49,"code":80540,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80542,80543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80544,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80546,402],{"class":76},[56,80548,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80550,529],{"class":1020},[56,80552,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80554,306],{"class":76},[56,80556,3839],{"class":1016},[56,80558,463],{"class":1020},[56,80560,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80562,306],{"class":76},[56,80564,3839],{"class":1016},[56,80566,223],{"class":1020},[56,80568,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80570,306],{"class":76},[56,80572,3839],{"class":1016},[56,80574,1603],{"class":1020},[56,80576,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80578,427],{"class":76},[20,80580,2638,80581,80584,80585,80587],{},[15,80582,80583],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80586,1518],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[42,80589,160,80591,163],{"id":80590},"what-map-does",[15,80592,40227],{},[20,80594,80595,80597],{},[15,80596,40227],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80599,80600,80601,80603],{},"An ",[37,80602,4261],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[173,80605,80606,80608,80610,80612],{},[176,80607,38413],{},[176,80609,38416],{},[176,80611,38419],{},[176,80613,80614],{},"a range object",[20,80616,31255],{},[47,80618,80620],{"className":49,"code":80619,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80621,80622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80623,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80625,40370],{"class":72},[56,80627,77],{"class":76},[56,80629,38372],{"class":95},[56,80631,306],{"class":76},[56,80633,38377],{"class":95},[56,80635,99],{"class":76},[20,80637,80638],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80640,80641,80642,34270],{},"Important: the result is a ",[37,80643,80466],{},[20,80645,80646,80647,156],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[264,80648,5676],{"href":5675},[42,80650,2702],{"id":2701},[20,80652,80653,80655],{},[15,80654,40227],{}," needs at least two parts:",[173,80657,80658,80664],{},[176,80659,80660,80663],{},[37,80661,80662],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[176,80665,80666,80669],{},[37,80667,80668],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80671,4246],{},[47,80673,80674],{"className":49,"code":80619,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,80675,80676],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80677,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80679,40370],{"class":72},[56,80681,77],{"class":76},[56,80683,38372],{"class":95},[56,80685,306],{"class":76},[56,80687,38377],{"class":95},[56,80689,99],{"class":76},[20,80691,80692],{},"You can pass:",[173,80694,80695,80704,80707],{},[176,80696,80697,80698,2735,80700,2739,80702],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80699,3988],{},[15,80701,2734],{},[15,80703,2563],{},[176,80705,80706],{},"your own custom function",[176,80708,80709],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80711,80712],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80714,80715,80716,80718],{},"You will often see ",[15,80717,40227],{}," used like this:",[47,80720,80722],{"className":49,"code":80721,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80723,80724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80725,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80727,379],{"class":378},[56,80729,77],{"class":76},[56,80731,40370],{"class":72},[56,80733,77],{"class":76},[56,80735,38372],{"class":95},[56,80737,306],{"class":76},[56,80739,4426],{"class":95},[56,80741,1635],{"class":76},[20,80743,7208,80744,80746],{},[15,80745,1518],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[42,80748,12008],{"id":12007},[20,80750,80751],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[47,80753,80755],{"className":49,"code":80754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80756,80757,80777,80795,80799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80758,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80760,1594],{"class":65},[56,80762,1217],{"class":827},[56,80764,1220],{"class":76},[56,80766,2291],{"class":80},[56,80768,306],{"class":76},[56,80770,8323],{"class":80},[56,80772,306],{"class":76},[56,80774,8328],{"class":80},[56,80776,427],{"class":76},[56,80778,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,80780,2775],{"class":65},[56,80782,1217],{"class":827},[56,80784,80511],{"class":72},[56,80786,77],{"class":76},[56,80788,3988],{"class":378},[56,80790,306],{"class":76},[56,80792,4804],{"class":95},[56,80794,99],{"class":76},[56,80796,80797],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80798,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,80800,80801,80803,80805,80807,80809,80811],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,80802,373],{"class":72},[56,80804,77],{"class":76},[56,80806,379],{"class":378},[56,80808,77],{"class":76},[56,80810,2809],{"class":95},[56,80812,1635],{"class":76},[20,80814,239],{},[47,80816,80818],{"className":49,"code":80817,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80819,80820],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80821,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80823,402],{"class":76},[56,80825,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80827,2291],{"class":1020},[56,80829,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80831,306],{"class":76},[56,80833,3839],{"class":1016},[56,80835,16289],{"class":1020},[56,80837,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80839,306],{"class":76},[56,80841,3839],{"class":1016},[56,80843,37355],{"class":1020},[56,80845,3844],{"class":1016},[56,80847,427],{"class":76},[20,80849,12217],{},[173,80851,80852,80857,80865,80873,80881],{},[176,80853,80854,80856],{},[15,80855,1618],{}," contains integers",[176,80858,80859,80862,80863],{},[15,80860,80861],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80864,48188],{},[176,80866,80867,42664,80870],{},[15,80868,80869],{},"str(10)",[15,80871,80872],{},"'10'",[176,80874,80875,42664,80878],{},[15,80876,80877],{},"str(20)",[15,80879,80880],{},"'20'",[176,80882,80883,42664,80886],{},[15,80884,80885],{},"str(30)",[15,80887,80888],{},"'30'",[20,80890,54154,80891,80893,80894,80896],{},[15,80892,40227],{}," applies ",[15,80895,48188],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80898,80899,80900,80902,80903,156],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80901,1518],{}," better, see ",[264,80904,13,80905,2430],{"href":65346},[15,80906,1518],{},[42,80908,958,80910,80912],{"id":80909},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80911,40227],{}," with your own function",[20,80914,16249,80915,80917],{},[15,80916,40227],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[47,80919,80921],{"className":49,"code":80920,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80922,80923,80936,80946,80950,80974,80993,80997],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80924,80925,80927,80930,80932,80934],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80926,35381],{"class":2610},[56,80928,80929],{"class":35384}," double",[56,80931,77],{"class":76},[56,80933,2719],{"class":38174},[56,80935,84],{"class":76},[56,80937,80938,80940,80942,80944],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,80939,35392],{"class":62},[56,80941,4421],{"class":65},[56,80943,40383],{"class":827},[56,80945,1066],{"class":80},[56,80947,80948],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80949,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,80951,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,80953,1594],{"class":65},[56,80955,1217],{"class":827},[56,80957,1220],{"class":76},[56,80959,529],{"class":80},[56,80961,306],{"class":76},[56,80963,414],{"class":80},[56,80965,306],{"class":76},[56,80967,419],{"class":80},[56,80969,306],{"class":76},[56,80971,424],{"class":80},[56,80973,427],{"class":76},[56,80975,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984,80987,80989,80991],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,80977,2775],{"class":65},[56,80979,1217],{"class":827},[56,80981,80511],{"class":72},[56,80983,77],{"class":76},[56,80985,80986],{"class":95},"double",[56,80988,306],{"class":76},[56,80990,4804],{"class":95},[56,80992,99],{"class":76},[56,80994,80995],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,80996,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,80998,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,81000,373],{"class":72},[56,81002,77],{"class":76},[56,81004,379],{"class":378},[56,81006,77],{"class":76},[56,81008,2809],{"class":95},[56,81010,1635],{"class":76},[20,81012,239],{},[47,81014,81015],{"className":49,"code":40396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,81016,81017],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81018,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81020,402],{"class":76},[56,81022,463],{"class":80},[56,81024,306],{"class":76},[56,81026,424],{"class":80},[56,81028,306],{"class":76},[56,81030,468],{"class":80},[56,81032,306],{"class":76},[56,81034,2272],{"class":80},[56,81036,427],{"class":76},[20,81038,66082],{},[173,81040,81041,81048,81054],{},[176,81042,81043,81045,81046],{},[15,81044,40227],{}," takes the function ",[15,81047,80986],{},[176,81049,81050,81051,81053],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,81052,1618],{}," into that function",[176,81055,81056],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,81058,81059],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[173,81061,81062,81069,81076,81083],{},[176,81063,81064,6607,81067],{},[15,81065,81066],{},"double(1)",[15,81068,463],{},[176,81070,81071,6607,81074],{},[15,81072,81073],{},"double(2)",[15,81075,1603],{},[176,81077,81078,6607,81081],{},[15,81079,81080],{},"double(3)",[15,81082,708],{},[176,81084,81085,6607,81088],{},[15,81086,81087],{},"double(4)",[15,81089,2890],{},[42,81091,958,81093,81095],{"id":81092},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,81094,40227],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,81097,81098,81100],{},[15,81099,40227],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,81102,81103],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,81105,986],{},[47,81107,81109],{"className":49,"code":81108,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81110,81111,81128,81138,81142,81163,81184,81188,81213,81217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81112,81113,81115,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81114,35381],{"class":2610},[56,81116,81117],{"class":35384}," add_numbers",[56,81119,77],{"class":76},[56,81121,264],{"class":38174},[56,81123,306],{"class":76},[56,81125,3103],{"class":38174},[56,81127,84],{"class":76},[56,81129,81130,81132,81134,81136],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81131,35392],{"class":62},[56,81133,45052],{"class":65},[56,81135,2605],{"class":827},[56,81137,1315],{"class":65},[56,81139,81140],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81141,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81143,81144,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,81145,81146],{"class":65},"list1 ",[56,81148,1217],{"class":827},[56,81150,1220],{"class":76},[56,81152,529],{"class":80},[56,81154,306],{"class":76},[56,81156,414],{"class":80},[56,81158,306],{"class":76},[56,81160,419],{"class":80},[56,81162,427],{"class":76},[56,81164,81165,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,81166,81167],{"class":65},"list2 ",[56,81169,1217],{"class":827},[56,81171,1220],{"class":76},[56,81173,2291],{"class":80},[56,81175,306],{"class":76},[56,81177,8323],{"class":80},[56,81179,306],{"class":76},[56,81181,8328],{"class":80},[56,81183,427],{"class":76},[56,81185,81186],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,81187,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81189,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81201,81203,81206,81208,81211],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,81191,2775],{"class":65},[56,81193,1217],{"class":827},[56,81195,80511],{"class":72},[56,81197,77],{"class":76},[56,81199,81200],{"class":95},"add_numbers",[56,81202,306],{"class":76},[56,81204,81205],{"class":95}," list1",[56,81207,306],{"class":76},[56,81209,81210],{"class":95}," list2",[56,81212,99],{"class":76},[56,81214,81215],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,81216,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81218,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,81220,373],{"class":72},[56,81222,77],{"class":76},[56,81224,379],{"class":378},[56,81226,77],{"class":76},[56,81228,2809],{"class":95},[56,81230,1635],{"class":76},[20,81232,239],{},[47,81234,81236],{"className":49,"code":81235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81237,81238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81239,81240,81242,81245,81247,81250,81252,81255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81241,402],{"class":76},[56,81243,81244],{"class":80},"11",[56,81246,306],{"class":76},[56,81248,81249],{"class":80}," 22",[56,81251,306],{"class":76},[56,81253,81254],{"class":80}," 33",[56,81256,427],{"class":76},[20,81258,2724],{},[173,81260,81261,81267,81273],{},[176,81262,81263,81264],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81265,81266],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[176,81268,81269,81270],{},"then ",[15,81271,81272],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[176,81274,81269,81275],{},[15,81276,81277],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[353,81279,81281,81283],{"id":81280},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81282,40227],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81285,81286,81287,81289],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81288,40227],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[47,81291,81293],{"className":49,"code":81292,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81294,81295,81311,81321,81325,81349,81365,81369,81391,81395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81296,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81298,35381],{"class":2610},[56,81300,81117],{"class":35384},[56,81302,77],{"class":76},[56,81304,264],{"class":38174},[56,81306,306],{"class":76},[56,81308,3103],{"class":38174},[56,81310,84],{"class":76},[56,81312,81313,81315,81317,81319],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81314,35392],{"class":62},[56,81316,45052],{"class":65},[56,81318,2605],{"class":827},[56,81320,1315],{"class":65},[56,81322,81323],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81324,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81326,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,81328,81146],{"class":65},[56,81330,1217],{"class":827},[56,81332,1220],{"class":76},[56,81334,529],{"class":80},[56,81336,306],{"class":76},[56,81338,414],{"class":80},[56,81340,306],{"class":76},[56,81342,419],{"class":80},[56,81344,306],{"class":76},[56,81346,424],{"class":80},[56,81348,427],{"class":76},[56,81350,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,81352,81167],{"class":65},[56,81354,1217],{"class":827},[56,81356,1220],{"class":76},[56,81358,2291],{"class":80},[56,81360,306],{"class":76},[56,81362,8323],{"class":80},[56,81364,427],{"class":76},[56,81366,81367],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,81368,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81370,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387,81389],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,81372,2775],{"class":65},[56,81374,1217],{"class":827},[56,81376,80511],{"class":72},[56,81378,77],{"class":76},[56,81380,81200],{"class":95},[56,81382,306],{"class":76},[56,81384,81205],{"class":95},[56,81386,306],{"class":76},[56,81388,81210],{"class":95},[56,81390,99],{"class":76},[56,81392,81393],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,81394,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81396,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,81398,373],{"class":72},[56,81400,77],{"class":76},[56,81402,379],{"class":378},[56,81404,77],{"class":76},[56,81406,2809],{"class":95},[56,81408,1635],{"class":76},[20,81410,239],{},[47,81412,81414],{"className":49,"code":81413,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81415,81416],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81417,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81419,402],{"class":76},[56,81421,81244],{"class":80},[56,81423,306],{"class":76},[56,81425,81249],{"class":80},[56,81427,427],{"class":76},[20,81429,81430,81431,81434],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81432,81433],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[42,81436,81438,81440],{"id":81437},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81439,40227],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81442,38535,81443,81445],{},[15,81444,40227],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81447,81448,81449,81452],{},"This object is ",[37,81450,81451],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[353,81454,3033,81456,81458],{"id":81455},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81457,33557],{}," looks strange",[20,81460,34171],{},[47,81462,81464],{"className":49,"code":81463,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81465,81466,81486,81504,81508],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81467,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81469,1594],{"class":65},[56,81471,1217],{"class":827},[56,81473,1220],{"class":76},[56,81475,529],{"class":80},[56,81477,306],{"class":76},[56,81479,414],{"class":80},[56,81481,306],{"class":76},[56,81483,419],{"class":80},[56,81485,427],{"class":76},[56,81487,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81489,2775],{"class":65},[56,81491,1217],{"class":827},[56,81493,80511],{"class":72},[56,81495,77],{"class":76},[56,81497,3988],{"class":378},[56,81499,306],{"class":76},[56,81501,4804],{"class":95},[56,81503,99],{"class":76},[56,81505,81506],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81507,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81509,81510,81512,81514,81516],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,81511,373],{"class":72},[56,81513,77],{"class":76},[56,81515,2809],{"class":95},[56,81517,99],{"class":76},[20,81519,81520],{},"Output will look something like this:",[47,81522,81524],{"className":49,"code":81523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81525,81526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81527,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81529,3833],{"class":827},[56,81531,40370],{"class":72},[56,81533,2339],{"class":378},[56,81535,37878],{"class":65},[56,81537,37882],{"class":37881},[56,81539,37885],{"class":34982},[56,81541,3847],{"class":827},[20,81543,81544],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81546,81547],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[47,81549,81551],{"className":49,"code":81550,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81552,81553,81573,81591,81595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81554,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81556,1594],{"class":65},[56,81558,1217],{"class":827},[56,81560,1220],{"class":76},[56,81562,529],{"class":80},[56,81564,306],{"class":76},[56,81566,414],{"class":80},[56,81568,306],{"class":76},[56,81570,419],{"class":80},[56,81572,427],{"class":76},[56,81574,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81576,2775],{"class":65},[56,81578,1217],{"class":827},[56,81580,80511],{"class":72},[56,81582,77],{"class":76},[56,81584,3988],{"class":378},[56,81586,306],{"class":76},[56,81588,4804],{"class":95},[56,81590,99],{"class":76},[56,81592,81593],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81594,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81596,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,81598,373],{"class":72},[56,81600,77],{"class":76},[56,81602,379],{"class":378},[56,81604,77],{"class":76},[56,81606,2809],{"class":95},[56,81608,1635],{"class":76},[20,81610,239],{},[47,81612,81614],{"className":49,"code":81613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81615,81616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81617,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81619,402],{"class":76},[56,81621,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81623,529],{"class":1020},[56,81625,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81627,306],{"class":76},[56,81629,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81631,463],{"class":1020},[56,81633,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81635,306],{"class":76},[56,81637,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81639,223],{"class":1020},[56,81641,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81643,427],{"class":76},[353,81645,81647],{"id":81646},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[47,81649,81651],{"className":49,"code":81650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81652,81653,81673,81691,81695,81708],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81654,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81656,1594],{"class":65},[56,81658,1217],{"class":827},[56,81660,1220],{"class":76},[56,81662,529],{"class":80},[56,81664,306],{"class":76},[56,81666,414],{"class":80},[56,81668,306],{"class":76},[56,81670,419],{"class":80},[56,81672,427],{"class":76},[56,81674,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81676,2775],{"class":65},[56,81678,1217],{"class":827},[56,81680,80511],{"class":72},[56,81682,77],{"class":76},[56,81684,3988],{"class":378},[56,81686,306],{"class":76},[56,81688,4804],{"class":95},[56,81690,99],{"class":76},[56,81692,81693],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81694,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81696,81697,81699,81701,81703,81706],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,81698,31],{"class":62},[56,81700,1383],{"class":65},[56,81702,69],{"class":62},[56,81704,81705],{"class":65}," result",[56,81707,1390],{"class":76},[56,81709,81710,81712,81714,81716],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,81711,90],{"class":72},[56,81713,77],{"class":76},[56,81715,1399],{"class":95},[56,81717,99],{"class":76},[20,81719,239],{},[47,81721,81723],{"className":49,"code":81722,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81724,81725,81729,81733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81726,81727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81728,254],{"class":80},[56,81730,81731],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81732,259],{"class":80},[56,81734,81735],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81736,47123],{"class":80},[353,81738,81740],{"id":81739},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81742,81743],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[47,81745,81747],{"className":49,"code":81746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81748,81749,81769,81787,81791,81805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81750,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81752,1594],{"class":65},[56,81754,1217],{"class":827},[56,81756,1220],{"class":76},[56,81758,529],{"class":80},[56,81760,306],{"class":76},[56,81762,414],{"class":80},[56,81764,306],{"class":76},[56,81766,419],{"class":80},[56,81768,427],{"class":76},[56,81770,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81772,2775],{"class":65},[56,81774,1217],{"class":827},[56,81776,80511],{"class":72},[56,81778,77],{"class":76},[56,81780,3988],{"class":378},[56,81782,306],{"class":76},[56,81784,4804],{"class":95},[56,81786,99],{"class":76},[56,81788,81789],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81790,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81792,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,81794,373],{"class":72},[56,81796,77],{"class":76},[56,81798,379],{"class":378},[56,81800,77],{"class":76},[56,81802,2809],{"class":95},[56,81804,1635],{"class":76},[56,81806,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,81808,373],{"class":72},[56,81810,77],{"class":76},[56,81812,379],{"class":378},[56,81814,77],{"class":76},[56,81816,2809],{"class":95},[56,81818,1635],{"class":76},[20,81820,239],{},[47,81822,81824],{"className":49,"code":81823,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81825,81826,81854],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81827,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81829,402],{"class":76},[56,81831,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81833,529],{"class":1020},[56,81835,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81837,306],{"class":76},[56,81839,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81841,463],{"class":1020},[56,81843,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81845,306],{"class":76},[56,81847,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81849,223],{"class":1020},[56,81851,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81853,427],{"class":76},[56,81855,81856],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81857,907],{"class":76},[20,81859,81860],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81862,81863],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[47,81865,81867],{"className":49,"code":81866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81868,81869,81889,81911,81915,81925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81870,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81872,1594],{"class":65},[56,81874,1217],{"class":827},[56,81876,1220],{"class":76},[56,81878,529],{"class":80},[56,81880,306],{"class":76},[56,81882,414],{"class":80},[56,81884,306],{"class":76},[56,81886,419],{"class":80},[56,81888,427],{"class":76},[56,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81892,2775],{"class":65},[56,81894,1217],{"class":827},[56,81896,23096],{"class":378},[56,81898,77],{"class":76},[56,81900,40370],{"class":72},[56,81902,77],{"class":76},[56,81904,3988],{"class":378},[56,81906,306],{"class":76},[56,81908,4804],{"class":95},[56,81910,1635],{"class":76},[56,81912,81913],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81914,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,81916,81917,81919,81921,81923],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,81918,373],{"class":72},[56,81920,77],{"class":76},[56,81922,2809],{"class":95},[56,81924,99],{"class":76},[56,81926,81927,81929,81931,81933],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,81928,373],{"class":72},[56,81930,77],{"class":76},[56,81932,2809],{"class":95},[56,81934,99],{"class":76},[20,81936,239],{},[47,81938,81940],{"className":49,"code":81939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81941,81942,81970],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81943,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81945,402],{"class":76},[56,81947,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81949,529],{"class":1020},[56,81951,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81953,306],{"class":76},[56,81955,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81957,463],{"class":1020},[56,81959,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81961,306],{"class":76},[56,81963,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81965,223],{"class":1020},[56,81967,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81969,427],{"class":76},[56,81971,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,81973,402],{"class":76},[56,81975,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81977,529],{"class":1020},[56,81979,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81981,306],{"class":76},[56,81983,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81985,463],{"class":1020},[56,81987,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81989,306],{"class":76},[56,81991,3839],{"class":1016},[56,81993,223],{"class":1020},[56,81995,3844],{"class":1016},[56,81997,427],{"class":76},[42,81999,5500,82001],{"id":82000},"when-to-use-map",[15,82002,40227],{},[20,82004,82005,82007],{},[15,82006,40227],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,82009,82010],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[173,82012,82013,82017,82021],{},[176,82014,82015],{},[15,82016,3988],{},[176,82018,82019],{},[15,82020,2734],{},[176,82022,82023],{},[15,82024,2563],{},[20,82026,986],{},[47,82028,82030],{"className":49,"code":82029,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,82031,82032,82064,82086,82090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82033,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82035,4364],{"class":65},[56,82037,1217],{"class":827},[56,82039,1220],{"class":76},[56,82041,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82043,529],{"class":1020},[56,82045,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82047,306],{"class":76},[56,82049,3839],{"class":1016},[56,82051,463],{"class":1020},[56,82053,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82055,306],{"class":76},[56,82057,3839],{"class":1016},[56,82059,223],{"class":1020},[56,82061,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82063,427],{"class":76},[56,82065,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82067,1594],{"class":65},[56,82069,1217],{"class":827},[56,82071,23096],{"class":378},[56,82073,77],{"class":76},[56,82075,40370],{"class":72},[56,82077,77],{"class":76},[56,82079,2734],{"class":378},[56,82081,306],{"class":76},[56,82083,4426],{"class":95},[56,82085,1635],{"class":76},[56,82087,82088],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82089,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82091,82092,82094,82096,82098],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,82093,373],{"class":72},[56,82095,77],{"class":76},[56,82097,1618],{"class":95},[56,82099,99],{"class":76},[20,82101,239],{},[47,82103,82104],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,82105,82106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82107,82108,82110,82112,82114,82116,82118,82120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82109,402],{"class":76},[56,82111,529],{"class":80},[56,82113,306],{"class":76},[56,82115,414],{"class":80},[56,82117,306],{"class":76},[56,82119,419],{"class":80},[56,82121,427],{"class":76},[20,82123,82124],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,82126,82127],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[47,82129,82131],{"className":49,"code":82130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,82132,82133,82153,82175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82134,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82136,1594],{"class":65},[56,82138,1217],{"class":827},[56,82140,1220],{"class":76},[56,82142,529],{"class":80},[56,82144,306],{"class":76},[56,82146,414],{"class":80},[56,82148,306],{"class":76},[56,82150,419],{"class":80},[56,82152,427],{"class":76},[56,82154,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82156,2775],{"class":65},[56,82158,1217],{"class":827},[56,82160,23096],{"class":378},[56,82162,77],{"class":76},[56,82164,40370],{"class":72},[56,82166,77],{"class":76},[56,82168,3988],{"class":378},[56,82170,306],{"class":76},[56,82172,4804],{"class":95},[56,82174,1635],{"class":76},[56,82176,82177,82179,82181,82183],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82178,373],{"class":72},[56,82180,77],{"class":76},[56,82182,2809],{"class":95},[56,82184,99],{"class":76},[47,82186,82188],{"className":49,"code":82187,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82189,82190,82210,82237],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82191,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82193,1594],{"class":65},[56,82195,1217],{"class":827},[56,82197,1220],{"class":76},[56,82199,529],{"class":80},[56,82201,306],{"class":76},[56,82203,414],{"class":80},[56,82205,306],{"class":76},[56,82207,419],{"class":80},[56,82209,427],{"class":76},[56,82211,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82231,82233,82235],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82213,2775],{"class":65},[56,82215,1217],{"class":827},[56,82217,1220],{"class":76},[56,82219,3988],{"class":378},[56,82221,77],{"class":76},[56,82223,76524],{"class":95},[56,82225,4202],{"class":76},[56,82227,4418],{"class":62},[56,82229,82230],{"class":65}," n ",[56,82232,69],{"class":62},[56,82234,4804],{"class":65},[56,82236,427],{"class":76},[56,82238,82239,82241,82243,82245],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82240,373],{"class":72},[56,82242,77],{"class":76},[56,82244,2809],{"class":95},[56,82246,99],{"class":76},[20,82248,82249],{},"Both produce:",[47,82251,82252],{"className":49,"code":81613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,82253,82254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82255,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82257,402],{"class":76},[56,82259,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82261,529],{"class":1020},[56,82263,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82265,306],{"class":76},[56,82267,3839],{"class":1016},[56,82269,463],{"class":1020},[56,82271,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82273,306],{"class":76},[56,82275,3839],{"class":1016},[56,82277,223],{"class":1020},[56,82279,3844],{"class":1016},[56,82281,427],{"class":76},[20,82283,82284],{},"A simple rule:",[173,82286,82287,82292,82297],{},[176,82288,40501,82289,82291],{},[15,82290,40227],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[176,82293,40507,82294,82296],{},[15,82295,31],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[176,82298,82299],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82301,82302,82303,156],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[264,82304,4934],{"href":4933},[42,82306,1690],{"id":1689},[353,82308,82310,82311],{"id":82309},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82312,1518],{},[20,82314,82315],{},"This is very common:",[47,82317,82318],{"className":49,"code":81463,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,82319,82320,82340,82358,82362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82321,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82323,1594],{"class":65},[56,82325,1217],{"class":827},[56,82327,1220],{"class":76},[56,82329,529],{"class":80},[56,82331,306],{"class":76},[56,82333,414],{"class":80},[56,82335,306],{"class":76},[56,82337,419],{"class":80},[56,82339,427],{"class":76},[56,82341,82342,82344,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82343,2775],{"class":65},[56,82345,1217],{"class":827},[56,82347,80511],{"class":72},[56,82349,77],{"class":76},[56,82351,3988],{"class":378},[56,82353,306],{"class":76},[56,82355,4804],{"class":95},[56,82357,99],{"class":76},[56,82359,82360],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82361,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82363,82364,82366,82368,82370],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,82365,373],{"class":72},[56,82367,77],{"class":76},[56,82369,2809],{"class":95},[56,82371,99],{"class":76},[20,82373,82374],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82376,39772],{},[47,82378,82380],{"className":49,"code":82379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82381,82382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82383,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82385,373],{"class":72},[56,82387,77],{"class":76},[56,82389,379],{"class":378},[56,82391,77],{"class":76},[56,82393,2809],{"class":95},[56,82395,1635],{"class":76},[353,82397,82399],{"id":82398},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82401,17179],{},[47,82403,82405],{"className":49,"code":82404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82406,82407,82427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82408,82409,82411,82413,82415,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82410,1594],{"class":65},[56,82412,1217],{"class":827},[56,82414,1220],{"class":76},[56,82416,529],{"class":80},[56,82418,306],{"class":76},[56,82420,414],{"class":80},[56,82422,306],{"class":76},[56,82424,419],{"class":80},[56,82426,427],{"class":76},[56,82428,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82442,82444],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82430,2775],{"class":65},[56,82432,1217],{"class":827},[56,82434,80511],{"class":72},[56,82436,77],{"class":76},[56,82438,3988],{"class":378},[56,82440,82441],{"class":76},"(),",[56,82443,4804],{"class":95},[56,82445,99],{"class":76},[20,82447,82448,82449,82451,82452,82454],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82450,48188],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82453,40227],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82456,17191],{},[47,82458,82459],{"className":49,"code":81550,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,82460,82461,82481,82499,82503],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82462,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477,82479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82464,1594],{"class":65},[56,82466,1217],{"class":827},[56,82468,1220],{"class":76},[56,82470,529],{"class":80},[56,82472,306],{"class":76},[56,82474,414],{"class":80},[56,82476,306],{"class":76},[56,82478,419],{"class":80},[56,82480,427],{"class":76},[56,82482,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82484,2775],{"class":65},[56,82486,1217],{"class":827},[56,82488,80511],{"class":72},[56,82490,77],{"class":76},[56,82492,3988],{"class":378},[56,82494,306],{"class":76},[56,82496,4804],{"class":95},[56,82498,99],{"class":76},[56,82500,82501],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82502,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82504,82505,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,82506,373],{"class":72},[56,82508,77],{"class":76},[56,82510,379],{"class":378},[56,82512,77],{"class":76},[56,82514,2809],{"class":95},[56,82516,1635],{"class":76},[353,82518,82520],{"id":82519},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82522,82523],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82525,17179],{},[47,82527,82529],{"className":49,"code":82528,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82530,82531,82548,82558,82562,82582,82601,82605],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82532,82533,82535,82538,82540,82542,82544,82546],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82534,35381],{"class":2610},[56,82536,82537],{"class":35384}," add",[56,82539,77],{"class":76},[56,82541,264],{"class":38174},[56,82543,306],{"class":76},[56,82545,3103],{"class":38174},[56,82547,84],{"class":76},[56,82549,82550,82552,82554,82556],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82551,35392],{"class":62},[56,82553,45052],{"class":65},[56,82555,2605],{"class":827},[56,82557,1315],{"class":65},[56,82559,82560],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82561,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82563,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,82565,1594],{"class":65},[56,82567,1217],{"class":827},[56,82569,1220],{"class":76},[56,82571,529],{"class":80},[56,82573,306],{"class":76},[56,82575,414],{"class":80},[56,82577,306],{"class":76},[56,82579,419],{"class":80},[56,82581,427],{"class":76},[56,82583,82584,82586,82588,82590,82592,82595,82597,82599],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,82585,2775],{"class":65},[56,82587,1217],{"class":827},[56,82589,80511],{"class":72},[56,82591,77],{"class":76},[56,82593,82594],{"class":95},"add",[56,82596,306],{"class":76},[56,82598,4804],{"class":95},[56,82600,99],{"class":76},[56,82602,82603],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,82604,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82606,82607,82609,82611,82613,82615,82617],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,82608,373],{"class":72},[56,82610,77],{"class":76},[56,82612,379],{"class":378},[56,82614,77],{"class":76},[56,82616,2809],{"class":95},[56,82618,1635],{"class":76},[20,82620,17191],{},[47,82622,82624],{"className":49,"code":82623,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82625,82626,82642,82652,82656,82676,82696,82718,82722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82627,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82629,35381],{"class":2610},[56,82631,82537],{"class":35384},[56,82633,77],{"class":76},[56,82635,264],{"class":38174},[56,82637,306],{"class":76},[56,82639,3103],{"class":38174},[56,82641,84],{"class":76},[56,82643,82644,82646,82648,82650],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82645,35392],{"class":62},[56,82647,45052],{"class":65},[56,82649,2605],{"class":827},[56,82651,1315],{"class":65},[56,82653,82654],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82655,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82657,82658,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,82659,81146],{"class":65},[56,82661,1217],{"class":827},[56,82663,1220],{"class":76},[56,82665,529],{"class":80},[56,82667,306],{"class":76},[56,82669,414],{"class":80},[56,82671,306],{"class":76},[56,82673,419],{"class":80},[56,82675,427],{"class":76},[56,82677,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688,82690,82692,82694],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,82679,81167],{"class":65},[56,82681,1217],{"class":827},[56,82683,1220],{"class":76},[56,82685,2291],{"class":80},[56,82687,306],{"class":76},[56,82689,8323],{"class":80},[56,82691,306],{"class":76},[56,82693,8328],{"class":80},[56,82695,427],{"class":76},[56,82697,82698,82700,82702,82704,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,82699,2775],{"class":65},[56,82701,1217],{"class":827},[56,82703,80511],{"class":72},[56,82705,77],{"class":76},[56,82707,82594],{"class":95},[56,82709,306],{"class":76},[56,82711,81205],{"class":95},[56,82713,306],{"class":76},[56,82715,81210],{"class":95},[56,82717,99],{"class":76},[56,82719,82720],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,82721,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82723,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,82725,373],{"class":72},[56,82727,77],{"class":76},[56,82729,379],{"class":378},[56,82731,77],{"class":76},[56,82733,2809],{"class":95},[56,82735,1635],{"class":76},[353,82737,82739],{"id":82738},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82741,17179],{},[47,82743,82744],{"className":49,"code":81746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,82745,82746,82766,82784,82788,82802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82747,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82749,1594],{"class":65},[56,82751,1217],{"class":827},[56,82753,1220],{"class":76},[56,82755,529],{"class":80},[56,82757,306],{"class":76},[56,82759,414],{"class":80},[56,82761,306],{"class":76},[56,82763,419],{"class":80},[56,82765,427],{"class":76},[56,82767,82768,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82769,2775],{"class":65},[56,82771,1217],{"class":827},[56,82773,80511],{"class":72},[56,82775,77],{"class":76},[56,82777,3988],{"class":378},[56,82779,306],{"class":76},[56,82781,4804],{"class":95},[56,82783,99],{"class":76},[56,82785,82786],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82787,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,82789,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798,82800],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,82791,373],{"class":72},[56,82793,77],{"class":76},[56,82795,379],{"class":378},[56,82797,77],{"class":76},[56,82799,2809],{"class":95},[56,82801,1635],{"class":76},[56,82803,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,82805,373],{"class":72},[56,82807,77],{"class":76},[56,82809,379],{"class":378},[56,82811,77],{"class":76},[56,82813,2809],{"class":95},[56,82815,1635],{"class":76},[20,82817,82818],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82820,82821],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[42,82823,68393],{"id":68392},[20,82825,2211,82826,2214],{},[15,82827,40227],{},[47,82829,82831],{"className":49,"code":82830,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82832,82833,82843,82857,82871,82883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82834,82835,82837,82839,82841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82836,373],{"class":72},[56,82838,77],{"class":76},[56,82840,2809],{"class":95},[56,82842,99],{"class":76},[56,82844,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,82846,373],{"class":72},[56,82848,77],{"class":76},[56,82850,379],{"class":378},[56,82852,77],{"class":76},[56,82854,2809],{"class":95},[56,82856,1635],{"class":76},[56,82858,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82860,373],{"class":72},[56,82862,77],{"class":76},[56,82864,2312],{"class":378},[56,82866,77],{"class":76},[56,82868,2809],{"class":95},[56,82870,1635],{"class":76},[56,82872,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,82874,31],{"class":62},[56,82876,1383],{"class":65},[56,82878,69],{"class":62},[56,82880,81705],{"class":65},[56,82882,1390],{"class":76},[56,82884,82885,82887,82889,82891],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,82886,90],{"class":72},[56,82888,77],{"class":76},[56,82890,1399],{"class":95},[56,82892,99],{"class":76},[20,82894,13206],{},[173,82896,82897,82902,82907,82913],{},[176,82898,82899,82901],{},[15,82900,33557],{}," shows that you have a map object",[176,82903,82904,82906],{},[15,82905,33565],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[176,82908,82909,82912],{},[15,82910,82911],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[176,82914,82915,82916,82918],{},"looping over ",[15,82917,2809],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82920,82921,82922,82925,82926,82928],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82923,82924],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82927,31],{}," loop consume the map object.",[42,82930,2343],{"id":2342},[353,82932,2347,82934,82936],{"id":82933},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82935,40227],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82938,82939,82940,82942,82943,2398],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82941,40227],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82944,82945],{},"list(map(...))",[353,82947,2385,82949,82951,82952,82954],{"id":82948},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82950,40227],{}," better than a ",[15,82953,31],{}," loop?",[20,82956,82957,82958,82960,82961,82963],{},"Not always. ",[15,82959,40227],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82962,31],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[353,82965,2372,82967,82969],{"id":82966},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82968,40227],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82971,82972],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[353,82974,82976],{"id":82975},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82978,82979],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[42,82981,2417],{"id":2416},[173,82983,82984,82990,82996,83000,83004],{},[176,82985,82986],{},[264,82987,13,82988,2430],{"href":40596},[15,82989,38088],{},[176,82991,82992],{},[264,82993,13,82994,2430],{"href":65346},[15,82995,1518],{},[176,82997,82998],{},[264,82999,5760],{"href":5671},[176,83001,83002],{},[264,83003,5765],{"href":4933},[176,83005,83006],{},[264,83007,5755],{"href":5675},[2451,83009,83010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":83012},[83013,83014,83016,83017,83018,83020,83025,83032,83034,83041,83042,83051],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":80590,"depth":87,"text":83015},"What map() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":80909,"depth":87,"text":83019},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81092,"depth":87,"text":83021,"children":83022},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[83023],{"id":81280,"depth":102,"text":83024},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81437,"depth":87,"text":83026,"children":83027},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[83028,83030,83031],{"id":81455,"depth":102,"text":83029},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81646,"depth":102,"text":81647},{"id":81739,"depth":102,"text":81740},{"id":82000,"depth":87,"text":83033},"When to use map()",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":83035},[83036,83038,83039,83040],{"id":82309,"depth":102,"text":83037},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82398,"depth":102,"text":82399},{"id":82519,"depth":102,"text":82520},{"id":82738,"depth":102,"text":82739},{"id":68392,"depth":87,"text":68393},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":83043},[83044,83046,83048,83050],{"id":82933,"depth":102,"text":83045},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82948,"depth":102,"text":83047},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82966,"depth":102,"text":83049},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82975,"depth":102,"text":82976},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80422,"description":83052},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":83059,"title":83060,"body":83061,"description":85081,"extension":2509,"meta":85082,"navigation":105,"path":85083,"seo":85084,"stem":85085,"__hash__":85086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83062,"toc":85039},[83063,83069,83074,83077,83085,83088,83090,83214,83216,83234,83236,83256,83261,83265,83279,83282,83285,83287,83292,83404,83407,83425,83431,83434,83496,83498,83507,83510,83524,83526,83574,83576,83585,83595,83601,83604,83631,83633,83641,83644,83647,83717,83719,83727,83730,83735,83740,83791,83793,83801,83804,83806,83823,83825,83877,83880,83886,83890,83895,83898,83902,83961,83963,83972,83978,83987,83991,84054,84056,84064,84069,84073,84078,84158,84160,84169,84176,84181,84186,84189,84224,84226,84234,84237,84243,84245,84295,84297,84306,84309,84327,84329,84334,84340,84347,84374,84376,84399,84404,84439,84444,84450,84455,84498,84501,84504,84543,84550,84556,84561,84576,84580,84587,84590,84594,84599,84603,84608,84610,84671,84673,84702,84707,84714,84723,84725,84728,84753,84755,84858,84861,84879,84888,84890,84895,84898,84904,84907,84909,84919,84925,84929,84987,84994,85002,85004,85036],[10,83064,13,83066,18],{"id":83065},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83067,83068],{},"max()",[20,83070,9654,83071,83073],{},[15,83072,83068],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83075,83076],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[173,83078,83079,83082],{},[176,83080,83081],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[176,83083,83084],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83086,83087],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[42,83089,45],{"id":44},[47,83091,83093],{"className":49,"code":83092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83094,83095,83119,83134,83138,83164,83168,83200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83096,83097,83099,83101,83103,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83098,1594],{"class":65},[56,83100,1217],{"class":827},[56,83102,1220],{"class":76},[56,83104,223],{"class":80},[56,83106,306],{"class":76},[56,83108,2272],{"class":80},[56,83110,306],{"class":76},[56,83112,414],{"class":80},[56,83114,306],{"class":76},[56,83116,496],{"class":80},[56,83118,427],{"class":76},[56,83120,83121,83123,83125,83128,83130,83132],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83122,373],{"class":72},[56,83124,77],{"class":76},[56,83126,83127],{"class":72},"max",[56,83129,77],{"class":76},[56,83131,1618],{"class":95},[56,83133,1635],{"class":76},[56,83135,83136],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83137,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,83139,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,83141,373],{"class":72},[56,83143,77],{"class":76},[56,83145,83127],{"class":72},[56,83147,77],{"class":76},[56,83149,223],{"class":80},[56,83151,306],{"class":76},[56,83153,2272],{"class":80},[56,83155,306],{"class":76},[56,83157,414],{"class":80},[56,83159,306],{"class":76},[56,83161,496],{"class":80},[56,83163,1635],{"class":76},[56,83165,83166],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,83167,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,83169,83170,83172,83174,83176,83178,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,83171,4610],{"class":65},[56,83173,1217],{"class":827},[56,83175,1220],{"class":76},[56,83177,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83179,4619],{"class":1020},[56,83181,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83183,306],{"class":76},[56,83185,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83187,4628],{"class":1020},[56,83189,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83191,306],{"class":76},[56,83193,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83195,79234],{"class":1020},[56,83197,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83199,427],{"class":76},[56,83201,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,83203,373],{"class":72},[56,83205,77],{"class":76},[56,83207,83127],{"class":72},[56,83209,77],{"class":76},[56,83211,4654],{"class":95},[56,83213,1635],{"class":76},[20,83215,239],{},[47,83217,83219],{"className":49,"code":83218,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83220,83221,83225,83229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83222,83223],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83224,2926],{"class":80},[56,83226,83227],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83228,2926],{"class":80},[56,83230,83231],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83232,83233],{"class":65},"pear\n",[20,83235,20492],{},[173,83237,83238,83244,83250],{},[176,83239,83240,83243],{},[15,83241,83242],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[176,83245,83246,83249],{},[15,83247,83248],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[176,83251,83252,83255],{},[15,83253,83254],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[42,83257,160,83259,163],{"id":83258},"what-max-does",[15,83260,83068],{},[20,83262,83263,1045],{},[15,83264,83068],{},[173,83266,83267,83270,83273,83276],{},[176,83268,83269],{},"Returns the largest item",[176,83271,83272],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[176,83274,83275],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[176,83277,83278],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83280,83281],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83283,83284],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[42,83286,2702],{"id":2701},[20,83288,83289,83290,1045],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83291,83068],{},[47,83293,83295],{"className":49,"code":83294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83296,83297,83307,83331,83353,83376],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83298,83299,83301,83303,83305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83300,83127],{"class":72},[56,83302,77],{"class":76},[56,83304,4261],{"class":95},[56,83306,99],{"class":76},[56,83308,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317,83320,83322,83324,83326,83329],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83310,83127],{"class":72},[56,83312,77],{"class":76},[56,83314,4261],{"class":95},[56,83316,306],{"class":76},[56,83318,83319],{"class":827}," *",[56,83321,306],{"class":76},[56,83323,22115],{"class":9707},[56,83325,1217],{"class":827},[56,83327,83328],{"class":95},"func",[56,83330,99],{"class":76},[56,83332,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83334,83127],{"class":72},[56,83336,77],{"class":76},[56,83338,4261],{"class":95},[56,83340,306],{"class":76},[56,83342,83319],{"class":827},[56,83344,306],{"class":76},[56,83346,27053],{"class":9707},[56,83348,1217],{"class":827},[56,83350,3017],{"class":95},[56,83352,99],{"class":76},[56,83354,83355,83357,83359,83362,83364,83367,83369,83371,83374],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,83356,83127],{"class":72},[56,83358,77],{"class":76},[56,83360,83361],{"class":95},"arg1",[56,83363,306],{"class":76},[56,83365,83366],{"class":95}," arg2",[56,83368,306],{"class":76},[56,83370,83319],{"class":827},[56,83372,83373],{"class":95},"args",[56,83375,99],{"class":76},[56,83377,83378,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396,83398,83400,83402],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,83379,83127],{"class":72},[56,83381,77],{"class":76},[56,83383,83361],{"class":95},[56,83385,306],{"class":76},[56,83387,83366],{"class":95},[56,83389,306],{"class":76},[56,83391,83319],{"class":827},[56,83393,83373],{"class":95},[56,83395,306],{"class":76},[56,83397,22115],{"class":9707},[56,83399,1217],{"class":827},[56,83401,83328],{"class":95},[56,83403,99],{"class":76},[20,83405,83406],{},"The most important parts are:",[173,83408,83409,83414,83419],{},[176,83410,83411,83413],{},[15,83412,4261],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[176,83415,83416,83418],{},[15,83417,15376],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[176,83420,83421,83424],{},[15,83422,83423],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[42,83426,958,83428,83430],{"id":83427},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83429,83068],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83432,83433],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[47,83435,83437],{"className":49,"code":83436,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83438,83439,83465,83481,83485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83440,83441,83443,83445,83447,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83442,5603],{"class":65},[56,83444,1217],{"class":827},[56,83446,1220],{"class":76},[56,83448,83449],{"class":80},"72",[56,83451,306],{"class":76},[56,83453,52011],{"class":80},[56,83455,306],{"class":76},[56,83457,14041],{"class":80},[56,83459,306],{"class":76},[56,83461,83462],{"class":80}," 66",[56,83464,427],{"class":76},[56,83466,83467,83470,83472,83475,83477,83479],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83468,83469],{"class":65},"highest_score ",[56,83471,1217],{"class":827},[56,83473,83474],{"class":72}," max",[56,83476,77],{"class":76},[56,83478,16924],{"class":95},[56,83480,99],{"class":76},[56,83482,83483],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83484,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,83486,83487,83489,83491,83494],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,83488,373],{"class":72},[56,83490,77],{"class":76},[56,83492,83493],{"class":95},"highest_score",[56,83495,99],{"class":76},[20,83497,239],{},[47,83499,83501],{"className":49,"code":83500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"91\n",[15,83502,83503],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83504,83505],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83506,83500],{"class":80},[20,83508,83509],{},"This works well for:",[173,83511,83512,83515,83518,83521],{},[176,83513,83514],{},"Scores",[176,83516,83517],{},"Prices",[176,83519,83520],{},"Ages",[176,83522,83523],{},"Counts",[20,83525,52581],{},[47,83527,83529],{"className":49,"code":83528,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83530,83531,83559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83532,83533,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544,83547,83549,83552,83554,83557],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83534,83535],{"class":65},"prices ",[56,83537,1217],{"class":827},[56,83539,1220],{"class":76},[56,83541,40909],{"class":80},[56,83543,306],{"class":76},[56,83545,83546],{"class":80}," 5.50",[56,83548,306],{"class":76},[56,83550,83551],{"class":80}," 12.75",[56,83553,306],{"class":76},[56,83555,83556],{"class":80}," 29.00",[56,83558,427],{"class":76},[56,83560,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83572],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83562,373],{"class":72},[56,83564,77],{"class":76},[56,83566,83127],{"class":72},[56,83568,77],{"class":76},[56,83570,83571],{"class":95},"prices",[56,83573,1635],{"class":76},[20,83575,239],{},[47,83577,83579],{"className":49,"code":83578,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"29.0\n",[15,83580,83581],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83582,83583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83584,83578],{"class":80},[20,83586,83587,83588,83590,83591,156],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83589,83068],{}," is simpler than ",[264,83592,83593],{"href":75017},[15,83594,74920],{},[42,83596,958,83598,83600],{"id":83597},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83599,83068],{}," with separate values",[20,83602,83603],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[47,83605,83607],{"className":49,"code":83606,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83608,83609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83610,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83612,373],{"class":72},[56,83614,77],{"class":76},[56,83616,83127],{"class":72},[56,83618,77],{"class":76},[56,83620,1603],{"class":80},[56,83622,306],{"class":76},[56,83624,31473],{"class":80},[56,83626,306],{"class":76},[56,83628,566],{"class":80},[56,83630,1635],{"class":76},[20,83632,239],{},[47,83634,83635],{"className":49,"code":2770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83636,83637],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83638,83639],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83640,2770],{"class":80},[20,83642,83643],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83645,83646],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[47,83648,83650],{"className":49,"code":83649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83651,83652,83661,83669,83679,83683,83706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83653,83654,83656,83658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83655,3098],{"class":65},[56,83657,1217],{"class":827},[56,83659,83660],{"class":80}," 15\n",[56,83662,83663,83665,83667],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83664,3125],{"class":65},[56,83666,1217],{"class":827},[56,83668,3312],{"class":80},[56,83670,83671,83674,83676],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83672,83673],{"class":65},"c ",[56,83675,1217],{"class":827},[56,83677,83678],{"class":80}," 27\n",[56,83680,83681],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,83682,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,83684,83685,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,83686,83687],{"class":65},"largest ",[56,83689,1217],{"class":827},[56,83691,83474],{"class":72},[56,83693,77],{"class":76},[56,83695,264],{"class":95},[56,83697,306],{"class":76},[56,83699,3103],{"class":95},[56,83701,306],{"class":76},[56,83703,10214],{"class":95},[56,83705,99],{"class":76},[56,83707,83708,83710,83712,83715],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,83709,373],{"class":72},[56,83711,77],{"class":76},[56,83713,83714],{"class":95},"largest",[56,83716,99],{"class":76},[20,83718,239],{},[47,83720,83721],{"className":49,"code":47118,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83722,83723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83724,83725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83726,47118],{"class":80},[20,83728,83729],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[42,83731,958,83733,47564],{"id":83732},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83734,83068],{},[20,83736,83737,83739],{},[15,83738,83068],{}," can compare strings too.",[47,83741,83743],{"className":49,"code":83742,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83744,83745,83777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83746,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83748,4610],{"class":65},[56,83750,1217],{"class":827},[56,83752,1220],{"class":76},[56,83754,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83756,4619],{"class":1020},[56,83758,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83760,306],{"class":76},[56,83762,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83764,4628],{"class":1020},[56,83766,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83768,306],{"class":76},[56,83770,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83772,79234],{"class":1020},[56,83774,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83776,427],{"class":76},[56,83778,83779,83781,83783,83785,83787,83789],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83780,373],{"class":72},[56,83782,77],{"class":76},[56,83784,83127],{"class":72},[56,83786,77],{"class":76},[56,83788,4654],{"class":95},[56,83790,1635],{"class":76},[20,83792,239],{},[47,83794,83795],{"className":49,"code":83233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83796,83797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83798,83799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83800,83233],{"class":65},[20,83802,83803],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83805,68781],{},[173,83807,83808,83817,83820],{},[176,83809,83810,83813,83814,83816],{},[15,83811,83812],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83815,65772],{}," alphabetically",[176,83818,83819],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[176,83821,83822],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83824,986],{},[47,83826,83828],{"className":49,"code":83827,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83829,83830,83863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83831,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83833,4610],{"class":65},[56,83835,1217],{"class":827},[56,83837,1220],{"class":76},[56,83839,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83841,4619],{"class":1020},[56,83843,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83845,306],{"class":76},[56,83847,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83849,83850],{"class":1020},"Banana",[56,83852,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83854,306],{"class":76},[56,83856,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83858,79234],{"class":1020},[56,83860,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83862,427],{"class":76},[56,83864,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83866,373],{"class":72},[56,83868,77],{"class":76},[56,83870,83127],{"class":72},[56,83872,77],{"class":76},[56,83874,4654],{"class":95},[56,83876,1635],{"class":76},[20,83878,83879],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83881,83882,83883,83885],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83884,15376],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[42,83887,37126,83888,37129],{"id":79192},[15,83889,15376],{},[20,83891,2526,83892,83894],{},[15,83893,15376],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83896,83897],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[353,83899,83901],{"id":83900},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[47,83903,83905],{"className":49,"code":83904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83906,83907,83939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83908,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931,83933,83935,83937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83910,4610],{"class":65},[56,83912,1217],{"class":827},[56,83914,1220],{"class":76},[56,83916,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83918,37561],{"class":1020},[56,83920,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83922,306],{"class":76},[56,83924,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83926,68824],{"class":1020},[56,83928,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83930,306],{"class":76},[56,83932,1231],{"class":1016},[56,83934,58627],{"class":1020},[56,83936,1017],{"class":1016},[56,83938,427],{"class":76},[56,83940,83941,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,83942,373],{"class":72},[56,83944,77],{"class":76},[56,83946,83127],{"class":72},[56,83948,77],{"class":76},[56,83950,4654],{"class":95},[56,83952,306],{"class":76},[56,83954,22115],{"class":9707},[56,83956,1217],{"class":827},[56,83958,1266],{"class":72},[56,83960,1635],{"class":76},[20,83962,239],{},[47,83964,83966],{"className":49,"code":83965,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"elephant\n",[15,83967,83968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83969,83970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83971,83965],{"class":65},[20,83973,21306,83974,83977],{},[15,83975,83976],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83979,83980,83981,34157,83983,156],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83982,1331],{},[264,83984,83985,6322],{"href":1328},[15,83986,1331],{},[353,83988,83990],{"id":83989},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[47,83992,83994],{"className":49,"code":83993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83995,83996,84028],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83997,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008,84010,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83999,4610],{"class":65},[56,84001,1217],{"class":827},[56,84003,1220],{"class":76},[56,84005,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84007,4619],{"class":1020},[56,84009,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84011,306],{"class":76},[56,84013,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84015,83850],{"class":1020},[56,84017,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84019,306],{"class":76},[56,84021,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84023,79234],{"class":1020},[56,84025,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84027,427],{"class":76},[56,84029,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84031,373],{"class":72},[56,84033,77],{"class":76},[56,84035,83127],{"class":72},[56,84037,77],{"class":76},[56,84039,4654],{"class":95},[56,84041,306],{"class":76},[56,84043,22115],{"class":9707},[56,84045,1217],{"class":827},[56,84047,3988],{"class":378},[56,84049,156],{"class":76},[56,84051,9171],{"class":25284},[56,84053,1635],{"class":76},[20,84055,239],{},[47,84057,84058],{"className":49,"code":83233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,84059,84060],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84061,84062],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84063,83233],{"class":65},[20,84065,21306,84066,84068],{},[15,84067,79188],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[353,84070,84072],{"id":84071},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84074,84075,84076,1045],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84077,38171],{},[47,84079,84081],{"className":49,"code":84080,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84082,84083,84126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84084,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84104,84106,84108,84110,84113,84115,84117,84119,84122,84124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84086,1214],{"class":65},[56,84088,1217],{"class":827},[56,84090,1220],{"class":76},[56,84092,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84094,264],{"class":1020},[56,84096,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84098,306],{"class":76},[56,84100,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84102,84103],{"class":1020},"bb",[56,84105,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84107,306],{"class":76},[56,84109,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84111,84112],{"class":1020},"cccc",[56,84114,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84116,306],{"class":76},[56,84118,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84120,84121],{"class":1020},"ddd",[56,84123,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84125,427],{"class":76},[56,84127,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84129,373],{"class":72},[56,84131,77],{"class":76},[56,84133,83127],{"class":72},[56,84135,77],{"class":76},[56,84137,1271],{"class":95},[56,84139,306],{"class":76},[56,84141,22115],{"class":9707},[56,84143,1217],{"class":827},[56,84145,38171],{"class":2610},[56,84147,43348],{"class":38174},[56,84149,1045],{"class":76},[56,84151,38897],{"class":72},[56,84153,77],{"class":76},[56,84155,35238],{"class":95},[56,84157,390],{"class":76},[20,84159,239],{},[47,84161,84163],{"className":49,"code":84162,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cccc\n",[15,84164,84165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84166,84167],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84168,84162],{"class":65},[20,84170,50053,84171,4935,84173,84175],{},[15,84172,83976],{},[15,84174,79075],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[42,84177,37126,84179,37129],{"id":84178},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84180,83423],{},[20,84182,2526,84183,84185],{},[15,84184,83423],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84187,84188],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[47,84190,84192],{"className":49,"code":84191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84193,84194,84202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84195,84196,84198,84200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84197,1594],{"class":65},[56,84199,1217],{"class":827},[56,84201,8371],{"class":76},[56,84203,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84205,373],{"class":72},[56,84207,77],{"class":76},[56,84209,83127],{"class":72},[56,84211,77],{"class":76},[56,84213,1618],{"class":95},[56,84215,306],{"class":76},[56,84217,27053],{"class":9707},[56,84219,1217],{"class":827},[56,84221,152],{"class":80},[56,84223,1635],{"class":76},[20,84225,239],{},[47,84227,84228],{"className":49,"code":249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,84229,84230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84231,84232],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84233,249],{"class":80},[20,84235,84236],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84238,84239,84240,84242],{},"Without ",[15,84241,83423],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84244,52581],{},[47,84246,84248],{"className":49,"code":84247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84249,84250,84258,84285],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84251,84252,84254,84256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84253,4610],{"class":65},[56,84255,1217],{"class":827},[56,84257,8371],{"class":76},[56,84259,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84281,84283],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84261,2775],{"class":65},[56,84263,1217],{"class":827},[56,84265,83474],{"class":72},[56,84267,77],{"class":76},[56,84269,4654],{"class":95},[56,84271,306],{"class":76},[56,84273,27053],{"class":9707},[56,84275,1217],{"class":827},[56,84277,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84279,84280],{"class":1020},"no words found",[56,84282,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84284,99],{"class":76},[56,84286,84287,84289,84291,84293],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,84288,373],{"class":72},[56,84290,77],{"class":76},[56,84292,2809],{"class":95},[56,84294,99],{"class":76},[20,84296,239],{},[47,84298,84300],{"className":49,"code":84299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"no words found\n",[15,84301,84302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84303,84304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84305,84299],{"class":65},[20,84307,84308],{},"Important:",[173,84310,84311,84319],{},[176,84312,84313,84315,84316],{},[15,84314,83423],{}," works with ",[15,84317,84318],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[176,84320,41416,84321,84323,84324],{},[37,84322,5170],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84325,84326],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[42,84328,48491],{"id":48490},[20,84330,84331,84332,156],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84333,83068],{},[353,84335,84337,84339],{"id":84336},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84338,953],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84341,84342,84343,46414,84345,156],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84344,83423],{},[15,84346,953],{},[47,84348,84350],{"className":49,"code":84349,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84351,84352,84360],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84353,84354,84356,84358],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84355,1594],{"class":65},[56,84357,1217],{"class":827},[56,84359,8371],{"class":76},[56,84361,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84363,373],{"class":72},[56,84365,77],{"class":76},[56,84367,83127],{"class":72},[56,84369,77],{"class":76},[56,84371,1618],{"class":95},[56,84373,1635],{"class":76},[20,84375,30210],{},[47,84377,84379],{"className":49,"code":84378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84380,84381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84382,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84394,84396],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84384,953],{"class":378},[56,84386,1045],{"class":76},[56,84388,83474],{"class":72},[56,84390,7898],{"class":76},[56,84392,84393],{"class":65}," arg ",[56,84395,1176],{"class":827},[56,84397,84398],{"class":65}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84400,84401,84402,1045],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84403,83423],{},[47,84405,84407],{"className":49,"code":84406,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84408,84409,84417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84410,84411,84413,84415],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84412,1594],{"class":65},[56,84414,1217],{"class":827},[56,84416,8371],{"class":76},[56,84418,84419,84421,84423,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84420,373],{"class":72},[56,84422,77],{"class":76},[56,84424,83127],{"class":72},[56,84426,77],{"class":76},[56,84428,1618],{"class":95},[56,84430,306],{"class":76},[56,84432,27053],{"class":9707},[56,84434,1217],{"class":827},[56,84436,4319],{"class":4393},[56,84438,1635],{"class":76},[20,84440,84441,84442,156],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[264,84443,66337],{"href":73374},[353,84445,84447,84449],{"id":84446},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84448,3547],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84451,84452,84453,156],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84454,3547],{},[47,84456,84458],{"className":49,"code":84457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84459,84460,84484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84461,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84463,1214],{"class":65},[56,84465,1217],{"class":827},[56,84467,1220],{"class":76},[56,84469,2291],{"class":80},[56,84471,306],{"class":76},[56,84473,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84475,16289],{"class":1020},[56,84477,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84479,306],{"class":76},[56,84481,8328],{"class":80},[56,84483,427],{"class":76},[56,84485,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84487,373],{"class":72},[56,84489,77],{"class":76},[56,84491,83127],{"class":72},[56,84493,77],{"class":76},[56,84495,1271],{"class":95},[56,84497,1635],{"class":76},[20,84499,84500],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84502,84503],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[47,84505,84507],{"className":49,"code":84506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84508,84509,84529],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84510,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84512,1214],{"class":65},[56,84514,1217],{"class":827},[56,84516,1220],{"class":76},[56,84518,2291],{"class":80},[56,84520,306],{"class":76},[56,84522,8323],{"class":80},[56,84524,306],{"class":76},[56,84526,8328],{"class":80},[56,84528,427],{"class":76},[56,84530,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84532,373],{"class":72},[56,84534,77],{"class":76},[56,84536,83127],{"class":72},[56,84538,77],{"class":76},[56,84540,1271],{"class":95},[56,84542,1635],{"class":76},[20,84544,84545,84546,156],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[264,84547,84549],{"href":84548},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[353,84551,84553,84555],{"id":84552},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84554,3547],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84557,84558,84560],{},[15,84559,83068],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[47,84562,84564],{"className":49,"code":84563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(max())\n",[15,84565,84566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84567,84568,84570,84572,84574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84569,373],{"class":72},[56,84571,77],{"class":76},[56,84573,83127],{"class":72},[56,84575,7726],{"class":76},[20,84577,3544,84578,156],{},[15,84579,3547],{},[42,84581,84583,1682,84585],{"id":84582},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84584,83068],{},[15,84586,74920],{},[20,84588,84589],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84591,84592,1045],{},[15,84593,83068],{},[173,84595,84596],{},[176,84597,84598],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84600,84601,1045],{},[15,84602,74920],{},[173,84604,84605],{},[176,84606,84607],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84609,986],{},[47,84611,84613],{"className":49,"code":84612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84614,84615,84639,84643,84657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84616,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84618,1594],{"class":65},[56,84620,1217],{"class":827},[56,84622,1220],{"class":76},[56,84624,223],{"class":80},[56,84626,306],{"class":76},[56,84628,2272],{"class":80},[56,84630,306],{"class":76},[56,84632,414],{"class":80},[56,84634,306],{"class":76},[56,84636,496],{"class":80},[56,84638,427],{"class":76},[56,84640,84641],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84642,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,84644,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,84646,373],{"class":72},[56,84648,77],{"class":76},[56,84650,83127],{"class":72},[56,84652,77],{"class":76},[56,84654,1618],{"class":95},[56,84656,1635],{"class":76},[56,84658,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667,84669],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,84660,373],{"class":72},[56,84662,77],{"class":76},[56,84664,75010],{"class":72},[56,84666,77],{"class":76},[56,84668,1618],{"class":95},[56,84670,1635],{"class":76},[20,84672,239],{},[47,84674,84676],{"className":49,"code":84675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84677,84678,84682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84679,84680],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84681,2926],{"class":80},[56,84683,84684,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84685,402],{"class":76},[56,84687,463],{"class":80},[56,84689,306],{"class":76},[56,84691,419],{"class":80},[56,84693,306],{"class":76},[56,84695,496],{"class":80},[56,84697,306],{"class":76},[56,84699,2272],{"class":80},[56,84701,427],{"class":76},[20,84703,2638,84704,84706],{},[15,84705,83068],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84708,2638,84709,84713],{},[264,84710,84711],{"href":75017},[15,84712,74920],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84715,84716,84717,156],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[264,84718,84720],{"href":84719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84721,84722],{},"min()",[42,84724,3374],{"id":3373},[20,84726,84727],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[173,84729,84730,84737,84740,84745,84748],{},[176,84731,30179,84732,84734,84735],{},[15,84733,83068],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84736,83423],{},[176,84738,84739],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[176,84741,8983,84742,84744],{},[15,84743,83068],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[176,84746,84747],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[176,84749,958,84750,84752],{},[15,84751,83423],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84754,11645],{},[47,84756,84758],{"className":49,"code":84757,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84759,84760,84770,84784,84798,84812,84834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84761,84762,84764,84766,84768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84763,373],{"class":72},[56,84765,77],{"class":76},[56,84767,1271],{"class":95},[56,84769,99],{"class":76},[56,84771,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84773,373],{"class":72},[56,84775,77],{"class":76},[56,84777,2312],{"class":378},[56,84779,77],{"class":76},[56,84781,1271],{"class":95},[56,84783,1635],{"class":76},[56,84785,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,84787,373],{"class":72},[56,84789,77],{"class":76},[56,84791,1266],{"class":72},[56,84793,77],{"class":76},[56,84795,1271],{"class":95},[56,84797,1635],{"class":76},[56,84799,84800,84802,84804,84806,84808,84810],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,84801,373],{"class":72},[56,84803,77],{"class":76},[56,84805,83127],{"class":72},[56,84807,77],{"class":76},[56,84809,1271],{"class":95},[56,84811,1635],{"class":76},[56,84813,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,84815,373],{"class":72},[56,84817,77],{"class":76},[56,84819,83127],{"class":72},[56,84821,77],{"class":76},[56,84823,1271],{"class":95},[56,84825,306],{"class":76},[56,84827,27053],{"class":9707},[56,84829,1217],{"class":827},[56,84831,4319],{"class":4393},[56,84833,1635],{"class":76},[56,84835,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,84837,373],{"class":72},[56,84839,3528],{"class":76},[56,84841,2312],{"class":378},[56,84843,77],{"class":76},[56,84845,2719],{"class":95},[56,84847,4202],{"class":76},[56,84849,4418],{"class":62},[56,84851,4421],{"class":95},[56,84853,69],{"class":62},[56,84855,1287],{"class":95},[56,84857,1294],{"class":76},[20,84859,84860],{},"These are useful for checking:",[173,84862,84863,84868,84873,84876],{},[176,84864,84865,84866],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84867,1271],{},[176,84869,80240,84870,84872],{},[15,84871,1271],{}," is a list or some other type",[176,84874,84875],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[176,84877,84878],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84880,69845,84881,84884,84885,84887],{},[15,84882,84883],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84886,1271],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[42,84889,2343],{"id":2342},[353,84891,5682,84893,5685],{"id":84892},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84894,83068],{},[20,84896,84897],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[353,84899,2372,84901,84903],{"id":84900},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84902,83068],{}," work with strings?",[20,84905,84906],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[353,84908,72142],{"id":72141},[20,84910,84911,52996,84913,84915,84916,84918],{},[15,84912,83068],{},[15,84914,953],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84917,83423],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[353,84920,84922,84923,2363],{"id":84921},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84924,83068],{},[20,84926,2638,84927,1045],{},[15,84928,83976],{},[47,84930,84931],{"className":49,"code":83904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,84932,84933,84965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84934,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84936,4610],{"class":65},[56,84938,1217],{"class":827},[56,84940,1220],{"class":76},[56,84942,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84944,37561],{"class":1020},[56,84946,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84948,306],{"class":76},[56,84950,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84952,68824],{"class":1020},[56,84954,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84956,306],{"class":76},[56,84958,1231],{"class":1016},[56,84960,58627],{"class":1020},[56,84962,1017],{"class":1016},[56,84964,427],{"class":76},[56,84966,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,84968,373],{"class":72},[56,84970,77],{"class":76},[56,84972,83127],{"class":72},[56,84974,77],{"class":76},[56,84976,4654],{"class":95},[56,84978,306],{"class":76},[56,84980,22115],{"class":9707},[56,84982,1217],{"class":827},[56,84984,1266],{"class":72},[56,84986,1635],{"class":76},[353,84988,5718,84990,4935,84992,2363],{"id":84989},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84991,83068],{},[15,84993,74920],{},[20,84995,84996,84998,84999,85001],{},[15,84997,83068],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":85040},[85041,85042,85044,85045,85047,85049,85051,85056,85058,85066,85068,85069,85080],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":83258,"depth":87,"text":85043},"What max() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":83427,"depth":87,"text":85046},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83597,"depth":87,"text":85048},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83732,"depth":87,"text":85050},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79192,"depth":87,"text":80389,"children":85052},[85053,85054,85055],{"id":83900,"depth":102,"text":83901},{"id":83989,"depth":102,"text":83990},{"id":84071,"depth":102,"text":84072},{"id":84178,"depth":87,"text":85057},"Using the default argument",{"id":48490,"depth":87,"text":48491,"children":85059},[85060,85062,85064],{"id":84336,"depth":102,"text":85061},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84446,"depth":102,"text":85063},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84552,"depth":102,"text":85065},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84582,"depth":87,"text":85067},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":85070},[85071,85073,85075,85076,85078],{"id":84892,"depth":102,"text":85072},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84900,"depth":102,"text":85074},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72141,"depth":102,"text":72142},{"id":84921,"depth":102,"text":85077},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84989,"depth":102,"text":85079},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83060,"description":85081},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85088,"title":85089,"body":85090,"description":87044,"extension":2509,"meta":87045,"navigation":105,"path":87046,"seo":87047,"stem":87048,"__hash__":87049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85091,"toc":87001},[85092,85097,85102,85108,85110,85184,85186,85199,85204,85209,85225,85229,85234,85310,85316,85319,85362,85364,85372,85378,85381,85412,85414,85422,85428,85433,85492,85494,85503,85506,85516,85522,85527,85562,85564,85572,85578,85584,85589,85633,85635,85644,85647,85687,85689,85698,85701,85713,85718,85723,85774,85776,85785,85788,85839,85841,85850,85853,85860,85866,85871,85873,85888,85892,85952,85954,85963,85967,86139,86141,86178,86185,86191,86194,86221,86223,86244,86249,86284,86286,86294,86297,86300,86316,86321,86323,86327,86333,86337,86364,86367,86377,86417,86421,86424,86467,86469,86478,86481,86486,86555,86557,86565,86570,86574,86577,86628,86630,86638,86641,86704,86706,86714,86717,86722,86726,86739,86746,86754,86756,86758,86788,86794,86895,86905,86907,86912,86915,86920,86923,86925,86933,86941,86949,86956,86964,86966,86998],[10,85093,13,85095,18],{"id":85094},"python-min-function-explained",[15,85096,84722],{},[20,85098,85099,85101],{},[15,85100,84722],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85103,85104,85105,85107],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85106,84722],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[42,85109,45],{"id":44},[47,85111,85113],{"className":49,"code":85112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85114,85115,85139,85154,85158],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85116,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85118,1594],{"class":65},[56,85120,1217],{"class":827},[56,85122,1220],{"class":76},[56,85124,81],{"class":80},[56,85126,306],{"class":76},[56,85128,414],{"class":80},[56,85130,306],{"class":76},[56,85132,571],{"class":80},[56,85134,306],{"class":76},[56,85136,409],{"class":80},[56,85138,427],{"class":76},[56,85140,85141,85143,85145,85148,85150,85152],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85142,373],{"class":72},[56,85144,77],{"class":76},[56,85146,85147],{"class":72},"min",[56,85149,77],{"class":76},[56,85151,1618],{"class":95},[56,85153,1635],{"class":76},[56,85155,85156],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,85157,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,85159,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,85161,373],{"class":72},[56,85163,77],{"class":76},[56,85165,85147],{"class":72},[56,85167,77],{"class":76},[56,85169,81],{"class":80},[56,85171,306],{"class":76},[56,85173,414],{"class":80},[56,85175,306],{"class":76},[56,85177,571],{"class":80},[56,85179,306],{"class":76},[56,85181,409],{"class":80},[56,85183,1635],{"class":76},[20,85185,239],{},[47,85187,85189],{"className":49,"code":85188,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n1\n",[15,85190,85191,85195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85192,85193],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85194,254],{"class":80},[56,85196,85197],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85198,254],{"class":80},[20,85200,2638,85201,85203],{},[15,85202,84722],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[42,85205,160,85207,163],{"id":85206},"what-min-does",[15,85208,84722],{},[173,85210,85211,85216,85219,85222],{},[176,85212,85213,85215],{},[15,85214,84722],{}," returns the smallest item",[176,85217,85218],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[176,85220,85221],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[176,85223,85224],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[42,85226,85228],{"id":85227},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85230,85231,85232,1045],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85233,84722],{},[47,85235,85237],{"className":49,"code":85236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85238,85239,85249,85274,85292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85240,85241,85243,85245,85247],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85242,85147],{"class":72},[56,85244,77],{"class":76},[56,85246,4261],{"class":95},[56,85248,99],{"class":76},[56,85250,85251,85253,85255,85258,85260,85263,85265,85268,85270,85272],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85252,85147],{"class":72},[56,85254,77],{"class":76},[56,85256,85257],{"class":95},"value1",[56,85259,306],{"class":76},[56,85261,85262],{"class":95}," value2",[56,85264,306],{"class":76},[56,85266,85267],{"class":95}," value3",[56,85269,306],{"class":76},[56,85271,34983],{"class":72},[56,85273,99],{"class":76},[56,85275,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,85277,85147],{"class":72},[56,85279,77],{"class":76},[56,85281,4261],{"class":95},[56,85283,306],{"class":76},[56,85285,22115],{"class":9707},[56,85287,1217],{"class":827},[56,85289,37885],{"class":72},[56,85291,99],{"class":76},[56,85293,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,85295,85147],{"class":72},[56,85297,77],{"class":76},[56,85299,4261],{"class":95},[56,85301,306],{"class":76},[56,85303,27053],{"class":9707},[56,85305,1217],{"class":827},[56,85307,37885],{"class":72},[56,85309,99],{"class":76},[353,85311,85313],{"id":85312},"miniterable",[15,85314,85315],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85317,85318],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[47,85320,85322],{"className":49,"code":85321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85323,85324,85348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85325,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85327,1594],{"class":65},[56,85329,1217],{"class":827},[56,85331,1220],{"class":76},[56,85333,2890],{"class":80},[56,85335,306],{"class":76},[56,85337,419],{"class":80},[56,85339,306],{"class":76},[56,85341,31473],{"class":80},[56,85343,306],{"class":76},[56,85345,409],{"class":80},[56,85347,427],{"class":76},[56,85349,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85351,373],{"class":72},[56,85353,77],{"class":76},[56,85355,85147],{"class":72},[56,85357,77],{"class":76},[56,85359,1618],{"class":95},[56,85361,1635],{"class":76},[20,85363,239],{},[47,85365,85366],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,85367,85368],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85369,85370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85371,254],{"class":80},[353,85373,85375],{"id":85374},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85376,85377],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85379,85380],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[47,85382,85384],{"className":49,"code":85383,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85385,85386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85387,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85389,373],{"class":72},[56,85391,77],{"class":76},[56,85393,85147],{"class":72},[56,85395,77],{"class":76},[56,85397,2890],{"class":80},[56,85399,306],{"class":76},[56,85401,419],{"class":80},[56,85403,306],{"class":76},[56,85405,31473],{"class":80},[56,85407,306],{"class":76},[56,85409,409],{"class":80},[56,85411,1635],{"class":76},[20,85413,239],{},[47,85415,85416],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,85417,85418],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85419,85420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85421,254],{"class":80},[353,85423,85425],{"id":85424},"miniterable-key",[15,85426,85427],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85429,2638,85430,85432],{},[15,85431,15376],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[47,85434,85436],{"className":49,"code":85435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85437,85438,85470],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85439,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85441,4610],{"class":65},[56,85443,1217],{"class":827},[56,85445,1220],{"class":76},[56,85447,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85449,79234],{"class":1020},[56,85451,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85453,306],{"class":76},[56,85455,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85457,38852],{"class":1020},[56,85459,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85461,306],{"class":76},[56,85463,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85465,4628],{"class":1020},[56,85467,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85469,427],{"class":76},[56,85471,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85473,373],{"class":72},[56,85475,77],{"class":76},[56,85477,85147],{"class":72},[56,85479,77],{"class":76},[56,85481,4654],{"class":95},[56,85483,306],{"class":76},[56,85485,22115],{"class":9707},[56,85487,1217],{"class":827},[56,85489,1266],{"class":72},[56,85491,1635],{"class":76},[20,85493,239],{},[47,85495,85497],{"className":49,"code":85496,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"kiwi\n",[15,85498,85499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85500,85501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85502,85496],{"class":65},[20,85504,85505],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85507,85508,85509,85511,85512,156],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85510,1331],{},", see the ",[264,85513,85514,2430],{"href":1328},[15,85515,1331],{},[353,85517,85519],{"id":85518},"miniterable-default",[15,85520,85521],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85523,2638,85524,85526],{},[15,85525,83423],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[47,85528,85530],{"className":49,"code":85529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85531,85532,85540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85533,85534,85536,85538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85535,1594],{"class":65},[56,85537,1217],{"class":827},[56,85539,8371],{"class":76},[56,85541,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85543,373],{"class":72},[56,85545,77],{"class":76},[56,85547,85147],{"class":72},[56,85549,77],{"class":76},[56,85551,1618],{"class":95},[56,85553,306],{"class":76},[56,85555,27053],{"class":9707},[56,85557,1217],{"class":827},[56,85559,152],{"class":80},[56,85561,1635],{"class":76},[20,85563,239],{},[47,85565,85566],{"className":49,"code":249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,85567,85568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85569,85570],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85571,249],{"class":80},[20,85573,85574,85575,85577],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85576,953],{}," when there is no item to return.",[42,85579,958,85581,85583],{"id":85580},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85582,84722],{}," with numbers",[20,85585,85586,85588],{},[15,85587,84722],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[47,85590,85592],{"className":49,"code":85591,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85593,85594,85619],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85595,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85597,5603],{"class":65},[56,85599,1217],{"class":827},[56,85601,1220],{"class":76},[56,85603,52006],{"class":80},[56,85605,306],{"class":76},[56,85607,85608],{"class":80}," 72",[56,85610,306],{"class":76},[56,85612,29437],{"class":80},[56,85614,306],{"class":76},[56,85616,76594],{"class":80},[56,85618,427],{"class":76},[56,85620,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85622,373],{"class":72},[56,85624,77],{"class":76},[56,85626,85147],{"class":72},[56,85628,77],{"class":76},[56,85630,16924],{"class":95},[56,85632,1635],{"class":76},[20,85634,239],{},[47,85636,85638],{"className":49,"code":85637,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"60\n",[15,85639,85640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85641,85642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85643,85637],{"class":80},[20,85645,85646],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[47,85648,85650],{"className":49,"code":85649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85651,85652,85673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85653,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85667,85669,85671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85655,83535],{"class":65},[56,85657,1217],{"class":827},[56,85659,1220],{"class":76},[56,85661,40909],{"class":80},[56,85663,306],{"class":76},[56,85665,85666],{"class":80}," 5.49",[56,85668,306],{"class":76},[56,85670,83551],{"class":80},[56,85672,427],{"class":76},[56,85674,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85676,373],{"class":72},[56,85678,77],{"class":76},[56,85680,85147],{"class":72},[56,85682,77],{"class":76},[56,85684,83571],{"class":95},[56,85686,1635],{"class":76},[20,85688,239],{},[47,85690,85692],{"className":49,"code":85691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.49\n",[15,85693,85694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85695,85696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85697,85691],{"class":80},[20,85699,85700],{},"This is useful for things like:",[173,85702,85703,85705,85707,85710],{},[176,85704,16924],{},[176,85706,83571],{},[176,85708,85709],{},"measurements",[176,85711,85712],{},"ages",[42,85714,958,85716,47564],{"id":85715},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85717,84722],{},[20,85719,85720,85722],{},[15,85721,84722],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[47,85724,85726],{"className":49,"code":85725,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85727,85728,85760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85729,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85731,4610],{"class":65},[56,85733,1217],{"class":827},[56,85735,1220],{"class":76},[56,85737,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85739,4628],{"class":1020},[56,85741,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85743,306],{"class":76},[56,85745,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85747,4619],{"class":1020},[56,85749,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85751,306],{"class":76},[56,85753,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85755,4637],{"class":1020},[56,85757,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85759,427],{"class":76},[56,85761,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85763,373],{"class":72},[56,85765,77],{"class":76},[56,85767,85147],{"class":72},[56,85769,77],{"class":76},[56,85771,4654],{"class":95},[56,85773,1635],{"class":76},[20,85775,239],{},[47,85777,85779],{"className":49,"code":85778,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apple\n",[15,85780,85781],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85782,85783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85784,85778],{"class":65},[20,85786,85787],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[47,85789,85791],{"className":49,"code":85790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85792,85793,85825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85794,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85796,4610],{"class":65},[56,85798,1217],{"class":827},[56,85800,1220],{"class":76},[56,85802,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85804,4628],{"class":1020},[56,85806,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85808,306],{"class":76},[56,85810,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85812,58268],{"class":1020},[56,85814,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85816,306],{"class":76},[56,85818,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85820,4637],{"class":1020},[56,85822,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85824,427],{"class":76},[56,85826,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835,85837],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85828,373],{"class":72},[56,85830,77],{"class":76},[56,85832,85147],{"class":72},[56,85834,77],{"class":76},[56,85836,4654],{"class":95},[56,85838,1635],{"class":76},[20,85840,239],{},[47,85842,85844],{"className":49,"code":85843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Apple\n",[15,85845,85846],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85847,85848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85849,85843],{"class":65},[20,85851,85852],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85854,85855,85856,156],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[264,85857,85858,6322],{"href":75017},[15,85859,74920],{},[42,85861,958,85863,85865],{"id":85862},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85864,84722],{}," with a key function",[20,85867,2526,85868,85870],{},[15,85869,15376],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85872,11991],{},[173,85874,85875,85880,85885],{},[176,85876,85877,85879],{},[15,85878,15376],{}," changes the comparison rule",[176,85881,85882,85884],{},[15,85883,84722],{}," still returns the original item",[176,85886,85887],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[353,85889,85891],{"id":85890},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[47,85893,85895],{"className":49,"code":85894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85896,85897,85930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85898,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85926,85928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85900,4610],{"class":65},[56,85902,1217],{"class":827},[56,85904,1220],{"class":76},[56,85906,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85908,68824],{"class":1020},[56,85910,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85912,306],{"class":76},[56,85914,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85916,37561],{"class":1020},[56,85918,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85920,306],{"class":76},[56,85922,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85924,85925],{"class":1020},"giraffe",[56,85927,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85929,427],{"class":76},[56,85931,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85933,373],{"class":72},[56,85935,77],{"class":76},[56,85937,85147],{"class":72},[56,85939,77],{"class":76},[56,85941,4654],{"class":95},[56,85943,306],{"class":76},[56,85945,22115],{"class":9707},[56,85947,1217],{"class":827},[56,85949,1266],{"class":72},[56,85951,1635],{"class":76},[20,85953,239],{},[47,85955,85957],{"className":49,"code":85956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cat\n",[15,85958,85959],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85960,85961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85962,85956],{"class":65},[353,85964,85966],{"id":85965},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[47,85968,85970],{"className":49,"code":85969,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85971,85972,85982,86017,86049,86081,86085,86089,86128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85973,85974,85977,85979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85975,85976],{"class":65},"students ",[56,85978,1217],{"class":827},[56,85980,85981],{"class":76}," [\n",[56,85983,85984,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86008,86010,86012,86014],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,85985,85986],{"class":76},"    {",[56,85988,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85990,8201],{"class":1020},[56,85992,1017],{"class":1016},[56,85994,1045],{"class":76},[56,85996,1231],{"class":1016},[56,85998,13414],{"class":1020},[56,86000,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86002,306],{"class":76},[56,86004,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86006,86007],{"class":1020},"score",[56,86009,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86011,1045],{"class":76},[56,86013,14041],{"class":80},[56,86015,86016],{"class":76},"},\n",[56,86018,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86020,85986],{"class":76},[56,86022,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86024,8201],{"class":1020},[56,86026,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86028,1045],{"class":76},[56,86030,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86032,36467],{"class":1020},[56,86034,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86036,306],{"class":76},[56,86038,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86040,86007],{"class":1020},[56,86042,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86044,1045],{"class":76},[56,86046,85608],{"class":80},[56,86048,86016],{"class":76},[56,86050,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077,86079],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,86052,85986],{"class":76},[56,86054,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86056,8201],{"class":1020},[56,86058,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86060,1045],{"class":76},[56,86062,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86064,36476],{"class":1020},[56,86066,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86068,306],{"class":76},[56,86070,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86072,86007],{"class":1020},[56,86074,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86076,1045],{"class":76},[56,86078,20433],{"class":80},[56,86080,9841],{"class":76},[56,86082,86083],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,86084,427],{"class":76},[56,86086,86087],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,86088,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,86090,86091,86094,86096,86099,86101,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,86092,86093],{"class":65},"lowest ",[56,86095,1217],{"class":827},[56,86097,86098],{"class":72}," min",[56,86100,77],{"class":76},[56,86102,86103],{"class":95},"students",[56,86105,306],{"class":76},[56,86107,22115],{"class":9707},[56,86109,1217],{"class":827},[56,86111,38171],{"class":2610},[56,86113,13440],{"class":38174},[56,86115,1045],{"class":76},[56,86117,13440],{"class":95},[56,86119,402],{"class":76},[56,86121,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86123,86007],{"class":1020},[56,86125,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86127,1294],{"class":76},[56,86129,86130,86132,86134,86137],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,86131,373],{"class":72},[56,86133,77],{"class":76},[56,86135,86136],{"class":95},"lowest",[56,86138,99],{"class":76},[20,86140,239],{},[47,86142,86144],{"className":49,"code":86143,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86145,86146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86147,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86149,9810],{"class":76},[56,86151,3844],{"class":1016},[56,86153,8201],{"class":1020},[56,86155,3844],{"class":1016},[56,86157,1045],{"class":76},[56,86159,3839],{"class":1016},[56,86161,36467],{"class":1020},[56,86163,3844],{"class":1016},[56,86165,306],{"class":76},[56,86167,3839],{"class":1016},[56,86169,86007],{"class":1020},[56,86171,3844],{"class":1016},[56,86173,1045],{"class":76},[56,86175,85608],{"class":80},[56,86177,9841],{"class":76},[20,86179,86180,86181,86184],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86182,86183],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[42,86186,958,86188,86190],{"id":86187},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86189,83423],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86192,86193],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[47,86195,86197],{"className":49,"code":86196,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86198,86199,86207],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86200,86201,86203,86205],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86202,1594],{"class":65},[56,86204,1217],{"class":827},[56,86206,8371],{"class":76},[56,86208,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86210,373],{"class":72},[56,86212,77],{"class":76},[56,86214,85147],{"class":72},[56,86216,77],{"class":76},[56,86218,1618],{"class":95},[56,86220,1635],{"class":76},[20,86222,239],{},[47,86224,86226],{"className":49,"code":86225,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86227,86228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86229,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86231,953],{"class":378},[56,86233,1045],{"class":76},[56,86235,86098],{"class":72},[56,86237,7898],{"class":76},[56,86239,84393],{"class":65},[56,86241,1176],{"class":827},[56,86243,84398],{"class":65},[20,86245,86246,86247,1045],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86248,83423],{},[47,86250,86252],{"className":49,"code":86251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86253,86254,86262],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86255,86256,86258,86260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86257,1594],{"class":65},[56,86259,1217],{"class":827},[56,86261,8371],{"class":76},[56,86263,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86265,373],{"class":72},[56,86267,77],{"class":76},[56,86269,85147],{"class":72},[56,86271,77],{"class":76},[56,86273,1618],{"class":95},[56,86275,306],{"class":76},[56,86277,27053],{"class":9707},[56,86279,1217],{"class":827},[56,86281,4319],{"class":4393},[56,86283,1635],{"class":76},[20,86285,239],{},[47,86287,86288],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,86289,86290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86291,86292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86293,12342],{"class":4393},[20,86295,86296],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86298,86299],{},"Remember:",[173,86301,86302,86310],{},[176,86303,86304,86306,86307,86309],{},[15,86305,83423],{}," works only when ",[15,86308,84722],{}," gets one iterable argument",[176,86311,86312,86313],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86314,86315],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86317,86318,86319,156],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[264,86320,66337],{"href":73374},[42,86322,11277],{"id":11276},[20,86324,57275,86325,156],{},[15,86326,84722],{},[353,86328,86330,86331],{"id":86329},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86332,83423],{},[20,86334,3544,86335,1045],{},[15,86336,953],{},[47,86338,86340],{"className":49,"code":86339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86341,86342,86350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86343,86344,86346,86348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86345,1214],{"class":65},[56,86347,1217],{"class":827},[56,86349,8371],{"class":76},[56,86351,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86353,373],{"class":72},[56,86355,77],{"class":76},[56,86357,85147],{"class":72},[56,86359,77],{"class":76},[56,86361,1271],{"class":95},[56,86363,1635],{"class":76},[20,86365,86366],{},"Fix it by:",[173,86368,86369,86372],{},[176,86370,86371],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[176,86373,86374,86375],{},"or using ",[15,86376,83423],{},[47,86378,86380],{"className":49,"code":86379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86381,86382,86390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86383,86384,86386,86388],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86385,1214],{"class":65},[56,86387,1217],{"class":827},[56,86389,8371],{"class":76},[56,86391,86392,86394,86396,86398,86400,86402,86404,86406,86408,86410,86413,86415],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86393,373],{"class":72},[56,86395,77],{"class":76},[56,86397,85147],{"class":72},[56,86399,77],{"class":76},[56,86401,1271],{"class":95},[56,86403,306],{"class":76},[56,86405,27053],{"class":9707},[56,86407,1217],{"class":827},[56,86409,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86411,86412],{"class":1020},"no items",[56,86414,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86416,1635],{"class":76},[353,86418,86420],{"id":86419},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86422,86423],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[47,86425,86427],{"className":49,"code":86426,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86428,86429,86453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86430,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86432,9697],{"class":65},[56,86434,1217],{"class":827},[56,86436,1220],{"class":76},[56,86438,2291],{"class":80},[56,86440,306],{"class":76},[56,86442,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86444,16289],{"class":1020},[56,86446,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86448,306],{"class":76},[56,86450,496],{"class":80},[56,86452,427],{"class":76},[56,86454,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86456,373],{"class":72},[56,86458,77],{"class":76},[56,86460,85147],{"class":72},[56,86462,77],{"class":76},[56,86464,9736],{"class":95},[56,86466,1635],{"class":76},[20,86468,239],{},[47,86470,86472],{"className":49,"code":86471,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError\n",[15,86473,86474],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86475,86476],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86477,86471],{"class":378},[20,86479,86480],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86482,86483,86484,156],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86485,84722],{},[47,86487,86489],{"className":49,"code":86488,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86490,86491,86515,86541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86492,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86494,9697],{"class":65},[56,86496,1217],{"class":827},[56,86498,1220],{"class":76},[56,86500,2291],{"class":80},[56,86502,306],{"class":76},[56,86504,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86506,16289],{"class":1020},[56,86508,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86510,306],{"class":76},[56,86512,496],{"class":80},[56,86514,427],{"class":76},[56,86516,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86518,1594],{"class":65},[56,86520,1217],{"class":827},[56,86522,1220],{"class":76},[56,86524,2734],{"class":378},[56,86526,77],{"class":76},[56,86528,2719],{"class":95},[56,86530,4202],{"class":76},[56,86532,4418],{"class":62},[56,86534,4421],{"class":65},[56,86536,69],{"class":62},[56,86538,15101],{"class":65},[56,86540,427],{"class":76},[56,86542,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86544,373],{"class":72},[56,86546,77],{"class":76},[56,86548,85147],{"class":72},[56,86550,77],{"class":76},[56,86552,1618],{"class":95},[56,86554,1635],{"class":76},[20,86556,239],{},[47,86558,86559],{"className":49,"code":3490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,86560,86561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86562,86563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86564,3490],{"class":80},[20,86566,86567,86568,156],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86569,3547],{},[353,86571,86573],{"id":86572},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86575,86576],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[47,86578,86580],{"className":49,"code":86579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86581,86582,86614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86583,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86585,4610],{"class":65},[56,86587,1217],{"class":827},[56,86589,1220],{"class":76},[56,86591,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86593,80049],{"class":1020},[56,86595,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86597,306],{"class":76},[56,86599,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86601,58268],{"class":1020},[56,86603,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86605,306],{"class":76},[56,86607,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86609,80066],{"class":1020},[56,86611,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86613,427],{"class":76},[56,86615,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86617,373],{"class":72},[56,86619,77],{"class":76},[56,86621,85147],{"class":72},[56,86623,77],{"class":76},[56,86625,4654],{"class":95},[56,86627,1635],{"class":76},[20,86629,239],{},[47,86631,86632],{"className":49,"code":85843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,86633,86634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86635,86636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86637,85843],{"class":65},[20,86639,86640],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[47,86642,86644],{"className":49,"code":86643,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86645,86646,86678],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86647,86648,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86649,4610],{"class":65},[56,86651,1217],{"class":827},[56,86653,1220],{"class":76},[56,86655,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86657,80049],{"class":1020},[56,86659,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86661,306],{"class":76},[56,86663,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86665,58268],{"class":1020},[56,86667,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86669,306],{"class":76},[56,86671,1231],{"class":1016},[56,86673,80066],{"class":1020},[56,86675,1017],{"class":1016},[56,86677,427],{"class":76},[56,86679,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86681,373],{"class":72},[56,86683,77],{"class":76},[56,86685,85147],{"class":72},[56,86687,77],{"class":76},[56,86689,4654],{"class":95},[56,86691,306],{"class":76},[56,86693,22115],{"class":9707},[56,86695,1217],{"class":827},[56,86697,3988],{"class":378},[56,86699,156],{"class":76},[56,86701,9171],{"class":25284},[56,86703,1635],{"class":76},[20,86705,239],{},[47,86707,86708],{"className":49,"code":85843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,86709,86710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86711,86712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86713,85843],{"class":65},[20,86715,86716],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[42,86718,5500,86720],{"id":86719},"when-to-use-min",[15,86721,84722],{},[20,86723,2638,86724,11133],{},[15,86725,84722],{},[173,86727,86728,86731,86736],{},[176,86729,86730],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[176,86732,86733,86734],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86735,15376],{},[176,86737,86738],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86740,2638,86741,86745],{},[264,86742,86743],{"href":75017},[15,86744,74920],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86747,2638,86748,86753],{},[264,86749,86751],{"href":86750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86752,83068],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[42,86755,3374],{"id":3373},[20,86757,84727],{},[173,86759,86760,86768,86771,86776,86783],{},[176,86761,86762,86763,86765,86766],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86764,84722],{}," without using ",[15,86767,83423],{},[176,86769,86770],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[176,86772,8983,86773,86775],{},[15,86774,84722],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[176,86777,2103,86778,86780,86781,85884],{},[15,86779,15376],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86782,84722],{},[176,86784,958,86785,86787],{},[15,86786,83423],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86789,86790,86791,86793],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86792,84722],{},", these quick checks can help:",[47,86795,86797],{"className":49,"code":86796,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86798,86799,86813,86823,86837,86851,86873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86800,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86802,373],{"class":72},[56,86804,77],{"class":76},[56,86806,2312],{"class":378},[56,86808,77],{"class":76},[56,86810,9736],{"class":95},[56,86812,1635],{"class":76},[56,86814,86815,86817,86819,86821],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,86816,373],{"class":72},[56,86818,77],{"class":76},[56,86820,9736],{"class":95},[56,86822,99],{"class":76},[56,86824,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86826,373],{"class":72},[56,86828,77],{"class":76},[56,86830,1266],{"class":72},[56,86832,77],{"class":76},[56,86834,9736],{"class":95},[56,86836,1635],{"class":76},[56,86838,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,86840,373],{"class":72},[56,86842,77],{"class":76},[56,86844,85147],{"class":72},[56,86846,77],{"class":76},[56,86848,9736],{"class":95},[56,86850,1635],{"class":76},[56,86852,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,86854,373],{"class":72},[56,86856,77],{"class":76},[56,86858,85147],{"class":72},[56,86860,77],{"class":76},[56,86862,9736],{"class":95},[56,86864,306],{"class":76},[56,86866,27053],{"class":9707},[56,86868,1217],{"class":827},[56,86870,4319],{"class":4393},[56,86872,1635],{"class":76},[56,86874,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,86876,373],{"class":72},[56,86878,77],{"class":76},[56,86880,85147],{"class":72},[56,86882,77],{"class":76},[56,86884,4654],{"class":95},[56,86886,306],{"class":76},[56,86888,22115],{"class":9707},[56,86890,1217],{"class":827},[56,86892,1266],{"class":72},[56,86894,1635],{"class":76},[20,86896,86897,86898,86901,86902,86904],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86899,86900],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86903,9736],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[42,86906,2343],{"id":2342},[353,86908,5682,86910,5685],{"id":86909},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86911,84722],{},[20,86913,86914],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[353,86916,2372,86918,84903],{"id":86917},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86919,84722],{},[20,86921,86922],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[353,86924,72142],{"id":72141},[20,86926,86927,52996,86929,84915,86931,37135],{},[15,86928,84722],{},[15,86930,953],{},[15,86932,83423],{},[353,86934,5682,86936,86938,86939,2363],{"id":86935},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86937,15376],{}," do in ",[15,86940,84722],{},[20,86942,86943,86945,86946,86948],{},[15,86944,15376],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86947,83976],{}," compares strings by length.",[353,86950,5718,86952,4935,86954,2363],{"id":86951},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86953,84722],{},[15,86955,74920],{},[20,86957,86958,86960,86961,86963],{},[15,86959,84722],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86962,74920],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[42,86965,2417],{"id":2416},[173,86967,86968,86974,86980,86986,86990,86994],{},[176,86969,86970],{},[264,86971,86972,2430],{"href":86750},[15,86973,83068],{},[176,86975,86976],{},[264,86977,86978,2430],{"href":75017},[15,86979,74920],{},[176,86981,86982],{},[264,86983,86984,2430],{"href":1328},[15,86985,1331],{},[176,86987,86988],{},[264,86989,80362],{"href":78866},[176,86991,86992],{},[264,86993,59456],{"href":59455},[176,86995,86996],{},[264,86997,66337],{"href":73374},[2451,86999,87000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":87002},[87003,87004,87006,87012,87014,87016,87021,87023,87029,87031,87032,87043],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":85206,"depth":87,"text":87005},"What min() does",{"id":85227,"depth":87,"text":85228,"children":87007},[87008,87009,87010,87011],{"id":85312,"depth":102,"text":85315},{"id":85374,"depth":102,"text":85377},{"id":85424,"depth":102,"text":85427},{"id":85518,"depth":102,"text":85521},{"id":85580,"depth":87,"text":87013},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85715,"depth":87,"text":87015},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85862,"depth":87,"text":87017,"children":87018},"Using min() with a key function",[87019,87020],{"id":85890,"depth":102,"text":85891},{"id":85965,"depth":102,"text":85966},{"id":86187,"depth":87,"text":87022},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11276,"depth":87,"text":11277,"children":87024},[87025,87027,87028],{"id":86329,"depth":102,"text":87026},"Empty list without default",{"id":86419,"depth":102,"text":86420},{"id":86572,"depth":102,"text":86573},{"id":86719,"depth":87,"text":87030},"When to use min()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":87033},[87034,87036,87038,87039,87041],{"id":86909,"depth":102,"text":87035},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86917,"depth":102,"text":87037},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72141,"depth":102,"text":72142},{"id":86935,"depth":102,"text":87040},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86951,"depth":102,"text":87042},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85089,"description":87044},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87051,"title":87052,"body":87053,"description":89232,"extension":2509,"meta":89233,"navigation":105,"path":89234,"seo":89235,"stem":89236,"__hash__":89237},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87054,"toc":89196},[87055,87058,87064,87070,87072,87153,87162,87166,87171,87173,87218,87220,87300,87306,87308,87311,87343,87345,87363,87365,87438,87440,87459,87463,87466,87502,87504,87571,87645,87718,87723,87727,87733,87736,87753,87756,87758,87819,87821,87841,87847,87851,87854,87924,87927,87946,87951,88027,88030,88034,88040,88044,88049,88119,88123,88128,88202,88206,88209,88284,88295,88299,88304,88394,88399,88467,88470,88489,88500,88504,88507,88512,88515,88577,88580,88591,88596,88599,88602,88607,88610,88613,88617,88620,88626,88629,88640,88642,88704,88719,88725,88728,88731,88742,88753,88759,88762,88764,88826,88836,88842,88847,88853,88857,88863,88866,88887,88889,88894,88921,88924,88951,88954,88993,88996,89034,89037,89098,89101,89103,89107,89110,89114,89120,89128,89136,89140,89143,89147,89153,89155,89193],[10,87056,87052],{"id":87057},"python-open-function-explained",[20,87059,87060,87063],{},[15,87061,87062],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87065,87066,87067,87069],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87068,87062],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[42,87071,45],{"id":44},[47,87073,87075],{"className":49,"code":87074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87076,87077,87126,87142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87078,87079,87082,87085,87087,87089,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87107,87109,87111,87114,87116,87118,87120,87124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87080,87081],{"class":62},"with",[56,87083,87084],{"class":72}," open",[56,87086,77],{"class":76},[56,87088,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87090,87091],{"class":1020},"example.txt",[56,87093,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87095,306],{"class":76},[56,87097,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87099,61004],{"class":1020},[56,87101,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87103,306],{"class":76},[56,87105,87106],{"class":9707}," encoding",[56,87108,1217],{"class":827},[56,87110,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87112,87113],{"class":1020},"utf-8",[56,87115,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87117,4202],{"class":76},[56,87119,47862],{"class":62},[56,87121,87123],{"class":87122},"sMMDD"," file",[56,87125,1390],{"class":76},[56,87127,87128,87131,87133,87135,87137,87140],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87129,87130],{"class":65},"    content ",[56,87132,1217],{"class":827},[56,87134,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87136,156],{"class":76},[56,87138,87139],{"class":95},"read",[56,87141,9174],{"class":76},[56,87143,87144,87146,87148,87151],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87145,90],{"class":72},[56,87147,77],{"class":76},[56,87149,87150],{"class":95},"content",[56,87152,99],{"class":76},[20,87154,2638,87155,87157,87158,87161],{},[15,87156,87081],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87159,87160],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[42,87163,87165],{"id":87164},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87167,87168,87170],{},[15,87169,87062],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87172,11991],{},[173,87174,87175,87178,87183,87188],{},[176,87176,87177],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[176,87179,41416,87180,87182],{},[37,87181,5170],{}," read or write anything by itself",[176,87184,195,87185],{},[37,87186,87187],{},"file object",[176,87189,87190,87191],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[173,87192,87193,87198,87203,87208,87213],{},[176,87194,87195],{},[15,87196,87197],{},"read()",[176,87199,87200],{},[15,87201,87202],{},"readline()",[176,87204,87205],{},[15,87206,87207],{},"readlines()",[176,87209,87210],{},[15,87211,87212],{},"write()",[176,87214,87215],{},[15,87216,87217],{},"close()",[20,87219,986],{},[47,87221,87223],{"className":49,"code":87222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87224,87225,87264,87279,87289],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87226,87227,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87228,87229],{"class":87122},"file",[56,87231,13810],{"class":827},[56,87233,87084],{"class":72},[56,87235,77],{"class":76},[56,87237,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87239,87091],{"class":1020},[56,87241,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87243,306],{"class":76},[56,87245,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87247,61004],{"class":1020},[56,87249,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87251,306],{"class":76},[56,87253,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87255,1217],{"class":827},[56,87257,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87259,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87261,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87263,99],{"class":76},[56,87265,87266,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87267,87268],{"class":65},"content ",[56,87270,1217],{"class":827},[56,87272,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87274,156],{"class":76},[56,87276,87139],{"class":95},[56,87278,9174],{"class":76},[56,87280,87281,87283,87285,87287],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87282,373],{"class":72},[56,87284,77],{"class":76},[56,87286,87150],{"class":95},[56,87288,99],{"class":76},[56,87290,87291,87293,87295,87298],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,87292,87229],{"class":87122},[56,87294,156],{"class":76},[56,87296,87297],{"class":95},"close",[56,87299,9174],{"class":76},[20,87301,87302,87303,87305],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87304,87081],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[42,87307,2702],{"id":2701},[20,87309,87310],{},"A common form is:",[47,87312,87314],{"className":49,"code":87313,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87315,87316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87317,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87319,42934],{"class":72},[56,87321,77],{"class":76},[56,87323,87229],{"class":87122},[56,87325,306],{"class":76},[56,87327,87328],{"class":95}," mode",[56,87330,306],{"class":76},[56,87332,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87334,1217],{"class":827},[56,87336,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87338,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87340,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87342,99],{"class":76},[20,87344,65544],{},[173,87346,87347,87352,87357],{},[176,87348,87349,87351],{},[15,87350,87229],{}," is the file name or file path",[176,87353,87354,87356],{},[15,87355,21454],{}," controls how the file is opened",[176,87358,87359,87362],{},[15,87360,87361],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87364,986],{},[47,87366,87368],{"className":49,"code":87367,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87369,87370,87413,87428],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87371,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87373,87081],{"class":62},[56,87375,87084],{"class":72},[56,87377,77],{"class":76},[56,87379,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87381,87382],{"class":1020},"notes.txt",[56,87384,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87386,306],{"class":76},[56,87388,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87390,61004],{"class":1020},[56,87392,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87394,306],{"class":76},[56,87396,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87398,1217],{"class":827},[56,87400,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87402,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87404,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87406,4202],{"class":76},[56,87408,47862],{"class":62},[56,87410,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87412,1390],{"class":76},[56,87414,87415,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87416,87417],{"class":65},"    text ",[56,87419,1217],{"class":827},[56,87421,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87423,156],{"class":76},[56,87425,87139],{"class":95},[56,87427,9174],{"class":76},[56,87429,87430,87432,87434,87436],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87431,90],{"class":72},[56,87433,77],{"class":76},[56,87435,35238],{"class":95},[56,87437,99],{"class":76},[20,87439,20492],{},[173,87441,87442,87448,87453],{},[176,87443,87444,87447],{},[15,87445,87446],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[176,87449,87450,87452],{},[15,87451,87160],{}," means open for reading",[176,87454,87455,87458],{},[15,87456,87457],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[42,87460,87462],{"id":87461},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87464,87465],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[173,87467,87468,87473,87479,87484,87490,87496],{},[176,87469,87470,87472],{},[15,87471,87160],{}," = read a text file",[176,87474,87475,87478],{},[15,87476,87477],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[176,87480,87481,87483],{},[15,87482,18631],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[176,87485,87486,87489],{},[15,87487,87488],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[176,87491,87492,87495],{},[15,87493,87494],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[176,87497,87498,87501],{},[15,87499,87500],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87503,2671],{},[47,87505,87507],{"className":49,"code":87506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87508,87509,87514,87557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87510,87511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87512,87513],{"class":112},"# Read a text file\n",[56,87515,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87517,87081],{"class":62},[56,87519,87084],{"class":72},[56,87521,77],{"class":76},[56,87523,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87525,87526],{"class":1020},"data.txt",[56,87528,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87530,306],{"class":76},[56,87532,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87534,61004],{"class":1020},[56,87536,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87538,306],{"class":76},[56,87540,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87542,1217],{"class":827},[56,87544,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87546,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87548,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87550,4202],{"class":76},[56,87552,47862],{"class":62},[56,87554,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87556,1390],{"class":76},[56,87558,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87560,90],{"class":72},[56,87562,77],{"class":76},[56,87564,87229],{"class":87122},[56,87566,156],{"class":76},[56,87568,87139],{"class":95},[56,87570,7726],{"class":76},[47,87572,87574],{"className":49,"code":87573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87575,87576,87581,87623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87577,87578],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87579,87580],{"class":112},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[56,87582,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87584,87081],{"class":62},[56,87586,87084],{"class":72},[56,87588,77],{"class":76},[56,87590,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87592,87526],{"class":1020},[56,87594,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87596,306],{"class":76},[56,87598,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87600,60987],{"class":1020},[56,87602,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87604,306],{"class":76},[56,87606,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87608,1217],{"class":827},[56,87610,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87612,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87614,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87616,4202],{"class":76},[56,87618,47862],{"class":62},[56,87620,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87622,1390],{"class":76},[56,87624,87625,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87641,87643],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87626,87627],{"class":87122},"    file",[56,87629,156],{"class":76},[56,87631,70691],{"class":95},[56,87633,77],{"class":76},[56,87635,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87637,1102],{"class":1020},[56,87639,87640],{"class":34982},"\\n",[56,87642,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87644,99],{"class":76},[47,87646,87648],{"className":49,"code":87647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87649,87650,87655,87697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87651,87652],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87653,87654],{"class":112},"# Append to a text file\n",[56,87656,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87658,87081],{"class":62},[56,87660,87084],{"class":72},[56,87662,77],{"class":76},[56,87664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87666,87526],{"class":1020},[56,87668,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87670,306],{"class":76},[56,87672,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87674,264],{"class":1020},[56,87676,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87678,306],{"class":76},[56,87680,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87682,1217],{"class":827},[56,87684,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87686,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87688,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87690,4202],{"class":76},[56,87692,47862],{"class":62},[56,87694,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87696,1390],{"class":76},[56,87698,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87712,87714,87716],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87700,87627],{"class":87122},[56,87702,156],{"class":76},[56,87704,70691],{"class":95},[56,87706,77],{"class":76},[56,87708,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87710,87711],{"class":1020},"Another line",[56,87713,87640],{"class":34982},[56,87715,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87717,99],{"class":76},[20,87719,69845,87720,87722],{},[15,87721,87477],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[42,87724,87726],{"id":87725},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87728,87729,22511,87731,156],{},[15,87730,87062],{},[37,87732,87187],{},[20,87734,87735],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[173,87737,87738,87743,87748],{},[176,87739,87740],{},[15,87741,87742],{},"file.read()",[176,87744,87745],{},[15,87746,87747],{},"file.write()",[176,87749,87750],{},[15,87751,87752],{},"file.close()",[20,87754,87755],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87757,986],{},[47,87759,87761],{"className":49,"code":87760,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87762,87763,87805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87764,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87766,87081],{"class":62},[56,87768,87084],{"class":72},[56,87770,77],{"class":76},[56,87772,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87774,87091],{"class":1020},[56,87776,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87778,306],{"class":76},[56,87780,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87782,61004],{"class":1020},[56,87784,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87786,306],{"class":76},[56,87788,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87790,1217],{"class":827},[56,87792,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87794,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87796,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87798,4202],{"class":76},[56,87800,47862],{"class":62},[56,87802,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87804,1390],{"class":76},[56,87806,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87808,90],{"class":72},[56,87810,77],{"class":76},[56,87812,2312],{"class":378},[56,87814,77],{"class":76},[56,87816,87229],{"class":87122},[56,87818,1635],{"class":76},[20,87820,30559],{},[47,87822,87824],{"className":49,"code":87823,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87825,87826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87827,87828,87830,87832,87834,87837,87839],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87829,3833],{"class":827},[56,87831,3836],{"class":2610},[56,87833,3839],{"class":1016},[56,87835,87836],{"class":1020},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[56,87838,3844],{"class":1016},[56,87840,3847],{"class":827},[20,87842,87843,87844,87846],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87845,87062],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[42,87848,87850],{"id":87849},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87852,87853],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[47,87855,87856],{"className":49,"code":87074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,87857,87858,87900,87914],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87859,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87861,87081],{"class":62},[56,87863,87084],{"class":72},[56,87865,77],{"class":76},[56,87867,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87869,87091],{"class":1020},[56,87871,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87873,306],{"class":76},[56,87875,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87877,61004],{"class":1020},[56,87879,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87881,306],{"class":76},[56,87883,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87885,1217],{"class":827},[56,87887,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87889,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87891,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87893,4202],{"class":76},[56,87895,47862],{"class":62},[56,87897,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87899,1390],{"class":76},[56,87901,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87903,87130],{"class":65},[56,87905,1217],{"class":827},[56,87907,87123],{"class":87122},[56,87909,156],{"class":76},[56,87911,87139],{"class":95},[56,87913,9174],{"class":76},[56,87915,87916,87918,87920,87922],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87917,90],{"class":72},[56,87919,77],{"class":76},[56,87921,87150],{"class":95},[56,87923,99],{"class":76},[20,87925,87926],{},"Why this is recommended:",[173,87928,87929,87934,87940,87943],{},[176,87930,87931,87933],{},[15,87932,87081],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[176,87935,87936,87937,87939],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87938,87217],{}," yourself",[176,87941,87942],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[176,87944,87945],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87947,84239,87948,87950],{},[15,87949,87081],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[47,87952,87953],{"className":49,"code":87222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,87954,87955,87993,88007,88017],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87956,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87958,87229],{"class":87122},[56,87960,13810],{"class":827},[56,87962,87084],{"class":72},[56,87964,77],{"class":76},[56,87966,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87968,87091],{"class":1020},[56,87970,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87972,306],{"class":76},[56,87974,1231],{"class":1016},[56,87976,61004],{"class":1020},[56,87978,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87980,306],{"class":76},[56,87982,87106],{"class":9707},[56,87984,1217],{"class":827},[56,87986,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87988,87113],{"class":1020},[56,87990,1017],{"class":1016},[56,87992,99],{"class":76},[56,87994,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,87996,87268],{"class":65},[56,87998,1217],{"class":827},[56,88000,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88002,156],{"class":76},[56,88004,87139],{"class":95},[56,88006,9174],{"class":76},[56,88008,88009,88011,88013,88015],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88010,373],{"class":72},[56,88012,77],{"class":76},[56,88014,87150],{"class":95},[56,88016,99],{"class":76},[56,88018,88019,88021,88023,88025],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,88020,87229],{"class":87122},[56,88022,156],{"class":76},[56,88024,87297],{"class":95},[56,88026,9174],{"class":76},[20,88028,88029],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[42,88031,88033],{"id":88032},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,88035,88036,88037,88039],{},"Use mode ",[15,88038,87160],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[353,88041,88043],{"id":88042},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,88045,88046,88048],{},[15,88047,87197],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[47,88050,88051],{"className":49,"code":87074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,88052,88053,88095,88109],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88054,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88056,87081],{"class":62},[56,88058,87084],{"class":72},[56,88060,77],{"class":76},[56,88062,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88064,87091],{"class":1020},[56,88066,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88068,306],{"class":76},[56,88070,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88072,61004],{"class":1020},[56,88074,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88076,306],{"class":76},[56,88078,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88080,1217],{"class":827},[56,88082,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88084,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88086,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88088,4202],{"class":76},[56,88090,47862],{"class":62},[56,88092,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88094,1390],{"class":76},[56,88096,88097,88099,88101,88103,88105,88107],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88098,87130],{"class":65},[56,88100,1217],{"class":827},[56,88102,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88104,156],{"class":76},[56,88106,87139],{"class":95},[56,88108,9174],{"class":76},[56,88110,88111,88113,88115,88117],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88112,90],{"class":72},[56,88114,77],{"class":76},[56,88116,87150],{"class":95},[56,88118,99],{"class":76},[353,88120,88122],{"id":88121},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88124,88125,88127],{},[15,88126,87202],{}," reads one line at a time.",[47,88129,88131],{"className":49,"code":88130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88132,88133,88175,88191],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88134,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88136,87081],{"class":62},[56,88138,87084],{"class":72},[56,88140,77],{"class":76},[56,88142,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88144,87091],{"class":1020},[56,88146,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88148,306],{"class":76},[56,88150,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88152,61004],{"class":1020},[56,88154,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88156,306],{"class":76},[56,88158,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88160,1217],{"class":827},[56,88162,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88164,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88166,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88168,4202],{"class":76},[56,88170,47862],{"class":62},[56,88172,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88174,1390],{"class":76},[56,88176,88177,88180,88182,88184,88186,88189],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88178,88179],{"class":65},"    first_line ",[56,88181,1217],{"class":827},[56,88183,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88185,156],{"class":76},[56,88187,88188],{"class":95},"readline",[56,88190,9174],{"class":76},[56,88192,88193,88195,88197,88200],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88194,90],{"class":72},[56,88196,77],{"class":76},[56,88198,88199],{"class":95},"first_line",[56,88201,99],{"class":76},[353,88203,88205],{"id":88204},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88207,88208],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[47,88210,88212],{"className":49,"code":88211,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88213,88214,88256,88270],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88215,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88217,87081],{"class":62},[56,88219,87084],{"class":72},[56,88221,77],{"class":76},[56,88223,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88225,87091],{"class":1020},[56,88227,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88229,306],{"class":76},[56,88231,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88233,61004],{"class":1020},[56,88235,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88237,306],{"class":76},[56,88239,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88241,1217],{"class":827},[56,88243,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88245,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88247,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88249,4202],{"class":76},[56,88251,47862],{"class":62},[56,88253,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88255,1390],{"class":76},[56,88257,88258,88261,88264,88266,88268],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88259,88260],{"class":62},"    for",[56,88262,88263],{"class":65}," line ",[56,88265,69],{"class":62},[56,88267,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88269,1390],{"class":76},[56,88271,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88273,47842],{"class":72},[56,88275,77],{"class":76},[56,88277,58],{"class":95},[56,88279,156],{"class":76},[56,88281,9165],{"class":95},[56,88283,7726],{"class":76},[20,88285,88286,88287,3422,88291,156],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[264,88288,88290],{"href":88289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[264,88292,88294],{"href":88293},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[42,88296,88298],{"id":88297},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88300,2638,88301,88303],{},[15,88302,87477],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[47,88305,88307],{"className":49,"code":88306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88308,88309,88352,88373],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88310,88311,88313,88315,88317,88319,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330,88332,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88312,87081],{"class":62},[56,88314,87084],{"class":72},[56,88316,77],{"class":76},[56,88318,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88320,88321],{"class":1020},"output.txt",[56,88323,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88325,306],{"class":76},[56,88327,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88329,60987],{"class":1020},[56,88331,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88333,306],{"class":76},[56,88335,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88337,1217],{"class":827},[56,88339,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88341,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88343,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88345,4202],{"class":76},[56,88347,47862],{"class":62},[56,88349,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88351,1390],{"class":76},[56,88353,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88367,88369,88371],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88355,87627],{"class":87122},[56,88357,156],{"class":76},[56,88359,70691],{"class":95},[56,88361,77],{"class":76},[56,88363,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88365,88366],{"class":1020},"First line",[56,88368,87640],{"class":34982},[56,88370,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88372,99],{"class":76},[56,88374,88375,88377,88379,88381,88383,88385,88388,88390,88392],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88376,87627],{"class":87122},[56,88378,156],{"class":76},[56,88380,70691],{"class":95},[56,88382,77],{"class":76},[56,88384,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88386,88387],{"class":1020},"Second line",[56,88389,87640],{"class":34982},[56,88391,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88393,99],{"class":76},[20,88395,2638,88396,88398],{},[15,88397,18631],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[47,88400,88402],{"className":49,"code":88401,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88403,88404,88446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88405,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434,88436,88438,88440,88442,88444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88407,87081],{"class":62},[56,88409,87084],{"class":72},[56,88411,77],{"class":76},[56,88413,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88415,88321],{"class":1020},[56,88417,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88419,306],{"class":76},[56,88421,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88423,264],{"class":1020},[56,88425,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88427,306],{"class":76},[56,88429,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88431,1217],{"class":827},[56,88433,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88435,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88437,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88439,4202],{"class":76},[56,88441,47862],{"class":62},[56,88443,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88445,1390],{"class":76},[56,88447,88448,88450,88452,88454,88456,88458,88461,88463,88465],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88449,87627],{"class":87122},[56,88451,156],{"class":76},[56,88453,70691],{"class":95},[56,88455,77],{"class":76},[56,88457,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88459,88460],{"class":1020},"Third line",[56,88462,87640],{"class":34982},[56,88464,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88466,99],{"class":76},[20,88468,88469],{},"Important detail:",[173,88471,88472,88477,88484],{},[176,88473,88474,88476],{},[15,88475,87212],{}," writes a string",[176,88478,88479,14588,88481,88483],{},[15,88480,87212],{},[37,88482,5170],{}," add a newline for you",[176,88485,88486,88487,87939],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88488,87640],{},[20,88490,88491,88492,3422,88496,156],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[264,88493,88495],{"href":88494},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[264,88497,88499],{"href":88498},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[42,88501,88503],{"id":88502},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88505,88506],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[353,88508,88510],{"id":88509},"encodingutf-8",[15,88511,87457],{},[20,88513,88514],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[47,88516,88518],{"className":49,"code":88517,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88519,88520,88563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88521,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88523,87081],{"class":62},[56,88525,87084],{"class":72},[56,88527,77],{"class":76},[56,88529,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88531,88532],{"class":1020},"message.txt",[56,88534,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88536,306],{"class":76},[56,88538,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88540,61004],{"class":1020},[56,88542,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88544,306],{"class":76},[56,88546,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88548,1217],{"class":827},[56,88550,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88552,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88554,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88556,4202],{"class":76},[56,88558,47862],{"class":62},[56,88560,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88562,1390],{"class":76},[56,88564,88565,88567,88569,88571,88573,88575],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88566,90],{"class":72},[56,88568,77],{"class":76},[56,88570,87229],{"class":87122},[56,88572,156],{"class":76},[56,88574,87139],{"class":95},[56,88576,7726],{"class":76},[20,88578,88579],{},"Why it matters:",[173,88581,88582,88585,88588],{},[176,88583,88584],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[176,88586,88587],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[176,88589,88590],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[353,88592,88594],{"id":88593},"newline",[15,88595,88593],{},[20,88597,88598],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88600,88601],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[353,88603,88605],{"id":88604},"buffering",[15,88606,88604],{},[20,88608,88609],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88611,88612],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[42,88614,88616],{"id":88615},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88618,88619],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[353,88621,88623],{"id":88622},"filenotfounderror",[15,88624,88625],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88627,88628],{},"This happens when:",[173,88630,88631,88634,88637],{},[176,88632,88633],{},"the file does not exist",[176,88635,88636],{},"the path is wrong",[176,88638,88639],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88641,986],{},[47,88643,88645],{"className":49,"code":88644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88646,88647,88690],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88648,88649,88651,88653,88655,88657,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684,88686,88688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88650,87081],{"class":62},[56,88652,87084],{"class":72},[56,88654,77],{"class":76},[56,88656,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88658,88659],{"class":1020},"missing.txt",[56,88661,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88663,306],{"class":76},[56,88665,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88667,61004],{"class":1020},[56,88669,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88671,306],{"class":76},[56,88673,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88675,1217],{"class":827},[56,88677,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88679,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88681,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88683,4202],{"class":76},[56,88685,47862],{"class":62},[56,88687,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88689,1390],{"class":76},[56,88691,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700,88702],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88693,90],{"class":72},[56,88695,77],{"class":76},[56,88697,87229],{"class":87122},[56,88699,156],{"class":76},[56,88701,87139],{"class":95},[56,88703,7726],{"class":76},[20,88705,88706,88707,4935,88715,156],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[264,88708,88710,88711,88714],{"href":88709},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[56,88712,88713],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[264,88716,88718],{"href":88717},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[353,88720,88722],{"id":88721},"permissionerror",[15,88723,88724],{},"PermissionError",[20,88726,88727],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88729,88730],{},"Example causes:",[173,88732,88733,88736,88739],{},[176,88734,88735],{},"the file is protected",[176,88737,88738],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[176,88740,88741],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88743,88744,88745],{},"Related page: ",[264,88746,88748,88749,88752],{"href":88747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[56,88750,88751],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[353,88754,88756],{"id":88755},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88757,88758],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88760,88761],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88763,986],{},[47,88765,88767],{"className":49,"code":88766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88768,88769,88812],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88770,88771,88773,88775,88777,88779,88782,88784,88786,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798,88800,88802,88804,88806,88808,88810],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88772,87081],{"class":62},[56,88774,87084],{"class":72},[56,88776,77],{"class":76},[56,88778,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88780,88781],{"class":1020},"my_folder",[56,88783,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88785,306],{"class":76},[56,88787,1231],{"class":1016},[56,88789,61004],{"class":1020},[56,88791,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88793,306],{"class":76},[56,88795,87106],{"class":9707},[56,88797,1217],{"class":827},[56,88799,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88801,87113],{"class":1020},[56,88803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88805,4202],{"class":76},[56,88807,47862],{"class":62},[56,88809,87123],{"class":87122},[56,88811,1390],{"class":76},[56,88813,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88815,90],{"class":72},[56,88817,77],{"class":76},[56,88819,87229],{"class":87122},[56,88821,156],{"class":76},[56,88823,87139],{"class":95},[56,88825,7726],{"class":76},[20,88827,88744,88828],{},[264,88829,88831,88832,88835],{"href":88830},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[56,88833,88834],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[353,88837,88839],{"id":88838},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88840,88841],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88843,88844,88845,156],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88846,87062],{},[20,88848,88744,88849],{},[264,88850,88852],{"href":88851},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[42,88854,88856],{"id":88855},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88858,88859,88860,88862],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88861,87062],{}," function.",[20,88864,88865],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[173,88867,88868,88871,88874,88880],{},[176,88869,88870],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[176,88872,88873],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[176,88875,88876,88877,88879],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88878,87062],{}," itself",[176,88881,88882,88883],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[264,88884,88886],{"href":88885},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[42,88888,3374],{"id":3373},[20,88890,88891,88892,1045],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88893,87062],{},[173,88895,88896,88901,88907,88912,88915,88918],{},[176,88897,958,88898,88900],{},[15,88899,87160],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[176,88902,88903,88904,88906],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88905,87361],{}," for text files",[176,88908,958,88909,88911],{},[15,88910,87477],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[176,88913,88914],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[176,88916,88917],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[176,88919,88920],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88922,88923],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[47,88925,88927],{"className":49,"code":88926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88928,88929,88936],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88930,88931,88933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88932,35620],{"class":62},[56,88934,88935],{"class":65}," os\n",[56,88937,88938,88940,88942,88944,88946,88949],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88939,373],{"class":72},[56,88941,77],{"class":76},[56,88943,43132],{"class":95},[56,88945,156],{"class":76},[56,88947,88948],{"class":95},"getcwd",[56,88950,7726],{"class":76},[20,88952,88953],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[47,88955,88957],{"className":49,"code":88956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88958,88959,88965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88960,88961,88963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88962,35620],{"class":62},[56,88964,88935],{"class":65},[56,88966,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975,88978,88980,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,88968,373],{"class":72},[56,88970,77],{"class":76},[56,88972,43132],{"class":95},[56,88974,156],{"class":76},[56,88976,88977],{"class":25284},"path",[56,88979,156],{"class":76},[56,88981,88982],{"class":95},"exists",[56,88984,77],{"class":76},[56,88986,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88988,87091],{"class":1020},[56,88990,1017],{"class":1016},[56,88992,1635],{"class":76},[20,88994,88995],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[47,88997,88999],{"className":49,"code":88998,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89000,89001,89007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89002,89003,89005],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89004,35620],{"class":62},[56,89006,88935],{"class":65},[56,89008,89009,89011,89013,89015,89017,89019,89021,89024,89026,89028,89030,89032],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89010,373],{"class":72},[56,89012,77],{"class":76},[56,89014,43132],{"class":95},[56,89016,156],{"class":76},[56,89018,88977],{"class":25284},[56,89020,156],{"class":76},[56,89022,89023],{"class":95},"isfile",[56,89025,77],{"class":76},[56,89027,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89029,87091],{"class":1020},[56,89031,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89033,1635],{"class":76},[20,89035,89036],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[47,89038,89040],{"className":49,"code":89039,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89041,89042,89084],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89043,89044,89046,89048,89050,89052,89054,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072,89074,89076,89078,89080,89082],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89045,87081],{"class":62},[56,89047,87084],{"class":72},[56,89049,77],{"class":76},[56,89051,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89053,87091],{"class":1020},[56,89055,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89057,306],{"class":76},[56,89059,1231],{"class":1016},[56,89061,61004],{"class":1020},[56,89063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89065,306],{"class":76},[56,89067,87106],{"class":9707},[56,89069,1217],{"class":827},[56,89071,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89073,87113],{"class":1020},[56,89075,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89077,4202],{"class":76},[56,89079,47862],{"class":62},[56,89081,87123],{"class":87122},[56,89083,1390],{"class":76},[56,89085,89086,89088,89090,89092,89094,89096],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89087,90],{"class":72},[56,89089,77],{"class":76},[56,89091,87229],{"class":87122},[56,89093,156],{"class":76},[56,89095,87139],{"class":95},[56,89097,7726],{"class":76},[20,89099,89100],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[42,89102,2343],{"id":2342},[353,89104,89106],{"id":89105},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89108,89109],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[353,89111,89113],{"id":89112},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89115,89116,89117,89119],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89118,87081],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[353,89121,5718,89123,4935,89125,89127],{"id":89122},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89124,87477],{},[15,89126,18631],{}," mode?",[20,89129,89130,89132,89133,89135],{},[15,89131,87477],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89134,18631],{}," adds new content to the end.",[353,89137,89139],{"id":89138},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89141,89142],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[353,89144,89146],{"id":89145},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89148,89149,89150,89152],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89151,87457],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[42,89154,2417],{"id":2416},[173,89156,89157,89161,89165,89169,89173,89177,89181,89187],{},[176,89158,89159],{},[264,89160,88290],{"href":88289},[176,89162,89163],{},[264,89164,88495],{"href":88494},[176,89166,89167],{},[264,89168,88499],{"href":88498},[176,89170,89171],{},[264,89172,88294],{"href":88293},[176,89174,89175],{},[264,89176,88886],{"href":88885},[176,89178,89179],{},[264,89180,88718],{"href":88717},[176,89182,89183],{},[264,89184,88710,89185,88714],{"href":88709},[56,89186,88713],{},[176,89188,89189],{},[264,89190,88748,89191,88752],{"href":88747},[56,89192,88751],{},[2451,89194,89195],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":89197},[89198,89199,89200,89201,89202,89203,89204,89209,89210,89215,89221,89222,89223,89231],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":87164,"depth":87,"text":87165},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":87461,"depth":87,"text":87462},{"id":87725,"depth":87,"text":87726},{"id":87849,"depth":87,"text":87850},{"id":88032,"depth":87,"text":88033,"children":89205},[89206,89207,89208],{"id":88042,"depth":102,"text":88043},{"id":88121,"depth":102,"text":88122},{"id":88204,"depth":102,"text":88205},{"id":88297,"depth":87,"text":88298},{"id":88502,"depth":87,"text":88503,"children":89211},[89212,89213,89214],{"id":88509,"depth":102,"text":87457},{"id":88593,"depth":102,"text":88593},{"id":88604,"depth":102,"text":88604},{"id":88615,"depth":87,"text":88616,"children":89216},[89217,89218,89219,89220],{"id":88622,"depth":102,"text":88625},{"id":88721,"depth":102,"text":88724},{"id":88755,"depth":102,"text":88758},{"id":88838,"depth":102,"text":88841},{"id":88855,"depth":87,"text":88856},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":89224},[89225,89226,89227,89229,89230],{"id":89105,"depth":102,"text":89106},{"id":89112,"depth":102,"text":89113},{"id":89122,"depth":102,"text":89228},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89138,"depth":102,"text":89139},{"id":89145,"depth":102,"text":89146},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87052,"description":89232},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89239,"title":89240,"body":89241,"description":91235,"extension":2509,"meta":91236,"navigation":105,"path":91237,"seo":91238,"stem":91239,"__hash__":91240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89242,"toc":91182},[89243,89248,89253,89259,89261,89329,89331,89350,89355,89360,89365,89368,89380,89382,89425,89427,89445,89456,89458,89460,89485,89487,89498,89500,89560,89562,89588,89591,89595,89600,89604,89607,89641,89645,89648,89673,89677,89700,89704,89737,89742,89746,89751,89754,89822,89824,89848,89853,89856,89887,89889,89921,89938,89942,89947,89971,89978,89983,89988,89991,89995,90030,90032,90041,90045,90136,90138,90169,90174,90181,90186,90195,90198,90232,90234,90248,90252,90293,90295,90304,90308,90356,90358,90372,90377,90388,90395,90401,90403,90438,90440,90454,90457,90479,90485,90514,90525,90531,90537,90551,90553,90632,90634,90684,90691,90693,90698,90702,90705,90720,90725,90727,90746,90752,90755,90770,90772,90790,90796,90801,90831,90834,90857,90860,90887,90894,90900,90907,90930,90935,90943,90945,90965,90969,90975,91025,91028,91050,91052,91058,91066,91072,91078,91086,91091,91095,91098,91121,91126,91133,91145,91147,91179],[10,89244,13,89246,18],{"id":89245},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89247,46958],{},[20,89249,22,89250,89252],{},[15,89251,46958],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89254,89255,89256,89258],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89257,46958],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[42,89260,45],{"id":44},[47,89262,89264],{"className":49,"code":89263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89265,89266,89278,89287,89291,89301,89311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89267,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89269,8409],{"class":65},[56,89271,1217],{"class":827},[56,89273,1231],{"class":1016},[56,89275,8454],{"class":1020},[56,89277,3903],{"class":1016},[56,89279,89280,89282,89284],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89281,22164],{"class":65},[56,89283,1217],{"class":827},[56,89285,89286],{"class":80}," 12\n",[56,89288,89289],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89290,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,89292,89293,89295,89297,89299],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,89294,373],{"class":72},[56,89296,77],{"class":76},[56,89298,8201],{"class":95},[56,89300,99],{"class":76},[56,89302,89303,89305,89307,89309],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,89304,373],{"class":72},[56,89306,77],{"class":76},[56,89308,9831],{"class":95},[56,89310,99],{"class":76},[56,89312,89313,89315,89317,89319,89321,89323,89325,89327],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,89314,373],{"class":72},[56,89316,77],{"class":76},[56,89318,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89320,1102],{"class":1020},[56,89322,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89324,306],{"class":76},[56,89326,36518],{"class":95},[56,89328,99],{"class":76},[20,89330,239],{},[47,89332,89334],{"className":49,"code":89333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89335,89336,89341,89345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89337,89338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89339,89340],{"class":65},"Mia\n",[56,89342,89343],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89344,2770],{"class":80},[56,89346,89347],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89348,89349],{"class":65},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89351,2638,89352,89354],{},[15,89353,46958],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[42,89356,160,89358,163],{"id":89357},"what-print-does",[15,89359,46958],{},[20,89361,89362,89364],{},[15,89363,46958],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89366,89367],{},"You can use it to display:",[173,89369,89370,89372,89374,89377],{},[176,89371,35238],{},[176,89373,1618],{},[176,89375,89376],{},"variables",[176,89378,89379],{},"expressions",[20,89381,986],{},[47,89383,89385],{"className":49,"code":89384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89386,89387,89401,89411],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89388,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89390,373],{"class":72},[56,89392,77],{"class":76},[56,89394,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89396,1102],{"class":1020},[56,89398,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89400,99],{"class":76},[56,89402,89403,89405,89407,89409],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89404,373],{"class":72},[56,89406,77],{"class":76},[56,89408,81],{"class":80},[56,89410,99],{"class":76},[56,89412,89413,89415,89417,89419,89421,89423],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89414,373],{"class":72},[56,89416,77],{"class":76},[56,89418,463],{"class":80},[56,89420,2999],{"class":827},[56,89422,419],{"class":80},[56,89424,99],{"class":76},[20,89426,239],{},[47,89428,89430],{"className":49,"code":89429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89431,89432,89437,89441],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89433,89434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89435,89436],{"class":65},"Hello\n",[56,89438,89439],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89440,3490],{"class":80},[56,89442,89443],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89444,3490],{"class":80},[20,89446,89447,89448,89450,89451,89455],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89449,46958],{}," ",[37,89452,4232,89453],{},[15,89454,4319],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[42,89457,2702],{"id":2701},[20,89459,31255],{},[47,89461,89463],{"className":49,"code":89462,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89464,89465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89466,89467,89469,89471,89474,89476,89479,89481,89483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89468,373],{"class":72},[56,89470,77],{"class":76},[56,89472,89473],{"class":95},"object1",[56,89475,306],{"class":76},[56,89477,89478],{"class":95}," object2",[56,89480,306],{"class":76},[56,89482,34983],{"class":72},[56,89484,99],{"class":76},[20,89486,80692],{},[173,89488,89489,89492,89495],{},[176,89490,89491],{},"one value",[176,89493,89494],{},"many values",[176,89496,89497],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89499,986],{},[47,89501,89503],{"className":49,"code":89502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89504,89505,89519,89538],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89506,89507,89509,89511,89513,89515,89517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89508,373],{"class":72},[56,89510,77],{"class":76},[56,89512,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89514,58268],{"class":1020},[56,89516,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89518,99],{"class":76},[56,89520,89521,89523,89525,89527,89530,89532,89534,89536],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89522,373],{"class":72},[56,89524,77],{"class":76},[56,89526,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89528,89529],{"class":1020},"Score:",[56,89531,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89533,306],{"class":76},[56,89535,534],{"class":80},[56,89537,99],{"class":76},[56,89539,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554,89556,89558],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89541,373],{"class":72},[56,89543,77],{"class":76},[56,89545,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89547,46070],{"class":1020},[56,89549,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89551,306],{"class":76},[56,89553,424],{"class":80},[56,89555,2999],{"class":827},[56,89557,468],{"class":80},[56,89559,99],{"class":76},[20,89561,239],{},[47,89563,89565],{"className":49,"code":89564,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89566,89567,89571,89580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89568,89569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89570,85843],{"class":65},[56,89572,89573,89576,89578],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89574,89575],{"class":65},"Score",[56,89577,1045],{"class":76},[56,89579,3130],{"class":80},[56,89581,89582,89584,89586],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89583,46109],{"class":65},[56,89585,1045],{"class":76},[56,89587,3130],{"class":80},[20,89589,89590],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[42,89592,89594],{"id":89593},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89596,89597,89598,156],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89599,46958],{},[353,89601,89603],{"id":89602},"print-text","Print text",[20,89605,89606],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[47,89608,89610],{"className":49,"code":89609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89611,89612,89626],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89613,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89615,373],{"class":72},[56,89617,77],{"class":76},[56,89619,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89621,1102],{"class":1020},[56,89623,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89625,99],{"class":76},[56,89627,89628,89630,89632,89634,89637,89639],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89629,373],{"class":72},[56,89631,77],{"class":76},[56,89633,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89635,89636],{"class":1020},"Python is fun",[56,89638,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89640,99],{"class":76},[353,89642,89644],{"id":89643},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89646,89647],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[47,89649,89651],{"className":49,"code":89650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89652,89653,89663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89654,89655,89657,89659,89661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89656,373],{"class":72},[56,89658,77],{"class":76},[56,89660,81],{"class":80},[56,89662,99],{"class":76},[56,89664,89665,89667,89669,89671],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89666,373],{"class":72},[56,89668,77],{"class":76},[56,89670,40654],{"class":80},[56,89672,99],{"class":76},[353,89674,89676],{"id":89675},"print-variables","Print variables",[47,89678,89680],{"className":49,"code":89679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89681,89682,89690],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89683,89684,89686,89688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89685,5635],{"class":65},[56,89687,1217],{"class":827},[56,89689,14665],{"class":80},[56,89691,89692,89694,89696,89698],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89693,373],{"class":72},[56,89695,77],{"class":76},[56,89697,86007],{"class":95},[56,89699,99],{"class":76},[353,89701,89703],{"id":89702},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[47,89705,89707],{"className":49,"code":89706,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89708,89709,89723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89710,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89712,373],{"class":72},[56,89714,77],{"class":76},[56,89716,463],{"class":80},[56,89718,2999],{"class":827},[56,89720,419],{"class":80},[56,89722,99],{"class":76},[56,89724,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89726,373],{"class":72},[56,89728,77],{"class":76},[56,89730,2291],{"class":80},[56,89732,83319],{"class":827},[56,89734,424],{"class":80},[56,89736,99],{"class":76},[20,89738,89739,89740,156],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[264,89741,51477],{"href":51476},[42,89743,89745],{"id":89744},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89747,89748,89750],{},[15,89749,46958],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89752,89753],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[47,89755,89757],{"className":49,"code":89756,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89758,89759,89772,89780,89784,89803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89760,89761,89763,89765,89767,89770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89762,8409],{"class":65},[56,89764,1217],{"class":827},[56,89766,1231],{"class":1016},[56,89768,89769],{"class":1020},"Ava",[56,89771,3903],{"class":1016},[56,89773,89774,89776,89778],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89775,22164],{"class":65},[56,89777,1217],{"class":827},[56,89779,3130],{"class":80},[56,89781,89782],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89783,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,89785,89786,89788,89790,89792,89795,89797,89799,89801],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,89787,373],{"class":72},[56,89789,77],{"class":76},[56,89791,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89793,89794],{"class":1020},"Name:",[56,89796,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89798,306],{"class":76},[56,89800,36518],{"class":95},[56,89802,99],{"class":76},[56,89804,89805,89807,89809,89811,89814,89816,89818,89820],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,89806,373],{"class":72},[56,89808,77],{"class":76},[56,89810,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89812,89813],{"class":1020},"Age:",[56,89815,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89817,306],{"class":76},[56,89819,9720],{"class":95},[56,89821,99],{"class":76},[20,89823,239],{},[47,89825,89827],{"className":49,"code":89826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89828,89829,89839],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89830,89831,89834,89836],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89832,89833],{"class":65},"Name",[56,89835,1045],{"class":76},[56,89837,89838],{"class":65}," Ava\n",[56,89840,89841,89844,89846],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89842,89843],{"class":65},"Age",[56,89845,1045],{"class":76},[56,89847,3130],{"class":80},[20,89849,89850,89851,156],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89852,2605],{},[20,89854,89855],{},"For example, this works:",[47,89857,89859],{"className":49,"code":89858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89860,89861,89869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89862,89863,89865,89867],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89864,22164],{"class":65},[56,89866,1217],{"class":827},[56,89868,3130],{"class":80},[56,89870,89871,89873,89875,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89872,373],{"class":72},[56,89874,77],{"class":76},[56,89876,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89878,89813],{"class":1020},[56,89880,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89882,306],{"class":76},[56,89884,9720],{"class":95},[56,89886,99],{"class":76},[20,89888,37440],{},[47,89890,89892],{"className":49,"code":89891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89893,89894,89902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89895,89896,89898,89900],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89897,22164],{"class":65},[56,89899,1217],{"class":827},[56,89901,3130],{"class":80},[56,89903,89904,89906,89908,89910,89913,89915,89917,89919],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,89905,373],{"class":72},[56,89907,77],{"class":76},[56,89909,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89911,89912],{"class":1020},"Age: ",[56,89914,1017],{"class":1016},[56,89916,2999],{"class":827},[56,89918,9720],{"class":95},[56,89920,99],{"class":76},[20,89922,89923,89924,89927,89928,89930,89931,89933,89934,156],{},"That fails because ",[15,89925,89926],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89929,9831],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89932,2605],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[264,89935,89936],{"href":42684},[15,89937,48188],{},[42,89939,89941],{"id":89940},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89943,89944,89946],{},[15,89945,46958],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[173,89948,89949,89955,89960,89965],{},[176,89950,89951,89954],{},[15,89952,89953],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[176,89956,89957,89959],{},[15,89958,53162],{}," controls what is added after the output",[176,89961,89962,89964],{},[15,89963,87229],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[176,89966,89967,89970],{},[15,89968,89969],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89972,89973,89974,4935,89976,156],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89975,89953],{},[15,89977,53162],{},[42,89979,89981,37129],{"id":89980},"sep-argument",[15,89982,89953],{},[20,89984,2526,89985,89987],{},[15,89986,89953],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89989,89990],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[353,89992,89994],{"id":89993},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[47,89996,89998],{"className":49,"code":89997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89999,90000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90001,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90003,373],{"class":72},[56,90005,77],{"class":76},[56,90007,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90009,13626],{"class":1020},[56,90011,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90013,306],{"class":76},[56,90015,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90017,17990],{"class":1020},[56,90019,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90021,306],{"class":76},[56,90023,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90025,13643],{"class":1020},[56,90027,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90029,99],{"class":76},[20,90031,239],{},[47,90033,90035],{"className":49,"code":90034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red green blue\n",[15,90036,90037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90038,90039],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90040,90034],{"class":65},[353,90042,90044],{"id":90043},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[47,90046,90048],{"className":49,"code":90047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,90049,90050,90093],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90051,90052,90054,90056,90058,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90083,90085,90087,90089,90091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90053,373],{"class":72},[56,90055,77],{"class":76},[56,90057,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90059,13626],{"class":1020},[56,90061,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90063,306],{"class":76},[56,90065,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90067,17990],{"class":1020},[56,90069,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90071,306],{"class":76},[56,90073,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90075,13643],{"class":1020},[56,90077,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90079,306],{"class":76},[56,90081,90082],{"class":9707}," sep",[56,90084,1217],{"class":827},[56,90086,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90088,306],{"class":1020},[56,90090,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90092,99],{"class":76},[56,90094,90095,90097,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127,90129,90132,90134],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90096,373],{"class":72},[56,90098,77],{"class":76},[56,90100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90102,13626],{"class":1020},[56,90104,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90106,306],{"class":76},[56,90108,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90110,17990],{"class":1020},[56,90112,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90114,306],{"class":76},[56,90116,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90118,13643],{"class":1020},[56,90120,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90122,306],{"class":76},[56,90124,90082],{"class":9707},[56,90126,1217],{"class":827},[56,90128,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90130,90131],{"class":1020}," - ",[56,90133,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90135,99],{"class":76},[20,90137,239],{},[47,90139,90141],{"className":49,"code":90140,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90142,90143,90155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90144,90145,90147,90149,90151,90153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90146,13626],{"class":65},[56,90148,306],{"class":76},[56,90150,17990],{"class":65},[56,90152,306],{"class":76},[56,90154,70477],{"class":65},[56,90156,90157,90160,90162,90165,90167],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90158,90159],{"class":65},"red ",[56,90161,2568],{"class":827},[56,90163,90164],{"class":65}," green ",[56,90166,2568],{"class":827},[56,90168,36407],{"class":65},[20,90170,90171,90173],{},[15,90172,89953],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90175,90176,90177,156],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[264,90178,90180],{"href":90179},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[42,90182,90184,37129],{"id":90183},"end-argument",[15,90185,53162],{},[20,90187,90188,90189,90191,90192,90194],{},"By default, ",[15,90190,46958],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90193,46958],{}," starts on a new line.",[353,90196,89994],{"id":90197},"default-behavior-1",[47,90199,90201],{"className":49,"code":90200,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90202,90203,90217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90204,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90206,373],{"class":72},[56,90208,77],{"class":76},[56,90210,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90212,1102],{"class":1020},[56,90214,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90216,99],{"class":76},[56,90218,90219,90221,90223,90225,90228,90230],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90220,373],{"class":72},[56,90222,77],{"class":76},[56,90224,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90226,90227],{"class":1020},"World",[56,90229,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90231,99],{"class":76},[20,90233,239],{},[47,90235,90237],{"className":49,"code":90236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90238,90239,90243],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90240,90241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90242,89436],{"class":65},[56,90244,90245],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90246,90247],{"class":65},"World\n",[353,90249,90251],{"id":90250},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[47,90253,90255],{"className":49,"code":90254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90256,90257,90279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90258,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90260,373],{"class":72},[56,90262,77],{"class":76},[56,90264,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90266,1102],{"class":1020},[56,90268,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90270,306],{"class":76},[56,90272,65539],{"class":9707},[56,90274,1217],{"class":827},[56,90276,6807],{"class":1016},[56,90278,99],{"class":76},[56,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90282,373],{"class":72},[56,90284,77],{"class":76},[56,90286,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90288,90227],{"class":1020},[56,90290,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90292,99],{"class":76},[20,90294,239],{},[47,90296,90298],{"className":49,"code":90297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90299,90300],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90301,90302],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90303,90297],{"class":65},[353,90305,90307],{"id":90306},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[47,90309,90311],{"className":49,"code":90310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90312,90313,90342],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90314,90315,90317,90319,90321,90323,90325,90327,90329,90331,90333,90336,90338,90340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90316,373],{"class":72},[56,90318,77],{"class":76},[56,90320,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90322,1102],{"class":1020},[56,90324,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90326,306],{"class":76},[56,90328,65539],{"class":9707},[56,90330,1217],{"class":827},[56,90332,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90334,90335],{"class":1020},"!",[56,90337,87640],{"class":34982},[56,90339,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90341,99],{"class":76},[56,90343,90344,90346,90348,90350,90352,90354],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90345,373],{"class":72},[56,90347,77],{"class":76},[56,90349,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90351,90227],{"class":1020},[56,90353,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90355,99],{"class":76},[20,90357,239],{},[47,90359,90361],{"className":49,"code":90360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90362,90363,90368],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90364,90365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90366,90367],{"class":65},"Hello!\n",[56,90369,90370],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90371,90247],{"class":65},[20,90373,2526,90374,90376],{},[15,90375,53162],{}," argument is useful for:",[173,90378,90379,90382,90385],{},[176,90380,90381],{},"progress messages",[176,90383,90384],{},"inline output",[176,90386,90387],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[42,90389,90391,2942,90393],{"id":90390},"print-returns-none",[15,90392,46958],{},[15,90394,4319],{},[20,90396,90397,90398,90400],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90399,46958],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90402,986],{},[47,90404,90406],{"className":49,"code":90405,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90407,90408,90428],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90409,90410,90412,90414,90417,90419,90421,90424,90426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90411,2775],{"class":65},[56,90413,1217],{"class":827},[56,90415,90416],{"class":72}," print",[56,90418,77],{"class":76},[56,90420,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90422,90423],{"class":1020},"Hi",[56,90425,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90427,99],{"class":76},[56,90429,90430,90432,90434,90436],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90431,373],{"class":72},[56,90433,77],{"class":76},[56,90435,2809],{"class":95},[56,90437,99],{"class":76},[20,90439,239],{},[47,90441,90443],{"className":49,"code":90442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90444,90445,90450],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90446,90447],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90448,90449],{"class":65},"Hi\n",[56,90451,90452],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90453,12342],{"class":4393},[20,90455,90456],{},"Why does this happen?",[173,90458,90459,90467,90472],{},[176,90460,90461,90464,90465],{},[15,90462,90463],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90466,90423],{},[176,90468,90469,90470],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90471,4319],{},[176,90473,90474,90475,12454,90477],{},"so ",[15,90476,2809],{},[15,90478,4319],{},[20,90480,90481,90482,90484],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90483,46958],{}," call.",[47,90486,90488],{"className":49,"code":90487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90489,90490,90503],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90491,90492,90495,90497,90499,90501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90493,90494],{"class":65},"message ",[56,90496,1217],{"class":827},[56,90498,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90500,90423],{"class":1020},[56,90502,3903],{"class":1016},[56,90504,90505,90507,90509,90512],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90506,373],{"class":72},[56,90508,77],{"class":76},[56,90510,90511],{"class":95},"message",[56,90513,99],{"class":76},[20,90515,90516,90517,90519,90520,90524],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90518,46958],{}," with functions like ",[264,90521,90522],{"href":8751},[15,90523,1871],{},", which do return a value.",[42,90526,90528,90529],{"id":90527},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90530,46958],{},[20,90532,90533,90534,90536],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90535,46958],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[173,90538,90539,90542,90545,90548],{},[176,90540,90541],{},"to display results to the user",[176,90543,90544],{},"to show messages in a script",[176,90546,90547],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[176,90549,90550],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90552,986],{},[47,90554,90556],{"className":49,"code":90555,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90557,90558,90566,90570,90590,90601],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90559,90560,90562,90564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90561,41693],{"class":65},[56,90563,1217],{"class":827},[56,90565,1048],{"class":80},[56,90567,90568],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90569,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,90571,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,90573,31],{"class":62},[56,90575,214],{"class":65},[56,90577,69],{"class":62},[56,90579,73],{"class":72},[56,90581,77],{"class":76},[56,90583,529],{"class":80},[56,90585,306],{"class":76},[56,90587,424],{"class":80},[56,90589,84],{"class":76},[56,90591,90592,90595,90598],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,90593,90594],{"class":65},"    total ",[56,90596,90597],{"class":827},"+=",[56,90599,90600],{"class":65}," number\n",[56,90602,90603,90605,90607,90609,90612,90614,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,90604,90],{"class":72},[56,90606,77],{"class":76},[56,90608,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90610,90611],{"class":1020},"Current number:",[56,90613,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90615,306],{"class":76},[56,90617,2743],{"class":95},[56,90619,306],{"class":76},[56,90621,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90623,46070],{"class":1020},[56,90625,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90627,306],{"class":76},[56,90629,46077],{"class":95},[56,90631,99],{"class":76},[20,90633,239],{},[47,90635,90637],{"className":49,"code":90636,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90638,90639,90655,90669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90640,90641,90644,90646,90648,90651,90653],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90642,90643],{"class":65},"Current number",[56,90645,1045],{"class":76},[56,90647,409],{"class":80},[56,90649,90650],{"class":65}," Total",[56,90652,1045],{"class":76},[56,90654,1057],{"class":80},[56,90656,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665,90667],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90658,90643],{"class":65},[56,90660,1045],{"class":76},[56,90662,414],{"class":80},[56,90664,90650],{"class":65},[56,90666,1045],{"class":76},[56,90668,1195],{"class":80},[56,90670,90671,90673,90675,90677,90679,90681],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,90672,90643],{"class":65},[56,90674,1045],{"class":76},[56,90676,419],{"class":80},[56,90678,90650],{"class":65},[56,90680,1045],{"class":76},[56,90682,90683],{"class":80}," 6\n",[20,90685,90686,90687,156],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[264,90688,90690],{"href":90689},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[42,90692,3374],{"id":3373},[20,90694,90695,90696,156],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90697,46958],{},[353,90699,90701],{"id":90700},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90703,90704],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[47,90706,90708],{"className":49,"code":90707,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90709,90710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90711,90712,90714,90716,90718],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90713,373],{"class":72},[56,90715,77],{"class":76},[56,90717,1102],{"class":95},[56,90719,99],{"class":76},[20,90721,2211,90722,90724],{},[15,90723,1102],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90726,1937],{},[47,90728,90730],{"className":49,"code":90729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90731,90732],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90733,90734,90736,90738,90740,90742,90744],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90735,373],{"class":72},[56,90737,77],{"class":76},[56,90739,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90741,1102],{"class":1020},[56,90743,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90745,99],{"class":76},[353,90747,958,90749,90751],{"id":90748},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90750,373],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90753,90754],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[47,90756,90758],{"className":49,"code":90757,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90759,90760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90761,90762,90764,90766,90768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90763,373],{"class":72},[56,90765,1231],{"class":1016},[56,90767,1102],{"class":1020},[56,90769,3903],{"class":1016},[20,90771,1937],{},[47,90773,90774],{"className":49,"code":90729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,90775,90776],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90777,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90779,373],{"class":72},[56,90781,77],{"class":76},[56,90783,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90785,1102],{"class":1020},[56,90787,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90789,99],{"class":76},[353,90791,90793,90794],{"id":90792},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90795,2605],{},[20,90797,90798,90799,156],{},"This causes a ",[15,90800,3547],{},[47,90802,90803],{"className":49,"code":89891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,90804,90805,90813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90806,90807,90809,90811],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90808,22164],{"class":65},[56,90810,1217],{"class":827},[56,90812,3130],{"class":80},[56,90814,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823,90825,90827,90829],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,90816,373],{"class":72},[56,90818,77],{"class":76},[56,90820,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90822,89912],{"class":1020},[56,90824,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90826,2999],{"class":827},[56,90828,9720],{"class":95},[56,90830,99],{"class":76},[20,90832,90833],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[47,90835,90837],{"className":49,"code":90836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90838,90839],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90840,90841,90843,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90842,373],{"class":72},[56,90844,77],{"class":76},[56,90846,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90848,89813],{"class":1020},[56,90850,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90852,306],{"class":76},[56,90854,9720],{"class":95},[56,90856,99],{"class":76},[20,90858,90859],{},"Or convert the number first:",[47,90861,90863],{"className":49,"code":90862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90864,90865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90866,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90868,373],{"class":72},[56,90870,77],{"class":76},[56,90872,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90874,89912],{"class":1020},[56,90876,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90878,2999],{"class":827},[56,90880,49407],{"class":378},[56,90882,77],{"class":76},[56,90884,9831],{"class":95},[56,90886,1635],{"class":76},[20,90888,90889,90890,156],{},"If you see this error, read ",[264,90891,90893],{"href":90892},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[353,90895,8983,90897,90899],{"id":90896},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90898,46958],{}," to return a value",[20,90901,90902,90903,35859,90905,1045],{},"This does not store ",[15,90904,1112],{},[15,90906,2809],{},[47,90908,90910],{"className":49,"code":90909,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90911,90912],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90913,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90915,2775],{"class":65},[56,90917,1217],{"class":827},[56,90919,90416],{"class":72},[56,90921,77],{"class":76},[56,90923,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90925,1102],{"class":1020},[56,90927,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90929,99],{"class":76},[20,90931,90932,90933,156],{},"It stores ",[15,90934,4319],{},[353,90936,90938,90939,4935,90941],{"id":90937},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90940,89953],{},[15,90942,53162],{},[20,90944,86299],{},[173,90946,90947,90956],{},[176,90948,90949,90951,90952,90955],{},[15,90950,89953],{}," changes what goes ",[37,90953,90954],{},"between"," multiple values",[176,90957,90958,90960,90961,90964],{},[15,90959,53162],{}," changes what appears ",[37,90962,90963],{},"after"," the output",[42,90966,90968],{"id":90967},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90970,90971,90972,90974],{},"These simple ",[15,90973,46958],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[47,90976,90978],{"className":49,"code":90977,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90979,90980,91000,91015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90981,90982,90984,90986,90988,90991,90993,90995,90998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90983,373],{"class":72},[56,90985,77],{"class":76},[56,90987,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90989,90990],{"class":1020},"Debug:",[56,90992,1017],{"class":1016},[56,90994,306],{"class":76},[56,90996,90997],{"class":95}," variable_name",[56,90999,99],{"class":76},[56,91001,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91013],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,91003,373],{"class":72},[56,91005,77],{"class":76},[56,91007,2312],{"class":378},[56,91009,77],{"class":76},[56,91011,91012],{"class":95},"variable_name",[56,91014,1635],{"class":76},[56,91016,91017,91019,91021,91023],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91018,32683],{"class":72},[56,91020,77],{"class":76},[56,91022,373],{"class":72},[56,91024,99],{"class":76},[20,91026,91027],{},"What they do:",[173,91029,91030,91036,91042],{},[176,91031,91032,91035],{},[15,91033,91034],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[176,91037,91038,91041],{},[15,91039,91040],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[176,91043,91044,91047,91048],{},[15,91045,91046],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,91049,46958],{},[42,91051,2343],{"id":2342},[353,91053,2347,91055,91057],{"id":91054},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,91056,46958],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,91059,91060,91061,91063,91064,37135],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,91062,46958],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91065,53162],{},[353,91067,2372,91069,91071],{"id":91068},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91070,46958],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91073,91074,91075,91077],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91076,46958],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[353,91079,2357,91081,5700,91084,2363],{"id":91080},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91082,91083],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91085,4319],{},[20,91087,29592,91088,91090],{},[15,91089,46958],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[353,91092,91094],{"id":91093},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91096,91097],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[47,91099,91101],{"className":49,"code":91100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91102,91103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91104,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91106,373],{"class":72},[56,91108,77],{"class":76},[56,91110,1017],{"class":1016},[56,91112,89813],{"class":1020},[56,91114,1017],{"class":1016},[56,91116,306],{"class":76},[56,91118,534],{"class":80},[56,91120,99],{"class":76},[20,91122,91123,91124,40440],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91125,48188],{},[353,91127,5718,91129,4935,91131,2363],{"id":91128},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91130,89953],{},[15,91132,53162],{},[173,91134,91135,91140],{},[176,91136,91137,91139],{},[15,91138,89953],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[176,91141,91142,91144],{},[15,91143,53162],{}," changes what appears after the output",[42,91146,2417],{"id":2416},[173,91148,91149,91153,91159,91165,91170,91175],{},[176,91150,91151],{},[264,91152,51477],{"href":51476},[176,91154,91155],{},[264,91156,13,91157,2430],{"href":8751},[15,91158,1871],{},[176,91160,91161],{},[264,91162,13,91163,2430],{"href":42684},[15,91164,48188],{},[176,91166,91167],{},[264,91168,91169],{"href":90179},"How to format strings in Python",[176,91171,91172],{},[264,91173,91174],{"href":90689},"How to debug Python code",[176,91176,91177],{},[264,91178,90893],{"href":90892},[2451,91180,91181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":91183},[91184,91185,91187,91188,91194,91195,91196,91201,91207,91209,91211,91222,91223,91234],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":89357,"depth":87,"text":91186},"What print() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":89593,"depth":87,"text":89594,"children":91189},[91190,91191,91192,91193],{"id":89602,"depth":102,"text":89603},{"id":89643,"depth":102,"text":89644},{"id":89675,"depth":102,"text":89676},{"id":89702,"depth":102,"text":89703},{"id":89744,"depth":87,"text":89745},{"id":89940,"depth":87,"text":89941},{"id":89980,"depth":87,"text":91197,"children":91198},"sep argument",[91199,91200],{"id":89993,"depth":102,"text":89994},{"id":90043,"depth":102,"text":90044},{"id":90183,"depth":87,"text":91202,"children":91203},"end argument",[91204,91205,91206],{"id":90197,"depth":102,"text":89994},{"id":90250,"depth":102,"text":90251},{"id":90306,"depth":102,"text":90307},{"id":90390,"depth":87,"text":91208},"print() returns None",{"id":90527,"depth":87,"text":91210},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":91212},[91213,91214,91216,91218,91220],{"id":90700,"depth":102,"text":90701},{"id":90748,"depth":102,"text":91215},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90792,"depth":102,"text":91217},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90896,"depth":102,"text":91219},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90937,"depth":102,"text":91221},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90967,"depth":87,"text":90968},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":91224},[91225,91227,91229,91231,91232],{"id":91054,"depth":102,"text":91226},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91068,"depth":102,"text":91228},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91080,"depth":102,"text":91230},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91093,"depth":102,"text":91094},{"id":91128,"depth":102,"text":91233},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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,[56,93171,2272],{"class":80},[56,93173,390],{"class":76},[56,93175,93176,93178,93180,93182,93184,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,93177,373],{"class":72},[56,93179,77],{"class":76},[56,93181,379],{"class":378},[56,93183,77],{"class":76},[56,93185,198],{"class":72},[56,93187,77],{"class":76},[56,93189,2291],{"class":80},[56,93191,306],{"class":76},[56,93193,822],{"class":80},[56,93195,306],{"class":76},[56,93197,828],{"class":827},[56,93199,463],{"class":80},[56,93201,390],{"class":76},[56,93203,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,93205,373],{"class":72},[56,93207,77],{"class":76},[56,93209,2312],{"class":378},[56,93211,77],{"class":76},[56,93213,198],{"class":72},[56,93215,77],{"class":76},[56,93217,81],{"class":80},[56,93219,390],{"class":76},[20,93221,2325],{},[173,93223,93224,93226,93228],{},[176,93225,2330],{},[176,93227,2333],{},[176,93229,2336,93230,2339],{},[15,93231,198],{},[42,93233,2343],{"id":2342},[353,93235,2347,93236,2350],{"id":2346},[15,93237,17],{},[20,93239,2353],{},[353,93241,2357,93242,2360,93244,2363],{"id":2356},[15,93243,148],{},[15,93245,152],{},[20,93247,2366,93248,156],{},[15,93249,152],{},[353,93251,2372,93252,2375],{"id":2371},[15,93253,17],{},[20,93255,2378,93256,156],{},[15,93257,2381],{},[353,93259,2385,93260,2388],{"id":2384},[15,93261,17],{},[20,93263,2391,93264,2394,93266,2398],{},[15,93265,198],{},[15,93267,2397],{},[353,93269,2357,93270,2405],{"id":2401},[15,93271,2404],{},[20,93273,93274,2410,93276,156],{},[15,93275,1871],{},[15,93277,2413],{},[42,93279,2417],{"id":2416},[173,93281,93282,93286,93292,93298,93304],{},[176,93283,93284],{},[264,93285,267],{"href":266},[176,93287,93288],{},[264,93289,13,93290,2430],{"href":1328},[15,93291,1331],{},[176,93293,93294],{},[264,93295,13,93296,2430],{"href":1407},[15,93297,1410],{},[176,93299,93300],{},[264,93301,2441,93302,1500],{"href":1496},[15,93303,1410],{},[176,93305,93306],{},[264,93307,2003,93308],{"href":2002},[15,93309,2006],{},[2451,93311,2453],{},{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":93313},[93314,93315,93316,93321,93328,93333,93334,93342,93343,93350],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":159,"depth":87,"text":2458},{"id":270,"depth":87,"text":2460,"children":93317},[93318,93319,93320],{"id":355,"depth":102,"text":358},{"id":430,"depth":102,"text":433},{"id":501,"depth":102,"text":504},{"id":576,"depth":87,"text":577,"children":93322},[93323,93324,93325,93326,93327],{"id":583,"depth":102,"text":148},{"id":646,"depth":102,"text":649},{"id":711,"depth":102,"text":714},{"id":789,"depth":102,"text":790},{"id":916,"depth":102,"text":2472},{"id":957,"depth":87,"text":2474,"children":93329},[93330,93331,93332],{"id":1069,"depth":102,"text":1070},{"id":1116,"depth":102,"text":1117},{"id":1198,"depth":102,"text":2479},{"id":1503,"depth":87,"text":2481},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":93335},[93336,93337,93338,93339,93340,93341],{"id":1698,"depth":102,"text":1699},{"id":1795,"depth":102,"text":2486},{"id":1864,"depth":102,"text":1865},{"id":2009,"depth":102,"text":2489},{"id":2066,"depth":102,"text":2491},{"id":2102,"depth":102,"text":2493},{"id":2207,"depth":87,"text":2208},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":93344},[93345,93346,93347,93348,93349],{"id":2346,"depth":102,"text":2498},{"id":2356,"depth":102,"text":2500},{"id":2371,"depth":102,"text":2502},{"id":2384,"depth":102,"text":2504},{"id":2401,"depth":102,"text":2506},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},{},{"title":5,"description":2508},{"id":93354,"title":93355,"body":93356,"description":95029,"extension":2509,"meta":95030,"navigation":105,"path":95031,"seo":95032,"stem":95033,"__hash__":95034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93357,"toc":95002},[93358,93367,93374,93391,93407,93409,93458,93466,93470,93473,93493,93495,93559,93561,93604,93607,93653,93655,93688,93698,93704,93712,93729,93731,93762,93764,93789,93794,93805,93808,93878,93880,93911,93916,93921,93938,93940,93991,93993,94026,94029,94036,94041,94045,94061,94063,94107,94109,94155,94158,94171,94176,94180,94194,94196,94247,94249,94282,94287,94289,94296,94298,94321,94323,94388,94390,94407,94410,94443,94445,94473,94483,94490,94494,94497,94515,94518,94546,94549,94567,94572,94578,94581,94603,94605,94633,94635,94638,94663,94666,94779,94781,94860,94862,94868,94873,94881,94889,94893,94896,94898,94931,94933,94941,94947,94954,94961,94964,94966,94999],[10,93359,13,93361,1682,93363,93366],{"id":93360},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93362,17],{},[15,93364,93365],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93368,93369,4935,93371,93373],{},[15,93370,17],{},[15,93372,93365],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[173,93375,93376,93384],{},[176,93377,93378,93380,93381],{},[15,93379,17],{}," creates a ",[37,93382,93383],{},"range object",[176,93385,93386,93380,93388],{},[15,93387,93365],{},[37,93389,93390],{},"real list",[20,93392,93393,93394,93396,93397,93400,93401,93403,93404,93406],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93395,148],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93398,93399],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93402,17],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93405,93365],{}," when you actually need a list.",[42,93408,4151],{"id":4150},[47,93410,93412],{"className":49,"code":93411,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93413,93414,93428,93441],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93415,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424,93426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93417,1594],{"class":65},[56,93419,1217],{"class":827},[56,93421,73],{"class":72},[56,93423,77],{"class":76},[56,93425,81],{"class":80},[56,93427,99],{"class":76},[56,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93431,373],{"class":72},[56,93433,77],{"class":76},[56,93435,1618],{"class":95},[56,93437,4202],{"class":76},[56,93439,93440],{"class":112},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[56,93442,93443,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93444,373],{"class":72},[56,93446,77],{"class":76},[56,93448,379],{"class":378},[56,93450,77],{"class":76},[56,93452,1618],{"class":95},[56,93454,5901],{"class":76},[56,93456,93457],{"class":112},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93459,2638,93460,93462,93463,93465],{},[15,93461,17],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93464,93365],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[42,93467,93469],{"id":93468},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93471,93472],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[173,93474,93475,93482,93487,93490],{},[176,93476,93477,22511,93479,93481],{},[15,93478,17],{},[37,93480,93383],{},", not a list",[176,93483,93484,93486],{},[15,93485,93365],{}," converts that range object into a list",[176,93488,93489],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[176,93491,93492],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93494,986],{},[47,93496,93498],{"className":49,"code":93497,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93499,93500,93515,93534,93538,93548],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93501,93502,93505,93507,93509,93511,93513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93503,93504],{"class":65},"r ",[56,93506,1217],{"class":827},[56,93508,73],{"class":72},[56,93510,77],{"class":76},[56,93512,81],{"class":80},[56,93514,99],{"class":76},[56,93516,93517,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528,93530,93532],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93518,93519],{"class":65},"lst ",[56,93521,1217],{"class":827},[56,93523,23096],{"class":378},[56,93525,77],{"class":76},[56,93527,198],{"class":72},[56,93529,77],{"class":76},[56,93531,81],{"class":80},[56,93533,1635],{"class":76},[56,93535,93536],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93537,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,93539,93540,93542,93544,93546],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,93541,373],{"class":72},[56,93543,77],{"class":76},[56,93545,61004],{"class":95},[56,93547,99],{"class":76},[56,93549,93550,93552,93554,93557],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,93551,373],{"class":72},[56,93553,77],{"class":76},[56,93555,93556],{"class":95},"lst",[56,93558,99],{"class":76},[20,93560,239],{},[47,93562,93564],{"className":49,"code":93563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93565,93566,93580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93567,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576,93578],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93569,198],{"class":72},[56,93571,77],{"class":76},[56,93573,152],{"class":80},[56,93575,306],{"class":76},[56,93577,496],{"class":80},[56,93579,99],{"class":76},[56,93581,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592,93594,93596,93598,93600,93602],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93583,402],{"class":76},[56,93585,152],{"class":80},[56,93587,306],{"class":76},[56,93589,409],{"class":80},[56,93591,306],{"class":76},[56,93593,414],{"class":80},[56,93595,306],{"class":76},[56,93597,419],{"class":80},[56,93599,306],{"class":76},[56,93601,424],{"class":80},[56,93603,427],{"class":76},[20,93605,93606],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[47,93608,93610],{"className":49,"code":93609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93611,93612,93630],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93613,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624,93626,93628],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93615,373],{"class":72},[56,93617,77],{"class":76},[56,93619,2312],{"class":378},[56,93621,77],{"class":76},[56,93623,198],{"class":72},[56,93625,77],{"class":76},[56,93627,81],{"class":80},[56,93629,390],{"class":76},[56,93631,93632,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642,93644,93646,93648,93650],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93633,373],{"class":72},[56,93635,77],{"class":76},[56,93637,2312],{"class":378},[56,93639,77],{"class":76},[56,93641,379],{"class":378},[56,93643,77],{"class":76},[56,93645,198],{"class":72},[56,93647,77],{"class":76},[56,93649,81],{"class":80},[56,93651,93652],{"class":76},"))))\n",[20,93654,239],{},[47,93656,93658],{"className":49,"code":93657,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93659,93660,93674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93661,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670,93672],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93663,3833],{"class":827},[56,93665,3836],{"class":2610},[56,93667,3839],{"class":1016},[56,93669,198],{"class":1020},[56,93671,3844],{"class":1016},[56,93673,3847],{"class":827},[56,93675,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93677,3833],{"class":827},[56,93679,3836],{"class":2610},[56,93681,3839],{"class":1016},[56,93683,379],{"class":1020},[56,93685,3844],{"class":1016},[56,93687,3847],{"class":827},[20,93689,93690,93691,93693,93694,156],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93692,17],{}," works, see ",[264,93695,13,93696,2430],{"href":2511},[15,93697,17],{},[42,93699,160,93701,93703],{"id":93700},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93702,17],{}," gives you",[20,93705,93706,93708,93709,93711],{},[15,93707,17],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93710,31],{}," loops.",[173,93713,93714,93717,93720,93723],{},[176,93715,93716],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[176,93718,93719],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[176,93721,93722],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[176,93724,93725,93726],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93727,93728],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93730,986],{},[47,93732,93734],{"className":49,"code":93733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93735,93736,93752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93737,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746,93748,93750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93739,31],{"class":62},[56,93741,66],{"class":65},[56,93743,69],{"class":62},[56,93745,73],{"class":72},[56,93747,77],{"class":76},[56,93749,81],{"class":80},[56,93751,84],{"class":76},[56,93753,93754,93756,93758,93760],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93755,90],{"class":72},[56,93757,77],{"class":76},[56,93759,96],{"class":95},[56,93761,99],{"class":76},[20,93763,239],{},[47,93765,93767],{"className":49,"code":93766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93768,93769,93773,93777,93781,93785],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93770,93771],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93772,249],{"class":80},[56,93774,93775],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93776,254],{"class":80},[56,93778,93779],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93780,259],{"class":80},[56,93782,93783],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,93784,47123],{"class":80},[56,93786,93787],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,93788,49154],{"class":80},[20,93790,21306,93791,93793],{},[15,93792,148],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93795,93796,93797,93799,93800,156],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93798,17],{}," is so common with ",[264,93801,13,93803,186],{"href":93802},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93804,31],{},[20,93806,93807],{},"You can also inspect it:",[47,93809,93811],{"className":49,"code":93810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93812,93813,93835,93839,93849,93863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93814,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93816,93504],{"class":65},[56,93818,1217],{"class":827},[56,93820,73],{"class":72},[56,93822,77],{"class":76},[56,93824,463],{"class":80},[56,93826,306],{"class":76},[56,93828,534],{"class":80},[56,93830,306],{"class":76},[56,93832,414],{"class":80},[56,93834,99],{"class":76},[56,93836,93837],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93838,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,93840,93841,93843,93845,93847],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93842,373],{"class":72},[56,93844,77],{"class":76},[56,93846,61004],{"class":95},[56,93848,99],{"class":76},[56,93850,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,93852,373],{"class":72},[56,93854,77],{"class":76},[56,93856,1266],{"class":72},[56,93858,77],{"class":76},[56,93860,61004],{"class":95},[56,93862,1635],{"class":76},[56,93864,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873,93876],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,93866,373],{"class":72},[56,93868,77],{"class":76},[56,93870,708],{"class":80},[56,93872,21709],{"class":62},[56,93874,93875],{"class":95}," r",[56,93877,99],{"class":76},[20,93879,239],{},[47,93881,93883],{"className":49,"code":93882,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93884,93885,93903,93907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93886,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93888,198],{"class":72},[56,93890,77],{"class":76},[56,93892,463],{"class":80},[56,93894,306],{"class":76},[56,93896,534],{"class":80},[56,93898,306],{"class":76},[56,93900,414],{"class":80},[56,93902,99],{"class":76},[56,93904,93905],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93906,49154],{"class":80},[56,93908,93909],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93910,4519],{"class":4393},[42,93912,160,93914,93703],{"id":93913},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93915,93365],{},[20,93917,93918,93920],{},[15,93919,93365],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[173,93922,93923,93926,93929,93932],{},[176,93924,93925],{},"It creates all values at once",[176,93927,93928],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[176,93930,93931],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[176,93933,93934,93935,93937],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93936,17],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93939,986],{},[47,93941,93943],{"className":49,"code":93942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93944,93945,93963,93967,93977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93946,93947,93949,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93948,1594],{"class":65},[56,93950,1217],{"class":827},[56,93952,23096],{"class":378},[56,93954,77],{"class":76},[56,93956,198],{"class":72},[56,93958,77],{"class":76},[56,93960,81],{"class":80},[56,93962,1635],{"class":76},[56,93964,93965],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,93966,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,93968,93969,93971,93973,93975],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93970,373],{"class":72},[56,93972,77],{"class":76},[56,93974,1618],{"class":95},[56,93976,99],{"class":76},[56,93978,93979,93981,93983,93985,93987,93989],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,93980,373],{"class":72},[56,93982,77],{"class":76},[56,93984,1618],{"class":95},[56,93986,402],{"class":76},[56,93988,463],{"class":80},[56,93990,1294],{"class":76},[20,93992,239],{},[47,93994,93996],{"className":49,"code":93995,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93997,93998,94022],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93999,94000,94002,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94001,402],{"class":76},[56,94003,152],{"class":80},[56,94005,306],{"class":76},[56,94007,409],{"class":80},[56,94009,306],{"class":76},[56,94011,414],{"class":80},[56,94013,306],{"class":76},[56,94015,419],{"class":80},[56,94017,306],{"class":76},[56,94019,424],{"class":80},[56,94021,427],{"class":76},[56,94023,94024],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94025,259],{"class":80},[20,94027,94028],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94030,94031,94032,156],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[264,94033,13,94034,2430],{"href":65346},[15,94035,1518],{},[42,94037,5500,94039],{"id":94038},"when-to-use-range",[15,94040,17],{},[20,94042,2638,94043,11133],{},[15,94044,17],{},[173,94046,94047,94052,94055,94058],{},[176,94048,94049,94050,964],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94051,31],{},[176,94053,94054],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[176,94056,94057],{},"You are working with large sequences",[176,94059,94060],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94062,986],{},[47,94064,94066],{"className":49,"code":94065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94067,94068,94088],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94069,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94071,31],{"class":62},[56,94073,66],{"class":65},[56,94075,69],{"class":62},[56,94077,73],{"class":72},[56,94079,77],{"class":76},[56,94081,529],{"class":80},[56,94083,306],{"class":76},[56,94085,468],{"class":80},[56,94087,84],{"class":76},[56,94089,94090,94092,94094,94096,94099,94101,94103,94105],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94091,90],{"class":72},[56,94093,77],{"class":76},[56,94095,1017],{"class":1016},[56,94097,94098],{"class":1020},"Count:",[56,94100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,94102,306],{"class":76},[56,94104,1028],{"class":95},[56,94106,99],{"class":76},[20,94108,239],{},[47,94110,94112],{"className":49,"code":94111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94113,94114,94123,94131,94139,94147],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94115,94116,94119,94121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94117,94118],{"class":65},"Count",[56,94120,1045],{"class":76},[56,94122,1057],{"class":80},[56,94124,94125,94127,94129],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94126,94118],{"class":65},[56,94128,1045],{"class":76},[56,94130,1066],{"class":80},[56,94132,94133,94135,94137],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94134,94118],{"class":65},[56,94136,1045],{"class":76},[56,94138,1195],{"class":80},[56,94140,94141,94143,94145],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,94142,94118],{"class":65},[56,94144,1045],{"class":76},[56,94146,24199],{"class":80},[56,94148,94149,94151,94153],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,94150,94118],{"class":65},[56,94152,1045],{"class":76},[56,94154,35372],{"class":80},[20,94156,94157],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94159,94160,94161,94163,94164,62786,94166,156],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94162,1410],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94165,37115],{},[264,94167,1497,94169,1500],{"href":94168},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94170,1410],{},[42,94172,5500,94174],{"id":94173},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94175,93365],{},[20,94177,2638,94178,11133],{},[15,94179,93365],{},[173,94181,94182,94185,94188,94191],{},[176,94183,94184],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[176,94186,94187],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[176,94189,94190],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[176,94192,94193],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94195,986],{},[47,94197,94199],{"className":49,"code":94198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94200,94201,94219,94233,94237],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94202,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94204,1594],{"class":65},[56,94206,1217],{"class":827},[56,94208,23096],{"class":378},[56,94210,77],{"class":76},[56,94212,198],{"class":72},[56,94214,77],{"class":76},[56,94216,81],{"class":80},[56,94218,1635],{"class":76},[56,94220,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94222,1618],{"class":65},[56,94224,156],{"class":76},[56,94226,14087],{"class":95},[56,94228,77],{"class":76},[56,94230,81],{"class":80},[56,94232,99],{"class":76},[56,94234,94235],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94236,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,94238,94239,94241,94243,94245],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,94240,373],{"class":72},[56,94242,77],{"class":76},[56,94244,1618],{"class":95},[56,94246,99],{"class":76},[20,94248,239],{},[47,94250,94252],{"className":49,"code":94251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94253,94254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94255,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94257,402],{"class":76},[56,94259,152],{"class":80},[56,94261,306],{"class":76},[56,94263,409],{"class":80},[56,94265,306],{"class":76},[56,94267,414],{"class":80},[56,94269,306],{"class":76},[56,94271,419],{"class":80},[56,94273,306],{"class":76},[56,94275,424],{"class":80},[56,94277,306],{"class":76},[56,94279,496],{"class":80},[56,94281,427],{"class":76},[20,94283,6595,94284,94286],{},[15,94285,1618],{}," is a list.",[42,94288,16131],{"id":16130},[20,94290,94291,94293,94294,156],{},[15,94292,17],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[37,94295,38110],{},[20,94297,2653],{},[173,94299,94300,94302,94307,94312,94315],{},[176,94301,22521],{},[176,94303,94304,94305],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94306,1331],{},[176,94308,94309,94310],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94311,69],{},[176,94313,94314],{},"You can index it",[176,94316,94317,94318,94320],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94319,53154],{}," do not work on it",[20,94322,986],{},[47,94324,94326],{"className":49,"code":94325,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94327,94328,94342,94346,94360,94374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94329,94330,94332,94334,94336,94338,94340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94331,93504],{"class":65},[56,94333,1217],{"class":827},[56,94335,73],{"class":72},[56,94337,77],{"class":76},[56,94339,81],{"class":80},[56,94341,99],{"class":76},[56,94343,94344],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94345,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,94347,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356,94358],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94349,373],{"class":72},[56,94351,77],{"class":76},[56,94353,61004],{"class":95},[56,94355,402],{"class":76},[56,94357,463],{"class":80},[56,94359,1294],{"class":76},[56,94361,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,94363,373],{"class":72},[56,94365,77],{"class":76},[56,94367,1266],{"class":72},[56,94369,77],{"class":76},[56,94371,61004],{"class":95},[56,94373,1635],{"class":76},[56,94375,94376,94378,94380,94382,94384,94386],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,94377,373],{"class":72},[56,94379,77],{"class":76},[56,94381,223],{"class":80},[56,94383,21709],{"class":62},[56,94385,93875],{"class":95},[56,94387,99],{"class":76},[20,94389,239],{},[47,94391,94393],{"className":49,"code":94392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94394,94395,94399,94403],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94396,94397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94398,259],{"class":80},[56,94400,94401],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94402,3490],{"class":80},[56,94404,94405],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94406,4519],{"class":4393},[20,94408,94409],{},"Now compare that with this:",[47,94411,94413],{"className":49,"code":94412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94414,94415,94429],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94416,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94418,93504],{"class":65},[56,94420,1217],{"class":827},[56,94422,73],{"class":72},[56,94424,77],{"class":76},[56,94426,81],{"class":80},[56,94428,99],{"class":76},[56,94430,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94432,61004],{"class":65},[56,94434,156],{"class":76},[56,94436,14087],{"class":95},[56,94438,77],{"class":76},[56,94440,81],{"class":80},[56,94442,99],{"class":76},[20,94444,239],{},[47,94446,94448],{"className":49,"code":94447,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94449,94450],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94451,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464,94467,94469,94471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94453,26204],{"class":378},[56,94455,1045],{"class":76},[56,94457,3839],{"class":1016},[56,94459,198],{"class":1020},[56,94461,3844],{"class":1016},[56,94463,2339],{"class":378},[56,94465,94466],{"class":65}," has no attribute ",[56,94468,3844],{"class":1016},[56,94470,14087],{"class":1020},[56,94472,30229],{"class":1016},[20,94474,94475,94476,2735,94478,2739,94480,94482],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94477,53154],{},[15,94479,56028],{},[15,94481,64810],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94484,94485,94486,156],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[264,94487,26212,94488],{"href":35949},[15,94489,34784],{},[42,94491,94493],{"id":94492},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94495,94496],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[47,94498,94499],{"className":49,"code":2112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94500,94501],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94502,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94504,373],{"class":72},[56,94506,77],{"class":76},[56,94508,198],{"class":72},[56,94510,77],{"class":76},[56,94512,81],{"class":80},[56,94514,1635],{"class":76},[20,94516,94517],{},"to show:",[47,94519,94520],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94521,94522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94523,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94525,402],{"class":76},[56,94527,152],{"class":80},[56,94529,306],{"class":76},[56,94531,409],{"class":80},[56,94533,306],{"class":76},[56,94535,414],{"class":80},[56,94537,306],{"class":76},[56,94539,419],{"class":80},[56,94541,306],{"class":76},[56,94543,424],{"class":80},[56,94545,427],{"class":76},[20,94547,94548],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[47,94550,94551],{"className":49,"code":2133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94552,94553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94554,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94556,198],{"class":72},[56,94558,77],{"class":76},[56,94560,152],{"class":80},[56,94562,306],{"class":76},[56,94564,496],{"class":80},[56,94566,99],{"class":76},[20,94568,5167,94569,94571],{},[37,94570,5170],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94573,94574,94575,94577],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[37,94576,93383],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94579,94580],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[47,94582,94583],{"className":49,"code":366,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94584,94585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94586,94587,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597,94599,94601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94588,373],{"class":72},[56,94590,77],{"class":76},[56,94592,379],{"class":378},[56,94594,77],{"class":76},[56,94596,198],{"class":72},[56,94598,77],{"class":76},[56,94600,81],{"class":80},[56,94602,390],{"class":76},[20,94604,239],{},[47,94606,94607],{"className":49,"code":395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94608,94609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94610,94611,94613,94615,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94612,402],{"class":76},[56,94614,152],{"class":80},[56,94616,306],{"class":76},[56,94618,409],{"class":80},[56,94620,306],{"class":76},[56,94622,414],{"class":80},[56,94624,306],{"class":76},[56,94626,419],{"class":80},[56,94628,306],{"class":76},[56,94630,424],{"class":80},[56,94632,427],{"class":76},[42,94634,3374],{"id":3373},[20,94636,94637],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[173,94639,94640,94646,94649,94655],{},[176,94641,958,94642,94645],{},[15,94643,94644],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[176,94647,94648],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[176,94650,94651,94652,94654],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94653,17],{}," is iterable but not a list",[176,94656,958,94657,94659,94660,94662],{},[15,94658,93365],{}," when plain ",[15,94661,17],{}," would be simpler",[20,94664,94665],{},"These quick checks can help:",[47,94667,94669],{"className":49,"code":94668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94670,94671,94685,94703,94721,94743,94761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94672,94673,94675,94677,94679,94681,94683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94674,373],{"class":72},[56,94676,77],{"class":76},[56,94678,198],{"class":72},[56,94680,77],{"class":76},[56,94682,81],{"class":80},[56,94684,1635],{"class":76},[56,94686,94687,94689,94691,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94688,373],{"class":72},[56,94690,77],{"class":76},[56,94692,379],{"class":378},[56,94694,77],{"class":76},[56,94696,198],{"class":72},[56,94698,77],{"class":76},[56,94700,81],{"class":80},[56,94702,390],{"class":76},[56,94704,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717,94719],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94706,373],{"class":72},[56,94708,77],{"class":76},[56,94710,2312],{"class":378},[56,94712,77],{"class":76},[56,94714,198],{"class":72},[56,94716,77],{"class":76},[56,94718,81],{"class":80},[56,94720,390],{"class":76},[56,94722,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94741],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,94724,373],{"class":72},[56,94726,77],{"class":76},[56,94728,2312],{"class":378},[56,94730,77],{"class":76},[56,94732,379],{"class":378},[56,94734,77],{"class":76},[56,94736,198],{"class":72},[56,94738,77],{"class":76},[56,94740,81],{"class":80},[56,94742,93652],{"class":76},[56,94744,94745,94747,94749,94751,94753,94755,94757,94759],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,94746,373],{"class":72},[56,94748,77],{"class":76},[56,94750,223],{"class":80},[56,94752,21709],{"class":62},[56,94754,73],{"class":72},[56,94756,77],{"class":76},[56,94758,81],{"class":80},[56,94760,1635],{"class":76},[56,94762,94763,94765,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,94764,373],{"class":72},[56,94766,77],{"class":76},[56,94768,1266],{"class":72},[56,94770,77],{"class":76},[56,94772,198],{"class":72},[56,94774,77],{"class":76},[56,94776,81],{"class":80},[56,94778,390],{"class":76},[20,94780,239],{},[47,94782,94784],{"className":49,"code":94783,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94785,94786,94800,94824,94838,94852,94856],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94787,94788,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94789,198],{"class":72},[56,94791,77],{"class":76},[56,94793,152],{"class":80},[56,94795,306],{"class":76},[56,94797,496],{"class":80},[56,94799,99],{"class":76},[56,94801,94802,94804,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814,94816,94818,94820,94822],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94803,402],{"class":76},[56,94805,152],{"class":80},[56,94807,306],{"class":76},[56,94809,409],{"class":80},[56,94811,306],{"class":76},[56,94813,414],{"class":80},[56,94815,306],{"class":76},[56,94817,419],{"class":80},[56,94819,306],{"class":76},[56,94821,424],{"class":80},[56,94823,427],{"class":76},[56,94825,94826,94828,94830,94832,94834,94836],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94827,3833],{"class":827},[56,94829,3836],{"class":2610},[56,94831,3839],{"class":1016},[56,94833,198],{"class":1020},[56,94835,3844],{"class":1016},[56,94837,3847],{"class":827},[56,94839,94840,94842,94844,94846,94848,94850],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,94841,3833],{"class":827},[56,94843,3836],{"class":2610},[56,94845,3839],{"class":1016},[56,94847,379],{"class":1020},[56,94849,3844],{"class":1016},[56,94851,3847],{"class":827},[56,94853,94854],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,94855,4519],{"class":4393},[56,94857,94858],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,94859,3490],{"class":80},[42,94861,2343],{"id":2342},[353,94863,2385,94865,94867],{"id":94864},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94866,17],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94869,46871,94870,94872],{},[15,94871,17],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[353,94874,94876,94877,11624,94879,2363],{"id":94875},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94878,17],{},[15,94880,93365],{},[20,94882,94883,94885,94886,94888],{},[15,94884,17],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94887,93365],{}," creates a full list.",[353,94890,94892],{"id":94891},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94894,94895],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94897,986],{},[47,94899,94901],{"className":49,"code":94900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94902,94903,94917],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94904,94905,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94906,93504],{"class":65},[56,94908,1217],{"class":827},[56,94910,73],{"class":72},[56,94912,77],{"class":76},[56,94914,81],{"class":80},[56,94916,99],{"class":76},[56,94918,94919,94921,94923,94925,94927,94929],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,94920,373],{"class":72},[56,94922,77],{"class":76},[56,94924,61004],{"class":95},[56,94926,402],{"class":76},[56,94928,529],{"class":80},[56,94930,1294],{"class":76},[20,94932,239],{},[47,94934,94935],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94936,94937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94938,94939],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94940,254],{"class":80},[353,94942,2357,94944,94946],{"id":94943},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94945,94644],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94948,94949,94950,94953],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94951,94952],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[353,94955,94957,94958,94960],{"id":94956},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94959,17],{}," to a list?",[20,94962,94963],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[42,94965,2417],{"id":2416},[173,94967,94968,94974,94980,94987,94993],{},[176,94969,94970],{},[264,94971,13,94972,2430],{"href":2511},[15,94973,17],{},[176,94975,94976],{},[264,94977,13,94978,2430],{"href":65346},[15,94979,1518],{},[176,94981,94982],{},[264,94983,13,94984,94986],{"href":93802},[15,94985,31],{}," loops explained",[176,94988,94989],{},[264,94990,2441,94991,1500],{"href":94168},[15,94992,1410],{},[176,94994,94995],{},[264,94996,26652,94997],{"href":35949},[15,94998,34784],{},[2451,95000,95001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":95003},[95004,95005,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014,95015,95016,95017,95028],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":93468,"depth":87,"text":93469},{"id":93700,"depth":87,"text":95007},"What range() gives you",{"id":93913,"depth":87,"text":95009},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94038,"depth":87,"text":95011},"When to use range()",{"id":94173,"depth":87,"text":95013},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16130,"depth":87,"text":16131},{"id":94492,"depth":87,"text":94493},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":95018},[95019,95021,95023,95024,95026],{"id":94864,"depth":102,"text":95020},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94875,"depth":102,"text":95022},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94891,"depth":102,"text":94892},{"id":94943,"depth":102,"text":95025},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94956,"depth":102,"text":95027},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93355,"description":95029},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95036,"title":95037,"body":95038,"description":96474,"extension":2509,"meta":96475,"navigation":105,"path":96476,"seo":96477,"stem":96478,"__hash__":96479},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95039,"toc":96440},[95040,95046,95051,95054,95068,95071,95073,95112,95114,95127,95135,95140,95156,95159,95161,95163,95184,95201,95204,95263,95265,95284,95289,95295,95298,95332,95334,95347,95350,95395,95397,95420,95427,95433,95436,95477,95479,95493,95496,95554,95556,95571,95584,95590,95596,95661,95663,95682,95684,95702,95705,95709,95715,95717,95750,95752,95765,95775,95778,95839,95841,95862,95865,95867,95883,95888,95892,95897,95902,95958,95960,95978,95981,96026,96028,96036,96041,96045,96059,96061,96093,96095,96104,96106,96110,96119,96122,96154,96156,96168,96171,96175,96180,96221,96223,96231,96234,96257,96261,96263,96272,96275,96328,96330,96339,96343,96348,96359,96361,96370,96373,96379,96382,96388,96398,96406,96413,96415,96437],[10,95041,13,95043,18],{"id":95042},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95044,95045],{},"round()",[20,95047,9654,95048,95050],{},[15,95049,95045],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95052,95053],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[173,95055,95056,95062],{},[176,95057,95058,95061],{},[15,95059,95060],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[176,95063,95064,95067],{},[15,95065,95066],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95069,95070],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[42,95072,45],{"id":44},[47,95074,95076],{"className":49,"code":95075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95077,95078,95094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95079,95080,95082,95084,95087,95089,95092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95081,373],{"class":72},[56,95083,77],{"class":76},[56,95085,95086],{"class":72},"round",[56,95088,77],{"class":76},[56,95090,95091],{"class":80},"3.14159",[56,95093,1635],{"class":76},[56,95095,95096,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95097,373],{"class":72},[56,95099,77],{"class":76},[56,95101,95086],{"class":72},[56,95103,77],{"class":76},[56,95105,95091],{"class":80},[56,95107,306],{"class":76},[56,95109,414],{"class":80},[56,95111,1635],{"class":76},[20,95113,239],{},[47,95115,95117],{"className":49,"code":95116,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95118,95119,95123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95120,95121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95122,47123],{"class":80},[56,95124,95125],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95126,40688],{"class":80},[20,95128,2638,95129,95131,95132,95134],{},[15,95130,95060],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95133,95066],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[42,95136,160,95138,163],{"id":95137},"what-round-does",[15,95139,95045],{},[173,95141,95142,95147,95150,95153],{},[176,95143,95144,95146],{},[15,95145,95045],{}," is a built-in Python function",[176,95148,95149],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[176,95151,95152],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[176,95154,95155],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95157,95158],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[42,95160,2702],{"id":2701},[20,95162,2705],{},[47,95164,95166],{"className":49,"code":95165,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95167,95168],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95169,95170,95172,95174,95176,95179,95182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95171,95086],{"class":72},[56,95173,77],{"class":76},[56,95175,234],{"class":95},[56,95177,95178],{"class":76},"[,",[56,95180,95181],{"class":95}," ndigits",[56,95183,1294],{"class":76},[173,95185,95186,95191,95196],{},[176,95187,95188,95190],{},[15,95189,234],{}," is the value to round",[176,95192,95193,20574],{},[15,95194,95195],{},"ndigits",[176,95197,95198,95200],{},[15,95199,95195],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95202,95203],{},"Basic examples:",[47,95205,95207],{"className":49,"code":95206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95208,95209,95224,95242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95210,95211,95213,95215,95217,95219,95222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95212,373],{"class":72},[56,95214,77],{"class":76},[56,95216,95086],{"class":72},[56,95218,77],{"class":76},[56,95220,95221],{"class":80},"7.8",[56,95223,1635],{"class":76},[56,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234,95236,95238,95240],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95227,373],{"class":72},[56,95229,77],{"class":76},[56,95231,95086],{"class":72},[56,95233,77],{"class":76},[56,95235,95221],{"class":80},[56,95237,306],{"class":76},[56,95239,409],{"class":80},[56,95241,1635],{"class":76},[56,95243,95244,95246,95248,95250,95252,95255,95257,95259,95261],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95245,373],{"class":72},[56,95247,77],{"class":76},[56,95249,95086],{"class":72},[56,95251,77],{"class":76},[56,95253,95254],{"class":80},"1234",[56,95256,306],{"class":76},[56,95258,828],{"class":827},[56,95260,463],{"class":80},[56,95262,1635],{"class":76},[20,95264,239],{},[47,95266,95268],{"className":49,"code":95267,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95269,95270,95274,95279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95271,95272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95273,2926],{"class":80},[56,95275,95276],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95277,95278],{"class":80},"7.8\n",[56,95280,95281],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95282,95283],{"class":80},"1200\n",[20,95285,95286,95287,156],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[264,95288,2965],{"href":2964},[42,95290,958,95292,95294],{"id":95291},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95293,95045],{}," with one argument",[20,95296,95297],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[47,95299,95301],{"className":49,"code":95300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95302,95303,95317],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95304,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95306,373],{"class":72},[56,95308,77],{"class":76},[56,95310,95086],{"class":72},[56,95312,77],{"class":76},[56,95314,2907],{"class":80},[56,95316,1635],{"class":76},[56,95318,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95330],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95320,373],{"class":72},[56,95322,77],{"class":76},[56,95324,95086],{"class":72},[56,95326,77],{"class":76},[56,95328,95329],{"class":80},"4.8",[56,95331,1635],{"class":76},[20,95333,239],{},[47,95335,95337],{"className":49,"code":95336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4\n5\n",[15,95338,95339,95343],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95340,95341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95342,49154],{"class":80},[56,95344,95345],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95346,3490],{"class":80},[20,95348,95349],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[47,95351,95353],{"className":49,"code":95352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95354,95355,95371,95381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95356,95357,95359,95361,95364,95366,95369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95358,2775],{"class":65},[56,95360,1217],{"class":827},[56,95362,95363],{"class":72}," round",[56,95365,77],{"class":76},[56,95367,95368],{"class":80},"10.2",[56,95370,99],{"class":76},[56,95372,95373,95375,95377,95379],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95374,373],{"class":72},[56,95376,77],{"class":76},[56,95378,2809],{"class":95},[56,95380,99],{"class":76},[56,95382,95383,95385,95387,95389,95391,95393],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95384,373],{"class":72},[56,95386,77],{"class":76},[56,95388,2312],{"class":378},[56,95390,77],{"class":76},[56,95392,2809],{"class":95},[56,95394,1635],{"class":76},[20,95396,239],{},[47,95398,95400],{"className":49,"code":95399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95401,95402,95406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95403,95404],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95405,2921],{"class":80},[56,95407,95408,95410,95412,95414,95416,95418],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95409,3833],{"class":827},[56,95411,3836],{"class":2610},[56,95413,3839],{"class":1016},[56,95415,2734],{"class":1020},[56,95417,3844],{"class":1016},[56,95419,3847],{"class":827},[20,95421,95422,95423,156],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[264,95424,13,95425,2430],{"href":3418},[15,95426,3421],{},[42,95428,958,95430,95432],{"id":95429},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95431,95045],{}," with decimal places",[20,95434,95435],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[47,95437,95439],{"className":49,"code":95438,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95440,95441,95459],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95442,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451,95453,95455,95457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95444,373],{"class":72},[56,95446,77],{"class":76},[56,95448,95086],{"class":72},[56,95450,77],{"class":76},[56,95452,95091],{"class":80},[56,95454,306],{"class":76},[56,95456,414],{"class":80},[56,95458,1635],{"class":76},[56,95460,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471,95473,95475],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95462,373],{"class":72},[56,95464,77],{"class":76},[56,95466,95086],{"class":72},[56,95468,77],{"class":76},[56,95470,95091],{"class":80},[56,95472,306],{"class":76},[56,95474,419],{"class":80},[56,95476,1635],{"class":76},[20,95478,239],{},[47,95480,95482],{"className":49,"code":95481,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95483,95484,95488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95485,95486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95487,40688],{"class":80},[56,95489,95490],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95491,95492],{"class":80},"3.142\n",[20,95494,95495],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[47,95497,95499],{"className":49,"code":95498,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95500,95501,95510,95529,95533,95543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95502,95503,95505,95507],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95504,40898],{"class":65},[56,95506,1217],{"class":827},[56,95508,95509],{"class":80}," 19.9876\n",[56,95511,95512,95515,95517,95519,95521,95523,95525,95527],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95513,95514],{"class":65},"rounded_price ",[56,95516,1217],{"class":827},[56,95518,95363],{"class":72},[56,95520,77],{"class":76},[56,95522,25683],{"class":95},[56,95524,306],{"class":76},[56,95526,414],{"class":80},[56,95528,99],{"class":76},[56,95530,95531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95532,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,95534,95535,95537,95539,95541],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,95536,373],{"class":72},[56,95538,77],{"class":76},[56,95540,25683],{"class":95},[56,95542,99],{"class":76},[56,95544,95545,95547,95549,95552],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,95546,373],{"class":72},[56,95548,77],{"class":76},[56,95550,95551],{"class":95},"rounded_price",[56,95553,99],{"class":76},[20,95555,239],{},[47,95557,95559],{"className":49,"code":95558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95560,95561,95566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95562,95563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95564,95565],{"class":80},"19.9876\n",[56,95567,95568],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95569,95570],{"class":80},"19.99\n",[20,95572,95573,95574,95577,95578,3422,95580,156],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95575,95576],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[264,95579,41402],{"href":41401},[264,95581,13,95582,2430],{"href":3425},[15,95583,3428],{},[42,95585,95587,95588],{"id":95586},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95589,95195],{},[20,95591,95592,95593,95595],{},"A negative ",[15,95594,95195],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[47,95597,95599],{"className":49,"code":95598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95600,95601,95621,95641],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95602,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95604,373],{"class":72},[56,95606,77],{"class":76},[56,95608,95086],{"class":72},[56,95610,77],{"class":76},[56,95612,95254],{"class":80},[56,95614,306],{"class":76},[56,95616,828],{"class":827},[56,95618,529],{"class":80},[56,95620,1635],{"class":76},[56,95622,95623,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95624,373],{"class":72},[56,95626,77],{"class":76},[56,95628,95086],{"class":72},[56,95630,77],{"class":76},[56,95632,95254],{"class":80},[56,95634,306],{"class":76},[56,95636,828],{"class":827},[56,95638,463],{"class":80},[56,95640,1635],{"class":76},[56,95642,95643,95645,95647,95649,95651,95653,95655,95657,95659],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95644,373],{"class":72},[56,95646,77],{"class":76},[56,95648,95086],{"class":72},[56,95650,77],{"class":76},[56,95652,95254],{"class":80},[56,95654,306],{"class":76},[56,95656,828],{"class":827},[56,95658,223],{"class":80},[56,95660,1635],{"class":76},[20,95662,239],{},[47,95664,95666],{"className":49,"code":95665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95667,95668,95673,95677],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95669,95670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95671,95672],{"class":80},"1230\n",[56,95674,95675],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95676,95283],{"class":80},[56,95678,95679],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95680,95681],{"class":80},"1000\n",[20,95683,66082],{},[173,95685,95686,95691,95697],{},[176,95687,95688,95690],{},[15,95689,66352],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[176,95692,95693,95696],{},[15,95694,95695],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[176,95698,95699,95701],{},[15,95700,48175],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95703,95704],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[42,95706,95708],{"id":95707},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95710,95711,95712,156],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95713,95714],{},".5",[20,95716,1584],{},[47,95718,95720],{"className":49,"code":95719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95721,95722,95736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95725,373],{"class":72},[56,95727,77],{"class":76},[56,95729,95086],{"class":72},[56,95731,77],{"class":76},[56,95733,41669],{"class":80},[56,95735,1635],{"class":76},[56,95737,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746,95748],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95739,373],{"class":72},[56,95741,77],{"class":76},[56,95743,95086],{"class":72},[56,95745,77],{"class":76},[56,95747,2586],{"class":80},[56,95749,1635],{"class":76},[20,95751,239],{},[47,95753,95755],{"className":49,"code":95754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n4\n",[15,95756,95757,95761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95758,95759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95760,259],{"class":80},[56,95762,95763],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95764,49154],{"class":80},[20,95766,95767,95768,95771,95772,95774],{},"Python uses ",[37,95769,95770],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95773,95714],{}," situations.",[20,95776,95777],{},"More examples:",[47,95779,95781],{"className":49,"code":95780,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95782,95783,95797,95811,95825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95784,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95786,373],{"class":72},[56,95788,77],{"class":76},[56,95790,95086],{"class":72},[56,95792,77],{"class":76},[56,95794,41682],{"class":80},[56,95796,1635],{"class":76},[56,95798,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95800,373],{"class":72},[56,95802,77],{"class":76},[56,95804,95086],{"class":72},[56,95806,77],{"class":76},[56,95808,41669],{"class":80},[56,95810,1635],{"class":76},[56,95812,95813,95815,95817,95819,95821,95823],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95814,373],{"class":72},[56,95816,77],{"class":76},[56,95818,95086],{"class":72},[56,95820,77],{"class":76},[56,95822,2586],{"class":80},[56,95824,1635],{"class":76},[56,95826,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835,95837],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,95828,373],{"class":72},[56,95830,77],{"class":76},[56,95832,95086],{"class":72},[56,95834,77],{"class":76},[56,95836,41634],{"class":80},[56,95838,1635],{"class":76},[20,95840,239],{},[47,95842,95844],{"className":49,"code":95843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95845,95846,95850,95854,95858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95847,95848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95849,259],{"class":80},[56,95851,95852],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95853,259],{"class":80},[56,95855,95856],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95857,49154],{"class":80},[56,95859,95860],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,95861,49154],{"class":80},[20,95863,95864],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95866,11245],{},[173,95868,95869,95876],{},[176,95870,95871,2679,95874],{},[15,95872,95873],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95875,463],{},[176,95877,95878,2679,95881],{},[15,95879,95880],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95882,1603],{},[20,95884,3712,95885,95887],{},[15,95886,95714],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[42,95889,95891],{"id":95890},"return-values","Return values",[20,95893,95894,95896],{},[15,95895,95045],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95898,41416,95899,95901],{},[37,95900,5170],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[47,95903,95905],{"className":49,"code":95904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95906,95907,95916,95920,95930,95948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95908,95909,95911,95913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95910,2992],{"class":65},[56,95912,1217],{"class":827},[56,95914,95915],{"class":80}," 3.14159\n",[56,95917,95918],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95919,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,95921,95922,95924,95926,95928],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95923,373],{"class":72},[56,95925,77],{"class":76},[56,95927,3017],{"class":95},[56,95929,99],{"class":76},[56,95931,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944,95946],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,95933,373],{"class":72},[56,95935,77],{"class":76},[56,95937,95086],{"class":72},[56,95939,77],{"class":76},[56,95941,3017],{"class":95},[56,95943,306],{"class":76},[56,95945,414],{"class":80},[56,95947,1635],{"class":76},[56,95949,95950,95952,95954,95956],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,95951,373],{"class":72},[56,95953,77],{"class":76},[56,95955,3017],{"class":95},[56,95957,99],{"class":76},[20,95959,239],{},[47,95961,95963],{"className":49,"code":95962,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95964,95965,95970,95974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95966,95967],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95968,95969],{"class":80},"3.14159\n",[56,95971,95972],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95973,40688],{"class":80},[56,95975,95976],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95977,95969],{"class":80},[20,95979,95980],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[47,95982,95984],{"className":49,"code":95983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95985,95986,95994,96012,96016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95987,95988,95990,95992],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95989,2992],{"class":65},[56,95991,1217],{"class":827},[56,95993,95915],{"class":80},[56,95995,95996,95998,96000,96002,96004,96006,96008,96010],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,95997,2992],{"class":65},[56,95999,1217],{"class":827},[56,96001,95363],{"class":72},[56,96003,77],{"class":76},[56,96005,3017],{"class":95},[56,96007,306],{"class":76},[56,96009,414],{"class":80},[56,96011,99],{"class":76},[56,96013,96014],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96015,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,96017,96018,96020,96022,96024],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,96019,373],{"class":72},[56,96021,77],{"class":76},[56,96023,3017],{"class":95},[56,96025,99],{"class":76},[20,96027,239],{},[47,96029,96030],{"className":49,"code":40688,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,96031,96032],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96033,96034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96035,40688],{"class":80},[42,96037,5500,96039],{"id":96038},"when-to-use-round",[15,96040,95045],{},[20,96042,2638,96043,6853],{},[15,96044,95045],{},[173,96046,96047,96050,96053,96056],{},[176,96048,96049],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[176,96051,96052],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[176,96054,96055],{},"Round values before reporting results",[176,96057,96058],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96060,1584],{},[47,96062,96064],{"className":49,"code":96063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96065,96066,96075],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96067,96068,96070,96072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96069,3139],{"class":65},[56,96071,1217],{"class":827},[56,96073,96074],{"class":80}," 12.67891\n",[56,96076,96077,96079,96081,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96078,373],{"class":72},[56,96080,77],{"class":76},[56,96082,95086],{"class":72},[56,96084,77],{"class":76},[56,96086,3162],{"class":95},[56,96088,306],{"class":76},[56,96090,414],{"class":80},[56,96092,1635],{"class":76},[20,96094,239],{},[47,96096,96098],{"className":49,"code":96097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"12.68\n",[15,96099,96100],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96101,96102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96103,96097],{"class":80},[42,96105,3374],{"id":3373},[20,96107,23631,96108,156],{},[15,96109,95045],{},[353,96111,8983,96113,96115,96116,96118],{"id":96112},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96114,95045],{}," to always round ",[15,96117,95714],{}," upward",[20,96120,96121],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[47,96123,96124],{"className":49,"code":95719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,96125,96126,96140],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96127,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96129,373],{"class":72},[56,96131,77],{"class":76},[56,96133,95086],{"class":72},[56,96135,77],{"class":76},[56,96137,41669],{"class":80},[56,96139,1635],{"class":76},[56,96141,96142,96144,96146,96148,96150,96152],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96143,373],{"class":72},[56,96145,77],{"class":76},[56,96147,95086],{"class":72},[56,96149,77],{"class":76},[56,96151,2586],{"class":80},[56,96153,1635],{"class":76},[20,96155,239],{},[47,96157,96158],{"className":49,"code":95754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,96159,96160,96164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96161,96162],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96163,259],{"class":80},[56,96165,96166],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96167,49154],{"class":80},[20,96169,96170],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[353,96172,96174],{"id":96173},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96176,96177,96179],{},[15,96178,95045],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[47,96181,96183],{"className":49,"code":96182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96184,96185,96193,96207,96211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96186,96187,96189,96191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96188,2992],{"class":65},[56,96190,1217],{"class":827},[56,96192,95915],{"class":80},[56,96194,96195,96197,96199,96201,96203,96205],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96196,95086],{"class":72},[56,96198,77],{"class":76},[56,96200,3017],{"class":95},[56,96202,306],{"class":76},[56,96204,414],{"class":80},[56,96206,99],{"class":76},[56,96208,96209],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96210,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,96212,96213,96215,96217,96219],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,96214,373],{"class":72},[56,96216,77],{"class":76},[56,96218,3017],{"class":95},[56,96220,99],{"class":76},[20,96222,239],{},[47,96224,96225],{"className":49,"code":95969,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,96226,96227],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96228,96229],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96230,95969],{"class":80},[20,96232,96233],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[47,96235,96237],{"className":49,"code":96236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96238,96239],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96240,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96242,2992],{"class":65},[56,96244,1217],{"class":827},[56,96246,95363],{"class":72},[56,96248,77],{"class":76},[56,96250,3017],{"class":95},[56,96252,306],{"class":76},[56,96254,414],{"class":80},[56,96256,99],{"class":76},[353,96258,96260],{"id":96259},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96262,16936],{},[47,96264,96266],{"className":49,"code":96265,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96267,96268],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96269,96270],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96271,96265],{"class":112},[20,96273,96274],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[47,96276,96278],{"className":49,"code":96277,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96279,96280,96292,96306,96310],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96281,96282,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96283,35217],{"class":65},[56,96285,1217],{"class":827},[56,96287,1231],{"class":1016},[56,96289,40654],{"class":1020},[56,96291,3903],{"class":1016},[56,96293,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302,96304],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96295,2763],{"class":65},[56,96297,1217],{"class":827},[56,96299,40766],{"class":378},[56,96301,77],{"class":76},[56,96303,35238],{"class":95},[56,96305,99],{"class":76},[56,96307,96308],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96309,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,96311,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,96313,373],{"class":72},[56,96315,77],{"class":76},[56,96317,95086],{"class":72},[56,96319,77],{"class":76},[56,96321,234],{"class":95},[56,96323,306],{"class":76},[56,96325,409],{"class":80},[56,96327,1635],{"class":76},[20,96329,239],{},[47,96331,96333],{"className":49,"code":96332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.1\n",[15,96334,96335],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96336,96337],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96338,96332],{"class":80},[353,96340,96342],{"id":96341},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96344,96345,96347],{},[15,96346,95045],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96349,96350,96351,3422,96355,156],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[264,96352,96353],{"href":3425},[15,96354,3428],{},[264,96356,96357],{"href":3418},[15,96358,3421],{},[42,96360,2343],{"id":2342},[353,96362,2347,96364,96366,96367,96369],{"id":96363},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96365,95045],{}," always round ",[15,96368,40725],{}," up?",[20,96371,96372],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[353,96374,2347,96376,96378],{"id":96375},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96377,95045],{}," change the original number?",[20,96380,96381],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[353,96383,2372,96385,96387],{"id":96384},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96386,95045],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96389,96390,96391,96393,96394,3422,96396,156],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96392,95195],{}," value like ",[15,96395,66352],{},[15,96397,95695],{},[353,96399,28859,96401,96403,96404,2363],{"id":96400},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96402,95045],{}," on a string like ",[15,96405,48599],{},[20,96407,96408,96409,3422,96411,156],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96410,3428],{},[15,96412,3421],{},[42,96414,2417],{"id":2416},[173,96416,96417,96423,96429,96433],{},[176,96418,96419],{},[264,96420,13,96421,2430],{"href":3425},[15,96422,3428],{},[176,96424,96425],{},[264,96426,13,96427,2430],{"href":3418},[15,96428,3421],{},[176,96430,96431],{},[264,96432,2965],{"href":2964},[176,96434,96435],{},[264,96436,42690],{"href":41401},[2451,96438,96439],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":96441},[96442,96443,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452,96453,96454,96456,96463,96473],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":95137,"depth":87,"text":96444},"What round() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":95291,"depth":87,"text":96447},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95429,"depth":87,"text":96449},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95586,"depth":87,"text":96451},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95707,"depth":87,"text":95708},{"id":95890,"depth":87,"text":95891},{"id":96038,"depth":87,"text":96455},"When to use round()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":96457},[96458,96460,96461,96462],{"id":96112,"depth":102,"text":96459},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96173,"depth":102,"text":96174},{"id":96259,"depth":102,"text":96260},{"id":96341,"depth":102,"text":96342},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":96464},[96465,96467,96469,96471],{"id":96363,"depth":102,"text":96466},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96375,"depth":102,"text":96468},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96384,"depth":102,"text":96470},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96400,"depth":102,"text":96472},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95037,"description":96474},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96481,"title":96482,"body":96483,"description":97668,"extension":2509,"meta":97669,"navigation":105,"path":97670,"seo":97671,"stem":97672,"__hash__":97673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96484,"toc":97642},[96485,96492,96498,96501,96503,96552,96556,96581,96586,96591,96596,96610,96621,96623,96642,96644,96660,96663,96674,96676,96678,96739,96743,96776,96783,96790,96793,96826,96829,96833,96836,96889,96893,96914,96920,96927,96934,96995,97003,97080,97084,97096,97105,97107,97113,97119,97123,97176,97179,97237,97241,97249,97252,97256,97259,97269,97271,97368,97371,97382,97385,97428,97432,97456,97459,97465,97467,97471,97496,97498,97565,97574,97576,97582,97587,97591,97594,97598,97605,97609,97614,97616,97633,97639],[10,96486,96488,96489,11854],{"id":96487},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96490,96491],{},"add()",[20,96493,96494,96497],{},[15,96495,96496],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96499,96500],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[42,96502,45],{"id":44},[47,96504,96506],{"className":49,"code":96505,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96507,96508,96528,96542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96509,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522,96524,96526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96511,1594],{"class":65},[56,96513,1217],{"class":827},[56,96515,11023],{"class":76},[56,96517,529],{"class":80},[56,96519,306],{"class":76},[56,96521,414],{"class":80},[56,96523,306],{"class":76},[56,96525,419],{"class":80},[56,96527,9841],{"class":76},[56,96529,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96531,1618],{"class":65},[56,96533,156],{"class":76},[56,96535,82594],{"class":95},[56,96537,77],{"class":76},[56,96539,1603],{"class":80},[56,96541,99],{"class":76},[56,96543,96544,96546,96548,96550],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96545,373],{"class":72},[56,96547,77],{"class":76},[56,96549,1618],{"class":95},[56,96551,99],{"class":76},[20,96553,96554],{},[37,96555,239],{},[47,96557,96559],{"className":49,"code":96558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96560,96561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96562,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96564,9810],{"class":76},[56,96566,529],{"class":80},[56,96568,306],{"class":76},[56,96570,414],{"class":80},[56,96572,306],{"class":76},[56,96574,419],{"class":80},[56,96576,306],{"class":76},[56,96578,424],{"class":80},[56,96580,9841],{"class":76},[20,96582,2638,96583,96585],{},[15,96584,96491],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[42,96587,160,96589,163],{"id":96588},"what-setadd-does",[15,96590,96496],{},[20,96592,96593,96595],{},[15,96594,96496],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[173,96597,96598,96601,96604,96607],{},[176,96599,96600],{},"Adds one item to a set",[176,96602,96603],{},"Changes the original set in place",[176,96605,96606],{},"Does not return a new set",[176,96608,96609],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96611,96612,96613,3422,96617,156],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[264,96614,96616],{"href":96615},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[264,96618,96620],{"href":96619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[42,96622,2702],{"id":2701},[47,96624,96626],{"className":49,"code":96625,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96627,96628],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96629,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96631,16201],{"class":65},[56,96633,156],{"class":76},[56,96635,82594],{"class":95},[56,96637,77],{"class":76},[56,96639,1399],{"class":95},[56,96641,99],{"class":76},[20,96643,11991],{},[173,96645,96646,96651,96654],{},[176,96647,56408,96648,96650],{},[15,96649,96491],{}," on an existing set",[176,96652,96653],{},"Pass exactly one item",[176,96655,96656,96657],{},"The item must be ",[37,96658,96659],{},"hashable",[20,96661,96662],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[173,96664,96665,96667,96669,96672],{},[176,96666,56961],{},[176,96668,56964],{},[176,96670,96671],{},"Tuples",[176,96673,41106],{},[42,96675,12008],{"id":12007},[20,96677,12011],{},[47,96679,96681],{"className":49,"code":96680,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96682,96683,96707,96725,96729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96684,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701,96703,96705],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96686,13609],{"class":65},[56,96688,1217],{"class":827},[56,96690,11023],{"class":76},[56,96692,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96694,13626],{"class":1020},[56,96696,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96698,306],{"class":76},[56,96700,1231],{"class":1016},[56,96702,13643],{"class":1020},[56,96704,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96706,9841],{"class":76},[56,96708,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96710,18037],{"class":65},[56,96712,156],{"class":76},[56,96714,82594],{"class":95},[56,96716,77],{"class":76},[56,96718,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96720,17990],{"class":1020},[56,96722,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96724,99],{"class":76},[56,96726,96727],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96728,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,96730,96731,96733,96735,96737],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,96732,373],{"class":72},[56,96734,77],{"class":76},[56,96736,18037],{"class":95},[56,96738,99],{"class":76},[20,96740,96741],{},[37,96742,30559],{},[47,96744,96746],{"className":49,"code":96745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96747,96748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96749,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96751,9810],{"class":76},[56,96753,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96755,13626],{"class":1020},[56,96757,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96759,306],{"class":76},[56,96761,3839],{"class":1016},[56,96763,17990],{"class":1020},[56,96765,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96767,306],{"class":76},[56,96769,3839],{"class":1016},[56,96771,13643],{"class":1020},[56,96773,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96775,9841],{"class":76},[20,96777,96778,96779,96782],{},"The new value ",[15,96780,96781],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96784,96785,96786,96789],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[37,96787,96788],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96791,96792],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[47,96794,96796],{"className":49,"code":96795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96797,96798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96799,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820,96822,96824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96801,9810],{"class":76},[56,96803,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96805,13643],{"class":1020},[56,96807,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96809,306],{"class":76},[56,96811,3839],{"class":1016},[56,96813,13626],{"class":1020},[56,96815,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96817,306],{"class":76},[56,96819,3839],{"class":1016},[56,96821,17990],{"class":1020},[56,96823,3844],{"class":1016},[56,96825,9841],{"class":76},[20,96827,96828],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[42,96830,96832],{"id":96831},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96834,96835],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[47,96837,96839],{"className":49,"code":96838,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96840,96841,96861,96875,96879],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96844,1594],{"class":65},[56,96846,1217],{"class":827},[56,96848,11023],{"class":76},[56,96850,529],{"class":80},[56,96852,306],{"class":76},[56,96854,414],{"class":80},[56,96856,306],{"class":76},[56,96858,419],{"class":80},[56,96860,9841],{"class":76},[56,96862,96863,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96864,1618],{"class":65},[56,96866,156],{"class":76},[56,96868,82594],{"class":95},[56,96870,77],{"class":76},[56,96872,463],{"class":80},[56,96874,99],{"class":76},[56,96876,96877],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96878,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,96880,96881,96883,96885,96887],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,96882,373],{"class":72},[56,96884,77],{"class":76},[56,96886,1618],{"class":95},[56,96888,99],{"class":76},[20,96890,96891],{},[37,96892,239],{},[47,96894,96896],{"className":49,"code":96895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96897,96898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96899,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96901,9810],{"class":76},[56,96903,529],{"class":80},[56,96905,306],{"class":76},[56,96907,414],{"class":80},[56,96909,306],{"class":76},[56,96911,419],{"class":80},[56,96913,9841],{"class":76},[20,96915,96916,96917,96919],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96918,463],{}," was already present.",[42,96921,96923,1682,96925],{"id":96922},"add-vs-update",[15,96924,96491],{},[15,96926,15488],{},[20,96928,2638,96929,96931,96932,156],{},[15,96930,96491],{}," when you want to add ",[37,96933,53158],{},[47,96935,96937],{"className":49,"code":96936,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96938,96939,96963,96981,96985],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96940,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96942,36614],{"class":65},[56,96944,1217],{"class":827},[56,96946,11023],{"class":76},[56,96948,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96950,264],{"class":1020},[56,96952,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96954,306],{"class":76},[56,96956,1231],{"class":1016},[56,96958,1234],{"class":1020},[56,96960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96962,9841],{"class":76},[56,96964,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,96966,36666],{"class":65},[56,96968,156],{"class":76},[56,96970,82594],{"class":95},[56,96972,77],{"class":76},[56,96974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96976,1243],{"class":1020},[56,96978,1017],{"class":1016},[56,96980,99],{"class":76},[56,96982,96983],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96984,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,96986,96987,96989,96991,96993],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,96988,373],{"class":72},[56,96990,77],{"class":76},[56,96992,36666],{"class":95},[56,96994,99],{"class":76},[20,96996,2638,96997,96931,96999,97002],{},[15,96998,15488],{},[37,97000,97001],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[47,97004,97006],{"className":49,"code":97005,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97007,97008,97032,97066,97070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97009,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97011,36614],{"class":65},[56,97013,1217],{"class":827},[56,97015,11023],{"class":76},[56,97017,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97019,264],{"class":1020},[56,97021,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97023,306],{"class":76},[56,97025,1231],{"class":1016},[56,97027,1234],{"class":1020},[56,97029,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97031,9841],{"class":76},[56,97033,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97035,36666],{"class":65},[56,97037,156],{"class":76},[56,97039,30994],{"class":95},[56,97041,3528],{"class":76},[56,97043,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97045,1243],{"class":1020},[56,97047,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97049,306],{"class":76},[56,97051,1231],{"class":1016},[56,97053,19303],{"class":1020},[56,97055,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97057,306],{"class":76},[56,97059,1231],{"class":1016},[56,97061,60946],{"class":1020},[56,97063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97065,1294],{"class":76},[56,97067,97068],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97069,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97071,97072,97074,97076,97078],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,97073,373],{"class":72},[56,97075,77],{"class":76},[56,97077,36666],{"class":95},[56,97079,99],{"class":76},[353,97081,97083],{"id":97082},"key-difference","Key difference",[173,97085,97086,97091],{},[176,97087,97088,97090],{},[15,97089,96491],{}," adds one item",[176,97092,97093,97095],{},[15,97094,15488],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97097,97098,97099,156],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[264,97100,97102,97103,11273],{"href":97101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97104,15488],{},[42,97106,17954],{"id":17953},[20,97108,97109,2942,97111,156],{},[15,97110,96496],{},[15,97112,4319],{},[20,97114,97115,97116,97118],{},"That means you should ",[37,97117,5170],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[353,97120,97122],{"id":97121},"correct","Correct",[47,97124,97126],{"className":49,"code":97125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97127,97128,97148,97162,97166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97129,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97131,16163],{"class":65},[56,97133,1217],{"class":827},[56,97135,11023],{"class":76},[56,97137,529],{"class":80},[56,97139,306],{"class":76},[56,97141,414],{"class":80},[56,97143,306],{"class":76},[56,97145,419],{"class":80},[56,97147,9841],{"class":76},[56,97149,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97151,16201],{"class":65},[56,97153,156],{"class":76},[56,97155,82594],{"class":95},[56,97157,77],{"class":76},[56,97159,1603],{"class":80},[56,97161,99],{"class":76},[56,97163,97164],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97165,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97167,97168,97170,97172,97174],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,97169,373],{"class":72},[56,97171,77],{"class":76},[56,97173,16201],{"class":95},[56,97175,99],{"class":76},[353,97177,97178],{"id":62267},"Wrong",[47,97180,97182],{"className":49,"code":97181,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97183,97184,97204,97223,97227],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97185,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97187,16163],{"class":65},[56,97189,1217],{"class":827},[56,97191,11023],{"class":76},[56,97193,529],{"class":80},[56,97195,306],{"class":76},[56,97197,414],{"class":80},[56,97199,306],{"class":76},[56,97201,419],{"class":80},[56,97203,9841],{"class":76},[56,97205,97206,97208,97210,97213,97215,97217,97219,97221],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97207,16163],{"class":65},[56,97209,1217],{"class":827},[56,97211,97212],{"class":65}," my_set",[56,97214,156],{"class":76},[56,97216,82594],{"class":95},[56,97218,77],{"class":76},[56,97220,1603],{"class":80},[56,97222,99],{"class":76},[56,97224,97225],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97226,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97228,97229,97231,97233,97235],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,97230,373],{"class":72},[56,97232,77],{"class":76},[56,97234,16201],{"class":95},[56,97236,99],{"class":76},[20,97238,97239],{},[37,97240,239],{},[47,97242,97243],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,97244,97245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97246,97247],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97248,12342],{"class":4393},[20,97250,97251],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[42,97253,97255],{"id":97254},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97257,97258],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[173,97260,97261,97263,97265,97267],{},[176,97262,56961],{},[176,97264,56964],{},[176,97266,96671],{},[176,97268,41106],{},[20,97270,986],{},[47,97272,97274],{"className":49,"code":97273,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97275,97276,97286,97290,97304,97322,97340,97354,97358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97277,97278,97280,97282,97284],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97279,1214],{"class":65},[56,97281,1217],{"class":827},[56,97283,16168],{"class":378},[56,97285,9174],{"class":76},[56,97287,97288],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97289,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97291,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97293,1271],{"class":65},[56,97295,156],{"class":76},[56,97297,82594],{"class":95},[56,97299,77],{"class":76},[56,97301,2291],{"class":80},[56,97303,99],{"class":76},[56,97305,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,97307,1271],{"class":65},[56,97309,156],{"class":76},[56,97311,82594],{"class":95},[56,97313,77],{"class":76},[56,97315,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97317,4386],{"class":1020},[56,97319,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97321,99],{"class":76},[56,97323,97324,97326,97328,97330,97332,97334,97336,97338],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,97325,1271],{"class":65},[56,97327,156],{"class":76},[56,97329,82594],{"class":95},[56,97331,6049],{"class":76},[56,97333,529],{"class":80},[56,97335,306],{"class":76},[56,97337,414],{"class":80},[56,97339,1635],{"class":76},[56,97341,97342,97344,97346,97348,97350,97352],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,97343,1271],{"class":65},[56,97345,156],{"class":76},[56,97347,82594],{"class":95},[56,97349,77],{"class":76},[56,97351,4146],{"class":4393},[56,97353,99],{"class":76},[56,97355,97356],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,97357,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97359,97360,97362,97364,97366],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,97361,373],{"class":72},[56,97363,77],{"class":76},[56,97365,1271],{"class":95},[56,97367,99],{"class":76},[20,97369,97370],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[173,97372,97373,97376,97379],{},[176,97374,97375],{},"Lists",[176,97377,97378],{},"Dictionaries",[176,97380,97381],{},"Sets",[20,97383,97384],{},"Example that causes an error:",[47,97386,97388],{"className":49,"code":97387,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97389,97390,97410],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97391,97392,97394,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406,97408],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97393,1214],{"class":65},[56,97395,1217],{"class":827},[56,97397,11023],{"class":76},[56,97399,529],{"class":80},[56,97401,306],{"class":76},[56,97403,414],{"class":80},[56,97405,306],{"class":76},[56,97407,419],{"class":80},[56,97409,9841],{"class":76},[56,97411,97412,97414,97416,97418,97420,97422,97424,97426],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97413,1271],{"class":65},[56,97415,156],{"class":76},[56,97417,82594],{"class":95},[56,97419,3528],{"class":76},[56,97421,1603],{"class":80},[56,97423,306],{"class":76},[56,97425,496],{"class":80},[56,97427,1294],{"class":76},[20,97429,97430],{},[37,97431,30210],{},[47,97433,97435],{"className":49,"code":97434,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97436,97437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97438,97439,97441,97443,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97440,3547],{"class":378},[56,97442,1045],{"class":76},[56,97444,97445],{"class":65}," unhashable ",[56,97447,2312],{"class":378},[56,97449,1045],{"class":76},[56,97451,3839],{"class":1016},[56,97453,379],{"class":1020},[56,97455,30229],{"class":1016},[20,97457,97458],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97460,97461,97462,156],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97463,97464],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[42,97466,3374],{"id":3373},[20,97468,15268,97469,1045],{},[15,97470,96496],{},[173,97472,97473,97478,97483,97486,97493],{},[176,97474,958,97475,97477],{},[15,97476,96491],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[176,97479,8983,97480,97482],{},[15,97481,96491],{}," to return the updated set",[176,97484,97485],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[176,97487,37718,97488,97490,97491],{},[15,97489,96496],{}," with list ",[15,97492,53154],{},[176,97494,97495],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97497,72002],{},[47,97499,97501],{"className":49,"code":97500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97502,97503,97513,97527,97537,97551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97504,97505,97507,97509,97511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97506,373],{"class":72},[56,97508,77],{"class":76},[56,97510,16201],{"class":95},[56,97512,99],{"class":76},[56,97514,97515,97517,97519,97521,97523,97525],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97516,373],{"class":72},[56,97518,77],{"class":76},[56,97520,2312],{"class":378},[56,97522,77],{"class":76},[56,97524,16201],{"class":95},[56,97526,1635],{"class":76},[56,97528,97529,97531,97533,97535],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97530,373],{"class":72},[56,97532,77],{"class":76},[56,97534,3017],{"class":95},[56,97536,99],{"class":76},[56,97538,97539,97541,97543,97545,97547,97549],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,97540,373],{"class":72},[56,97542,77],{"class":76},[56,97544,2312],{"class":378},[56,97546,77],{"class":76},[56,97548,3017],{"class":95},[56,97550,1635],{"class":76},[56,97552,97553,97555,97557,97559,97561,97563],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,97554,32683],{"class":72},[56,97556,77],{"class":76},[56,97558,6822],{"class":378},[56,97560,156],{"class":76},[56,97562,82594],{"class":25284},[56,97564,99],{"class":76},[20,97566,97567,97568,97570,97571,156],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97569,96496],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[264,97572,53551],{"href":97573},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[42,97575,2343],{"id":2342},[353,97577,2347,97579,97581],{"id":97578},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97580,96496],{}," return a new set?",[20,97583,97584,97585,156],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97586,4319],{},[353,97588,97590],{"id":97589},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97592,97593],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[353,97595,97597],{"id":97596},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97599,2638,97600,11624,97603,156],{},[15,97601,97602],{},"set.update()",[15,97604,96491],{},[353,97606,97608],{"id":97607},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97610,97611,97612,156],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97613,3547],{},[42,97615,2417],{"id":2416},[173,97617,97618,97622,97627],{},[176,97619,97620],{},[264,97621,96616],{"href":96615},[176,97623,97624],{},[264,97625,97626],{"href":96619},"How to create a set in Python",[176,97628,97629],{},[264,97630,97102,97631,11273],{"href":97101},[15,97632,15488],{},[20,97634,97635,97636,97638],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97637,96491],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2451,97640,97641],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":97643},[97644,97645,97647,97648,97649,97650,97654,97658,97659,97660,97667],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":96588,"depth":87,"text":97646},"What set.add() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":96831,"depth":87,"text":96832},{"id":96922,"depth":87,"text":97651,"children":97652},"add() vs update()",[97653],{"id":97082,"depth":102,"text":97083},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954,"children":97655},[97656,97657],{"id":97121,"depth":102,"text":97122},{"id":62267,"depth":102,"text":97178},{"id":97254,"depth":87,"text":97255},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":97661},[97662,97664,97665,97666],{"id":97578,"depth":102,"text":97663},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97589,"depth":102,"text":97590},{"id":97596,"depth":102,"text":97597},{"id":97607,"depth":102,"text":97608},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96482,"description":97668},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97675,"title":97676,"body":97677,"description":98846,"extension":2509,"meta":98847,"navigation":105,"path":98848,"seo":98849,"stem":98850,"__hash__":98851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97678,"toc":98813},[97679,97684,97690,97697,97742,97744,97755,97760,97765,97769,97783,97788,97790,97792,97807,97809,97823,97825,97827,97892,97894,97904,97906,97924,97930,97937,97942,98016,98018,98035,98041,98046,98117,98119,98146,98163,98166,98172,98174,98181,98185,98252,98254,98269,98272,98325,98327,98335,98347,98349,98353,98358,98360,98409,98411,98419,98421,98466,98468,98478,98484,98492,98505,98511,98513,98542,98544,98562,98566,98569,98600,98602,98620,98624,98699,98701,98717,98724,98726,98731,98736,98742,98745,98749,98757,98764,98772,98774,98810],[10,97680,96488,97682,11854],{"id":97681},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97683,11853],{},[20,97685,97686,97689],{},[15,97687,97688],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97691,97692,97693,97696],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[37,97694,97695],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[47,97698,97700],{"className":49,"code":97699,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97701,97702,97722,97732],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97703,97704,97706,97708,97710,97712,97714,97716,97718,97720],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97705,1594],{"class":65},[56,97707,1217],{"class":827},[56,97709,11023],{"class":76},[56,97711,529],{"class":80},[56,97713,306],{"class":76},[56,97715,414],{"class":80},[56,97717,306],{"class":76},[56,97719,419],{"class":80},[56,97721,9841],{"class":76},[56,97723,97724,97726,97728,97730],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97725,1618],{"class":65},[56,97727,156],{"class":76},[56,97729,11915],{"class":95},[56,97731,9174],{"class":76},[56,97733,97734,97736,97738,97740],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97735,373],{"class":72},[56,97737,77],{"class":76},[56,97739,1618],{"class":95},[56,97741,99],{"class":76},[20,97743,239],{},[47,97745,97747],{"className":49,"code":97746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n",[15,97748,97749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97750,97751,97753],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97752,6822],{"class":378},[56,97754,9174],{"class":76},[20,97756,97757,97759],{},[15,97758,11853],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[42,97761,160,97763,163],{"id":97762},"what-setclear-does",[15,97764,97688],{},[20,97766,2526,97767,11945],{},[15,97768,11853],{},[173,97770,97771,97774,97776,97780],{},[176,97772,97773],{},"Removes every item from a set",[176,97775,96603],{},[176,97777,11956,97778],{},[15,97779,4319],{},[176,97781,97782],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97784,96612,97785,72101],{},[264,97786,96616],{"href":97787},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[42,97789,2702],{"id":2701},[20,97791,54946],{},[47,97793,97795],{"className":49,"code":97794,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97796,97797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97798,97799,97801,97803,97805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97800,16201],{"class":65},[56,97802,156],{"class":76},[56,97804,11915],{"class":95},[56,97806,9174],{"class":76},[20,97808,171],{},[173,97810,97811,97814,97817,97820],{},[176,97812,97813],{},"It takes no arguments",[176,97815,97816],{},"It empties the set",[176,97818,97819],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[176,97821,97822],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[42,97824,12008],{"id":12007},[20,97826,12011],{},[47,97828,97830],{"className":49,"code":97829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97831,97832,97864,97868,97878,97882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97833,97834,97836,97838,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97835,13609],{"class":65},[56,97837,1217],{"class":827},[56,97839,11023],{"class":76},[56,97841,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97843,13626],{"class":1020},[56,97845,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97847,306],{"class":76},[56,97849,1231],{"class":1016},[56,97851,17990],{"class":1020},[56,97853,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97855,306],{"class":76},[56,97857,1231],{"class":1016},[56,97859,13643],{"class":1020},[56,97861,1017],{"class":1016},[56,97863,9841],{"class":76},[56,97865,97866],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97867,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97869,97870,97872,97874,97876],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97871,18037],{"class":65},[56,97873,156],{"class":76},[56,97875,11915],{"class":95},[56,97877,9174],{"class":76},[56,97879,97880],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,97881,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97883,97884,97886,97888,97890],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,97885,373],{"class":72},[56,97887,77],{"class":76},[56,97889,18037],{"class":95},[56,97891,99],{"class":76},[20,97893,239],{},[47,97895,97896],{"className":49,"code":97746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,97897,97898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97899,97900,97902],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97901,6822],{"class":378},[56,97903,9174],{"class":76},[20,97905,12217],{},[173,97907,97908,97913,97918],{},[176,97909,97910,97912],{},[15,97911,18037],{}," starts with three values",[176,97914,97915,12230],{},[15,97916,97917],{},"colors.clear()",[176,97919,97920,97921,97923],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97922,4338],{},", which means an empty set",[42,97925,97927,97929],{"id":97926},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97928,11853],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97931,97932,4935,97934,97936],{},[15,97933,11853],{},[15,97935,4338],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[353,97938,958,97940],{"id":97939},"using-clear",[15,97941,11853],{},[47,97943,97945],{"className":49,"code":97944,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97946,97947,97967,97977,97981,97991,97995,98005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97948,97949,97951,97953,97955,97957,97959,97961,97963,97965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97950,1214],{"class":65},[56,97952,1217],{"class":827},[56,97954,11023],{"class":76},[56,97956,529],{"class":80},[56,97958,306],{"class":76},[56,97960,414],{"class":80},[56,97962,306],{"class":76},[56,97964,419],{"class":80},[56,97966,9841],{"class":76},[56,97968,97969,97972,97974],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,97970,97971],{"class":65},"other_name ",[56,97973,1217],{"class":827},[56,97975,97976],{"class":65}," items\n",[56,97978,97979],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97980,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97982,97983,97985,97987,97989],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,97984,1271],{"class":65},[56,97986,156],{"class":76},[56,97988,11915],{"class":95},[56,97990,9174],{"class":76},[56,97992,97993],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,97994,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,97996,97997,97999,98001,98003],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,97998,373],{"class":72},[56,98000,77],{"class":76},[56,98002,1271],{"class":95},[56,98004,99],{"class":76},[56,98006,98007,98009,98011,98014],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,98008,373],{"class":72},[56,98010,77],{"class":76},[56,98012,98013],{"class":95},"other_name",[56,98015,99],{"class":76},[20,98017,239],{},[47,98019,98021],{"className":49,"code":98020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98022,98023,98029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98024,98025,98027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98026,6822],{"class":378},[56,98028,9174],{"class":76},[56,98030,98031,98033],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98032,6822],{"class":378},[56,98034,9174],{"class":76},[20,98036,98037,98038,156],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[37,98039,98040],{},"same set object",[353,98042,958,98044],{"id":98043},"using-set",[15,98045,4338],{},[47,98047,98049],{"className":49,"code":98048,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98050,98051,98071,98079,98083,98093,98097,98107],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98052,98053,98055,98057,98059,98061,98063,98065,98067,98069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98054,1214],{"class":65},[56,98056,1217],{"class":827},[56,98058,11023],{"class":76},[56,98060,529],{"class":80},[56,98062,306],{"class":76},[56,98064,414],{"class":80},[56,98066,306],{"class":76},[56,98068,419],{"class":80},[56,98070,9841],{"class":76},[56,98072,98073,98075,98077],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98074,97971],{"class":65},[56,98076,1217],{"class":827},[56,98078,97976],{"class":65},[56,98080,98081],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98082,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98084,98085,98087,98089,98091],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,98086,1214],{"class":65},[56,98088,1217],{"class":827},[56,98090,16168],{"class":378},[56,98092,9174],{"class":76},[56,98094,98095],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,98096,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98098,98099,98101,98103,98105],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,98100,373],{"class":72},[56,98102,77],{"class":76},[56,98104,1271],{"class":95},[56,98106,99],{"class":76},[56,98108,98109,98111,98113,98115],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,98110,373],{"class":72},[56,98112,77],{"class":76},[56,98114,98013],{"class":95},[56,98116,99],{"class":76},[20,98118,239],{},[47,98120,98122],{"className":49,"code":98121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98123,98124,98130],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98125,98126,98128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98127,6822],{"class":378},[56,98129,9174],{"class":76},[56,98131,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98133,9810],{"class":76},[56,98135,529],{"class":80},[56,98137,306],{"class":76},[56,98139,414],{"class":80},[56,98141,306],{"class":76},[56,98143,419],{"class":80},[56,98145,9841],{"class":76},[20,98147,21306,98148,93380,98151,98154,98155,156,98157,98159,98160,98162],{},[15,98149,98150],{},"items = set()",[37,98152,98153],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98156,1271],{},[10378,98158],{},"\nBut ",[15,98161,98013],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98164,98165],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98167,98168,98169,156],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[264,98170,96620],{"href":98171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[42,98173,17954],{"id":17953},[20,98175,98176,14588,98178,98180],{},[15,98177,11853],{},[37,98179,5170],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98182,5688,98183,156],{},[15,98184,4319],{},[47,98186,98188],{"className":49,"code":98187,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98189,98190,98210,98214,98228,98232,98242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98191,98192,98194,98196,98198,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98193,1594],{"class":65},[56,98195,1217],{"class":827},[56,98197,11023],{"class":76},[56,98199,529],{"class":80},[56,98201,306],{"class":76},[56,98203,414],{"class":80},[56,98205,306],{"class":76},[56,98207,419],{"class":80},[56,98209,9841],{"class":76},[56,98211,98212],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98213,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98215,98216,98218,98220,98222,98224,98226],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98217,2775],{"class":65},[56,98219,1217],{"class":827},[56,98221,4804],{"class":65},[56,98223,156],{"class":76},[56,98225,11915],{"class":95},[56,98227,9174],{"class":76},[56,98229,98230],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,98231,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98233,98234,98236,98238,98240],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,98235,373],{"class":72},[56,98237,77],{"class":76},[56,98239,2809],{"class":95},[56,98241,99],{"class":76},[56,98243,98244,98246,98248,98250],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,98245,373],{"class":72},[56,98247,77],{"class":76},[56,98249,1618],{"class":95},[56,98251,99],{"class":76},[20,98253,239],{},[47,98255,98257],{"className":49,"code":98256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\nset()\n",[15,98258,98259,98263],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98260,98261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98262,12342],{"class":4393},[56,98264,98265,98267],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98266,6822],{"class":378},[56,98268,9174],{"class":76},[20,98270,98271],{},"Do not do this:",[47,98273,98275],{"className":49,"code":98274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98276,98277,98297,98311,98315],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98278,98279,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98280,1594],{"class":65},[56,98282,1217],{"class":827},[56,98284,11023],{"class":76},[56,98286,529],{"class":80},[56,98288,306],{"class":76},[56,98290,414],{"class":80},[56,98292,306],{"class":76},[56,98294,419],{"class":80},[56,98296,9841],{"class":76},[56,98298,98299,98301,98303,98305,98307,98309],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98300,1594],{"class":65},[56,98302,1217],{"class":827},[56,98304,4804],{"class":65},[56,98306,156],{"class":76},[56,98308,11915],{"class":95},[56,98310,9174],{"class":76},[56,98312,98313],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98314,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98316,98317,98319,98321,98323],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,98318,373],{"class":72},[56,98320,77],{"class":76},[56,98322,1618],{"class":95},[56,98324,99],{"class":76},[20,98326,239],{},[47,98328,98329],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98330,98331],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98332,98333],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98334,12342],{"class":4393},[20,98336,22725,98337,2942,98339,98341,98342,98344,98345,156],{},[15,98338,55059],{},[15,98340,4319],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98343,4319],{}," back to ",[15,98346,1618],{},[42,98348,1690],{"id":1689},[20,98350,11280,98351,156],{},[15,98352,97688],{},[353,98354,13128,98356],{"id":98355},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98357,11853],{},[20,98359,17179],{},[47,98361,98363],{"className":49,"code":98362,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98364,98365,98385,98399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98366,98367,98369,98371,98373,98375,98377,98379,98381,98383],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98368,16163],{"class":65},[56,98370,1217],{"class":827},[56,98372,11023],{"class":76},[56,98374,529],{"class":80},[56,98376,306],{"class":76},[56,98378,414],{"class":80},[56,98380,306],{"class":76},[56,98382,419],{"class":80},[56,98384,9841],{"class":76},[56,98386,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98388,16163],{"class":65},[56,98390,1217],{"class":827},[56,98392,97212],{"class":65},[56,98394,156],{"class":76},[56,98396,11915],{"class":95},[56,98398,9174],{"class":76},[56,98400,98401,98403,98405,98407],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98402,373],{"class":72},[56,98404,77],{"class":76},[56,98406,16201],{"class":95},[56,98408,99],{"class":76},[20,98410,239],{},[47,98412,98413],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98414,98415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98416,98417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98418,12342],{"class":4393},[20,98420,17191],{},[47,98422,98424],{"className":49,"code":98423,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98425,98426,98446,98456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98429,16163],{"class":65},[56,98431,1217],{"class":827},[56,98433,11023],{"class":76},[56,98435,529],{"class":80},[56,98437,306],{"class":76},[56,98439,414],{"class":80},[56,98441,306],{"class":76},[56,98443,419],{"class":80},[56,98445,9841],{"class":76},[56,98447,98448,98450,98452,98454],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98449,16201],{"class":65},[56,98451,156],{"class":76},[56,98453,11915],{"class":95},[56,98455,9174],{"class":76},[56,98457,98458,98460,98462,98464],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98459,373],{"class":72},[56,98461,77],{"class":76},[56,98463,16201],{"class":95},[56,98465,99],{"class":76},[20,98467,239],{},[47,98469,98470],{"className":49,"code":97746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98471,98472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98473,98474,98476],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98475,6822],{"class":378},[56,98477,9174],{"class":76},[353,98479,8983,98481,98483],{"id":98480},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98482,11853],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98485,98486,98488,98489,98491],{},[15,98487,11853],{}," removes ",[37,98490,4256],{}," items from the set.",[20,98493,98494,98495,3422,98500,156],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[264,98496,98498],{"href":98497},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98499,56028],{},[264,98501,98503],{"href":98502},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98504,13296],{},[353,98506,958,98508,98510],{"id":98507},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98509,4333],{}," for an empty set",[20,98512,26223],{},[47,98514,98516],{"className":49,"code":98515,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98517,98518,98527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98519,98520,98523,98525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98521,98522],{"class":65},"empty_value ",[56,98524,1217],{"class":827},[56,98526,10370],{"class":76},[56,98528,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98540],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98530,373],{"class":72},[56,98532,77],{"class":76},[56,98534,2312],{"class":378},[56,98536,77],{"class":76},[56,98538,98539],{"class":95},"empty_value",[56,98541,1635],{"class":76},[20,98543,239],{},[47,98545,98546],{"className":49,"code":9340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98547,98548],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98549,98550,98552,98554,98556,98558,98560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98551,3833],{"class":827},[56,98553,3836],{"class":2610},[56,98555,3839],{"class":1016},[56,98557,9353],{"class":1020},[56,98559,3844],{"class":1016},[56,98561,3847],{"class":827},[20,98563,98564,9320],{},[15,98565,4333],{},[20,98567,98568],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[47,98570,98572],{"className":49,"code":98571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98573,98574,98585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98575,98576,98579,98581,98583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98577,98578],{"class":65},"empty_set ",[56,98580,1217],{"class":827},[56,98582,16168],{"class":378},[56,98584,9174],{"class":76},[56,98586,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595,98598],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98588,373],{"class":72},[56,98590,77],{"class":76},[56,98592,2312],{"class":378},[56,98594,77],{"class":76},[56,98596,98597],{"class":95},"empty_set",[56,98599,1635],{"class":76},[20,98601,239],{},[47,98603,98604],{"className":49,"code":9384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98605,98606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98607,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98609,3833],{"class":827},[56,98611,3836],{"class":2610},[56,98613,3839],{"class":1016},[56,98615,6822],{"class":1020},[56,98617,3844],{"class":1016},[56,98619,3847],{"class":827},[353,98621,98623],{"id":98622},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[47,98625,98627],{"className":49,"code":98626,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98628,98629,98653,98661,98665,98675,98679,98689],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98630,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98632,3098],{"class":65},[56,98634,1217],{"class":827},[56,98636,11023],{"class":76},[56,98638,1017],{"class":1016},[56,98640,2719],{"class":1020},[56,98642,1017],{"class":1016},[56,98644,306],{"class":76},[56,98646,1231],{"class":1016},[56,98648,12279],{"class":1020},[56,98650,1017],{"class":1016},[56,98652,9841],{"class":76},[56,98654,98655,98657,98659],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98656,3125],{"class":65},[56,98658,1217],{"class":827},[56,98660,1308],{"class":65},[56,98662,98663],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98664,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98666,98667,98669,98671,98673],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,98668,264],{"class":65},[56,98670,156],{"class":76},[56,98672,11915],{"class":95},[56,98674,9174],{"class":76},[56,98676,98677],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,98678,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98680,98681,98683,98685,98687],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,98682,373],{"class":72},[56,98684,77],{"class":76},[56,98686,264],{"class":95},[56,98688,99],{"class":76},[56,98690,98691,98693,98695,98697],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,98692,373],{"class":72},[56,98694,77],{"class":76},[56,98696,1234],{"class":95},[56,98698,99],{"class":76},[20,98700,239],{},[47,98702,98703],{"className":49,"code":98020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98704,98705,98711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98706,98707,98709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98708,6822],{"class":378},[56,98710,9174],{"class":76},[56,98712,98713,98715],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98714,6822],{"class":378},[56,98716,9174],{"class":76},[20,98718,29592,98719,4935,98721,98723],{},[15,98720,264],{},[15,98722,1234],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[42,98725,2343],{"id":2342},[353,98727,5682,98729,5685],{"id":98728},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98730,97688],{},[20,98732,5688,98733,98735],{},[15,98734,4319],{},". It empties the set in place.",[353,98737,2347,98739,98741],{"id":98738},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98740,11853],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98743,98744],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[353,98746,98748],{"id":98747},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98750,98751,98752,98754,98755,156],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98753,11853],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98756,4338],{},[353,98758,5718,98760,4935,98762,2363],{"id":98759},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98761,11853],{},[15,98763,4338],{},[20,98765,98766,98768,98769,98771],{},[15,98767,11853],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98770,4338],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[42,98773,2417],{"id":2416},[173,98775,98776,98780,98784,98791,98797,98803],{},[176,98777,98778],{},[264,98779,96616],{"href":97787},[176,98781,98782],{},[264,98783,97626],{"href":98171},[176,98785,98786],{},[264,98787,97102,98789,11273],{"href":98788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98790,96491],{},[176,98792,98793],{},[264,98794,97102,98795,11273],{"href":98497},[15,98796,56028],{},[176,98798,98799],{},[264,98800,97102,98801,11273],{"href":98502},[15,98802,13296],{},[176,98804,98805],{},[264,98806,97102,98808,11273],{"href":98807},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98809,15488],{},[2451,98811,98812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":98814},[98815,98817,98818,98819,98826,98827,98836,98845],{"id":97762,"depth":87,"text":98816},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":97926,"depth":87,"text":98820,"children":98821},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98822,98824],{"id":97939,"depth":102,"text":98823},"Using clear()",{"id":98043,"depth":102,"text":98825},"Using set()",{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":98828},[98829,98831,98833,98835],{"id":98355,"depth":102,"text":98830},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98480,"depth":102,"text":98832},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98507,"depth":102,"text":98834},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98622,"depth":102,"text":98623},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":98837},[98838,98840,98842,98843],{"id":98728,"depth":102,"text":98839},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98738,"depth":102,"text":98841},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98747,"depth":102,"text":98748},{"id":98759,"depth":102,"text":98844},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97676,"description":98846},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98853,"title":98854,"body":98855,"description":100687,"extension":2509,"meta":100688,"navigation":105,"path":96619,"seo":100689,"stem":100690,"__hash__":100691},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98856,"toc":100644},[98857,98860,98863,98866,98868,98971,98975,99022,99028,99030,99049,99053,99056,99058,99072,99081,99085,99088,99123,99127,99147,99150,99154,99157,99218,99222,99247,99254,99260,99265,99267,99279,99283,99332,99336,99360,99367,99371,99412,99416,99437,99441,99474,99478,99519,99522,99526,99531,99570,99574,99599,99604,99610,99647,99651,99674,99678,99680,99683,99686,99763,99767,99804,99807,99811,99817,99820,99830,99879,99885,99891,99918,99921,99943,99945,99976,99979,99983,99987,100026,100030,100093,100096,100129,100133,100158,100160,100163,100169,100172,100199,100202,100220,100224,100228,100231,100274,100277,100281,100284,100287,100317,100320,100324,100327,100342,100347,100351,100354,100443,100445,100448,100538,100541,100559,100561,100565,100575,100579,100587,100591,100594,100598,100601,100605,100608,100610,100638,100641],[10,98858,98854],{"id":98859},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98861,98862],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98864,98865],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[42,98867,4151],{"id":4150},[47,98869,98871],{"className":49,"code":98870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98872,98873,98893,98927,98937,98941,98951,98961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98874,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98876,1594],{"class":65},[56,98878,1217],{"class":827},[56,98880,11023],{"class":76},[56,98882,529],{"class":80},[56,98884,306],{"class":76},[56,98886,414],{"class":80},[56,98888,306],{"class":76},[56,98890,419],{"class":80},[56,98892,9841],{"class":76},[56,98894,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98896,4610],{"class":65},[56,98898,1217],{"class":827},[56,98900,16168],{"class":378},[56,98902,3528],{"class":76},[56,98904,1017],{"class":1016},[56,98906,4619],{"class":1020},[56,98908,1017],{"class":1016},[56,98910,306],{"class":76},[56,98912,1231],{"class":1016},[56,98914,4628],{"class":1020},[56,98916,1017],{"class":1016},[56,98918,306],{"class":76},[56,98920,1231],{"class":1016},[56,98922,4619],{"class":1020},[56,98924,1017],{"class":1016},[56,98926,1294],{"class":76},[56,98928,98929,98931,98933,98935],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98930,98578],{"class":65},[56,98932,1217],{"class":827},[56,98934,16168],{"class":378},[56,98936,9174],{"class":76},[56,98938,98939],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,98940,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,98942,98943,98945,98947,98949],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,98944,373],{"class":72},[56,98946,77],{"class":76},[56,98948,1618],{"class":95},[56,98950,99],{"class":76},[56,98952,98953,98955,98957,98959],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,98954,373],{"class":72},[56,98956,77],{"class":76},[56,98958,4654],{"class":95},[56,98960,99],{"class":76},[56,98962,98963,98965,98967,98969],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,98964,373],{"class":72},[56,98966,77],{"class":76},[56,98968,98597],{"class":95},[56,98970,99],{"class":76},[20,98972,98973],{},[37,98974,239],{},[47,98976,98978],{"className":49,"code":98977,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98979,98980,98996,99016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98981,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98983,9810],{"class":76},[56,98985,529],{"class":80},[56,98987,306],{"class":76},[56,98989,414],{"class":80},[56,98991,306],{"class":76},[56,98993,419],{"class":80},[56,98995,9841],{"class":76},[56,98997,98998,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,98999,9810],{"class":76},[56,99001,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99003,4628],{"class":1020},[56,99005,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99007,306],{"class":76},[56,99009,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99011,4619],{"class":1020},[56,99013,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99015,9841],{"class":76},[56,99017,99018,99020],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99019,6822],{"class":378},[56,99021,9174],{"class":76},[20,99023,99024,99025,99027],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99026,4338],{}," for an empty set.",[42,99029,15697],{"id":15696},[173,99031,99032,99035,99040,99043,99046],{},[176,99033,99034],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[176,99036,99037,99038],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99039,4338],{},[176,99041,99042],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[176,99044,99045],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[176,99047,99048],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[42,99050,99052],{"id":99051},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99054,99055],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99057,31070],{},[173,99059,99060,99063,99066,99069],{},[176,99061,99062],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[176,99064,99065],{},"Sets are unordered",[176,99067,99068],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[176,99070,99071],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99073,99074,99075,3422,99077,156],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[264,99076,96616],{"href":97787},[264,99078,99080],{"href":99079},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[42,99082,99084],{"id":99083},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99086,99087],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[47,99089,99091],{"className":49,"code":99090,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99092,99093,99113],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99094,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99096,1594],{"class":65},[56,99098,1217],{"class":827},[56,99100,11023],{"class":76},[56,99102,529],{"class":80},[56,99104,306],{"class":76},[56,99106,414],{"class":80},[56,99108,306],{"class":76},[56,99110,419],{"class":80},[56,99112,9841],{"class":76},[56,99114,99115,99117,99119,99121],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99116,373],{"class":72},[56,99118,77],{"class":76},[56,99120,1618],{"class":95},[56,99122,99],{"class":76},[20,99124,99125],{},[37,99126,30559],{},[47,99128,99129],{"className":49,"code":96895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,99130,99131],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99132,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99134,9810],{"class":76},[56,99136,529],{"class":80},[56,99138,306],{"class":76},[56,99140,414],{"class":80},[56,99142,306],{"class":76},[56,99144,419],{"class":80},[56,99146,9841],{"class":76},[20,99148,99149],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[353,99151,99153],{"id":99152},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99155,99156],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[47,99158,99160],{"className":49,"code":99159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99161,99162,99194,99204],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99163,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99165,1594],{"class":65},[56,99167,1217],{"class":827},[56,99169,11023],{"class":76},[56,99171,529],{"class":80},[56,99173,306],{"class":76},[56,99175,414],{"class":80},[56,99177,306],{"class":76},[56,99179,414],{"class":80},[56,99181,306],{"class":76},[56,99183,419],{"class":80},[56,99185,306],{"class":76},[56,99187,419],{"class":80},[56,99189,306],{"class":76},[56,99191,419],{"class":80},[56,99193,9841],{"class":76},[56,99195,99196,99198,99200,99202],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99197,373],{"class":72},[56,99199,77],{"class":76},[56,99201,1618],{"class":95},[56,99203,99],{"class":76},[56,99205,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99207,373],{"class":72},[56,99209,77],{"class":76},[56,99211,1266],{"class":72},[56,99213,77],{"class":76},[56,99215,1618],{"class":95},[56,99217,1635],{"class":76},[20,99219,99220],{},[37,99221,30559],{},[47,99223,99225],{"className":49,"code":99224,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99226,99227,99243],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99228,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99230,9810],{"class":76},[56,99232,529],{"class":80},[56,99234,306],{"class":76},[56,99236,414],{"class":80},[56,99238,306],{"class":76},[56,99240,419],{"class":80},[56,99242,9841],{"class":76},[56,99244,99245],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99246,47123],{"class":80},[20,99248,21513,99249,4935,99251,99253],{},[15,99250,463],{},[15,99252,223],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[42,99255,99257,99258],{"id":99256},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99259,4338],{},[20,99261,2638,99262,99264],{},[15,99263,4338],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99266,5997],{},[173,99268,99269,99271,99273,99275],{},[176,99270,97375],{},[176,99272,96671],{},[176,99274,56964],{},[176,99276,99277],{},[15,99278,17],{},[353,99280,99282],{"id":99281},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[47,99284,99286],{"className":49,"code":99285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99287,99288,99322],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99289,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99291,1594],{"class":65},[56,99293,1217],{"class":827},[56,99295,16168],{"class":378},[56,99297,3528],{"class":76},[56,99299,529],{"class":80},[56,99301,306],{"class":76},[56,99303,414],{"class":80},[56,99305,306],{"class":76},[56,99307,414],{"class":80},[56,99309,306],{"class":76},[56,99311,419],{"class":80},[56,99313,306],{"class":76},[56,99315,419],{"class":80},[56,99317,306],{"class":76},[56,99319,424],{"class":80},[56,99321,1294],{"class":76},[56,99323,99324,99326,99328,99330],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99325,373],{"class":72},[56,99327,77],{"class":76},[56,99329,1618],{"class":95},[56,99331,99],{"class":76},[20,99333,99334],{},[37,99335,30559],{},[47,99337,99338],{"className":49,"code":96558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,99339,99340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99341,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99343,9810],{"class":76},[56,99345,529],{"class":80},[56,99347,306],{"class":76},[56,99349,414],{"class":80},[56,99351,306],{"class":76},[56,99353,419],{"class":80},[56,99355,306],{"class":76},[56,99357,424],{"class":80},[56,99359,9841],{"class":76},[20,99361,99362,99363,156],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[264,99364,99366],{"href":99365},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[353,99368,99370],{"id":99369},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[47,99372,99374],{"className":49,"code":99373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99375,99376,99402],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99377,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99379,4364],{"class":65},[56,99381,1217],{"class":827},[56,99383,16168],{"class":378},[56,99385,6049],{"class":76},[56,99387,2291],{"class":80},[56,99389,306],{"class":76},[56,99391,8323],{"class":80},[56,99393,306],{"class":76},[56,99395,8323],{"class":80},[56,99397,306],{"class":76},[56,99399,8328],{"class":80},[56,99401,1635],{"class":76},[56,99403,99404,99406,99408,99410],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99405,373],{"class":72},[56,99407,77],{"class":76},[56,99409,5898],{"class":95},[56,99411,99],{"class":76},[20,99413,99414],{},[37,99415,30559],{},[47,99417,99419],{"className":49,"code":99418,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99420,99421],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99422,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99424,9810],{"class":76},[56,99426,2291],{"class":80},[56,99428,306],{"class":76},[56,99430,8323],{"class":80},[56,99432,306],{"class":76},[56,99434,8328],{"class":80},[56,99436,9841],{"class":76},[353,99438,99440],{"id":99439},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[47,99442,99444],{"className":49,"code":99443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99445,99446,99464],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99447,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99449,36614],{"class":65},[56,99451,1217],{"class":827},[56,99453,16168],{"class":378},[56,99455,77],{"class":76},[56,99457,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99459,4386],{"class":1020},[56,99461,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99463,99],{"class":76},[56,99465,99466,99468,99470,99472],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99467,373],{"class":72},[56,99469,77],{"class":76},[56,99471,36666],{"class":95},[56,99473,99],{"class":76},[20,99475,99476],{},[37,99477,30559],{},[47,99479,99481],{"className":49,"code":99480,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99482,99483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99484,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99486,9810],{"class":76},[56,99488,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99490,60937],{"class":1020},[56,99492,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99494,306],{"class":76},[56,99496,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99498,60946],{"class":1020},[56,99500,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99502,306],{"class":76},[56,99504,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99506,60955],{"class":1020},[56,99508,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99510,306],{"class":76},[56,99512,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99514,60972],{"class":1020},[56,99516,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99518,9841],{"class":76},[20,99520,99521],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[42,99523,99525],{"id":99524},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99527,99528,99529,156],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99530,4338],{},[47,99532,99534],{"className":49,"code":99533,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99535,99536,99546,99556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99537,99538,99540,99542,99544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99539,98578],{"class":65},[56,99541,1217],{"class":827},[56,99543,16168],{"class":378},[56,99545,9174],{"class":76},[56,99547,99548,99550,99552,99554],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99549,373],{"class":72},[56,99551,77],{"class":76},[56,99553,98597],{"class":95},[56,99555,99],{"class":76},[56,99557,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99559,373],{"class":72},[56,99561,77],{"class":76},[56,99563,2312],{"class":378},[56,99565,77],{"class":76},[56,99567,98597],{"class":95},[56,99569,1635],{"class":76},[20,99571,99572],{},[37,99573,239],{},[47,99575,99577],{"className":49,"code":99576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99578,99579,99585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99580,99581,99583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99582,6822],{"class":378},[56,99584,9174],{"class":76},[56,99586,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99588,3833],{"class":827},[56,99590,3836],{"class":2610},[56,99592,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99594,6822],{"class":1020},[56,99596,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99598,3847],{"class":827},[353,99600,44936,99602],{"id":99601},"do-not-use",[15,99603,4333],{},[20,99605,99606,99607,99609],{},"Empty braces do ",[37,99608,5170],{}," create a set.",[47,99611,99613],{"className":49,"code":99612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99614,99615,99623,99633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99616,99617,99619,99621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99618,98522],{"class":65},[56,99620,1217],{"class":827},[56,99622,10370],{"class":76},[56,99624,99625,99627,99629,99631],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99626,373],{"class":72},[56,99628,77],{"class":76},[56,99630,98539],{"class":95},[56,99632,99],{"class":76},[56,99634,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99636,373],{"class":72},[56,99638,77],{"class":76},[56,99640,2312],{"class":378},[56,99642,77],{"class":76},[56,99644,98539],{"class":95},[56,99646,1635],{"class":76},[20,99648,99649],{},[37,99650,239],{},[47,99652,99654],{"className":49,"code":99653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99655,99656,99660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99657,99658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99659,9967],{"class":76},[56,99661,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99663,3833],{"class":827},[56,99665,3836],{"class":2610},[56,99667,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99669,9353],{"class":1020},[56,99671,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99673,3847],{"class":827},[20,99675,99676,9320],{},[15,99677,4333],{},[42,99679,72765],{"id":72764},[20,99681,99682],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99684,99685],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[47,99687,99689],{"className":49,"code":99688,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99690,99691,99739,99749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99692,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99694,4610],{"class":65},[56,99696,1217],{"class":827},[56,99698,11023],{"class":76},[56,99700,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99702,4619],{"class":1020},[56,99704,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99706,306],{"class":76},[56,99708,1231],{"class":1016},[56,99710,4628],{"class":1020},[56,99712,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99714,306],{"class":76},[56,99716,1231],{"class":1016},[56,99718,4619],{"class":1020},[56,99720,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99722,306],{"class":76},[56,99724,1231],{"class":1016},[56,99726,4619],{"class":1020},[56,99728,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99730,306],{"class":76},[56,99732,1231],{"class":1016},[56,99734,33751],{"class":1020},[56,99736,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99738,9841],{"class":76},[56,99740,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99742,373],{"class":72},[56,99744,77],{"class":76},[56,99746,4654],{"class":95},[56,99748,99],{"class":76},[56,99750,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99752,373],{"class":72},[56,99754,77],{"class":76},[56,99756,1266],{"class":72},[56,99758,77],{"class":76},[56,99760,4654],{"class":95},[56,99762,1635],{"class":76},[20,99764,99765],{},[37,99766,30559],{},[47,99768,99770],{"className":49,"code":99769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99771,99772,99800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99773,99774,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99775,9810],{"class":76},[56,99777,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99779,4628],{"class":1020},[56,99781,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99783,306],{"class":76},[56,99785,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99787,33751],{"class":1020},[56,99789,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99791,306],{"class":76},[56,99793,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99795,4619],{"class":1020},[56,99797,3844],{"class":1016},[56,99799,9841],{"class":76},[56,99801,99802],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99803,47123],{"class":80},[20,99805,99806],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[42,99808,99810],{"id":99809},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99812,99813,99814,99816],{},"Set items must be ",[37,99815,96659],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99818,99819],{},"These usually work:",[173,99821,99822,99824,99826,99828],{},[176,99823,56961],{},[176,99825,56964],{},[176,99827,96671],{},[176,99829,41106],{},[47,99831,99833],{"className":49,"code":99832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99834,99835,99869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99836,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99838,4364],{"class":65},[56,99840,1217],{"class":827},[56,99842,11023],{"class":76},[56,99844,529],{"class":80},[56,99846,306],{"class":76},[56,99848,1231],{"class":1016},[56,99850,4619],{"class":1020},[56,99852,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99854,306],{"class":76},[56,99856,9768],{"class":76},[56,99858,2291],{"class":80},[56,99860,306],{"class":76},[56,99862,8323],{"class":80},[56,99864,9765],{"class":76},[56,99866,4455],{"class":4393},[56,99868,9841],{"class":76},[56,99870,99871,99873,99875,99877],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,99872,373],{"class":72},[56,99874,77],{"class":76},[56,99876,5898],{"class":95},[56,99878,99],{"class":76},[20,99880,99881,99882,99884],{},"These do ",[37,99883,5170],{}," work directly:",[173,99886,99887,99889],{},[176,99888,97375],{},[176,99890,97378],{},[47,99892,99894],{"className":49,"code":99893,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99895,99896],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99897,99898,99901,99903,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99899,99900],{"class":65},"bad_set ",[56,99902,1217],{"class":827},[56,99904,99905],{"class":76}," {[",[56,99907,529],{"class":80},[56,99909,306],{"class":76},[56,99911,414],{"class":80},[56,99913,306],{"class":76},[56,99915,419],{"class":80},[56,99917,14240],{"class":76},[20,99919,99920],{},"This raises an error:",[47,99922,99923],{"className":49,"code":97434,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,99924,99925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99926,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937,99939,99941],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99928,3547],{"class":378},[56,99930,1045],{"class":76},[56,99932,97445],{"class":65},[56,99934,2312],{"class":378},[56,99936,1045],{"class":76},[56,99938,3839],{"class":1016},[56,99940,379],{"class":1020},[56,99942,30229],{"class":1016},[20,99944,52581],{},[47,99946,99948],{"className":49,"code":99947,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99949,99950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99951,99952,99954,99956,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971,99973],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99953,99900],{"class":65},[56,99955,1217],{"class":827},[56,99957,99958],{"class":76}," {{",[56,99960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99962,8201],{"class":1020},[56,99964,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99966,1045],{"class":76},[56,99968,1231],{"class":1016},[56,99970,8210],{"class":1020},[56,99972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,99974,99975],{"class":76},"}}\n",[20,99977,99978],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[42,99980,99982],{"id":99981},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[353,99984,99986],{"id":99985},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[47,99988,99990],{"className":49,"code":99989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99991,99992,100016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99993,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99995,1594],{"class":65},[56,99997,1217],{"class":827},[56,99999,11023],{"class":76},[56,100001,529],{"class":80},[56,100003,306],{"class":76},[56,100005,414],{"class":80},[56,100007,306],{"class":76},[56,100009,419],{"class":80},[56,100011,306],{"class":76},[56,100013,424],{"class":80},[56,100015,9841],{"class":76},[56,100017,100018,100020,100022,100024],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100019,373],{"class":72},[56,100021,77],{"class":76},[56,100023,1618],{"class":95},[56,100025,99],{"class":76},[353,100027,100029],{"id":100028},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[47,100031,100033],{"className":49,"code":100032,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100034,100035,100063,100078,100082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100036,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100038,1214],{"class":65},[56,100040,1217],{"class":827},[56,100042,1220],{"class":76},[56,100044,529],{"class":80},[56,100046,306],{"class":76},[56,100048,409],{"class":80},[56,100050,306],{"class":76},[56,100052,414],{"class":80},[56,100054,306],{"class":76},[56,100056,419],{"class":80},[56,100058,306],{"class":76},[56,100060,419],{"class":80},[56,100062,427],{"class":76},[56,100064,100065,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100066,100067],{"class":65},"unique_items ",[56,100069,1217],{"class":827},[56,100071,16168],{"class":378},[56,100073,77],{"class":76},[56,100075,1271],{"class":95},[56,100077,99],{"class":76},[56,100079,100080],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100081,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,100083,100084,100086,100088,100091],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,100085,373],{"class":72},[56,100087,77],{"class":76},[56,100089,100090],{"class":95},"unique_items",[56,100092,99],{"class":76},[353,100094,99440],{"id":100095},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[47,100097,100099],{"className":49,"code":100098,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100100,100101,100119],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100102,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100104,36614],{"class":65},[56,100106,1217],{"class":827},[56,100108,16168],{"class":378},[56,100110,77],{"class":76},[56,100112,1017],{"class":1016},[56,100114,4628],{"class":1020},[56,100116,1017],{"class":1016},[56,100118,99],{"class":76},[56,100120,100121,100123,100125,100127],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100122,373],{"class":72},[56,100124,77],{"class":76},[56,100126,36666],{"class":95},[56,100128,99],{"class":76},[353,100130,100132],{"id":100131},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[47,100134,100136],{"className":49,"code":100135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100137,100138,100148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100139,100140,100142,100144,100146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100141,98578],{"class":65},[56,100143,1217],{"class":827},[56,100145,16168],{"class":378},[56,100147,9174],{"class":76},[56,100149,100150,100152,100154,100156],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100151,373],{"class":72},[56,100153,77],{"class":76},[56,100155,98597],{"class":95},[56,100157,99],{"class":76},[42,100159,3374],{"id":3373},[20,100161,100162],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[353,100164,958,100166,100168],{"id":100165},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100167,4333],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100170,100171],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[47,100173,100175],{"className":49,"code":100174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100176,100177,100185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100178,100179,100181,100183],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100180,2992],{"class":65},[56,100182,1217],{"class":827},[56,100184,10370],{"class":76},[56,100186,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100188,373],{"class":72},[56,100190,77],{"class":76},[56,100192,2312],{"class":378},[56,100194,77],{"class":76},[56,100196,3017],{"class":95},[56,100198,1635],{"class":76},[20,100200,100201],{},"This prints:",[47,100203,100204],{"className":49,"code":9340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,100205,100206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100207,100208,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100209,3833],{"class":827},[56,100211,3836],{"class":2610},[56,100213,3839],{"class":1016},[56,100215,9353],{"class":1020},[56,100217,3844],{"class":1016},[56,100219,3847],{"class":827},[20,100221,2638,100222,7162],{},[15,100223,4338],{},[353,100225,100227],{"id":100226},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100229,100230],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[47,100232,100234],{"className":49,"code":100233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100235,100236,100264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100237,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100239,1594],{"class":65},[56,100241,1217],{"class":827},[56,100243,11023],{"class":76},[56,100245,529],{"class":80},[56,100247,306],{"class":76},[56,100249,409],{"class":80},[56,100251,306],{"class":76},[56,100253,414],{"class":80},[56,100255,306],{"class":76},[56,100257,414],{"class":80},[56,100259,306],{"class":76},[56,100261,419],{"class":80},[56,100263,9841],{"class":76},[56,100265,100266,100268,100270,100272],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100267,373],{"class":72},[56,100269,77],{"class":76},[56,100271,1618],{"class":95},[56,100273,99],{"class":76},[20,100275,100276],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[353,100278,100280],{"id":100279},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100282,100283],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100285,100286],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[47,100288,100290],{"className":49,"code":100289,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100291,100292,100312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100293,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100295,1594],{"class":65},[56,100297,1217],{"class":827},[56,100299,11023],{"class":76},[56,100301,2291],{"class":80},[56,100303,306],{"class":76},[56,100305,8323],{"class":80},[56,100307,306],{"class":76},[56,100309,8328],{"class":80},[56,100311,9841],{"class":76},[56,100313,100314],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100315,100316],{"class":112},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100318,100319],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[353,100321,100323],{"id":100322},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100325,100326],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[47,100328,100330],{"className":49,"code":100329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100331,100332,100337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100333,100334],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100335,100336],{"class":112},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[56,100338,100339],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100340,100341],{"class":112},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100343,100344,100345,156],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100346,3547],{},[353,100348,100350],{"id":100349},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100352,100353],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[47,100355,100357],{"className":49,"code":100356,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100358,100359,100379,100411,100415,100429],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100360,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100362,16163],{"class":65},[56,100364,1217],{"class":827},[56,100366,11023],{"class":76},[56,100368,529],{"class":80},[56,100370,306],{"class":76},[56,100372,414],{"class":80},[56,100374,306],{"class":76},[56,100376,419],{"class":80},[56,100378,9841],{"class":76},[56,100380,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100382,12258],{"class":65},[56,100384,1217],{"class":827},[56,100386,11023],{"class":76},[56,100388,1017],{"class":1016},[56,100390,264],{"class":1020},[56,100392,1017],{"class":1016},[56,100394,1045],{"class":76},[56,100396,409],{"class":80},[56,100398,306],{"class":76},[56,100400,1231],{"class":1016},[56,100402,1234],{"class":1020},[56,100404,1017],{"class":1016},[56,100406,1045],{"class":76},[56,100408,414],{"class":80},[56,100410,9841],{"class":76},[56,100412,100413],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100414,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,100416,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425,100427],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,100418,373],{"class":72},[56,100420,77],{"class":76},[56,100422,2312],{"class":378},[56,100424,77],{"class":76},[56,100426,16201],{"class":95},[56,100428,1635],{"class":76},[56,100430,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,100432,373],{"class":72},[56,100434,77],{"class":76},[56,100436,2312],{"class":378},[56,100438,77],{"class":76},[56,100440,11982],{"class":95},[56,100442,1635],{"class":76},[42,100444,2208],{"id":2207},[20,100446,100447],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[47,100449,100451],{"className":49,"code":100450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100452,100453,100479,100483,100497,100507,100521,100528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100454,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100456,16163],{"class":65},[56,100458,1217],{"class":827},[56,100460,16168],{"class":378},[56,100462,3528],{"class":76},[56,100464,529],{"class":80},[56,100466,306],{"class":76},[56,100468,414],{"class":80},[56,100470,306],{"class":76},[56,100472,414],{"class":80},[56,100474,306],{"class":76},[56,100476,419],{"class":80},[56,100478,1294],{"class":76},[56,100480,100481],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100482,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,100484,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100486,373],{"class":72},[56,100488,77],{"class":76},[56,100490,2312],{"class":378},[56,100492,77],{"class":76},[56,100494,16201],{"class":95},[56,100496,1635],{"class":76},[56,100498,100499,100501,100503,100505],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,100500,373],{"class":72},[56,100502,77],{"class":76},[56,100504,16201],{"class":95},[56,100506,99],{"class":76},[56,100508,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,100510,373],{"class":72},[56,100512,77],{"class":76},[56,100514,1266],{"class":72},[56,100516,77],{"class":76},[56,100518,16201],{"class":95},[56,100520,1635],{"class":76},[56,100522,100523,100525],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,100524,373],{"class":72},[56,100526,100527],{"class":76},"({})\n",[56,100529,100530,100532,100534,100536],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,100531,373],{"class":72},[56,100533,77],{"class":76},[56,100535,6822],{"class":378},[56,100537,7726],{"class":76},[20,100539,100540],{},"Use these to confirm:",[173,100542,100543,100546,100549,100552],{},[176,100544,100545],{},"The object type",[176,100547,100548],{},"The actual values stored",[176,100550,100551],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[176,100553,100554,100555,4935,100557],{},"The difference between ",[15,100556,4333],{},[15,100558,4338],{},[42,100560,2343],{"id":2342},[353,100562,100564],{"id":100563},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100566,100567,100568,100571,100572,100574],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100569,100570],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100573,4338],{}," with another iterable.",[353,100576,100578],{"id":100577},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100580,2638,100581,100583,100584,100586],{},[15,100582,4338],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100585,4333],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[353,100588,100590],{"id":100589},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100592,100593],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[353,100595,100597],{"id":100596},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100599,100600],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[353,100602,100604],{"id":100603},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100606,100607],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[42,100609,2417],{"id":2416},[173,100611,100612,100616,100622,100628,100633],{},[176,100613,100614],{},[264,100615,96616],{"href":97787},[176,100617,100618],{},[264,100619,13,100620,11273],{"href":98788},[15,100621,96496],{},[176,100623,100624],{},[264,100625,13,100626,11273],{"href":98807},[15,100627,97602],{},[176,100629,100630],{},[264,100631,100632],{"href":99365},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[176,100634,100635],{},[264,100636,100637],{"href":99079},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100639,100640],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2451,100642,100643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":100645},[100646,100647,100648,100649,100652,100658,100662,100663,100664,100670,100678,100679,100686],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":15696,"depth":87,"text":15697},{"id":99051,"depth":87,"text":99052},{"id":99083,"depth":87,"text":99084,"children":100650},[100651],{"id":99152,"depth":102,"text":99153},{"id":99256,"depth":87,"text":100653,"children":100654},"Create a set with set()",[100655,100656,100657],{"id":99281,"depth":102,"text":99282},{"id":99369,"depth":102,"text":99370},{"id":99439,"depth":102,"text":99440},{"id":99524,"depth":87,"text":99525,"children":100659},[100660],{"id":99601,"depth":102,"text":100661},"Do not use {}",{"id":72764,"depth":87,"text":72765},{"id":99809,"depth":87,"text":99810},{"id":99981,"depth":87,"text":99982,"children":100665},[100666,100667,100668,100669],{"id":99985,"depth":102,"text":99986},{"id":100028,"depth":102,"text":100029},{"id":100095,"depth":102,"text":99440},{"id":100131,"depth":102,"text":100132},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":100671},[100672,100674,100675,100676,100677],{"id":100165,"depth":102,"text":100673},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100226,"depth":102,"text":100227},{"id":100279,"depth":102,"text":100280},{"id":100322,"depth":102,"text":100323},{"id":100349,"depth":102,"text":100350},{"id":2207,"depth":87,"text":2208},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":100680},[100681,100682,100683,100684,100685],{"id":100563,"depth":102,"text":100564},{"id":100577,"depth":102,"text":100578},{"id":100589,"depth":102,"text":100590},{"id":100596,"depth":102,"text":100597},{"id":100603,"depth":102,"text":100604},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98854,"description":100687},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100693,"title":100694,"body":100695,"description":103126,"extension":2509,"meta":103127,"navigation":105,"path":103128,"seo":103129,"stem":103130,"__hash__":103131},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100696,"toc":103091},[100697,100703,100709,100712,100714,100791,100793,100810,100820,100822,100827,100835,100837,100853,100857,100859,100861,100864,100885,100888,100912,100918,100920,101017,101019,101036,101046,101048,101050,101058,101060,101071,101073,101164,101166,101190,101201,101203,101205,101208,101338,101340,101413,101415,101436,101439,101441,101447,101452,101455,101582,101584,101601,101604,101606,101614,101617,101621,101629,101720,101722,101759,101764,101771,101848,101850,101866,101871,101876,101878,101887,101895,101976,101978,102007,102010,102014,102025,102028,102111,102113,102134,102140,102142,102144,102148,102152,102159,102224,102226,102246,102249,102318,102320,102336,102340,102346,102358,102366,102368,102453,102455,102484,102487,102491,102496,102498,102548,102551,102632,102634,102650,102654,102657,102732,102735,102739,102742,102819,102821,102854,102860,102864,102867,103002,103004,103018,103020,103022,103028,103031,103038,103046,103052,103055,103059,103062,103064,103066,103088],[10,100698,96488,100700,11854],{"id":100699},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100701,100702],{},"difference()",[20,100704,100705,100708],{},[15,100706,100707],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100710,100711],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[42,100713,4151],{"id":4150},[47,100715,100717],{"className":49,"code":100716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100718,100719,100743,100763,100781],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100720,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100722,3098],{"class":65},[56,100724,1217],{"class":827},[56,100726,11023],{"class":76},[56,100728,529],{"class":80},[56,100730,306],{"class":76},[56,100732,414],{"class":80},[56,100734,306],{"class":76},[56,100736,419],{"class":80},[56,100738,306],{"class":76},[56,100740,424],{"class":80},[56,100742,9841],{"class":76},[56,100744,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100746,3125],{"class":65},[56,100748,1217],{"class":827},[56,100750,11023],{"class":76},[56,100752,223],{"class":80},[56,100754,306],{"class":76},[56,100756,424],{"class":80},[56,100758,306],{"class":76},[56,100760,496],{"class":80},[56,100762,9841],{"class":76},[56,100764,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100766,2775],{"class":65},[56,100768,1217],{"class":827},[56,100770,57387],{"class":65},[56,100772,156],{"class":76},[56,100774,3355],{"class":95},[56,100776,77],{"class":76},[56,100778,1234],{"class":95},[56,100780,99],{"class":76},[56,100782,100783,100785,100787,100789],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,100784,373],{"class":72},[56,100786,77],{"class":76},[56,100788,2809],{"class":95},[56,100790,99],{"class":76},[20,100792,239],{},[47,100794,100796],{"className":49,"code":100795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100797,100798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100799,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100801,9810],{"class":76},[56,100803,529],{"class":80},[56,100805,306],{"class":76},[56,100807,414],{"class":80},[56,100809,9841],{"class":76},[20,100811,100812,100814,100815,100817,100818,156],{},[15,100813,100702],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100816,264],{}," that are not in ",[15,100819,1234],{},[45424,100821],{},[42,100823,160,100825,163],{"id":100824},"what-difference-does",[15,100826,100702],{},[20,100828,2526,100829,100831,100832,100834],{},[15,100830,100702],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[37,100833,5170],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100836,171],{},[173,100838,100839,100844,100847,100850],{},[176,100840,100841,100843],{},[15,100842,100702],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[176,100845,100846],{},"It creates a new set",[176,100848,100849],{},"It does not change the original set",[176,100851,100852],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100854,96612,100855,156],{},[264,100856,96616],{"href":97787},[45424,100858],{},[42,100860,2702],{"id":2701},[20,100862,100863],{},"Use this form:",[47,100865,100867],{"className":49,"code":100866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100868,100869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100870,100871,100874,100876,100878,100880,100883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100872,100873],{"class":65},"set1",[56,100875,156],{"class":76},[56,100877,3355],{"class":95},[56,100879,77],{"class":76},[56,100881,100882],{"class":95},"set2",[56,100884,99],{"class":76},[20,100886,100887],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[47,100889,100891],{"className":49,"code":100890,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100892,100893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100894,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100896,100873],{"class":65},[56,100898,156],{"class":76},[56,100900,3355],{"class":95},[56,100902,77],{"class":76},[56,100904,100882],{"class":95},[56,100906,306],{"class":76},[56,100908,100909],{"class":95}," set3",[56,100911,99],{"class":76},[20,100913,100914,100915,100917],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[37,100916,5893],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100919,986],{},[47,100921,100923],{"className":49,"code":100922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100924,100925,100953,100969,100981,100985,101007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100926,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100928,3098],{"class":65},[56,100930,1217],{"class":827},[56,100932,11023],{"class":76},[56,100934,529],{"class":80},[56,100936,306],{"class":76},[56,100938,414],{"class":80},[56,100940,306],{"class":76},[56,100942,419],{"class":80},[56,100944,306],{"class":76},[56,100946,424],{"class":80},[56,100948,306],{"class":76},[56,100950,496],{"class":80},[56,100952,9841],{"class":76},[56,100954,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,100956,3125],{"class":65},[56,100958,1217],{"class":827},[56,100960,11023],{"class":76},[56,100962,463],{"class":80},[56,100964,306],{"class":76},[56,100966,419],{"class":80},[56,100968,9841],{"class":76},[56,100970,100971,100973,100975,100977,100979],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100972,83673],{"class":65},[56,100974,1217],{"class":827},[56,100976,11023],{"class":76},[56,100978,81],{"class":80},[56,100980,9841],{"class":76},[56,100982,100983],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,100984,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,100986,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,100988,2775],{"class":65},[56,100990,1217],{"class":827},[56,100992,57387],{"class":65},[56,100994,156],{"class":76},[56,100996,3355],{"class":95},[56,100998,77],{"class":76},[56,101000,1234],{"class":95},[56,101002,306],{"class":76},[56,101004,10214],{"class":95},[56,101006,99],{"class":76},[56,101008,101009,101011,101013,101015],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,101010,373],{"class":72},[56,101012,77],{"class":76},[56,101014,2809],{"class":95},[56,101016,99],{"class":76},[20,101018,239],{},[47,101020,101022],{"className":49,"code":101021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101023,101024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101025,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101027,9810],{"class":76},[56,101029,529],{"class":80},[56,101031,306],{"class":76},[56,101033,424],{"class":80},[56,101035,9841],{"class":76},[20,101037,101038,101039,101041,101042,3422,101044,156],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101040,264],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101043,1234],{},[15,101045,1243],{},[45424,101047],{},[42,101049,17954],{"id":17953},[20,101051,101052,101054,101055,156],{},[15,101053,100702],{}," always returns a ",[37,101056,101057],{},"new set",[20,101059,44157],{},[173,101061,101062,101065,101068],{},[176,101063,101064],{},"The return value is a new set",[176,101066,101067],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[176,101069,101070],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101072,986],{},[47,101074,101076],{"className":49,"code":101075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101077,101078,101094,101114,101118,101136,101140,101150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101079,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101081,3098],{"class":65},[56,101083,1217],{"class":827},[56,101085,11023],{"class":76},[56,101087,529],{"class":80},[56,101089,306],{"class":76},[56,101091,414],{"class":80},[56,101093,9841],{"class":76},[56,101095,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101097,3125],{"class":65},[56,101099,1217],{"class":827},[56,101101,11023],{"class":76},[56,101103,529],{"class":80},[56,101105,306],{"class":76},[56,101107,414],{"class":80},[56,101109,306],{"class":76},[56,101111,419],{"class":80},[56,101113,9841],{"class":76},[56,101115,101116],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101117,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101119,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,101121,2775],{"class":65},[56,101123,1217],{"class":827},[56,101125,57387],{"class":65},[56,101127,156],{"class":76},[56,101129,3355],{"class":95},[56,101131,77],{"class":76},[56,101133,1234],{"class":95},[56,101135,99],{"class":76},[56,101137,101138],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,101139,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101141,101142,101144,101146,101148],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,101143,373],{"class":72},[56,101145,77],{"class":76},[56,101147,2809],{"class":95},[56,101149,99],{"class":76},[56,101151,101152,101154,101156,101158,101160,101162],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,101153,373],{"class":72},[56,101155,77],{"class":76},[56,101157,2312],{"class":378},[56,101159,77],{"class":76},[56,101161,2809],{"class":95},[56,101163,1635],{"class":76},[20,101165,239],{},[47,101167,101168],{"className":49,"code":99576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,101169,101170,101176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101171,101172,101174],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101173,6822],{"class":378},[56,101175,9174],{"class":76},[56,101177,101178,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101179,3833],{"class":827},[56,101181,3836],{"class":2610},[56,101183,3839],{"class":1016},[56,101185,6822],{"class":1020},[56,101187,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101189,3847],{"class":827},[20,101191,101192,101193,1807,101195,101197,101198,101200],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101194,4338],{},[15,101196,4333],{},". In Python, ",[15,101199,4333],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45424,101202],{},[42,101204,12008],{"id":12007},[20,101206,101207],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[47,101209,101211],{"className":49,"code":101210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101212,101213,101246,101279,101283,101303,101307,101317,101328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101214,101215,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101216,101217],{"class":65},"fruits_a ",[56,101219,1217],{"class":827},[56,101221,11023],{"class":76},[56,101223,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101225,4619],{"class":1020},[56,101227,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101229,306],{"class":76},[56,101231,1231],{"class":1016},[56,101233,4628],{"class":1020},[56,101235,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101237,306],{"class":76},[56,101239,1231],{"class":1016},[56,101241,33751],{"class":1020},[56,101243,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101245,9841],{"class":76},[56,101247,101248,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101249,101250],{"class":65},"fruits_b ",[56,101252,1217],{"class":827},[56,101254,11023],{"class":76},[56,101256,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101258,4628],{"class":1020},[56,101260,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101262,306],{"class":76},[56,101264,1231],{"class":1016},[56,101266,33751],{"class":1020},[56,101268,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101270,306],{"class":76},[56,101272,1231],{"class":1016},[56,101274,23069],{"class":1020},[56,101276,1017],{"class":1016},[56,101278,9841],{"class":76},[56,101280,101281],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101282,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101284,101285,101287,101289,101292,101294,101296,101298,101301],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,101286,2775],{"class":65},[56,101288,1217],{"class":827},[56,101290,101291],{"class":65}," fruits_a",[56,101293,156],{"class":76},[56,101295,3355],{"class":95},[56,101297,77],{"class":76},[56,101299,101300],{"class":95},"fruits_b",[56,101302,99],{"class":76},[56,101304,101305],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,101306,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101308,101309,101311,101313,101315],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,101310,373],{"class":72},[56,101312,77],{"class":76},[56,101314,2809],{"class":95},[56,101316,99],{"class":76},[56,101318,101319,101321,101323,101326],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,101320,373],{"class":72},[56,101322,77],{"class":76},[56,101324,101325],{"class":95},"fruits_a",[56,101327,99],{"class":76},[56,101329,101330,101332,101334,101336],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,101331,373],{"class":72},[56,101333,77],{"class":76},[56,101335,101300],{"class":95},[56,101337,99],{"class":76},[20,101339,30559],{},[47,101341,101343],{"className":49,"code":101342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101344,101345,101357,101385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101346,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101348,9810],{"class":76},[56,101350,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101352,4619],{"class":1020},[56,101354,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101356,9841],{"class":76},[56,101358,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101360,9810],{"class":76},[56,101362,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101364,4628],{"class":1020},[56,101366,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101368,306],{"class":76},[56,101370,3839],{"class":1016},[56,101372,33751],{"class":1020},[56,101374,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101376,306],{"class":76},[56,101378,3839],{"class":1016},[56,101380,4619],{"class":1020},[56,101382,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101384,9841],{"class":76},[56,101386,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101388,9810],{"class":76},[56,101390,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101392,4628],{"class":1020},[56,101394,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101396,306],{"class":76},[56,101398,3839],{"class":1016},[56,101400,33751],{"class":1020},[56,101402,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101404,306],{"class":76},[56,101406,3839],{"class":1016},[56,101408,23069],{"class":1020},[56,101410,3844],{"class":1016},[56,101412,9841],{"class":76},[20,101414,12217],{},[173,101416,101417,101422,101427,101433],{},[176,101418,101419,101420],{},"Start with ",[15,101421,101325],{},[176,101423,101424,101425],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101426,101300],{},[176,101428,101429,101430,101432],{},"Only ",[15,101431,58333],{}," remains",[176,101434,101435],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101437,101438],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45424,101440],{},[42,101442,958,101444,101446],{"id":101443},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101445,100702],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101448,101449,101450,156],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101451,100702],{},[20,101453,101454],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[47,101456,101458],{"className":49,"code":101457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101459,101460,101492,101509,101522,101539,101543,101572],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101461,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101463,1594],{"class":65},[56,101465,1217],{"class":827},[56,101467,11023],{"class":76},[56,101469,529],{"class":80},[56,101471,306],{"class":76},[56,101473,414],{"class":80},[56,101475,306],{"class":76},[56,101477,419],{"class":80},[56,101479,306],{"class":76},[56,101481,424],{"class":80},[56,101483,306],{"class":76},[56,101485,496],{"class":80},[56,101487,306],{"class":76},[56,101489,468],{"class":80},[56,101491,9841],{"class":76},[56,101493,101494,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101495,101496],{"class":65},"group_a ",[56,101498,1217],{"class":827},[56,101500,11023],{"class":76},[56,101502,463],{"class":80},[56,101504,306],{"class":76},[56,101506,424],{"class":80},[56,101508,9841],{"class":76},[56,101510,101511,101514,101516,101518,101520],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101512,101513],{"class":65},"group_b ",[56,101515,1217],{"class":827},[56,101517,11023],{"class":76},[56,101519,81],{"class":80},[56,101521,9841],{"class":76},[56,101523,101524,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,101525,101526],{"class":65},"group_c ",[56,101528,1217],{"class":827},[56,101530,11023],{"class":76},[56,101532,708],{"class":80},[56,101534,306],{"class":76},[56,101536,566],{"class":80},[56,101538,9841],{"class":76},[56,101540,101541],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,101542,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101544,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553,101555,101557,101560,101562,101565,101567,101570],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,101546,2775],{"class":65},[56,101548,1217],{"class":827},[56,101550,4804],{"class":65},[56,101552,156],{"class":76},[56,101554,3355],{"class":95},[56,101556,77],{"class":76},[56,101558,101559],{"class":95},"group_a",[56,101561,306],{"class":76},[56,101563,101564],{"class":95}," group_b",[56,101566,306],{"class":76},[56,101568,101569],{"class":95}," group_c",[56,101571,99],{"class":76},[56,101573,101574,101576,101578,101580],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,101575,373],{"class":72},[56,101577,77],{"class":76},[56,101579,2809],{"class":95},[56,101581,99],{"class":76},[20,101583,239],{},[47,101585,101587],{"className":49,"code":101586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101588,101589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101590,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101592,9810],{"class":76},[56,101594,529],{"class":80},[56,101596,306],{"class":76},[56,101598,419],{"class":80},[56,101600,9841],{"class":76},[20,101602,101603],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45424,101605],{},[42,101607,101609,1682,101611],{"id":101608},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101610,100702],{},[15,101612,101613],{},"difference_update()",[20,101615,101616],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[353,101618,101619],{"id":3355},[15,101620,100702],{},[173,101622,101623,101626],{},[176,101624,101625],{},"Returns a new set",[176,101627,101628],{},"Does not change the original set",[47,101630,101632],{"className":49,"code":101631,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101633,101634,101658,101674,101678,101696,101700,101710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101635,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101637,3098],{"class":65},[56,101639,1217],{"class":827},[56,101641,11023],{"class":76},[56,101643,529],{"class":80},[56,101645,306],{"class":76},[56,101647,414],{"class":80},[56,101649,306],{"class":76},[56,101651,419],{"class":80},[56,101653,306],{"class":76},[56,101655,424],{"class":80},[56,101657,9841],{"class":76},[56,101659,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101661,3125],{"class":65},[56,101663,1217],{"class":827},[56,101665,11023],{"class":76},[56,101667,223],{"class":80},[56,101669,306],{"class":76},[56,101671,424],{"class":80},[56,101673,9841],{"class":76},[56,101675,101676],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101677,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101679,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,101681,2775],{"class":65},[56,101683,1217],{"class":827},[56,101685,57387],{"class":65},[56,101687,156],{"class":76},[56,101689,3355],{"class":95},[56,101691,77],{"class":76},[56,101693,1234],{"class":95},[56,101695,99],{"class":76},[56,101697,101698],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,101699,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101701,101702,101704,101706,101708],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,101703,373],{"class":72},[56,101705,77],{"class":76},[56,101707,2809],{"class":95},[56,101709,99],{"class":76},[56,101711,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,101713,373],{"class":72},[56,101715,77],{"class":76},[56,101717,264],{"class":95},[56,101719,99],{"class":76},[20,101721,239],{},[47,101723,101725],{"className":49,"code":101724,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101726,101727,101739],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101728,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101730,9810],{"class":76},[56,101732,529],{"class":80},[56,101734,306],{"class":76},[56,101736,414],{"class":80},[56,101738,9841],{"class":76},[56,101740,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101742,9810],{"class":76},[56,101744,529],{"class":80},[56,101746,306],{"class":76},[56,101748,414],{"class":80},[56,101750,306],{"class":76},[56,101752,419],{"class":80},[56,101754,306],{"class":76},[56,101756,424],{"class":80},[56,101758,9841],{"class":76},[353,101760,101762],{"id":101761},"difference_update",[15,101763,101613],{},[173,101765,101766,101769],{},[176,101767,101768],{},"Changes the original set",[176,101770,96606],{},[47,101772,101774],{"className":49,"code":101773,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101775,101776,101800,101816,101820,101834,101838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101777,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101779,3098],{"class":65},[56,101781,1217],{"class":827},[56,101783,11023],{"class":76},[56,101785,529],{"class":80},[56,101787,306],{"class":76},[56,101789,414],{"class":80},[56,101791,306],{"class":76},[56,101793,419],{"class":80},[56,101795,306],{"class":76},[56,101797,424],{"class":80},[56,101799,9841],{"class":76},[56,101801,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101803,3125],{"class":65},[56,101805,1217],{"class":827},[56,101807,11023],{"class":76},[56,101809,223],{"class":80},[56,101811,306],{"class":76},[56,101813,424],{"class":80},[56,101815,9841],{"class":76},[56,101817,101818],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101819,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101821,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,101823,264],{"class":65},[56,101825,156],{"class":76},[56,101827,101761],{"class":95},[56,101829,77],{"class":76},[56,101831,1234],{"class":95},[56,101833,99],{"class":76},[56,101835,101836],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,101837,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101839,101840,101842,101844,101846],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,101841,373],{"class":72},[56,101843,77],{"class":76},[56,101845,264],{"class":95},[56,101847,99],{"class":76},[20,101849,239],{},[47,101851,101852],{"className":49,"code":100795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,101853,101854],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101855,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101857,9810],{"class":76},[56,101859,529],{"class":80},[56,101861,306],{"class":76},[56,101863,414],{"class":80},[56,101865,9841],{"class":76},[20,101867,2638,101868,101870],{},[15,101869,100702],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101872,101873,101874,34129],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101875,101613],{},[45424,101877],{},[42,101879,101881,101883,101884,101886],{"id":101880},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101882,100702],{}," vs the ",[15,101885,2568],{}," operator",[20,101888,2526,101889,101891,101892,101894],{},[15,101890,2568],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101893,100702],{}," for two sets.",[47,101896,101898],{"className":49,"code":101897,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101899,101900,101924,101940,101944,101962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101901,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101903,3098],{"class":65},[56,101905,1217],{"class":827},[56,101907,11023],{"class":76},[56,101909,529],{"class":80},[56,101911,306],{"class":76},[56,101913,414],{"class":80},[56,101915,306],{"class":76},[56,101917,419],{"class":80},[56,101919,306],{"class":76},[56,101921,424],{"class":80},[56,101923,9841],{"class":76},[56,101925,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101927,3125],{"class":65},[56,101929,1217],{"class":827},[56,101931,11023],{"class":76},[56,101933,223],{"class":80},[56,101935,306],{"class":76},[56,101937,424],{"class":80},[56,101939,9841],{"class":76},[56,101941,101942],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101943,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,101945,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,101947,373],{"class":72},[56,101949,77],{"class":76},[56,101951,264],{"class":95},[56,101953,156],{"class":76},[56,101955,3355],{"class":95},[56,101957,77],{"class":76},[56,101959,1234],{"class":95},[56,101961,1635],{"class":76},[56,101963,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,101965,373],{"class":72},[56,101967,77],{"class":76},[56,101969,3098],{"class":95},[56,101971,2568],{"class":827},[56,101973,3103],{"class":95},[56,101975,99],{"class":76},[20,101977,239],{},[47,101979,101981],{"className":49,"code":101980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101982,101983,101995],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101984,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101986,9810],{"class":76},[56,101988,529],{"class":80},[56,101990,306],{"class":76},[56,101992,414],{"class":80},[56,101994,9841],{"class":76},[56,101996,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,101998,9810],{"class":76},[56,102000,529],{"class":80},[56,102002,306],{"class":76},[56,102004,414],{"class":80},[56,102006,9841],{"class":76},[20,102008,102009],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,102011,94876,102012,2363],{},[15,102013,100702],{},[173,102015,102016,102019,102022],{},[176,102017,102018],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[176,102020,102021],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[176,102023,102024],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102026,102027],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[47,102029,102031],{"className":49,"code":102030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102032,102033,102061,102073,102085,102089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102034,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102036,3098],{"class":65},[56,102038,1217],{"class":827},[56,102040,11023],{"class":76},[56,102042,529],{"class":80},[56,102044,306],{"class":76},[56,102046,414],{"class":80},[56,102048,306],{"class":76},[56,102050,419],{"class":80},[56,102052,306],{"class":76},[56,102054,424],{"class":80},[56,102056,306],{"class":76},[56,102058,496],{"class":80},[56,102060,9841],{"class":76},[56,102062,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102064,3125],{"class":65},[56,102066,1217],{"class":827},[56,102068,11023],{"class":76},[56,102070,463],{"class":80},[56,102072,9841],{"class":76},[56,102074,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102076,83673],{"class":65},[56,102078,1217],{"class":827},[56,102080,11023],{"class":76},[56,102082,1603],{"class":80},[56,102084,9841],{"class":76},[56,102086,102087],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102088,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102090,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,102092,373],{"class":72},[56,102094,77],{"class":76},[56,102096,264],{"class":95},[56,102098,156],{"class":76},[56,102100,3355],{"class":95},[56,102102,77],{"class":76},[56,102104,1234],{"class":95},[56,102106,306],{"class":76},[56,102108,10214],{"class":95},[56,102110,1635],{"class":76},[20,102112,239],{},[47,102114,102116],{"className":49,"code":102115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102117,102118],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102119,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102121,9810],{"class":76},[56,102123,529],{"class":80},[56,102125,306],{"class":76},[56,102127,419],{"class":80},[56,102129,306],{"class":76},[56,102131,496],{"class":80},[56,102133,9841],{"class":76},[20,102135,102136,102137,102139],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102138,2568],{}," operator expression.",[45424,102141],{},[42,102143,1690],{"id":1689},[20,102145,21747,102146,156],{},[15,102147,100702],{},[353,102149,102151],{"id":102150},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102153,5167,102154,102156,102157,1045],{},[37,102155,5170],{}," change ",[15,102158,264],{},[47,102160,102162],{"className":49,"code":102161,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102163,102164,102184,102196,102200,102214],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102165,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102167,3098],{"class":65},[56,102169,1217],{"class":827},[56,102171,11023],{"class":76},[56,102173,529],{"class":80},[56,102175,306],{"class":76},[56,102177,414],{"class":80},[56,102179,306],{"class":76},[56,102181,419],{"class":80},[56,102183,9841],{"class":76},[56,102185,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102187,3125],{"class":65},[56,102189,1217],{"class":827},[56,102191,11023],{"class":76},[56,102193,223],{"class":80},[56,102195,9841],{"class":76},[56,102197,102198],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102199,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102203,264],{"class":65},[56,102205,156],{"class":76},[56,102207,3355],{"class":95},[56,102209,77],{"class":76},[56,102211,1234],{"class":95},[56,102213,99],{"class":76},[56,102215,102216,102218,102220,102222],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,102217,373],{"class":72},[56,102219,77],{"class":76},[56,102221,264],{"class":95},[56,102223,99],{"class":76},[20,102225,239],{},[47,102227,102228],{"className":49,"code":96895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,102229,102230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102231,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102233,9810],{"class":76},[56,102235,529],{"class":80},[56,102237,306],{"class":76},[56,102239,414],{"class":80},[56,102241,306],{"class":76},[56,102243,419],{"class":80},[56,102245,9841],{"class":76},[20,102247,102248],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[47,102250,102252],{"className":49,"code":102251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102253,102254,102274,102286,102290,102308],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102255,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102257,3098],{"class":65},[56,102259,1217],{"class":827},[56,102261,11023],{"class":76},[56,102263,529],{"class":80},[56,102265,306],{"class":76},[56,102267,414],{"class":80},[56,102269,306],{"class":76},[56,102271,419],{"class":80},[56,102273,9841],{"class":76},[56,102275,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102277,3125],{"class":65},[56,102279,1217],{"class":827},[56,102281,11023],{"class":76},[56,102283,223],{"class":80},[56,102285,9841],{"class":76},[56,102287,102288],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102289,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102291,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102293,3098],{"class":65},[56,102295,1217],{"class":827},[56,102297,57387],{"class":65},[56,102299,156],{"class":76},[56,102301,3355],{"class":95},[56,102303,77],{"class":76},[56,102305,1234],{"class":95},[56,102307,99],{"class":76},[56,102309,102310,102312,102314,102316],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,102311,373],{"class":72},[56,102313,77],{"class":76},[56,102315,264],{"class":95},[56,102317,99],{"class":76},[20,102319,239],{},[47,102321,102322],{"className":49,"code":100795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,102323,102324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102327,9810],{"class":76},[56,102329,529],{"class":80},[56,102331,306],{"class":76},[56,102333,414],{"class":80},[56,102335,9841],{"class":76},[353,102337,102339],{"id":102338},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102341,102342,102345],{},[15,102343,102344],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[173,102347,102348,102353],{},[176,102349,102350,102351],{},"keep items from ",[15,102352,264],{},[176,102354,102355,102356],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102357,1234],{},[20,102359,41416,102360,102362,102363,102365],{},[37,102361,5170],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102364,1234],{},"”.",[20,102367,986],{},[47,102369,102371],{"className":49,"code":102370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102372,102373,102393,102413,102417,102435],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102374,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102376,3098],{"class":65},[56,102378,1217],{"class":827},[56,102380,11023],{"class":76},[56,102382,529],{"class":80},[56,102384,306],{"class":76},[56,102386,414],{"class":80},[56,102388,306],{"class":76},[56,102390,419],{"class":80},[56,102392,9841],{"class":76},[56,102394,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102396,3125],{"class":65},[56,102398,1217],{"class":827},[56,102400,11023],{"class":76},[56,102402,223],{"class":80},[56,102404,306],{"class":76},[56,102406,424],{"class":80},[56,102408,306],{"class":76},[56,102410,496],{"class":80},[56,102412,9841],{"class":76},[56,102414,102415],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102416,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102418,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102420,373],{"class":72},[56,102422,77],{"class":76},[56,102424,264],{"class":95},[56,102426,156],{"class":76},[56,102428,3355],{"class":95},[56,102430,77],{"class":76},[56,102432,1234],{"class":95},[56,102434,1635],{"class":76},[56,102436,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,102438,373],{"class":72},[56,102440,77],{"class":76},[56,102442,1234],{"class":95},[56,102444,156],{"class":76},[56,102446,3355],{"class":95},[56,102448,77],{"class":76},[56,102450,264],{"class":95},[56,102452,1635],{"class":76},[20,102454,239],{},[47,102456,102458],{"className":49,"code":102457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102459,102460,102472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102463,9810],{"class":76},[56,102465,529],{"class":80},[56,102467,306],{"class":76},[56,102469,414],{"class":80},[56,102471,9841],{"class":76},[56,102473,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102475,9810],{"class":76},[56,102477,1603],{"class":80},[56,102479,306],{"class":76},[56,102481,496],{"class":80},[56,102483,9841],{"class":76},[20,102485,102486],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[353,102488,102490],{"id":102489},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102492,102493,102495],{},[15,102494,100702],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102497,55818],{},[47,102499,102501],{"className":49,"code":102500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102502,102503,102523,102539,102543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102504,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102506,3098],{"class":65},[56,102508,1217],{"class":827},[56,102510,1220],{"class":76},[56,102512,529],{"class":80},[56,102514,306],{"class":76},[56,102516,414],{"class":80},[56,102518,306],{"class":76},[56,102520,419],{"class":80},[56,102522,427],{"class":76},[56,102524,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102526,3125],{"class":65},[56,102528,1217],{"class":827},[56,102530,1220],{"class":76},[56,102532,223],{"class":80},[56,102534,306],{"class":76},[56,102536,424],{"class":80},[56,102538,427],{"class":76},[56,102540,102541],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102542,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102544,102545],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102546,102547],{"class":112},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102549,102550],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[47,102552,102554],{"className":49,"code":102553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102555,102556,102576,102592,102596,102622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102557,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572,102574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102559,3098],{"class":65},[56,102561,1217],{"class":827},[56,102563,1220],{"class":76},[56,102565,529],{"class":80},[56,102567,306],{"class":76},[56,102569,414],{"class":80},[56,102571,306],{"class":76},[56,102573,419],{"class":80},[56,102575,427],{"class":76},[56,102577,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102579,3125],{"class":65},[56,102581,1217],{"class":827},[56,102583,1220],{"class":76},[56,102585,223],{"class":80},[56,102587,306],{"class":76},[56,102589,424],{"class":80},[56,102591,427],{"class":76},[56,102593,102594],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102595,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102597,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102599,2775],{"class":65},[56,102601,1217],{"class":827},[56,102603,16168],{"class":378},[56,102605,77],{"class":76},[56,102607,264],{"class":95},[56,102609,9162],{"class":76},[56,102611,3355],{"class":95},[56,102613,77],{"class":76},[56,102615,6822],{"class":378},[56,102617,77],{"class":76},[56,102619,1234],{"class":95},[56,102621,1635],{"class":76},[56,102623,102624,102626,102628,102630],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,102625,373],{"class":72},[56,102627,77],{"class":76},[56,102629,2809],{"class":95},[56,102631,99],{"class":76},[20,102633,239],{},[47,102635,102636],{"className":49,"code":100795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,102637,102638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102639,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102641,9810],{"class":76},[56,102643,529],{"class":80},[56,102645,306],{"class":76},[56,102647,414],{"class":80},[56,102649,9841],{"class":76},[353,102651,102653],{"id":102652},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102655,102656],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[47,102658,102660],{"className":49,"code":102659,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102661,102662,102694,102710,102714],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102663,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102665,3098],{"class":65},[56,102667,1217],{"class":827},[56,102669,11023],{"class":76},[56,102671,1017],{"class":1016},[56,102673,37561],{"class":1020},[56,102675,1017],{"class":1016},[56,102677,306],{"class":76},[56,102679,1231],{"class":1016},[56,102681,58627],{"class":1020},[56,102683,1017],{"class":1016},[56,102685,306],{"class":76},[56,102687,1231],{"class":1016},[56,102689,58644],{"class":1020},[56,102691,1017],{"class":1016},[56,102693,9841],{"class":76},[56,102695,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102697,3125],{"class":65},[56,102699,1217],{"class":827},[56,102701,11023],{"class":76},[56,102703,1017],{"class":1016},[56,102705,58627],{"class":1020},[56,102707,1017],{"class":1016},[56,102709,9841],{"class":76},[56,102711,102712],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102713,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102715,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102717,373],{"class":72},[56,102719,77],{"class":76},[56,102721,264],{"class":95},[56,102723,156],{"class":76},[56,102725,3355],{"class":95},[56,102727,77],{"class":76},[56,102729,1234],{"class":95},[56,102731,1635],{"class":76},[20,102733,102734],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[353,102736,102738],{"id":102737},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102740,102741],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[47,102743,102745],{"className":49,"code":102744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102746,102747,102775,102787,102791,102801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102748,102749,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102750,3098],{"class":65},[56,102752,1217],{"class":827},[56,102754,11023],{"class":76},[56,102756,529],{"class":80},[56,102758,306],{"class":76},[56,102760,409],{"class":80},[56,102762,306],{"class":76},[56,102764,414],{"class":80},[56,102766,306],{"class":76},[56,102768,414],{"class":80},[56,102770,306],{"class":76},[56,102772,419],{"class":80},[56,102774,9841],{"class":76},[56,102776,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102778,3125],{"class":65},[56,102780,1217],{"class":827},[56,102782,11023],{"class":76},[56,102784,223],{"class":80},[56,102786,9841],{"class":76},[56,102788,102789],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102790,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102792,102793,102795,102797,102799],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102794,373],{"class":72},[56,102796,77],{"class":76},[56,102798,264],{"class":95},[56,102800,99],{"class":76},[56,102802,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815,102817],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,102804,373],{"class":72},[56,102806,77],{"class":76},[56,102808,264],{"class":95},[56,102810,156],{"class":76},[56,102812,3355],{"class":95},[56,102814,77],{"class":76},[56,102816,1234],{"class":95},[56,102818,1635],{"class":76},[20,102820,239],{},[47,102822,102824],{"className":49,"code":102823,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102825,102826,102842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102827,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102829,9810],{"class":76},[56,102831,529],{"class":80},[56,102833,306],{"class":76},[56,102835,414],{"class":80},[56,102837,306],{"class":76},[56,102839,419],{"class":80},[56,102841,9841],{"class":76},[56,102843,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102845,9810],{"class":76},[56,102847,529],{"class":80},[56,102849,306],{"class":76},[56,102851,414],{"class":80},[56,102853,9841],{"class":76},[20,102855,102856,102857,102859],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102858,100702],{}," runs.",[353,102861,102863],{"id":102862},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102865,102866],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[47,102868,102870],{"className":49,"code":102869,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102871,102872,102896,102916,102920,102930,102940,102958,102980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102873,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102875,3098],{"class":65},[56,102877,1217],{"class":827},[56,102879,11023],{"class":76},[56,102881,529],{"class":80},[56,102883,306],{"class":76},[56,102885,414],{"class":80},[56,102887,306],{"class":76},[56,102889,419],{"class":80},[56,102891,306],{"class":76},[56,102893,424],{"class":80},[56,102895,9841],{"class":76},[56,102897,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,102899,3125],{"class":65},[56,102901,1217],{"class":827},[56,102903,11023],{"class":76},[56,102905,223],{"class":80},[56,102907,306],{"class":76},[56,102909,424],{"class":80},[56,102911,306],{"class":76},[56,102913,496],{"class":80},[56,102915,9841],{"class":76},[56,102917,102918],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102919,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,102921,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,102923,373],{"class":72},[56,102925,77],{"class":76},[56,102927,264],{"class":95},[56,102929,99],{"class":76},[56,102931,102932,102934,102936,102938],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,102933,373],{"class":72},[56,102935,77],{"class":76},[56,102937,1234],{"class":95},[56,102939,99],{"class":76},[56,102941,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,102943,373],{"class":72},[56,102945,77],{"class":76},[56,102947,264],{"class":95},[56,102949,156],{"class":76},[56,102951,3355],{"class":95},[56,102953,77],{"class":76},[56,102955,1234],{"class":95},[56,102957,1635],{"class":76},[56,102959,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,102961,373],{"class":72},[56,102963,77],{"class":76},[56,102965,2312],{"class":378},[56,102967,77],{"class":76},[56,102969,264],{"class":95},[56,102971,156],{"class":76},[56,102973,3355],{"class":95},[56,102975,77],{"class":76},[56,102977,1234],{"class":95},[56,102979,390],{"class":76},[56,102981,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,102983,373],{"class":72},[56,102985,77],{"class":76},[56,102987,1266],{"class":72},[56,102989,77],{"class":76},[56,102991,264],{"class":95},[56,102993,156],{"class":76},[56,102995,3355],{"class":95},[56,102997,77],{"class":76},[56,102999,1234],{"class":95},[56,103001,390],{"class":76},[20,103003,11702],{},[173,103005,103006,103009,103012,103015],{},[176,103007,103008],{},"what is in each set",[176,103010,103011],{},"what result Python creates",[176,103013,103014],{},"that the result is a set",[176,103016,103017],{},"how many items remain",[45424,103019],{},[42,103021,2343],{"id":2342},[353,103023,2347,103025,103027],{"id":103024},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103026,100702],{}," change the original set?",[20,103029,103030],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[353,103032,5718,103034,4935,103036,2363],{"id":103033},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103035,100702],{},[15,103037,101613],{},[20,103039,103040,103042,103043,103045],{},[15,103041,100702],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103044,101613],{}," modifies the original set.",[353,103047,28859,103049,103051],{"id":103048},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103050,100702],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103053,103054],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[353,103056,103058],{"id":103057},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103060,103061],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45424,103063],{},[42,103065,2417],{"id":2416},[173,103067,103068,103072,103080],{},[176,103069,103070],{},[264,103071,96616],{"href":97787},[176,103073,103074],{},[264,103075,97102,103077,11273],{"href":103076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103078,103079],{},"intersection()",[176,103081,103082],{},[264,103083,97102,103085,11273],{"href":103084},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103086,103087],{},"union()",[2451,103089,103090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":103092},[103093,103094,103096,103097,103098,103099,103101,103106,103108,103116,103125],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":100824,"depth":87,"text":103095},"What difference() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":101443,"depth":87,"text":103100},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101608,"depth":87,"text":103102,"children":103103},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103104,103105],{"id":3355,"depth":102,"text":100702},{"id":101761,"depth":102,"text":101613},{"id":101880,"depth":87,"text":103107},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":103109},[103110,103111,103112,103113,103114,103115],{"id":102150,"depth":102,"text":102151},{"id":102338,"depth":102,"text":102339},{"id":102489,"depth":102,"text":102490},{"id":102652,"depth":102,"text":102653},{"id":102737,"depth":102,"text":102738},{"id":102862,"depth":102,"text":102863},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":103117},[103118,103120,103122,103124],{"id":103024,"depth":102,"text":103119},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103033,"depth":102,"text":103121},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103048,"depth":102,"text":103123},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103057,"depth":102,"text":103058},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100694,"description":103126},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103133,"title":103134,"body":103135,"description":104830,"extension":2509,"meta":104831,"navigation":105,"path":104832,"seo":104833,"stem":104834,"__hash__":104835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103136,"toc":104792},[103137,103143,103149,103162,103164,103265,103267,103312,103317,103322,103326,103340,103343,103351,103353,103372,103390,103394,103447,103449,103470,103477,103482,103509,103516,103615,103617,103654,103662,103666,103672,103675,103748,103750,103758,103763,103832,103834,103859,103861,103864,103967,103969,104030,104033,104037,104043,104116,104118,104151,104154,104157,104197,104203,104226,104231,104235,104246,104249,104251,104255,104261,104263,104320,104330,104332,104385,104392,104397,104465,104473,104479,104483,104485,104524,104529,104578,104582,104585,104587,104626,104629,104631,104636,104693,104695,104709,104711,104715,104721,104726,104731,104738,104749,104755,104760,104762,104789],[10,103138,96488,103140,11854],{"id":103139},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103141,103142],{},"discard()",[20,103144,103145,103148],{},[15,103146,103147],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103150,103151,103152,2735,103157,14588,103159,103161],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[264,103153,103154],{"href":98497},[15,103155,103156],{},"set.remove()",[15,103158,103142],{},[37,103160,5170],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[42,103163,45],{"id":44},[47,103165,103167],{"className":49,"code":103166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103168,103169,103201,103220,103230,103234,103255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103170,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103172,13609],{"class":65},[56,103174,1217],{"class":827},[56,103176,11023],{"class":76},[56,103178,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103180,13626],{"class":1020},[56,103182,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103184,306],{"class":76},[56,103186,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103188,13643],{"class":1020},[56,103190,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103192,306],{"class":76},[56,103194,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103196,17990],{"class":1020},[56,103198,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103200,9841],{"class":76},[56,103202,103203,103205,103207,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103204,18037],{"class":65},[56,103206,156],{"class":76},[56,103208,103209],{"class":95},"discard",[56,103211,77],{"class":76},[56,103213,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103215,13643],{"class":1020},[56,103217,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103219,99],{"class":76},[56,103221,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103223,373],{"class":72},[56,103225,77],{"class":76},[56,103227,18037],{"class":95},[56,103229,99],{"class":76},[56,103231,103232],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,103233,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103235,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,103237,18037],{"class":65},[56,103239,156],{"class":76},[56,103241,103209],{"class":95},[56,103243,77],{"class":76},[56,103245,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103247,23060],{"class":1020},[56,103249,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103251,4202],{"class":76},[56,103253,103254],{"class":112},"  # no error if missing\n",[56,103256,103257,103259,103261,103263],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,103258,373],{"class":72},[56,103260,77],{"class":76},[56,103262,18037],{"class":95},[56,103264,99],{"class":76},[20,103266,30559],{},[47,103268,103270],{"className":49,"code":103269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103271,103272,103292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103273,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103275,9810],{"class":76},[56,103277,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103279,13626],{"class":1020},[56,103281,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103283,306],{"class":76},[56,103285,3839],{"class":1016},[56,103287,17990],{"class":1020},[56,103289,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103291,9841],{"class":76},[56,103293,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308,103310],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103295,9810],{"class":76},[56,103297,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103299,13626],{"class":1020},[56,103301,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103303,306],{"class":76},[56,103305,3839],{"class":1016},[56,103307,17990],{"class":1020},[56,103309,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103311,9841],{"class":76},[20,103313,2638,103314,103316],{},[15,103315,103142],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[42,103318,160,103320,163],{"id":103319},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103321,103147],{},[20,103323,103324,1045],{},[15,103325,103142],{},[173,103327,103328,103331,103334,103336],{},[176,103329,103330],{},"Removes one item from a set",[176,103332,103333],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[176,103335,96603],{},[176,103337,11956,103338],{},[15,103339,4319],{},[20,103341,103342],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103344,96612,103345,3422,103348,156],{},[264,103346,103347],{"href":99079},"what a set is in Python",[264,103349,103350],{"href":98171},"how to create a set",[42,103352,2702],{"id":2701},[47,103354,103356],{"className":49,"code":103355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103357,103358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103359,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103361,16201],{"class":65},[56,103363,156],{"class":76},[56,103365,103209],{"class":95},[56,103367,77],{"class":76},[56,103369,3017],{"class":95},[56,103371,99],{"class":76},[173,103373,103374,103379,103384,103387],{},[176,103375,103376,103378],{},[15,103377,16201],{}," is the set you want to change",[176,103380,103381,103383],{},[15,103382,3017],{}," is the item you want to remove",[176,103385,103386],{},"The set must already exist",[176,103388,103389],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[353,103391,103393],{"id":103392},"example","Example",[47,103395,103397],{"className":49,"code":103396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103398,103399,103423,103437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103400,103401,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103402,1594],{"class":65},[56,103404,1217],{"class":827},[56,103406,11023],{"class":76},[56,103408,529],{"class":80},[56,103410,306],{"class":76},[56,103412,414],{"class":80},[56,103414,306],{"class":76},[56,103416,419],{"class":80},[56,103418,306],{"class":76},[56,103420,424],{"class":80},[56,103422,9841],{"class":76},[56,103424,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103426,1618],{"class":65},[56,103428,156],{"class":76},[56,103430,103209],{"class":95},[56,103432,77],{"class":76},[56,103434,223],{"class":80},[56,103436,99],{"class":76},[56,103438,103439,103441,103443,103445],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103440,373],{"class":72},[56,103442,77],{"class":76},[56,103444,1618],{"class":95},[56,103446,99],{"class":76},[20,103448,239],{},[47,103450,103452],{"className":49,"code":103451,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103453,103454],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103455,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103457,9810],{"class":76},[56,103459,529],{"class":80},[56,103461,306],{"class":76},[56,103463,414],{"class":80},[56,103465,306],{"class":76},[56,103467,424],{"class":80},[56,103469,9841],{"class":76},[42,103471,103473,103474,103476],{"id":103472},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103475,103142],{}," different",[20,103478,103479,103481],{},[15,103480,103142],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[173,103483,103484,103497,103506],{},[176,103485,103486,103487,2735,103491,103493,103494,103496],{},"Unlike ",[264,103488,103489],{"href":98497},[15,103490,56028],{},[15,103492,103142],{}," does not raise ",[15,103495,20222],{}," when the item is missing",[176,103498,103486,103499,2735,103503,103505],{},[264,103500,103501],{"href":98502},[15,103502,13296],{},[15,103504,103142],{}," removes a specific item",[176,103507,103508],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[353,103510,103512,1682,103514],{"id":103511},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103513,103142],{},[15,103515,56028],{},[47,103517,103519],{"className":49,"code":103518,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103520,103521,103545,103549,103570,103580,103584,103605],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103522,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103524,1214],{"class":65},[56,103526,1217],{"class":827},[56,103528,11023],{"class":76},[56,103530,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103532,4619],{"class":1020},[56,103534,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103536,306],{"class":76},[56,103538,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103540,4628],{"class":1020},[56,103542,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103544,9841],{"class":76},[56,103546,103547],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103548,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103550,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103552,1271],{"class":65},[56,103554,156],{"class":76},[56,103556,103209],{"class":95},[56,103558,77],{"class":76},[56,103560,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103562,33751],{"class":1020},[56,103564,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103566,4202],{"class":76},[56,103568,103569],{"class":112},"   # no error\n",[56,103571,103572,103574,103576,103578],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,103573,373],{"class":72},[56,103575,77],{"class":76},[56,103577,1271],{"class":95},[56,103579,99],{"class":76},[56,103581,103582],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,103583,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103585,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,103587,1271],{"class":65},[56,103589,156],{"class":76},[56,103591,35324],{"class":95},[56,103593,77],{"class":76},[56,103595,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103597,4628],{"class":1020},[56,103599,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103601,4202],{"class":76},[56,103603,103604],{"class":112},"    # removes existing item\n",[56,103606,103607,103609,103611,103613],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,103608,373],{"class":72},[56,103610,77],{"class":76},[56,103612,1271],{"class":95},[56,103614,99],{"class":76},[20,103616,239],{},[47,103618,103620],{"className":49,"code":103619,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103621,103622,103642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103623,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103625,9810],{"class":76},[56,103627,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103629,4619],{"class":1020},[56,103631,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103633,306],{"class":76},[56,103635,3839],{"class":1016},[56,103637,4628],{"class":1020},[56,103639,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103641,9841],{"class":76},[56,103643,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103645,9810],{"class":76},[56,103647,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103649,4619],{"class":1020},[56,103651,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103653,9841],{"class":76},[20,103655,40854,103656,103658,103659,103661],{},[15,103657,56028],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[264,103660,11607],{"href":11606}," for more help with that case.",[42,103663,103665],{"id":103664},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103667,103668,2942,103670,156],{},[15,103669,103142],{},[15,103671,4319],{},[20,103673,103674],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[47,103676,103678],{"className":49,"code":103677,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103679,103680,103712,103734,103738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103681,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103683,13609],{"class":65},[56,103685,1217],{"class":827},[56,103687,11023],{"class":76},[56,103689,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103691,13626],{"class":1020},[56,103693,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103695,306],{"class":76},[56,103697,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103699,13643],{"class":1020},[56,103701,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103703,306],{"class":76},[56,103705,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103707,17990],{"class":1020},[56,103709,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103711,9841],{"class":76},[56,103713,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103715,2775],{"class":65},[56,103717,1217],{"class":827},[56,103719,13657],{"class":65},[56,103721,156],{"class":76},[56,103723,103209],{"class":95},[56,103725,77],{"class":76},[56,103727,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103729,13643],{"class":1020},[56,103731,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103733,99],{"class":76},[56,103735,103736],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103737,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103739,103740,103742,103744,103746],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,103741,373],{"class":72},[56,103743,77],{"class":76},[56,103745,2809],{"class":95},[56,103747,99],{"class":76},[20,103749,239],{},[47,103751,103752],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,103753,103754],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103755,103756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103757,12342],{"class":4393},[20,103759,103760,103761,1045],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103762,18037],{},[47,103764,103766],{"className":49,"code":103765,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103767,103768,103800,103818,103822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103769,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103771,13609],{"class":65},[56,103773,1217],{"class":827},[56,103775,11023],{"class":76},[56,103777,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103779,13626],{"class":1020},[56,103781,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103783,306],{"class":76},[56,103785,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103787,13643],{"class":1020},[56,103789,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103791,306],{"class":76},[56,103793,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103795,17990],{"class":1020},[56,103797,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103799,9841],{"class":76},[56,103801,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103803,18037],{"class":65},[56,103805,156],{"class":76},[56,103807,103209],{"class":95},[56,103809,77],{"class":76},[56,103811,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103813,13643],{"class":1020},[56,103815,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103817,99],{"class":76},[56,103819,103820],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103821,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103823,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,103825,373],{"class":72},[56,103827,77],{"class":76},[56,103829,18037],{"class":95},[56,103831,99],{"class":76},[20,103833,239],{},[47,103835,103837],{"className":49,"code":103836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103838,103839],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103840,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103842,9810],{"class":76},[56,103844,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103846,13626],{"class":1020},[56,103848,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103850,306],{"class":76},[56,103852,3839],{"class":1016},[56,103854,17990],{"class":1020},[56,103856,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103858,9841],{"class":76},[42,103860,12008],{"id":12007},[20,103862,103863],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[47,103865,103867],{"className":49,"code":103866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103868,103869,103901,103905,103923,103927,103945,103949],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103870,103871,103873,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103872,36756],{"class":65},[56,103874,1217],{"class":827},[56,103876,11023],{"class":76},[56,103878,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103880,4619],{"class":1020},[56,103882,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103884,306],{"class":76},[56,103886,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103888,4628],{"class":1020},[56,103890,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103892,306],{"class":76},[56,103894,1231],{"class":1016},[56,103896,33751],{"class":1020},[56,103898,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103900,9841],{"class":76},[56,103902,103903],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,103904,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103906,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103908,373],{"class":72},[56,103910,77],{"class":76},[56,103912,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103914,12097],{"class":1020},[56,103916,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103918,306],{"class":76},[56,103920,53353],{"class":95},[56,103922,99],{"class":76},[56,103924,103925],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,103926,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103928,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,103930,36808],{"class":65},[56,103932,156],{"class":76},[56,103934,103209],{"class":95},[56,103936,77],{"class":76},[56,103938,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103940,4628],{"class":1020},[56,103942,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103944,99],{"class":76},[56,103946,103947],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,103948,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,103950,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,103952,373],{"class":72},[56,103954,77],{"class":76},[56,103956,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103958,12137],{"class":1020},[56,103960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,103962,306],{"class":76},[56,103964,53353],{"class":95},[56,103966,99],{"class":76},[20,103968,239],{},[47,103970,103972],{"className":49,"code":103971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103973,103974,104006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103975,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103977,12157],{"class":65},[56,103979,1045],{"class":76},[56,103981,11023],{"class":76},[56,103983,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103985,4628],{"class":1020},[56,103987,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103989,306],{"class":76},[56,103991,3839],{"class":1016},[56,103993,4619],{"class":1020},[56,103995,3844],{"class":1016},[56,103997,306],{"class":76},[56,103999,3839],{"class":1016},[56,104001,33751],{"class":1020},[56,104003,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104005,9841],{"class":76},[56,104007,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026,104028],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104009,12210],{"class":65},[56,104011,1045],{"class":76},[56,104013,11023],{"class":76},[56,104015,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104017,4619],{"class":1020},[56,104019,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104021,306],{"class":76},[56,104023,3839],{"class":1016},[56,104025,33751],{"class":1020},[56,104027,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104029,9841],{"class":76},[20,104031,104032],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[42,104034,104036],{"id":104035},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104038,104039,104040,104042],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104041,103142],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[47,104044,104046],{"className":49,"code":104045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104047,104048,104080,104084,104102,104106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104049,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104051,36756],{"class":65},[56,104053,1217],{"class":827},[56,104055,11023],{"class":76},[56,104057,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104059,4619],{"class":1020},[56,104061,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104063,306],{"class":76},[56,104065,1231],{"class":1016},[56,104067,4628],{"class":1020},[56,104069,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104071,306],{"class":76},[56,104073,1231],{"class":1016},[56,104075,33751],{"class":1020},[56,104077,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104079,9841],{"class":76},[56,104081,104082],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104083,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,104085,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104087,36808],{"class":65},[56,104089,156],{"class":76},[56,104091,103209],{"class":95},[56,104093,77],{"class":76},[56,104095,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104097,23069],{"class":1020},[56,104099,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104101,99],{"class":76},[56,104103,104104],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,104105,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,104107,104108,104110,104112,104114],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,104109,373],{"class":72},[56,104111,77],{"class":76},[56,104113,36808],{"class":95},[56,104115,99],{"class":76},[20,104117,239],{},[47,104119,104121],{"className":49,"code":104120,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104122,104123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104124,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104126,9810],{"class":76},[56,104128,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104130,4628],{"class":1020},[56,104132,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104134,306],{"class":76},[56,104136,3839],{"class":1016},[56,104138,4619],{"class":1020},[56,104140,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104142,306],{"class":76},[56,104144,3839],{"class":1016},[56,104146,33751],{"class":1020},[56,104148,3844],{"class":1016},[56,104150,9841],{"class":76},[20,104152,104153],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104155,104156],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[47,104158,104160],{"className":49,"code":104159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104161,104162,104178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104163,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104165,7529],{"class":62},[56,104167,1231],{"class":1016},[56,104169,23069],{"class":1020},[56,104171,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104173,21709],{"class":827},[56,104175,53353],{"class":65},[56,104177,1390],{"class":76},[56,104179,104180,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104181,104182],{"class":65},"    fruits",[56,104184,156],{"class":76},[56,104186,35324],{"class":95},[56,104188,77],{"class":76},[56,104190,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104192,23069],{"class":1020},[56,104194,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104196,99],{"class":76},[20,104198,104199,104200,104202],{},"With ",[15,104201,103142],{},", you can simply write:",[47,104204,104206],{"className":49,"code":104205,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104207,104208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104209,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104211,36808],{"class":65},[56,104213,156],{"class":76},[56,104215,103209],{"class":95},[56,104217,77],{"class":76},[56,104219,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104221,23069],{"class":1020},[56,104223,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104225,99],{"class":76},[42,104227,5500,104229],{"id":104228},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104230,103142],{},[20,104232,2638,104233,11133],{},[15,104234,103142],{},[173,104236,104237,104240,104243],{},[176,104238,104239],{},"Missing values are normal",[176,104241,104242],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[176,104244,104245],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104247,104248],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[42,104250,3374],{"id":3373},[20,104252,8977,104253,156],{},[15,104254,103142],{},[353,104256,8983,104258,104260],{"id":104257},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104259,103142],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104262,5066],{},[47,104264,104266],{"className":49,"code":104265,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104267,104268,104288,104306,104310],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104269,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104271,1594],{"class":65},[56,104273,1217],{"class":827},[56,104275,11023],{"class":76},[56,104277,529],{"class":80},[56,104279,306],{"class":76},[56,104281,414],{"class":80},[56,104283,306],{"class":76},[56,104285,419],{"class":80},[56,104287,9841],{"class":76},[56,104289,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104291,1594],{"class":65},[56,104293,1217],{"class":827},[56,104295,4804],{"class":65},[56,104297,156],{"class":76},[56,104299,103209],{"class":95},[56,104301,77],{"class":76},[56,104303,463],{"class":80},[56,104305,99],{"class":76},[56,104307,104308],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104309,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,104311,104312,104314,104316,104318],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,104313,373],{"class":72},[56,104315,77],{"class":76},[56,104317,1618],{"class":95},[56,104319,99],{"class":76},[20,104321,104322,42664,104324,9132,104326,2942,104328,156],{},[15,104323,1618],{},[15,104325,4319],{},[15,104327,103142],{},[15,104329,4319],{},[20,104331,19376],{},[47,104333,104335],{"className":49,"code":104334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104336,104337,104357,104371,104375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104338,104339,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104340,1594],{"class":65},[56,104342,1217],{"class":827},[56,104344,11023],{"class":76},[56,104346,529],{"class":80},[56,104348,306],{"class":76},[56,104350,414],{"class":80},[56,104352,306],{"class":76},[56,104354,419],{"class":80},[56,104356,9841],{"class":76},[56,104358,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104360,1618],{"class":65},[56,104362,156],{"class":76},[56,104364,103209],{"class":95},[56,104366,77],{"class":76},[56,104368,463],{"class":80},[56,104370,99],{"class":76},[56,104372,104373],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104374,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,104378,373],{"class":72},[56,104380,77],{"class":76},[56,104382,1618],{"class":95},[56,104384,99],{"class":76},[353,104386,37718,104388,9236,104390],{"id":104387},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104389,103142],{},[15,104391,56028],{},[20,104393,104394,104395,156],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104396,103142],{},[47,104398,104400],{"className":49,"code":104399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104401,104402,104434,104455],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104403,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104405,36614],{"class":65},[56,104407,1217],{"class":827},[56,104409,11023],{"class":76},[56,104411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104413,264],{"class":1020},[56,104415,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104417,306],{"class":76},[56,104419,1231],{"class":1016},[56,104421,1234],{"class":1020},[56,104423,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104425,306],{"class":76},[56,104427,1231],{"class":1016},[56,104429,1243],{"class":1020},[56,104431,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104433,9841],{"class":76},[56,104435,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104437,36666],{"class":65},[56,104439,156],{"class":76},[56,104441,103209],{"class":95},[56,104443,77],{"class":76},[56,104445,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104447,22613],{"class":1020},[56,104449,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104451,4202],{"class":76},[56,104453,104454],{"class":112},"   # safe\n",[56,104456,104457,104459,104461,104463],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104458,373],{"class":72},[56,104460,77],{"class":76},[56,104462,36666],{"class":95},[56,104464,99],{"class":76},[20,104466,104467,104468,46414,104471,156],{},"If you use ",[15,104469,104470],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104472,20222],{},[353,104474,2067,104476,104478],{"id":104475},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104477,103142],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104480,104481,102495],{},[15,104482,103142],{},[20,104484,17179],{},[47,104486,104488],{"className":49,"code":104487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104489,104490,104510],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104491,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104493,1214],{"class":65},[56,104495,1217],{"class":827},[56,104497,1220],{"class":76},[56,104499,529],{"class":80},[56,104501,306],{"class":76},[56,104503,414],{"class":80},[56,104505,306],{"class":76},[56,104507,419],{"class":80},[56,104509,427],{"class":76},[56,104511,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104513,1271],{"class":65},[56,104515,156],{"class":76},[56,104517,103209],{"class":95},[56,104519,77],{"class":76},[56,104521,463],{"class":80},[56,104523,99],{"class":76},[20,104525,104526,104527,1045],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104528,103142],{},[47,104530,104532],{"className":49,"code":104531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104533,104534,104554,104568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104535,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104537,1214],{"class":65},[56,104539,1217],{"class":827},[56,104541,11023],{"class":76},[56,104543,529],{"class":80},[56,104545,306],{"class":76},[56,104547,414],{"class":80},[56,104549,306],{"class":76},[56,104551,419],{"class":80},[56,104553,9841],{"class":76},[56,104555,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104557,1271],{"class":65},[56,104559,156],{"class":76},[56,104561,103209],{"class":95},[56,104563,77],{"class":76},[56,104565,463],{"class":80},[56,104567,99],{"class":76},[56,104569,104570,104572,104574,104576],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104571,373],{"class":72},[56,104573,77],{"class":76},[56,104575,1271],{"class":95},[56,104577,99],{"class":76},[353,104579,104581],{"id":104580},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104583,104584],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104586,924],{},[47,104588,104590],{"className":49,"code":104589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104591,104592,104612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104593,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104595,9697],{"class":65},[56,104597,1217],{"class":827},[56,104599,11023],{"class":76},[56,104601,529],{"class":80},[56,104603,306],{"class":76},[56,104605,414],{"class":80},[56,104607,306],{"class":76},[56,104609,419],{"class":80},[56,104611,9841],{"class":76},[56,104613,104614,104616,104618,104620,104622,104624],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104615,9736],{"class":65},[56,104617,156],{"class":76},[56,104619,103209],{"class":95},[56,104621,3528],{"class":76},[56,104623,463],{"class":80},[56,104625,1294],{"class":76},[20,104627,104628],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[42,104630,9404],{"id":9403},[20,104632,2211,104633,104635],{},[15,104634,103142],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[47,104637,104639],{"className":49,"code":104638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104640,104641,104651,104665,104679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104642,104643,104645,104647,104649],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104644,373],{"class":72},[56,104646,77],{"class":76},[56,104648,16201],{"class":95},[56,104650,99],{"class":76},[56,104652,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104654,373],{"class":72},[56,104656,77],{"class":76},[56,104658,2312],{"class":378},[56,104660,77],{"class":76},[56,104662,16201],{"class":95},[56,104664,1635],{"class":76},[56,104666,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104668,373],{"class":72},[56,104670,77],{"class":76},[56,104672,2992],{"class":95},[56,104674,69],{"class":62},[56,104676,97212],{"class":95},[56,104678,99],{"class":76},[56,104680,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,104682,32683],{"class":72},[56,104684,77],{"class":76},[56,104686,6822],{"class":378},[56,104688,156],{"class":76},[56,104690,103209],{"class":25284},[56,104692,99],{"class":76},[20,104694,11702],{},[173,104696,104697,104700,104703,104706],{},[176,104698,104699],{},"What is currently in the set",[176,104701,104702],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[176,104704,104705],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[176,104707,104708],{},"How Python documents the method",[42,104710,2343],{"id":2342},[353,104712,104714],{"id":104713},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104716,104717,104718,104720],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104719,103142],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[353,104722,5682,104724,13249],{"id":104723},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104725,103147],{},[20,104727,5688,104728,104730],{},[15,104729,4319],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[353,104732,5718,104734,4935,104736,2363],{"id":104733},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104735,103142],{},[15,104737,56028],{},[20,104739,104740,104741,27068,104743,104745,104746,104748],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104742,56028],{},[15,104744,20222],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104747,103142],{}," does not.",[353,104750,28859,104752,104754],{"id":104751},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104753,103142],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104756,46871,104757,104759],{},[15,104758,103142],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[42,104761,2417],{"id":2416},[173,104763,104764,104770,104776,104781,104785],{},[176,104765,104766],{},[264,104767,97102,104768,11273],{"href":98497},[15,104769,56028],{},[176,104771,104772],{},[264,104773,97102,104774,11273],{"href":98502},[15,104775,13296],{},[176,104777,104778],{},[264,104779,104780],{"href":98171},"Python set: creating a set",[176,104782,104783],{},[264,104784,100637],{"href":99079},[176,104786,104787],{},[264,104788,11794],{"href":11606},[2451,104790,104791],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":104793},[104794,104795,104797,104800,104805,104806,104807,104808,104810,104819,104820,104829],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":103319,"depth":87,"text":104796},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":104798},[104799],{"id":103392,"depth":102,"text":103393},{"id":103472,"depth":87,"text":104801,"children":104802},"What makes discard() different",[104803],{"id":103511,"depth":102,"text":104804},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103664,"depth":87,"text":103665},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":104035,"depth":87,"text":104036},{"id":104228,"depth":87,"text":104809},"When to use discard()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":104811},[104812,104814,104816,104818],{"id":104257,"depth":102,"text":104813},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104387,"depth":102,"text":104815},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104475,"depth":102,"text":104817},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104580,"depth":102,"text":104581},{"id":9403,"depth":87,"text":9404},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":104821},[104822,104823,104825,104827],{"id":104713,"depth":102,"text":104714},{"id":104723,"depth":102,"text":104824},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104733,"depth":102,"text":104826},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104751,"depth":102,"text":104828},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103134,"description":104830},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104837,"title":104838,"body":104839,"description":106845,"extension":2509,"meta":106846,"navigation":105,"path":106847,"seo":106848,"stem":106849,"__hash__":106850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104840,"toc":106803},[104841,104844,104852,104857,104868,104870,104925,104929,104949,104954,104958,104963,104965,104979,104981,105056,105058,105091,105096,105101,105103,105105,105120,105123,105131,105136,105151,105153,105242,105244,105333,105339,105343,105345,105383,105385,105409,105412,105427,105429,105484,105486,105519,105521,105526,105530,105534,105539,105604,105606,105626,105632,105636,105693,105695,105716,105720,105725,105770,105772,105805,105808,105812,105845,105847,105876,105880,105884,105887,105889,105908,105910,105956,105961,105975,105977,106008,106013,106016,106060,106062,106090,106094,106098,106114,106117,106182,106184,106196,106199,106203,106206,106211,106239,106241,106259,106265,106304,106306,106324,106330,106359,106361,106379,106382,106399,106401,106406,106410,106413,106439,106446,106451,106466,106475,106479,106482,106513,106519,106522,106531,106534,106536,106538,106596,106599,106624,106626,106630,106633,106637,106645,106649,106652,106656,106659,106661,106684,106686,106727,106734,106742,106745,106776,106778,106800],[10,104842,104838],{"id":104843},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104845,9654,104846,104848,104849,156],{},[15,104847,4338],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[37,104850,104851],{},"unique values only",[20,104853,35935,104854,104856],{},[15,104855,4338],{}," to:",[173,104858,104859,104862,104865],{},[176,104860,104861],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[176,104863,104864],{},"check whether a value exists",[176,104866,104867],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[42,104869,45],{"id":44},[47,104871,104873],{"className":49,"code":104872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104874,104875,104899,104914],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104876,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104878,1594],{"class":65},[56,104880,1217],{"class":827},[56,104882,1220],{"class":76},[56,104884,529],{"class":80},[56,104886,306],{"class":76},[56,104888,414],{"class":80},[56,104890,306],{"class":76},[56,104892,414],{"class":80},[56,104894,306],{"class":76},[56,104896,419],{"class":80},[56,104898,427],{"class":76},[56,104900,104901,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,104902,104903],{"class":65},"unique_numbers ",[56,104905,1217],{"class":827},[56,104907,16168],{"class":378},[56,104909,77],{"class":76},[56,104911,1618],{"class":95},[56,104913,99],{"class":76},[56,104915,104916,104918,104920,104923],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104917,373],{"class":72},[56,104919,77],{"class":76},[56,104921,104922],{"class":95},"unique_numbers",[56,104924,99],{"class":76},[20,104926,104927],{},[37,104928,239],{},[47,104930,104931],{"className":49,"code":96895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,104932,104933],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104934,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104936,9810],{"class":76},[56,104938,529],{"class":80},[56,104940,306],{"class":76},[56,104942,414],{"class":80},[56,104944,306],{"class":76},[56,104946,419],{"class":80},[56,104948,9841],{"class":76},[20,104950,2638,104951,104953],{},[15,104952,4338],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[42,104955,104957],{"id":104956},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104959,104960,104962],{},[15,104961,4338],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104964,31070],{},[173,104966,104967,104970,104973,104976],{},[176,104968,104969],{},"A set stores unique items only",[176,104971,104972],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[176,104974,104975],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[176,104977,104978],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104980,986],{},[47,104982,104984],{"className":49,"code":104983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104985,104986,105026,105041,105045],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104989,13609],{"class":65},[56,104991,1217],{"class":827},[56,104993,1220],{"class":76},[56,104995,1017],{"class":1016},[56,104997,13626],{"class":1020},[56,104999,1017],{"class":1016},[56,105001,306],{"class":76},[56,105003,1231],{"class":1016},[56,105005,13643],{"class":1020},[56,105007,1017],{"class":1016},[56,105009,306],{"class":76},[56,105011,1231],{"class":1016},[56,105013,13626],{"class":1020},[56,105015,1017],{"class":1016},[56,105017,306],{"class":76},[56,105019,1231],{"class":1016},[56,105021,17990],{"class":1020},[56,105023,1017],{"class":1016},[56,105025,427],{"class":76},[56,105027,105028,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105029,105030],{"class":65},"unique_colors ",[56,105032,1217],{"class":827},[56,105034,16168],{"class":378},[56,105036,77],{"class":76},[56,105038,18037],{"class":95},[56,105040,99],{"class":76},[56,105042,105043],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105044,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,105046,105047,105049,105051,105054],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,105048,373],{"class":72},[56,105050,77],{"class":76},[56,105052,105053],{"class":95},"unique_colors",[56,105055,99],{"class":76},[20,105057,30559],{},[47,105059,105061],{"className":49,"code":105060,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105062,105063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105064,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105066,9810],{"class":76},[56,105068,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105070,13643],{"class":1020},[56,105072,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105074,306],{"class":76},[56,105076,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105078,17990],{"class":1020},[56,105080,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105082,306],{"class":76},[56,105084,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105086,13626],{"class":1020},[56,105088,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105090,9841],{"class":76},[20,105092,2831,105093,105095],{},[15,105094,65890],{}," appears only once.",[20,105097,105098,105099,156],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[264,105100,96616],{"href":96615},[42,105102,2702],{"id":2701},[20,105104,2705],{},[47,105106,105108],{"className":49,"code":105107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105109,105110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105111,105112,105114,105116,105118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105113,6822],{"class":378},[56,105115,77],{"class":76},[56,105117,4261],{"class":95},[56,105119,99],{"class":76},[20,105121,105122],{},"The argument is optional.",[173,105124,105125,105128],{},[176,105126,105127],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[176,105129,105130],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105132,105133,105134,1045],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105135,4338],{},[173,105137,105138,105140,105142,105144,105148],{},[176,105139,379],{},[176,105141,49456],{},[176,105143,61673],{},[176,105145,105146],{},[15,105147,17],{},[176,105149,105150],{},"another set",[20,105152,2671],{},[47,105154,105156],{"className":49,"code":105155,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105157,105158,105184,105206,105224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105159,105160,105162,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105161,373],{"class":72},[56,105163,77],{"class":76},[56,105165,6822],{"class":378},[56,105167,3528],{"class":76},[56,105169,529],{"class":80},[56,105171,306],{"class":76},[56,105173,414],{"class":80},[56,105175,306],{"class":76},[56,105177,414],{"class":80},[56,105179,306],{"class":76},[56,105181,419],{"class":80},[56,105183,3541],{"class":76},[56,105185,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105187,373],{"class":72},[56,105189,77],{"class":76},[56,105191,6822],{"class":378},[56,105193,6049],{"class":76},[56,105195,2291],{"class":80},[56,105197,306],{"class":76},[56,105199,8323],{"class":80},[56,105201,306],{"class":76},[56,105203,534],{"class":80},[56,105205,390],{"class":76},[56,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105209,373],{"class":72},[56,105211,77],{"class":76},[56,105213,6822],{"class":378},[56,105215,77],{"class":76},[56,105217,1017],{"class":1016},[56,105219,4386],{"class":1020},[56,105221,1017],{"class":1016},[56,105223,1635],{"class":76},[56,105225,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236,105238,105240],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,105227,373],{"class":72},[56,105229,77],{"class":76},[56,105231,6822],{"class":378},[56,105233,77],{"class":76},[56,105235,198],{"class":72},[56,105237,77],{"class":76},[56,105239,1603],{"class":80},[56,105241,390],{"class":76},[20,105243,30559],{},[47,105245,105247],{"className":49,"code":105246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105248,105249,105265,105277,105313],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105250,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105252,9810],{"class":76},[56,105254,529],{"class":80},[56,105256,306],{"class":76},[56,105258,414],{"class":80},[56,105260,306],{"class":76},[56,105262,419],{"class":80},[56,105264,9841],{"class":76},[56,105266,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105268,9810],{"class":76},[56,105270,2291],{"class":80},[56,105272,306],{"class":76},[56,105274,8323],{"class":80},[56,105276,9841],{"class":76},[56,105278,105279,105281,105283,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105280,9810],{"class":76},[56,105282,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105284,60937],{"class":1020},[56,105286,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105288,306],{"class":76},[56,105290,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105292,60946],{"class":1020},[56,105294,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105296,306],{"class":76},[56,105298,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105300,60955],{"class":1020},[56,105302,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105304,306],{"class":76},[56,105306,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105308,60972],{"class":1020},[56,105310,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105312,9841],{"class":76},[56,105314,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,105316,9810],{"class":76},[56,105318,152],{"class":80},[56,105320,306],{"class":76},[56,105322,409],{"class":80},[56,105324,306],{"class":76},[56,105326,414],{"class":80},[56,105328,306],{"class":76},[56,105330,419],{"class":80},[56,105332,9841],{"class":76},[20,105334,105335,105336,156],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[264,105337,105338],{"href":65346},"Python list() function explained",[42,105340,105342],{"id":105341},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105344,98568],{},[47,105346,105347],{"className":49,"code":99533,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105348,105349,105359,105369],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105350,105351,105353,105355,105357],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105352,98578],{"class":65},[56,105354,1217],{"class":827},[56,105356,16168],{"class":378},[56,105358,9174],{"class":76},[56,105360,105361,105363,105365,105367],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105362,373],{"class":72},[56,105364,77],{"class":76},[56,105366,98597],{"class":95},[56,105368,99],{"class":76},[56,105370,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105372,373],{"class":72},[56,105374,77],{"class":76},[56,105376,2312],{"class":378},[56,105378,77],{"class":76},[56,105380,98597],{"class":95},[56,105382,1635],{"class":76},[20,105384,239],{},[47,105386,105387],{"className":49,"code":99576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105388,105389,105395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105390,105391,105393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105392,6822],{"class":378},[56,105394,9174],{"class":76},[56,105396,105397,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105398,3833],{"class":827},[56,105400,3836],{"class":2610},[56,105402,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105404,6822],{"class":1020},[56,105406,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105408,3847],{"class":827},[20,105410,105411],{},"This is important because:",[173,105413,105414,105419],{},[176,105415,105416,105418],{},[15,105417,4338],{}," creates an empty set",[176,105420,105421,105423,105424,105426],{},[15,105422,4333],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[37,105425,5170],{}," a set",[20,105428,986],{},[47,105430,105432],{"className":49,"code":105431,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105433,105434,105444,105452,105456,105470],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105435,105436,105438,105440,105442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105437,3098],{"class":65},[56,105439,1217],{"class":827},[56,105441,16168],{"class":378},[56,105443,9174],{"class":76},[56,105445,105446,105448,105450],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105447,3125],{"class":65},[56,105449,1217],{"class":827},[56,105451,10370],{"class":76},[56,105453,105454],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105455,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,105457,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,105459,373],{"class":72},[56,105461,77],{"class":76},[56,105463,2312],{"class":378},[56,105465,77],{"class":76},[56,105467,264],{"class":95},[56,105469,1635],{"class":76},[56,105471,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,105473,373],{"class":72},[56,105475,77],{"class":76},[56,105477,2312],{"class":378},[56,105479,77],{"class":76},[56,105481,1234],{"class":95},[56,105483,1635],{"class":76},[20,105485,239],{},[47,105487,105489],{"className":49,"code":105488,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105490,105491,105505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105492,105493,105495,105497,105499,105501,105503],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105494,3833],{"class":827},[56,105496,3836],{"class":2610},[56,105498,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105500,6822],{"class":1020},[56,105502,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105504,3847],{"class":827},[56,105506,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105508,3833],{"class":827},[56,105510,3836],{"class":2610},[56,105512,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105514,9353],{"class":1020},[56,105516,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105518,3847],{"class":827},[20,105520,14583],{},[20,105522,105523,105524,156],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[264,105525,104780],{"href":96619},[42,105527,105529],{"id":105528},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[353,105531,105533],{"id":105532},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105535,105536,105537,156],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105538,4338],{},[47,105540,105542],{"className":49,"code":105541,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105543,105544,105576,105590,105594],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105545,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105547,1594],{"class":65},[56,105549,1217],{"class":827},[56,105551,1220],{"class":76},[56,105553,529],{"class":80},[56,105555,306],{"class":76},[56,105557,414],{"class":80},[56,105559,306],{"class":76},[56,105561,414],{"class":80},[56,105563,306],{"class":76},[56,105565,419],{"class":80},[56,105567,306],{"class":76},[56,105569,419],{"class":80},[56,105571,306],{"class":76},[56,105573,419],{"class":80},[56,105575,427],{"class":76},[56,105577,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105579,2775],{"class":65},[56,105581,1217],{"class":827},[56,105583,16168],{"class":378},[56,105585,77],{"class":76},[56,105587,1618],{"class":95},[56,105589,99],{"class":76},[56,105591,105592],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105593,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,105595,105596,105598,105600,105602],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,105597,373],{"class":72},[56,105599,77],{"class":76},[56,105601,2809],{"class":95},[56,105603,99],{"class":76},[20,105605,239],{},[47,105607,105608],{"className":49,"code":96895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105609,105610],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105611,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105613,9810],{"class":76},[56,105615,529],{"class":80},[56,105617,306],{"class":76},[56,105619,414],{"class":80},[56,105621,306],{"class":76},[56,105623,419],{"class":80},[56,105625,9841],{"class":76},[20,105627,105628,105629,156],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[264,105630,99366],{"href":105631},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[353,105633,105635],{"id":105634},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[47,105637,105639],{"className":49,"code":105638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105640,105641,105665,105679,105683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105642,105643,105645,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655,105657,105659,105661,105663],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105644,4364],{"class":65},[56,105646,1217],{"class":827},[56,105648,9768],{"class":76},[56,105650,81],{"class":80},[56,105652,306],{"class":76},[56,105654,496],{"class":80},[56,105656,306],{"class":76},[56,105658,534],{"class":80},[56,105660,306],{"class":76},[56,105662,38448],{"class":80},[56,105664,99],{"class":76},[56,105666,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105668,2775],{"class":65},[56,105670,1217],{"class":827},[56,105672,16168],{"class":378},[56,105674,77],{"class":76},[56,105676,5898],{"class":95},[56,105678,99],{"class":76},[56,105680,105681],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105682,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,105684,105685,105687,105689,105691],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,105686,373],{"class":72},[56,105688,77],{"class":76},[56,105690,2809],{"class":95},[56,105692,99],{"class":76},[20,105694,239],{},[47,105696,105698],{"className":49,"code":105697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105699,105700],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105701,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105703,9810],{"class":76},[56,105705,81],{"class":80},[56,105707,306],{"class":76},[56,105709,534],{"class":80},[56,105711,306],{"class":76},[56,105713,38448],{"class":80},[56,105715,9841],{"class":76},[353,105717,105719],{"id":105718},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105721,51628,105722,105724],{},[15,105723,4338],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[47,105726,105728],{"className":49,"code":105727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105729,105730,105742,105756,105760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105731,105732,105734,105736,105738,105740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105733,35217],{"class":65},[56,105735,1217],{"class":827},[56,105737,1231],{"class":1016},[56,105739,4628],{"class":1020},[56,105741,3903],{"class":1016},[56,105743,105744,105746,105748,105750,105752,105754],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105745,2775],{"class":65},[56,105747,1217],{"class":827},[56,105749,16168],{"class":378},[56,105751,77],{"class":76},[56,105753,35238],{"class":95},[56,105755,99],{"class":76},[56,105757,105758],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105759,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,105761,105762,105764,105766,105768],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,105763,373],{"class":72},[56,105765,77],{"class":76},[56,105767,2809],{"class":95},[56,105769,99],{"class":76},[20,105771,30559],{},[47,105773,105775],{"className":49,"code":105774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105776,105777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105778,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105780,9810],{"class":76},[56,105782,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105784,1234],{"class":1020},[56,105786,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105788,306],{"class":76},[56,105790,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105792,264],{"class":1020},[56,105794,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105796,306],{"class":76},[56,105798,3839],{"class":1016},[56,105800,76524],{"class":1020},[56,105802,3844],{"class":1016},[56,105804,9841],{"class":76},[20,105806,105807],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[353,105809,105811],{"id":105810},"from-range","From range()",[47,105813,105815],{"className":49,"code":105814,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105816,105817,105835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105818,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105820,2775],{"class":65},[56,105822,1217],{"class":827},[56,105824,16168],{"class":378},[56,105826,77],{"class":76},[56,105828,198],{"class":72},[56,105830,77],{"class":76},[56,105832,81],{"class":80},[56,105834,1635],{"class":76},[56,105836,105837,105839,105841,105843],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105838,373],{"class":72},[56,105840,77],{"class":76},[56,105842,2809],{"class":95},[56,105844,99],{"class":76},[20,105846,239],{},[47,105848,105850],{"className":49,"code":105849,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105851,105852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105853,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105855,9810],{"class":76},[56,105857,152],{"class":80},[56,105859,306],{"class":76},[56,105861,409],{"class":80},[56,105863,306],{"class":76},[56,105865,414],{"class":80},[56,105867,306],{"class":76},[56,105869,419],{"class":80},[56,105871,306],{"class":76},[56,105873,424],{"class":80},[56,105875,9841],{"class":76},[42,105877,105879],{"id":105878},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105881,99813,105882,156],{},[37,105883,96659],{},[20,105885,105886],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105888,99819],{},[173,105890,105891,105895,105899,105903],{},[176,105892,105893],{},[15,105894,2734],{},[176,105896,105897],{},[15,105898,3988],{},[176,105900,105901],{},[15,105902,2738],{},[176,105904,105905,105907],{},[15,105906,49456],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105909,986],{},[47,105911,105913],{"className":49,"code":105912,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105914,105915,105946],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105916,105917,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941,105943],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105918,1214],{"class":65},[56,105920,1217],{"class":827},[56,105922,11023],{"class":76},[56,105924,529],{"class":80},[56,105926,306],{"class":76},[56,105928,1231],{"class":1016},[56,105930,4386],{"class":1020},[56,105932,1017],{"class":1016},[56,105934,306],{"class":76},[56,105936,9768],{"class":76},[56,105938,2291],{"class":80},[56,105940,306],{"class":76},[56,105942,8323],{"class":80},[56,105944,105945],{"class":76},")}\n",[56,105947,105948,105950,105952,105954],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,105949,373],{"class":72},[56,105951,77],{"class":76},[56,105953,1271],{"class":95},[56,105955,99],{"class":76},[20,105957,99881,105958,105960],{},[37,105959,5170],{}," work inside a set:",[173,105962,105963,105967,105971],{},[176,105964,105965],{},[15,105966,379],{},[176,105968,105969],{},[15,105970,9353],{},[176,105972,105973],{},[15,105974,6822],{},[20,105976,97384],{},[47,105978,105980],{"className":49,"code":105979,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105981,105982],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105983,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105985,99900],{"class":65},[56,105987,1217],{"class":827},[56,105989,99905],{"class":76},[56,105991,529],{"class":80},[56,105993,306],{"class":76},[56,105995,414],{"class":80},[56,105997,18597],{"class":76},[56,105999,1220],{"class":76},[56,106001,223],{"class":80},[56,106003,306],{"class":76},[56,106005,424],{"class":80},[56,106007,14240],{"class":76},[20,106009,950,106010,106012],{},[15,106011,3547],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106014,106015],{},"A safer example:",[47,106017,106019],{"className":49,"code":106018,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106020,106021,106049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106022,106023,106026,106028,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106024,106025],{"class":65},"good_set ",[56,106027,1217],{"class":827},[56,106029,106030],{"class":76}," {(",[56,106032,529],{"class":80},[56,106034,306],{"class":76},[56,106036,414],{"class":80},[56,106038,9765],{"class":76},[56,106040,9768],{"class":76},[56,106042,223],{"class":80},[56,106044,306],{"class":76},[56,106046,424],{"class":80},[56,106048,105945],{"class":76},[56,106050,106051,106053,106055,106058],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106052,373],{"class":72},[56,106054,77],{"class":76},[56,106056,106057],{"class":95},"good_set",[56,106059,99],{"class":76},[20,106061,239],{},[47,106063,106065],{"className":49,"code":106064,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106066,106067],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106068,106069,106072,106074,106076,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106070,106071],{"class":76},"{(",[56,106073,529],{"class":80},[56,106075,306],{"class":76},[56,106077,414],{"class":80},[56,106079,9765],{"class":76},[56,106081,9768],{"class":76},[56,106083,223],{"class":80},[56,106085,306],{"class":76},[56,106087,424],{"class":80},[56,106089,105945],{"class":76},[42,106091,106093],{"id":106092},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106095,2638,106096,11133],{},[15,106097,4338],{},[173,106099,106100,106103,106108,106111],{},[176,106101,106102],{},"you need unique values only",[176,106104,106105,106106],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106107,69],{},[176,106109,106110],{},"order does not matter",[176,106112,106113],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106115,106116],{},"Example of membership checking:",[47,106118,106120],{"className":49,"code":106119,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106121,106122,106147,106151,106167],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106123,106124,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106140,106142,106145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106125,106126],{"class":65},"allowed_ids ",[56,106128,1217],{"class":827},[56,106130,16168],{"class":378},[56,106132,3528],{"class":76},[56,106134,47098],{"class":80},[56,106136,306],{"class":76},[56,106138,106139],{"class":80}," 102",[56,106141,306],{"class":76},[56,106143,106144],{"class":80}," 103",[56,106146,1294],{"class":76},[56,106148,106149],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106150,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,106152,106153,106155,106157,106160,106162,106165],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106154,373],{"class":72},[56,106156,77],{"class":76},[56,106158,106159],{"class":80},"102",[56,106161,21709],{"class":62},[56,106163,106164],{"class":95}," allowed_ids",[56,106166,99],{"class":76},[56,106168,106169,106171,106173,106176,106178,106180],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,106170,373],{"class":72},[56,106172,77],{"class":76},[56,106174,106175],{"class":80},"999",[56,106177,21709],{"class":62},[56,106179,106164],{"class":95},[56,106181,99],{"class":76},[20,106183,239],{},[47,106185,106186],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,106187,106188,106192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106189,106190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106191,4519],{"class":4393},[56,106193,106194],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106195,4580],{"class":4393},[20,106197,106198],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[42,106200,106202],{"id":106201},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106204,106205],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[353,106207,2638,106209,98510],{"id":106208},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106210,4338],{},[47,106212,106213],{"className":49,"code":98571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,106214,106215,106225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106216,106217,106219,106221,106223],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106218,98578],{"class":65},[56,106220,1217],{"class":827},[56,106222,16168],{"class":378},[56,106224,9174],{"class":76},[56,106226,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106228,373],{"class":72},[56,106230,77],{"class":76},[56,106232,2312],{"class":378},[56,106234,77],{"class":76},[56,106236,98597],{"class":95},[56,106238,1635],{"class":76},[20,106240,239],{},[47,106242,106243],{"className":49,"code":9384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,106244,106245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106246,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106248,3833],{"class":827},[56,106250,3836],{"class":2610},[56,106252,3839],{"class":1016},[56,106254,6822],{"class":1020},[56,106256,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106258,3847],{"class":827},[353,106260,2638,106262,106264],{"id":106261},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106263,100570],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[47,106266,106268],{"className":49,"code":106267,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106269,106270,106290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106271,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106273,1594],{"class":65},[56,106275,1217],{"class":827},[56,106277,11023],{"class":76},[56,106279,529],{"class":80},[56,106281,306],{"class":76},[56,106283,414],{"class":80},[56,106285,306],{"class":76},[56,106287,419],{"class":80},[56,106289,9841],{"class":76},[56,106291,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300,106302],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106293,373],{"class":72},[56,106295,77],{"class":76},[56,106297,2312],{"class":378},[56,106299,77],{"class":76},[56,106301,1618],{"class":95},[56,106303,1635],{"class":76},[20,106305,239],{},[47,106307,106308],{"className":49,"code":9384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,106309,106310],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106311,106312,106314,106316,106318,106320,106322],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106313,3833],{"class":827},[56,106315,3836],{"class":2610},[56,106317,3839],{"class":1016},[56,106319,6822],{"class":1020},[56,106321,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106323,3847],{"class":827},[353,106325,2638,106327,106329],{"id":106326},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106328,4333],{}," for an empty dictionary",[47,106331,106333],{"className":49,"code":106332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106334,106335,106344],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106336,106337,106340,106342],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106338,106339],{"class":65},"empty_dict ",[56,106341,1217],{"class":827},[56,106343,10370],{"class":76},[56,106345,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106357],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106347,373],{"class":72},[56,106349,77],{"class":76},[56,106351,2312],{"class":378},[56,106353,77],{"class":76},[56,106355,106356],{"class":95},"empty_dict",[56,106358,1635],{"class":76},[20,106360,239],{},[47,106362,106363],{"className":49,"code":9340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,106364,106365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106366,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106368,3833],{"class":827},[56,106370,3836],{"class":2610},[56,106372,3839],{"class":1016},[56,106374,9353],{"class":1020},[56,106376,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106378,3847],{"class":827},[20,106380,106381],{},"So the rule is simple:",[173,106383,106384,106389,106394],{},[176,106385,106386,106388],{},[15,106387,4338],{}," → empty set",[176,106390,106391,106393],{},[15,106392,100570],{}," → non-empty set",[176,106395,106396,106398],{},[15,106397,4333],{}," → empty dictionary",[42,106400,3374],{"id":3373},[20,106402,106403,106404,156],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106405,4338],{},[353,106407,958,106408,100168],{"id":100165},[15,106409,4333],{},[20,106411,106412],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[47,106414,106415],{"className":49,"code":100174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,106416,106417,106425],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106418,106419,106421,106423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106420,2992],{"class":65},[56,106422,1217],{"class":827},[56,106424,10370],{"class":76},[56,106426,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106428,373],{"class":72},[56,106430,77],{"class":76},[56,106432,2312],{"class":378},[56,106434,77],{"class":76},[56,106436,3017],{"class":95},[56,106438,1635],{"class":76},[353,106440,106442,106443],{"id":106441},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106444,106445],{},"set(5)",[20,106447,106448,106450],{},[15,106449,4338],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[47,106452,106454],{"className":49,"code":106453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set(5)\n",[15,106455,106456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106457,106458,106460,106462,106464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106459,6822],{"class":378},[56,106461,77],{"class":76},[56,106463,81],{"class":80},[56,106465,99],{"class":76},[20,106467,3544,106468,106470,106471,156],{},[15,106469,3547],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[264,106472,106474],{"href":106473},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[353,106476,106478],{"id":106477},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106480,106481],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[47,106483,106485],{"className":49,"code":106484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106486,106487],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106488,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106490,2992],{"class":65},[56,106492,1217],{"class":827},[56,106494,99905],{"class":76},[56,106496,529],{"class":80},[56,106498,306],{"class":76},[56,106500,414],{"class":80},[56,106502,18597],{"class":76},[56,106504,1220],{"class":76},[56,106506,223],{"class":80},[56,106508,306],{"class":76},[56,106510,424],{"class":80},[56,106512,14240],{"class":76},[353,106514,8983,106516,106518],{"id":106515},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106517,4338],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106520,106521],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[353,106523,37718,106525,9236,106527,3422,106529],{"id":106524},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106526,4338],{},[15,106528,1518],{},[15,106530,9651],{},[20,106532,106533],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[42,106535,61209],{"id":61208},[20,106537,11645],{},[47,106539,106541],{"className":49,"code":106540,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106542,106543,106558,106568,106582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106544,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106546,373],{"class":72},[56,106548,77],{"class":76},[56,106550,2312],{"class":378},[56,106552,77],{"class":76},[56,106554,106555],{"class":95},"my_value",[56,106557,1635],{"class":76},[56,106559,106560,106562,106564,106566],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106561,373],{"class":72},[56,106563,77],{"class":76},[56,106565,106555],{"class":95},[56,106567,99],{"class":76},[56,106569,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106571,373],{"class":72},[56,106573,77],{"class":76},[56,106575,379],{"class":378},[56,106577,77],{"class":76},[56,106579,16201],{"class":95},[56,106581,1635],{"class":76},[56,106583,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,106585,373],{"class":72},[56,106587,77],{"class":76},[56,106589,1266],{"class":72},[56,106591,77],{"class":76},[56,106593,16201],{"class":95},[56,106595,1635],{"class":76},[20,106597,106598],{},"What they help you see:",[173,106600,106601,106607,106612,106618],{},[176,106602,106603,106606],{},[15,106604,106605],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[176,106608,106609,91035],{},[15,106610,106611],{},"print(my_value)",[176,106613,106614,106617],{},[15,106615,106616],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[176,106619,106620,106623],{},[15,106621,106622],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[42,106625,2343],{"id":2342},[353,106627,106629],{"id":106628},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106631,106632],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[353,106634,106636],{"id":106635},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106638,2638,106639,106641,106642,106644],{},[15,106640,4338],{},". Do not use ",[15,106643,4333],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[353,106646,106648],{"id":106647},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106650,106651],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[353,106653,106655],{"id":106654},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106657,106658],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106660,986],{},[47,106662,106664],{"className":49,"code":106663,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106665,106666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106667,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106669,373],{"class":72},[56,106671,77],{"class":76},[56,106673,6822],{"class":378},[56,106675,77],{"class":76},[56,106677,1017],{"class":1016},[56,106679,4619],{"class":1020},[56,106681,1017],{"class":1016},[56,106683,1635],{"class":76},[20,106685,30559],{},[47,106687,106689],{"className":49,"code":106688,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106690,106691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106694,9810],{"class":76},[56,106696,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106698,264],{"class":1020},[56,106700,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106702,306],{"class":76},[56,106704,3839],{"class":1016},[56,106706,20],{"class":1020},[56,106708,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106710,306],{"class":76},[56,106712,3839],{"class":1016},[56,106714,60955],{"class":1020},[56,106716,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106718,306],{"class":76},[56,106720,3839],{"class":1016},[56,106722,60946],{"class":1020},[56,106724,3844],{"class":1016},[56,106726,9841],{"class":76},[353,106728,2357,106730,106733],{"id":106729},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106731,106732],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106735,106736,29216,106738,106741],{},[15,106737,4338],{},[37,106739,106740],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106743,106744],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[47,106746,106748],{"className":49,"code":106747,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106749,106750],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106751,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106753,373],{"class":72},[56,106755,77],{"class":76},[56,106757,6822],{"class":378},[56,106759,3528],{"class":76},[56,106761,529],{"class":80},[56,106763,306],{"class":76},[56,106765,414],{"class":80},[56,106767,306],{"class":76},[56,106769,419],{"class":80},[56,106771,306],{"class":76},[56,106773,424],{"class":80},[56,106775,3541],{"class":76},[42,106777,2417],{"id":2416},[173,106779,106780,106784,106788,106792,106796],{},[176,106781,106782],{},[264,106783,96616],{"href":96615},[176,106785,106786],{},[264,106787,104780],{"href":96619},[176,106789,106790],{},[264,106791,100632],{"href":105631},[176,106793,106794],{},[264,106795,105338],{"href":65346},[176,106797,106798],{},[264,106799,106474],{"href":106473},[2451,106801,106802],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":106804},[106805,106806,106807,106808,106809,106815,106816,106817,106825,106835,106836,106844],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":104956,"depth":87,"text":104957},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":105341,"depth":87,"text":105342},{"id":105528,"depth":87,"text":105529,"children":106810},[106811,106812,106813,106814],{"id":105532,"depth":102,"text":105533},{"id":105634,"depth":102,"text":105635},{"id":105718,"depth":102,"text":105719},{"id":105810,"depth":102,"text":105811},{"id":105878,"depth":87,"text":105879},{"id":106092,"depth":87,"text":106093},{"id":106201,"depth":87,"text":106202,"children":106818},[106819,106821,106823],{"id":106208,"depth":102,"text":106820},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106261,"depth":102,"text":106822},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106326,"depth":102,"text":106824},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":106826},[106827,106828,106830,106831,106833],{"id":100165,"depth":102,"text":100673},{"id":106441,"depth":102,"text":106829},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106477,"depth":102,"text":106478},{"id":106515,"depth":102,"text":106832},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106524,"depth":102,"text":106834},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61208,"depth":87,"text":61209},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":106837},[106838,106839,106840,106841,106842],{"id":106628,"depth":102,"text":106629},{"id":106635,"depth":102,"text":106636},{"id":106647,"depth":102,"text":106648},{"id":106654,"depth":102,"text":106655},{"id":106729,"depth":102,"text":106843},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104838,"description":106845},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106852,"title":106853,"body":106854,"description":108369,"extension":2509,"meta":108370,"navigation":105,"path":108371,"seo":108372,"stem":108373,"__hash__":108374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106855,"toc":108345},[106856,106862,106867,106870,106953,106958,106963,106968,106970,106983,106987,106989,107008,107011,107034,107037,107048,107050,107131,107133,107150,107152,107158,107161,107256,107258,107289,107291,107299,107301,107304,107415,107417,107442,107444,107466,107471,107476,107482,107591,107593,107609,107612,107615,107698,107700,107717,107725,107727,107731,107737,107828,107830,107863,107868,107875,107952,107954,107971,107977,107979,107983,107999,108002,108028,108030,108091,108093,108216,108218,108269,108275,108277,108282,108284,108290,108293,108297,108300,108304,108307,108317,108319,108342],[10,106857,13,106859,11854],{"id":106858},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106860,106861],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106863,2526,106864,106866],{},[15,106865,106861],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106868,106869],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[47,106871,106873],{"className":49,"code":106872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106874,106875,106895,106915,106919,106938,106948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106876,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106878,3098],{"class":65},[56,106880,1217],{"class":827},[56,106882,11023],{"class":76},[56,106884,529],{"class":80},[56,106886,306],{"class":76},[56,106888,414],{"class":80},[56,106890,306],{"class":76},[56,106892,419],{"class":80},[56,106894,9841],{"class":76},[56,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,106898,3125],{"class":65},[56,106900,1217],{"class":827},[56,106902,11023],{"class":76},[56,106904,463],{"class":80},[56,106906,306],{"class":76},[56,106908,419],{"class":80},[56,106910,306],{"class":76},[56,106912,424],{"class":80},[56,106914,9841],{"class":76},[56,106916,106917],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106918,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,106920,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106932,106934,106936],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,106922,2775],{"class":65},[56,106924,1217],{"class":827},[56,106926,57387],{"class":65},[56,106928,156],{"class":76},[56,106930,106931],{"class":95},"intersection",[56,106933,77],{"class":76},[56,106935,1234],{"class":95},[56,106937,99],{"class":76},[56,106939,106940,106942,106944,106946],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,106941,373],{"class":72},[56,106943,77],{"class":76},[56,106945,2809],{"class":95},[56,106947,99],{"class":76},[56,106949,106950],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,106951,106952],{"class":112},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106954,2638,106955,106957],{},[15,106956,103079],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[42,106959,13530,106961,13533],{"id":106960},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106962,103079],{},[20,106964,106965,106967],{},[15,106966,103079],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106969,171],{},[173,106971,106972,106975,106977,106980],{},[176,106973,106974],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[176,106976,100849],{},[176,106978,106979],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[176,106981,106982],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106984,96612,106985,156],{},[264,106986,96616],{"href":96615},[42,106988,2702],{"id":2701},[47,106990,106992],{"className":49,"code":106991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106993,106994],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106995,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106997,100873],{"class":65},[56,106999,156],{"class":76},[56,107001,106931],{"class":95},[56,107003,77],{"class":76},[56,107005,100882],{"class":95},[56,107007,99],{"class":76},[20,107009,107010],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[47,107012,107014],{"className":49,"code":107013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107015,107016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107017,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107019,100873],{"class":65},[56,107021,156],{"class":76},[56,107023,106931],{"class":95},[56,107025,77],{"class":76},[56,107027,100882],{"class":95},[56,107029,306],{"class":76},[56,107031,100909],{"class":95},[56,107033,99],{"class":76},[20,107035,107036],{},"Important notes:",[173,107038,107039,107042,107045],{},[176,107040,107041],{},"The result is always a new set",[176,107043,107044],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[176,107046,107047],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107049,986],{},[47,107051,107053],{"className":49,"code":107052,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107054,107055,107079,107099,107103,107121],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107056,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073,107075,107077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107058,3098],{"class":65},[56,107060,1217],{"class":827},[56,107062,11023],{"class":76},[56,107064,529],{"class":80},[56,107066,306],{"class":76},[56,107068,414],{"class":80},[56,107070,306],{"class":76},[56,107072,419],{"class":80},[56,107074,306],{"class":76},[56,107076,424],{"class":80},[56,107078,9841],{"class":76},[56,107080,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107082,3125],{"class":65},[56,107084,1217],{"class":827},[56,107086,11023],{"class":76},[56,107088,223],{"class":80},[56,107090,306],{"class":76},[56,107092,424],{"class":80},[56,107094,306],{"class":76},[56,107096,496],{"class":80},[56,107098,9841],{"class":76},[56,107100,107101],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107102,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107104,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,107106,2775],{"class":65},[56,107108,1217],{"class":827},[56,107110,57387],{"class":65},[56,107112,156],{"class":76},[56,107114,106931],{"class":95},[56,107116,77],{"class":76},[56,107118,1234],{"class":95},[56,107120,99],{"class":76},[56,107122,107123,107125,107127,107129],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,107124,373],{"class":72},[56,107126,77],{"class":76},[56,107128,2809],{"class":95},[56,107130,99],{"class":76},[20,107132,239],{},[47,107134,107136],{"className":49,"code":107135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107137,107138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107139,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107141,9810],{"class":76},[56,107143,223],{"class":80},[56,107145,306],{"class":76},[56,107147,424],{"class":80},[56,107149,9841],{"class":76},[42,107151,17954],{"id":17953},[20,107153,107154,22511,107156,156],{},[15,107155,103079],{},[37,107157,6822],{},[20,107159,107160],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[47,107162,107164],{"className":49,"code":107163,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107165,107166,107186,107206,107210,107228,107232,107242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107167,107168,107170,107172,107174,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107169,3098],{"class":65},[56,107171,1217],{"class":827},[56,107173,11023],{"class":76},[56,107175,529],{"class":80},[56,107177,306],{"class":76},[56,107179,414],{"class":80},[56,107181,306],{"class":76},[56,107183,419],{"class":80},[56,107185,9841],{"class":76},[56,107187,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107189,3125],{"class":65},[56,107191,1217],{"class":827},[56,107193,11023],{"class":76},[56,107195,463],{"class":80},[56,107197,306],{"class":76},[56,107199,419],{"class":80},[56,107201,306],{"class":76},[56,107203,424],{"class":80},[56,107205,9841],{"class":76},[56,107207,107208],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107209,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107211,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,107213,2775],{"class":65},[56,107215,1217],{"class":827},[56,107217,57387],{"class":65},[56,107219,156],{"class":76},[56,107221,106931],{"class":95},[56,107223,77],{"class":76},[56,107225,1234],{"class":95},[56,107227,99],{"class":76},[56,107229,107230],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,107231,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,107235,373],{"class":72},[56,107237,77],{"class":76},[56,107239,2809],{"class":95},[56,107241,99],{"class":76},[56,107243,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,107245,373],{"class":72},[56,107247,77],{"class":76},[56,107249,2312],{"class":378},[56,107251,77],{"class":76},[56,107253,2809],{"class":95},[56,107255,1635],{"class":76},[20,107257,239],{},[47,107259,107261],{"className":49,"code":107260,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107262,107263,107275],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107264,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107266,9810],{"class":76},[56,107268,463],{"class":80},[56,107270,306],{"class":76},[56,107272,419],{"class":80},[56,107274,9841],{"class":76},[56,107276,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107278,3833],{"class":827},[56,107280,3836],{"class":2610},[56,107282,3839],{"class":1016},[56,107284,6822],{"class":1020},[56,107286,3844],{"class":1016},[56,107288,3847],{"class":827},[20,107290,86299],{},[173,107292,107293,107296],{},[176,107294,107295],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[176,107297,107298],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[42,107300,12008],{"id":12007},[20,107302,107303],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[47,107305,107307],{"className":49,"code":107306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107308,107309,107342,107375,107379,107400,107404],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107310,107311,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107312,107313],{"class":65},"colors1 ",[56,107315,1217],{"class":827},[56,107317,11023],{"class":76},[56,107319,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107321,13626],{"class":1020},[56,107323,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107325,306],{"class":76},[56,107327,1231],{"class":1016},[56,107329,13643],{"class":1020},[56,107331,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107333,306],{"class":76},[56,107335,1231],{"class":1016},[56,107337,17990],{"class":1020},[56,107339,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107341,9841],{"class":76},[56,107343,107344,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107345,107346],{"class":65},"colors2 ",[56,107348,1217],{"class":827},[56,107350,11023],{"class":76},[56,107352,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107354,17990],{"class":1020},[56,107356,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107358,306],{"class":76},[56,107360,1231],{"class":1016},[56,107362,23060],{"class":1020},[56,107364,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107366,306],{"class":76},[56,107368,1231],{"class":1016},[56,107370,13643],{"class":1020},[56,107372,1017],{"class":1016},[56,107374,9841],{"class":76},[56,107376,107377],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107378,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107380,107381,107384,107386,107389,107391,107393,107395,107398],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,107382,107383],{"class":65},"common_colors ",[56,107385,1217],{"class":827},[56,107387,107388],{"class":65}," colors1",[56,107390,156],{"class":76},[56,107392,106931],{"class":95},[56,107394,77],{"class":76},[56,107396,107397],{"class":95},"colors2",[56,107399,99],{"class":76},[56,107401,107402],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,107403,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107405,107406,107408,107410,107413],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,107407,373],{"class":72},[56,107409,77],{"class":76},[56,107411,107412],{"class":95},"common_colors",[56,107414,99],{"class":76},[20,107416,239],{},[47,107418,107420],{"className":49,"code":107419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107421,107422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107423,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107425,9810],{"class":76},[56,107427,3844],{"class":1016},[56,107429,13643],{"class":1020},[56,107431,3844],{"class":1016},[56,107433,306],{"class":76},[56,107435,3839],{"class":1016},[56,107437,17990],{"class":1020},[56,107439,3844],{"class":1016},[56,107441,9841],{"class":76},[20,107443,12217],{},[173,107445,107446,107452,107456,107461],{},[176,107447,107448,107451],{},[15,107449,107450],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[176,107453,107454,107451],{},[15,107455,107397],{},[176,107457,107458,107460],{},[15,107459,103079],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[176,107462,107463,107464],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107465,107412],{},[42,107467,958,107469,101446],{"id":107468},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107470,103079],{},[20,107472,107473,107474,156],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107475,103079],{},[20,107477,107478,107479,107481],{},"Only the values found in ",[37,107480,4256],{}," inputs will be kept.",[47,107483,107485],{"className":49,"code":107484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107486,107487,107511,107535,107555,107559,107581],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107488,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107490,3098],{"class":65},[56,107492,1217],{"class":827},[56,107494,11023],{"class":76},[56,107496,529],{"class":80},[56,107498,306],{"class":76},[56,107500,414],{"class":80},[56,107502,306],{"class":76},[56,107504,419],{"class":80},[56,107506,306],{"class":76},[56,107508,424],{"class":80},[56,107510,9841],{"class":76},[56,107512,107513,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107514,3125],{"class":65},[56,107516,1217],{"class":827},[56,107518,11023],{"class":76},[56,107520,463],{"class":80},[56,107522,306],{"class":76},[56,107524,419],{"class":80},[56,107526,306],{"class":76},[56,107528,424],{"class":80},[56,107530,306],{"class":76},[56,107532,496],{"class":80},[56,107534,9841],{"class":76},[56,107536,107537,107539,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107538,83673],{"class":65},[56,107540,1217],{"class":827},[56,107542,11023],{"class":76},[56,107544,223],{"class":80},[56,107546,306],{"class":76},[56,107548,424],{"class":80},[56,107550,306],{"class":76},[56,107552,468],{"class":80},[56,107554,9841],{"class":76},[56,107556,107557],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,107558,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107560,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571,107573,107575,107577,107579],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,107562,2775],{"class":65},[56,107564,1217],{"class":827},[56,107566,57387],{"class":65},[56,107568,156],{"class":76},[56,107570,106931],{"class":95},[56,107572,77],{"class":76},[56,107574,1234],{"class":95},[56,107576,306],{"class":76},[56,107578,10214],{"class":95},[56,107580,99],{"class":76},[56,107582,107583,107585,107587,107589],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,107584,373],{"class":72},[56,107586,77],{"class":76},[56,107588,2809],{"class":95},[56,107590,99],{"class":76},[20,107592,239],{},[47,107594,107595],{"className":49,"code":107135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,107596,107597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107598,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107600,9810],{"class":76},[56,107602,223],{"class":80},[56,107604,306],{"class":76},[56,107606,424],{"class":80},[56,107608,9841],{"class":76},[20,107610,107611],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107613,107614],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[47,107616,107618],{"className":49,"code":107617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107619,107620,107644,107648,107688],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107621,107622,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107623,3098],{"class":65},[56,107625,1217],{"class":827},[56,107627,11023],{"class":76},[56,107629,529],{"class":80},[56,107631,306],{"class":76},[56,107633,414],{"class":80},[56,107635,306],{"class":76},[56,107637,419],{"class":80},[56,107639,306],{"class":76},[56,107641,424],{"class":80},[56,107643,9841],{"class":76},[56,107645,107646],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107647,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107649,107650,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684,107686],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107651,2775],{"class":65},[56,107653,1217],{"class":827},[56,107655,57387],{"class":65},[56,107657,156],{"class":76},[56,107659,106931],{"class":95},[56,107661,3528],{"class":76},[56,107663,463],{"class":80},[56,107665,306],{"class":76},[56,107667,424],{"class":80},[56,107669,306],{"class":76},[56,107671,468],{"class":80},[56,107673,18597],{"class":76},[56,107675,9768],{"class":76},[56,107677,529],{"class":80},[56,107679,306],{"class":76},[56,107681,414],{"class":80},[56,107683,306],{"class":76},[56,107685,424],{"class":80},[56,107687,1635],{"class":76},[56,107689,107690,107692,107694,107696],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,107691,373],{"class":72},[56,107693,77],{"class":76},[56,107695,2809],{"class":95},[56,107697,99],{"class":76},[20,107699,239],{},[47,107701,107703],{"className":49,"code":107702,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107704,107705],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107706,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107708,9810],{"class":76},[56,107710,463],{"class":80},[56,107712,306],{"class":76},[56,107714,424],{"class":80},[56,107716,9841],{"class":76},[42,107718,107720,1682,107722],{"id":107719},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107721,103079],{},[15,107723,107724],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107726,101616],{},[353,107728,107729],{"id":106931},[15,107730,103079],{},[173,107732,107733,107735],{},[176,107734,101625],{},[176,107736,101628],{},[47,107738,107740],{"className":49,"code":107739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107741,107742,107762,107782,107786,107804,107808,107818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107743,107744,107746,107748,107750,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107745,3098],{"class":65},[56,107747,1217],{"class":827},[56,107749,11023],{"class":76},[56,107751,529],{"class":80},[56,107753,306],{"class":76},[56,107755,414],{"class":80},[56,107757,306],{"class":76},[56,107759,419],{"class":80},[56,107761,9841],{"class":76},[56,107763,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107765,3125],{"class":65},[56,107767,1217],{"class":827},[56,107769,11023],{"class":76},[56,107771,463],{"class":80},[56,107773,306],{"class":76},[56,107775,419],{"class":80},[56,107777,306],{"class":76},[56,107779,424],{"class":80},[56,107781,9841],{"class":76},[56,107783,107784],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107785,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107787,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,107789,2775],{"class":65},[56,107791,1217],{"class":827},[56,107793,57387],{"class":65},[56,107795,156],{"class":76},[56,107797,106931],{"class":95},[56,107799,77],{"class":76},[56,107801,1234],{"class":95},[56,107803,99],{"class":76},[56,107805,107806],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,107807,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,107811,373],{"class":72},[56,107813,77],{"class":76},[56,107815,264],{"class":95},[56,107817,99],{"class":76},[56,107819,107820,107822,107824,107826],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,107821,373],{"class":72},[56,107823,77],{"class":76},[56,107825,2809],{"class":95},[56,107827,99],{"class":76},[20,107829,239],{},[47,107831,107833],{"className":49,"code":107832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107834,107835,107851],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107836,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107838,9810],{"class":76},[56,107840,529],{"class":80},[56,107842,306],{"class":76},[56,107844,414],{"class":80},[56,107846,306],{"class":76},[56,107848,419],{"class":80},[56,107850,9841],{"class":76},[56,107852,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107854,9810],{"class":76},[56,107856,463],{"class":80},[56,107858,306],{"class":76},[56,107860,419],{"class":80},[56,107862,9841],{"class":76},[353,107864,107866],{"id":107865},"intersection_update",[15,107867,107724],{},[173,107869,107870,107872],{},[176,107871,101768],{},[176,107873,107874],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[47,107876,107878],{"className":49,"code":107877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107879,107880,107900,107920,107924,107938,107942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107881,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107883,3098],{"class":65},[56,107885,1217],{"class":827},[56,107887,11023],{"class":76},[56,107889,529],{"class":80},[56,107891,306],{"class":76},[56,107893,414],{"class":80},[56,107895,306],{"class":76},[56,107897,419],{"class":80},[56,107899,9841],{"class":76},[56,107901,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,107903,3125],{"class":65},[56,107905,1217],{"class":827},[56,107907,11023],{"class":76},[56,107909,463],{"class":80},[56,107911,306],{"class":76},[56,107913,419],{"class":80},[56,107915,306],{"class":76},[56,107917,424],{"class":80},[56,107919,9841],{"class":76},[56,107921,107922],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107923,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107925,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,107927,264],{"class":65},[56,107929,156],{"class":76},[56,107931,107865],{"class":95},[56,107933,77],{"class":76},[56,107935,1234],{"class":95},[56,107937,99],{"class":76},[56,107939,107940],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,107941,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,107943,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,107945,373],{"class":72},[56,107947,77],{"class":76},[56,107949,264],{"class":95},[56,107951,99],{"class":76},[20,107953,239],{},[47,107955,107957],{"className":49,"code":107956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107958,107959],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107960,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107962,9810],{"class":76},[56,107964,463],{"class":80},[56,107966,306],{"class":76},[56,107968,419],{"class":80},[56,107970,9841],{"class":76},[20,107972,107973,107974,107976],{},"Choose ",[15,107975,103079],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[42,107978,1690],{"id":1689},[20,107980,15268,107981,1045],{},[15,107982,103079],{},[173,107984,107985,107988,107991,107994],{},[176,107986,107987],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[176,107989,107990],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[176,107992,107993],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[176,107995,107996,107997],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107998,103079],{},[20,108000,108001],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[173,108003,108004,108009,108012,108025],{},[176,108005,958,108006,108008],{},[15,108007,103079],{}," when order matters",[176,108010,108011],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[176,108013,37718,108014,9236,108016,3422,108021],{},[15,108015,103079],{},[264,108017,108019],{"href":108018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108020,103087],{},[264,108022,108023],{"href":103128},[15,108024,100702],{},[176,108026,108027],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108029,30665],{},[47,108031,108033],{"className":49,"code":108032,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108034,108035,108045,108059,108077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108036,108037,108039,108041,108043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108038,373],{"class":72},[56,108040,77],{"class":76},[56,108042,16201],{"class":95},[56,108044,99],{"class":76},[56,108046,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108048,373],{"class":72},[56,108050,77],{"class":76},[56,108052,2312],{"class":378},[56,108054,77],{"class":76},[56,108056,2809],{"class":95},[56,108058,1635],{"class":76},[56,108060,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108062,373],{"class":72},[56,108064,77],{"class":76},[56,108066,100873],{"class":95},[56,108068,156],{"class":76},[56,108070,106931],{"class":95},[56,108072,77],{"class":76},[56,108074,100882],{"class":95},[56,108076,1635],{"class":76},[56,108078,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,108080,373],{"class":72},[56,108082,77],{"class":76},[56,108084,1266],{"class":72},[56,108086,77],{"class":76},[56,108088,2809],{"class":95},[56,108090,1635],{"class":76},[20,108092,986],{},[47,108094,108096],{"className":49,"code":108095,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108097,108098,108122,108142,108146,108164,108168,108178,108188,108202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108099,108100,108102,108104,108106,108108,108110,108112,108114,108116,108118,108120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108101,1594],{"class":65},[56,108103,1217],{"class":827},[56,108105,11023],{"class":76},[56,108107,529],{"class":80},[56,108109,306],{"class":76},[56,108111,414],{"class":80},[56,108113,306],{"class":76},[56,108115,414],{"class":80},[56,108117,306],{"class":76},[56,108119,419],{"class":80},[56,108121,9841],{"class":76},[56,108123,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136,108138,108140],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108125,44056],{"class":65},[56,108127,1217],{"class":827},[56,108129,11023],{"class":76},[56,108131,463],{"class":80},[56,108133,306],{"class":76},[56,108135,419],{"class":80},[56,108137,306],{"class":76},[56,108139,424],{"class":80},[56,108141,9841],{"class":76},[56,108143,108144],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108145,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,108147,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,108149,2775],{"class":65},[56,108151,1217],{"class":827},[56,108153,4804],{"class":65},[56,108155,156],{"class":76},[56,108157,106931],{"class":95},[56,108159,77],{"class":76},[56,108161,31273],{"class":95},[56,108163,99],{"class":76},[56,108165,108166],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,108167,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,108169,108170,108172,108174,108176],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,108171,373],{"class":72},[56,108173,77],{"class":76},[56,108175,1618],{"class":95},[56,108177,99],{"class":76},[56,108179,108180,108182,108184,108186],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,108181,373],{"class":72},[56,108183,77],{"class":76},[56,108185,2809],{"class":95},[56,108187,99],{"class":76},[56,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,108191,373],{"class":72},[56,108193,77],{"class":76},[56,108195,2312],{"class":378},[56,108197,77],{"class":76},[56,108199,2809],{"class":95},[56,108201,1635],{"class":76},[56,108203,108204,108206,108208,108210,108212,108214],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,108205,373],{"class":72},[56,108207,77],{"class":76},[56,108209,1266],{"class":72},[56,108211,77],{"class":76},[56,108213,2809],{"class":95},[56,108215,1635],{"class":76},[20,108217,239],{},[47,108219,108221],{"className":49,"code":108220,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108222,108223,108239,108251,108265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108224,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108226,9810],{"class":76},[56,108228,529],{"class":80},[56,108230,306],{"class":76},[56,108232,414],{"class":80},[56,108234,306],{"class":76},[56,108236,419],{"class":80},[56,108238,9841],{"class":76},[56,108240,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108242,9810],{"class":76},[56,108244,463],{"class":80},[56,108246,306],{"class":76},[56,108248,419],{"class":80},[56,108250,9841],{"class":76},[56,108252,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108254,3833],{"class":827},[56,108256,3836],{"class":2610},[56,108258,3839],{"class":1016},[56,108260,6822],{"class":1020},[56,108262,3844],{"class":1016},[56,108264,3847],{"class":827},[56,108266,108267],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,108268,259],{"class":80},[20,108270,108271,108272,108274],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108273,463],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[42,108276,2343],{"id":2342},[353,108278,2347,108280,103027],{"id":108279},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108281,103079],{},[20,108283,103030],{},[353,108285,2372,108287,108289],{"id":108286},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108288,103079],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108291,108292],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[353,108294,108296],{"id":108295},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108298,108299],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[353,108301,108303],{"id":108302},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108305,108306],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[47,108308,108309],{"className":49,"code":97746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,108310,108311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108312,108313,108315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108314,6822],{"class":378},[56,108316,9174],{"class":76},[42,108318,2417],{"id":2416},[173,108320,108321,108325,108332,108338],{},[176,108322,108323],{},[264,108324,96616],{"href":96615},[176,108326,108327],{},[264,108328,13,108329,11273],{"href":108018},[15,108330,108331],{},"set.union()",[176,108333,108334],{},[264,108335,13,108336,11273],{"href":103128},[15,108337,100707],{},[176,108339,108340],{},[264,108341,100632],{"href":105631},[2451,108343,108344],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":108346},[108347,108349,108350,108351,108352,108354,108359,108360,108368],{"id":106960,"depth":87,"text":108348},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":107468,"depth":87,"text":108353},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107719,"depth":87,"text":108355,"children":108356},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108357,108358],{"id":106931,"depth":102,"text":103079},{"id":107865,"depth":102,"text":107724},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":108361},[108362,108364,108366,108367],{"id":108279,"depth":102,"text":108363},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108286,"depth":102,"text":108365},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108295,"depth":102,"text":108296},{"id":108302,"depth":102,"text":108303},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106853,"description":108369},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108376,"title":108377,"body":108378,"description":109614,"extension":2509,"meta":109615,"navigation":105,"path":109616,"seo":109617,"stem":109618,"__hash__":109619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108379,"toc":109581},[108380,108385,108391,108400,108402,108477,108482,108497,108507,108512,108516,108529,108533,108535,108550,108552,108568,108570,108645,108649,108652,108654,108671,108676,108731,108736,108748,108752,108755,108856,108858,108899,108902,108906,108913,108915,108940,108943,108961,108968,108974,108977,109059,109066,109069,109149,109158,109161,109166,109170,109184,109233,109238,109242,109253,109302,109313,109318,109322,109334,109383,109394,109396,109400,109423,109425,109482,109484,109498,109500,109506,109512,109518,109527,109531,109538,109542,109550,109552,109578],[10,108381,96488,108383,11854],{"id":108382},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108384,13296],{},[20,108386,108387,108390],{},[15,108388,108389],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108392,108393,108394,108396,108397,108399],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[37,108395,5170],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108398,13296],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[42,108401,45],{"id":44},[47,108403,108405],{"className":49,"code":108404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108406,108407,108439,108453,108457,108467],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108408,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108410,1214],{"class":65},[56,108412,1217],{"class":827},[56,108414,11023],{"class":76},[56,108416,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108418,4619],{"class":1020},[56,108420,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108422,306],{"class":76},[56,108424,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108426,4628],{"class":1020},[56,108428,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108430,306],{"class":76},[56,108432,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108434,4637],{"class":1020},[56,108436,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108438,9841],{"class":76},[56,108440,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108442,70430],{"class":65},[56,108444,1217],{"class":827},[56,108446,1287],{"class":65},[56,108448,156],{"class":76},[56,108450,26771],{"class":95},[56,108452,9174],{"class":76},[56,108454,108455],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108456,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,108458,108459,108461,108463,108465],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,108460,373],{"class":72},[56,108462,77],{"class":76},[56,108464,70453],{"class":95},[56,108466,99],{"class":76},[56,108468,108469,108471,108473,108475],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,108470,373],{"class":72},[56,108472,77],{"class":76},[56,108474,1271],{"class":95},[56,108476,99],{"class":76},[20,108478,108479],{},[37,108480,108481],{},"What this does:",[173,108483,108484,108489,108494],{},[176,108485,108486,108487],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108488,1271],{},[176,108490,108491,108492],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108493,70453],{},[176,108495,108496],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108498,108499,89450,108501,108503,108504,108506],{},[37,108500,84308],{},[15,108502,108389],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[37,108505,5170],{}," chosen by index.",[42,108508,160,108510,163],{"id":108509},"what-setpop-does",[15,108511,108389],{},[20,108513,108514,1045],{},[15,108515,108389],{},[173,108517,108518,108520,108523,108526],{},[176,108519,103330],{},[176,108521,108522],{},"Returns the removed item",[176,108524,108525],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[176,108527,108528],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108530,96612,108531,156],{},[264,108532,96616],{"href":97787},[42,108534,2702],{"id":2701},[47,108536,108538],{"className":49,"code":108537,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108539,108540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108541,108542,108544,108546,108548],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108543,16201],{"class":65},[56,108545,156],{"class":76},[56,108547,26771],{"class":95},[56,108549,9174],{"class":76},[20,108551,171],{},[173,108553,108554,108560,108565],{},[176,108555,108556,108557],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108558,108559],{},"my_set.pop()",[176,108561,108562,108563],{},"It takes ",[37,108564,29219],{},[176,108566,108567],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108569,986],{},[47,108571,108573],{"className":49,"code":108572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108574,108575,108607,108621,108625,108635],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108576,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108578,13609],{"class":65},[56,108580,1217],{"class":827},[56,108582,11023],{"class":76},[56,108584,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108586,13626],{"class":1020},[56,108588,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108590,306],{"class":76},[56,108592,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108594,13643],{"class":1020},[56,108596,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108598,306],{"class":76},[56,108600,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108602,17990],{"class":1020},[56,108604,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108606,9841],{"class":76},[56,108608,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108610,29069],{"class":65},[56,108612,1217],{"class":827},[56,108614,13657],{"class":65},[56,108616,156],{"class":76},[56,108618,26771],{"class":95},[56,108620,9174],{"class":76},[56,108622,108623],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108624,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,108626,108627,108629,108631,108633],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,108628,373],{"class":72},[56,108630,77],{"class":76},[56,108632,1399],{"class":95},[56,108634,99],{"class":76},[56,108636,108637,108639,108641,108643],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,108638,373],{"class":72},[56,108640,77],{"class":76},[56,108642,18037],{"class":95},[56,108644,99],{"class":76},[42,108646,108648],{"id":108647},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108650,108651],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108653,2653],{},[173,108655,108656,108662,108665],{},[176,108657,108658,108659,108661],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108660,13296],{}," removes",[176,108663,108664],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[176,108666,108667,108668,108670],{},"You should not use ",[15,108669,13296],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108672,10993,108673,108675],{},[37,108674,5170],{}," valid:",[47,108677,108679],{"className":49,"code":108678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108680,108681,108713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108682,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703,108705,108707,108709,108711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108684,36756],{"class":65},[56,108686,1217],{"class":827},[56,108688,11023],{"class":76},[56,108690,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108692,4619],{"class":1020},[56,108694,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108696,306],{"class":76},[56,108698,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108700,4628],{"class":1020},[56,108702,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108704,306],{"class":76},[56,108706,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108708,4637],{"class":1020},[56,108710,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108712,9841],{"class":76},[56,108714,108715,108717,108719,108721,108723,108725,108727,108729],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108716,36808],{"class":65},[56,108718,156],{"class":76},[56,108720,26771],{"class":95},[56,108722,77],{"class":76},[56,108724,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108726,4619],{"class":1020},[56,108728,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108730,99],{"class":76},[20,108732,40164,108733,108735],{},[15,108734,108389],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108737,108738,108739,3422,108743,156],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[264,108740,108741],{"href":98497},[15,108742,103156],{},[264,108744,108746],{"href":108745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108747,103147],{},[42,108749,108751],{"id":108750},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108753,108754],{},"Here is a simple example:",[47,108756,108758],{"className":49,"code":108757,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108759,108760,108794,108798,108814,108818,108837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108761,108762,108765,108767,108769,108771,108773,108775,108777,108779,108781,108783,108785,108787,108790,108792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108763,108764],{"class":65},"animals ",[56,108766,1217],{"class":827},[56,108768,11023],{"class":76},[56,108770,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108772,37561],{"class":1020},[56,108774,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108776,306],{"class":76},[56,108778,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108780,58627],{"class":1020},[56,108782,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108784,306],{"class":76},[56,108786,1231],{"class":1016},[56,108788,108789],{"class":1020},"rabbit",[56,108791,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108793,9841],{"class":76},[56,108795,108796],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108797,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,108799,108800,108803,108805,108808,108810,108812],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108801,108802],{"class":65},"removed_animal ",[56,108804,1217],{"class":827},[56,108806,108807],{"class":65}," animals",[56,108809,156],{"class":76},[56,108811,26771],{"class":95},[56,108813,9174],{"class":76},[56,108815,108816],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,108817,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,108819,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108835],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,108821,373],{"class":72},[56,108823,77],{"class":76},[56,108825,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108827,29487],{"class":1020},[56,108829,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108831,306],{"class":76},[56,108833,108834],{"class":95}," removed_animal",[56,108836,99],{"class":76},[56,108838,108839,108841,108843,108845,108848,108850,108852,108854],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,108840,373],{"class":72},[56,108842,77],{"class":76},[56,108844,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108846,108847],{"class":1020},"Updated set:",[56,108849,1017],{"class":1016},[56,108851,306],{"class":76},[56,108853,108807],{"class":95},[56,108855,99],{"class":76},[20,108857,30559],{},[47,108859,108861],{"className":49,"code":108860,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108862,108863,108872],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108864,108865,108867,108869],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108866,29529],{"class":65},[56,108868,1045],{"class":76},[56,108870,108871],{"class":65}," dog\n",[56,108873,108874,108877,108879,108881,108883,108885,108887,108889,108891,108893,108895,108897],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108875,108876],{"class":65},"Updated ",[56,108878,6822],{"class":378},[56,108880,1045],{"class":76},[56,108882,11023],{"class":76},[56,108884,3844],{"class":1016},[56,108886,37561],{"class":1020},[56,108888,3844],{"class":1016},[56,108890,306],{"class":76},[56,108892,3839],{"class":1016},[56,108894,108789],{"class":1020},[56,108896,3844],{"class":1016},[56,108898,9841],{"class":76},[20,108900,108901],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[42,108903,108905],{"id":108904},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108907,30179,108908,108910,108911,156],{},[15,108909,13296],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108912,20222],{},[20,108914,986],{},[47,108916,108918],{"className":49,"code":108917,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108919,108920,108930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108923,1214],{"class":65},[56,108925,1217],{"class":827},[56,108927,16168],{"class":378},[56,108929,9174],{"class":76},[56,108931,108932,108934,108936,108938],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108933,1271],{"class":65},[56,108935,156],{"class":76},[56,108937,26771],{"class":95},[56,108939,9174],{"class":76},[20,108941,108942],{},"This raises:",[47,108944,108946],{"className":49,"code":108945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108947,108948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108949,108950,108952,108954,108956,108959],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108951,20222],{"class":378},[56,108953,1045],{"class":76},[56,108955,3839],{"class":1016},[56,108957,108958],{"class":1020},"pop from an empty set",[56,108960,30229],{"class":1016},[20,108962,108963,108964,108967],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[264,108965,108966],{"href":11606},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[353,108969,108971,108972],{"id":108970},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108973,13296],{},[20,108975,108976],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[47,108978,108980],{"className":49,"code":108979,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108981,108982,108992,108996,109004,109019,109038,109044],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108983,108984,108986,108988,108990],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108985,1214],{"class":65},[56,108987,1217],{"class":827},[56,108989,16168],{"class":378},[56,108991,9174],{"class":76},[56,108993,108994],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,108995,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,108997,108998,109000,109002],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108999,7529],{"class":62},[56,109001,1287],{"class":65},[56,109003,1390],{"class":76},[56,109005,109006,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,109007,109008],{"class":65},"    removed ",[56,109010,1217],{"class":827},[56,109012,1287],{"class":65},[56,109014,156],{"class":76},[56,109016,26771],{"class":95},[56,109018,9174],{"class":76},[56,109020,109021,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033,109036],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,109022,90],{"class":72},[56,109024,77],{"class":76},[56,109026,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109028,29487],{"class":1020},[56,109030,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109032,306],{"class":76},[56,109034,109035],{"class":95}," removed",[56,109037,99],{"class":76},[56,109039,109040,109042],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,109041,27964],{"class":62},[56,109043,1390],{"class":76},[56,109045,109046,109048,109050,109052,109055,109057],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,109047,90],{"class":72},[56,109049,77],{"class":76},[56,109051,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109053,109054],{"class":1020},"The set is empty.",[56,109056,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109058,99],{"class":76},[353,109060,2638,109062,4935,109064],{"id":109061},"use-try-and-except",[15,109063,30333],{},[15,109065,30364],{},[20,109067,109068],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[47,109070,109072],{"className":49,"code":109071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109073,109074,109084,109088,109094,109108,109126,109134],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109075,109076,109078,109080,109082],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109077,1214],{"class":65},[56,109079,1217],{"class":827},[56,109081,16168],{"class":378},[56,109083,9174],{"class":76},[56,109085,109086],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109087,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,109089,109090,109092],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109091,30333],{"class":62},[56,109093,1390],{"class":76},[56,109095,109096,109098,109100,109102,109104,109106],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,109097,109008],{"class":65},[56,109099,1217],{"class":827},[56,109101,1287],{"class":65},[56,109103,156],{"class":76},[56,109105,26771],{"class":95},[56,109107,9174],{"class":76},[56,109109,109110,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,109111,90],{"class":72},[56,109113,77],{"class":76},[56,109115,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109117,29487],{"class":1020},[56,109119,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109121,306],{"class":76},[56,109123,109035],{"class":95},[56,109125,99],{"class":76},[56,109127,109128,109130,109132],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,109129,30364],{"class":62},[56,109131,30367],{"class":378},[56,109133,1390],{"class":76},[56,109135,109136,109138,109140,109142,109145,109147],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,109137,90],{"class":72},[56,109139,77],{"class":76},[56,109141,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109143,109144],{"class":1020},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[56,109146,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109148,99],{"class":76},[42,109150,5500,109152,1682,109154,1682,109156],{"id":109151},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109153,13296],{},[15,109155,56028],{},[15,109157,103142],{},[20,109159,109160],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[353,109162,2638,109164],{"id":109163},"use-pop",[15,109165,13296],{},[20,109167,2638,109168,11133],{},[15,109169,13296],{},[173,109171,109172,109178,109181],{},[176,109173,109174,109175],{},"You want to remove ",[37,109176,109177],{},"any one item",[176,109179,109180],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[176,109182,109183],{},"You want the removed item returned",[47,109185,109187],{"className":49,"code":109186,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109188,109189,109209,109223],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109190,109191,109193,109195,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205,109207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109192,1594],{"class":65},[56,109194,1217],{"class":827},[56,109196,11023],{"class":76},[56,109198,529],{"class":80},[56,109200,306],{"class":76},[56,109202,414],{"class":80},[56,109204,306],{"class":76},[56,109206,419],{"class":80},[56,109208,9841],{"class":76},[56,109210,109211,109213,109215,109217,109219,109221],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109212,2992],{"class":65},[56,109214,1217],{"class":827},[56,109216,4804],{"class":65},[56,109218,156],{"class":76},[56,109220,26771],{"class":95},[56,109222,9174],{"class":76},[56,109224,109225,109227,109229,109231],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109226,373],{"class":72},[56,109228,77],{"class":76},[56,109230,3017],{"class":95},[56,109232,99],{"class":76},[353,109234,2638,109236],{"id":109235},"use-remove",[15,109237,56028],{},[20,109239,2638,109240,11133],{},[15,109241,56028],{},[173,109243,109244,109250],{},[176,109245,109246,109247],{},"You want to delete a ",[37,109248,109249],{},"specific item",[176,109251,109252],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[47,109254,109256],{"className":49,"code":109255,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109257,109258,109278,109292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109259,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109261,1594],{"class":65},[56,109263,1217],{"class":827},[56,109265,11023],{"class":76},[56,109267,529],{"class":80},[56,109269,306],{"class":76},[56,109271,414],{"class":80},[56,109273,306],{"class":76},[56,109275,419],{"class":80},[56,109277,9841],{"class":76},[56,109279,109280,109282,109284,109286,109288,109290],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109281,1618],{"class":65},[56,109283,156],{"class":76},[56,109285,35324],{"class":95},[56,109287,77],{"class":76},[56,109289,463],{"class":80},[56,109291,99],{"class":76},[56,109293,109294,109296,109298,109300],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109295,373],{"class":72},[56,109297,77],{"class":76},[56,109299,1618],{"class":95},[56,109301,99],{"class":76},[20,109303,109304,109305,109307,109308,109312],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109306,56028],{}," raises an error. See the ",[264,109309,109310,11273],{"href":98497},[15,109311,103156],{}," for details.",[353,109314,2638,109316],{"id":109315},"use-discard",[15,109317,103142],{},[20,109319,2638,109320,11133],{},[15,109321,103142],{},[173,109323,109324,109328],{},[176,109325,109246,109326],{},[37,109327,109249],{},[176,109329,109330,109331,109333],{},"You do ",[37,109332,5170],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[47,109335,109337],{"className":49,"code":109336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109338,109339,109359,109373],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109340,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109342,1594],{"class":65},[56,109344,1217],{"class":827},[56,109346,11023],{"class":76},[56,109348,529],{"class":80},[56,109350,306],{"class":76},[56,109352,414],{"class":80},[56,109354,306],{"class":76},[56,109356,419],{"class":80},[56,109358,9841],{"class":76},[56,109360,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109362,1618],{"class":65},[56,109364,156],{"class":76},[56,109366,103209],{"class":95},[56,109368,77],{"class":76},[56,109370,81],{"class":80},[56,109372,99],{"class":76},[56,109374,109375,109377,109379,109381],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109376,373],{"class":72},[56,109378,77],{"class":76},[56,109380,1618],{"class":95},[56,109382,99],{"class":76},[20,109384,109385,109386,109388,109389,109393],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109387,81],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[264,109390,109391,11273],{"href":108745},[15,109392,103147],{}," for more examples.",[42,109395,3374],{"id":3373},[20,109397,71976,109398,1045],{},[15,109399,108389],{},[173,109401,109402,109408,109413,109418],{},[176,109403,109404,109405],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109406,109407],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[176,109409,8983,109410,109412],{},[15,109411,13296],{}," to remove the first or last item",[176,109414,30179,109415,109417],{},[15,109416,13296],{}," on an empty set",[176,109419,958,109420,109422],{},[15,109421,13296],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109424,62793],{},[47,109426,109428],{"className":49,"code":109427,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109429,109430,109440,109454,109468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109431,109432,109434,109436,109438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109433,373],{"class":72},[56,109435,77],{"class":76},[56,109437,16201],{"class":95},[56,109439,99],{"class":76},[56,109441,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109443,373],{"class":72},[56,109445,77],{"class":76},[56,109447,1266],{"class":72},[56,109449,77],{"class":76},[56,109451,16201],{"class":95},[56,109453,1635],{"class":76},[56,109455,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109457,373],{"class":72},[56,109459,77],{"class":76},[56,109461,2312],{"class":378},[56,109463,77],{"class":76},[56,109465,16201],{"class":95},[56,109467,1635],{"class":76},[56,109469,109470,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,109471,29069],{"class":65},[56,109473,1217],{"class":827},[56,109475,97212],{"class":65},[56,109477,156],{"class":76},[56,109479,26771],{"class":95},[56,109481,9174],{"class":76},[20,109483,2325],{},[173,109485,109486,109489,109492,109495],{},[176,109487,109488],{},"What values are in the set",[176,109490,109491],{},"Whether the set is empty",[176,109493,109494],{},"That the object is really a set",[176,109496,109497],{},"What value was actually removed",[42,109499,2343],{"id":2342},[353,109501,2347,109503,109505],{"id":109502},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109504,108389],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109507,109508,109509,109511],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109510,13296],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[353,109513,109515,109516,2363],{"id":109514},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109517,108389],{},[20,109519,109520,109521,109523,109524,109526],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109522,13296],{},", set ",[15,109525,13296],{}," does not accept an index.",[353,109528,109530],{"id":109529},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109532,72145,109533,45137,109535,109537],{},[15,109534,20222],{},[15,109536,13296],{}," is called on an empty set.",[353,109539,109541],{"id":109540},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109543,2638,109544,3422,109546,11624,109548,156],{},[15,109545,56028],{},[15,109547,103142],{},[15,109549,13296],{},[42,109551,2417],{"id":2416},[173,109553,109554,109558,109564,109570,109574],{},[176,109555,109556],{},[264,109557,96616],{"href":97787},[176,109559,109560],{},[264,109561,97102,109562,11273],{"href":98497},[15,109563,56028],{},[176,109565,109566],{},[264,109567,97102,109568,11273],{"href":108745},[15,109569,103142],{},[176,109571,109572],{},[264,109573,11794],{"href":11606},[176,109575,109576],{},[264,109577,56014],{"href":55566},[2451,109579,109580],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":109582},[109583,109584,109586,109587,109588,109589,109595,109604,109605,109613],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":108509,"depth":87,"text":109585},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":108647,"depth":87,"text":108648},{"id":108750,"depth":87,"text":108751},{"id":108904,"depth":87,"text":108905,"children":109590},[109591,109593],{"id":108970,"depth":102,"text":109592},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109061,"depth":102,"text":109594},"Use try and except",{"id":109151,"depth":87,"text":109596,"children":109597},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109598,109600,109602],{"id":109163,"depth":102,"text":109599},"Use pop()",{"id":109235,"depth":102,"text":109601},"Use remove()",{"id":109315,"depth":102,"text":109603},"Use discard()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":109606},[109607,109609,109611,109612],{"id":109502,"depth":102,"text":109608},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109514,"depth":102,"text":109610},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109529,"depth":102,"text":109530},{"id":109540,"depth":102,"text":109541},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108377,"description":109614},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109621,"title":109622,"body":109623,"description":110777,"extension":2509,"meta":110778,"navigation":105,"path":110779,"seo":110780,"stem":110781,"__hash__":110782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109624,"toc":110745},[109625,109630,109635,109644,109646,109711,109715,109739,109746,109751,109755,109770,109773,109775,109794,109808,109811,109859,109863,109879,109881,109954,109958,109983,109989,109997,110001,110008,110063,110068,110085,110091,110097,110102,110110,110117,110121,110129,110184,110186,110203,110207,110214,110279,110283,110316,110318,110330,110337,110339,110344,110351,110353,110422,110426,110434,110436,110500,110504,110509,110556,110561,110629,110637,110644,110647,110653,110658,110662,110664,110667,110669,110674,110679,110685,110690,110697,110705,110711,110714,110716,110742],[10,109626,96488,109628,11854],{"id":109627},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109629,56028],{},[20,109631,109632,109634],{},[15,109633,103156],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109636,109637,109638,109641,109642,156],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[37,109639,109640],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109643,20222],{},[42,109645,45],{"id":44},[47,109647,109649],{"className":49,"code":109648,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109650,109651,109683,109701],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109652,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109654,13609],{"class":65},[56,109656,1217],{"class":827},[56,109658,11023],{"class":76},[56,109660,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109662,13626],{"class":1020},[56,109664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109666,306],{"class":76},[56,109668,1231],{"class":1016},[56,109670,13643],{"class":1020},[56,109672,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109674,306],{"class":76},[56,109676,1231],{"class":1016},[56,109678,17990],{"class":1020},[56,109680,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109682,9841],{"class":76},[56,109684,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109686,18037],{"class":65},[56,109688,156],{"class":76},[56,109690,35324],{"class":95},[56,109692,77],{"class":76},[56,109694,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109696,13643],{"class":1020},[56,109698,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109700,99],{"class":76},[56,109702,109703,109705,109707,109709],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109704,373],{"class":72},[56,109706,77],{"class":76},[56,109708,18037],{"class":95},[56,109710,99],{"class":76},[20,109712,109713],{},[37,109714,30559],{},[47,109716,109717],{"className":49,"code":103836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,109718,109719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109720,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109722,9810],{"class":76},[56,109724,3844],{"class":1016},[56,109726,13626],{"class":1020},[56,109728,3844],{"class":1016},[56,109730,306],{"class":76},[56,109732,3839],{"class":1016},[56,109734,17990],{"class":1020},[56,109736,3844],{"class":1016},[56,109738,9841],{"class":76},[20,109740,2638,109741,109743,109744,156],{},[15,109742,56028],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109745,20222],{},[42,109747,160,109749,163],{"id":109748},"what-setremove-does",[15,109750,103156],{},[20,109752,109753,1045],{},[15,109754,103156],{},[173,109756,109757,109760,109762,109764],{},[176,109758,109759],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[176,109761,96603],{},[176,109763,96606],{},[176,109765,109766,109767,109769],{},"Raises ",[15,109768,20222],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109771,109772],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[42,109774,2702],{"id":2701},[47,109776,109778],{"className":49,"code":109777,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109779,109780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109781,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109783,16201],{"class":65},[56,109785,156],{"class":76},[56,109787,35324],{"class":95},[56,109789,77],{"class":76},[56,109791,3017],{"class":95},[56,109793,99],{"class":76},[173,109795,109796,109800,109805],{},[176,109797,109798,103378],{},[15,109799,16201],{},[176,109801,109802,109804],{},[15,109803,3017],{}," is the item to remove",[176,109806,109807],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109809,109810],{},"Here is a small example:",[47,109812,109813],{"className":49,"code":109255,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,109814,109815,109835,109849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109816,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109818,1594],{"class":65},[56,109820,1217],{"class":827},[56,109822,11023],{"class":76},[56,109824,529],{"class":80},[56,109826,306],{"class":76},[56,109828,414],{"class":80},[56,109830,306],{"class":76},[56,109832,419],{"class":80},[56,109834,9841],{"class":76},[56,109836,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109838,1618],{"class":65},[56,109840,156],{"class":76},[56,109842,35324],{"class":95},[56,109844,77],{"class":76},[56,109846,463],{"class":80},[56,109848,99],{"class":76},[56,109850,109851,109853,109855,109857],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109852,373],{"class":72},[56,109854,77],{"class":76},[56,109856,1618],{"class":95},[56,109858,99],{"class":76},[20,109860,109861],{},[37,109862,30559],{},[47,109864,109865],{"className":49,"code":101586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,109866,109867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109868,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109870,9810],{"class":76},[56,109872,529],{"class":80},[56,109874,306],{"class":76},[56,109876,419],{"class":80},[56,109878,9841],{"class":76},[42,109880,12008],{"id":12007},[47,109882,109884],{"className":49,"code":109883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109885,109886,109918,109922,109940,109944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109887,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912,109914,109916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109889,36756],{"class":65},[56,109891,1217],{"class":827},[56,109893,11023],{"class":76},[56,109895,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109897,4619],{"class":1020},[56,109899,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109901,306],{"class":76},[56,109903,1231],{"class":1016},[56,109905,4628],{"class":1020},[56,109907,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109909,306],{"class":76},[56,109911,1231],{"class":1016},[56,109913,33751],{"class":1020},[56,109915,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109917,9841],{"class":76},[56,109919,109920],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,109921,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,109923,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109925,36808],{"class":65},[56,109927,156],{"class":76},[56,109929,35324],{"class":95},[56,109931,77],{"class":76},[56,109933,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109935,4628],{"class":1020},[56,109937,1017],{"class":1016},[56,109939,99],{"class":76},[56,109941,109942],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,109943,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,109945,109946,109948,109950,109952],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,109947,373],{"class":72},[56,109949,77],{"class":76},[56,109951,36808],{"class":95},[56,109953,99],{"class":76},[20,109955,109956],{},[37,109957,30559],{},[47,109959,109961],{"className":49,"code":109960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109962,109963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109964,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979,109981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109966,9810],{"class":76},[56,109968,3844],{"class":1016},[56,109970,4619],{"class":1020},[56,109972,3844],{"class":1016},[56,109974,306],{"class":76},[56,109976,3839],{"class":1016},[56,109978,33751],{"class":1020},[56,109980,3844],{"class":1016},[56,109982,9841],{"class":76},[20,109984,109985,109986,109988],{},"This removes ",[15,109987,65772],{}," from the set.",[20,109990,109991,109992,109994,109995,156],{},"A set does ",[37,109993,5170],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[264,109996,96620],{"href":98171},[42,109998,110000],{"id":109999},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110002,110003,110004,52996,110006,156],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110005,56028],{},[15,110007,20222],{},[47,110009,110011],{"className":49,"code":110010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110012,110013,110045],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110014,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110016,13609],{"class":65},[56,110018,1217],{"class":827},[56,110020,11023],{"class":76},[56,110022,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110024,13626],{"class":1020},[56,110026,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110028,306],{"class":76},[56,110030,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110032,13643],{"class":1020},[56,110034,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110036,306],{"class":76},[56,110038,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110040,17990],{"class":1020},[56,110042,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110044,9841],{"class":76},[56,110046,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110048,18037],{"class":65},[56,110050,156],{"class":76},[56,110052,35324],{"class":95},[56,110054,77],{"class":76},[56,110056,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110058,23060],{"class":1020},[56,110060,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110062,99],{"class":76},[20,110064,110065],{},[37,110066,110067],{},"Result:",[47,110069,110071],{"className":49,"code":110070,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110072,110073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110074,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110076,20222],{"class":378},[56,110078,1045],{"class":76},[56,110080,3839],{"class":1016},[56,110082,23060],{"class":1020},[56,110084,30229],{"class":1016},[20,110086,22725,110087,110090],{},[15,110088,110089],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110092,110093,110094,110096],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110095,56028],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110098,110099,110100,156],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[264,110101,11794],{"href":11606},[42,110103,4739,110105,110107,110108],{"id":110104},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110106,56028],{}," is different from ",[15,110109,103142],{},[20,110111,110112,4935,110114,110116],{},[15,110113,56028],{},[15,110115,103142],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[353,110118,110119],{"id":35324},[15,110120,56028],{},[173,110122,110123,110126],{},[176,110124,110125],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[176,110127,110128],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[47,110130,110132],{"className":49,"code":110131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110133,110134,110166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110135,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110137,36614],{"class":65},[56,110139,1217],{"class":827},[56,110141,11023],{"class":76},[56,110143,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110145,264],{"class":1020},[56,110147,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110149,306],{"class":76},[56,110151,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110153,1234],{"class":1020},[56,110155,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110157,306],{"class":76},[56,110159,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110161,1243],{"class":1020},[56,110163,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110165,9841],{"class":76},[56,110167,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110169,36666],{"class":65},[56,110171,156],{"class":76},[56,110173,35324],{"class":95},[56,110175,77],{"class":76},[56,110177,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110179,19303],{"class":1020},[56,110181,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110183,99],{"class":76},[20,110185,108942],{},[47,110187,110189],{"className":49,"code":110188,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110190,110191],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110192,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110194,20222],{"class":378},[56,110196,1045],{"class":76},[56,110198,3839],{"class":1016},[56,110200,19303],{"class":1020},[56,110202,30229],{"class":1016},[353,110204,110205],{"id":103209},[15,110206,103142],{},[173,110208,110209,110211],{},[176,110210,110125],{},[176,110212,110213],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[47,110215,110217],{"className":49,"code":110216,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110218,110219,110251,110269],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110220,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110222,36614],{"class":65},[56,110224,1217],{"class":827},[56,110226,11023],{"class":76},[56,110228,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110230,264],{"class":1020},[56,110232,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110234,306],{"class":76},[56,110236,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110238,1234],{"class":1020},[56,110240,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110242,306],{"class":76},[56,110244,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110246,1243],{"class":1020},[56,110248,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110250,9841],{"class":76},[56,110252,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110254,36666],{"class":65},[56,110256,156],{"class":76},[56,110258,103209],{"class":95},[56,110260,77],{"class":76},[56,110262,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110264,19303],{"class":1020},[56,110266,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110268,99],{"class":76},[56,110270,110271,110273,110275,110277],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110272,373],{"class":72},[56,110274,77],{"class":76},[56,110276,36666],{"class":95},[56,110278,99],{"class":76},[20,110280,110281],{},[37,110282,239],{},[47,110284,110286],{"className":49,"code":110285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110287,110288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110291,9810],{"class":76},[56,110293,3844],{"class":1016},[56,110295,264],{"class":1020},[56,110297,3844],{"class":1016},[56,110299,306],{"class":76},[56,110301,3839],{"class":1016},[56,110303,1234],{"class":1020},[56,110305,3844],{"class":1016},[56,110307,306],{"class":76},[56,110309,3839],{"class":1016},[56,110311,1243],{"class":1020},[56,110313,3844],{"class":1016},[56,110315,9841],{"class":76},[20,110317,19230],{},[173,110319,110320,110325],{},[176,110321,110322,110324],{},[15,110323,56028],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[176,110326,110327,110329],{},[15,110328,103142],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110331,110332,110333,156],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[264,110334,97102,110335,11273],{"href":108745},[15,110336,103142],{},[42,110338,1690],{"id":1689},[353,110340,8983,110342,97482],{"id":110341},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110343,56028],{},[20,110345,110346,110348,110349,156],{},[15,110347,56028],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110350,4319],{},[20,110352,17179],{},[47,110354,110356],{"className":49,"code":110355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110357,110358,110390,110412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110359,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110361,13609],{"class":65},[56,110363,1217],{"class":827},[56,110365,11023],{"class":76},[56,110367,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110369,13626],{"class":1020},[56,110371,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110373,306],{"class":76},[56,110375,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110377,13643],{"class":1020},[56,110379,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110381,306],{"class":76},[56,110383,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110385,17990],{"class":1020},[56,110387,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110389,9841],{"class":76},[56,110391,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110393,13652],{"class":65},[56,110395,1217],{"class":827},[56,110397,13657],{"class":65},[56,110399,156],{"class":76},[56,110401,35324],{"class":95},[56,110403,77],{"class":76},[56,110405,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110407,13643],{"class":1020},[56,110409,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110411,99],{"class":76},[56,110413,110414,110416,110418,110420],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110415,373],{"class":72},[56,110417,77],{"class":76},[56,110419,13676],{"class":95},[56,110421,99],{"class":76},[20,110423,110424],{},[37,110425,239],{},[47,110427,110428],{"className":49,"code":12342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,110429,110430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110431,110432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110433,12342],{"class":4393},[20,110435,17191],{},[47,110437,110438],{"className":49,"code":109648,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,110439,110440,110472,110490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110441,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110443,13609],{"class":65},[56,110445,1217],{"class":827},[56,110447,11023],{"class":76},[56,110449,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110451,13626],{"class":1020},[56,110453,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110455,306],{"class":76},[56,110457,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110459,13643],{"class":1020},[56,110461,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110463,306],{"class":76},[56,110465,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110467,17990],{"class":1020},[56,110469,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110471,9841],{"class":76},[56,110473,110474,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110475,18037],{"class":65},[56,110477,156],{"class":76},[56,110479,35324],{"class":95},[56,110481,77],{"class":76},[56,110483,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110485,13643],{"class":1020},[56,110487,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110489,99],{"class":76},[56,110491,110492,110494,110496,110498],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110493,373],{"class":72},[56,110495,77],{"class":76},[56,110497,18037],{"class":95},[56,110499,99],{"class":76},[353,110501,110503],{"id":110502},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110505,110506,110507,156],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110508,20222],{},[47,110510,110512],{"className":49,"code":110511,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110513,110514,110538],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110515,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110517,13609],{"class":65},[56,110519,1217],{"class":827},[56,110521,11023],{"class":76},[56,110523,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110525,13626],{"class":1020},[56,110527,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110529,306],{"class":76},[56,110531,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110533,13643],{"class":1020},[56,110535,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110537,9841],{"class":76},[56,110539,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110541,18037],{"class":65},[56,110543,156],{"class":76},[56,110545,35324],{"class":95},[56,110547,77],{"class":76},[56,110549,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110551,17990],{"class":1020},[56,110553,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110555,99],{"class":76},[20,110557,110558,110559,1045],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110560,69],{},[47,110562,110564],{"className":49,"code":110563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110565,110566,110590,110594,110610],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110567,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110569,13609],{"class":65},[56,110571,1217],{"class":827},[56,110573,11023],{"class":76},[56,110575,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110577,13626],{"class":1020},[56,110579,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110581,306],{"class":76},[56,110583,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110585,13643],{"class":1020},[56,110587,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110589,9841],{"class":76},[56,110591,110592],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110593,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,110595,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110597,7529],{"class":62},[56,110599,1231],{"class":1016},[56,110601,17990],{"class":1020},[56,110603,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110605,21709],{"class":827},[56,110607,13657],{"class":65},[56,110609,1390],{"class":76},[56,110611,110612,110615,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,110613,110614],{"class":65},"    colors",[56,110616,156],{"class":76},[56,110618,35324],{"class":95},[56,110620,77],{"class":76},[56,110622,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110624,17990],{"class":1020},[56,110626,1017],{"class":1016},[56,110628,99],{"class":76},[20,110630,110631,110632,110636],{},"Or use ",[264,110633,110634],{"href":108745},[15,110635,103142],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[353,110638,37718,110640,9236,110642],{"id":110639},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110641,103156],{},[15,110643,55574],{},[20,110645,110646],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110648,110649,110650,110652],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110651,103156],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110654,110655,110656,156],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[264,110657,99366],{"href":99365},[353,110659,110661],{"id":110660},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110663,108651],{},[20,110665,110666],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[42,110668,2343],{"id":2342},[353,110670,2347,110672,97581],{"id":110671},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110673,103156],{},[20,110675,110676,110677,156],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110678,4319],{},[353,110680,30817,110682,110684],{"id":110681},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110683,103156],{}," raise?",[20,110686,30823,110687,110689],{},[15,110688,20222],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[353,110691,21956,110693,3422,110695,2363],{"id":110692},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110694,56028],{},[15,110696,103142],{},[20,110698,2638,110699,110701,110702,110704],{},[15,110700,56028],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110703,103142],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[353,110706,2372,110708,110710],{"id":110707},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110709,103156],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110712,110713],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[42,110715,2417],{"id":2416},[173,110717,110718,110724,110730,110734,110738],{},[176,110719,110720],{},[264,110721,97102,110722,11273],{"href":108745},[15,110723,103142],{},[176,110725,110726],{},[264,110727,97102,110728,11273],{"href":98502},[15,110729,13296],{},[176,110731,110732],{},[264,110733,97626],{"href":98171},[176,110735,110736],{},[264,110737,100632],{"href":99365},[176,110739,110740],{},[264,110741,11794],{"href":11606},[2451,110743,110744],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":110746},[110747,110748,110750,110751,110752,110753,110758,110766,110776],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":109748,"depth":87,"text":110749},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":109999,"depth":87,"text":110000},{"id":110104,"depth":87,"text":110754,"children":110755},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110756,110757],{"id":35324,"depth":102,"text":56028},{"id":103209,"depth":102,"text":103142},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":110759},[110760,110762,110763,110765],{"id":110341,"depth":102,"text":110761},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110502,"depth":102,"text":110503},{"id":110639,"depth":102,"text":110764},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110660,"depth":102,"text":110661},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":110767},[110768,110770,110772,110774],{"id":110671,"depth":102,"text":110769},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110681,"depth":102,"text":110771},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110692,"depth":102,"text":110773},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110707,"depth":102,"text":110775},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109622,"description":110777},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110784,"title":110785,"body":110786,"description":112159,"extension":2509,"meta":112160,"navigation":105,"path":112161,"seo":112162,"stem":112163,"__hash__":112164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110787,"toc":112134},[110788,110794,110800,110803,110806,110820,110822,110903,110906,110911,110915,110929,110936,110938,110957,110960,110978,110980,111060,111062,111087,111091,111094,111102,111107,111112,111114,111127,111132,111135,111159,111162,111170,111172,111175,111272,111274,111307,111309,111335,111342,111345,111349,111357,111361,111369,111371,111461,111463,111477,111484,111489,111494,111496,111587,111589,111601,111603,111617,111623,111631,111633,111715,111717,111762,111765,111773,111776,111778,111782,111825,111827,111847,111852,111854,111939,111941,111946,111948,111955,111963,111969,111972,111974,112060,112062,112086,112090,112093,112095,112122,112132],[10,110789,96488,110791,11854],{"id":110790},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110792,110793],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110795,110796,110799],{},[15,110797,110798],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110801,110802],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110804,110805],{},"Use it when:",[173,110807,110808,110811,110817],{},[176,110809,110810],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[176,110812,110813,110814,110816],{},"you do ",[37,110815,5170],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[176,110818,110819],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[42,110821,4151],{"id":4150},[47,110823,110825],{"className":49,"code":110824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110826,110827,110847,110867,110871,110890],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110828,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837,110839,110841,110843,110845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110830,3098],{"class":65},[56,110832,1217],{"class":827},[56,110834,11023],{"class":76},[56,110836,529],{"class":80},[56,110838,306],{"class":76},[56,110840,414],{"class":80},[56,110842,306],{"class":76},[56,110844,419],{"class":80},[56,110846,9841],{"class":76},[56,110848,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,110850,3125],{"class":65},[56,110852,1217],{"class":827},[56,110854,11023],{"class":76},[56,110856,223],{"class":80},[56,110858,306],{"class":76},[56,110860,424],{"class":80},[56,110862,306],{"class":76},[56,110864,496],{"class":80},[56,110866,9841],{"class":76},[56,110868,110869],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110870,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110884,110886,110888],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,110874,2775],{"class":65},[56,110876,1217],{"class":827},[56,110878,57387],{"class":65},[56,110880,156],{"class":76},[56,110882,110883],{"class":95},"symmetric_difference",[56,110885,77],{"class":76},[56,110887,1234],{"class":95},[56,110889,99],{"class":76},[56,110891,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,110893,373],{"class":72},[56,110895,77],{"class":76},[56,110897,2809],{"class":95},[56,110899,4202],{"class":76},[56,110901,110902],{"class":112},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110904,110905],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[42,110907,160,110909,163],{"id":110908},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110910,110793],{},[20,110912,110913,1045],{},[15,110914,110798],{},[173,110916,110917,110920,110923,110926],{},[176,110918,110919],{},"returns a new set",[176,110921,110922],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[176,110924,110925],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[176,110927,110928],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110930,96612,110931,3422,110933,156],{},[264,110932,96616],{"href":96615},[264,110934,110935],{"href":96619},"creating a set in Python",[42,110937,2702],{"id":2701},[47,110939,110941],{"className":49,"code":110940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110942,110943],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110944,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110946,100873],{"class":65},[56,110948,156],{"class":76},[56,110950,110883],{"class":95},[56,110952,77],{"class":76},[56,110954,100882],{"class":95},[56,110956,99],{"class":76},[20,110958,110959],{},"Notes:",[173,110961,110962,110967,110972,110975],{},[176,110963,110964,110966],{},[15,110965,100873],{}," must be a set",[176,110968,110969,110971],{},[15,110970,100882],{}," can be any iterable",[176,110973,110974],{},"the result is always a set",[176,110976,110977],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110979,986],{},[47,110981,110983],{"className":49,"code":110982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110984,110985,111006,111027,111031,111050],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110986,110987,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110988,110989],{"class":65},"set1 ",[56,110991,1217],{"class":827},[56,110993,11023],{"class":76},[56,110995,529],{"class":80},[56,110997,306],{"class":76},[56,110999,414],{"class":80},[56,111001,306],{"class":76},[56,111003,419],{"class":80},[56,111005,9841],{"class":76},[56,111007,111008,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,111009,111010],{"class":65},"set2 ",[56,111012,1217],{"class":827},[56,111014,11023],{"class":76},[56,111016,223],{"class":80},[56,111018,306],{"class":76},[56,111020,424],{"class":80},[56,111022,306],{"class":76},[56,111024,496],{"class":80},[56,111026,9841],{"class":76},[56,111028,111029],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111030,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,111032,111033,111035,111037,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,111034,2775],{"class":65},[56,111036,1217],{"class":827},[56,111038,111039],{"class":65}," set1",[56,111041,156],{"class":76},[56,111043,110883],{"class":95},[56,111045,77],{"class":76},[56,111047,100882],{"class":95},[56,111049,99],{"class":76},[56,111051,111052,111054,111056,111058],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,111053,373],{"class":72},[56,111055,77],{"class":76},[56,111057,2809],{"class":95},[56,111059,99],{"class":76},[20,111061,239],{},[47,111063,111065],{"className":49,"code":111064,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111066,111067],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111068,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111070,9810],{"class":76},[56,111072,529],{"class":80},[56,111074,306],{"class":76},[56,111076,414],{"class":80},[56,111078,306],{"class":76},[56,111080,424],{"class":80},[56,111082,306],{"class":76},[56,111084,496],{"class":80},[56,111086,9841],{"class":76},[42,111088,111090],{"id":111089},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111092,111093],{},"The result includes:",[173,111095,111096,111099],{},[176,111097,111098],{},"items only in the first set",[176,111100,111101],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111103,111104,111105,11615],{},"The result does ",[37,111106,5170],{},[173,111108,111109],{},[176,111110,111111],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111113,1584],{},[173,111115,111116,111121],{},[176,111117,111118,111119],{},"first set: ",[15,111120,100570],{},[176,111122,111123,111124],{},"second set: ",[15,111125,111126],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111128,4589,111129,111131],{},[15,111130,223],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111133,111134],{},"The output is:",[47,111136,111137],{"className":49,"code":111064,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,111138,111139],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111140,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111142,9810],{"class":76},[56,111144,529],{"class":80},[56,111146,306],{"class":76},[56,111148,414],{"class":80},[56,111150,306],{"class":76},[56,111152,424],{"class":80},[56,111154,306],{"class":76},[56,111156,496],{"class":80},[56,111158,9841],{"class":76},[20,111160,111161],{},"Also remember:",[173,111163,111164,111167],{},[176,111165,111166],{},"sets are unordered",[176,111168,111169],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[42,111171,12008],{"id":12007},[20,111173,111174],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[47,111176,111178],{"className":49,"code":111177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111179,111180,111212,111236,111240,111258,111262],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111181,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111183,107313],{"class":65},[56,111185,1217],{"class":827},[56,111187,11023],{"class":76},[56,111189,1017],{"class":1016},[56,111191,13626],{"class":1020},[56,111193,1017],{"class":1016},[56,111195,306],{"class":76},[56,111197,1231],{"class":1016},[56,111199,13643],{"class":1020},[56,111201,1017],{"class":1016},[56,111203,306],{"class":76},[56,111205,1231],{"class":1016},[56,111207,17990],{"class":1020},[56,111209,1017],{"class":1016},[56,111211,9841],{"class":76},[56,111213,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,111215,107346],{"class":65},[56,111217,1217],{"class":827},[56,111219,11023],{"class":76},[56,111221,1017],{"class":1016},[56,111223,17990],{"class":1020},[56,111225,1017],{"class":1016},[56,111227,306],{"class":76},[56,111229,1231],{"class":1016},[56,111231,23060],{"class":1020},[56,111233,1017],{"class":1016},[56,111235,9841],{"class":76},[56,111237,111238],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111239,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,111241,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,111243,2775],{"class":65},[56,111245,1217],{"class":827},[56,111247,107388],{"class":65},[56,111249,156],{"class":76},[56,111251,110883],{"class":95},[56,111253,77],{"class":76},[56,111255,107397],{"class":95},[56,111257,99],{"class":76},[56,111259,111260],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,111261,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,111263,111264,111266,111268,111270],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,111265,373],{"class":72},[56,111267,77],{"class":76},[56,111269,2809],{"class":95},[56,111271,99],{"class":76},[20,111273,239],{},[47,111275,111277],{"className":49,"code":111276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111278,111279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111280,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111282,9810],{"class":76},[56,111284,3844],{"class":1016},[56,111286,13626],{"class":1020},[56,111288,3844],{"class":1016},[56,111290,306],{"class":76},[56,111292,3839],{"class":1016},[56,111294,13643],{"class":1020},[56,111296,3844],{"class":1016},[56,111298,306],{"class":76},[56,111300,3839],{"class":1016},[56,111302,23060],{"class":1020},[56,111304,3844],{"class":1016},[56,111306,9841],{"class":76},[20,111308,13943],{},[173,111310,111311,111316,111327],{},[176,111312,111313,111315],{},[15,111314,96781],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[176,111317,111318,4935,111320,111323,111324,111326],{},[15,111319,65890],{},[15,111321,111322],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111325,107450],{},", so they stay",[176,111328,111329,111331,111332,111334],{},[15,111330,110089],{}," is only in ",[15,111333,107397],{},", so it stays",[42,111336,111338,1682,111340],{"id":111337},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111339,110793],{},[15,111341,100702],{},[20,111343,111344],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111346,111347,1045],{},[15,111348,100702],{},[173,111350,111351,111354],{},[176,111352,111353],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[176,111355,111356],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111358,111359,1045],{},[15,111360,110793],{},[173,111362,111363,111366],{},[176,111364,111365],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[176,111367,111368],{},"removes shared items",[20,111370,986],{},[47,111372,111374],{"className":49,"code":111373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111375,111376,111396,111416,111420,111441],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111377,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111379,3098],{"class":65},[56,111381,1217],{"class":827},[56,111383,11023],{"class":76},[56,111385,529],{"class":80},[56,111387,306],{"class":76},[56,111389,414],{"class":80},[56,111391,306],{"class":76},[56,111393,419],{"class":80},[56,111395,9841],{"class":76},[56,111397,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,111399,3125],{"class":65},[56,111401,1217],{"class":827},[56,111403,11023],{"class":76},[56,111405,223],{"class":80},[56,111407,306],{"class":76},[56,111409,424],{"class":80},[56,111411,306],{"class":76},[56,111413,496],{"class":80},[56,111415,9841],{"class":76},[56,111417,111418],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111419,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,111421,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436,111438],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,111423,373],{"class":72},[56,111425,77],{"class":76},[56,111427,264],{"class":95},[56,111429,156],{"class":76},[56,111431,3355],{"class":95},[56,111433,77],{"class":76},[56,111435,1234],{"class":95},[56,111437,5901],{"class":76},[56,111439,111440],{"class":112},"            # {1, 2}\n",[56,111442,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,111444,373],{"class":72},[56,111446,77],{"class":76},[56,111448,264],{"class":95},[56,111450,156],{"class":76},[56,111452,110883],{"class":95},[56,111454,77],{"class":76},[56,111456,1234],{"class":95},[56,111458,5901],{"class":76},[56,111460,110902],{"class":112},[20,111462,19230],{},[173,111464,111465,111472],{},[176,111466,111467,111471],{},[264,111468,111469],{"href":103128},[15,111470,100702],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[176,111473,111474,111476],{},[15,111475,110793],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[42,111478,111480,1682,111482],{"id":111479},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111481,110793],{},[15,111483,103087],{},[20,111485,111486,111488],{},[15,111487,103087],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111490,111491,111493],{},[15,111492,110793],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111495,986],{},[47,111497,111499],{"className":49,"code":111498,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111500,111501,111521,111541,111545,111567],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111502,111503,111505,111507,111509,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111504,3098],{"class":65},[56,111506,1217],{"class":827},[56,111508,11023],{"class":76},[56,111510,529],{"class":80},[56,111512,306],{"class":76},[56,111514,414],{"class":80},[56,111516,306],{"class":76},[56,111518,419],{"class":80},[56,111520,9841],{"class":76},[56,111522,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,111524,3125],{"class":65},[56,111526,1217],{"class":827},[56,111528,11023],{"class":76},[56,111530,223],{"class":80},[56,111532,306],{"class":76},[56,111534,424],{"class":80},[56,111536,306],{"class":76},[56,111538,496],{"class":80},[56,111540,9841],{"class":76},[56,111542,111543],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111544,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,111546,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111558,111560,111562,111564],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,111548,373],{"class":72},[56,111550,77],{"class":76},[56,111552,264],{"class":95},[56,111554,156],{"class":76},[56,111556,111557],{"class":95},"union",[56,111559,77],{"class":76},[56,111561,1234],{"class":95},[56,111563,5901],{"class":76},[56,111565,111566],{"class":112},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[56,111568,111569,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,111570,373],{"class":72},[56,111572,77],{"class":76},[56,111574,264],{"class":95},[56,111576,156],{"class":76},[56,111578,110883],{"class":95},[56,111580,77],{"class":76},[56,111582,1234],{"class":95},[56,111584,5901],{"class":76},[56,111586,110902],{"class":112},[20,111588,27751],{},[173,111590,111591,111596],{},[176,111592,111593,111595],{},[15,111594,103087],{}," includes everything",[176,111597,111598,111600],{},[15,111599,110793],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111602,19230],{},[173,111604,111605,111612],{},[176,111606,111607,111611],{},[264,111608,111609],{"href":108018},[15,111610,103087],{}," when overlap does not matter",[176,111613,111614,111616],{},[15,111615,110793],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[42,111618,37126,111620,101886],{"id":111619},"using-the-operator",[15,111621,111622],{},"^",[20,111624,111625,111626,111628,111629,156],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111627,111622],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111630,110793],{},[20,111632,986],{},[47,111634,111636],{"className":49,"code":111635,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111637,111638,111658,111678,111682,111700],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111639,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652,111654,111656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111641,110989],{"class":65},[56,111643,1217],{"class":827},[56,111645,11023],{"class":76},[56,111647,529],{"class":80},[56,111649,306],{"class":76},[56,111651,414],{"class":80},[56,111653,306],{"class":76},[56,111655,419],{"class":80},[56,111657,9841],{"class":76},[56,111659,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,111661,111010],{"class":65},[56,111663,1217],{"class":827},[56,111665,11023],{"class":76},[56,111667,223],{"class":80},[56,111669,306],{"class":76},[56,111671,424],{"class":80},[56,111673,306],{"class":76},[56,111675,496],{"class":80},[56,111677,9841],{"class":76},[56,111679,111680],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111681,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,111683,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,111685,373],{"class":72},[56,111687,77],{"class":76},[56,111689,100873],{"class":95},[56,111691,156],{"class":76},[56,111693,110883],{"class":95},[56,111695,77],{"class":76},[56,111697,100882],{"class":95},[56,111699,1635],{"class":76},[56,111701,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111713],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,111703,373],{"class":72},[56,111705,77],{"class":76},[56,111707,110989],{"class":95},[56,111709,111622],{"class":827},[56,111711,111712],{"class":95}," set2",[56,111714,99],{"class":76},[20,111716,30559],{},[47,111718,111720],{"className":49,"code":111719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111721,111722,111742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111723,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111725,9810],{"class":76},[56,111727,529],{"class":80},[56,111729,306],{"class":76},[56,111731,414],{"class":80},[56,111733,306],{"class":76},[56,111735,424],{"class":80},[56,111737,306],{"class":76},[56,111739,496],{"class":80},[56,111741,9841],{"class":76},[56,111743,111744,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,111745,9810],{"class":76},[56,111747,529],{"class":80},[56,111749,306],{"class":76},[56,111751,414],{"class":80},[56,111753,306],{"class":76},[56,111755,424],{"class":80},[56,111757,306],{"class":76},[56,111759,496],{"class":80},[56,111761,9841],{"class":76},[20,111763,111764],{},"Both forms:",[173,111766,111767,111770],{},[176,111768,111769],{},"return a new set",[176,111771,111772],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111774,111775],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[42,111777,1690],{"id":1689},[20,111779,21747,111780,1045],{},[15,111781,110793],{},[173,111783,111784,111792,111802,111817],{},[176,111785,111786,111789,111791],{},[37,111787,111788],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10378,111790],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[176,111793,111794,111797,111799,111801],{},[37,111795,111796],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10378,111798],{},[15,111800,110793],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[176,111803,111804,111809,111811,111813,111814,111816],{},[37,111805,111806,111807],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111808,100702],{},[10378,111810],{},[15,111812,100702],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111815,110793],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[176,111818,111819,111822,111824],{},[37,111820,111821],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10378,111823],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111826,59362],{},[173,111828,111829,111838,111841,111844],{},[176,111830,50995,111831,45137,111833,111837],{},[15,111832,110793],{},[264,111834,111835],{"href":108018},[15,111836,103087],{}," is actually needed",[176,111839,111840],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[176,111842,111843],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[176,111845,111846],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111848,111849,111850,156],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[264,111851,99366],{"href":105631},[20,111853,62793],{},[47,111855,111857],{"className":49,"code":111856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111858,111859,111869,111879,111897,111911,111925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111860,111861,111863,111865,111867],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111862,373],{"class":72},[56,111864,77],{"class":76},[56,111866,100873],{"class":95},[56,111868,99],{"class":76},[56,111870,111871,111873,111875,111877],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,111872,373],{"class":72},[56,111874,77],{"class":76},[56,111876,100882],{"class":95},[56,111878,99],{"class":76},[56,111880,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111882,373],{"class":72},[56,111884,77],{"class":76},[56,111886,100873],{"class":95},[56,111888,156],{"class":76},[56,111890,110883],{"class":95},[56,111892,77],{"class":76},[56,111894,100882],{"class":95},[56,111896,1635],{"class":76},[56,111898,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,111900,373],{"class":72},[56,111902,77],{"class":76},[56,111904,110989],{"class":95},[56,111906,111622],{"class":827},[56,111908,111712],{"class":95},[56,111910,99],{"class":76},[56,111912,111913,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,111914,373],{"class":72},[56,111916,77],{"class":76},[56,111918,2312],{"class":378},[56,111920,77],{"class":76},[56,111922,100873],{"class":95},[56,111924,1635],{"class":76},[56,111926,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,111928,373],{"class":72},[56,111930,77],{"class":76},[56,111932,2312],{"class":378},[56,111934,77],{"class":76},[56,111936,100882],{"class":95},[56,111938,1635],{"class":76},[42,111940,2343],{"id":2342},[353,111942,2347,111944,103027],{"id":111943},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111945,110793],{},[20,111947,103030],{},[353,111949,5718,111951,4935,111953,2363],{"id":111950},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111952,110793],{},[15,111954,100702],{},[20,111956,111957,111959,111960,111962],{},[15,111958,100702],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111961,110793],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[353,111964,28859,111966,111968],{"id":111965},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111967,110793],{}," with lists?",[20,111970,111971],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111973,986],{},[47,111975,111977],{"className":49,"code":111976,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111978,111979,111999,112019,112023,112050],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111980,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995,111997],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111982,81146],{"class":65},[56,111984,1217],{"class":827},[56,111986,1220],{"class":76},[56,111988,529],{"class":80},[56,111990,306],{"class":76},[56,111992,414],{"class":80},[56,111994,306],{"class":76},[56,111996,419],{"class":80},[56,111998,427],{"class":76},[56,112000,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112002,81167],{"class":65},[56,112004,1217],{"class":827},[56,112006,1220],{"class":76},[56,112008,223],{"class":80},[56,112010,306],{"class":76},[56,112012,424],{"class":80},[56,112014,306],{"class":76},[56,112016,496],{"class":80},[56,112018,427],{"class":76},[56,112020,112021],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112022,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112024,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,112026,2775],{"class":65},[56,112028,1217],{"class":827},[56,112030,16168],{"class":378},[56,112032,77],{"class":76},[56,112034,112035],{"class":95},"list1",[56,112037,9162],{"class":76},[56,112039,110883],{"class":95},[56,112041,77],{"class":76},[56,112043,6822],{"class":378},[56,112045,77],{"class":76},[56,112047,81433],{"class":95},[56,112049,1635],{"class":76},[56,112051,112052,112054,112056,112058],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,112053,373],{"class":72},[56,112055,77],{"class":76},[56,112057,2809],{"class":95},[56,112059,99],{"class":76},[20,112061,239],{},[47,112063,112064],{"className":49,"code":111064,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,112065,112066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112067,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112069,9810],{"class":76},[56,112071,529],{"class":80},[56,112073,306],{"class":76},[56,112075,414],{"class":80},[56,112077,306],{"class":76},[56,112079,424],{"class":80},[56,112081,306],{"class":76},[56,112083,496],{"class":80},[56,112085,9841],{"class":76},[353,112087,112089],{"id":112088},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112091,112092],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[42,112094,2417],{"id":2416},[173,112096,112097,112101,112106,112112,112118],{},[176,112098,112099],{},[264,112100,96616],{"href":96615},[176,112102,112103],{},[264,112104,112105],{"href":96619},"Creating a set in Python",[176,112107,112108],{},[264,112109,97102,112110,11273],{"href":103128},[15,112111,100702],{},[176,112113,112114],{},[264,112115,97102,112116,11273],{"href":108018},[15,112117,103087],{},[176,112119,112120],{},[264,112121,100632],{"href":105631},[20,112123,112124,112125,2735,112127,17607,112129,112131],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112126,100702],{},[15,112128,103087],{},[15,112130,110793],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2451,112133,57741],{},{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":112135},[112136,112137,112139,112140,112141,112142,112144,112146,112148,112149,112158],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":110908,"depth":87,"text":112138},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":111089,"depth":87,"text":111090},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":111337,"depth":87,"text":112143},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111479,"depth":87,"text":112145},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111619,"depth":87,"text":112147},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":112150},[112151,112153,112155,112157],{"id":111943,"depth":102,"text":112152},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111950,"depth":102,"text":112154},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111965,"depth":102,"text":112156},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112088,"depth":102,"text":112089},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110785,"description":112159},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112166,"title":112167,"body":112168,"description":114231,"extension":2509,"meta":114232,"navigation":105,"path":108018,"seo":114233,"stem":114234,"__hash__":114235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112169,"toc":114190},[112170,112175,112180,112183,112196,112198,112280,112285,112290,112294,112306,112309,112313,112315,112342,112344,112355,112358,112427,112429,112435,112438,112448,112450,112539,112544,112546,112553,112556,112558,112561,112681,112683,112752,112755,112772,112777,112780,112896,112898,112927,112930,112936,112941,112945,113026,113028,113056,113061,113065,113160,113162,113203,113207,113210,113277,113279,113320,113326,113341,113348,113355,113359,113365,113451,113455,113463,113534,113539,113546,113548,113554,113556,113621,113623,113639,113644,113647,113716,113720,113723,113782,113785,113789,113842,113855,113858,113911,113915,113917,113948,113951,113956,114009,114013,114016,114037,114049,114051,114104,114106,114111,114113,114119,114122,114128,114133,114137,114140,114148,114157,114159,114187],[10,112171,13,112173,11854],{"id":112172},"python-setunion-method",[15,112174,108331],{},[20,112176,112177,112179],{},[15,112178,108331],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112181,112182],{},"It is useful when you want:",[173,112184,112185,112188,112193],{},[176,112186,112187],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[176,112189,3098,112190,112192],{},[37,112191,101057],{}," as the result",[176,112194,112195],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[42,112197,45],{"id":44},[47,112199,112201],{"className":49,"code":112200,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112202,112203,112223,112243,112247,112265,112275],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112204,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112206,110989],{"class":65},[56,112208,1217],{"class":827},[56,112210,11023],{"class":76},[56,112212,529],{"class":80},[56,112214,306],{"class":76},[56,112216,414],{"class":80},[56,112218,306],{"class":76},[56,112220,419],{"class":80},[56,112222,9841],{"class":76},[56,112224,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112226,111010],{"class":65},[56,112228,1217],{"class":827},[56,112230,11023],{"class":76},[56,112232,223],{"class":80},[56,112234,306],{"class":76},[56,112236,424],{"class":80},[56,112238,306],{"class":76},[56,112240,496],{"class":80},[56,112242,9841],{"class":76},[56,112244,112245],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112246,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112248,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,112250,2775],{"class":65},[56,112252,1217],{"class":827},[56,112254,111039],{"class":65},[56,112256,156],{"class":76},[56,112258,111557],{"class":95},[56,112260,77],{"class":76},[56,112262,100882],{"class":95},[56,112264,99],{"class":76},[56,112266,112267,112269,112271,112273],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,112268,373],{"class":72},[56,112270,77],{"class":76},[56,112272,2809],{"class":95},[56,112274,99],{"class":76},[56,112276,112277],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,112278,112279],{"class":112},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112281,112282,112284],{},[15,112283,103087],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[42,112286,160,112288,163],{"id":112287},"what-setunion-does",[15,112289,108331],{},[20,112291,112292,1045],{},[15,112293,108331],{},[173,112295,112296,112299,112302,112304],{},[176,112297,112298],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[176,112300,112301],{},"keeps only unique values",[176,112303,110919],{},[176,112305,110928],{},[20,112307,112308],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112310,96612,112311,156],{},[264,112312,96616],{"href":97787},[42,112314,2702],{"id":2701},[47,112316,112318],{"className":49,"code":112317,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112319,112320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112321,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112323,100873],{"class":65},[56,112325,156],{"class":76},[56,112327,111557],{"class":95},[56,112329,77],{"class":76},[56,112331,100882],{"class":95},[56,112333,306],{"class":76},[56,112335,100909],{"class":95},[56,112337,306],{"class":76},[56,112339,34983],{"class":72},[56,112341,99],{"class":76},[20,112343,171],{},[173,112345,112346,112349,112352],{},[176,112347,112348],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[176,112350,112351],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[176,112353,112354],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112356,112357],{},"Example with two sets:",[47,112359,112361],{"className":49,"code":112360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112362,112363,112379,112395,112399,112417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112364,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112366,3098],{"class":65},[56,112368,1217],{"class":827},[56,112370,11023],{"class":76},[56,112372,529],{"class":80},[56,112374,306],{"class":76},[56,112376,414],{"class":80},[56,112378,9841],{"class":76},[56,112380,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112382,3125],{"class":65},[56,112384,1217],{"class":827},[56,112386,11023],{"class":76},[56,112388,463],{"class":80},[56,112390,306],{"class":76},[56,112392,419],{"class":80},[56,112394,9841],{"class":76},[56,112396,112397],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112398,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112400,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,112402,2775],{"class":65},[56,112404,1217],{"class":827},[56,112406,57387],{"class":65},[56,112408,156],{"class":76},[56,112410,111557],{"class":95},[56,112412,77],{"class":76},[56,112414,1234],{"class":95},[56,112416,99],{"class":76},[56,112418,112419,112421,112423,112425],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,112420,373],{"class":72},[56,112422,77],{"class":76},[56,112424,2809],{"class":95},[56,112426,99],{"class":76},[42,112428,22506],{"id":22505},[20,112430,112431,101054,112433,156],{},[15,112432,108331],{},[37,112434,101057],{},[20,112436,112437],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[173,112439,112440,112443],{},[176,112441,112442],{},"the original set",[176,112444,112445,112446],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112447,103087],{},[20,112449,986],{},[47,112451,112453],{"className":49,"code":112452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112454,112455,112471,112487,112491,112509,112513,112526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112456,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112458,3098],{"class":65},[56,112460,1217],{"class":827},[56,112462,11023],{"class":76},[56,112464,529],{"class":80},[56,112466,306],{"class":76},[56,112468,414],{"class":80},[56,112470,9841],{"class":76},[56,112472,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112474,3125],{"class":65},[56,112476,1217],{"class":827},[56,112478,11023],{"class":76},[56,112480,463],{"class":80},[56,112482,306],{"class":76},[56,112484,419],{"class":80},[56,112486,9841],{"class":76},[56,112488,112489],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112490,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112492,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,112494,2775],{"class":65},[56,112496,1217],{"class":827},[56,112498,57387],{"class":65},[56,112500,156],{"class":76},[56,112502,111557],{"class":95},[56,112504,77],{"class":76},[56,112506,1234],{"class":95},[56,112508,99],{"class":76},[56,112510,112511],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,112512,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112514,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,112516,373],{"class":72},[56,112518,77],{"class":76},[56,112520,2809],{"class":95},[56,112522,4202],{"class":76},[56,112524,112525],{"class":112},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[56,112527,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,112529,373],{"class":72},[56,112531,77],{"class":76},[56,112533,264],{"class":95},[56,112535,4202],{"class":76},[56,112537,112538],{"class":112},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112540,2831,112541,112543],{},[15,112542,264],{}," did not change.",[20,112545,111161],{},[173,112547,112548,112550],{},[176,112549,111166],{},[176,112551,112552],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112554,112555],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[42,112557,12008],{"id":12007},[20,112559,112560],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[47,112562,112564],{"className":49,"code":112563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112565,112566,112599,112632,112636,112656,112660,112670],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112567,112568,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112569,112570],{"class":65},"fruits1 ",[56,112572,1217],{"class":827},[56,112574,11023],{"class":76},[56,112576,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112578,4619],{"class":1020},[56,112580,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112582,306],{"class":76},[56,112584,1231],{"class":1016},[56,112586,4628],{"class":1020},[56,112588,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112590,306],{"class":76},[56,112592,1231],{"class":1016},[56,112594,33751],{"class":1020},[56,112596,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112598,9841],{"class":76},[56,112600,112601,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112602,112603],{"class":65},"fruits2 ",[56,112605,1217],{"class":827},[56,112607,11023],{"class":76},[56,112609,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112611,4628],{"class":1020},[56,112613,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112615,306],{"class":76},[56,112617,1231],{"class":1016},[56,112619,23069],{"class":1020},[56,112621,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112623,306],{"class":76},[56,112625,1231],{"class":1016},[56,112627,33751],{"class":1020},[56,112629,1017],{"class":1016},[56,112631,9841],{"class":76},[56,112633,112634],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112635,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112637,112638,112640,112642,112645,112647,112649,112651,112654],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,112639,2775],{"class":65},[56,112641,1217],{"class":827},[56,112643,112644],{"class":65}," fruits1",[56,112646,156],{"class":76},[56,112648,111557],{"class":95},[56,112650,77],{"class":76},[56,112652,112653],{"class":95},"fruits2",[56,112655,99],{"class":76},[56,112657,112658],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,112659,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112661,112662,112664,112666,112668],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,112663,373],{"class":72},[56,112665,77],{"class":76},[56,112667,2809],{"class":95},[56,112669,99],{"class":76},[56,112671,112672,112674,112676,112679],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,112673,373],{"class":72},[56,112675,77],{"class":76},[56,112677,112678],{"class":95},"fruits1",[56,112680,99],{"class":76},[20,112682,30559],{},[47,112684,112686],{"className":49,"code":112685,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112687,112688,112724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112689,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112691,9810],{"class":76},[56,112693,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112695,4628],{"class":1020},[56,112697,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112699,306],{"class":76},[56,112701,3839],{"class":1016},[56,112703,33751],{"class":1020},[56,112705,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112707,306],{"class":76},[56,112709,3839],{"class":1016},[56,112711,4619],{"class":1020},[56,112713,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112715,306],{"class":76},[56,112717,3839],{"class":1016},[56,112719,23069],{"class":1020},[56,112721,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112723,9841],{"class":76},[56,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112727,9810],{"class":76},[56,112729,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112731,4628],{"class":1020},[56,112733,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112735,306],{"class":76},[56,112737,3839],{"class":1016},[56,112739,33751],{"class":1020},[56,112741,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112743,306],{"class":76},[56,112745,3839],{"class":1016},[56,112747,4619],{"class":1020},[56,112749,3844],{"class":1016},[56,112751,9841],{"class":76},[20,112753,112754],{},"What this shows:",[173,112756,112757,112764,112767],{},[176,112758,112759,4935,112761,112763],{},[15,112760,65772],{},[15,112762,66199],{}," appear in both sets",[176,112765,112766],{},"they appear only once in the result",[176,112768,112769,112771],{},[15,112770,112678],{}," stays unchanged",[42,112773,958,112775,101446],{"id":112774},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112776,103087],{},[20,112778,112779],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[47,112781,112783],{"className":49,"code":112782,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112784,112785,112801,112817,112834,112851,112855,112882,112886],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112786,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112788,110989],{"class":65},[56,112790,1217],{"class":827},[56,112792,11023],{"class":76},[56,112794,529],{"class":80},[56,112796,306],{"class":76},[56,112798,414],{"class":80},[56,112800,9841],{"class":76},[56,112802,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112804,111010],{"class":65},[56,112806,1217],{"class":827},[56,112808,11023],{"class":76},[56,112810,463],{"class":80},[56,112812,306],{"class":76},[56,112814,419],{"class":80},[56,112816,9841],{"class":76},[56,112818,112819,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112820,112821],{"class":65},"set3 ",[56,112823,1217],{"class":827},[56,112825,11023],{"class":76},[56,112827,223],{"class":80},[56,112829,306],{"class":76},[56,112831,424],{"class":80},[56,112833,9841],{"class":76},[56,112835,112836,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,112837,112838],{"class":65},"set4 ",[56,112840,1217],{"class":827},[56,112842,11023],{"class":76},[56,112844,1603],{"class":80},[56,112846,306],{"class":76},[56,112848,496],{"class":80},[56,112850,9841],{"class":76},[56,112852,112853],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,112854,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112856,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112880],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,112858,2775],{"class":65},[56,112860,1217],{"class":827},[56,112862,111039],{"class":65},[56,112864,156],{"class":76},[56,112866,111557],{"class":95},[56,112868,77],{"class":76},[56,112870,100882],{"class":95},[56,112872,306],{"class":76},[56,112874,100909],{"class":95},[56,112876,306],{"class":76},[56,112878,112879],{"class":95}," set4",[56,112881,99],{"class":76},[56,112883,112884],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,112885,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112887,112888,112890,112892,112894],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,112889,373],{"class":72},[56,112891,77],{"class":76},[56,112893,2809],{"class":95},[56,112895,99],{"class":76},[20,112897,30559],{},[47,112899,112901],{"className":49,"code":112900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112902,112903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112904,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112906,9810],{"class":76},[56,112908,529],{"class":80},[56,112910,306],{"class":76},[56,112912,414],{"class":80},[56,112914,306],{"class":76},[56,112916,419],{"class":80},[56,112918,306],{"class":76},[56,112920,424],{"class":80},[56,112922,306],{"class":76},[56,112924,496],{"class":80},[56,112926,9841],{"class":76},[20,112928,112929],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[42,112931,958,112933,112935],{"id":112932},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112934,103087],{}," with other iterables",[20,112937,112938,112940],{},[15,112939,103087],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[353,112942,112944],{"id":112943},"with-a-list","With a list",[47,112946,112948],{"className":49,"code":112947,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112949,112950,112970,112994,112998,113016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112951,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112953,1594],{"class":65},[56,112955,1217],{"class":827},[56,112957,11023],{"class":76},[56,112959,529],{"class":80},[56,112961,306],{"class":76},[56,112963,414],{"class":80},[56,112965,306],{"class":76},[56,112967,419],{"class":80},[56,112969,9841],{"class":76},[56,112971,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,112973,61546],{"class":65},[56,112975,1217],{"class":827},[56,112977,1220],{"class":76},[56,112979,223],{"class":80},[56,112981,306],{"class":76},[56,112983,424],{"class":80},[56,112985,306],{"class":76},[56,112987,496],{"class":80},[56,112989,306],{"class":76},[56,112991,496],{"class":80},[56,112993,427],{"class":76},[56,112995,112996],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112997,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,112999,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113001,2775],{"class":65},[56,113003,1217],{"class":827},[56,113005,4804],{"class":65},[56,113007,156],{"class":76},[56,113009,111557],{"class":95},[56,113011,77],{"class":76},[56,113013,61575],{"class":95},[56,113015,99],{"class":76},[56,113017,113018,113020,113022,113024],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,113019,373],{"class":72},[56,113021,77],{"class":76},[56,113023,2809],{"class":95},[56,113025,99],{"class":76},[20,113027,30559],{},[47,113029,113030],{"className":49,"code":112900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,113031,113032],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113033,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113035,9810],{"class":76},[56,113037,529],{"class":80},[56,113039,306],{"class":76},[56,113041,414],{"class":80},[56,113043,306],{"class":76},[56,113045,419],{"class":80},[56,113047,306],{"class":76},[56,113049,424],{"class":80},[56,113051,306],{"class":76},[56,113053,496],{"class":80},[56,113055,9841],{"class":76},[20,113057,21513,113058,113060],{},[15,113059,81],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[353,113062,113064],{"id":113063},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[47,113066,113068],{"className":49,"code":113067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113069,113070,113094,113127,113131,113150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113071,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113073,36614],{"class":65},[56,113075,1217],{"class":827},[56,113077,11023],{"class":76},[56,113079,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113081,264],{"class":1020},[56,113083,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113085,306],{"class":76},[56,113087,1231],{"class":1016},[56,113089,1234],{"class":1020},[56,113091,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113093,9841],{"class":76},[56,113095,113096,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113097,113098],{"class":65},"more_letters ",[56,113100,1217],{"class":827},[56,113102,9768],{"class":76},[56,113104,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113106,1234],{"class":1020},[56,113108,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113110,306],{"class":76},[56,113112,1231],{"class":1016},[56,113114,1243],{"class":1020},[56,113116,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113118,306],{"class":76},[56,113120,1231],{"class":1016},[56,113122,19303],{"class":1020},[56,113124,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113126,99],{"class":76},[56,113128,113129],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113130,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113132,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113148],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113134,2775],{"class":65},[56,113136,1217],{"class":827},[56,113138,70592],{"class":65},[56,113140,156],{"class":76},[56,113142,111557],{"class":95},[56,113144,77],{"class":76},[56,113146,113147],{"class":95},"more_letters",[56,113149,99],{"class":76},[56,113151,113152,113154,113156,113158],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,113153,373],{"class":72},[56,113155,77],{"class":76},[56,113157,2809],{"class":95},[56,113159,99],{"class":76},[20,113161,30559],{},[47,113163,113165],{"className":49,"code":113164,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113166,113167],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113168,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113170,9810],{"class":76},[56,113172,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113174,264],{"class":1020},[56,113176,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113178,306],{"class":76},[56,113180,3839],{"class":1016},[56,113182,1234],{"class":1020},[56,113184,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113186,306],{"class":76},[56,113188,3839],{"class":1016},[56,113190,1243],{"class":1020},[56,113192,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113194,306],{"class":76},[56,113196,3839],{"class":1016},[56,113198,19303],{"class":1020},[56,113200,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113202,9841],{"class":76},[353,113204,113206],{"id":113205},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113208,113209],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[47,113211,113213],{"className":49,"code":113212,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113214,113215,113240,113263,113267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113216,113217,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113218,113219],{"class":65},"chars ",[56,113221,1217],{"class":827},[56,113223,11023],{"class":76},[56,113225,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113227,264],{"class":1020},[56,113229,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113231,306],{"class":76},[56,113233,1231],{"class":1016},[56,113235,1234],{"class":1020},[56,113237,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113239,9841],{"class":76},[56,113241,113242,113244,113246,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113243,2775],{"class":65},[56,113245,1217],{"class":827},[56,113247,113248],{"class":65}," chars",[56,113250,156],{"class":76},[56,113252,111557],{"class":95},[56,113254,77],{"class":76},[56,113256,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113258,37561],{"class":1020},[56,113260,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113262,99],{"class":76},[56,113264,113265],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113266,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113268,113269,113271,113273,113275],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113270,373],{"class":72},[56,113272,77],{"class":76},[56,113274,2809],{"class":95},[56,113276,99],{"class":76},[20,113278,30559],{},[47,113280,113282],{"className":49,"code":113281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113283,113284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113285,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113287,9810],{"class":76},[56,113289,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113291,264],{"class":1020},[56,113293,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113295,306],{"class":76},[56,113297,3839],{"class":1016},[56,113299,1234],{"class":1020},[56,113301,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113303,306],{"class":76},[56,113305,3839],{"class":1016},[56,113307,1243],{"class":1020},[56,113309,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113311,306],{"class":76},[56,113313,3839],{"class":1016},[56,113315,63785],{"class":1020},[56,113317,3844],{"class":1016},[56,113319,9841],{"class":76},[20,113321,22725,113322,113325],{},[15,113323,113324],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[173,113327,113328,113332,113336],{},[176,113329,113330],{},[15,113331,66979],{},[176,113333,113334],{},[15,113335,18631],{},[176,113337,113338],{},[15,113339,113340],{},"\"t\"",[42,113342,113344,1682,113346],{"id":113343},"union-vs-update",[15,113345,103087],{},[15,113347,15488],{},[20,113349,113350,4935,113352,113354],{},[15,113351,103087],{},[15,113353,15488],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[353,113356,113357],{"id":111557},[15,113358,103087],{},[173,113360,113361,113363],{},[176,113362,110919],{},[176,113364,110928],{},[47,113366,113367],{"className":49,"code":112452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,113368,113369,113385,113401,113405,113423,113427,113439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113370,113371,113373,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113372,3098],{"class":65},[56,113374,1217],{"class":827},[56,113376,11023],{"class":76},[56,113378,529],{"class":80},[56,113380,306],{"class":76},[56,113382,414],{"class":80},[56,113384,9841],{"class":76},[56,113386,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113388,3125],{"class":65},[56,113390,1217],{"class":827},[56,113392,11023],{"class":76},[56,113394,463],{"class":80},[56,113396,306],{"class":76},[56,113398,419],{"class":80},[56,113400,9841],{"class":76},[56,113402,113403],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113404,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113406,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113408,2775],{"class":65},[56,113410,1217],{"class":827},[56,113412,57387],{"class":65},[56,113414,156],{"class":76},[56,113416,111557],{"class":95},[56,113418,77],{"class":76},[56,113420,1234],{"class":95},[56,113422,99],{"class":76},[56,113424,113425],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,113426,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113428,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,113430,373],{"class":72},[56,113432,77],{"class":76},[56,113434,2809],{"class":95},[56,113436,4202],{"class":76},[56,113438,112525],{"class":112},[56,113440,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,113442,373],{"class":72},[56,113444,77],{"class":76},[56,113446,264],{"class":95},[56,113448,4202],{"class":76},[56,113450,112538],{"class":112},[353,113452,113453],{"id":30994},[15,113454,15488],{},[173,113456,113457,113460],{},[176,113458,113459],{},"changes the existing set in place",[176,113461,113462],{},"does not create a separate result set",[47,113464,113466],{"className":49,"code":113465,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113467,113468,113484,113500,113504,113518,113522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113469,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113471,3098],{"class":65},[56,113473,1217],{"class":827},[56,113475,11023],{"class":76},[56,113477,529],{"class":80},[56,113479,306],{"class":76},[56,113481,414],{"class":80},[56,113483,9841],{"class":76},[56,113485,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113487,3125],{"class":65},[56,113489,1217],{"class":827},[56,113491,11023],{"class":76},[56,113493,463],{"class":80},[56,113495,306],{"class":76},[56,113497,419],{"class":80},[56,113499,9841],{"class":76},[56,113501,113502],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113503,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113505,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113507,264],{"class":65},[56,113509,156],{"class":76},[56,113511,30994],{"class":95},[56,113513,77],{"class":76},[56,113515,1234],{"class":95},[56,113517,99],{"class":76},[56,113519,113520],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,113521,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113523,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,113525,373],{"class":72},[56,113527,77],{"class":76},[56,113529,264],{"class":95},[56,113531,4202],{"class":76},[56,113533,112525],{"class":112},[20,113535,2638,113536,113538],{},[15,113537,103087],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113540,113541,113542,156],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[264,113543,13,113544,11273],{"href":98807},[15,113545,97602],{},[42,113547,1690],{"id":1689},[353,113549,8983,113551,113553],{"id":113550},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113552,103087],{}," to change the original set",[20,113555,82315],{},[47,113557,113559],{"className":49,"code":113558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113560,113561,113577,113593,113597,113611],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113562,113563,113565,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113564,3098],{"class":65},[56,113566,1217],{"class":827},[56,113568,11023],{"class":76},[56,113570,529],{"class":80},[56,113572,306],{"class":76},[56,113574,414],{"class":80},[56,113576,9841],{"class":76},[56,113578,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113580,3125],{"class":65},[56,113582,1217],{"class":827},[56,113584,11023],{"class":76},[56,113586,463],{"class":80},[56,113588,306],{"class":76},[56,113590,419],{"class":80},[56,113592,9841],{"class":76},[56,113594,113595],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113596,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113600,264],{"class":65},[56,113602,156],{"class":76},[56,113604,111557],{"class":95},[56,113606,77],{"class":76},[56,113608,1234],{"class":95},[56,113610,99],{"class":76},[56,113612,113613,113615,113617,113619],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,113614,373],{"class":72},[56,113616,77],{"class":76},[56,113618,264],{"class":95},[56,113620,99],{"class":76},[20,113622,239],{},[47,113624,113625],{"className":49,"code":100795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,113626,113627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113628,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113630,9810],{"class":76},[56,113632,529],{"class":80},[56,113634,306],{"class":76},[56,113636,414],{"class":80},[56,113638,9841],{"class":76},[20,113640,9026,113641,113643],{},[15,113642,103087],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113645,113646],{},"Fix it like this:",[47,113648,113650],{"className":49,"code":113649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113651,113652,113668,113684,113688,113706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113653,113654,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113655,3098],{"class":65},[56,113657,1217],{"class":827},[56,113659,11023],{"class":76},[56,113661,529],{"class":80},[56,113663,306],{"class":76},[56,113665,414],{"class":80},[56,113667,9841],{"class":76},[56,113669,113670,113672,113674,113676,113678,113680,113682],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113671,3125],{"class":65},[56,113673,1217],{"class":827},[56,113675,11023],{"class":76},[56,113677,463],{"class":80},[56,113679,306],{"class":76},[56,113681,419],{"class":80},[56,113683,9841],{"class":76},[56,113685,113686],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113687,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113689,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702,113704],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113691,3098],{"class":65},[56,113693,1217],{"class":827},[56,113695,57387],{"class":65},[56,113697,156],{"class":76},[56,113699,111557],{"class":95},[56,113701,77],{"class":76},[56,113703,1234],{"class":95},[56,113705,99],{"class":76},[56,113707,113708,113710,113712,113714],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,113709,373],{"class":72},[56,113711,77],{"class":76},[56,113713,264],{"class":95},[56,113715,99],{"class":76},[353,113717,113719],{"id":113718},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113721,113722],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[47,113724,113726],{"className":49,"code":113725,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113727,113728,113744,113760,113764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113729,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113731,3098],{"class":65},[56,113733,1217],{"class":827},[56,113735,11023],{"class":76},[56,113737,223],{"class":80},[56,113739,306],{"class":76},[56,113741,409],{"class":80},[56,113743,9841],{"class":76},[56,113745,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113747,3125],{"class":65},[56,113749,1217],{"class":827},[56,113751,11023],{"class":76},[56,113753,463],{"class":80},[56,113755,306],{"class":76},[56,113757,424],{"class":80},[56,113759,9841],{"class":76},[56,113761,113762],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113763,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,113765,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774,113776,113778,113780],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,113767,373],{"class":72},[56,113769,77],{"class":76},[56,113771,264],{"class":95},[56,113773,156],{"class":76},[56,113775,111557],{"class":95},[56,113777,77],{"class":76},[56,113779,1234],{"class":95},[56,113781,1635],{"class":76},[20,113783,113784],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[353,113786,113788],{"id":113787},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[47,113790,113792],{"className":49,"code":113791,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113793,113794,113810,113832],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113795,113796,113798,113800,113802,113804,113806,113808],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113797,4610],{"class":65},[56,113799,1217],{"class":827},[56,113801,11023],{"class":76},[56,113803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113805,58627],{"class":1020},[56,113807,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113809,9841],{"class":76},[56,113811,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113813,2775],{"class":65},[56,113815,1217],{"class":827},[56,113817,6703],{"class":65},[56,113819,156],{"class":76},[56,113821,111557],{"class":95},[56,113823,77],{"class":76},[56,113825,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113827,37561],{"class":1020},[56,113829,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113831,99],{"class":76},[56,113833,113834,113836,113838,113840],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113835,373],{"class":72},[56,113837,77],{"class":76},[56,113839,2809],{"class":95},[56,113841,99],{"class":76},[20,113843,113844,113845,2735,113847,17607,113849,113851,113852,113854],{},"This adds ",[15,113846,66979],{},[15,113848,18631],{},[15,113850,113340],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113853,113324],{}," as one item.",[20,113856,113857],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[47,113859,113861],{"className":49,"code":113860,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113862,113863,113879,113901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113864,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113866,4610],{"class":65},[56,113868,1217],{"class":827},[56,113870,11023],{"class":76},[56,113872,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113874,58627],{"class":1020},[56,113876,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113878,9841],{"class":76},[56,113880,113881,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113882,2775],{"class":65},[56,113884,1217],{"class":827},[56,113886,6703],{"class":65},[56,113888,156],{"class":76},[56,113890,111557],{"class":95},[56,113892,3528],{"class":76},[56,113894,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113896,37561],{"class":1020},[56,113898,1017],{"class":1016},[56,113900,1294],{"class":76},[56,113902,113903,113905,113907,113909],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113904,373],{"class":72},[56,113906,77],{"class":76},[56,113908,2809],{"class":95},[56,113910,99],{"class":76},[353,113912,113914],{"id":113913},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113916,924],{},[47,113918,113920],{"className":49,"code":113919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113921,113922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113923,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113925,16163],{"class":65},[56,113927,1217],{"class":827},[56,113929,11023],{"class":76},[56,113931,529],{"class":80},[56,113933,306],{"class":76},[56,113935,414],{"class":80},[56,113937,306],{"class":76},[56,113939,1220],{"class":76},[56,113941,223],{"class":80},[56,113943,306],{"class":76},[56,113945,424],{"class":80},[56,113947,14240],{"class":76},[20,113949,113950],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113952,113953,113954,1045],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113955,103087],{},[47,113957,113959],{"className":49,"code":113958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113960,113961,113977,113999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113962,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113964,16163],{"class":65},[56,113966,1217],{"class":827},[56,113968,11023],{"class":76},[56,113970,529],{"class":80},[56,113972,306],{"class":76},[56,113974,414],{"class":80},[56,113976,9841],{"class":76},[56,113978,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,113980,2775],{"class":65},[56,113982,1217],{"class":827},[56,113984,97212],{"class":65},[56,113986,156],{"class":76},[56,113988,111557],{"class":95},[56,113990,3528],{"class":76},[56,113992,223],{"class":80},[56,113994,306],{"class":76},[56,113996,424],{"class":80},[56,113998,1294],{"class":76},[56,114000,114001,114003,114005,114007],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114002,373],{"class":72},[56,114004,77],{"class":76},[56,114006,2809],{"class":95},[56,114008,99],{"class":76},[42,114010,114012],{"id":114011},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114014,114015],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[173,114017,114018,114024,114031,114034],{},[176,114019,114020,114021,114023],{},"call ",[15,114022,103087],{}," without saving the returned set",[176,114025,114026,114027,9236,114029],{},"confuse ",[15,114028,103087],{},[15,114030,15488],{},[176,114032,114033],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[176,114035,114036],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114038,114039,114040,4935,114044,156],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[264,114041,13,114042,11273],{"href":103076},[15,114043,106861],{},[264,114045,13,114047,11273],{"href":114046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114048,100707],{},[20,114050,62793],{},[47,114052,114054],{"className":49,"code":114053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114055,114056,114066,114080,114090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114057,114058,114060,114062,114064],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114059,373],{"class":72},[56,114061,77],{"class":76},[56,114063,16201],{"class":95},[56,114065,99],{"class":76},[56,114067,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114069,373],{"class":72},[56,114071,77],{"class":76},[56,114073,2312],{"class":378},[56,114075,77],{"class":76},[56,114077,16201],{"class":95},[56,114079,1635],{"class":76},[56,114081,114082,114084,114086,114088],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114083,373],{"class":72},[56,114085,77],{"class":76},[56,114087,2809],{"class":95},[56,114089,99],{"class":76},[56,114091,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114093,32683],{"class":72},[56,114095,77],{"class":76},[56,114097,6822],{"class":378},[56,114099,156],{"class":76},[56,114101,111557],{"class":25284},[56,114103,99],{"class":76},[42,114105,2343],{"id":2342},[353,114107,2347,114109,103027],{"id":114108},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114110,108331],{},[20,114112,103030],{},[353,114114,2372,114116,114118],{"id":114115},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114117,103087],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114120,114121],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[353,114123,28859,114125,114127],{"id":114124},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114126,103087],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114129,42661,114130,114132],{},[15,114131,103087],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[353,114134,114136],{"id":114135},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114138,114139],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[353,114141,5718,114143,4935,114145,2363],{"id":114142},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114144,103087],{},[15,114146,114147],{},"|",[20,114149,114150,114151,114153,114154,114156],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114152,114147],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114155,103087],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[42,114158,2417],{"id":2416},[173,114160,114161,114165,114171,114177,114183],{},[176,114162,114163],{},[264,114164,96616],{"href":97787},[176,114166,114167],{},[264,114168,13,114169,11273],{"href":98807},[15,114170,97602],{},[176,114172,114173],{},[264,114174,13,114175,11273],{"href":103076},[15,114176,106861],{},[176,114178,114179],{},[264,114180,13,114181,11273],{"href":114046},[15,114182,100707],{},[176,114184,114185],{},[264,114186,100632],{"href":99365},[2451,114188,114189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":114191},[114192,114193,114195,114196,114197,114198,114200,114206,114211,114218,114219,114230],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":112287,"depth":87,"text":114194},"What set.union() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":22505,"depth":87,"text":22506},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":112774,"depth":87,"text":114199},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112932,"depth":87,"text":114201,"children":114202},"Using union() with other iterables",[114203,114204,114205],{"id":112943,"depth":102,"text":112944},{"id":113063,"depth":102,"text":113064},{"id":113205,"depth":102,"text":113206},{"id":113343,"depth":87,"text":114207,"children":114208},"union() vs update()",[114209,114210],{"id":111557,"depth":102,"text":103087},{"id":30994,"depth":102,"text":15488},{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":114212},[114213,114215,114216,114217],{"id":113550,"depth":102,"text":114214},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113718,"depth":102,"text":113719},{"id":113787,"depth":102,"text":113788},{"id":113913,"depth":102,"text":113914},{"id":114011,"depth":87,"text":114012},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":114220},[114221,114223,114225,114227,114228],{"id":114108,"depth":102,"text":114222},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114115,"depth":102,"text":114224},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114124,"depth":102,"text":114226},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114135,"depth":102,"text":114136},{"id":114142,"depth":102,"text":114229},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112167,"description":114231},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114237,"title":114238,"body":114239,"description":116128,"extension":2509,"meta":116129,"navigation":105,"path":97101,"seo":116130,"stem":116131,"__hash__":116132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114240,"toc":116094},[114241,114246,114251,114259,114261,114319,114324,114329,114333,114345,114348,114422,114427,114429,114431,114450,114452,114469,114472,114499,114501,114571,114575,114577,114583,114585,114646,114651,114653,114710,114714,114719,114784,114786,114806,114813,114817,114822,114907,114910,114917,115020,115024,115029,115087,115090,115101,115115,115122,115180,115187,115190,115200,115204,115262,115266,115332,115335,115393,115400,115407,115410,115414,115423,115492,115496,115502,115590,115600,115604,115608,115612,115615,115676,115681,115738,115742,115744,115779,115786,115788,115842,115849,115853,115856,115921,115930,115936,115993,115995,116000,116004,116008,116011,116018,116026,116030,116035,116039,116045,116047,116082,116091],[10,114242,96488,114244,11854],{"id":114243},"python-set-update-method",[15,114245,15488],{},[20,114247,114248,114250],{},[15,114249,97602],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114252,114253,114254,114258],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[264,114255,114256],{"href":98788},[15,114257,96496],{},", which adds only one item.",[42,114260,4151],{"id":4150},[47,114262,114264],{"className":49,"code":114263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114265,114266,114282,114304,114314],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114267,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114269,1594],{"class":65},[56,114271,1217],{"class":827},[56,114273,11023],{"class":76},[56,114275,529],{"class":80},[56,114277,306],{"class":76},[56,114279,414],{"class":80},[56,114281,9841],{"class":76},[56,114283,114284,114286,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114285,1618],{"class":65},[56,114287,156],{"class":76},[56,114289,30994],{"class":95},[56,114291,3528],{"class":76},[56,114293,463],{"class":80},[56,114295,306],{"class":76},[56,114297,419],{"class":80},[56,114299,306],{"class":76},[56,114301,424],{"class":80},[56,114303,1294],{"class":76},[56,114305,114306,114308,114310,114312],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114307,373],{"class":72},[56,114309,77],{"class":76},[56,114311,1618],{"class":95},[56,114313,99],{"class":76},[56,114315,114316],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114317,114318],{"class":112},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114320,2638,114321,114323],{},[15,114322,15488],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[42,114325,160,114327,163],{"id":114326},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114328,97602],{},[20,114330,114331,1045],{},[15,114332,97602],{},[173,114334,114335,114338,114340,114343],{},[176,114336,114337],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[176,114339,96603],{},[176,114341,114342],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[176,114344,96606],{},[20,114346,114347],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[47,114349,114351],{"className":49,"code":114350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114352,114353,114377,114403,114407,114417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114354,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371,114373,114375],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114356,13609],{"class":65},[56,114358,1217],{"class":827},[56,114360,11023],{"class":76},[56,114362,1017],{"class":1016},[56,114364,13626],{"class":1020},[56,114366,1017],{"class":1016},[56,114368,306],{"class":76},[56,114370,1231],{"class":1016},[56,114372,13643],{"class":1020},[56,114374,1017],{"class":1016},[56,114376,9841],{"class":76},[56,114378,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114380,18037],{"class":65},[56,114382,156],{"class":76},[56,114384,30994],{"class":95},[56,114386,3528],{"class":76},[56,114388,1017],{"class":1016},[56,114390,13643],{"class":1020},[56,114392,1017],{"class":1016},[56,114394,306],{"class":76},[56,114396,1231],{"class":1016},[56,114398,17990],{"class":1020},[56,114400,1017],{"class":1016},[56,114402,1294],{"class":76},[56,114404,114405],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114406,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114408,114409,114411,114413,114415],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114410,373],{"class":72},[56,114412,77],{"class":76},[56,114414,18037],{"class":95},[56,114416,99],{"class":76},[56,114418,114419],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,114420,114421],{"class":112},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114423,21513,114424,114426],{},[15,114425,111322],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[42,114428,2702],{"id":2701},[20,114430,7750],{},[47,114432,114434],{"className":49,"code":114433,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114435,114436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114437,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114439,16201],{"class":65},[56,114441,156],{"class":76},[56,114443,30994],{"class":95},[56,114445,77],{"class":76},[56,114447,4261],{"class":95},[56,114449,99],{"class":76},[20,114451,80692],{},[173,114453,114454,114457,114460,114463,114466],{},[176,114455,114456],{},"A list",[176,114458,114459],{},"A tuple",[176,114461,114462],{},"Another set",[176,114464,114465],{},"A string",[176,114467,114468],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114470,114471],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[47,114473,114475],{"className":49,"code":114474,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114476,114477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114478,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114480,16201],{"class":65},[56,114482,156],{"class":76},[56,114484,30994],{"class":95},[56,114486,77],{"class":76},[56,114488,264],{"class":95},[56,114490,306],{"class":76},[56,114492,3103],{"class":95},[56,114494,306],{"class":76},[56,114496,10214],{"class":95},[56,114498,99],{"class":76},[20,114500,986],{},[47,114502,114504],{"className":49,"code":114503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114505,114506,114518,114552,114556,114566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114507,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114509,4364],{"class":65},[56,114511,1217],{"class":827},[56,114513,11023],{"class":76},[56,114515,529],{"class":80},[56,114517,9841],{"class":76},[56,114519,114520,114522,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114521,5898],{"class":65},[56,114523,156],{"class":76},[56,114525,30994],{"class":95},[56,114527,3528],{"class":76},[56,114529,463],{"class":80},[56,114531,306],{"class":76},[56,114533,419],{"class":80},[56,114535,18597],{"class":76},[56,114537,9768],{"class":76},[56,114539,1603],{"class":80},[56,114541,306],{"class":76},[56,114543,496],{"class":80},[56,114545,9765],{"class":76},[56,114547,11023],{"class":76},[56,114549,708],{"class":80},[56,114551,31026],{"class":76},[56,114553,114554],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114555,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114557,114558,114560,114562,114564],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114559,373],{"class":72},[56,114561,77],{"class":76},[56,114563,5898],{"class":95},[56,114565,99],{"class":76},[56,114567,114568],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,114569,114570],{"class":112},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114572,96612,114573,156],{},[264,114574,96620],{"href":98171},[42,114576,22506],{"id":22505},[20,114578,114579,2942,114581,156],{},[15,114580,97602],{},[15,114582,4319],{},[20,114584,12248],{},[47,114586,114588],{"className":49,"code":114587,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114589,114590,114606,114628,114632,114642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114591,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602,114604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114593,1594],{"class":65},[56,114595,1217],{"class":827},[56,114597,11023],{"class":76},[56,114599,529],{"class":80},[56,114601,306],{"class":76},[56,114603,414],{"class":80},[56,114605,9841],{"class":76},[56,114607,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114609,2775],{"class":65},[56,114611,1217],{"class":827},[56,114613,4804],{"class":65},[56,114615,156],{"class":76},[56,114617,30994],{"class":95},[56,114619,3528],{"class":76},[56,114621,223],{"class":80},[56,114623,306],{"class":76},[56,114625,424],{"class":80},[56,114627,1294],{"class":76},[56,114629,114630],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114631,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114633,114634,114636,114638,114640],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114635,373],{"class":72},[56,114637,77],{"class":76},[56,114639,2809],{"class":95},[56,114641,99],{"class":76},[56,114643,114644],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,114645,62329],{"class":112},[20,114647,114648,114649,156],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114650,2809],{},[20,114652,19503],{},[47,114654,114656],{"className":49,"code":114655,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114657,114658,114674,114692,114696,114706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114659,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114661,1594],{"class":65},[56,114663,1217],{"class":827},[56,114665,11023],{"class":76},[56,114667,529],{"class":80},[56,114669,306],{"class":76},[56,114671,414],{"class":80},[56,114673,9841],{"class":76},[56,114675,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114677,1618],{"class":65},[56,114679,156],{"class":76},[56,114681,30994],{"class":95},[56,114683,3528],{"class":76},[56,114685,223],{"class":80},[56,114687,306],{"class":76},[56,114689,424],{"class":80},[56,114691,1294],{"class":76},[56,114693,114694],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114695,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114697,114698,114700,114702,114704],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114699,373],{"class":72},[56,114701,77],{"class":76},[56,114703,1618],{"class":95},[56,114705,99],{"class":76},[56,114707,114708],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,114709,114318],{"class":112},[42,114711,114713],{"id":114712},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114715,114716,114717,156],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114718,15488],{},[47,114720,114722],{"className":49,"code":114721,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114723,114724,114740,114766,114770,114780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114725,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734,114736,114738],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114727,1594],{"class":65},[56,114729,1217],{"class":827},[56,114731,11023],{"class":76},[56,114733,529],{"class":80},[56,114735,306],{"class":76},[56,114737,414],{"class":80},[56,114739,9841],{"class":76},[56,114741,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114743,1618],{"class":65},[56,114745,156],{"class":76},[56,114747,30994],{"class":95},[56,114749,3528],{"class":76},[56,114751,463],{"class":80},[56,114753,306],{"class":76},[56,114755,419],{"class":80},[56,114757,306],{"class":76},[56,114759,424],{"class":80},[56,114761,306],{"class":76},[56,114763,424],{"class":80},[56,114765,1294],{"class":76},[56,114767,114768],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114769,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114771,114772,114774,114776,114778],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114773,373],{"class":72},[56,114775,77],{"class":76},[56,114777,1618],{"class":95},[56,114779,99],{"class":76},[56,114781,114782],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,114783,114318],{"class":112},[20,114785,12217],{},[173,114787,114788,114793,114800],{},[176,114789,114790,114792],{},[15,114791,463],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[176,114794,114795,4935,114797,114799],{},[15,114796,223],{},[15,114798,1603],{}," are added",[176,114801,114802,114803,114805],{},"The second ",[15,114804,1603],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114807,114808,114809,114812],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[264,114810,114811],{"href":99365},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[42,114814,114816],{"id":114815},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114818,8296,114819,114821],{},[15,114820,15488],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[47,114823,114825],{"className":49,"code":114824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114826,114827,114848,114869,114873,114889,114893,114903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114828,114829,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114830,114831],{"class":65},"set_a ",[56,114833,1217],{"class":827},[56,114835,11023],{"class":76},[56,114837,529],{"class":80},[56,114839,306],{"class":76},[56,114841,414],{"class":80},[56,114843,306],{"class":76},[56,114845,419],{"class":80},[56,114847,9841],{"class":76},[56,114849,114850,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114851,114852],{"class":65},"set_b ",[56,114854,1217],{"class":827},[56,114856,11023],{"class":76},[56,114858,223],{"class":80},[56,114860,306],{"class":76},[56,114862,424],{"class":80},[56,114864,306],{"class":76},[56,114866,496],{"class":80},[56,114868,9841],{"class":76},[56,114870,114871],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114872,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114874,114875,114878,114880,114882,114884,114887],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114876,114877],{"class":65},"set_a",[56,114879,156],{"class":76},[56,114881,30994],{"class":95},[56,114883,77],{"class":76},[56,114885,114886],{"class":95},"set_b",[56,114888,99],{"class":76},[56,114890,114891],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,114892,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114894,114895,114897,114899,114901],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,114896,373],{"class":72},[56,114898,77],{"class":76},[56,114900,114877],{"class":95},[56,114902,99],{"class":76},[56,114904,114905],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,114906,112279],{"class":112},[20,114908,114909],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114911,114912,114913,156],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[264,114914,114915],{"href":103084},[15,114916,108331],{},[47,114918,114920],{"className":49,"code":114919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114921,114922,114942,114962,114966,114986,114990,115001,115005,115015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114923,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938,114940],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114925,114831],{"class":65},[56,114927,1217],{"class":827},[56,114929,11023],{"class":76},[56,114931,529],{"class":80},[56,114933,306],{"class":76},[56,114935,414],{"class":80},[56,114937,306],{"class":76},[56,114939,419],{"class":80},[56,114941,9841],{"class":76},[56,114943,114944,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,114945,114852],{"class":65},[56,114947,1217],{"class":827},[56,114949,11023],{"class":76},[56,114951,223],{"class":80},[56,114953,306],{"class":76},[56,114955,424],{"class":80},[56,114957,306],{"class":76},[56,114959,496],{"class":80},[56,114961,9841],{"class":76},[56,114963,114964],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114965,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114967,114968,114971,114973,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,114969,114970],{"class":65},"combined ",[56,114972,1217],{"class":827},[56,114974,114975],{"class":65}," set_a",[56,114977,156],{"class":76},[56,114979,111557],{"class":95},[56,114981,77],{"class":76},[56,114983,114886],{"class":95},[56,114985,99],{"class":76},[56,114987,114988],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,114989,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,114991,114992,114994,114996,114999],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,114993,373],{"class":72},[56,114995,77],{"class":76},[56,114997,114998],{"class":95},"combined",[56,115000,99],{"class":76},[56,115002,115003],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,115004,112279],{"class":112},[56,115006,115007,115009,115011,115013],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,115008,373],{"class":72},[56,115010,77],{"class":76},[56,115012,114877],{"class":95},[56,115014,99],{"class":76},[56,115016,115017],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,115018,115019],{"class":112},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[42,115021,115023],{"id":115022},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115025,65238,115026,115028],{},[15,115027,15488],{}," adds each character separately.",[47,115030,115032],{"className":49,"code":115031,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115033,115034,115050,115068,115072,115082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115035,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046,115048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115037,36614],{"class":65},[56,115039,1217],{"class":827},[56,115041,11023],{"class":76},[56,115043,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115045,2719],{"class":1020},[56,115047,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115049,9841],{"class":76},[56,115051,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115053,36666],{"class":65},[56,115055,156],{"class":76},[56,115057,30994],{"class":95},[56,115059,77],{"class":76},[56,115061,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115063,37561],{"class":1020},[56,115065,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115067,99],{"class":76},[56,115069,115070],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115071,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115073,115074,115076,115078,115080],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115075,373],{"class":72},[56,115077,77],{"class":76},[56,115079,36666],{"class":95},[56,115081,99],{"class":76},[56,115083,115084],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115085,115086],{"class":112},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115088,115089],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115091,115092,14588,115095,115097,115098,115100],{},[15,115093,115094],{},"update(\"cat\")",[37,115096,5170],{}," add ",[15,115099,113324],{}," as one item. It adds:",[173,115102,115103,115107,115111],{},[176,115104,115105],{},[15,115106,66979],{},[176,115108,115109],{},[15,115110,18631],{},[176,115112,115113],{},[15,115114,113340],{},[20,115116,115117,115118,1045],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[264,115119,115120],{"href":98788},[15,115121,96496],{},[47,115123,115125],{"className":49,"code":115124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115126,115127,115143,115161,115165,115175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115128,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137,115139,115141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115130,4610],{"class":65},[56,115132,1217],{"class":827},[56,115134,11023],{"class":76},[56,115136,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115138,58627],{"class":1020},[56,115140,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115142,9841],{"class":76},[56,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115146,4654],{"class":65},[56,115148,156],{"class":76},[56,115150,82594],{"class":95},[56,115152,77],{"class":76},[56,115154,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115156,37561],{"class":1020},[56,115158,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115160,99],{"class":76},[56,115162,115163],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115164,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115166,115167,115169,115171,115173],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115168,373],{"class":72},[56,115170,77],{"class":76},[56,115172,4654],{"class":95},[56,115174,99],{"class":76},[56,115176,115177],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115178,115179],{"class":112},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[42,115181,115183,1682,115185],{"id":115182},"update-vs-add",[15,115184,15488],{},[15,115186,96491],{},[20,115188,115189],{},"The difference is simple:",[173,115191,115192,115196],{},[176,115193,115194,97090],{},[15,115195,96491],{},[176,115197,115198,97095],{},[15,115199,15488],{},[20,115201,46546,115202,1045],{},[15,115203,96491],{},[47,115205,115207],{"className":49,"code":115206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115208,115209,115225,115243,115247,115257],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115210,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221,115223],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115212,36756],{"class":65},[56,115214,1217],{"class":827},[56,115216,11023],{"class":76},[56,115218,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115220,4619],{"class":1020},[56,115222,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115224,9841],{"class":76},[56,115226,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115228,36808],{"class":65},[56,115230,156],{"class":76},[56,115232,82594],{"class":95},[56,115234,77],{"class":76},[56,115236,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115238,4628],{"class":1020},[56,115240,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115242,99],{"class":76},[56,115244,115245],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115246,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115248,115249,115251,115253,115255],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115250,373],{"class":72},[56,115252,77],{"class":76},[56,115254,36808],{"class":95},[56,115256,99],{"class":76},[56,115258,115259],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115260,115261],{"class":112},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115263,46546,115264,1045],{},[15,115265,15488],{},[47,115267,115269],{"className":49,"code":115268,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115270,115271,115287,115313,115317,115327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115272,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115274,36756],{"class":65},[56,115276,1217],{"class":827},[56,115278,11023],{"class":76},[56,115280,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115282,4619],{"class":1020},[56,115284,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115286,9841],{"class":76},[56,115288,115289,115291,115293,115295,115297,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115290,36808],{"class":65},[56,115292,156],{"class":76},[56,115294,30994],{"class":95},[56,115296,3528],{"class":76},[56,115298,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115300,4628],{"class":1020},[56,115302,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115304,306],{"class":76},[56,115306,1231],{"class":1016},[56,115308,33751],{"class":1020},[56,115310,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115312,1294],{"class":76},[56,115314,115315],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115316,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115318,115319,115321,115323,115325],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115320,373],{"class":72},[56,115322,77],{"class":76},[56,115324,36808],{"class":95},[56,115326,99],{"class":76},[56,115328,115329],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115330,115331],{"class":112},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115333,115334],{},"Important warning with strings:",[47,115336,115338],{"className":49,"code":115337,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115339,115340,115356,115374,115378,115388],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115341,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115343,36756],{"class":65},[56,115345,1217],{"class":827},[56,115347,11023],{"class":76},[56,115349,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115351,4619],{"class":1020},[56,115353,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115355,9841],{"class":76},[56,115357,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115359,36808],{"class":65},[56,115361,156],{"class":76},[56,115363,30994],{"class":95},[56,115365,77],{"class":76},[56,115367,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115369,38852],{"class":1020},[56,115371,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115373,99],{"class":76},[56,115375,115376],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115377,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115379,115380,115382,115384,115386],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115381,373],{"class":72},[56,115383,77],{"class":76},[56,115385,36808],{"class":95},[56,115387,99],{"class":76},[56,115389,115390],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115391,115392],{"class":112},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115394,62604,115395,62677,115398,7162],{},[15,115396,115397],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115399,96491],{},[42,115401,115403,1682,115405],{"id":115402},"update-vs-union",[15,115404,15488],{},[15,115406,103087],{},[20,115408,115409],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[353,115411,115412],{"id":30994},[15,115413,15488],{},[173,115415,115416,115419],{},[176,115417,115418],{},"Changes the existing set",[176,115420,11956,115421],{},[15,115422,4319],{},[47,115424,115426],{"className":49,"code":115425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115427,115428,115444,115460,115464,115478,115488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115429,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115431,3098],{"class":65},[56,115433,1217],{"class":827},[56,115435,11023],{"class":76},[56,115437,529],{"class":80},[56,115439,306],{"class":76},[56,115441,414],{"class":80},[56,115443,9841],{"class":76},[56,115445,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115447,3125],{"class":65},[56,115449,1217],{"class":827},[56,115451,11023],{"class":76},[56,115453,463],{"class":80},[56,115455,306],{"class":76},[56,115457,419],{"class":80},[56,115459,9841],{"class":76},[56,115461,115462],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115463,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115465,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474,115476],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115467,264],{"class":65},[56,115469,156],{"class":76},[56,115471,30994],{"class":95},[56,115473,77],{"class":76},[56,115475,1234],{"class":95},[56,115477,99],{"class":76},[56,115479,115480,115482,115484,115486],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115481,373],{"class":72},[56,115483,77],{"class":76},[56,115485,264],{"class":95},[56,115487,99],{"class":76},[56,115489,115490],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,115491,115019],{"class":112},[353,115493,115494],{"id":111557},[15,115495,103087],{},[173,115497,115498,115500],{},[176,115499,101625],{},[176,115501,101628],{},[47,115503,115505],{"className":49,"code":115504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115506,115507,115523,115539,115543,115561,115571,115575,115585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115508,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115510,3098],{"class":65},[56,115512,1217],{"class":827},[56,115514,11023],{"class":76},[56,115516,529],{"class":80},[56,115518,306],{"class":76},[56,115520,414],{"class":80},[56,115522,9841],{"class":76},[56,115524,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533,115535,115537],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115526,3125],{"class":65},[56,115528,1217],{"class":827},[56,115530,11023],{"class":76},[56,115532,463],{"class":80},[56,115534,306],{"class":76},[56,115536,419],{"class":80},[56,115538,9841],{"class":76},[56,115540,115541],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115542,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115544,115545,115547,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115546,83673],{"class":65},[56,115548,1217],{"class":827},[56,115550,57387],{"class":65},[56,115552,156],{"class":76},[56,115554,111557],{"class":95},[56,115556,77],{"class":76},[56,115558,1234],{"class":95},[56,115560,99],{"class":76},[56,115562,115563,115565,115567,115569],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115564,373],{"class":72},[56,115566,77],{"class":76},[56,115568,1243],{"class":95},[56,115570,99],{"class":76},[56,115572,115573],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,115574,115019],{"class":112},[56,115576,115577,115579,115581,115583],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,115578,373],{"class":72},[56,115580,77],{"class":76},[56,115582,264],{"class":95},[56,115584,99],{"class":76},[56,115586,115587],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,115588,115589],{"class":112},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115591,107973,115592,115594,115595,115599],{},[15,115593,15488],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[264,115596,115597],{"href":103084},[15,115598,103087],{}," when you want a new set.",[42,115601,115603],{"id":115602},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115605,11280,115606,156],{},[15,115607,97602],{},[353,115609,115611],{"id":115610},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115613,115614],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[47,115616,115618],{"className":49,"code":115617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115619,115620,115636,115658,115662,115672],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115621,115622,115624,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115623,16163],{"class":65},[56,115625,1217],{"class":827},[56,115627,11023],{"class":76},[56,115629,529],{"class":80},[56,115631,306],{"class":76},[56,115633,414],{"class":80},[56,115635,9841],{"class":76},[56,115637,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646,115648,115650,115652,115654,115656],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115639,2775],{"class":65},[56,115641,1217],{"class":827},[56,115643,97212],{"class":65},[56,115645,156],{"class":76},[56,115647,30994],{"class":95},[56,115649,3528],{"class":76},[56,115651,223],{"class":80},[56,115653,306],{"class":76},[56,115655,424],{"class":80},[56,115657,1294],{"class":76},[56,115659,115660],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115661,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115663,115664,115666,115668,115670],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115665,373],{"class":72},[56,115667,77],{"class":76},[56,115669,2809],{"class":95},[56,115671,99],{"class":76},[56,115673,115674],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115675,62329],{"class":112},[20,115677,115678,115679,1045],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115680,15488],{},[47,115682,115684],{"className":49,"code":115683,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115685,115686,115702,115720,115724,115734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115687,115688,115690,115692,115694,115696,115698,115700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115689,16163],{"class":65},[56,115691,1217],{"class":827},[56,115693,11023],{"class":76},[56,115695,529],{"class":80},[56,115697,306],{"class":76},[56,115699,414],{"class":80},[56,115701,9841],{"class":76},[56,115703,115704,115706,115708,115710,115712,115714,115716,115718],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115705,16201],{"class":65},[56,115707,156],{"class":76},[56,115709,30994],{"class":95},[56,115711,3528],{"class":76},[56,115713,223],{"class":80},[56,115715,306],{"class":76},[56,115717,424],{"class":80},[56,115719,1294],{"class":76},[56,115721,115722],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115723,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115725,115726,115728,115730,115732],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115727,373],{"class":72},[56,115729,77],{"class":76},[56,115731,16201],{"class":95},[56,115733,99],{"class":76},[56,115735,115736],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115737,114318],{"class":112},[353,115739,115741],{"id":115740},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115743,924],{},[47,115745,115747],{"className":49,"code":115746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115748,115749,115765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115750,115751,115753,115755,115757,115759,115761,115763],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115752,16163],{"class":65},[56,115754,1217],{"class":827},[56,115756,11023],{"class":76},[56,115758,529],{"class":80},[56,115760,306],{"class":76},[56,115762,414],{"class":80},[56,115764,9841],{"class":76},[56,115766,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775,115777],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115768,16201],{"class":65},[56,115770,156],{"class":76},[56,115772,30994],{"class":95},[56,115774,77],{"class":76},[56,115776,81],{"class":80},[56,115778,99],{"class":76},[20,115780,62783,115781,9132,115783,115785],{},[15,115782,3547],{},[15,115784,81],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115787,7085],{},[47,115789,115791],{"className":49,"code":115790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115792,115793,115809,115823,115827,115837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115794,115795,115797,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115796,16163],{"class":65},[56,115798,1217],{"class":827},[56,115800,11023],{"class":76},[56,115802,529],{"class":80},[56,115804,306],{"class":76},[56,115806,414],{"class":80},[56,115808,9841],{"class":76},[56,115810,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115812,16201],{"class":65},[56,115814,156],{"class":76},[56,115816,30994],{"class":95},[56,115818,3528],{"class":76},[56,115820,81],{"class":80},[56,115822,1294],{"class":76},[56,115824,115825],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115826,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115828,115829,115831,115833,115835],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115830,373],{"class":72},[56,115832,77],{"class":76},[56,115834,16201],{"class":95},[56,115836,99],{"class":76},[56,115838,115839],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115840,115841],{"class":112},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115843,46419,115844,156],{},[264,115845,26212,115846],{"href":53101},[15,115847,115848],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[353,115850,115852],{"id":115851},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115854,115855],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[47,115857,115859],{"className":49,"code":115858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115860,115861,115877,115903,115907,115917],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115862,115863,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873,115875],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115864,16163],{"class":65},[56,115866,1217],{"class":827},[56,115868,11023],{"class":76},[56,115870,529],{"class":80},[56,115872,306],{"class":76},[56,115874,414],{"class":80},[56,115876,9841],{"class":76},[56,115878,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115880,16201],{"class":65},[56,115882,156],{"class":76},[56,115884,30994],{"class":95},[56,115886,3528],{"class":76},[56,115888,463],{"class":80},[56,115890,306],{"class":76},[56,115892,414],{"class":80},[56,115894,306],{"class":76},[56,115896,414],{"class":80},[56,115898,306],{"class":76},[56,115900,419],{"class":80},[56,115902,1294],{"class":76},[56,115904,115905],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115906,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115908,115909,115911,115913,115915],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115910,373],{"class":72},[56,115912,77],{"class":76},[56,115914,16201],{"class":95},[56,115916,99],{"class":76},[56,115918,115919],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115920,115019],{"class":112},[353,115922,115924,115925,45137,115927,115929],{"id":115923},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115926,15488],{},[15,115928,96491],{}," is better",[20,115931,115932,115933,115935],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115934,96491],{}," is usually the better choice.",[47,115937,115939],{"className":49,"code":115938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115940,115941,115957,115975,115979,115989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115942,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115944,16163],{"class":65},[56,115946,1217],{"class":827},[56,115948,11023],{"class":76},[56,115950,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115952,58627],{"class":1020},[56,115954,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115956,9841],{"class":76},[56,115958,115959,115961,115963,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,115960,16201],{"class":65},[56,115962,156],{"class":76},[56,115964,82594],{"class":95},[56,115966,77],{"class":76},[56,115968,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115970,37561],{"class":1020},[56,115972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,115974,99],{"class":76},[56,115976,115977],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115978,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,115980,115981,115983,115985,115987],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,115982,373],{"class":72},[56,115984,77],{"class":76},[56,115986,16201],{"class":95},[56,115988,99],{"class":76},[56,115990,115991],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,115992,115179],{"class":112},[42,115994,2343],{"id":2342},[353,115996,2347,115998,97581],{"id":115997},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115999,97602],{},[20,116001,97584,116002,156],{},[15,116003,4319],{},[353,116005,28859,116006,32757],{"id":32754},[15,116007,15488],{},[20,116009,116010],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[353,116012,5718,116014,4935,116016,2363],{"id":116013},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116015,96491],{},[15,116017,15488],{},[20,116019,116020,116022,116023,116025],{},[15,116021,96491],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116024,15488],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[353,116027,116029],{"id":116028},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116031,116032,116033,115028],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116034,15488],{},[353,116036,116038],{"id":116037},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116040,2638,116041,11624,116043,156],{},[15,116042,103087],{},[15,116044,15488],{},[42,116046,2417],{"id":2416},[173,116048,116049,116056,116063,116069,116075],{},[176,116050,116051],{},[264,116052,116053],{"href":98788},[15,116054,116055],{},"Python set add() method",[176,116057,116058],{},[264,116059,116060],{"href":103084},[15,116061,116062],{},"Python set union() method",[176,116064,116065],{},[264,116066,116067],{"href":98171},[15,116068,97626],{},[176,116070,116071],{},[264,116072,116073],{"href":99365},[15,116074,100632],{},[176,116076,116077],{},[264,116078,116079,116081],{"href":53101},[15,116080,115848],{}," fix",[20,116083,116084,116085,116087,116088,116090],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116086,96496],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116089,108331],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2451,116092,116093],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":116095},[116096,116097,116099,116100,116101,116102,116103,116104,116106,116111,116118,116127],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":114326,"depth":87,"text":116098},"What set.update() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":22505,"depth":87,"text":22506},{"id":114712,"depth":87,"text":114713},{"id":114815,"depth":87,"text":114816},{"id":115022,"depth":87,"text":115023},{"id":115182,"depth":87,"text":116105},"update() vs add()",{"id":115402,"depth":87,"text":116107,"children":116108},"update() vs union()",[116109,116110],{"id":30994,"depth":102,"text":15488},{"id":111557,"depth":102,"text":103087},{"id":115602,"depth":87,"text":115603,"children":116112},[116113,116114,116115,116116],{"id":115610,"depth":102,"text":115611},{"id":115740,"depth":102,"text":115741},{"id":115851,"depth":102,"text":115852},{"id":115923,"depth":102,"text":116117},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":116119},[116120,116122,116123,116125,116126],{"id":115997,"depth":102,"text":116121},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32754,"depth":102,"text":32827},{"id":116013,"depth":102,"text":116124},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116028,"depth":102,"text":116029},{"id":116037,"depth":102,"text":116038},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114238,"description":116128},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116134,"title":116135,"body":116136,"description":117902,"extension":2509,"meta":117903,"navigation":105,"path":14324,"seo":117904,"stem":117905,"__hash__":117906},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116137,"toc":117877},[116138,116141,116144,116147,116158,116166,116169,116171,116320,116332,116336,116353,116357,116365,116367,116378,116380,116477,116483,116486,116582,116591,116596,116600,116605,116607,116617,116619,116728,116736,116740,116743,116746,116763,116769,116849,116852,116856,116859,116863,116866,116925,116928,116932,116935,117027,117031,117034,117141,117145,117151,117179,117181,117263,117273,117277,117280,117291,117294,117379,117382,117387,117391,117394,117405,117408,117550,117553,117557,117560,117574,117577,117638,117644,117646,117649,117671,117674,117774,117777,117809,117811,117815,117818,117820,117823,117827,117830,117834,117837,117841,117844,117846,117874],[10,116139,116135],{"id":116140},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116142,116143],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116145,116146],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[173,116148,116149,116152,116155],{},[176,116150,116151],{},"a list inside another list",[176,116153,116154],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[176,116156,116157],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116159,100554,116160,4935,116162,116165],{},[37,116161,13384],{},[37,116163,116164],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116167,116168],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[42,116170,45],{"id":44},[47,116172,116174],{"className":49,"code":116173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116175,116176,116183,116187,116213,116233,116253,116257,116275,116279,116292,116306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116177,116178,116180],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116179,35620],{"class":62},[56,116181,116182],{"class":65}," copy\n",[56,116184,116185],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,116186,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116188,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116190,12620],{"class":65},[56,116192,1217],{"class":827},[56,116194,56793],{"class":76},[56,116196,529],{"class":80},[56,116198,306],{"class":76},[56,116200,414],{"class":80},[56,116202,18597],{"class":76},[56,116204,1220],{"class":76},[56,116206,223],{"class":80},[56,116208,306],{"class":76},[56,116210,424],{"class":80},[56,116212,53744],{"class":76},[56,116214,116215,116218,116220,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,116216,116217],{"class":65},"shallow ",[56,116219,1217],{"class":827},[56,116221,116222],{"class":65}," copy",[56,116224,156],{"class":76},[56,116226,13445],{"class":95},[56,116228,77],{"class":76},[56,116230,12667],{"class":95},[56,116232,99],{"class":76},[56,116234,116235,116238,116240,116242,116244,116247,116249,116251],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,116236,116237],{"class":65},"deep ",[56,116239,1217],{"class":827},[56,116241,116222],{"class":65},[56,116243,156],{"class":76},[56,116245,116246],{"class":95},"deepcopy",[56,116248,77],{"class":76},[56,116250,12667],{"class":95},[56,116252,99],{"class":76},[56,116254,116255],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,116256,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116258,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,116260,12667],{"class":65},[56,116262,402],{"class":76},[56,116264,152],{"class":80},[56,116266,14084],{"class":76},[56,116268,14087],{"class":95},[56,116270,77],{"class":76},[56,116272,56846],{"class":80},[56,116274,99],{"class":76},[56,116276,116277],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,116278,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,116282,373],{"class":72},[56,116284,77],{"class":76},[56,116286,12667],{"class":95},[56,116288,4202],{"class":76},[56,116290,116291],{"class":112},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[56,116293,116294,116296,116298,116301,116303],{"class":58,"line":6967},[56,116295,373],{"class":72},[56,116297,77],{"class":76},[56,116299,116300],{"class":95},"shallow",[56,116302,4202],{"class":76},[56,116304,116305],{"class":112},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[56,116307,116308,116310,116312,116315,116317],{"class":58,"line":12128},[56,116309,373],{"class":72},[56,116311,77],{"class":76},[56,116313,116314],{"class":95},"deep",[56,116316,4202],{"class":76},[56,116318,116319],{"class":112},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116321,2638,116322,116325,116326,4935,116328,116331],{},[15,116323,116324],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[37,116327,13384],{},[15,116329,116330],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[42,116333,116335],{"id":116334},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[173,116337,116338,116341,116344,116347,116350],{},[176,116339,116340],{},"What a copy means in Python",[176,116342,116343],{},"How shallow copy works",[176,116345,116346],{},"How deep copy works",[176,116348,116349],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[176,116351,116352],{},"When to use each approach",[42,116354,116356],{"id":116355},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116358,15723,116359,116361,116362,116364],{},[37,116360,13384],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[37,116363,5170],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116366,2653],{},[173,116368,116369,116372,116375],{},[176,116370,116371],{},"the outer container is new",[176,116373,116374],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[176,116376,116377],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116379,986],{},[47,116381,116383],{"className":49,"code":116382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116384,116385,116411,116425,116429,116447,116451,116464],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116386,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116388,12620],{"class":65},[56,116390,1217],{"class":827},[56,116392,56793],{"class":76},[56,116394,529],{"class":80},[56,116396,306],{"class":76},[56,116398,414],{"class":80},[56,116400,18597],{"class":76},[56,116402,1220],{"class":76},[56,116404,223],{"class":80},[56,116406,306],{"class":76},[56,116408,424],{"class":80},[56,116410,53744],{"class":76},[56,116412,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,116414,14846],{"class":65},[56,116416,1217],{"class":827},[56,116418,12695],{"class":65},[56,116420,156],{"class":76},[56,116422,13445],{"class":95},[56,116424,9174],{"class":76},[56,116426,116427],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116428,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116430,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,116432,14865],{"class":65},[56,116434,156],{"class":76},[56,116436,14087],{"class":95},[56,116438,3528],{"class":76},[56,116440,81],{"class":80},[56,116442,306],{"class":76},[56,116444,468],{"class":80},[56,116446,1294],{"class":76},[56,116448,116449],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,116450,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116452,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,116454,373],{"class":72},[56,116456,77],{"class":76},[56,116458,12667],{"class":95},[56,116460,4202],{"class":76},[56,116462,116463],{"class":112},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[56,116465,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,116467,373],{"class":72},[56,116469,77],{"class":76},[56,116471,14865],{"class":95},[56,116473,4202],{"class":76},[56,116475,116476],{"class":112},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116478,116479,116480,116482],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116481,14865],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116484,116485],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[47,116487,116489],{"className":49,"code":116488,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116490,116491,116517,116531,116535,116553,116557,116569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116492,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116494,12620],{"class":65},[56,116496,1217],{"class":827},[56,116498,56793],{"class":76},[56,116500,529],{"class":80},[56,116502,306],{"class":76},[56,116504,414],{"class":80},[56,116506,18597],{"class":76},[56,116508,1220],{"class":76},[56,116510,223],{"class":80},[56,116512,306],{"class":76},[56,116514,424],{"class":80},[56,116516,53744],{"class":76},[56,116518,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,116520,14846],{"class":65},[56,116522,1217],{"class":827},[56,116524,12695],{"class":65},[56,116526,156],{"class":76},[56,116528,13445],{"class":95},[56,116530,9174],{"class":76},[56,116532,116533],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116534,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116536,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116551],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,116538,14865],{"class":65},[56,116540,402],{"class":76},[56,116542,152],{"class":80},[56,116544,14084],{"class":76},[56,116546,14087],{"class":95},[56,116548,77],{"class":76},[56,116550,56846],{"class":80},[56,116552,99],{"class":76},[56,116554,116555],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,116556,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116558,116559,116561,116563,116565,116567],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,116560,373],{"class":72},[56,116562,77],{"class":76},[56,116564,12667],{"class":95},[56,116566,4202],{"class":76},[56,116568,116291],{"class":112},[56,116570,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,116572,373],{"class":72},[56,116574,77],{"class":76},[56,116576,14865],{"class":95},[56,116578,4202],{"class":76},[56,116580,116581],{"class":112},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116583,116584,116585,4935,116587,116590],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116586,56950],{},[15,116588,116589],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116592,116593,116594,156],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[264,116595,44443],{"href":12599},[42,116597,116599],{"id":116598},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116601,15723,116602,116604],{},[37,116603,116164],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116606,2653],{},[173,116608,116609,116611,116614],{},[176,116610,116371],{},[176,116612,116613],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[176,116615,116616],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116618,986],{},[47,116620,116622],{"className":49,"code":116621,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116623,116624,116630,116634,116660,116678,116682,116700,116704,116716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116625,116626,116628],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116627,35620],{"class":62},[56,116629,116182],{"class":65},[56,116631,116632],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,116633,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116635,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116637,12620],{"class":65},[56,116639,1217],{"class":827},[56,116641,56793],{"class":76},[56,116643,529],{"class":80},[56,116645,306],{"class":76},[56,116647,414],{"class":80},[56,116649,18597],{"class":76},[56,116651,1220],{"class":76},[56,116653,223],{"class":80},[56,116655,306],{"class":76},[56,116657,424],{"class":80},[56,116659,53744],{"class":76},[56,116661,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,116663,14846],{"class":65},[56,116665,1217],{"class":827},[56,116667,116222],{"class":65},[56,116669,156],{"class":76},[56,116671,116246],{"class":95},[56,116673,77],{"class":76},[56,116675,12667],{"class":95},[56,116677,99],{"class":76},[56,116679,116680],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,116681,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116683,116684,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,116685,14865],{"class":65},[56,116687,402],{"class":76},[56,116689,152],{"class":80},[56,116691,14084],{"class":76},[56,116693,14087],{"class":95},[56,116695,77],{"class":76},[56,116697,56846],{"class":80},[56,116699,99],{"class":76},[56,116701,116702],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,116703,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116705,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,116707,373],{"class":72},[56,116709,77],{"class":76},[56,116711,12667],{"class":95},[56,116713,4202],{"class":76},[56,116715,116463],{"class":112},[56,116717,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,116719,373],{"class":72},[56,116721,77],{"class":76},[56,116723,14865],{"class":95},[56,116725,4202],{"class":76},[56,116727,116581],{"class":112},[20,116729,116730,116731,116733,116734,156],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116732,116589],{}," does not change ",[15,116735,56950],{},[42,116737,116739],{"id":116738},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116741,116742],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116744,116745],{},"Common reasons:",[173,116747,116748,116751,116754,116760],{},[176,116749,116750],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[176,116752,116753],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[176,116755,116756,116757,116759],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116758,1217],{}," does not make a copy",[176,116761,116762],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116764,116765,116766,116768],{},"For example, this does ",[37,116767,5170],{}," create a copy:",[47,116770,116772],{"className":49,"code":116771,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116773,116774,116794,116802,116806,116820,116824,116836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116775,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116777,12620],{"class":65},[56,116779,1217],{"class":827},[56,116781,1220],{"class":76},[56,116783,529],{"class":80},[56,116785,306],{"class":76},[56,116787,414],{"class":80},[56,116789,306],{"class":76},[56,116791,419],{"class":80},[56,116793,427],{"class":76},[56,116795,116796,116798,116800],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,116797,14846],{"class":65},[56,116799,1217],{"class":827},[56,116801,12658],{"class":65},[56,116803,116804],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116805,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116807,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,116809,14865],{"class":65},[56,116811,156],{"class":76},[56,116813,14087],{"class":95},[56,116815,77],{"class":76},[56,116817,1603],{"class":80},[56,116819,99],{"class":76},[56,116821,116822],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,116823,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116825,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,116827,373],{"class":72},[56,116829,77],{"class":76},[56,116831,12667],{"class":95},[56,116833,4202],{"class":76},[56,116835,56200],{"class":112},[56,116837,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,116839,373],{"class":72},[56,116841,77],{"class":76},[56,116843,14865],{"class":95},[56,116845,4202],{"class":76},[56,116847,116848],{"class":112},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116850,116851],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[42,116853,116855],{"id":116854},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116857,116858],{},"These three ideas are different.",[353,116860,116862],{"id":116861},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116864,116865],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[47,116867,116869],{"className":49,"code":116868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116870,116871,116897,116905,116909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116872,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116874,12620],{"class":65},[56,116876,1217],{"class":827},[56,116878,56793],{"class":76},[56,116880,529],{"class":80},[56,116882,306],{"class":76},[56,116884,414],{"class":80},[56,116886,18597],{"class":76},[56,116888,1220],{"class":76},[56,116890,223],{"class":80},[56,116892,306],{"class":76},[56,116894,424],{"class":80},[56,116896,53744],{"class":76},[56,116898,116899,116901,116903],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,116900,14637],{"class":65},[56,116902,1217],{"class":827},[56,116904,12658],{"class":65},[56,116906,116907],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116908,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116910,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921,116923],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,116912,373],{"class":72},[56,116914,77],{"class":76},[56,116916,12620],{"class":95},[56,116918,1176],{"class":62},[56,116920,14705],{"class":95},[56,116922,4202],{"class":76},[56,116924,4205],{"class":112},[20,116926,116927],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[353,116929,116931],{"id":116930},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116933,116934],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[47,116936,116938],{"className":49,"code":116937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116939,116940,116966,116980,116984,117001],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116941,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116943,12620],{"class":65},[56,116945,1217],{"class":827},[56,116947,56793],{"class":76},[56,116949,529],{"class":80},[56,116951,306],{"class":76},[56,116953,414],{"class":80},[56,116955,18597],{"class":76},[56,116957,1220],{"class":76},[56,116959,223],{"class":80},[56,116961,306],{"class":76},[56,116963,424],{"class":80},[56,116965,53744],{"class":76},[56,116967,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,116969,116217],{"class":65},[56,116971,1217],{"class":827},[56,116973,12695],{"class":65},[56,116975,156],{"class":76},[56,116977,13445],{"class":95},[56,116979,9174],{"class":76},[56,116981,116982],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116983,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,116985,116986,116988,116990,116992,116994,116997,116999],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,116987,373],{"class":72},[56,116989,77],{"class":76},[56,116991,12620],{"class":95},[56,116993,1176],{"class":62},[56,116995,116996],{"class":95}," shallow",[56,116998,4202],{"class":76},[56,117000,21736],{"class":112},[56,117002,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117004,373],{"class":72},[56,117006,77],{"class":76},[56,117008,12667],{"class":95},[56,117010,402],{"class":76},[56,117012,152],{"class":80},[56,117014,13807],{"class":76},[56,117016,8628],{"class":62},[56,117018,116996],{"class":95},[56,117020,402],{"class":76},[56,117022,152],{"class":80},[56,117024,20981],{"class":76},[56,117026,4205],{"class":112},[353,117028,117030],{"id":117029},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117032,117033],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[47,117035,117037],{"className":49,"code":117036,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117038,117039,117045,117049,117075,117093,117097,117115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117040,117041,117043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117042,35620],{"class":62},[56,117044,116182],{"class":65},[56,117046,117047],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,117048,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117050,117051,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117052,12620],{"class":65},[56,117054,1217],{"class":827},[56,117056,56793],{"class":76},[56,117058,529],{"class":80},[56,117060,306],{"class":76},[56,117062,414],{"class":80},[56,117064,18597],{"class":76},[56,117066,1220],{"class":76},[56,117068,223],{"class":80},[56,117070,306],{"class":76},[56,117072,424],{"class":80},[56,117074,53744],{"class":76},[56,117076,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,117078,116237],{"class":65},[56,117080,1217],{"class":827},[56,117082,116222],{"class":65},[56,117084,156],{"class":76},[56,117086,116246],{"class":95},[56,117088,77],{"class":76},[56,117090,12667],{"class":95},[56,117092,99],{"class":76},[56,117094,117095],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117096,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117098,117099,117101,117103,117105,117107,117110,117112],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,117100,373],{"class":72},[56,117102,77],{"class":76},[56,117104,12620],{"class":95},[56,117106,1176],{"class":62},[56,117108,117109],{"class":95}," deep",[56,117111,4202],{"class":76},[56,117113,117114],{"class":112},"         # False\n",[56,117116,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,117118,373],{"class":72},[56,117120,77],{"class":76},[56,117122,12667],{"class":95},[56,117124,402],{"class":76},[56,117126,152],{"class":80},[56,117128,13807],{"class":76},[56,117130,8628],{"class":62},[56,117132,117109],{"class":95},[56,117134,402],{"class":76},[56,117136,152],{"class":80},[56,117138,20981],{"class":76},[56,117140,44379],{"class":112},[42,117142,117144],{"id":117143},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117146,117147,117148,1045],{},"These all make ",[37,117149,117150],{},"shallow copies",[173,117152,117153,117157,117161,117166,117172],{},[176,117154,117155],{},[15,117156,56100],{},[176,117158,117159],{},[15,117160,12968],{},[176,117162,117163],{},[15,117164,117165],{},"set.copy()",[176,117167,117168,117169],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117170,117171],{},"my_list[:]",[176,117173,117174,117176,117177,35610],{},[15,117175,116324],{}," from the ",[15,117178,13445],{},[20,117180,2671],{},[47,117182,117184],{"className":49,"code":117183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117185,117186,117206,117210,117224,117235,117239,117251],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117187,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117189,1594],{"class":65},[56,117191,1217],{"class":827},[56,117193,1220],{"class":76},[56,117195,529],{"class":80},[56,117197,306],{"class":76},[56,117199,414],{"class":80},[56,117201,306],{"class":76},[56,117203,419],{"class":80},[56,117205,427],{"class":76},[56,117207,117208],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,117209,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117211,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117213,3098],{"class":65},[56,117215,1217],{"class":827},[56,117217,4804],{"class":65},[56,117219,156],{"class":76},[56,117221,13445],{"class":95},[56,117223,9174],{"class":76},[56,117225,117226,117228,117230,117232],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,117227,3125],{"class":65},[56,117229,1217],{"class":827},[56,117231,4804],{"class":65},[56,117233,117234],{"class":76},"[:]\n",[56,117236,117237],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117238,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117240,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,117242,373],{"class":72},[56,117244,77],{"class":76},[56,117246,264],{"class":95},[56,117248,4202],{"class":76},[56,117250,55431],{"class":112},[56,117252,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,117254,373],{"class":72},[56,117256,77],{"class":76},[56,117258,1234],{"class":95},[56,117260,4202],{"class":76},[56,117262,55431],{"class":112},[20,117264,73636,117265,48038,117269,156],{},[264,117266,117267,11273],{"href":55459},[15,117268,56100],{},[264,117270,117271,11273],{"href":12965},[15,117272,12968],{},[42,117274,117276],{"id":117275},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117278,117279],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[173,117281,117282,117285,117288],{},[176,117283,117284],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[176,117286,117287],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[176,117289,117290],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117292,117293],{},"Example with a flat list:",[47,117295,117297],{"className":49,"code":117296,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117298,117299,117319,117333,117337,117351,117355,117367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117300,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117302,12620],{"class":65},[56,117304,1217],{"class":827},[56,117306,1220],{"class":76},[56,117308,529],{"class":80},[56,117310,306],{"class":76},[56,117312,414],{"class":80},[56,117314,306],{"class":76},[56,117316,419],{"class":80},[56,117318,427],{"class":76},[56,117320,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,117322,14846],{"class":65},[56,117324,1217],{"class":827},[56,117326,12695],{"class":65},[56,117328,156],{"class":76},[56,117330,13445],{"class":95},[56,117332,9174],{"class":76},[56,117334,117335],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117336,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117338,117339,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,117340,14865],{"class":65},[56,117342,156],{"class":76},[56,117344,14087],{"class":95},[56,117346,77],{"class":76},[56,117348,1603],{"class":80},[56,117350,99],{"class":76},[56,117352,117353],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117354,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117356,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,117358,373],{"class":72},[56,117360,77],{"class":76},[56,117362,12667],{"class":95},[56,117364,4202],{"class":76},[56,117366,55431],{"class":112},[56,117368,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,117370,373],{"class":72},[56,117372,77],{"class":76},[56,117374,14865],{"class":95},[56,117376,4202],{"class":76},[56,117378,116848],{"class":112},[20,117380,117381],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117383,117384,117385,156],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[264,117386,15423],{"href":57719},[42,117388,117390],{"id":117389},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117392,117393],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[173,117395,117396,117399,117402],{},[176,117397,117398],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[176,117400,117401],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[176,117403,117404],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117406,117407],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[47,117409,117411],{"className":49,"code":117410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117412,117413,117419,117423,117449,117463,117481,117485,117507,117511,117524,117537],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117414,117415,117417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117416,35620],{"class":62},[56,117418,116182],{"class":65},[56,117420,117421],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,117422,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117424,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117426,12620],{"class":65},[56,117428,1217],{"class":827},[56,117430,11023],{"class":76},[56,117432,1017],{"class":1016},[56,117434,16924],{"class":1020},[56,117436,1017],{"class":1016},[56,117438,1045],{"class":76},[56,117440,1220],{"class":76},[56,117442,2291],{"class":80},[56,117444,306],{"class":76},[56,117446,8323],{"class":80},[56,117448,14240],{"class":76},[56,117450,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459,117461],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,117452,116217],{"class":65},[56,117454,1217],{"class":827},[56,117456,12695],{"class":65},[56,117458,156],{"class":76},[56,117460,13445],{"class":95},[56,117462,9174],{"class":76},[56,117464,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117466,116237],{"class":65},[56,117468,1217],{"class":827},[56,117470,116222],{"class":65},[56,117472,156],{"class":76},[56,117474,116246],{"class":95},[56,117476,77],{"class":76},[56,117478,12667],{"class":95},[56,117480,99],{"class":76},[56,117482,117483],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,117484,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117486,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,117488,12667],{"class":65},[56,117490,402],{"class":76},[56,117492,1017],{"class":1016},[56,117494,16924],{"class":1020},[56,117496,1017],{"class":1016},[56,117498,14084],{"class":76},[56,117500,14087],{"class":95},[56,117502,77],{"class":76},[56,117504,37355],{"class":80},[56,117506,99],{"class":76},[56,117508,117509],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,117510,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117512,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,117514,373],{"class":72},[56,117516,77],{"class":76},[56,117518,12667],{"class":95},[56,117520,4202],{"class":76},[56,117522,117523],{"class":112},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[56,117525,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534],{"class":58,"line":6967},[56,117527,373],{"class":72},[56,117529,77],{"class":76},[56,117531,116300],{"class":95},[56,117533,4202],{"class":76},[56,117535,117536],{"class":112},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[56,117538,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547],{"class":58,"line":12128},[56,117540,373],{"class":72},[56,117542,77],{"class":76},[56,117544,116314],{"class":95},[56,117546,4202],{"class":76},[56,117548,117549],{"class":112},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117551,117552],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[42,117554,117556],{"id":117555},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117558,117559],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[173,117561,117562,117565,117568,117571],{},[176,117563,117564],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[176,117566,117567],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[176,117569,117570],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[176,117572,117573],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117575,117576],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[47,117578,117580],{"className":49,"code":117579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117581,117582,117590,117598,117602,117610,117614,117626],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117583,117584,117586,117588],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117585,3098],{"class":65},[56,117587,1217],{"class":827},[56,117589,3130],{"class":80},[56,117591,117592,117594,117596],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,117593,3125],{"class":65},[56,117595,1217],{"class":827},[56,117597,1308],{"class":65},[56,117599,117600],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117601,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117603,117604,117606,117608],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,117605,3125],{"class":65},[56,117607,1217],{"class":827},[56,117609,15149],{"class":80},[56,117611,117612],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117613,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117615,117616,117618,117620,117622,117624],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,117617,373],{"class":72},[56,117619,77],{"class":76},[56,117621,264],{"class":95},[56,117623,4202],{"class":76},[56,117625,27325],{"class":112},[56,117627,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,117629,373],{"class":72},[56,117631,77],{"class":76},[56,117633,1234],{"class":95},[56,117635,4202],{"class":76},[56,117637,28146],{"class":112},[20,117639,93796,117640,117643],{},[264,117641,117642],{"href":12599},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[42,117645,3374],{"id":3373},[20,117647,117648],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[173,117650,117651,117655,117660,117665,117668],{},[176,117652,958,117653,57283],{},[15,117654,1217],{},[176,117656,958,117657,117659],{},[15,117658,56100],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[176,117661,958,117662,117664],{},[15,117663,12968],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[176,117666,117667],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[176,117669,117670],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117672,117673],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[47,117675,117677],{"className":49,"code":117676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117678,117679,117693,117707,117729,117760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117680,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117682,373],{"class":72},[56,117684,77],{"class":76},[56,117686,12620],{"class":95},[56,117688,1176],{"class":62},[56,117690,14919],{"class":95},[56,117692,99],{"class":76},[56,117694,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,117696,373],{"class":72},[56,117698,77],{"class":76},[56,117700,12620],{"class":95},[56,117702,5228],{"class":827},[56,117704,14919],{"class":95},[56,117706,99],{"class":76},[56,117708,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117710,373],{"class":72},[56,117712,77],{"class":76},[56,117714,13183],{"class":72},[56,117716,77],{"class":76},[56,117718,12667],{"class":95},[56,117720,9765],{"class":76},[56,117722,15351],{"class":72},[56,117724,77],{"class":76},[56,117726,14865],{"class":95},[56,117728,1635],{"class":76},[56,117730,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,117732,373],{"class":72},[56,117734,77],{"class":76},[56,117736,13183],{"class":72},[56,117738,77],{"class":76},[56,117740,12667],{"class":95},[56,117742,402],{"class":76},[56,117744,152],{"class":80},[56,117746,117747],{"class":76},"]),",[56,117749,15351],{"class":72},[56,117751,77],{"class":76},[56,117753,14865],{"class":95},[56,117755,402],{"class":76},[56,117757,152],{"class":80},[56,117759,3541],{"class":76},[56,117761,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117763,373],{"class":72},[56,117765,77],{"class":76},[56,117767,2312],{"class":378},[56,117769,77],{"class":76},[56,117771,12667],{"class":95},[56,117773,1635],{"class":76},[20,117775,117776],{},"What they tell you:",[173,117778,117779,117784,117789,117794,117804],{},[176,117780,117781,117783],{},[15,117782,1176],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[176,117785,117786,117788],{},[15,117787,5228],{}," checks whether values are equal",[176,117790,117791,117793],{},[15,117792,43995],{}," shows the identity of an object",[176,117795,117796,117797,4935,117800,117803],{},"comparing ",[15,117798,117799],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117801,117802],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[176,117805,117806,117808],{},[15,117807,2847],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[42,117810,2343],{"id":2342},[353,117812,117814],{"id":117813},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117816,117817],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[353,117819,57769],{"id":57684},[20,117821,117822],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[353,117824,117826],{"id":117825},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117828,117829],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[353,117831,117833],{"id":117832},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117835,117836],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[353,117838,117840],{"id":117839},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117842,117843],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[42,117845,2417],{"id":2416},[173,117847,117848,117853,117859,117865,117869],{},[176,117849,117850],{},[264,117851,117852],{"href":12599},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[176,117854,117855],{},[264,117856,13,117857,11273],{"href":55459},[15,117858,56100],{},[176,117860,117861],{},[264,117862,13,117863,11273],{"href":12965},[15,117864,12968],{},[176,117866,117867],{},[264,117868,15499],{"href":57719},[176,117870,117871],{},[264,117872,117873],{"href":58994},"What is a list in Python?",[2451,117875,117876],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":117878},[117879,117880,117881,117882,117883,117884,117889,117890,117891,117892,117893,117894,117901],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":116334,"depth":87,"text":116335},{"id":116355,"depth":87,"text":116356},{"id":116598,"depth":87,"text":116599},{"id":116738,"depth":87,"text":116739},{"id":116854,"depth":87,"text":116855,"children":117885},[117886,117887,117888],{"id":116861,"depth":102,"text":116862},{"id":116930,"depth":102,"text":116931},{"id":117029,"depth":102,"text":117030},{"id":117143,"depth":87,"text":117144},{"id":117275,"depth":87,"text":117276},{"id":117389,"depth":87,"text":117390},{"id":117555,"depth":87,"text":117556},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":117895},[117896,117897,117898,117899,117900],{"id":117813,"depth":102,"text":117814},{"id":57684,"depth":102,"text":57769},{"id":117825,"depth":102,"text":117826},{"id":117832,"depth":102,"text":117833},{"id":117839,"depth":102,"text":117840},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116135,"description":117902},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117908,"title":117909,"body":117910,"description":119767,"extension":2509,"meta":119768,"navigation":105,"path":119769,"seo":119770,"stem":119771,"__hash__":119772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117911,"toc":119725},[117912,117917,117922,117930,117932,118000,118005,118010,118025,118028,118030,118061,118063,118083,118086,118101,118103,118106,118179,118181,118226,118228,118239,118244,118248,118253,118256,118295,118297,118317,118320,118377,118379,118414,118417,118456,118458,118478,118481,118512,118514,118570,118572,118577,118648,118650,118683,118688,118693,118758,118760,118797,118800,118877,118879,118939,118946,118951,118954,118957,119038,119040,119081,119086,119089,119167,119169,119202,119211,119218,119221,119232,119235,119246,119250,119258,119267,119271,119276,119280,119285,119328,119331,119337,119340,119342,119389,119394,119398,119401,119450,119452,119473,119476,119478,119503,119506,119627,119632,119634,119639,119642,119647,119650,119658,119663,119670,119673,119681,119684,119686,119722],[10,117913,13,117915,18],{"id":117914},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117916,74920],{},[20,117918,117919,117921],{},[15,117920,74920],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117923,117924,117925,2735,117927,117929],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117926,78357],{},[15,117928,74920],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[42,117931,4151],{"id":4150},[47,117933,117935],{"className":49,"code":117934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117936,117937,117957,117971,117975,117987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117938,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117940,1594],{"class":65},[56,117942,1217],{"class":827},[56,117944,1220],{"class":76},[56,117946,223],{"class":80},[56,117948,306],{"class":76},[56,117950,409],{"class":80},[56,117952,306],{"class":76},[56,117954,414],{"class":80},[56,117956,427],{"class":76},[56,117958,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,117960,2775],{"class":65},[56,117962,1217],{"class":827},[56,117964,75054],{"class":72},[56,117966,77],{"class":76},[56,117968,1618],{"class":95},[56,117970,99],{"class":76},[56,117972,117973],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117974,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,117976,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,117978,373],{"class":72},[56,117980,77],{"class":76},[56,117982,2809],{"class":95},[56,117984,4202],{"class":76},[56,117986,56187],{"class":112},[56,117988,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,117990,373],{"class":72},[56,117992,77],{"class":76},[56,117994,1618],{"class":95},[56,117996,4202],{"class":76},[56,117998,117999],{"class":112},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118001,118002,118004],{},[15,118003,74920],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[42,118006,160,118008,163],{"id":118007},"what-sorted-does",[15,118009,74920],{},[173,118011,118012,118016,118019,118022],{},[176,118013,118014,63424],{},[15,118015,74920],{},[176,118017,118018],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[176,118020,118021],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[176,118023,118024],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118026,118027],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[42,118029,2702],{"id":2701},[47,118031,118033],{"className":49,"code":118032,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118034,118035],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118036,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118038,75010],{"class":72},[56,118040,77],{"class":76},[56,118042,4261],{"class":95},[56,118044,306],{"class":76},[56,118046,22115],{"class":9707},[56,118048,1217],{"class":827},[56,118050,4319],{"class":4393},[56,118052,306],{"class":76},[56,118054,78560],{"class":9707},[56,118056,1217],{"class":827},[56,118058,4215],{"class":4393},[56,118060,99],{"class":76},[353,118062,17930],{"id":17929},[173,118064,118065,118070,118075],{},[176,118066,118067,118069],{},[15,118068,4261],{},": the values to sort",[176,118071,118072,118074],{},[15,118073,15376],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[176,118076,118077,118079,118080,118082],{},[15,118078,74073],{},": set to ",[15,118081,4146],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118084,118085],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[47,118087,118089],{"className":49,"code":118088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118090,118091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118092,118093,118095,118097,118099],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118094,75010],{"class":72},[56,118096,77],{"class":76},[56,118098,60806],{"class":95},[56,118100,99],{"class":76},[42,118102,12008],{"id":12007},[20,118104,118105],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[47,118107,118109],{"className":49,"code":118108,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118110,118111,118135,118139,118154,118158,118169],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118112,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118114,1594],{"class":65},[56,118116,1217],{"class":827},[56,118118,1220],{"class":76},[56,118120,81],{"class":80},[56,118122,306],{"class":76},[56,118124,414],{"class":80},[56,118126,306],{"class":76},[56,118128,2272],{"class":80},[56,118130,306],{"class":76},[56,118132,409],{"class":80},[56,118134,427],{"class":76},[56,118136,118137],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118138,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,118140,118141,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118142,118143],{"class":65},"sorted_numbers ",[56,118145,1217],{"class":827},[56,118147,75054],{"class":72},[56,118149,77],{"class":76},[56,118151,1618],{"class":95},[56,118153,99],{"class":76},[56,118155,118156],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,118157,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,118159,118160,118162,118164,118167],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,118161,373],{"class":72},[56,118163,77],{"class":76},[56,118165,118166],{"class":95},"sorted_numbers",[56,118168,99],{"class":76},[56,118170,118171,118173,118175,118177],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,118172,373],{"class":72},[56,118174,77],{"class":76},[56,118176,1618],{"class":95},[56,118178,99],{"class":76},[20,118180,239],{},[47,118182,118184],{"className":49,"code":118183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118185,118186,118206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118187,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118189,402],{"class":76},[56,118191,529],{"class":80},[56,118193,306],{"class":76},[56,118195,414],{"class":80},[56,118197,306],{"class":76},[56,118199,496],{"class":80},[56,118201,306],{"class":76},[56,118203,2272],{"class":80},[56,118205,427],{"class":76},[56,118207,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118209,402],{"class":76},[56,118211,81],{"class":80},[56,118213,306],{"class":76},[56,118215,414],{"class":80},[56,118217,306],{"class":76},[56,118219,2272],{"class":80},[56,118221,306],{"class":76},[56,118223,409],{"class":80},[56,118225,427],{"class":76},[20,118227,14297],{},[173,118229,118230,118235],{},[176,118231,118232,118234],{},[15,118233,118166],{}," is a new sorted list",[176,118236,118237,112771],{},[15,118238,1618],{},[20,118240,118241,118242,156],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[264,118243,78867],{"href":78866},[42,118245,118247],{"id":118246},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118249,118250,118252],{},[15,118251,74920],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[353,118254,118255],{"id":379},"List",[47,118257,118259],{"className":49,"code":118258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118260,118261,118281],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118262,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118264,1594],{"class":65},[56,118266,1217],{"class":827},[56,118268,1220],{"class":76},[56,118270,223],{"class":80},[56,118272,306],{"class":76},[56,118274,409],{"class":80},[56,118276,306],{"class":76},[56,118278,414],{"class":80},[56,118280,427],{"class":76},[56,118282,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118284,373],{"class":72},[56,118286,77],{"class":76},[56,118288,75010],{"class":72},[56,118290,77],{"class":76},[56,118292,1618],{"class":95},[56,118294,1635],{"class":76},[20,118296,239],{},[47,118298,118299],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,118300,118301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118302,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118304,402],{"class":76},[56,118306,529],{"class":80},[56,118308,306],{"class":76},[56,118310,414],{"class":80},[56,118312,306],{"class":76},[56,118314,419],{"class":80},[56,118316,427],{"class":76},[353,118318,118319],{"id":49456},"Tuple",[47,118321,118323],{"className":49,"code":118322,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118324,118325,118345,118359],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118326,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118328,4364],{"class":65},[56,118330,1217],{"class":827},[56,118332,9768],{"class":76},[56,118334,223],{"class":80},[56,118336,306],{"class":76},[56,118338,409],{"class":80},[56,118340,306],{"class":76},[56,118342,414],{"class":80},[56,118344,99],{"class":76},[56,118346,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118348,373],{"class":72},[56,118350,77],{"class":76},[56,118352,75010],{"class":72},[56,118354,77],{"class":76},[56,118356,5898],{"class":95},[56,118358,1635],{"class":76},[56,118360,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118362,373],{"class":72},[56,118364,77],{"class":76},[56,118366,2312],{"class":378},[56,118368,77],{"class":76},[56,118370,75010],{"class":72},[56,118372,77],{"class":76},[56,118374,5898],{"class":95},[56,118376,390],{"class":76},[20,118378,239],{},[47,118380,118382],{"className":49,"code":118381,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118383,118384,118400],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118385,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118387,402],{"class":76},[56,118389,529],{"class":80},[56,118391,306],{"class":76},[56,118393,414],{"class":80},[56,118395,306],{"class":76},[56,118397,419],{"class":80},[56,118399,427],{"class":76},[56,118401,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118403,3833],{"class":827},[56,118405,3836],{"class":2610},[56,118407,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118409,379],{"class":1020},[56,118411,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118413,3847],{"class":827},[353,118415,118416],{"id":6822},"Set",[47,118418,118420],{"className":49,"code":118419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118421,118422,118442],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118423,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118425,4364],{"class":65},[56,118427,1217],{"class":827},[56,118429,11023],{"class":76},[56,118431,223],{"class":80},[56,118433,306],{"class":76},[56,118435,409],{"class":80},[56,118437,306],{"class":76},[56,118439,414],{"class":80},[56,118441,9841],{"class":76},[56,118443,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118445,373],{"class":72},[56,118447,77],{"class":76},[56,118449,75010],{"class":72},[56,118451,77],{"class":76},[56,118453,5898],{"class":95},[56,118455,1635],{"class":76},[20,118457,239],{},[47,118459,118460],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,118461,118462],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118463,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118465,402],{"class":76},[56,118467,529],{"class":80},[56,118469,306],{"class":76},[56,118471,414],{"class":80},[56,118473,306],{"class":76},[56,118475,419],{"class":80},[56,118477,427],{"class":76},[353,118479,118480],{"id":61673},"String",[47,118482,118484],{"className":49,"code":118483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118485,118486,118498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118487,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118489,35217],{"class":65},[56,118491,1217],{"class":827},[56,118493,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118495,51],{"class":1020},[56,118497,3903],{"class":1016},[56,118499,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118501,373],{"class":72},[56,118503,77],{"class":76},[56,118505,75010],{"class":72},[56,118507,77],{"class":76},[56,118509,35238],{"class":95},[56,118511,1635],{"class":76},[20,118513,239],{},[47,118515,118516],{"className":49,"code":79883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,118517,118518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118521,402],{"class":76},[56,118523,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118525,60937],{"class":1020},[56,118527,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118529,306],{"class":76},[56,118531,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118533,76524],{"class":1020},[56,118535,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118537,306],{"class":76},[56,118539,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118541,60972],{"class":1020},[56,118543,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118545,306],{"class":76},[56,118547,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118549,20],{"class":1020},[56,118551,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118553,306],{"class":76},[56,118555,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118557,63785],{"class":1020},[56,118559,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118561,306],{"class":76},[56,118563,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118565,12279],{"class":1020},[56,118567,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118569,427],{"class":76},[353,118571,29754],{"id":16139},[20,118573,64038,118574,118576],{},[15,118575,74920],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[47,118578,118580],{"className":49,"code":118579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118581,118582,118634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118583,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118585,13738],{"class":65},[56,118587,1217],{"class":827},[56,118589,11023],{"class":76},[56,118591,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118593,8201],{"class":1020},[56,118595,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118597,1045],{"class":76},[56,118599,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118601,13414],{"class":1020},[56,118603,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118605,306],{"class":76},[56,118607,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118609,9831],{"class":1020},[56,118611,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118613,1045],{"class":76},[56,118615,8323],{"class":80},[56,118617,306],{"class":76},[56,118619,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118621,10941],{"class":1020},[56,118623,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118625,1045],{"class":76},[56,118627,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118629,16566],{"class":1020},[56,118631,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118633,9841],{"class":76},[56,118635,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118637,373],{"class":72},[56,118639,77],{"class":76},[56,118641,75010],{"class":72},[56,118643,77],{"class":76},[56,118645,17842],{"class":95},[56,118647,1635],{"class":76},[20,118649,239],{},[47,118651,118653],{"className":49,"code":118652,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118654,118655],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118658,402],{"class":76},[56,118660,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118662,9831],{"class":1020},[56,118664,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118666,306],{"class":76},[56,118668,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118670,10941],{"class":1020},[56,118672,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118674,306],{"class":76},[56,118676,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118678,8201],{"class":1020},[56,118680,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118682,427],{"class":76},[42,118684,958,118686],{"id":118685},"using-reversetrue",[15,118687,78581],{},[20,118689,2638,118690,118692],{},[15,118691,78581],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[47,118694,118696],{"className":49,"code":118695,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118697,118698,118718,118722,118736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118699,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118701,1594],{"class":65},[56,118703,1217],{"class":827},[56,118705,1220],{"class":76},[56,118707,223],{"class":80},[56,118709,306],{"class":76},[56,118711,409],{"class":80},[56,118713,306],{"class":76},[56,118715,414],{"class":80},[56,118717,427],{"class":76},[56,118719,118720],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118721,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,118723,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118725,373],{"class":72},[56,118727,77],{"class":76},[56,118729,75010],{"class":72},[56,118731,77],{"class":76},[56,118733,1618],{"class":95},[56,118735,1635],{"class":76},[56,118737,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,118739,373],{"class":72},[56,118741,77],{"class":76},[56,118743,75010],{"class":72},[56,118745,77],{"class":76},[56,118747,1618],{"class":95},[56,118749,306],{"class":76},[56,118751,78560],{"class":9707},[56,118753,1217],{"class":827},[56,118755,4146],{"class":4393},[56,118757,1635],{"class":76},[20,118759,239],{},[47,118761,118763],{"className":49,"code":118762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118764,118765,118781],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118766,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118768,402],{"class":76},[56,118770,529],{"class":80},[56,118772,306],{"class":76},[56,118774,414],{"class":80},[56,118776,306],{"class":76},[56,118778,419],{"class":80},[56,118780,427],{"class":76},[56,118782,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118784,402],{"class":76},[56,118786,223],{"class":80},[56,118788,306],{"class":76},[56,118790,414],{"class":80},[56,118792,306],{"class":76},[56,118794,409],{"class":80},[56,118796,427],{"class":76},[20,118798,118799],{},"This also works with strings:",[47,118801,118803],{"className":49,"code":118802,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118804,118805,118837,118841,118855],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118806,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118808,4610],{"class":65},[56,118810,1217],{"class":827},[56,118812,1220],{"class":76},[56,118814,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118816,4619],{"class":1020},[56,118818,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118820,306],{"class":76},[56,118822,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118824,4628],{"class":1020},[56,118826,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118828,306],{"class":76},[56,118830,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118832,4637],{"class":1020},[56,118834,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118836,427],{"class":76},[56,118838,118839],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118840,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,118842,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118844,373],{"class":72},[56,118846,77],{"class":76},[56,118848,75010],{"class":72},[56,118850,77],{"class":76},[56,118852,4654],{"class":95},[56,118854,1635],{"class":76},[56,118856,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,118858,373],{"class":72},[56,118860,77],{"class":76},[56,118862,75010],{"class":72},[56,118864,77],{"class":76},[56,118866,4654],{"class":95},[56,118868,306],{"class":76},[56,118870,78560],{"class":9707},[56,118872,1217],{"class":827},[56,118874,4146],{"class":4393},[56,118876,1635],{"class":76},[20,118878,239],{},[47,118880,118881],{"className":49,"code":74654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,118882,118883,118911],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118884,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118886,402],{"class":76},[56,118888,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118890,4619],{"class":1020},[56,118892,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118894,306],{"class":76},[56,118896,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118898,4628],{"class":1020},[56,118900,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118902,306],{"class":76},[56,118904,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118906,4637],{"class":1020},[56,118908,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118910,427],{"class":76},[56,118912,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,118914,402],{"class":76},[56,118916,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118918,4637],{"class":1020},[56,118920,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118922,306],{"class":76},[56,118924,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118926,4628],{"class":1020},[56,118928,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118930,306],{"class":76},[56,118932,3839],{"class":1016},[56,118934,4619],{"class":1020},[56,118936,3844],{"class":1016},[56,118938,427],{"class":76},[42,118940,958,118942,118945],{"id":118941},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118943,118944],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118947,2526,118948,118950],{},[15,118949,118944],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118952,118953],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118955,118956],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[47,118958,118960],{"className":49,"code":118959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118961,118962,119002,119006,119028],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118963,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118965,4610],{"class":65},[56,118967,1217],{"class":827},[56,118969,1220],{"class":76},[56,118971,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118973,79234],{"class":1020},[56,118975,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118977,306],{"class":76},[56,118979,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118981,38869],{"class":1020},[56,118983,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118985,306],{"class":76},[56,118987,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118989,4628],{"class":1020},[56,118991,1017],{"class":1016},[56,118993,306],{"class":76},[56,118995,1231],{"class":1016},[56,118997,38852],{"class":1020},[56,118999,1017],{"class":1016},[56,119001,427],{"class":76},[56,119003,119004],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,119005,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,119007,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119009,2775],{"class":65},[56,119011,1217],{"class":827},[56,119013,75054],{"class":72},[56,119015,77],{"class":76},[56,119017,4654],{"class":95},[56,119019,306],{"class":76},[56,119021,22115],{"class":9707},[56,119023,1217],{"class":827},[56,119025,1266],{"class":72},[56,119027,99],{"class":76},[56,119029,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,119031,373],{"class":72},[56,119033,77],{"class":76},[56,119035,2809],{"class":95},[56,119037,99],{"class":76},[20,119039,239],{},[47,119041,119043],{"className":49,"code":119042,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119044,119045],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119046,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119048,402],{"class":76},[56,119050,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119052,38869],{"class":1020},[56,119054,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119056,306],{"class":76},[56,119058,3839],{"class":1016},[56,119060,79234],{"class":1020},[56,119062,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119064,306],{"class":76},[56,119066,3839],{"class":1016},[56,119068,38852],{"class":1020},[56,119070,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119072,306],{"class":76},[56,119074,3839],{"class":1016},[56,119076,4628],{"class":1020},[56,119078,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119080,427],{"class":76},[20,119082,21306,119083,119085],{},[15,119084,1266],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119087,119088],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[47,119090,119092],{"className":49,"code":119091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119093,119094,119127,119131,119157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119095,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119123,119125],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119097,4610],{"class":65},[56,119099,1217],{"class":827},[56,119101,1220],{"class":76},[56,119103,1017],{"class":1016},[56,119105,83850],{"class":1020},[56,119107,1017],{"class":1016},[56,119109,306],{"class":76},[56,119111,1231],{"class":1016},[56,119113,4619],{"class":1020},[56,119115,1017],{"class":1016},[56,119117,306],{"class":76},[56,119119,1231],{"class":1016},[56,119121,119122],{"class":1020},"Cherry",[56,119124,1017],{"class":1016},[56,119126,427],{"class":76},[56,119128,119129],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,119130,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,119132,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119134,2775],{"class":65},[56,119136,1217],{"class":827},[56,119138,75054],{"class":72},[56,119140,77],{"class":76},[56,119142,4654],{"class":95},[56,119144,306],{"class":76},[56,119146,22115],{"class":9707},[56,119148,1217],{"class":827},[56,119150,3988],{"class":378},[56,119152,156],{"class":76},[56,119154,9171],{"class":25284},[56,119156,99],{"class":76},[56,119158,119159,119161,119163,119165],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,119160,373],{"class":72},[56,119162,77],{"class":76},[56,119164,2809],{"class":95},[56,119166,99],{"class":76},[20,119168,239],{},[47,119170,119172],{"className":49,"code":119171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119173,119174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119175,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119177,402],{"class":76},[56,119179,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119181,4619],{"class":1020},[56,119183,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119185,306],{"class":76},[56,119187,3839],{"class":1016},[56,119189,83850],{"class":1020},[56,119191,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119193,306],{"class":76},[56,119195,3839],{"class":1016},[56,119197,119122],{"class":1020},[56,119199,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119201,427],{"class":76},[20,119203,119204,119205,35859,119207,156],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119206,1331],{},[264,119208,13,119209,2430],{"href":1328},[15,119210,1331],{},[42,119212,119214,1682,119216],{"id":119213},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119215,74920],{},[15,119217,78357],{},[20,119219,119220],{},"The main difference is this:",[173,119222,119223,119228],{},[176,119224,119225,119227],{},[15,119226,74920],{}," returns a new list",[176,119229,119230,74458],{},[15,119231,78357],{},[20,119233,119234],{},"Also:",[173,119236,119237,119242],{},[176,119238,119239,119241],{},[15,119240,74920],{}," works with many iterables",[176,119243,119244,79789],{},[15,119245,78357],{},[20,119247,2638,119248,11133],{},[15,119249,74920],{},[173,119251,119252,119255],{},[176,119253,119254],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[176,119256,119257],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119259,119260,119261,156],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[264,119262,13,119263,1682,119265,6322],{"href":79614},[15,119264,74920],{},[15,119266,78357],{},[42,119268,119270],{"id":119269},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119272,119273,119274,156],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119275,74920],{},[353,119277,119279],{"id":119278},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119281,119282,119283,1045],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119284,3547],{},[47,119286,119288],{"className":49,"code":119287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119289,119290,119314],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119291,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119293,4364],{"class":65},[56,119295,1217],{"class":827},[56,119297,1220],{"class":76},[56,119299,529],{"class":80},[56,119301,306],{"class":76},[56,119303,1231],{"class":1016},[56,119305,463],{"class":1020},[56,119307,1017],{"class":1016},[56,119309,306],{"class":76},[56,119311,419],{"class":80},[56,119313,427],{"class":76},[56,119315,119316,119318,119320,119322,119324,119326],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,119317,373],{"class":72},[56,119319,77],{"class":76},[56,119321,75010],{"class":72},[56,119323,77],{"class":76},[56,119325,5898],{"class":95},[56,119327,1635],{"class":76},[20,119329,119330],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[353,119332,119334,119335,2848],{"id":119333},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119336,15376],{},[20,119338,119339],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119341,986],{},[47,119343,119345],{"className":49,"code":119344,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119346,119347,119367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119348,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119350,1594],{"class":65},[56,119352,1217],{"class":827},[56,119354,1220],{"class":76},[56,119356,2291],{"class":80},[56,119358,306],{"class":76},[56,119360,414],{"class":80},[56,119362,306],{"class":76},[56,119364,8328],{"class":80},[56,119366,427],{"class":76},[56,119368,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,119370,373],{"class":72},[56,119372,77],{"class":76},[56,119374,75010],{"class":72},[56,119376,77],{"class":76},[56,119378,1618],{"class":95},[56,119380,306],{"class":76},[56,119382,22115],{"class":9707},[56,119384,1217],{"class":827},[56,119386,1266],{"class":72},[56,119388,1635],{"class":76},[20,119390,1931,119391,119393],{},[15,119392,1331],{}," does not work on integers.",[353,119395,119397],{"id":119396},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119399,119400],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[47,119402,119404],{"className":49,"code":119403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119405,119406,119426,119436,119440],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119407,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119409,1594],{"class":65},[56,119411,1217],{"class":827},[56,119413,1220],{"class":76},[56,119415,223],{"class":80},[56,119417,306],{"class":76},[56,119419,409],{"class":80},[56,119421,306],{"class":76},[56,119423,414],{"class":80},[56,119425,427],{"class":76},[56,119427,119428,119430,119432,119434],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,119429,75010],{"class":72},[56,119431,77],{"class":76},[56,119433,1618],{"class":95},[56,119435,99],{"class":76},[56,119437,119438],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119439,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,119441,119442,119444,119446,119448],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,119443,373],{"class":72},[56,119445,77],{"class":76},[56,119447,1618],{"class":95},[56,119449,99],{"class":76},[20,119451,239],{},[47,119453,119455],{"className":49,"code":119454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119456,119457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119458,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119460,402],{"class":76},[56,119462,223],{"class":80},[56,119464,306],{"class":76},[56,119466,409],{"class":80},[56,119468,306],{"class":76},[56,119470,414],{"class":80},[56,119472,427],{"class":76},[20,119474,119475],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[42,119477,3374],{"id":3373},[173,119479,119480,119484,119487,119492,119496],{},[176,119481,1796,119482,74458],{},[15,119483,74920],{},[176,119485,119486],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[176,119488,2103,119489,119491],{},[15,119490,74920],{}," always returns a list",[176,119493,958,119494,23640],{},[15,119495,118944],{},[176,119497,30179,119498,119500,119501],{},[15,119499,64810],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119502,74920],{},[20,119504,119505],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[47,119507,119509],{"className":49,"code":119508,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119510,119511,119533,119559,119597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119512,119513,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119514,373],{"class":72},[56,119516,77],{"class":76},[56,119518,75010],{"class":72},[56,119520,3528],{"class":76},[56,119522,223],{"class":80},[56,119524,306],{"class":76},[56,119526,409],{"class":80},[56,119528,306],{"class":76},[56,119530,414],{"class":80},[56,119532,3541],{"class":76},[56,119534,119535,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,119536,373],{"class":72},[56,119538,77],{"class":76},[56,119540,2312],{"class":378},[56,119542,77],{"class":76},[56,119544,75010],{"class":72},[56,119546,6049],{"class":76},[56,119548,223],{"class":80},[56,119550,306],{"class":76},[56,119552,409],{"class":80},[56,119554,306],{"class":76},[56,119556,414],{"class":80},[56,119558,93652],{"class":76},[56,119560,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119562,373],{"class":72},[56,119564,77],{"class":76},[56,119566,75010],{"class":72},[56,119568,3528],{"class":76},[56,119570,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119572,83850],{"class":1020},[56,119574,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119576,306],{"class":76},[56,119578,3839],{"class":1016},[56,119580,4619],{"class":1020},[56,119582,3844],{"class":1016},[56,119584,18597],{"class":76},[56,119586,22115],{"class":9707},[56,119588,1217],{"class":827},[56,119590,3988],{"class":378},[56,119592,156],{"class":76},[56,119594,9171],{"class":25284},[56,119596,1635],{"class":76},[56,119598,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,119600,373],{"class":72},[56,119602,77],{"class":76},[56,119604,75010],{"class":72},[56,119606,3528],{"class":76},[56,119608,223],{"class":80},[56,119610,306],{"class":76},[56,119612,409],{"class":80},[56,119614,306],{"class":76},[56,119616,414],{"class":80},[56,119618,18597],{"class":76},[56,119620,78560],{"class":9707},[56,119622,1217],{"class":827},[56,119624,4146],{"class":4393},[56,119626,1635],{"class":76},[20,119628,119629,119630,156],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[264,119631,53273],{"href":51480},[42,119633,2343],{"id":2342},[353,119635,2347,119637,57663],{"id":119636},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119638,74920],{},[20,119640,119641],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[353,119643,5682,119645,13249],{"id":119644},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119646,74920],{},[20,119648,119649],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[353,119651,119653,119654,11624,119656,2363],{"id":119652},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119655,74920],{},[15,119657,78357],{},[20,119659,2638,119660,119662],{},[15,119661,74920],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[353,119664,5682,119666,86938,119668,2363],{"id":119665},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119667,118944],{},[15,119669,74920],{},[20,119671,119672],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[353,119674,2357,119676,119678,119679,2363],{"id":119675},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119677,74920],{}," give a ",[15,119680,3547],{},[20,119682,119683],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[42,119685,2417],{"id":2416},[173,119687,119688,119692,119700,119704,119710,119716],{},[176,119689,119690],{},[264,119691,80362],{"href":78866},[176,119693,119694],{},[264,119695,13,119696,1682,119698,6322],{"href":79614},[15,119697,74920],{},[15,119699,78357],{},[176,119701,119702],{},[264,119703,53273],{"href":51480},[176,119705,119706],{},[264,119707,13,119708,2430],{"href":1328},[15,119709,1331],{},[176,119711,119712],{},[264,119713,13,119714,2430],{"href":1407},[15,119715,1410],{},[176,119717,119718],{},[264,119719,13,119720,2430],{"href":36713},[15,119721,17],{},[2451,119723,119724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":119726},[119727,119728,119730,119733,119734,119741,119743,119745,119747,119753,119754,119766],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":118007,"depth":87,"text":119729},"What sorted() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":119731},[119732],{"id":17929,"depth":102,"text":17930},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":118246,"depth":87,"text":118247,"children":119735},[119736,119737,119738,119739,119740],{"id":379,"depth":102,"text":118255},{"id":49456,"depth":102,"text":118319},{"id":6822,"depth":102,"text":118416},{"id":61673,"depth":102,"text":118480},{"id":16139,"depth":102,"text":29754},{"id":118685,"depth":87,"text":119742},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118941,"depth":87,"text":119744},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119213,"depth":87,"text":119746},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119269,"depth":87,"text":119270,"children":119748},[119749,119750,119752],{"id":119278,"depth":102,"text":119279},{"id":119333,"depth":102,"text":119751},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119396,"depth":102,"text":119397},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":119755},[119756,119758,119760,119762,119764],{"id":119636,"depth":102,"text":119757},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119644,"depth":102,"text":119759},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119652,"depth":102,"text":119761},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119665,"depth":102,"text":119763},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119675,"depth":102,"text":119765},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117909,"description":119767},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119774,"title":119775,"body":119776,"description":121887,"extension":2509,"meta":121888,"navigation":105,"path":79614,"seo":121889,"stem":121890,"__hash__":121891},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119777,"toc":121834},[119778,119785,119788,119798,119804,119807,119825,119833,119835,119894,119902,119906,119928,119932,119936,119938,119955,119957,119969,119975,120059,120063,120110,120116,120123,120127,120132,120134,120146,120151,120204,120208,120228,120235,120242,120246,120249,120268,120272,120386,120390,120460,120462,120474,120479,120483,120496,120500,120575,120579,120618,120625,120631,120636,120640,120654,120658,120723,120727,120760,120763,120768,120776,120783,120796,120799,120803,120886,120890,120927,120931,121034,121038,121099,121104,121111,121115,121118,121124,121127,121194,121198,121222,121224,121242,121249,121302,121306,121326,121332,121334,121391,121398,121424,121429,121434,121442,121448,121508,121512,121559,121562,121564,121567,121593,121596,121689,121691,121711,121715,121718,121736,121742,121744,121752,121757,121764,121767,121773,121776,121782,121790,121798,121803,121805,121831],[10,119779,13,119781,1682,119783,93366],{"id":119780},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119782,74920],{},[15,119784,78357],{},[20,119786,119787],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[173,119789,119790,119794],{},[176,119791,119792],{},[15,119793,74920],{},[176,119795,119796],{},[15,119797,78357],{},[20,119799,119800,119801,119803],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[37,119802,5170],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119805,119806],{},"The main difference is simple:",[173,119808,119809,119817],{},[176,119810,2638,119811,119813,119814],{},[15,119812,74920],{}," when you want a ",[37,119815,119816],{},"new sorted result",[176,119818,2638,119819,119821,119822],{},[15,119820,78357],{}," when you want to ",[37,119823,119824],{},"change the original list",[20,119826,119827,119828,2942,119830,119832],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119829,78357],{},[15,119831,4319],{}," and causes confusion.",[42,119834,4151],{"id":4150},[47,119836,119838],{"className":49,"code":119837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119839,119840,119860,119864,119881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119841,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119843,1594],{"class":65},[56,119845,1217],{"class":827},[56,119847,1220],{"class":76},[56,119849,223],{"class":80},[56,119851,306],{"class":76},[56,119853,409],{"class":80},[56,119855,306],{"class":76},[56,119857,414],{"class":80},[56,119859,427],{"class":76},[56,119861,119862],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,119863,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,119865,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119867,56389],{"class":65},[56,119869,1217],{"class":827},[56,119871,75054],{"class":72},[56,119873,77],{"class":76},[56,119875,1618],{"class":95},[56,119877,4202],{"class":76},[56,119879,119880],{"class":112},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[56,119882,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,119884,1618],{"class":65},[56,119886,156],{"class":76},[56,119888,35329],{"class":95},[56,119890,7898],{"class":76},[56,119892,119893],{"class":112},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119895,2638,119896,119898,119899,119901],{},[15,119897,74920],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119900,78357],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[42,119903,119905],{"id":119904},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[173,119907,119908,119913,119918,119925],{},[176,119909,2638,119910,119912],{},[15,119911,74920],{}," to get a new sorted list",[176,119914,2638,119915,119917],{},[15,119916,78357],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[176,119919,119920,119921,2942,119923],{},"Understand why ",[15,119922,78357],{},[15,119924,4319],{},[176,119926,119927],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[42,119929,160,119930,163],{"id":118007},[15,119931,74920],{},[20,119933,119934,63424],{},[15,119935,74920],{},[20,119937,49430],{},[173,119939,119940,119946,119952],{},[176,119941,119942,119943],{},"returns a ",[37,119944,119945],{},"new list",[176,119947,119948,119949,119951],{},"does ",[37,119950,5170],{}," change the original data",[176,119953,119954],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119956,51634],{},[173,119958,119959,119961,119963,119965,119967],{},[176,119960,5839],{},[176,119962,5842],{},[176,119964,5848],{},[176,119966,5845],{},[176,119968,36436],{},[353,119970,35607,119972,119974],{"id":119971},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119973,74920],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[47,119976,119978],{"className":49,"code":119977,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119979,119980,120000,120004,120018,120022,120040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119981,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119983,1594],{"class":65},[56,119985,1217],{"class":827},[56,119987,1220],{"class":76},[56,119989,223],{"class":80},[56,119991,306],{"class":76},[56,119993,409],{"class":80},[56,119995,306],{"class":76},[56,119997,414],{"class":80},[56,119999,427],{"class":76},[56,120001,120002],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120003,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120005,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120007,2775],{"class":65},[56,120009,1217],{"class":827},[56,120011,75054],{"class":72},[56,120013,77],{"class":76},[56,120015,1618],{"class":95},[56,120017,99],{"class":76},[56,120019,120020],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,120021,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120023,120024,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,120025,373],{"class":72},[56,120027,77],{"class":76},[56,120029,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120031,12688],{"class":1020},[56,120033,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120035,306],{"class":76},[56,120037,4804],{"class":95},[56,120039,99],{"class":76},[56,120041,120042,120044,120046,120048,120051,120053,120055,120057],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,120043,373],{"class":72},[56,120045,77],{"class":76},[56,120047,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120049,120050],{"class":1020},"sorted result:",[56,120052,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120054,306],{"class":76},[56,120056,81705],{"class":95},[56,120058,99],{"class":76},[20,120060,120061],{},[37,120062,239],{},[47,120064,120066],{"className":49,"code":120065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120067,120068,120088],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120069,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120071,12667],{"class":65},[56,120073,1045],{"class":76},[56,120075,1220],{"class":76},[56,120077,223],{"class":80},[56,120079,306],{"class":76},[56,120081,409],{"class":80},[56,120083,306],{"class":76},[56,120085,414],{"class":80},[56,120087,427],{"class":76},[56,120089,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120091,75010],{"class":72},[56,120093,81705],{"class":65},[56,120095,1045],{"class":76},[56,120097,1220],{"class":76},[56,120099,529],{"class":80},[56,120101,306],{"class":76},[56,120103,414],{"class":80},[56,120105,306],{"class":76},[56,120107,419],{"class":80},[56,120109,427],{"class":76},[20,120111,120112,120113,120115],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120114,1618],{}," stays the same.",[20,120117,120118,120119,156],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[264,120120,13,120121,2430],{"href":75017},[15,120122,74920],{},[42,120124,160,120125,163],{"id":78423},[15,120126,78357],{},[20,120128,120129,120131],{},[15,120130,64810],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120133,49430],{},[173,120135,120136,120139,120142],{},[176,120137,120138],{},"changes the original list directly",[176,120140,120141],{},"only works on lists",[176,120143,4232,120144],{},[15,120145,4319],{},[353,120147,35607,120149,74458],{"id":120148},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120150,78357],{},[47,120152,120154],{"className":49,"code":120153,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120155,120156,120176,120180,120190,120194],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120157,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120159,1594],{"class":65},[56,120161,1217],{"class":827},[56,120163,1220],{"class":76},[56,120165,223],{"class":80},[56,120167,306],{"class":76},[56,120169,409],{"class":80},[56,120171,306],{"class":76},[56,120173,414],{"class":80},[56,120175,427],{"class":76},[56,120177,120178],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120179,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120181,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120183,1618],{"class":65},[56,120185,156],{"class":76},[56,120187,35329],{"class":95},[56,120189,9174],{"class":76},[56,120191,120192],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,120193,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120195,120196,120198,120200,120202],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,120197,373],{"class":72},[56,120199,77],{"class":76},[56,120201,1618],{"class":95},[56,120203,99],{"class":76},[20,120205,120206],{},[37,120207,239],{},[47,120209,120210],{"className":49,"code":55649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,120211,120212],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120213,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120215,402],{"class":76},[56,120217,529],{"class":80},[56,120219,306],{"class":76},[56,120221,414],{"class":80},[56,120223,306],{"class":76},[56,120225,419],{"class":80},[56,120227,427],{"class":76},[20,120229,120230,120231,120234],{},"After calling ",[15,120232,120233],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120236,120237,120238,156],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[264,120239,13,120240,11273],{"href":75271},[15,120241,78357],{},[42,120243,120245],{"id":120244},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120247,120248],{},"Here is the core difference:",[173,120250,120251,120260],{},[176,120252,120253,120256,120257],{},[15,120254,120255],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[37,120258,120259],{},"new sorted list",[176,120261,120262,120265,120266,74828],{},[15,120263,120264],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120267,8870],{},[353,120269,120271],{"id":120270},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[47,120273,120275],{"className":49,"code":120274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120276,120277,120297,120301,120315,120334,120353,120357,120367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120278,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120280,1594],{"class":65},[56,120282,1217],{"class":827},[56,120284,1220],{"class":76},[56,120286,81],{"class":80},[56,120288,306],{"class":76},[56,120290,414],{"class":80},[56,120292,306],{"class":76},[56,120294,424],{"class":80},[56,120296,427],{"class":76},[56,120298,120299],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120300,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120302,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120304,3098],{"class":65},[56,120306,1217],{"class":827},[56,120308,75054],{"class":72},[56,120310,77],{"class":76},[56,120312,1618],{"class":95},[56,120314,99],{"class":76},[56,120316,120317,120319,120321,120323,120326,120328,120330,120332],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,120318,373],{"class":72},[56,120320,77],{"class":76},[56,120322,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120324,120325],{"class":1020},"numbers after sorted():",[56,120327,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120329,306],{"class":76},[56,120331,4804],{"class":95},[56,120333,99],{"class":76},[56,120335,120336,120338,120340,120342,120345,120347,120349,120351],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,120337,373],{"class":72},[56,120339,77],{"class":76},[56,120341,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120343,120344],{"class":1020},"a:",[56,120346,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120348,306],{"class":76},[56,120350,57387],{"class":95},[56,120352,99],{"class":76},[56,120354,120355],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,120356,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120358,120359,120361,120363,120365],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,120360,1618],{"class":65},[56,120362,156],{"class":76},[56,120364,35329],{"class":95},[56,120366,9174],{"class":76},[56,120368,120369,120371,120373,120375,120378,120380,120382,120384],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,120370,373],{"class":72},[56,120372,77],{"class":76},[56,120374,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120376,120377],{"class":1020},"numbers after sort():",[56,120379,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120381,306],{"class":76},[56,120383,4804],{"class":95},[56,120385,99],{"class":76},[20,120387,120388],{},[37,120389,239],{},[47,120391,120393],{"className":49,"code":120392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120394,120395,120418,120438],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120396,120397,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120398,120399],{"class":65},"numbers after ",[56,120401,75010],{"class":72},[56,120403,30114],{"class":76},[56,120405,1220],{"class":76},[56,120407,81],{"class":80},[56,120409,306],{"class":76},[56,120411,414],{"class":80},[56,120413,306],{"class":76},[56,120415,424],{"class":80},[56,120417,427],{"class":76},[56,120419,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120421,264],{"class":65},[56,120423,1045],{"class":76},[56,120425,1220],{"class":76},[56,120427,463],{"class":80},[56,120429,306],{"class":76},[56,120431,424],{"class":80},[56,120433,306],{"class":76},[56,120435,496],{"class":80},[56,120437,427],{"class":76},[56,120439,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120441,120399],{"class":65},[56,120443,35329],{"class":95},[56,120445,30114],{"class":76},[56,120447,1220],{"class":76},[56,120449,463],{"class":80},[56,120451,306],{"class":76},[56,120453,424],{"class":80},[56,120455,306],{"class":76},[56,120457,496],{"class":80},[56,120459,427],{"class":76},[20,120461,11245],{},[173,120463,120464,120469],{},[176,120465,120466,120468],{},[15,120467,74920],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[176,120470,120471,120473],{},[15,120472,64810],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[42,120475,5500,120477],{"id":120476},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120478,74920],{},[20,120480,2638,120481,11133],{},[15,120482,74920],{},[173,120484,120485,120488,120490,120493],{},[176,120486,120487],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[176,120489,119257],{},[176,120491,120492],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[176,120494,120495],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[353,120497,120499],{"id":120498},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[47,120501,120503],{"className":49,"code":120502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120504,120505,120529,120533,120547,120551,120561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120506,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525,120527],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120508,1594],{"class":65},[56,120510,1217],{"class":827},[56,120512,9768],{"class":76},[56,120514,1603],{"class":80},[56,120516,306],{"class":76},[56,120518,409],{"class":80},[56,120520,306],{"class":76},[56,120522,419],{"class":80},[56,120524,306],{"class":76},[56,120526,414],{"class":80},[56,120528,99],{"class":76},[56,120530,120531],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120532,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120534,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120536,2775],{"class":65},[56,120538,1217],{"class":827},[56,120540,75054],{"class":72},[56,120542,77],{"class":76},[56,120544,1618],{"class":95},[56,120546,99],{"class":76},[56,120548,120549],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,120550,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120552,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,120554,373],{"class":72},[56,120556,77],{"class":76},[56,120558,2809],{"class":95},[56,120560,99],{"class":76},[56,120562,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,120564,373],{"class":72},[56,120566,77],{"class":76},[56,120568,2312],{"class":378},[56,120570,77],{"class":76},[56,120572,2809],{"class":95},[56,120574,1635],{"class":76},[20,120576,120577],{},[37,120578,239],{},[47,120580,120582],{"className":49,"code":120581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120583,120584,120604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120585,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120587,402],{"class":76},[56,120589,529],{"class":80},[56,120591,306],{"class":76},[56,120593,414],{"class":80},[56,120595,306],{"class":76},[56,120597,419],{"class":80},[56,120599,306],{"class":76},[56,120601,424],{"class":80},[56,120603,427],{"class":76},[56,120605,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120607,3833],{"class":827},[56,120609,3836],{"class":2610},[56,120611,3839],{"class":1016},[56,120613,379],{"class":1020},[56,120615,3844],{"class":1016},[56,120617,3847],{"class":827},[20,120619,2831,120620,120622,120623,156],{},[15,120621,74920],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[37,120624,379],{},[20,120626,120627,120628,120630],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[264,120629,53273],{"href":51480}," is a helpful next step.",[42,120632,5500,120634],{"id":120633},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120635,78357],{},[20,120637,2638,120638,11133],{},[15,120639,78357],{},[173,120641,120642,120645,120648,120651],{},[176,120643,120644],{},"you already have a list",[176,120646,120647],{},"you want to update that list directly",[176,120649,120650],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[176,120652,120653],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[353,120655,120657],{"id":120656},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[47,120659,120661],{"className":49,"code":120660,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120662,120663,120695,120699,120709,120713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120664,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120666,5534],{"class":65},[56,120668,1217],{"class":827},[56,120670,1220],{"class":76},[56,120672,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120674,5561],{"class":1020},[56,120676,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120678,306],{"class":76},[56,120680,1231],{"class":1016},[56,120682,5543],{"class":1020},[56,120684,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120686,306],{"class":76},[56,120688,1231],{"class":1016},[56,120690,5552],{"class":1020},[56,120692,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120694,427],{"class":76},[56,120696,120697],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120698,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120700,120701,120703,120705,120707],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120702,5578],{"class":65},[56,120704,156],{"class":76},[56,120706,35329],{"class":95},[56,120708,9174],{"class":76},[56,120710,120711],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,120712,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120714,120715,120717,120719,120721],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,120716,373],{"class":72},[56,120718,77],{"class":76},[56,120720,5578],{"class":95},[56,120722,99],{"class":76},[20,120724,120725],{},[37,120726,239],{},[47,120728,120730],{"className":49,"code":120729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120731,120732],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120733,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120735,402],{"class":76},[56,120737,3844],{"class":1016},[56,120739,5543],{"class":1020},[56,120741,3844],{"class":1016},[56,120743,306],{"class":76},[56,120745,3839],{"class":1016},[56,120747,5552],{"class":1020},[56,120749,3844],{"class":1016},[56,120751,306],{"class":76},[56,120753,3839],{"class":1016},[56,120755,5561],{"class":1020},[56,120757,3844],{"class":1016},[56,120759,427],{"class":76},[20,120761,120762],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120764,120765,120766,156],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[264,120767,80362],{"href":78866},[42,120769,120771,4935,120773,120775],{"id":120770},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120772,74073],{},[15,120774,15376],{}," work with both",[20,120777,11122,120778,4935,120780,120782],{},[15,120779,74920],{},[15,120781,78357],{}," support:",[173,120784,120785,120790],{},[176,120786,120787,120789],{},[15,120788,78581],{}," for descending order",[176,120791,120792,120795],{},[15,120793,120794],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120797,120798],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[353,120800,120802],{"id":120801},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[47,120804,120806],{"className":49,"code":120805,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120807,120808,120828,120832,120854,120858,120876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120809,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120811,1594],{"class":65},[56,120813,1217],{"class":827},[56,120815,1220],{"class":76},[56,120817,223],{"class":80},[56,120819,306],{"class":76},[56,120821,409],{"class":80},[56,120823,306],{"class":76},[56,120825,414],{"class":80},[56,120827,427],{"class":76},[56,120829,120830],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120831,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120833,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120835,373],{"class":72},[56,120837,77],{"class":76},[56,120839,75010],{"class":72},[56,120841,77],{"class":76},[56,120843,1618],{"class":95},[56,120845,306],{"class":76},[56,120847,78560],{"class":9707},[56,120849,1217],{"class":827},[56,120851,4146],{"class":4393},[56,120853,1635],{"class":76},[56,120855,120856],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,120857,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120859,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,120861,1618],{"class":65},[56,120863,156],{"class":76},[56,120865,35329],{"class":95},[56,120867,77],{"class":76},[56,120869,74073],{"class":9707},[56,120871,1217],{"class":827},[56,120873,4146],{"class":4393},[56,120875,99],{"class":76},[56,120877,120878,120880,120882,120884],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,120879,373],{"class":72},[56,120881,77],{"class":76},[56,120883,1618],{"class":95},[56,120885,99],{"class":76},[20,120887,120888],{},[37,120889,239],{},[47,120891,120893],{"className":49,"code":120892,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120894,120895,120911],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120896,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120898,402],{"class":76},[56,120900,223],{"class":80},[56,120902,306],{"class":76},[56,120904,414],{"class":80},[56,120906,306],{"class":76},[56,120908,409],{"class":80},[56,120910,427],{"class":76},[56,120912,120913,120915,120917,120919,120921,120923,120925],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120914,402],{"class":76},[56,120916,223],{"class":80},[56,120918,306],{"class":76},[56,120920,414],{"class":80},[56,120922,306],{"class":76},[56,120924,409],{"class":80},[56,120926,427],{"class":76},[353,120928,120930],{"id":120929},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[47,120932,120934],{"className":49,"code":120933,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120935,120936,120968,120972,120998,121002,121024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120937,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120939,4610],{"class":65},[56,120941,1217],{"class":827},[56,120943,1220],{"class":76},[56,120945,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120947,83850],{"class":1020},[56,120949,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120951,306],{"class":76},[56,120953,1231],{"class":1016},[56,120955,4619],{"class":1020},[56,120957,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120959,306],{"class":76},[56,120961,1231],{"class":1016},[56,120963,119122],{"class":1020},[56,120965,1017],{"class":1016},[56,120967,427],{"class":76},[56,120969,120970],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,120971,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,120973,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994,120996],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120975,373],{"class":72},[56,120977,77],{"class":76},[56,120979,75010],{"class":72},[56,120981,77],{"class":76},[56,120983,4654],{"class":95},[56,120985,306],{"class":76},[56,120987,22115],{"class":9707},[56,120989,1217],{"class":827},[56,120991,3988],{"class":378},[56,120993,156],{"class":76},[56,120995,9171],{"class":25284},[56,120997,1635],{"class":76},[56,120999,121000],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,121001,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121003,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,121005,4654],{"class":65},[56,121007,156],{"class":76},[56,121009,35329],{"class":95},[56,121011,77],{"class":76},[56,121013,15376],{"class":9707},[56,121015,1217],{"class":827},[56,121017,3988],{"class":378},[56,121019,156],{"class":76},[56,121021,9171],{"class":25284},[56,121023,99],{"class":76},[56,121025,121026,121028,121030,121032],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,121027,373],{"class":72},[56,121029,77],{"class":76},[56,121031,4654],{"class":95},[56,121033,99],{"class":76},[20,121035,121036],{},[37,121037,239],{},[47,121039,121041],{"className":49,"code":121040,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121042,121043,121071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121044,121045,121047,121049,121051,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121046,402],{"class":76},[56,121048,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121050,4619],{"class":1020},[56,121052,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121054,306],{"class":76},[56,121056,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121058,83850],{"class":1020},[56,121060,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121062,306],{"class":76},[56,121064,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121066,119122],{"class":1020},[56,121068,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121070,427],{"class":76},[56,121072,121073,121075,121077,121079,121081,121083,121085,121087,121089,121091,121093,121095,121097],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121074,402],{"class":76},[56,121076,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121078,4619],{"class":1020},[56,121080,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121082,306],{"class":76},[56,121084,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121086,83850],{"class":1020},[56,121088,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121090,306],{"class":76},[56,121092,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121094,119122],{"class":1020},[56,121096,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121098,427],{"class":76},[20,121100,958,121101,121103],{},[15,121102,79075],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121105,121106,121107,156],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[264,121108,121110],{"href":121109},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[42,121112,121114],{"id":121113},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121116,121117],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[353,121119,121121,121122,13131],{"id":121120},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121123,78357],{},[20,121125,121126],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[47,121128,121130],{"className":49,"code":121129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121131,121132,121152,121156,121170,121174,121184],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121133,121134,121136,121138,121140,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121135,1594],{"class":65},[56,121137,1217],{"class":827},[56,121139,1220],{"class":76},[56,121141,223],{"class":80},[56,121143,306],{"class":76},[56,121145,409],{"class":80},[56,121147,306],{"class":76},[56,121149,414],{"class":80},[56,121151,427],{"class":76},[56,121153,121154],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121155,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121157,121158,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121159,2775],{"class":65},[56,121161,1217],{"class":827},[56,121163,4804],{"class":65},[56,121165,156],{"class":76},[56,121167,35329],{"class":95},[56,121169,9174],{"class":76},[56,121171,121172],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,121173,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121175,121176,121178,121180,121182],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,121177,373],{"class":72},[56,121179,77],{"class":76},[56,121181,2809],{"class":95},[56,121183,99],{"class":76},[56,121185,121186,121188,121190,121192],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,121187,373],{"class":72},[56,121189,77],{"class":76},[56,121191,1618],{"class":95},[56,121193,99],{"class":76},[20,121195,121196],{},[37,121197,239],{},[47,121199,121200],{"className":49,"code":79697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,121201,121202,121206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121203,121204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121205,12342],{"class":4393},[56,121207,121208,121210,121212,121214,121216,121218,121220],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121209,402],{"class":76},[56,121211,529],{"class":80},[56,121213,306],{"class":76},[56,121215,414],{"class":80},[56,121217,306],{"class":76},[56,121219,419],{"class":80},[56,121221,427],{"class":76},[20,121223,12434],{},[173,121225,121226,121231,121236],{},[176,121227,121228,121230],{},[15,121229,120233],{}," sorts the list in place",[176,121232,35544,121233,121235],{},[37,121234,5170],{}," return the sorted list",[176,121237,90474,121238,42664,121240],{},[15,121239,2809],{},[15,121241,4319],{},[353,121243,121245,121246,121248],{"id":121244},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121247,74920],{}," to change the original list",[47,121250,121252],{"className":49,"code":121251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121253,121254,121274,121278,121288,121292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121255,121256,121258,121260,121262,121264,121266,121268,121270,121272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121257,1594],{"class":65},[56,121259,1217],{"class":827},[56,121261,1220],{"class":76},[56,121263,223],{"class":80},[56,121265,306],{"class":76},[56,121267,409],{"class":80},[56,121269,306],{"class":76},[56,121271,414],{"class":80},[56,121273,427],{"class":76},[56,121275,121276],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121277,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121279,121280,121282,121284,121286],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121281,75010],{"class":72},[56,121283,77],{"class":76},[56,121285,1618],{"class":95},[56,121287,99],{"class":76},[56,121289,121290],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,121291,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121293,121294,121296,121298,121300],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,121295,373],{"class":72},[56,121297,77],{"class":76},[56,121299,1618],{"class":95},[56,121301,99],{"class":76},[20,121303,121304],{},[37,121305,239],{},[47,121307,121308],{"className":49,"code":119454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,121309,121310],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121311,121312,121314,121316,121318,121320,121322,121324],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121313,402],{"class":76},[56,121315,223],{"class":80},[56,121317,306],{"class":76},[56,121319,409],{"class":80},[56,121321,306],{"class":76},[56,121323,414],{"class":80},[56,121325,427],{"class":76},[20,121327,121328,121331],{},[15,121329,121330],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121333,1937],{},[47,121335,121337],{"className":49,"code":121336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121338,121339,121359,121363,121377,121381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121340,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121342,1594],{"class":65},[56,121344,1217],{"class":827},[56,121346,1220],{"class":76},[56,121348,223],{"class":80},[56,121350,306],{"class":76},[56,121352,409],{"class":80},[56,121354,306],{"class":76},[56,121356,414],{"class":80},[56,121358,427],{"class":76},[56,121360,121361],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121362,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121364,121365,121367,121369,121371,121373,121375],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121366,56141],{"class":65},[56,121368,1217],{"class":827},[56,121370,75054],{"class":72},[56,121372,77],{"class":76},[56,121374,1618],{"class":95},[56,121376,99],{"class":76},[56,121378,121379],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,121380,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121382,121383,121385,121387,121389],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,121384,373],{"class":72},[56,121386,77],{"class":76},[56,121388,56160],{"class":95},[56,121390,99],{"class":76},[353,121392,121394,121395,121397],{"id":121393},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121396,64810],{}," on a tuple or string",[47,121399,121400],{"className":49,"code":79799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,121401,121402,121414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121403,121404,121406,121408,121410,121412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121405,35217],{"class":65},[56,121407,1217],{"class":827},[56,121409,1231],{"class":1016},[56,121411,51],{"class":1020},[56,121413,3903],{"class":1016},[56,121415,121416,121418,121420,121422],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121417,35238],{"class":65},[56,121419,156],{"class":76},[56,121421,35329],{"class":95},[56,121423,9174],{"class":76},[20,121425,121426,121427,34129],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121428,64810],{},[20,121430,121431,121433],{},[15,121432,64810],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121435,121436,121437,121439,121440,156],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121438,74920],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[264,121441,5676],{"href":6125},[353,121443,121445,121446,119491],{"id":121444},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121447,74920],{},[47,121449,121451],{"className":49,"code":121450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121452,121453,121466,121480,121484,121494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121454,121455,121457,121459,121461,121464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121456,35217],{"class":65},[56,121458,1217],{"class":827},[56,121460,1231],{"class":1016},[56,121462,121463],{"class":1020},"cab",[56,121465,3903],{"class":1016},[56,121467,121468,121470,121472,121474,121476,121478],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121469,2775],{"class":65},[56,121471,1217],{"class":827},[56,121473,75054],{"class":72},[56,121475,77],{"class":76},[56,121477,35238],{"class":95},[56,121479,99],{"class":76},[56,121481,121482],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121483,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121485,121486,121488,121490,121492],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,121487,373],{"class":72},[56,121489,77],{"class":76},[56,121491,2809],{"class":95},[56,121493,99],{"class":76},[56,121495,121496,121498,121500,121502,121504,121506],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,121497,373],{"class":72},[56,121499,77],{"class":76},[56,121501,2312],{"class":378},[56,121503,77],{"class":76},[56,121505,2809],{"class":95},[56,121507,1635],{"class":76},[20,121509,121510],{},[37,121511,239],{},[47,121513,121515],{"className":49,"code":121514,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121516,121517,121545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121518,121519,121521,121523,121525,121527,121529,121531,121533,121535,121537,121539,121541,121543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121520,402],{"class":76},[56,121522,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121524,264],{"class":1020},[56,121526,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121528,306],{"class":76},[56,121530,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121532,1234],{"class":1020},[56,121534,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121536,306],{"class":76},[56,121538,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121540,1243],{"class":1020},[56,121542,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121544,427],{"class":76},[56,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121548,3833],{"class":827},[56,121550,3836],{"class":2610},[56,121552,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121554,379],{"class":1020},[56,121556,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121558,3847],{"class":827},[20,121560,121561],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[42,121563,114012],{"id":114011},[20,121565,121566],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[173,121568,121569,121572,121577,121582,121588],{},[176,121570,121571],{},"confusing a function with a method",[176,121573,121574,121575,54145],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121576,64810],{},[176,121578,121579,121580,13131],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121581,78357],{},[176,121583,121584,121585,121587],{},"trying to use ",[15,121586,64810],{}," on non-list data types",[176,121589,51009,121590,121592],{},[15,121591,74920],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121594,121595],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,121597,121599],{"className":49,"code":121598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121600,121601,121611,121625,121650,121665,121675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121602,121603,121605,121607,121609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121604,373],{"class":72},[56,121606,77],{"class":76},[56,121608,8870],{"class":95},[56,121610,99],{"class":76},[56,121612,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621,121623],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121614,373],{"class":72},[56,121616,77],{"class":76},[56,121618,75010],{"class":72},[56,121620,77],{"class":76},[56,121622,8870],{"class":95},[56,121624,1635],{"class":76},[56,121626,121627,121629,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639,121642,121644,121646,121648],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121628,2775],{"class":65},[56,121630,1217],{"class":827},[56,121632,8926],{"class":65},[56,121634,156],{"class":76},[56,121636,35329],{"class":95},[56,121638,7898],{"class":76},[56,121640,121641],{"class":65},"; ",[56,121643,373],{"class":72},[56,121645,77],{"class":76},[56,121647,2809],{"class":95},[56,121649,99],{"class":76},[56,121651,121652,121654,121656,121658,121660,121663],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,121653,373],{"class":72},[56,121655,77],{"class":76},[56,121657,2312],{"class":378},[56,121659,77],{"class":76},[56,121661,121662],{"class":95},"my_data",[56,121664,1635],{"class":76},[56,121666,121667,121669,121671,121673],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,121668,32683],{"class":72},[56,121670,77],{"class":76},[56,121672,75010],{"class":72},[56,121674,99],{"class":76},[56,121676,121677,121679,121681,121683,121685,121687],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,121678,32683],{"class":72},[56,121680,77],{"class":76},[56,121682,379],{"class":378},[56,121684,156],{"class":76},[56,121686,35329],{"class":25284},[56,121688,99],{"class":76},[20,121690,84860],{},[173,121692,121693,121696,121700,121708],{},[176,121694,121695],{},"whether your original list changed",[176,121697,26551,121698,12239],{},[15,121699,74920],{},[176,121701,121702,121703,121705,121706],{},"whether ",[15,121704,64810],{}," returned ",[15,121707,4319],{},[176,121709,121710],{},"what type of object you are working with",[42,121712,121714],{"id":121713},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121716,121717],{},"Use this rule:",[173,121719,121720,121728],{},[176,121721,121722,121723,121725,121726],{},"Need a ",[37,121724,119816],{},": use ",[15,121727,74920],{},[176,121729,121730,121731,121725,121734],{},"Need to ",[37,121732,121733],{},"change one list directly",[15,121735,78357],{},[20,121737,121738,121739,121741],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121740,74920],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[42,121743,2343],{"id":2342},[353,121745,121747,121748,3422,121750,2363],{"id":121746},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121749,74920],{},[15,121751,78357],{},[20,121753,121754,121756],{},[15,121755,74920],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[353,121758,2357,121760,5700,121762,2363],{"id":121759},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121761,78357],{},[15,121763,4319],{},[20,121765,121766],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[353,121768,2372,121770,121772],{"id":121769},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121771,74920],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121774,121775],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[353,121777,28859,121779,121781],{"id":121778},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121780,64810],{}," on a string?",[20,121783,46871,121784,121786,121787,40440],{},[15,121785,64810],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121788,121789],{},"sorted(string)",[353,121791,12353,121793,4935,121795,121797],{"id":121792},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121794,74920],{},[15,121796,64810],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121799,121800,121801,156],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121802,78581],{},[42,121804,2417],{"id":2416},[173,121806,121807,121813,121819,121823,121827],{},[176,121808,121809],{},[264,121810,13,121811,2430],{"href":75017},[15,121812,74920],{},[176,121814,121815],{},[264,121816,13,121817,11273],{"href":75271},[15,121818,78357],{},[176,121820,121821],{},[264,121822,80362],{"href":78866},[176,121824,121825],{},[264,121826,121110],{"href":121109},[176,121828,121829],{},[264,121830,53273],{"href":51480},[2451,121832,121833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":121835},[121836,121837,121838,121842,121846,121849,121853,121857,121862,121872,121873,121874,121886],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":119904,"depth":87,"text":119905},{"id":118007,"depth":87,"text":119729,"children":121839},[121840],{"id":119971,"depth":102,"text":121841},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78423,"depth":87,"text":80384,"children":121843},[121844],{"id":120148,"depth":102,"text":121845},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120244,"depth":87,"text":120245,"children":121847},[121848],{"id":120270,"depth":102,"text":120271},{"id":120476,"depth":87,"text":121850,"children":121851},"When to use sorted()",[121852],{"id":120498,"depth":102,"text":120499},{"id":120633,"depth":87,"text":121854,"children":121855},"When to use list.sort()",[121856],{"id":120656,"depth":102,"text":120657},{"id":120770,"depth":87,"text":121858,"children":121859},"reverse and key work with both",[121860,121861],{"id":120801,"depth":102,"text":120802},{"id":120929,"depth":102,"text":120930},{"id":121113,"depth":87,"text":121114,"children":121863},[121864,121866,121868,121870],{"id":121120,"depth":102,"text":121865},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121244,"depth":102,"text":121867},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121393,"depth":102,"text":121869},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121444,"depth":102,"text":121871},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114011,"depth":87,"text":114012},{"id":121713,"depth":87,"text":121714},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":121875},[121876,121878,121880,121882,121884],{"id":121746,"depth":102,"text":121877},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121759,"depth":102,"text":121879},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121769,"depth":102,"text":121881},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121778,"depth":102,"text":121883},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121792,"depth":102,"text":121885},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119775,"description":121887},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121893,"title":42685,"body":121894,"description":123626,"extension":2509,"meta":123627,"navigation":105,"path":123628,"seo":123629,"stem":123630,"__hash__":123631},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121895,"toc":123583},[121896,121901,121906,121912,121914,121969,121973,121996,122001,122006,122011,122013,122044,122047,122061,122063,122065,122080,122085,122089,122092,122143,122147,122161,122168,122172,122176,122231,122235,122258,122262,122318,122322,122345,122349,122404,122408,122431,122435,122502,122506,122541,122547,122552,122557,122559,122573,122575,122649,122653,122673,122678,122685,122688,122700,122702,122771,122775,122812,122815,122840,122847,122856,122859,122871,122877,122883,122885,122891,122896,122975,122979,123020,123024,123026,123053,123056,123079,123082,123088,123091,123128,123140,123147,123149,123200,123203,123235,123238,123240,123247,123249,123264,123266,123323,123327,123351,123353,123358,123374,123381,123385,123388,123471,123481,123483,123488,123491,123497,123500,123506,123509,123515,123518,123525,123533,123535,123580],[10,121897,13,121899,18],{"id":121898},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121900,48188],{},[20,121902,22,121903,121905],{},[15,121904,48188],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121907,121908,121909,121911],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121910,48188],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[42,121913,45],{"id":44},[47,121915,121917],{"className":49,"code":121916,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121918,121919,121927,121941,121945,121955],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121920,121921,121923,121925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121922,22164],{"class":65},[56,121924,1217],{"class":827},[56,121926,45733],{"class":80},[56,121928,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121930,35217],{"class":65},[56,121932,1217],{"class":827},[56,121934,49407],{"class":378},[56,121936,77],{"class":76},[56,121938,9831],{"class":95},[56,121940,99],{"class":76},[56,121942,121943],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121944,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,121946,121947,121949,121951,121953],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,121948,373],{"class":72},[56,121950,77],{"class":76},[56,121952,35238],{"class":95},[56,121954,99],{"class":76},[56,121956,121957,121959,121961,121963,121965,121967],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,121958,373],{"class":72},[56,121960,77],{"class":76},[56,121962,2312],{"class":378},[56,121964,77],{"class":76},[56,121966,35238],{"class":95},[56,121968,1635],{"class":76},[20,121970,121971],{},[37,121972,239],{},[47,121974,121976],{"className":49,"code":121975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121977,121978,121982],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121979,121980],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121981,3252],{"class":80},[56,121983,121984,121986,121988,121990,121992,121994],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,121985,3833],{"class":827},[56,121987,3836],{"class":2610},[56,121989,3839],{"class":1016},[56,121991,3988],{"class":1020},[56,121993,3844],{"class":1016},[56,121995,3847],{"class":827},[20,121997,2638,121998,122000],{},[15,121999,48188],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[42,122002,160,122004,163],{"id":122003},"what-str-does",[15,122005,48188],{},[20,122007,122008,122010],{},[15,122009,48188],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122012,2653],{},[173,122014,122015,122022,122029,122036],{},[176,122016,122017,122018,42664,122020],{},"An integer like ",[15,122019,2291],{},[15,122021,42635],{},[176,122023,122024,122025,42664,122027],{},"A float like ",[15,122026,40654],{},[15,122028,48599],{},[176,122030,122031,122032,42664,122034],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122033,4146],{},[15,122035,7172],{},[176,122037,122038,122039,42664,122041],{},"A list like ",[15,122040,75742],{},[15,122042,122043],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122045,122046],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[173,122048,122049,122052,122055,122058],{},[176,122050,122051],{},"print it",[176,122053,122054],{},"combine it with other strings",[176,122056,122057],{},"save it to a file",[176,122059,122060],{},"use it in messages",[42,122062,2702],{"id":2701},[20,122064,7750],{},[47,122066,122068],{"className":49,"code":122067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"str(object)\n",[15,122069,122070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122071,122072,122074,122076,122078],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122073,3988],{"class":378},[56,122075,77],{"class":76},[56,122077,42906],{"class":378},[56,122079,99],{"class":76},[20,122081,21306,122082,122084],{},[15,122083,42906],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122086,122087,8757],{},[15,122088,48188],{},[20,122090,122091],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[47,122093,122095],{"className":49,"code":122094,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122096,122097,122106,122129,122133],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122098,122099,122101,122103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122100,5635],{"class":65},[56,122102,1217],{"class":827},[56,122104,122105],{"class":80}," 100\n",[56,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114,122117,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122109,90494],{"class":65},[56,122111,1217],{"class":827},[56,122113,1231],{"class":1016},[56,122115,122116],{"class":1020},"Your score is ",[56,122118,1017],{"class":1016},[56,122120,2999],{"class":827},[56,122122,49407],{"class":378},[56,122124,77],{"class":76},[56,122126,86007],{"class":95},[56,122128,99],{"class":76},[56,122130,122131],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122132,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122134,122135,122137,122139,122141],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122136,373],{"class":72},[56,122138,77],{"class":76},[56,122140,90511],{"class":95},[56,122142,99],{"class":76},[20,122144,122145],{},[37,122146,239],{},[47,122148,122150],{"className":49,"code":122149,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122151,122152],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122153,122154,122157,122159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122155,122156],{"class":65},"Your score ",[56,122158,1176],{"class":827},[56,122160,122105],{"class":80},[20,122162,2841,122163,122167],{},[264,122164,122165,2848],{"href":2844},[15,122166,2847],{}," can help you check.",[42,122169,122171],{"id":122170},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[353,122173,122175],{"id":122174},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[47,122177,122179],{"className":49,"code":122178,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122180,122181,122189,122203,122207,122217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122182,122183,122185,122187],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122184,2763],{"class":65},[56,122186,1217],{"class":827},[56,122188,3130],{"class":80},[56,122190,122191,122193,122195,122197,122199,122201],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122192,35217],{"class":65},[56,122194,1217],{"class":827},[56,122196,49407],{"class":378},[56,122198,77],{"class":76},[56,122200,234],{"class":95},[56,122202,99],{"class":76},[56,122204,122205],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122206,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122208,122209,122211,122213,122215],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122210,373],{"class":72},[56,122212,77],{"class":76},[56,122214,35238],{"class":95},[56,122216,99],{"class":76},[56,122218,122219,122221,122223,122225,122227,122229],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,122220,373],{"class":72},[56,122222,77],{"class":76},[56,122224,2312],{"class":378},[56,122226,77],{"class":76},[56,122228,35238],{"class":95},[56,122230,1635],{"class":76},[20,122232,122233],{},[37,122234,239],{},[47,122236,122238],{"className":49,"code":122237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122239,122240,122244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122241,122242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122243,2921],{"class":80},[56,122245,122246,122248,122250,122252,122254,122256],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122247,3833],{"class":827},[56,122249,3836],{"class":2610},[56,122251,3839],{"class":1016},[56,122253,3988],{"class":1020},[56,122255,3844],{"class":1016},[56,122257,3847],{"class":827},[353,122259,122261],{"id":122260},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[47,122263,122265],{"className":49,"code":122264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122266,122267,122276,122290,122294,122304],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122268,122269,122271,122273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122270,40898],{"class":65},[56,122272,1217],{"class":827},[56,122274,122275],{"class":80}," 3.14\n",[56,122277,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122279,35217],{"class":65},[56,122281,1217],{"class":827},[56,122283,49407],{"class":378},[56,122285,77],{"class":76},[56,122287,25683],{"class":95},[56,122289,99],{"class":76},[56,122291,122292],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122293,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122295,122296,122298,122300,122302],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122297,373],{"class":72},[56,122299,77],{"class":76},[56,122301,35238],{"class":95},[56,122303,99],{"class":76},[56,122305,122306,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,122307,373],{"class":72},[56,122309,77],{"class":76},[56,122311,2312],{"class":378},[56,122313,77],{"class":76},[56,122315,35238],{"class":95},[56,122317,1635],{"class":76},[20,122319,122320],{},[37,122321,239],{},[47,122323,122325],{"className":49,"code":122324,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122326,122327,122331],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122328,122329],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122330,40688],{"class":80},[56,122332,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341,122343],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122334,3833],{"class":827},[56,122336,3836],{"class":2610},[56,122338,3839],{"class":1016},[56,122340,3988],{"class":1020},[56,122342,3844],{"class":1016},[56,122344,3847],{"class":827},[353,122346,122348],{"id":122347},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[47,122350,122352],{"className":49,"code":122351,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122353,122354,122362,122376,122380,122390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122355,122356,122358,122360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122357,2992],{"class":65},[56,122359,1217],{"class":827},[56,122361,6955],{"class":4393},[56,122363,122364,122366,122368,122370,122372,122374],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122365,35217],{"class":65},[56,122367,1217],{"class":827},[56,122369,49407],{"class":378},[56,122371,77],{"class":76},[56,122373,3017],{"class":95},[56,122375,99],{"class":76},[56,122377,122378],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122379,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122381,122382,122384,122386,122388],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122383,373],{"class":72},[56,122385,77],{"class":76},[56,122387,35238],{"class":95},[56,122389,99],{"class":76},[56,122391,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,122393,373],{"class":72},[56,122395,77],{"class":76},[56,122397,2312],{"class":378},[56,122399,77],{"class":76},[56,122401,35238],{"class":95},[56,122403,1635],{"class":76},[20,122405,122406],{},[37,122407,239],{},[47,122409,122411],{"className":49,"code":122410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122412,122413,122417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122414,122415],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122416,4519],{"class":4393},[56,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122420,3833],{"class":827},[56,122422,3836],{"class":2610},[56,122424,3839],{"class":1016},[56,122426,3988],{"class":1020},[56,122428,3844],{"class":1016},[56,122430,3847],{"class":827},[353,122432,122434],{"id":122433},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[47,122436,122438],{"className":49,"code":122437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122439,122440,122460,122474,122478,122488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122441,122442,122444,122446,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456,122458],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122443,1214],{"class":65},[56,122445,1217],{"class":827},[56,122447,1220],{"class":76},[56,122449,529],{"class":80},[56,122451,306],{"class":76},[56,122453,414],{"class":80},[56,122455,306],{"class":76},[56,122457,419],{"class":80},[56,122459,427],{"class":76},[56,122461,122462,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122463,35217],{"class":65},[56,122465,1217],{"class":827},[56,122467,49407],{"class":378},[56,122469,77],{"class":76},[56,122471,1271],{"class":95},[56,122473,99],{"class":76},[56,122475,122476],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122477,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122479,122480,122482,122484,122486],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122481,373],{"class":72},[56,122483,77],{"class":76},[56,122485,35238],{"class":95},[56,122487,99],{"class":76},[56,122489,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498,122500],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,122491,373],{"class":72},[56,122493,77],{"class":76},[56,122495,2312],{"class":378},[56,122497,77],{"class":76},[56,122499,35238],{"class":95},[56,122501,1635],{"class":76},[20,122503,122504],{},[37,122505,239],{},[47,122507,122509],{"className":49,"code":122508,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122510,122511,122527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122512,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122514,402],{"class":76},[56,122516,529],{"class":80},[56,122518,306],{"class":76},[56,122520,414],{"class":80},[56,122522,306],{"class":76},[56,122524,419],{"class":80},[56,122526,427],{"class":76},[56,122528,122529,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122530,3833],{"class":827},[56,122532,3836],{"class":2610},[56,122534,3839],{"class":1016},[56,122536,3988],{"class":1020},[56,122538,3844],{"class":1016},[56,122540,3847],{"class":827},[20,122542,122543,122544,122546],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[37,122545,5170],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[42,122548,5500,122550],{"id":122549},"when-to-use-str",[15,122551,48188],{},[20,122553,2638,122554,122556],{},[15,122555,48188],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122558,36943],{},[173,122560,122561,122564,122567,122570],{},[176,122562,122563],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[176,122565,122566],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[176,122568,122569],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[176,122571,122572],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122574,986],{},[47,122576,122578],{"className":49,"code":122577,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122579,122580,122592,122600,122604,122639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122581,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122583,8409],{"class":65},[56,122585,1217],{"class":827},[56,122587,1231],{"class":1016},[56,122589,12042],{"class":1020},[56,122591,3903],{"class":1016},[56,122593,122594,122596,122598],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122595,22164],{"class":65},[56,122597,1217],{"class":827},[56,122599,45733],{"class":80},[56,122601,122602],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122603,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122605,122606,122608,122610,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626,122628,122630,122632,122634,122637],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122607,90494],{"class":65},[56,122609,1217],{"class":827},[56,122611,36495],{"class":65},[56,122613,2605],{"class":827},[56,122615,1231],{"class":1016},[56,122617,5322],{"class":1020},[56,122619,1017],{"class":1016},[56,122621,2999],{"class":827},[56,122623,49407],{"class":378},[56,122625,77],{"class":76},[56,122627,9831],{"class":95},[56,122629,4202],{"class":76},[56,122631,2999],{"class":827},[56,122633,1231],{"class":1016},[56,122635,122636],{"class":1020}," years old.",[56,122638,3903],{"class":1016},[56,122640,122641,122643,122645,122647],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,122642,373],{"class":72},[56,122644,77],{"class":76},[56,122646,90511],{"class":95},[56,122648,99],{"class":76},[20,122650,122651],{},[37,122652,239],{},[47,122654,122656],{"className":49,"code":122655,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122657,122658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122659,122660,122663,122665,122667,122670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122661,122662],{"class":65},"Maya ",[56,122664,1176],{"class":827},[56,122666,9838],{"class":80},[56,122668,122669],{"class":65}," years old",[56,122671,122672],{"class":76},".\n",[20,122674,122675,122676,156],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[264,122677,90180],{"href":90179},[42,122679,122681,1682,122683],{"id":122680},"str-vs-print",[15,122682,48188],{},[15,122684,46958],{},[20,122686,122687],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[173,122689,122690,122695],{},[176,122691,122692,122694],{},[15,122693,48188],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[176,122696,122697,122699],{},[15,122698,46958],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122701,986],{},[47,122703,122705],{"className":49,"code":122704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122706,122707,122715,122719,122733,122743,122757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122708,122709,122711,122713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122710,2992],{"class":65},[56,122712,1217],{"class":827},[56,122714,3312],{"class":80},[56,122716,122717],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122718,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122720,122721,122723,122725,122727,122729,122731],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122722,35217],{"class":65},[56,122724,1217],{"class":827},[56,122726,49407],{"class":378},[56,122728,77],{"class":76},[56,122730,3017],{"class":95},[56,122732,99],{"class":76},[56,122734,122735,122737,122739,122741],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122736,373],{"class":72},[56,122738,77],{"class":76},[56,122740,35238],{"class":95},[56,122742,99],{"class":76},[56,122744,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753,122755],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,122746,373],{"class":72},[56,122748,77],{"class":76},[56,122750,2312],{"class":378},[56,122752,77],{"class":76},[56,122754,35238],{"class":95},[56,122756,1635],{"class":76},[56,122758,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767,122769],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,122760,373],{"class":72},[56,122762,77],{"class":76},[56,122764,2312],{"class":378},[56,122766,77],{"class":76},[56,122768,3017],{"class":95},[56,122770,1635],{"class":76},[20,122772,122773],{},[37,122774,239],{},[47,122776,122778],{"className":49,"code":122777,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122779,122780,122784,122798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122781,122782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122783,47118],{"class":80},[56,122785,122786,122788,122790,122792,122794,122796],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122787,3833],{"class":827},[56,122789,3836],{"class":2610},[56,122791,3839],{"class":1016},[56,122793,3988],{"class":1020},[56,122795,3844],{"class":1016},[56,122797,3847],{"class":827},[56,122799,122800,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122801,3833],{"class":827},[56,122803,3836],{"class":2610},[56,122805,3839],{"class":1016},[56,122807,2734],{"class":1020},[56,122809,3844],{"class":1016},[56,122811,3847],{"class":827},[20,122813,122814],{},"Notice:",[173,122816,122817,122823,122828],{},[176,122818,122819,122822],{},[15,122820,122821],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[176,122824,122825,122827],{},[15,122826,46958],{}," only displayed values",[176,122829,122830,122832,122833,122835,122836,783,122838],{},[15,122831,46958],{}," did not change ",[15,122834,3017],{}," from ",[15,122837,2734],{},[15,122839,3988],{},[20,122841,122842,122843,156],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[264,122844,122845,2848],{"href":46955},[15,122846,46958],{},[42,122848,122850,1682,122852,122855],{"id":122849},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122851,48188],{},[15,122853,122854],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122857,122858],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[173,122860,122861,122866],{},[176,122862,122863,122865],{},[15,122864,48188],{}," is the more readable text version",[176,122867,122868,122870],{},[15,122869,122854],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122872,122873,122874,122876],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122875,48188],{}," much more often.",[20,122878,122879,122880,122882],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122881,48188],{}," is usually the right choice.",[42,122884,1690],{"id":1689},[353,122886,26307,122888,122890],{"id":122887},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122889,48188],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122892,122893,122895],{},[15,122894,48188],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[47,122897,122899],{"className":49,"code":122898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122900,122901,122909,122923,122927,122937,122951,122961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122902,122903,122905,122907],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122904,22164],{"class":65},[56,122906,1217],{"class":827},[56,122908,45733],{"class":80},[56,122910,122911,122913,122915,122917,122919,122921],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122912,35217],{"class":65},[56,122914,1217],{"class":827},[56,122916,49407],{"class":378},[56,122918,77],{"class":76},[56,122920,9831],{"class":95},[56,122922,99],{"class":76},[56,122924,122925],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122926,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,122928,122929,122931,122933,122935],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,122930,373],{"class":72},[56,122932,77],{"class":76},[56,122934,9831],{"class":95},[56,122936,99],{"class":76},[56,122938,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122949],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,122940,373],{"class":72},[56,122942,77],{"class":76},[56,122944,2312],{"class":378},[56,122946,77],{"class":76},[56,122948,9831],{"class":95},[56,122950,1635],{"class":76},[56,122952,122953,122955,122957,122959],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,122954,373],{"class":72},[56,122956,77],{"class":76},[56,122958,35238],{"class":95},[56,122960,99],{"class":76},[56,122962,122963,122965,122967,122969,122971,122973],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,122964,373],{"class":72},[56,122966,77],{"class":76},[56,122968,2312],{"class":378},[56,122970,77],{"class":76},[56,122972,35238],{"class":95},[56,122974,1635],{"class":76},[20,122976,122977],{},[37,122978,239],{},[47,122980,122982],{"className":49,"code":122981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122983,122984,122988,123002,123006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122985,122986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122987,3252],{"class":80},[56,122989,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998,123000],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,122991,3833],{"class":827},[56,122993,3836],{"class":2610},[56,122995,3839],{"class":1016},[56,122997,2734],{"class":1020},[56,122999,3844],{"class":1016},[56,123001,3847],{"class":827},[56,123003,123004],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123005,3252],{"class":80},[56,123007,123008,123010,123012,123014,123016,123018],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,123009,3833],{"class":827},[56,123011,3836],{"class":2610},[56,123013,3839],{"class":1016},[56,123015,3988],{"class":1020},[56,123017,3844],{"class":1016},[56,123019,3847],{"class":827},[353,123021,123023],{"id":123022},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123025,7219],{},[47,123027,123029],{"className":49,"code":123028,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123030,123031,123039],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123032,123033,123035,123037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123034,22164],{"class":65},[56,123036,1217],{"class":827},[56,123038,45733],{"class":80},[56,123040,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123042,35217],{"class":65},[56,123044,1217],{"class":827},[56,123046,49407],{"class":378},[56,123048,77],{"class":76},[56,123050,9831],{"class":95},[56,123052,99],{"class":76},[20,123054,123055],{},"But if you only do this:",[47,123057,123059],{"className":49,"code":123058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123060,123061,123069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123062,123063,123065,123067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123064,22164],{"class":65},[56,123066,1217],{"class":827},[56,123068,45733],{"class":80},[56,123070,123071,123073,123075,123077],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123072,3988],{"class":378},[56,123074,77],{"class":76},[56,123076,9831],{"class":95},[56,123078,99],{"class":76},[20,123080,123081],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[353,123083,958,123085,123087],{"id":123084},"using-str-too-early",[15,123086,48188],{}," too early",[20,123089,123090],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[47,123092,123094],{"className":49,"code":123093,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123095,123096,123104,123119,123123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123097,123098,123100,123102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123099,40898],{"class":65},[56,123101,1217],{"class":827},[56,123103,3130],{"class":80},[56,123105,123106,123109,123111,123113,123115,123117],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123107,123108],{"class":65},"text_price ",[56,123110,1217],{"class":827},[56,123112,49407],{"class":378},[56,123114,77],{"class":76},[56,123116,25683],{"class":95},[56,123118,99],{"class":76},[56,123120,123121],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123122,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,123124,123125],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,123126,123127],{"class":112},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123129,123130,123131,3422,123135,123139],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[264,123132,123133],{"href":3418},[15,123134,3421],{},[264,123136,123137],{"href":3425},[15,123138,3428],{},", depending on the situation.",[353,123141,8983,123143,123146],{"id":123142},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123144,123145],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123148,65142],{},[47,123150,123152],{"className":49,"code":123151,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123153,123154,123186],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123155,123156,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178,123180,123182,123184],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123157,1214],{"class":65},[56,123159,1217],{"class":827},[56,123161,1220],{"class":76},[56,123163,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123165,4619],{"class":1020},[56,123167,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123169,306],{"class":76},[56,123171,1231],{"class":1016},[56,123173,4628],{"class":1020},[56,123175,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123177,306],{"class":76},[56,123179,1231],{"class":1016},[56,123181,33751],{"class":1020},[56,123183,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123185,427],{"class":76},[56,123187,123188,123190,123192,123194,123196,123198],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123189,373],{"class":72},[56,123191,77],{"class":76},[56,123193,3988],{"class":378},[56,123195,77],{"class":76},[56,123197,1271],{"class":95},[56,123199,1635],{"class":76},[20,123201,123202],{},"prints:",[47,123204,123205],{"className":49,"code":73332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,123206,123207],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123208,123209,123211,123213,123215,123217,123219,123221,123223,123225,123227,123229,123231,123233],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123210,402],{"class":76},[56,123212,3844],{"class":1016},[56,123214,4619],{"class":1020},[56,123216,3844],{"class":1016},[56,123218,306],{"class":76},[56,123220,3839],{"class":1016},[56,123222,4628],{"class":1020},[56,123224,3844],{"class":1016},[56,123226,306],{"class":76},[56,123228,3839],{"class":1016},[56,123230,33751],{"class":1020},[56,123232,3844],{"class":1016},[56,123234,427],{"class":76},[20,123236,123237],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[42,123239,17954],{"id":17953},[20,123241,123242,22511,123244,156],{},[15,123243,48188],{},[37,123245,123246],{},"new string",[20,123248,11991],{},[173,123250,123251,123254,123257],{},[176,123252,123253],{},"It always returns a string",[176,123255,123256],{},"It does not modify the original object",[176,123258,8296,123259,123263],{},[264,123260,123261],{"href":2844},[15,123262,2847],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123265,986],{},[47,123267,123269],{"className":49,"code":123268,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123270,123271,123279,123294,123298,123309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123272,123273,123275,123277],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123274,2992],{"class":65},[56,123276,1217],{"class":827},[56,123278,14665],{"class":80},[56,123280,123281,123284,123286,123288,123290,123292],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123282,123283],{"class":65},"converted ",[56,123285,1217],{"class":827},[56,123287,49407],{"class":378},[56,123289,77],{"class":76},[56,123291,3017],{"class":95},[56,123293,99],{"class":76},[56,123295,123296],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123297,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,123299,123300,123302,123304,123307],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,123301,373],{"class":72},[56,123303,77],{"class":76},[56,123305,123306],{"class":95},"converted",[56,123308,99],{"class":76},[56,123310,123311,123313,123315,123317,123319,123321],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,123312,373],{"class":72},[56,123314,77],{"class":76},[56,123316,2312],{"class":378},[56,123318,77],{"class":76},[56,123320,123306],{"class":95},[56,123322,1635],{"class":76},[20,123324,123325],{},[37,123326,239],{},[47,123328,123330],{"className":49,"code":123329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123331,123332,123337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123333,123334],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123335,123336],{"class":80},"99\n",[56,123338,123339,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123340,3833],{"class":827},[56,123342,3836],{"class":2610},[56,123344,3839],{"class":1016},[56,123346,3988],{"class":1020},[56,123348,3844],{"class":1016},[56,123350,3847],{"class":827},[42,123352,114012],{"id":114011},[20,123354,123355,123356,75311],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123357,48188],{},[173,123359,123360,123363,123366,123371],{},[176,123361,123362],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[176,123364,123365],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[176,123367,958,123368,123370],{},[15,123369,48188],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[176,123372,123373],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123375,123376,123377,156],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[264,123378,26212,123379],{"href":90892},[15,123380,90893],{},[42,123382,123384],{"id":123383},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123386,123387],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[47,123389,123391],{"className":49,"code":123390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123392,123393,123401,123405,123415,123429,123433,123447,123457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123394,123395,123397,123399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123396,2992],{"class":65},[56,123398,1217],{"class":827},[56,123400,45733],{"class":80},[56,123402,123403],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123404,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,123406,123407,123409,123411,123413],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123408,373],{"class":72},[56,123410,77],{"class":76},[56,123412,3017],{"class":95},[56,123414,99],{"class":76},[56,123416,123417,123419,123421,123423,123425,123427],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,123418,373],{"class":72},[56,123420,77],{"class":76},[56,123422,2312],{"class":378},[56,123424,77],{"class":76},[56,123426,3017],{"class":95},[56,123428,1635],{"class":76},[56,123430,123431],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,123432,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,123434,123435,123437,123439,123441,123443,123445],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,123436,123283],{"class":65},[56,123438,1217],{"class":827},[56,123440,49407],{"class":378},[56,123442,77],{"class":76},[56,123444,3017],{"class":95},[56,123446,99],{"class":76},[56,123448,123449,123451,123453,123455],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,123450,373],{"class":72},[56,123452,77],{"class":76},[56,123454,123306],{"class":95},[56,123456,99],{"class":76},[56,123458,123459,123461,123463,123465,123467,123469],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,123460,373],{"class":72},[56,123462,77],{"class":76},[56,123464,2312],{"class":378},[56,123466,77],{"class":76},[56,123468,123306],{"class":95},[56,123470,1635],{"class":76},[20,123472,123473,123474,2735,123476,123478,123479,156],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123475,2734],{},[15,123477,2738],{},", or another type into ",[15,123480,3988],{},[42,123482,2343],{"id":2342},[353,123484,5682,123486,5685],{"id":123485},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123487,48188],{},[20,123489,123490],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[353,123492,2347,123494,123496],{"id":123493},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123495,48188],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123498,123499],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[353,123501,2372,123503,123505],{"id":123502},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123504,48188],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123507,123508],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[353,123510,94876,123512,123514],{"id":123511},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123513,48188],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123516,123517],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[353,123519,2385,123521,57705,123523,2363],{"id":123520},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123522,48188],{},[15,123524,46958],{},[20,123526,46871,123527,123529,123530,123532],{},[15,123528,48188],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123531,46958],{}," shows output.",[42,123534,2417],{"id":2416},[173,123536,123537,123543,123549,123555,123561,123570,123574],{},[176,123538,123539],{},[264,123540,123541,2430],{"href":46955},[15,123542,46958],{},[176,123544,123545],{},[264,123546,123547,2430],{"href":2844},[15,123548,2847],{},[176,123550,123551],{},[264,123552,123553,2430],{"href":3418},[15,123554,3421],{},[176,123556,123557],{},[264,123558,123559,2430],{"href":3425},[15,123560,3428],{},[176,123562,123563],{},[264,123564,123566,123567,123569],{"href":123565},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123568,2734],{}," to string in Python",[176,123571,123572],{},[264,123573,91169],{"href":90179},[176,123575,123576],{},[264,123577,30877,123578],{"href":90892},[15,123579,90893],{},[2451,123581,123582],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":123584},[123585,123586,123588,123589,123595,123597,123599,123601,123610,123611,123612,123613,123625],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":122003,"depth":87,"text":123587},"What str() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":122170,"depth":87,"text":122171,"children":123590},[123591,123592,123593,123594],{"id":122174,"depth":102,"text":122175},{"id":122260,"depth":102,"text":122261},{"id":122347,"depth":102,"text":122348},{"id":122433,"depth":102,"text":122434},{"id":122549,"depth":87,"text":123596},"When to use str()",{"id":122680,"depth":87,"text":123598},"str() vs print()",{"id":122849,"depth":87,"text":123600},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":123602},[123603,123605,123606,123608],{"id":122887,"depth":102,"text":123604},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123022,"depth":102,"text":123023},{"id":123084,"depth":102,"text":123607},"Using str() too early",{"id":123142,"depth":102,"text":123609},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":114011,"depth":87,"text":114012},{"id":123383,"depth":87,"text":123384},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":123614},[123615,123617,123619,123621,123623],{"id":123485,"depth":102,"text":123616},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123493,"depth":102,"text":123618},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123502,"depth":102,"text":123620},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123511,"depth":102,"text":123622},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123520,"depth":102,"text":123624},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42685,"description":123626},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123633,"title":123634,"body":123635,"description":125088,"extension":2509,"meta":125089,"navigation":105,"path":125090,"seo":125091,"stem":125092,"__hash__":125093},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123636,"toc":125050},[123637,123643,123649,123652,123674,123676,123738,123740,123753,123759,123764,123769,123771,123784,123795,123797,123824,123826,123843,123850,123861,123863,123868,123870,123882,123890,123899,123901,123904,123957,123959,123967,123975,123979,123984,124024,124026,124034,124037,124039,124079,124081,124089,124099,124105,124108,124181,124183,124196,124200,124205,124233,124236,124271,124273,124281,124284,124288,124292,124294,124310,124312,124352,124354,124362,124371,124414,124416,124424,124426,124430,124436,124439,124479,124481,124489,124494,124497,124540,124544,124547,124582,124587,124589,124628,124638,124646,124656,124664,124668,124673,124675,124716,124718,124726,124731,124734,124737,124755,124761,124765,124770,124773,124813,124815,124820,124919,124922,124938,124940,124959,124961,124968,124971,124977,124980,124986,124990,124996,124999,125005,125008,125010,125047],[10,123638,123640,123641,11854],{"id":123639},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123642,57790],{},[20,123644,123645,123646,123648],{},"The Python string ",[15,123647,57790],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123650,123651],{},"This reference page explains:",[173,123653,123654,123658,123661,123663,123671],{},[176,123655,26551,123656,163],{},[15,123657,57790],{},[176,123659,123660],{},"its syntax",[176,123662,35924],{},[176,123664,123665,123666,4935,123668,123670],{},"how ",[15,123667,303],{},[15,123669,53162],{}," work",[176,123672,123673],{},"common beginner mistakes",[42,123675,45],{"id":44},[47,123677,123679],{"className":49,"code":123678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123680,123681,123693,123715],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123682,123683,123685,123687,123689,123691],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123684,35217],{"class":65},[56,123686,1217],{"class":827},[56,123688,1231],{"class":1016},[56,123690,4628],{"class":1020},[56,123692,3903],{"class":1016},[56,123694,123695,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123696,373],{"class":72},[56,123698,77],{"class":76},[56,123700,35238],{"class":95},[56,123702,156],{"class":76},[56,123704,41770],{"class":95},[56,123706,77],{"class":76},[56,123708,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123710,264],{"class":1020},[56,123712,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123714,1635],{"class":76},[56,123716,123717,123719,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731,123734,123736],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123718,373],{"class":72},[56,123720,77],{"class":76},[56,123722,35238],{"class":95},[56,123724,156],{"class":76},[56,123726,41770],{"class":95},[56,123728,77],{"class":76},[56,123730,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123732,123733],{"class":1020},"na",[56,123735,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123737,1635],{"class":76},[20,123739,239],{},[47,123741,123743],{"className":49,"code":123742,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n2\n",[15,123744,123745,123749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123746,123747],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123748,47123],{"class":80},[56,123750,123751],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123752,259],{"class":80},[20,123754,2638,123755,123758],{},[15,123756,123757],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[42,123760,13530,123762,13533],{"id":123761},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123763,57790],{},[20,123765,123766,123768],{},[15,123767,57790],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123770,171],{},[173,123772,123773,123776,123779,123781],{},[176,123774,123775],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[176,123777,123778],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[176,123780,44165],{},[176,123782,123783],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123785,123786,123787,123789,123790,2735,123792,123794],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123788,18631],{}," characters are in ",[15,123791,65772],{},[15,123793,57790],{}," is a simple choice.",[42,123796,2702],{"id":2701},[47,123798,123800],{"className":49,"code":123799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123801,123802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123803,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123805,61673],{"class":65},[56,123807,156],{"class":76},[56,123809,41770],{"class":95},[56,123811,77],{"class":76},[56,123813,3017],{"class":95},[56,123815,306],{"class":76},[56,123817,36576],{"class":95},[56,123819,306],{"class":76},[56,123821,65539],{"class":95},[56,123823,99],{"class":76},[353,123825,17930],{"id":17929},[173,123827,123828,123833,123838],{},[176,123829,123830,123832],{},[15,123831,3017],{},": the text to search for",[176,123834,123835,123837],{},[15,123836,303],{},": optional; where counting begins",[176,123839,123840,123842],{},[15,123841,53162],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123844,123845,4935,123847,123849],{},[15,123846,303],{},[15,123848,53162],{}," work like slice positions:",[173,123851,123852,123857],{},[176,123853,123854,123856],{},[15,123855,303],{}," is included",[176,123858,123859,76235],{},[15,123860,53162],{},[42,123862,17954],{"id":17953},[20,123864,123865,123867],{},[15,123866,57790],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123869,2671],{},[173,123871,123872,123877],{},[176,123873,123874,123875],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123876,223],{},[176,123878,123879,123880],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123881,152],{},[20,123883,41416,123884,5700,123886,3422,123888,156],{},[37,123885,5170],{},[15,123887,4146],{},[15,123889,4215],{},[20,123891,123892,123893,123898],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[264,123894,123896,101886],{"href":123895},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123897,69],{}," is often a better fit.",[42,123900,12008],{"id":12007},[20,123902,123903],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[47,123905,123907],{"className":49,"code":123906,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123908,123909,123921,123943,123947],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123910,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123912,35217],{"class":65},[56,123914,1217],{"class":827},[56,123916,1231],{"class":1016},[56,123918,4619],{"class":1020},[56,123920,3903],{"class":1016},[56,123922,123923,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,123924,2775],{"class":65},[56,123926,1217],{"class":827},[56,123928,43348],{"class":65},[56,123930,156],{"class":76},[56,123932,41770],{"class":95},[56,123934,77],{"class":76},[56,123936,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123938,20],{"class":1020},[56,123940,1017],{"class":1016},[56,123942,99],{"class":76},[56,123944,123945],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123946,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,123948,123949,123951,123953,123955],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,123950,373],{"class":72},[56,123952,77],{"class":76},[56,123954,2809],{"class":95},[56,123956,99],{"class":76},[20,123958,239],{},[47,123960,123961],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,123962,123963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123964,123965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123966,259],{"class":80},[20,123968,64318,123969,123972,123973,156],{},[15,123970,123971],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123974,58333],{},[42,123976,123978],{"id":123977},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123980,123981,123983],{},[15,123982,57790],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[47,123985,123987],{"className":49,"code":123986,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123988,123989,124002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123990,123991,123993,123995,123997,124000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123992,35217],{"class":65},[56,123994,1217],{"class":827},[56,123996,1231],{"class":1016},[56,123998,123999],{"class":1020},"cat dog cat bird cat",[56,124001,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124003,124004,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124005,373],{"class":72},[56,124007,77],{"class":76},[56,124009,35238],{"class":95},[56,124011,156],{"class":76},[56,124013,41770],{"class":95},[56,124015,77],{"class":76},[56,124017,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124019,37561],{"class":1020},[56,124021,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124023,1635],{"class":76},[20,124025,239],{},[47,124027,124028],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124029,124030],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124031,124032],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124033,47123],{"class":80},[20,124035,124036],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124038,986],{},[47,124040,124042],{"className":49,"code":124041,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124043,124044,124057],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124045,124046,124048,124050,124052,124055],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124047,35217],{"class":65},[56,124049,1217],{"class":827},[56,124051,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124053,124054],{"class":1020},"one One one",[56,124056,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124058,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124060,373],{"class":72},[56,124062,77],{"class":76},[56,124064,35238],{"class":95},[56,124066,156],{"class":76},[56,124068,41770],{"class":95},[56,124070,77],{"class":76},[56,124072,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124074,7116],{"class":1020},[56,124076,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124078,1635],{"class":76},[20,124080,239],{},[47,124082,124083],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124084,124085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124086,124087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124088,259],{"class":80},[20,124090,124091,124092,124095,124096,124098],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124093,124094],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124097,57790],{}," is case-sensitive.",[42,124100,958,124101,4935,124103],{"id":65904},[15,124102,303],{},[15,124104,53162],{},[20,124106,124107],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[47,124109,124111],{"className":49,"code":124110,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124112,124113,124125,124151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124114,124115,124117,124119,124121,124123],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124116,35217],{"class":65},[56,124118,1217],{"class":827},[56,124120,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124122,4628],{"class":1020},[56,124124,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124126,124127,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137,124139,124141,124143,124145,124147,124149],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124128,373],{"class":72},[56,124130,77],{"class":76},[56,124132,35238],{"class":95},[56,124134,156],{"class":76},[56,124136,41770],{"class":95},[56,124138,77],{"class":76},[56,124140,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124142,264],{"class":1020},[56,124144,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124146,306],{"class":76},[56,124148,414],{"class":80},[56,124150,1635],{"class":76},[56,124152,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124154,373],{"class":72},[56,124156,77],{"class":76},[56,124158,35238],{"class":95},[56,124160,156],{"class":76},[56,124162,41770],{"class":95},[56,124164,77],{"class":76},[56,124166,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124168,264],{"class":1020},[56,124170,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124172,306],{"class":76},[56,124174,414],{"class":80},[56,124176,306],{"class":76},[56,124178,496],{"class":80},[56,124180,1635],{"class":76},[20,124182,239],{},[47,124184,124186],{"className":49,"code":124185,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n1\n",[15,124187,124188,124192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124189,124190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124191,259],{"class":80},[56,124193,124194],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124195,254],{"class":80},[353,124197,124199],{"id":124198},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124201,124202,124203,1045],{},"In ",[15,124204,65772],{},[173,124206,124207,124215,124223],{},[176,124208,71461,124209,124211,124212],{},[15,124210,463],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124213,124214],{},"\"n\"",[176,124216,124217,124220,124221,76533],{},[15,124218,124219],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124222,463],{},[176,124224,124225,124220,124228,124230,124231],{},[15,124226,124227],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124229,463],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124232,81],{},[20,124234,124235],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[47,124237,124239],{"className":49,"code":124238,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124240,124241,124253],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124242,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124244,35217],{"class":65},[56,124246,1217],{"class":827},[56,124248,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124250,4628],{"class":1020},[56,124252,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124254,124255,124257,124259,124261,124263,124265,124267,124269],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124256,373],{"class":72},[56,124258,77],{"class":76},[56,124260,35238],{"class":95},[56,124262,402],{"class":76},[56,124264,463],{"class":80},[56,124266,1045],{"class":76},[56,124268,81],{"class":80},[56,124270,1294],{"class":76},[20,124272,239],{},[47,124274,124275],{"className":49,"code":41979,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124276,124277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124278,124279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124280,41979],{"class":65},[20,124282,124283],{},"Only that section is searched.",[42,124285,124287],{"id":124286},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124289,124290,124098],{},[15,124291,57790],{},[20,124293,2653],{},[173,124295,124296,124304],{},[176,124297,124298,4935,124300,124303],{},[15,124299,18631],{},[15,124301,124302],{},"\"A\""," are different",[176,124305,124306,4935,124308,124303],{},[15,124307,65033],{},[15,124309,1112],{},[20,124311,986],{},[47,124313,124315],{"className":49,"code":124314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124316,124317,124330],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124318,124319,124321,124323,124325,124328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124320,35217],{"class":65},[56,124322,1217],{"class":827},[56,124324,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124326,124327],{"class":1020},"Apple apple APPLE",[56,124329,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124333,373],{"class":72},[56,124335,77],{"class":76},[56,124337,35238],{"class":95},[56,124339,156],{"class":76},[56,124341,41770],{"class":95},[56,124343,77],{"class":76},[56,124345,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124347,4619],{"class":1020},[56,124349,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124351,1635],{"class":76},[20,124353,239],{},[47,124355,124356],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124357,124358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124359,124360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124361,254],{"class":80},[20,124363,124364,124365,1045],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[264,124366,124368],{"href":124367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124369,124370],{},"lower()",[47,124372,124374],{"className":49,"code":124373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124375,124376,124388],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124377,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124379,35217],{"class":65},[56,124381,1217],{"class":827},[56,124383,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124385,124327],{"class":1020},[56,124387,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124389,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408,124410,124412],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124391,373],{"class":72},[56,124393,77],{"class":76},[56,124395,35238],{"class":95},[56,124397,156],{"class":76},[56,124399,9171],{"class":95},[56,124401,9168],{"class":76},[56,124403,41770],{"class":95},[56,124405,77],{"class":76},[56,124407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124409,4619],{"class":1020},[56,124411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124413,1635],{"class":76},[20,124415,239],{},[47,124417,124418],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124419,124420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124421,124422],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124423,47123],{"class":80},[42,124425,3374],{"id":3373},[20,124427,23631,124428,156],{},[15,124429,57790],{},[353,124431,8983,124433,124435],{"id":124432},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124434,57790],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124437,124438],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[47,124440,124442],{"className":49,"code":124441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124443,124444,124457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124445,124446,124448,124450,124452,124455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124447,35217],{"class":65},[56,124449,1217],{"class":827},[56,124451,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124453,124454],{"class":1020},"Aardvark",[56,124456,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124458,124459,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469,124471,124473,124475,124477],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124460,373],{"class":72},[56,124462,77],{"class":76},[56,124464,35238],{"class":95},[56,124466,156],{"class":76},[56,124468,41770],{"class":95},[56,124470,77],{"class":76},[56,124472,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124474,264],{"class":1020},[56,124476,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124478,1635],{"class":76},[20,124480,239],{},[47,124482,124483],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124484,124485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124486,124487],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124488,259],{"class":80},[20,124490,124091,124491,124493],{},[15,124492,124302],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124495,124496],{},"If needed, convert first:",[47,124498,124500],{"className":49,"code":124499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124501,124502,124514],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124503,124504,124506,124508,124510,124512],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124505,35217],{"class":65},[56,124507,1217],{"class":827},[56,124509,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124511,124454],{"class":1020},[56,124513,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124515,124516,124518,124520,124522,124524,124526,124528,124530,124532,124534,124536,124538],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124517,373],{"class":72},[56,124519,77],{"class":76},[56,124521,35238],{"class":95},[56,124523,156],{"class":76},[56,124525,9171],{"class":95},[56,124527,9168],{"class":76},[56,124529,41770],{"class":95},[56,124531,77],{"class":76},[56,124533,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124535,264],{"class":1020},[56,124537,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124539,1635],{"class":76},[353,124541,124543],{"id":124542},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124545,124546],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[47,124548,124550],{"className":49,"code":124549,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124551,124552,124564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124553,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124555,35217],{"class":65},[56,124557,1217],{"class":827},[56,124559,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124561,4628],{"class":1020},[56,124563,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124565,124566,124568,124570,124572,124574,124576,124578,124580],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124567,373],{"class":72},[56,124569,77],{"class":76},[56,124571,35238],{"class":95},[56,124573,156],{"class":76},[56,124575,41770],{"class":95},[56,124577,77],{"class":76},[56,124579,264],{"class":95},[56,124581,1635],{"class":76},[20,124583,124584,124585,156],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124586,264],{},[20,124588,1937],{},[47,124590,124592],{"className":49,"code":124591,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124593,124594,124606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124595,124596,124598,124600,124602,124604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124597,35217],{"class":65},[56,124599,1217],{"class":827},[56,124601,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124603,4628],{"class":1020},[56,124605,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124607,124608,124610,124612,124614,124616,124618,124620,124622,124624,124626],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124609,373],{"class":72},[56,124611,77],{"class":76},[56,124613,35238],{"class":95},[56,124615,156],{"class":76},[56,124617,41770],{"class":95},[56,124619,77],{"class":76},[56,124621,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124623,264],{"class":1020},[56,124625,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124627,1635],{"class":76},[353,124629,37718,124631,9236,124633,3422,124636],{"id":124630},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124632,57790],{},[15,124634,124635],{},"find()",[15,124637,59468],{},[20,124639,2638,124640,124642,124643,156],{},[15,124641,57790],{}," when you need the ",[37,124644,124645],{},"number of matches",[20,124647,2638,124648,124642,124653,124655],{},[264,124649,124651],{"href":124650},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124652,124635],{},[37,124654,65445],{}," of the first match.",[20,124657,2638,124658,124663],{},[264,124659,124661],{"href":124660},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124662,59468],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[353,124665,124667],{"id":124666},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124669,124670,124672],{},[15,124671,57790],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124674,986],{},[47,124676,124678],{"className":49,"code":124677,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124679,124680,124693],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124681,124682,124684,124686,124688,124691],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124683,35217],{"class":65},[56,124685,1217],{"class":827},[56,124687,1231],{"class":1016},[56,124689,124690],{"class":1020},"aaaa",[56,124692,3903],{"class":1016},[56,124694,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709,124712,124714],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124696,373],{"class":72},[56,124698,77],{"class":76},[56,124700,35238],{"class":95},[56,124702,156],{"class":76},[56,124704,41770],{"class":95},[56,124706,77],{"class":76},[56,124708,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124710,124711],{"class":1020},"aa",[56,124713,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124715,1635],{"class":76},[20,124717,239],{},[47,124719,124720],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124721,124722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124723,124724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124725,259],{"class":80},[20,124727,124728,124729,156],{},"It does not return ",[15,124730,223],{},[20,124732,124733],{},"Why not?",[20,124735,124736],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[173,124738,124739,124748],{},[176,124740,124741,124744,124745],{},[15,124742,124743],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124746,124747],{},"0-1",[176,124749,124750,124744,124752],{},[15,124751,124743],{},[15,124753,124754],{},"2-3",[20,124756,124757,124758,156],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124759,124760],{},"1-2",[42,124762,5500,124763],{"id":58873},[15,124764,57790],{},[20,124766,2638,124767,124769],{},[15,124768,57790],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124771,124772],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[173,124774,124775,124784,124794,124804],{},[176,124776,2638,124777,124779,124780,124783],{},[15,124778,57790],{}," when you need ",[37,124781,124782],{},"how many times"," something appears",[176,124785,2638,124786,124779,124790,124793],{},[264,124787,124788],{"href":124650},[15,124789,124635],{},[37,124791,124792],{},"where"," it appears",[176,124795,48315,124796,124800,124801],{},[264,124797,124798,101886],{"href":123895},[15,124799,69],{}," when you only need to know ",[37,124802,124803],{},"if it exists",[176,124805,2638,124806,124812],{},[264,124807,124809],{"href":124808},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124810,124811],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[42,124814,26475],{"id":26474},[20,124816,2211,124817,124819],{},[15,124818,57790],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[47,124821,124823],{"className":49,"code":124822,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124824,124825,124835,124849,124871,124897],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124826,124827,124829,124831,124833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124828,373],{"class":72},[56,124830,77],{"class":76},[56,124832,35238],{"class":95},[56,124834,99],{"class":76},[56,124836,124837,124839,124841,124843,124845,124847],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,124838,373],{"class":72},[56,124840,77],{"class":76},[56,124842,2312],{"class":378},[56,124844,77],{"class":76},[56,124846,35238],{"class":95},[56,124848,1635],{"class":76},[56,124850,124851,124853,124855,124857,124859,124861,124863,124865,124867,124869],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124852,373],{"class":72},[56,124854,77],{"class":76},[56,124856,35238],{"class":95},[56,124858,156],{"class":76},[56,124860,41770],{"class":95},[56,124862,77],{"class":76},[56,124864,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124866,264],{"class":1020},[56,124868,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124870,1635],{"class":76},[56,124872,124873,124875,124877,124879,124881,124883,124885,124887,124889,124891,124893,124895],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,124874,373],{"class":72},[56,124876,77],{"class":76},[56,124878,35238],{"class":95},[56,124880,156],{"class":76},[56,124882,9171],{"class":95},[56,124884,9168],{"class":76},[56,124886,41770],{"class":95},[56,124888,77],{"class":76},[56,124890,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124892,264],{"class":1020},[56,124894,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124896,1635],{"class":76},[56,124898,124899,124901,124903,124905,124907,124909,124911,124913,124915,124917],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,124900,373],{"class":72},[56,124902,77],{"class":76},[56,124904,35238],{"class":95},[56,124906,156],{"class":76},[56,124908,41770],{"class":95},[56,124910,77],{"class":76},[56,124912,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124914,123733],{"class":1020},[56,124916,1017],{"class":1016},[56,124918,1635],{"class":76},[20,124920,124921],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[173,124923,124924,124927,124932,124935],{},[176,124925,124926],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[176,124928,124929,124931],{},[15,124930,35238],{}," not being a string",[176,124933,124934],{},"counting the wrong substring",[176,124936,124937],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124939,59362],{},[173,124941,124942,124945,124948,124951],{},[176,124943,124944],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[176,124946,124947],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[176,124949,124950],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[176,124952,50995,124953,45137,124955,3422,124957,73807],{},[15,124954,57790],{},[15,124956,124635],{},[15,124958,69],{},[42,124960,2343],{"id":2342},[353,124962,124964,124965,124967],{"id":124963},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124966,57790],{}," change the original string?",[20,124969,124970],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[353,124972,2385,124974,124976],{"id":124973},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124975,57790],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124978,124979],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[353,124981,5682,124983,124985],{"id":124982},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124984,57790],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124987,5688,124988,156],{},[15,124989,152],{},[353,124991,2372,124993,124995],{"id":124992},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124994,57790],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124997,124998],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[353,125000,2347,125002,125004],{"id":125001},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125003,57790],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125006,125007],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[42,125009,2417],{"id":2416},[173,125011,125012,125019,125026,125033,125040],{},[176,125013,125014],{},[264,125015,125016],{"href":124650},[15,125017,125018],{},"Python string find() method",[176,125020,125021],{},[264,125022,125023],{"href":124660},[15,125024,125025],{},"Python string index() method",[176,125027,125028],{},[264,125029,125030],{"href":124367},[15,125031,125032],{},"Python string lower() method",[176,125034,125035],{},[264,125036,125037],{"href":123895},[15,125038,125039],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[176,125041,125042],{},[264,125043,125044],{"href":124808},[15,125045,125046],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2451,125048,125049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":125051},[125052,125053,125055,125058,125059,125060,125061,125064,125065,125073,125074,125075,125087],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":123761,"depth":87,"text":125054},"What the count() method does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":125056},[125057],{"id":17929,"depth":102,"text":17930},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":123977,"depth":87,"text":123978},{"id":65904,"depth":87,"text":66687,"children":125062},[125063],{"id":124198,"depth":102,"text":124199},{"id":124286,"depth":87,"text":124287},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":125066},[125067,125069,125070,125072],{"id":124432,"depth":102,"text":125068},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124542,"depth":102,"text":124543},{"id":124630,"depth":102,"text":125071},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124666,"depth":102,"text":124667},{"id":58873,"depth":87,"text":59504},{"id":26474,"depth":87,"text":26475},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":125076},[125077,125079,125081,125083,125085],{"id":124963,"depth":102,"text":125078},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124973,"depth":102,"text":125080},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124982,"depth":102,"text":125082},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124992,"depth":102,"text":125084},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125001,"depth":102,"text":125086},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123634,"description":125088},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125095,"title":125096,"body":125097,"description":126682,"extension":2509,"meta":126683,"navigation":105,"path":126684,"seo":126685,"stem":126686,"__hash__":126687},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125098,"toc":126655},[125099,125102,125105,125202,125211,125213,125232,125236,125239,125242,125255,125258,125287,125292,125297,125355,125357,125390,125396,125400,125403,125406,125435,125438,125465,125468,125471,125475,125478,125485,125548,125550,125568,125571,125575,125578,125581,125623,125626,125670,125673,125676,125680,125685,125688,125731,125733,125756,125759,125792,125795,125844,125854,125858,125861,125864,125893,125896,125907,125909,125968,125971,125975,125978,125981,125996,126005,126008,126042,126045,126072,126075,126082,126084,126087,126089,126092,126106,126115,126117,126144,126148,126151,126165,126168,126227,126231,126234,126261,126264,126291,126299,126302,126362,126364,126397,126401,126404,126423,126428,126477,126482,126484,126487,126546,126564,126566,126570,126578,126582,126585,126589,126595,126599,126609,126613,126616,126618,126652],[10,125100,125096],{"id":125101},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125103,125104],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[47,125106,125108],{"className":49,"code":125107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125109,125110,125122,125134,125143,125157,125161,125171,125181,125192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125111,125112,125114,125116,125118,125120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125113,8409],{"class":65},[56,125115,1217],{"class":827},[56,125117,1231],{"class":1016},[56,125119,5543],{"class":1020},[56,125121,3903],{"class":1016},[56,125123,125124,125126,125128,125130,125132],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125125,90494],{"class":65},[56,125127,1217],{"class":827},[56,125129,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125131,1102],{"class":1020},[56,125133,30229],{"class":1016},[56,125135,125136,125139,125141],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125137,125138],{"class":65},"empty ",[56,125140,1217],{"class":827},[56,125142,8414],{"class":1016},[56,125144,125145,125147,125149,125151,125153,125155],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,125146,35217],{"class":65},[56,125148,1217],{"class":827},[56,125150,49407],{"class":378},[56,125152,77],{"class":76},[56,125154,50749],{"class":80},[56,125156,99],{"class":76},[56,125158,125159],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,125160,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,125162,125163,125165,125167,125169],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,125164,373],{"class":72},[56,125166,77],{"class":76},[56,125168,8201],{"class":95},[56,125170,99],{"class":76},[56,125172,125173,125175,125177,125179],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,125174,373],{"class":72},[56,125176,77],{"class":76},[56,125178,90511],{"class":95},[56,125180,99],{"class":76},[56,125182,125183,125185,125187,125190],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,125184,373],{"class":72},[56,125186,77],{"class":76},[56,125188,125189],{"class":95},"empty",[56,125191,99],{"class":76},[56,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,125195,373],{"class":72},[56,125197,77],{"class":76},[56,125199,35238],{"class":95},[56,125201,99],{"class":76},[20,125203,125204,125207,125208,125210],{},[37,125205,125206],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125209,48188],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[42,125212,15697],{"id":15696},[173,125214,125215,125218,125221,125224,125229],{},[176,125216,125217],{},"What a string is in Python",[176,125219,125220],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[176,125222,125223],{},"How to create an empty string",[176,125225,125226,125227],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125228,48188],{},[176,125230,125231],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[42,125233,125235],{"id":125234},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125237,125238],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125240,125241],{},"Strings can contain:",[173,125243,125244,125247,125249,125252],{},[176,125245,125246],{},"Letters",[176,125248,56961],{},[176,125250,125251],{},"Spaces",[176,125253,125254],{},"Symbols",[20,125256,125257],{},"Examples of strings:",[47,125259,125261],{"className":49,"code":125260,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125262,125263,125271,125279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125264,125265,125267,125269],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125266,1017],{"class":43835},[56,125268,4386],{"class":43839},[56,125270,3903],{"class":43835},[56,125272,125273,125275,125277],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125274,1017],{"class":43835},[56,125276,50749],{"class":43839},[56,125278,3903],{"class":43835},[56,125280,125281,125283,125285],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125282,1017],{"class":43835},[56,125284,89636],{"class":43839},[56,125286,3903],{"class":43835},[20,125288,21513,125289,125291],{},[15,125290,50799],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125293,125294,125295,1045],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125296,2847],{},[47,125298,125300],{"className":49,"code":125299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125301,125302,125314,125323,125327,125341],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125303,125304,125306,125308,125310,125312],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125305,35217],{"class":65},[56,125307,1217],{"class":827},[56,125309,1231],{"class":1016},[56,125311,50749],{"class":1020},[56,125313,3903],{"class":1016},[56,125315,125316,125318,125320],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125317,2763],{"class":65},[56,125319,1217],{"class":827},[56,125321,125322],{"class":80}," 123\n",[56,125324,125325],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125326,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,125328,125329,125331,125333,125335,125337,125339],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,125330,373],{"class":72},[56,125332,77],{"class":76},[56,125334,2312],{"class":378},[56,125336,77],{"class":76},[56,125338,35238],{"class":95},[56,125340,1635],{"class":76},[56,125342,125343,125345,125347,125349,125351,125353],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,125344,373],{"class":72},[56,125346,77],{"class":76},[56,125348,2312],{"class":378},[56,125350,77],{"class":76},[56,125352,234],{"class":95},[56,125354,1635],{"class":76},[20,125356,239],{},[47,125358,125360],{"className":49,"code":125359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125361,125362,125376],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125363,125364,125366,125368,125370,125372,125374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125365,3833],{"class":827},[56,125367,3836],{"class":2610},[56,125369,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125371,3988],{"class":1020},[56,125373,3844],{"class":1016},[56,125375,3847],{"class":827},[56,125377,125378,125380,125382,125384,125386,125388],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125379,3833],{"class":827},[56,125381,3836],{"class":2610},[56,125383,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125385,2734],{"class":1020},[56,125387,3844],{"class":1016},[56,125389,3847],{"class":827},[20,125391,125392,125393,156],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[264,125394,125395],{"href":51476},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[42,125397,125399],{"id":125398},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125401,125402],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125404,125405],{},"You can use single quotes:",[47,125407,125409],{"className":49,"code":125408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125410,125411,125424],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125412,125413,125416,125418,125420,125422],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125414,125415],{"class":65},"greeting ",[56,125417,1217],{"class":827},[56,125419,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125421,4386],{"class":1020},[56,125423,30229],{"class":1016},[56,125425,125426,125428,125430,125433],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125427,373],{"class":72},[56,125429,77],{"class":76},[56,125431,125432],{"class":95},"greeting",[56,125434,99],{"class":76},[20,125436,125437],{},"Or double quotes:",[47,125439,125441],{"className":49,"code":125440,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125442,125443,125455],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125444,125445,125447,125449,125451,125453],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125446,125415],{"class":65},[56,125448,1217],{"class":827},[56,125450,1231],{"class":1016},[56,125452,4386],{"class":1020},[56,125454,3903],{"class":1016},[56,125456,125457,125459,125461,125463],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125458,373],{"class":72},[56,125460,77],{"class":76},[56,125462,125432],{"class":95},[56,125464,99],{"class":76},[20,125466,125467],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125469,125470],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[42,125472,125474],{"id":125473},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125476,125477],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125479,125480,125481,3422,125483,1045],{},"Use either ",[15,125482,6807],{},[15,125484,4314],{},[47,125486,125488],{"className":49,"code":125487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125489,125490,125499,125508,125512,125523,125534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125491,125492,125495,125497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125493,125494],{"class":65},"empty1 ",[56,125496,1217],{"class":827},[56,125498,8414],{"class":1016},[56,125500,125501,125504,125506],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125502,125503],{"class":65},"empty2 ",[56,125505,1217],{"class":827},[56,125507,48000],{"class":1016},[56,125509,125510],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125511,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,125513,125514,125516,125518,125521],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,125515,373],{"class":72},[56,125517,77],{"class":76},[56,125519,125520],{"class":95},"empty1",[56,125522,99],{"class":76},[56,125524,125525,125527,125529,125532],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,125526,373],{"class":72},[56,125528,77],{"class":76},[56,125530,125531],{"class":95},"empty2",[56,125533,99],{"class":76},[56,125535,125536,125538,125540,125542,125544,125546],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,125537,373],{"class":72},[56,125539,77],{"class":76},[56,125541,2312],{"class":378},[56,125543,77],{"class":76},[56,125545,125520],{"class":95},[56,125547,1635],{"class":76},[20,125549,239],{},[47,125551,125552],{"className":49,"code":46276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,125553,125554],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125555,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564,125566],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125557,3833],{"class":827},[56,125559,3836],{"class":2610},[56,125561,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125563,3988],{"class":1020},[56,125565,3844],{"class":1016},[56,125567,3847],{"class":827},[20,125569,125570],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[42,125572,125574],{"id":125573},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125576,125577],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125579,125580],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[47,125582,125584],{"className":49,"code":125583,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125585,125586,125597,125602,125609,125613],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125587,125588,125590,125592,125595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125589,90494],{"class":65},[56,125591,1217],{"class":827},[56,125593,125594],{"class":1016}," \"\"\"",[56,125596,89436],{"class":1020},[56,125598,125599],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125600,125601],{"class":1020},"Welcome to Python\n",[56,125603,125604,125607],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125605,125606],{"class":1020},"Have a nice day",[56,125608,43843],{"class":1016},[56,125610,125611],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,125612,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,125614,125615,125617,125619,125621],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,125616,373],{"class":72},[56,125618,77],{"class":76},[56,125620,90511],{"class":95},[56,125622,99],{"class":76},[20,125624,125625],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[47,125627,125629],{"className":49,"code":125628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125630,125631,125643,125648,125656,125660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125632,125633,125635,125637,125640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125634,90494],{"class":65},[56,125636,1217],{"class":827},[56,125638,125639],{"class":1016}," '''",[56,125641,125642],{"class":1020},"Line 1\n",[56,125644,125645],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125646,125647],{"class":1020},"Line 2\n",[56,125649,125650,125653],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125651,125652],{"class":1020},"Line 3",[56,125654,125655],{"class":1016},"'''\n",[56,125657,125658],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,125659,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,125661,125662,125664,125666,125668],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,125663,373],{"class":72},[56,125665,77],{"class":76},[56,125667,90511],{"class":95},[56,125669,99],{"class":76},[20,125671,125672],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125674,125675],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[42,125677,125679],{"id":125678},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125681,2526,125682,125684],{},[15,125683,48188],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125686,125687],{},"Example with a number:",[47,125689,125691],{"className":49,"code":125690,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125692,125693,125707,125717],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701,125703,125705],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125696,35217],{"class":65},[56,125698,1217],{"class":827},[56,125700,49407],{"class":378},[56,125702,77],{"class":76},[56,125704,47032],{"class":80},[56,125706,99],{"class":76},[56,125708,125709,125711,125713,125715],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125710,373],{"class":72},[56,125712,77],{"class":76},[56,125714,35238],{"class":95},[56,125716,99],{"class":76},[56,125718,125719,125721,125723,125725,125727,125729],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125720,373],{"class":72},[56,125722,77],{"class":76},[56,125724,2312],{"class":378},[56,125726,77],{"class":76},[56,125728,35238],{"class":95},[56,125730,1635],{"class":76},[20,125732,239],{},[47,125734,125736],{"className":49,"code":125735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125737,125738,125742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125739,125740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125741,47118],{"class":80},[56,125743,125744,125746,125748,125750,125752,125754],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125745,3833],{"class":827},[56,125747,3836],{"class":2610},[56,125749,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125751,3988],{"class":1020},[56,125753,3844],{"class":1016},[56,125755,3847],{"class":827},[20,125757,125758],{},"You can also convert other values:",[47,125760,125762],{"className":49,"code":125761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125763,125764,125778],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125765,125766,125768,125770,125772,125774,125776],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125767,373],{"class":72},[56,125769,77],{"class":76},[56,125771,3988],{"class":378},[56,125773,77],{"class":76},[56,125775,4146],{"class":4393},[56,125777,1635],{"class":76},[56,125779,125780,125782,125784,125786,125788,125790],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125781,373],{"class":72},[56,125783,77],{"class":76},[56,125785,3988],{"class":378},[56,125787,77],{"class":76},[56,125789,40654],{"class":80},[56,125791,1635],{"class":76},[20,125793,125794],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[47,125796,125798],{"className":49,"code":125797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125799,125800,125808,125830,125834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125801,125802,125804,125806],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125803,22164],{"class":65},[56,125805,1217],{"class":827},[56,125807,45733],{"class":80},[56,125809,125810,125812,125814,125816,125818,125820,125822,125824,125826,125828],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125811,90494],{"class":65},[56,125813,1217],{"class":827},[56,125815,1231],{"class":1016},[56,125817,89912],{"class":1020},[56,125819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,125821,2999],{"class":827},[56,125823,49407],{"class":378},[56,125825,77],{"class":76},[56,125827,9831],{"class":95},[56,125829,99],{"class":76},[56,125831,125832],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125833,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,125835,125836,125838,125840,125842],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,125837,373],{"class":72},[56,125839,77],{"class":76},[56,125841,90511],{"class":95},[56,125843,99],{"class":76},[20,125845,125846,125847,3422,125851,156],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[264,125848,13,125849,2430],{"href":42684},[15,125850,48188],{},[264,125852,125853],{"href":123565},"how to convert int to string in Python",[42,125855,125857],{"id":125856},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125859,125860],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125862,125863],{},"Both of these are valid:",[47,125865,125867],{"className":49,"code":125866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125868,125869,125881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125870,125871,125873,125875,125877,125879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125872,3098],{"class":65},[56,125874,1217],{"class":827},[56,125876,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125878,7829],{"class":1020},[56,125880,30229],{"class":1016},[56,125882,125883,125885,125887,125889,125891],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125884,3125],{"class":65},[56,125886,1217],{"class":827},[56,125888,1231],{"class":1016},[56,125890,7829],{"class":1020},[56,125892,3903],{"class":1016},[20,125894,125895],{},"A common rule is:",[173,125897,125898,125901,125904],{},[176,125899,125900],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[176,125902,125903],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[176,125905,125906],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125908,986],{},[47,125910,125912],{"className":49,"code":125911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125913,125914,125928,125942,125946,125957],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125915,125916,125919,125921,125923,125926],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125917,125918],{"class":65},"text1 ",[56,125920,1217],{"class":827},[56,125922,1231],{"class":1016},[56,125924,125925],{"class":1020},"It's working",[56,125927,3903],{"class":1016},[56,125929,125930,125933,125935,125937,125940],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125931,125932],{"class":65},"text2 ",[56,125934,1217],{"class":827},[56,125936,3839],{"class":1016},[56,125938,125939],{"class":1020},"She said \"hello\"",[56,125941,30229],{"class":1016},[56,125943,125944],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125945,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,125947,125948,125950,125952,125955],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,125949,373],{"class":72},[56,125951,77],{"class":76},[56,125953,125954],{"class":95},"text1",[56,125956,99],{"class":76},[56,125958,125959,125961,125963,125966],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,125960,373],{"class":72},[56,125962,77],{"class":76},[56,125964,125965],{"class":95},"text2",[56,125967,99],{"class":76},[20,125969,125970],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[42,125972,125974],{"id":125973},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125976,125977],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125979,125980],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[47,125982,125984],{"className":49,"code":125983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125985,125986,125991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125987,125988],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125989,125990],{"class":112},"# This will cause an error\n",[56,125992,125993],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,125994,125995],{"class":112},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125997,125998,125999,35859,126001,126004],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126000,3844],{},[15,126002,126003],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126006,126007],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[47,126009,126011],{"className":49,"code":126010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126012,126013,126032],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126014,126015,126017,126019,126021,126024,126027,126030],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126016,35217],{"class":65},[56,126018,1217],{"class":827},[56,126020,3839],{"class":1016},[56,126022,126023],{"class":1020},"It",[56,126025,126026],{"class":34982},"\\'",[56,126028,126029],{"class":1020},"s working",[56,126031,30229],{"class":1016},[56,126033,126034,126036,126038,126040],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126035,373],{"class":72},[56,126037,77],{"class":76},[56,126039,35238],{"class":95},[56,126041,99],{"class":76},[20,126043,126044],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[47,126046,126048],{"className":49,"code":126047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126049,126050,126062],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126051,126052,126054,126056,126058,126060],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126053,35217],{"class":65},[56,126055,1217],{"class":827},[56,126057,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126059,125925],{"class":1020},[56,126061,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126063,126064,126066,126068,126070],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126065,373],{"class":72},[56,126067,77],{"class":76},[56,126069,35238],{"class":95},[56,126071,99],{"class":76},[20,126073,126074],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126076,126077,126078,156],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[264,126079,126081],{"href":126080},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[42,126083,3374],{"id":3373},[20,126085,126086],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[353,126088,90701],{"id":90700},[20,126090,126091],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[47,126093,126095],{"className":49,"code":126094,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126096,126097,126101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126098,126099],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126100,125990],{"class":112},[56,126102,126103],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126104,126105],{"class":112},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126107,126108,126109,9132,126112,126114],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126110,126111],{},"NameError",[15,126113,5543],{}," is not defined.",[20,126116,1937],{},[47,126118,126120],{"className":49,"code":126119,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126121,126122,126134],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126123,126124,126126,126128,126130,126132],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126125,8409],{"class":65},[56,126127,1217],{"class":827},[56,126129,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126131,5543],{"class":1020},[56,126133,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126135,126136,126138,126140,126142],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126137,373],{"class":72},[56,126139,77],{"class":76},[56,126141,8201],{"class":95},[56,126143,99],{"class":76},[353,126145,126147],{"id":126146},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126149,126150],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[47,126152,126154],{"className":49,"code":126153,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126155,126156,126160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126157,126158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126159,125990],{"class":112},[56,126161,126162],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126163,126164],{"class":112},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126166,126167],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[47,126169,126171],{"className":49,"code":126170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126172,126173,126190,126203,126207,126217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126174,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183,126185,126188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126176,125918],{"class":65},[56,126178,1217],{"class":827},[56,126180,3839],{"class":1016},[56,126182,126023],{"class":1020},[56,126184,126026],{"class":34982},[56,126186,126187],{"class":1020},"s good",[56,126189,30229],{"class":1016},[56,126191,126192,126194,126196,126198,126201],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126193,125932],{"class":65},[56,126195,1217],{"class":827},[56,126197,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126199,126200],{"class":1020},"It's good",[56,126202,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126204,126205],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126206,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,126208,126209,126211,126213,126215],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,126210,373],{"class":72},[56,126212,77],{"class":76},[56,126214,125954],{"class":95},[56,126216,99],{"class":76},[56,126218,126219,126221,126223,126225],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,126220,373],{"class":72},[56,126222,77],{"class":76},[56,126224,125965],{"class":95},[56,126226,99],{"class":76},[353,126228,126230],{"id":126229},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126232,126233],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[47,126235,126237],{"className":49,"code":126236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126238,126239,126251],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126240,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126242,35217],{"class":65},[56,126244,1217],{"class":827},[56,126246,125594],{"class":1016},[56,126248,4386],{"class":1020},[56,126250,43843],{"class":1016},[56,126252,126253,126255,126257,126259],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126254,373],{"class":72},[56,126256,77],{"class":76},[56,126258,35238],{"class":95},[56,126260,99],{"class":76},[20,126262,126263],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[47,126265,126267],{"className":49,"code":126266,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126268,126269,126281],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126270,126271,126273,126275,126277,126279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126272,35217],{"class":65},[56,126274,1217],{"class":827},[56,126276,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126278,4386],{"class":1020},[56,126280,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126282,126283,126285,126287,126289],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126284,373],{"class":72},[56,126286,77],{"class":76},[56,126288,35238],{"class":95},[56,126290,99],{"class":76},[353,126292,1796,126294,4935,126296,126298],{"id":126293},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126295,50749],{},[15,126297,50799],{}," are the same type",[20,126300,126301],{},"They are different:",[47,126303,126305],{"className":49,"code":126304,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126306,126307,126316,126329,126333,126347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126308,126309,126312,126314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126310,126311],{"class":65},"value1 ",[56,126313,1217],{"class":827},[56,126315,125322],{"class":80},[56,126317,126318,126321,126323,126325,126327],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126319,126320],{"class":65},"value2 ",[56,126322,1217],{"class":827},[56,126324,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126326,50749],{"class":1020},[56,126328,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126330,126331],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126332,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,126334,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,126336,373],{"class":72},[56,126338,77],{"class":76},[56,126340,2312],{"class":378},[56,126342,77],{"class":76},[56,126344,85257],{"class":95},[56,126346,1635],{"class":76},[56,126348,126349,126351,126353,126355,126357,126360],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,126350,373],{"class":72},[56,126352,77],{"class":76},[56,126354,2312],{"class":378},[56,126356,77],{"class":76},[56,126358,126359],{"class":95},"value2",[56,126361,1635],{"class":76},[20,126363,239],{},[47,126365,126367],{"className":49,"code":126366,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126368,126369,126383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126370,126371,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126372,3833],{"class":827},[56,126374,3836],{"class":2610},[56,126376,3839],{"class":1016},[56,126378,2734],{"class":1020},[56,126380,3844],{"class":1016},[56,126382,3847],{"class":827},[56,126384,126385,126387,126389,126391,126393,126395],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126386,3833],{"class":827},[56,126388,3836],{"class":2610},[56,126390,3839],{"class":1016},[56,126392,3988],{"class":1020},[56,126394,3844],{"class":1016},[56,126396,3847],{"class":827},[353,126398,126400],{"id":126399},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126402,126403],{},"This causes a type error:",[47,126405,126407],{"className":49,"code":126406,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126408,126409,126413,126418],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126410,126411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126412,125990],{"class":112},[56,126414,126415],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126416,126417],{"class":112},"# age = 10\n",[56,126419,126420],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126421,126422],{"class":112},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126424,126425,126426,1045],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126427,48188],{},[47,126429,126431],{"className":49,"code":126430,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126432,126433,126441,126463,126467],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126434,126435,126437,126439],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126436,22164],{"class":65},[56,126438,1217],{"class":827},[56,126440,3130],{"class":80},[56,126442,126443,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126444,90494],{"class":65},[56,126446,1217],{"class":827},[56,126448,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126450,89912],{"class":1020},[56,126452,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126454,2999],{"class":827},[56,126456,49407],{"class":378},[56,126458,77],{"class":76},[56,126460,9831],{"class":95},[56,126462,99],{"class":76},[56,126464,126465],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126466,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,126468,126469,126471,126473,126475],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,126470,373],{"class":72},[56,126472,77],{"class":76},[56,126474,90511],{"class":95},[56,126476,99],{"class":76},[20,126478,126479,126480,156],{},"For this specific error, see ",[264,126481,90893],{"href":90892},[353,126483,61209],{"id":61208},[20,126485,126486],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[47,126488,126490],{"className":49,"code":126489,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126491,126492,126504,126508,126518,126532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126493,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126495,35217],{"class":65},[56,126497,1217],{"class":827},[56,126499,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126501,4386],{"class":1020},[56,126503,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126505,126506],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126507,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,126509,126510,126512,126514,126516],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126511,373],{"class":72},[56,126513,77],{"class":76},[56,126515,35238],{"class":95},[56,126517,99],{"class":76},[56,126519,126520,126522,126524,126526,126528,126530],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,126521,373],{"class":72},[56,126523,77],{"class":76},[56,126525,2312],{"class":378},[56,126527,77],{"class":76},[56,126529,35238],{"class":95},[56,126531,1635],{"class":76},[56,126533,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,126535,373],{"class":72},[56,126537,77],{"class":76},[56,126539,42290],{"class":72},[56,126541,77],{"class":76},[56,126543,35238],{"class":95},[56,126545,1635],{"class":76},[173,126547,126548,126553,126558],{},[176,126549,126550,46784],{},[15,126551,126552],{},"print(text)",[176,126554,126555,46789],{},[15,126556,126557],{},"print(type(text))",[176,126559,126560,126563],{},[15,126561,126562],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[42,126565,2343],{"id":2342},[353,126567,126569],{"id":126568},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126571,126572,126573,3422,126576,156],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126574,126575],{},"'hello'",[15,126577,65033],{},[353,126579,126581],{"id":126580},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126583,126584],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[353,126586,126588],{"id":126587},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126590,2638,126591,3422,126593,156],{},[15,126592,6807],{},[15,126594,4314],{},[353,126596,126598],{"id":126597},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126600,2638,126601,126603,126604,126606,126607,156],{},[15,126602,48188],{},", like ",[15,126605,80869],{},", which returns ",[15,126608,42635],{},[353,126610,126612],{"id":126611},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126614,126615],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[42,126617,2417],{"id":2416},[173,126619,126620,126624,126630,126635,126644,126648],{},[176,126621,126622],{},[264,126623,125395],{"href":51476},[176,126625,126626],{},[264,126627,13,126628,2430],{"href":42684},[15,126629,48188],{},[176,126631,126632],{},[264,126633,126634],{"href":123565},"How to convert int to string in Python",[176,126636,126637],{},[264,126638,126640,126641,11273],{"href":126639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126642,126643],{},"format()",[176,126645,126646],{},[264,126647,126081],{"href":126080},[176,126649,126650],{},[264,126651,90893],{"href":90892},[2451,126653,126654],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":126656},[126657,126658,126659,126660,126661,126662,126663,126664,126665,126674,126681],{"id":15696,"depth":87,"text":15697},{"id":125234,"depth":87,"text":125235},{"id":125398,"depth":87,"text":125399},{"id":125473,"depth":87,"text":125474},{"id":125573,"depth":87,"text":125574},{"id":125678,"depth":87,"text":125679},{"id":125856,"depth":87,"text":125857},{"id":125973,"depth":87,"text":125974},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":126666},[126667,126668,126669,126670,126672,126673],{"id":90700,"depth":102,"text":90701},{"id":126146,"depth":102,"text":126147},{"id":126229,"depth":102,"text":126230},{"id":126293,"depth":102,"text":126671},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126399,"depth":102,"text":126400},{"id":61208,"depth":102,"text":61209},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":126675},[126676,126677,126678,126679,126680],{"id":126568,"depth":102,"text":126569},{"id":126580,"depth":102,"text":126581},{"id":126587,"depth":102,"text":126588},{"id":126597,"depth":102,"text":126598},{"id":126611,"depth":102,"text":126612},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125096,"description":126682},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126689,"title":126690,"body":126691,"description":128605,"extension":2509,"meta":128606,"navigation":105,"path":128607,"seo":128608,"stem":128609,"__hash__":128610},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126692,"toc":128566},[126693,126699,126704,126712,126714,126781,126783,126795,126804,126809,126813,126830,126832,126897,126899,126911,126916,126918,126946,126967,126970,127009,127011,127019,127023,127027,127031,127039,127042,127083,127085,127093,127096,127153,127155,127163,127167,127172,127216,127218,127226,127235,127239,127244,127292,127294,127302,127308,127310,127314,127326,127331,127410,127412,127432,127436,127440,127480,127482,127490,127494,127537,127539,127547,127551,127591,127593,127601,127605,127661,127663,127671,127677,127679,127683,127693,127760,127762,127775,127782,127825,127827,127835,127839,127842,127898,127900,127908,127911,127913,127990,127992,128000,128009,128011,128015,128019,128021,128043,128046,128093,128097,128136,128138,128146,128148,128190,128197,128202,128264,128266,128278,128284,128289,128338,128340,128359,128365,128367,128386,128388,128479,128481,128487,128494,128500,128506,128511,128520,128527,128535,128537,128563],[10,126694,123640,126696,11854],{"id":126695},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126697,126698],{},"endswith()",[20,126700,123645,126701,126703],{},[15,126702,126698],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126705,126706,126707,3422,126709,126711],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126708,4146],{},[15,126710,4215],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[42,126713,45],{"id":44},[47,126715,126717],{"className":49,"code":126716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126718,126719,126733,126758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126720,126721,126724,126726,126728,126731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126722,126723],{"class":65},"filename ",[56,126725,1217],{"class":827},[56,126727,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126729,126730],{"class":1020},"report.csv",[56,126732,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126734,126735,126737,126739,126742,126744,126747,126749,126751,126754,126756],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126736,373],{"class":72},[56,126738,77],{"class":76},[56,126740,126741],{"class":95},"filename",[56,126743,156],{"class":76},[56,126745,126746],{"class":95},"endswith",[56,126748,77],{"class":76},[56,126750,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126752,126753],{"class":1020},".csv",[56,126755,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126757,1635],{"class":76},[56,126759,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126777,126779],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126761,373],{"class":72},[56,126763,77],{"class":76},[56,126765,126741],{"class":95},[56,126767,156],{"class":76},[56,126769,126746],{"class":95},[56,126771,77],{"class":76},[56,126773,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126775,126776],{"class":1020},".txt",[56,126778,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126780,1635],{"class":76},[20,126782,239],{},[47,126784,126785],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126786,126787,126791],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126788,126789],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126790,4519],{"class":4393},[56,126792,126793],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126794,4580],{"class":4393},[20,126796,2638,126797,5909,126799,3422,126801,126803],{},[15,126798,126698],{},[15,126800,4146],{},[15,126802,4215],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[42,126805,160,126807,163],{"id":126806},"what-endswith-does",[15,126808,126698],{},[20,126810,126811,1045],{},[15,126812,126698],{},[173,126814,126815,126818,126824,126827],{},[176,126816,126817],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[176,126819,11956,126820,3422,126822],{},[15,126821,4146],{},[15,126823,4215],{},[176,126825,126826],{},"Does not change the original string",[176,126828,126829],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126831,986],{},[47,126833,126835],{"className":49,"code":126834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126836,126837,126849,126853,126875],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126838,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126840,35217],{"class":65},[56,126842,1217],{"class":827},[56,126844,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126846,60905],{"class":1020},[56,126848,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126850,126851],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126852,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,126854,126855,126857,126859,126861,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126856,373],{"class":72},[56,126858,77],{"class":76},[56,126860,35238],{"class":95},[56,126862,156],{"class":76},[56,126864,126746],{"class":95},[56,126866,77],{"class":76},[56,126868,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126870,61090],{"class":1020},[56,126872,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126874,1635],{"class":76},[56,126876,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,126878,373],{"class":72},[56,126880,77],{"class":76},[56,126882,35238],{"class":95},[56,126884,156],{"class":76},[56,126886,126746],{"class":95},[56,126888,77],{"class":76},[56,126890,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126892,4386],{"class":1020},[56,126894,1017],{"class":1016},[56,126896,1635],{"class":76},[20,126898,239],{},[47,126900,126901],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126902,126903,126907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126904,126905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126906,4519],{"class":4393},[56,126908,126909],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126910,4580],{"class":4393},[20,126912,126913,126914,156],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[264,126915,125395],{"href":51476},[42,126917,2702],{"id":2701},[47,126919,126921],{"className":49,"code":126920,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126922,126923],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126924,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126926,61673],{"class":65},[56,126928,156],{"class":76},[56,126930,126746],{"class":95},[56,126932,77],{"class":76},[56,126934,126935],{"class":95},"suffix",[56,126937,306],{"class":76},[56,126939,36576],{"class":95},[56,126941,306],{"class":76},[56,126943,65539],{"class":95},[56,126945,99],{"class":76},[173,126947,126948,126953,126960],{},[176,126949,126950,126952],{},[15,126951,126935],{}," is required",[176,126954,126955,4935,126957,126959],{},[15,126956,303],{},[15,126958,53162],{}," are optional",[176,126961,126962,4935,126964,126966],{},[15,126963,303],{},[15,126965,53162],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126968,126969],{},"Basic example:",[47,126971,126973],{"className":49,"code":126972,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126974,126975,126987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126976,126977,126979,126981,126983,126985],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126978,126723],{"class":65},[56,126980,1217],{"class":827},[56,126982,1231],{"class":1016},[56,126984,87382],{"class":1020},[56,126986,3903],{"class":1016},[56,126988,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127007],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,126990,373],{"class":72},[56,126992,77],{"class":76},[56,126994,126741],{"class":95},[56,126996,156],{"class":76},[56,126998,126746],{"class":95},[56,127000,77],{"class":76},[56,127002,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127004,126776],{"class":1020},[56,127006,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127008,1635],{"class":76},[20,127010,239],{},[47,127012,127013],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127014,127015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127016,127017],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127018,4519],{"class":4393},[42,127020,127022],{"id":127021},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[353,127024,127025],{"id":126935},[15,127026,126935],{},[20,127028,127029,31280],{},[15,127030,126935],{},[173,127032,127033,127036],{},[176,127034,127035],{},"A single string",[176,127037,127038],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127040,127041],{},"Single suffix:",[47,127043,127045],{"className":49,"code":127044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127046,127047,127060],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127048,127049,127051,127053,127055,127058],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127050,8409],{"class":65},[56,127052,1217],{"class":827},[56,127054,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127056,127057],{"class":1020},"image.png",[56,127059,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127061,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127079,127081],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127063,373],{"class":72},[56,127065,77],{"class":76},[56,127067,8201],{"class":95},[56,127069,156],{"class":76},[56,127071,126746],{"class":95},[56,127073,77],{"class":76},[56,127075,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127077,127078],{"class":1020},".png",[56,127080,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127082,1635],{"class":76},[20,127084,239],{},[47,127086,127087],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127088,127089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127090,127091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127092,4519],{"class":4393},[20,127094,127095],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[47,127097,127099],{"className":49,"code":127098,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127100,127101,127113],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127102,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127104,8409],{"class":65},[56,127106,1217],{"class":827},[56,127108,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127110,127057],{"class":1020},[56,127112,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127114,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146,127149,127151],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127116,373],{"class":72},[56,127118,77],{"class":76},[56,127120,8201],{"class":95},[56,127122,156],{"class":76},[56,127124,126746],{"class":95},[56,127126,6049],{"class":76},[56,127128,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127130,127131],{"class":1020},".jpg",[56,127133,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127135,306],{"class":76},[56,127137,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127139,127078],{"class":1020},[56,127141,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127143,306],{"class":76},[56,127145,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127147,127148],{"class":1020},".gif",[56,127150,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127152,390],{"class":76},[20,127154,239],{},[47,127156,127157],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127158,127159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127160,127161],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127162,4519],{"class":4393},[353,127164,127165],{"id":303},[15,127166,303],{},[20,127168,127169,127171],{},[15,127170,303],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[47,127173,127175],{"className":49,"code":127174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127176,127177,127190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127178,127179,127181,127183,127185,127188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127180,35217],{"class":65},[56,127182,1217],{"class":827},[56,127184,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127186,127187],{"class":1020},"my_report.csv",[56,127189,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127191,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127193,373],{"class":72},[56,127195,77],{"class":76},[56,127197,35238],{"class":95},[56,127199,156],{"class":76},[56,127201,126746],{"class":95},[56,127203,77],{"class":76},[56,127205,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127207,126753],{"class":1020},[56,127209,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127211,306],{"class":76},[56,127213,419],{"class":80},[56,127215,1635],{"class":76},[20,127217,239],{},[47,127219,127220],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127221,127222],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127223,127224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127225,4519],{"class":4393},[20,127227,127228,127229,127231,127232,156],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127230,223],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127233,127234],{},"\"report.csv\"",[353,127236,127237],{"id":53162},[15,127238,53162],{},[20,127240,127241,127243],{},[15,127242,53162],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[47,127245,127247],{"className":49,"code":127246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127248,127249,127262],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127250,127251,127253,127255,127257,127260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127252,35217],{"class":65},[56,127254,1217],{"class":827},[56,127256,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127258,127259],{"class":1020},"report.csv backup",[56,127261,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127263,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127265,373],{"class":72},[56,127267,77],{"class":76},[56,127269,35238],{"class":95},[56,127271,156],{"class":76},[56,127273,126746],{"class":95},[56,127275,77],{"class":76},[56,127277,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127279,126753],{"class":1020},[56,127281,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127283,306],{"class":76},[56,127285,822],{"class":80},[56,127287,306],{"class":76},[56,127289,534],{"class":80},[56,127291,1635],{"class":76},[20,127293,239],{},[47,127295,127296],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127297,127298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127299,127300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127301,4519],{"class":4393},[20,127303,127304,127305,127307],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127306,127234],{}," and ignores the rest.",[42,127309,17954],{"id":17953},[20,127311,127312,26042],{},[15,127313,126698],{},[173,127315,127316,127321],{},[176,127317,127318,127320],{},[15,127319,4146],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[176,127322,127323,127325],{},[15,127324,4215],{}," if it does not",[20,127327,127328,127329,7704],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127330,7529],{},[47,127332,127334],{"className":49,"code":127333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127335,127336,127349,127353,127374,127389,127395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127337,127338,127340,127342,127344,127347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127339,126723],{"class":65},[56,127341,1217],{"class":827},[56,127343,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127345,127346],{"class":1020},"data.csv",[56,127348,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127350,127351],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127352,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,127354,127355,127357,127360,127362,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127356,7529],{"class":62},[56,127358,127359],{"class":65}," filename",[56,127361,156],{"class":76},[56,127363,126746],{"class":95},[56,127365,77],{"class":76},[56,127367,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127369,126753],{"class":1020},[56,127371,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127373,84],{"class":76},[56,127375,127376,127378,127380,127382,127385,127387],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,127377,90],{"class":72},[56,127379,77],{"class":76},[56,127381,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127383,127384],{"class":1020},"This is a CSV file.",[56,127386,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127388,99],{"class":76},[56,127390,127391,127393],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,127392,27964],{"class":62},[56,127394,1390],{"class":76},[56,127396,127397,127399,127401,127403,127406,127408],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,127398,90],{"class":72},[56,127400,77],{"class":76},[56,127402,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127404,127405],{"class":1020},"This is not a CSV file.",[56,127407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127409,99],{"class":76},[20,127411,239],{},[47,127413,127415],{"className":49,"code":127414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127416,127417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127418,127419,127421,127423,127425,127428,127430],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127420,50382],{"class":65},[56,127422,1176],{"class":827},[56,127424,45052],{"class":65},[56,127426,127427],{"class":34982},"CSV",[56,127429,87123],{"class":87122},[56,127431,122672],{"class":76},[42,127433,127435],{"id":127434},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[353,127437,127439],{"id":127438},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[47,127441,127443],{"className":49,"code":127442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127444,127445,127458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127446,127447,127449,127451,127453,127456],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127448,126723],{"class":65},[56,127450,1217],{"class":827},[56,127452,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127454,127455],{"class":1020},"sales.csv",[56,127457,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127459,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127461,373],{"class":72},[56,127463,77],{"class":76},[56,127465,126741],{"class":95},[56,127467,156],{"class":76},[56,127469,126746],{"class":95},[56,127471,77],{"class":76},[56,127473,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127475,126753],{"class":1020},[56,127477,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127479,1635],{"class":76},[20,127481,239],{},[47,127483,127484],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127485,127486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127487,127488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127489,4519],{"class":4393},[353,127491,127493],{"id":127492},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[47,127495,127497],{"className":49,"code":127496,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127498,127499,127513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127500,127501,127504,127506,127508,127511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127502,127503],{"class":65},"url ",[56,127505,1217],{"class":827},[56,127507,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127509,127510],{"class":1020},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[56,127512,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127514,127515,127517,127519,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127533,127535],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127516,373],{"class":72},[56,127518,77],{"class":76},[56,127520,127521],{"class":95},"url",[56,127523,156],{"class":76},[56,127525,126746],{"class":95},[56,127527,77],{"class":76},[56,127529,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127531,127532],{"class":1020},"\u002F",[56,127534,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127536,1635],{"class":76},[20,127538,239],{},[47,127540,127541],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127542,127543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127544,127545],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127546,4519],{"class":4393},[353,127548,127550],{"id":127549},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[47,127552,127554],{"className":49,"code":127553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127555,127556,127569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127557,127558,127560,127562,127564,127567],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127559,90494],{"class":65},[56,127561,1217],{"class":827},[56,127563,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127565,127566],{"class":1020},"Hello!",[56,127568,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127570,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127572,373],{"class":72},[56,127574,77],{"class":76},[56,127576,90511],{"class":95},[56,127578,156],{"class":76},[56,127580,126746],{"class":95},[56,127582,77],{"class":76},[56,127584,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127586,90335],{"class":1020},[56,127588,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127590,1635],{"class":76},[20,127592,239],{},[47,127594,127595],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127596,127597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127598,127599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127600,4519],{"class":4393},[353,127602,127604],{"id":127603},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[47,127606,127608],{"className":49,"code":127607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127609,127610,127623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127611,127612,127614,127616,127618,127621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127613,126723],{"class":65},[56,127615,1217],{"class":827},[56,127617,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127619,127620],{"class":1020},"photo.jpg",[56,127622,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127624,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649,127651,127653,127655,127657,127659],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127626,373],{"class":72},[56,127628,77],{"class":76},[56,127630,126741],{"class":95},[56,127632,156],{"class":76},[56,127634,126746],{"class":95},[56,127636,6049],{"class":76},[56,127638,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127640,127131],{"class":1020},[56,127642,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127644,306],{"class":76},[56,127646,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127648,127078],{"class":1020},[56,127650,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127652,306],{"class":76},[56,127654,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127656,127148],{"class":1020},[56,127658,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127660,390],{"class":76},[20,127662,239],{},[47,127664,127665],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127666,127667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127668,127669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127670,4519],{"class":4393},[20,127672,127673,127674,156],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[264,127675,127676],{"href":123895},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[42,127678,124287],{"id":124286},[20,127680,127681,124098],{},[15,127682,126698],{},[20,127684,127685,127686,4935,127689,127692],{},"That means ",[15,127687,127688],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127690,127691],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[47,127694,127696],{"className":49,"code":127695,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127697,127698,127711,127715,127737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127699,127700,127702,127704,127706,127709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127701,126723],{"class":65},[56,127703,1217],{"class":827},[56,127705,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127707,127708],{"class":1020},"REPORT.CSV",[56,127710,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127712,127713],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127714,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127718,373],{"class":72},[56,127720,77],{"class":76},[56,127722,126741],{"class":95},[56,127724,156],{"class":76},[56,127726,126746],{"class":95},[56,127728,77],{"class":76},[56,127730,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127732,126753],{"class":1020},[56,127734,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127736,1635],{"class":76},[56,127738,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751,127753,127756,127758],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,127740,373],{"class":72},[56,127742,77],{"class":76},[56,127744,126741],{"class":95},[56,127746,156],{"class":76},[56,127748,126746],{"class":95},[56,127750,77],{"class":76},[56,127752,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127754,127755],{"class":1020},".CSV",[56,127757,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127759,1635],{"class":76},[20,127761,239],{},[47,127763,127765],{"className":49,"code":127764,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127766,127767,127771],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127768,127769],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127770,4580],{"class":4393},[56,127772,127773],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127774,4519],{"class":4393},[20,127776,127777,127778,156],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[264,127779,127780],{"href":124367},[15,127781,124370],{},[47,127783,127785],{"className":49,"code":127784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127786,127787,127799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127788,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127790,126723],{"class":65},[56,127792,1217],{"class":827},[56,127794,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127796,127708],{"class":1020},[56,127798,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127800,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127802,373],{"class":72},[56,127804,77],{"class":76},[56,127806,126741],{"class":95},[56,127808,156],{"class":76},[56,127810,9171],{"class":95},[56,127812,9168],{"class":76},[56,127814,126746],{"class":95},[56,127816,77],{"class":76},[56,127818,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127820,126753],{"class":1020},[56,127822,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127824,1635],{"class":76},[20,127826,239],{},[47,127828,127829],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127830,127831],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127832,127833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127834,4519],{"class":4393},[42,127836,127838],{"id":127837},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127840,127841],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[47,127843,127845],{"className":49,"code":127844,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127846,127847,127860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127848,127849,127851,127853,127855,127858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127850,126723],{"class":65},[56,127852,1217],{"class":827},[56,127854,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127856,127857],{"class":1020},"picture.gif",[56,127859,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127861,127862,127864,127866,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127863,373],{"class":72},[56,127865,77],{"class":76},[56,127867,126741],{"class":95},[56,127869,156],{"class":76},[56,127871,126746],{"class":95},[56,127873,6049],{"class":76},[56,127875,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127877,127131],{"class":1020},[56,127879,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127881,306],{"class":76},[56,127883,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127885,127078],{"class":1020},[56,127887,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127889,306],{"class":76},[56,127891,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127893,127148],{"class":1020},[56,127895,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127897,390],{"class":76},[20,127899,239],{},[47,127901,127902],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127903,127904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127905,127906],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127907,4519],{"class":4393},[20,127909,127910],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127912,52581],{},[47,127914,127916],{"className":49,"code":127915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127917,127918,127931,127966,127970],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127919,127920,127923,127925,127927,127929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127921,127922],{"class":65},"document ",[56,127924,1217],{"class":827},[56,127926,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127928,87382],{"class":1020},[56,127930,3903],{"class":1016},[56,127932,127933,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127953,127955,127957,127959,127962,127964],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,127934,127935],{"class":65},"allowed ",[56,127937,1217],{"class":827},[56,127939,9768],{"class":76},[56,127941,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127943,126776],{"class":1020},[56,127945,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127947,306],{"class":76},[56,127949,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127951,127952],{"class":1020},".md",[56,127954,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127956,306],{"class":76},[56,127958,1231],{"class":1016},[56,127960,127961],{"class":1020},".docx",[56,127963,1017],{"class":1016},[56,127965,99],{"class":76},[56,127967,127968],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127969,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,127971,127972,127974,127976,127979,127981,127983,127985,127988],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,127973,373],{"class":72},[56,127975,77],{"class":76},[56,127977,127978],{"class":95},"document",[56,127980,156],{"class":76},[56,127982,126746],{"class":95},[56,127984,77],{"class":76},[56,127986,127987],{"class":95},"allowed",[56,127989,1635],{"class":76},[20,127991,239],{},[47,127993,127994],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127995,127996],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127997,127998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127999,4519],{"class":4393},[20,128001,128002,128003,156],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[264,128004,126640,128006,11273],{"href":128005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128007,128008],{},"startswith()",[42,128010,3374],{"id":3373},[20,128012,8977,128013,156],{},[15,128014,126698],{},[353,128016,128018],{"id":128017},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128020,5066],{},[47,128022,128024],{"className":49,"code":128023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128025,128026,128038],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128027,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128029,126723],{"class":65},[56,128031,1217],{"class":827},[56,128033,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128035,127620],{"class":1020},[56,128037,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128039,128040],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128041,128042],{"class":112},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128044,128045],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[47,128047,128049],{"className":49,"code":128048,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128050,128051,128063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128052,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128054,126723],{"class":65},[56,128056,1217],{"class":827},[56,128058,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128060,127620],{"class":1020},[56,128062,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128064,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128066,373],{"class":72},[56,128068,77],{"class":76},[56,128070,126741],{"class":95},[56,128072,156],{"class":76},[56,128074,126746],{"class":95},[56,128076,6049],{"class":76},[56,128078,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128080,127131],{"class":1020},[56,128082,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128084,306],{"class":76},[56,128086,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128088,127078],{"class":1020},[56,128090,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128092,390],{"class":76},[353,128094,128096],{"id":128095},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[47,128098,128100],{"className":49,"code":128099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128101,128102,128114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128103,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128105,126723],{"class":65},[56,128107,1217],{"class":827},[56,128109,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128111,127708],{"class":1020},[56,128113,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128115,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128117,373],{"class":72},[56,128119,77],{"class":76},[56,128121,126741],{"class":95},[56,128123,156],{"class":76},[56,128125,126746],{"class":95},[56,128127,77],{"class":76},[56,128129,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128131,126753],{"class":1020},[56,128133,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128135,1635],{"class":76},[20,128137,239],{},[47,128139,128140],{"className":49,"code":4580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,128141,128142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128143,128144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128145,4580],{"class":4393},[20,128147,39772],{},[47,128149,128150],{"className":49,"code":127784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,128151,128152,128164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128153,128154,128156,128158,128160,128162],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128155,126723],{"class":65},[56,128157,1217],{"class":827},[56,128159,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128161,127708],{"class":1020},[56,128163,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128165,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128167,373],{"class":72},[56,128169,77],{"class":76},[56,128171,126741],{"class":95},[56,128173,156],{"class":76},[56,128175,9171],{"class":95},[56,128177,9168],{"class":76},[56,128179,126746],{"class":95},[56,128181,77],{"class":76},[56,128183,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128185,126753],{"class":1020},[56,128187,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128189,1635],{"class":76},[353,128191,37718,128193,9236,128195],{"id":128192},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128194,126698],{},[15,128196,69],{},[20,128198,128199,128201],{},[15,128200,126698],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[47,128203,128205],{"className":49,"code":128204,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128206,128207,128220,128224,128246],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128208,128209,128211,128213,128215,128218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128210,35217],{"class":65},[56,128212,1217],{"class":827},[56,128214,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128216,128217],{"class":1020},"my_report.csv.backup",[56,128219,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128221,128222],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128223,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,128225,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128227,373],{"class":72},[56,128229,77],{"class":76},[56,128231,35238],{"class":95},[56,128233,156],{"class":76},[56,128235,126746],{"class":95},[56,128237,77],{"class":76},[56,128239,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128241,126753],{"class":1020},[56,128243,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128245,1635],{"class":76},[56,128247,128248,128250,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,128249,373],{"class":72},[56,128251,77],{"class":76},[56,128253,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128255,126753],{"class":1020},[56,128257,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128259,21709],{"class":62},[56,128261,43348],{"class":95},[56,128263,99],{"class":76},[20,128265,239],{},[47,128267,128268],{"className":49,"code":127764,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,128269,128270,128274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128271,128272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128273,4580],{"class":4393},[56,128275,128276],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128277,4519],{"class":4393},[353,128279,8983,128281,128283],{"id":128280},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128282,126698],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128285,128286,128288],{},[15,128287,126698],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[47,128290,128292],{"className":49,"code":128291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128293,128294,128306,128328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128295,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128297,126723],{"class":65},[56,128299,1217],{"class":827},[56,128301,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128303,126730],{"class":1020},[56,128305,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128307,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324,128326],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128309,373],{"class":72},[56,128311,77],{"class":76},[56,128313,126741],{"class":95},[56,128315,156],{"class":76},[56,128317,126746],{"class":95},[56,128319,77],{"class":76},[56,128321,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128323,126753],{"class":1020},[56,128325,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128327,1635],{"class":76},[56,128329,128330,128332,128334,128336],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128331,373],{"class":72},[56,128333,77],{"class":76},[56,128335,126741],{"class":95},[56,128337,99],{"class":76},[20,128339,239],{},[47,128341,128343],{"className":49,"code":128342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128344,128345,128349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128346,128347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128348,4519],{"class":4393},[56,128350,128351,128354,128356],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128352,128353],{"class":65},"report",[56,128355,156],{"class":76},[56,128357,128358],{"class":25284},"csv\n",[20,128360,128361,128362,156],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[264,128363,128364],{"href":124808},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128366,66561],{},[173,128368,128369,128372,128375,128378],{},[176,128370,128371],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[176,128373,128374],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[176,128376,128377],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[176,128379,958,128380,45137,128382,3422,128384,111837],{},[15,128381,126698],{},[15,128383,124811],{},[15,128385,42164],{},[20,128387,30665],{},[47,128389,128391],{"className":49,"code":128390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128392,128393,128403,128417,128439,128465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128394,128395,128397,128399,128401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128396,373],{"class":72},[56,128398,77],{"class":76},[56,128400,35238],{"class":95},[56,128402,99],{"class":76},[56,128404,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128406,373],{"class":72},[56,128408,77],{"class":76},[56,128410,42290],{"class":72},[56,128412,77],{"class":76},[56,128414,35238],{"class":95},[56,128416,1635],{"class":76},[56,128418,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128420,373],{"class":72},[56,128422,77],{"class":76},[56,128424,35238],{"class":95},[56,128426,156],{"class":76},[56,128428,126746],{"class":95},[56,128430,77],{"class":76},[56,128432,3844],{"class":1016},[56,128434,126753],{"class":1020},[56,128436,3844],{"class":1016},[56,128438,1635],{"class":76},[56,128440,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,128442,373],{"class":72},[56,128444,77],{"class":76},[56,128446,35238],{"class":95},[56,128448,156],{"class":76},[56,128450,9171],{"class":95},[56,128452,9168],{"class":76},[56,128454,126746],{"class":95},[56,128456,77],{"class":76},[56,128458,3844],{"class":1016},[56,128460,126753],{"class":1020},[56,128462,3844],{"class":1016},[56,128464,1635],{"class":76},[56,128466,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,128468,373],{"class":72},[56,128470,77],{"class":76},[56,128472,2312],{"class":378},[56,128474,77],{"class":76},[56,128476,35238],{"class":95},[56,128478,1635],{"class":76},[42,128480,2343],{"id":2342},[353,128482,2347,128484,128486],{"id":128483},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128485,126698],{}," change the string?",[20,128488,128489,128490,3422,128492,156],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128491,4146],{},[15,128493,4215],{},[353,128495,2372,128497,128499],{"id":128496},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128498,126698],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128501,128502,128503,156],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128504,128505],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[353,128507,2385,128509,124976],{"id":128508},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128510,126698],{},[20,128512,128513,128514,3422,128516,128519],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128515,124370],{},[15,128517,128518],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[353,128521,5718,128523,4935,128525,2363],{"id":128522},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128524,126698],{},[15,128526,124635],{},[20,128528,128529,128531,128532,128534],{},[15,128530,126698],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128533,124635],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[42,128536,2417],{"id":2416},[173,128538,128539,128545,128551,128555,128559],{},[176,128540,128541],{},[264,128542,126640,128543,11273],{"href":128005},[15,128544,128008],{},[176,128546,128547],{},[264,128548,126640,128549,11273],{"href":124367},[15,128550,124370],{},[176,128552,128553],{},[264,128554,125039],{"href":123895},[176,128556,128557],{},[264,128558,125046],{"href":124808},[176,128560,128561],{},[264,128562,125395],{"href":51476},[2451,128564,128565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":128567},[128568,128569,128571,128572,128577,128578,128584,128585,128586,128594,128604],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":126806,"depth":87,"text":128570},"What endswith() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":127021,"depth":87,"text":127022,"children":128573},[128574,128575,128576],{"id":126935,"depth":102,"text":126935},{"id":303,"depth":102,"text":303},{"id":53162,"depth":102,"text":53162},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":127434,"depth":87,"text":127435,"children":128579},[128580,128581,128582,128583],{"id":127438,"depth":102,"text":127439},{"id":127492,"depth":102,"text":127493},{"id":127549,"depth":102,"text":127550},{"id":127603,"depth":102,"text":127604},{"id":124286,"depth":87,"text":124287},{"id":127837,"depth":87,"text":127838},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":128587},[128588,128589,128590,128592],{"id":128017,"depth":102,"text":128018},{"id":128095,"depth":102,"text":128096},{"id":128192,"depth":102,"text":128591},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128280,"depth":102,"text":128593},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":128595},[128596,128598,128600,128602],{"id":128483,"depth":102,"text":128597},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128496,"depth":102,"text":128599},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128508,"depth":102,"text":128601},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128522,"depth":102,"text":128603},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126690,"description":128605},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128612,"title":128613,"body":128614,"description":130282,"extension":2509,"meta":130283,"navigation":105,"path":130284,"seo":130285,"stem":130286,"__hash__":130287},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128615,"toc":130255},[128616,128621,128626,128631,128636,128729,128739,128744,128749,128764,128766,128848,128856,128858,128860,128887,128889,128905,128912,128914,129022,129024,129029,129045,129047,129142,129150,129153,129159,129164,129169,129176,129315,129318,129331,129333,129337,129344,129414,129417,129466,129473,129480,129494,129499,129504,129550,129596,129612,129614,129619,129633,129636,129758,129763,129765,129770,129803,129806,129882,129884,129893,129907,129910,129994,129997,130108,130111,130139,130141,130148,130152,130158,130161,130167,130170,130177,130188,130194,130201,130203,130252],[10,128617,123640,128619,11854],{"id":128618},"python-string-find-method",[15,128620,124635],{},[20,128622,123645,128623,128625],{},[15,128624,124635],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128627,128628,128629,156],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128630,66352],{},[20,128632,2638,128633,128635],{},[15,128634,124635],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[47,128637,128639],{"className":49,"code":128638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128640,128641,128653,128676,128689,128693,128716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128642,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128644,35217],{"class":65},[56,128646,1217],{"class":827},[56,128648,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128650,60905],{"class":1020},[56,128652,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128654,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128656,65418],{"class":65},[56,128658,1217],{"class":827},[56,128660,43348],{"class":65},[56,128662,156],{"class":76},[56,128664,128665],{"class":95},"find",[56,128667,77],{"class":76},[56,128669,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128671,61090],{"class":1020},[56,128673,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128675,99],{"class":76},[56,128677,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128679,373],{"class":72},[56,128681,77],{"class":76},[56,128683,65445],{"class":95},[56,128685,4202],{"class":76},[56,128687,128688],{"class":112},"   # 6\n",[56,128690,128691],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,128692,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,128694,128695,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712,128714],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,128696,128697],{"class":65},"missing ",[56,128699,1217],{"class":827},[56,128701,43348],{"class":65},[56,128703,156],{"class":76},[56,128705,128665],{"class":95},[56,128707,77],{"class":76},[56,128709,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128711,51],{"class":1020},[56,128713,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128715,99],{"class":76},[56,128717,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,128719,373],{"class":72},[56,128721,77],{"class":76},[56,128723,27303],{"class":95},[56,128725,4202],{"class":76},[56,128727,128728],{"class":112},"    # -1\n",[44087,128730,128731],{},[20,128732,2638,128733,128735,128736,128738],{},[15,128734,124635],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128737,66352],{}," if the substring is not found.",[42,128740,160,128742,163],{"id":128741},"what-find-does",[15,128743,124635],{},[20,128745,128746,128748],{},[15,128747,124635],{}," is a string method that:",[173,128750,128751,128754,128757,128762],{},[176,128752,128753],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[176,128755,128756],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[176,128758,11956,128759,128761],{},[15,128760,66352],{}," if no match is found",[176,128763,126826],{},[20,128765,986],{},[47,128767,128769],{"className":49,"code":128768,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128770,128771,128783,128787,128811,128835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128772,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128774,35217],{"class":65},[56,128776,1217],{"class":827},[56,128778,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128780,4628],{"class":1020},[56,128782,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128784,128785],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128786,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,128788,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128790,373],{"class":72},[56,128792,77],{"class":76},[56,128794,35238],{"class":95},[56,128796,156],{"class":76},[56,128798,128665],{"class":95},[56,128800,77],{"class":76},[56,128802,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128804,123733],{"class":1020},[56,128806,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128808,5901],{"class":76},[56,128810,58145],{"class":112},[56,128812,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,128814,373],{"class":72},[56,128816,77],{"class":76},[56,128818,35238],{"class":95},[56,128820,156],{"class":76},[56,128822,128665],{"class":95},[56,128824,77],{"class":76},[56,128826,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128828,2719],{"class":1020},[56,128830,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128832,5901],{"class":76},[56,128834,128728],{"class":112},[56,128836,128837,128839,128841,128843,128845],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,128838,373],{"class":72},[56,128840,77],{"class":76},[56,128842,35238],{"class":95},[56,128844,4202],{"class":76},[56,128846,128847],{"class":112},"              # banana\n",[20,128849,21306,128850,128853,128854,156],{},[15,128851,128852],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128855,463],{},[42,128857,2702],{"id":2701},[20,128859,2705],{},[47,128861,128863],{"className":49,"code":128862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128864,128865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128866,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128868,61673],{"class":65},[56,128870,156],{"class":76},[56,128872,128665],{"class":95},[56,128874,77],{"class":76},[56,128876,3017],{"class":95},[56,128878,306],{"class":76},[56,128880,36576],{"class":95},[56,128882,306],{"class":76},[56,128884,65539],{"class":95},[56,128886,99],{"class":76},[353,128888,17930],{"id":17929},[173,128890,128891,128895,128900],{},[176,128892,128893,123832],{},[15,128894,3017],{},[176,128896,128897,128899],{},[15,128898,303],{},": optional starting position",[176,128901,128902,128904],{},[15,128903,53162],{},": optional ending position",[20,128906,128907,4935,128909,128911],{},[15,128908,303],{},[15,128910,53162],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128913,126969],{},[47,128915,128917],{"className":49,"code":128916,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128918,128919,128931,128935,128960,128989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128922,35217],{"class":65},[56,128924,1217],{"class":827},[56,128926,1231],{"class":1016},[56,128928,60905],{"class":1020},[56,128930,3903],{"class":1016},[56,128932,128933],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,128934,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,128936,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128938,373],{"class":72},[56,128940,77],{"class":76},[56,128942,35238],{"class":95},[56,128944,156],{"class":76},[56,128946,128665],{"class":95},[56,128948,77],{"class":76},[56,128950,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128952,60972],{"class":1020},[56,128954,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128956,5901],{"class":76},[56,128958,128959],{"class":112},"        # 4\n",[56,128961,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,128963,373],{"class":72},[56,128965,77],{"class":76},[56,128967,35238],{"class":95},[56,128969,156],{"class":76},[56,128971,128665],{"class":95},[56,128973,77],{"class":76},[56,128975,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128977,60972],{"class":1020},[56,128979,1017],{"class":1016},[56,128981,306],{"class":76},[56,128983,496],{"class":80},[56,128985,5901],{"class":76},[56,128987,128988],{"class":112},"     # 7\n",[56,128990,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,128992,373],{"class":72},[56,128994,77],{"class":76},[56,128996,35238],{"class":95},[56,128998,156],{"class":76},[56,129000,128665],{"class":95},[56,129002,77],{"class":76},[56,129004,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129006,60972],{"class":1020},[56,129008,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129010,306],{"class":76},[56,129012,496],{"class":80},[56,129014,306],{"class":76},[56,129016,566],{"class":80},[56,129018,5901],{"class":76},[56,129020,129021],{"class":112},"  # -1\n",[42,129023,38532],{"id":38531},[20,129025,58044,129026,129028],{},[15,129027,124635],{}," is always an integer.",[173,129030,129031,129037,129040],{},[176,129032,129033,129034,129036],{},"A number ",[15,129035,152],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[176,129038,129039],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[176,129041,129042,129044],{},[15,129043,66352],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129046,986],{},[47,129048,129050],{"className":49,"code":129049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129051,129052,129064,129068,129093,129118],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129053,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129055,35217],{"class":65},[56,129057,1217],{"class":827},[56,129059,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129061,51],{"class":1020},[56,129063,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129065,129066],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129067,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129069,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129087,129089,129091],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129071,373],{"class":72},[56,129073,77],{"class":76},[56,129075,35238],{"class":95},[56,129077,156],{"class":76},[56,129079,128665],{"class":95},[56,129081,77],{"class":76},[56,129083,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129085,129086],{"class":1020},"py",[56,129088,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129090,5901],{"class":76},[56,129092,21303],{"class":112},[56,129094,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129112,129114,129116],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,129096,373],{"class":72},[56,129098,77],{"class":76},[56,129100,35238],{"class":95},[56,129102,156],{"class":76},[56,129104,128665],{"class":95},[56,129106,77],{"class":76},[56,129108,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129110,129111],{"class":1020},"th",[56,129113,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129115,5901],{"class":76},[56,129117,58145],{"class":112},[56,129119,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,129121,373],{"class":72},[56,129123,77],{"class":76},[56,129125,35238],{"class":95},[56,129127,156],{"class":76},[56,129129,128665],{"class":95},[56,129131,77],{"class":76},[56,129133,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129135,22613],{"class":1020},[56,129137,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129139,5901],{"class":76},[56,129141,128728],{"class":112},[20,129143,90397,129144,8986,129146,3422,129148,156],{},[15,129145,124635],{},[15,129147,4146],{},[15,129149,4215],{},[20,129151,129152],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[42,129154,958,129155,4935,129157],{"id":65904},[15,129156,303],{},[15,129158,53162],{},[20,129160,2638,129161,129163],{},[15,129162,303],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129165,2638,129166,129168],{},[15,129167,53162],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129170,2526,129171,75956,129173,129175],{},[15,129172,53162],{},[37,129174,192],{}," in the search.",[47,129177,129179],{"className":49,"code":129178,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129180,129181,129194,129198,129222,129251,129283],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129182,129183,129185,129187,129189,129192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129184,35217],{"class":65},[56,129186,1217],{"class":827},[56,129188,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129190,129191],{"class":1020},"one two three two",[56,129193,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129195,129196],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129197,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129199,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129201,373],{"class":72},[56,129203,77],{"class":76},[56,129205,35238],{"class":95},[56,129207,156],{"class":76},[56,129209,128665],{"class":95},[56,129211,77],{"class":76},[56,129213,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129215,79760],{"class":1020},[56,129217,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129219,5901],{"class":76},[56,129221,128959],{"class":112},[56,129223,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,129225,373],{"class":72},[56,129227,77],{"class":76},[56,129229,35238],{"class":95},[56,129231,156],{"class":76},[56,129233,128665],{"class":95},[56,129235,77],{"class":76},[56,129237,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129239,79760],{"class":1020},[56,129241,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129243,306],{"class":76},[56,129245,496],{"class":80},[56,129247,5901],{"class":76},[56,129249,129250],{"class":112},"     # 14\n",[56,129252,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,129254,373],{"class":72},[56,129256,77],{"class":76},[56,129258,35238],{"class":95},[56,129260,156],{"class":76},[56,129262,128665],{"class":95},[56,129264,77],{"class":76},[56,129266,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129268,79760],{"class":1020},[56,129270,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129272,306],{"class":76},[56,129274,822],{"class":80},[56,129276,306],{"class":76},[56,129278,566],{"class":80},[56,129280,5901],{"class":76},[56,129282,51436],{"class":112},[56,129284,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,129286,373],{"class":72},[56,129288,77],{"class":76},[56,129290,35238],{"class":95},[56,129292,156],{"class":76},[56,129294,128665],{"class":95},[56,129296,77],{"class":76},[56,129298,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129300,79760],{"class":1020},[56,129302,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129304,306],{"class":76},[56,129306,822],{"class":80},[56,129308,306],{"class":76},[56,129310,424],{"class":80},[56,129312,5901],{"class":76},[56,129314,129021],{"class":112},[20,129316,129317],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129319,129320,129321,55568,129325,156],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[264,129322,129324],{"href":129323},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[264,129326,129328,129330],{"href":129327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129329,61030],{}," string method",[42,129332,124287],{"id":124286},[20,129334,129335,124098],{},[15,129336,124635],{},[20,129338,127685,129339,4935,129341,129343],{},[15,129340,1112],{},[15,129342,65033],{}," are treated as different text.",[47,129345,129347],{"className":49,"code":129346,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129348,129349,129362,129366,129390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129350,129351,129353,129355,129357,129360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129352,35217],{"class":65},[56,129354,1217],{"class":827},[56,129356,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129358,129359],{"class":1020},"Hello World",[56,129361,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129363,129364],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129365,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129367,129368,129370,129372,129374,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129369,373],{"class":72},[56,129371,77],{"class":76},[56,129373,35238],{"class":95},[56,129375,156],{"class":76},[56,129377,128665],{"class":95},[56,129379,77],{"class":76},[56,129381,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129383,1102],{"class":1020},[56,129385,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129387,5901],{"class":76},[56,129389,51748],{"class":112},[56,129391,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129408,129410,129412],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,129393,373],{"class":72},[56,129395,77],{"class":76},[56,129397,35238],{"class":95},[56,129399,156],{"class":76},[56,129401,128665],{"class":95},[56,129403,77],{"class":76},[56,129405,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129407,4386],{"class":1020},[56,129409,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129411,5901],{"class":76},[56,129413,129021],{"class":112},[20,129415,129416],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[47,129418,129420],{"className":49,"code":129419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129421,129422,129434,129438],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129423,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129425,35217],{"class":65},[56,129427,1217],{"class":827},[56,129429,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129431,129359],{"class":1020},[56,129433,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129435,129436],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129437,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129439,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129441,373],{"class":72},[56,129443,77],{"class":76},[56,129445,35238],{"class":95},[56,129447,156],{"class":76},[56,129449,9171],{"class":95},[56,129451,9168],{"class":76},[56,129453,128665],{"class":95},[56,129455,77],{"class":76},[56,129457,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129459,4386],{"class":1020},[56,129461,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129463,5901],{"class":76},[56,129465,51748],{"class":112},[42,129467,129469,1682,129471],{"id":129468},"find-vs-index",[15,129470,124635],{},[15,129472,59468],{},[20,129474,129475,4935,129477,129479],{},[15,129476,124635],{},[15,129478,59468],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[173,129481,129482,129488],{},[176,129483,129484,2942,129486],{},[15,129485,124635],{},[15,129487,66352],{},[176,129489,129490,52996,129492],{},[15,129491,59468],{},[15,129493,953],{},[20,129495,2638,129496,129498],{},[15,129497,124635],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129500,2638,129501,129503],{},[15,129502,59468],{}," when the value must exist.",[47,129505,129507],{"className":49,"code":129506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129508,129509,129521,129525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129510,129511,129513,129515,129517,129519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129512,35217],{"class":65},[56,129514,1217],{"class":827},[56,129516,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129518,4386],{"class":1020},[56,129520,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129522,129523],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129524,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129526,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129528,373],{"class":72},[56,129530,77],{"class":76},[56,129532,35238],{"class":95},[56,129534,156],{"class":76},[56,129536,128665],{"class":95},[56,129538,77],{"class":76},[56,129540,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129542,2719],{"class":1020},[56,129544,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129546,5901],{"class":76},[56,129548,129549],{"class":112},"   # -1\n",[47,129551,129553],{"className":49,"code":129552,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129554,129555,129567,129571],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129556,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129558,35217],{"class":65},[56,129560,1217],{"class":827},[56,129562,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129564,4386],{"class":1020},[56,129566,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129568,129569],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129570,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129572,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129574,373],{"class":72},[56,129576,77],{"class":76},[56,129578,35238],{"class":95},[56,129580,156],{"class":76},[56,129582,1483],{"class":95},[56,129584,77],{"class":76},[56,129586,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129588,2719],{"class":1020},[56,129590,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129592,5901],{"class":76},[56,129594,129595],{"class":112},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129597,129598,129599,129603,129604,129606,129607,156],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[264,129600,129601,129330],{"href":124660},[15,129602,59468],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129605,59468],{},", read ",[264,129608,26212,129609],{"href":73978},[15,129610,129611],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[42,129613,41556],{"id":41555},[20,129615,35935,129616,129618],{},[15,129617,124635],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[173,129620,129621,129624,129627,129630],{},[176,129622,129623],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[176,129625,129626],{},"Get the position of a word",[176,129628,129629],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[176,129631,129632],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129634,129635],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[47,129637,129639],{"className":49,"code":129638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129640,129641,129654,129677,129681,129696,129712,129731,129745],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129642,129643,129645,129647,129649,129652],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129644,35217],{"class":65},[56,129646,1217],{"class":827},[56,129648,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129650,129651],{"class":1020},"name:Alice",[56,129653,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129655,129656,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129657,129658],{"class":65},"colon_pos ",[56,129660,1217],{"class":827},[56,129662,43348],{"class":65},[56,129664,156],{"class":76},[56,129666,128665],{"class":95},[56,129668,77],{"class":76},[56,129670,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129672,1045],{"class":1020},[56,129674,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129676,99],{"class":76},[56,129678,129679],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129680,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129682,129683,129685,129688,129690,129692,129694],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,129684,7529],{"class":62},[56,129686,129687],{"class":65}," colon_pos ",[56,129689,73088],{"class":827},[56,129691,828],{"class":827},[56,129693,529],{"class":80},[56,129695,1390],{"class":76},[56,129697,129698,129701,129703,129705,129707,129710],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,129699,129700],{"class":65},"    label ",[56,129702,1217],{"class":827},[56,129704,43348],{"class":65},[56,129706,76029],{"class":76},[56,129708,129709],{"class":65},"colon_pos",[56,129711,427],{"class":76},[56,129713,129714,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726,129728],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,129715,27931],{"class":65},[56,129717,1217],{"class":827},[56,129719,43348],{"class":65},[56,129721,402],{"class":76},[56,129723,129658],{"class":65},[56,129725,2605],{"class":827},[56,129727,409],{"class":80},[56,129729,129730],{"class":76},":]\n",[56,129732,129733,129735,129737,129740,129742],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,129734,90],{"class":72},[56,129736,77],{"class":76},[56,129738,129739],{"class":95},"label",[56,129741,4202],{"class":76},[56,129743,129744],{"class":112},"  # name\n",[56,129746,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,129748,90],{"class":72},[56,129750,77],{"class":76},[56,129752,3017],{"class":95},[56,129754,4202],{"class":76},[56,129756,129757],{"class":112},"  # Alice\n",[20,129759,129760,129761,156],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[264,129762,127676],{"href":123895},[42,129764,3374],{"id":3373},[20,129766,129767,129768,1045],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129769,124635],{},[173,129771,129772,129781,129787,129792,129798],{},[176,129773,8983,129774,8986,129776,3422,129778,129780],{},[15,129775,124635],{},[15,129777,4146],{},[15,129779,4215],{}," instead of an index",[176,129782,129783,129784,129786],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129785,66352],{}," when the substring is missing",[176,129788,958,129789,129791],{},[15,129790,124635],{}," without handling case differences",[176,129793,37718,129794,9236,129796],{},[15,129795,124635],{},[15,129797,59468],{},[176,129799,1796,129800,129802],{},[15,129801,124635],{}," changes the string",[20,129804,129805],{},"Example of a mistake:",[47,129807,129809],{"className":49,"code":129808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129810,129811,129823,129827,129847,129862,129868],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129812,129813,129815,129817,129819,129821],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129814,35217],{"class":65},[56,129816,1217],{"class":827},[56,129818,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129820,4386],{"class":1020},[56,129822,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129824,129825],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129826,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129828,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837,129839,129841,129843,129845],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129830,7529],{"class":62},[56,129832,43348],{"class":65},[56,129834,156],{"class":76},[56,129836,128665],{"class":95},[56,129838,77],{"class":76},[56,129840,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129842,60937],{"class":1020},[56,129844,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129846,84],{"class":76},[56,129848,129849,129851,129853,129855,129858,129860],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,129850,90],{"class":72},[56,129852,77],{"class":76},[56,129854,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129856,129857],{"class":1020},"Found",[56,129859,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129861,99],{"class":76},[56,129863,129864,129866],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,129865,27964],{"class":62},[56,129867,1390],{"class":76},[56,129869,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129880],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,129871,90],{"class":72},[56,129873,77],{"class":76},[56,129875,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129877,26845],{"class":1020},[56,129879,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129881,99],{"class":76},[20,129883,100201],{},[47,129885,129887],{"className":49,"code":129886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Not found\n",[15,129888,129889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129890,129891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129892,129886],{"class":65},[20,129894,46209,129895,129898,129899,17607,129901,129903,129904,129906],{},[15,129896,129897],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129900,152],{},[15,129902,152],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129905,7529],{}," statement.",[20,129908,129909],{},"A safer version is:",[47,129911,129913],{"className":49,"code":129912,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129914,129915,129927,129931,129960,129974,129980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129916,129917,129919,129921,129923,129925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129918,35217],{"class":65},[56,129920,1217],{"class":827},[56,129922,1231],{"class":1016},[56,129924,4386],{"class":1020},[56,129926,3903],{"class":1016},[56,129928,129929],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,129930,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,129932,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949,129951,129954,129956,129958],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129934,7529],{"class":62},[56,129936,43348],{"class":65},[56,129938,156],{"class":76},[56,129940,128665],{"class":95},[56,129942,77],{"class":76},[56,129944,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129946,60937],{"class":1020},[56,129948,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129950,4202],{"class":76},[56,129952,129953],{"class":827}," !=",[56,129955,828],{"class":827},[56,129957,529],{"class":80},[56,129959,1390],{"class":76},[56,129961,129962,129964,129966,129968,129970,129972],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,129963,90],{"class":72},[56,129965,77],{"class":76},[56,129967,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129969,129857],{"class":1020},[56,129971,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129973,99],{"class":76},[56,129975,129976,129978],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,129977,27964],{"class":62},[56,129979,1390],{"class":76},[56,129981,129982,129984,129986,129988,129990,129992],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,129983,90],{"class":72},[56,129985,77],{"class":76},[56,129987,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129989,26845],{"class":1020},[56,129991,1017],{"class":1016},[56,129993,99],{"class":76},[20,129995,129996],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[47,129998,130000],{"className":49,"code":129999,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130001,130002,130024,130038,130064,130078],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130003,130004,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014,130016,130018,130020,130022],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130005,373],{"class":72},[56,130007,77],{"class":76},[56,130009,35238],{"class":95},[56,130011,156],{"class":76},[56,130013,128665],{"class":95},[56,130015,77],{"class":76},[56,130017,3844],{"class":1016},[56,130019,38902],{"class":1020},[56,130021,3844],{"class":1016},[56,130023,1635],{"class":76},[56,130025,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,130027,373],{"class":72},[56,130029,77],{"class":76},[56,130031,42290],{"class":72},[56,130033,77],{"class":76},[56,130035,35238],{"class":95},[56,130037,1635],{"class":76},[56,130039,130040,130042,130044,130046,130048,130050,130052,130054,130056,130058,130060,130062],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,130041,373],{"class":72},[56,130043,77],{"class":76},[56,130045,35238],{"class":95},[56,130047,156],{"class":76},[56,130049,9171],{"class":95},[56,130051,9168],{"class":76},[56,130053,128665],{"class":95},[56,130055,77],{"class":76},[56,130057,3844],{"class":1016},[56,130059,38902],{"class":1020},[56,130061,3844],{"class":1016},[56,130063,1635],{"class":76},[56,130065,130066,130068,130070,130072,130074,130076],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,130067,373],{"class":72},[56,130069,77],{"class":76},[56,130071,1266],{"class":72},[56,130073,77],{"class":76},[56,130075,35238],{"class":95},[56,130077,1635],{"class":76},[56,130079,130080,130082,130084,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,130081,373],{"class":72},[56,130083,77],{"class":76},[56,130085,35238],{"class":95},[56,130087,156],{"class":76},[56,130089,128665],{"class":95},[56,130091,77],{"class":76},[56,130093,3844],{"class":1016},[56,130095,38902],{"class":1020},[56,130097,3844],{"class":1016},[56,130099,306],{"class":76},[56,130101,36576],{"class":95},[56,130103,306],{"class":76},[56,130105,65539],{"class":95},[56,130107,1635],{"class":76},[20,130109,130110],{},"These help you check:",[173,130112,130113,130118,130123,130128,130131],{},[176,130114,130115,130116],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130117,124635],{},[176,130119,130120,130121],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130122,122854],{},[176,130124,130125,130126],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130127,124370],{},[176,130129,130130],{},"The string length",[176,130132,130133,130134,4935,130136,130138],{},"Whether your ",[15,130135,303],{},[15,130137,53162],{}," values are correct",[42,130140,2343],{"id":2342},[353,130142,130144,130145,130147],{"id":130143},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130146,124635],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130149,5688,130150,156],{},[15,130151,66352],{},[353,130153,2347,130155,130157],{"id":130154},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130156,124635],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130159,130160],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[353,130162,130164,130165,124976],{"id":130163},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130166,124635],{},[20,130168,130169],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[353,130171,5718,130173,4935,130175,70151],{"id":130172},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130174,124635],{},[15,130176,59468],{},[20,130178,130179,2942,130181,130183,130184,52996,130186,156],{},[15,130180,124635],{},[15,130182,66352],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130185,59468],{},[15,130187,953],{},[353,130189,28859,130191,130193],{"id":130190},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130192,124635],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130195,130196,130197,4935,130199,66651],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130198,303],{},[15,130200,53162],{},[42,130202,2417],{"id":2416},[173,130204,130205,130211,130217,130224,130230,130237,130241,130246],{},[176,130206,130207],{},[264,130208,126640,130209,11273],{"href":124660},[15,130210,59468],{},[176,130212,130213],{},[264,130214,126640,130215,11273],{"href":129327},[15,130216,61030],{},[176,130218,130219],{},[264,130220,126640,130222,11273],{"href":130221},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130223,124811],{},[176,130225,130226],{},[264,130227,126640,130228,11273],{"href":128005},[15,130229,128008],{},[176,130231,130232],{},[264,130233,126640,130235,11273],{"href":130234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130236,126698],{},[176,130238,130239],{},[264,130240,125039],{"href":123895},[176,130242,130243],{},[264,130244,130245],{"href":129323},"How to split a string in Python",[176,130247,130248],{},[264,130249,26652,130250],{"href":73978},[15,130251,129611],{},[2451,130253,130254],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":130256},[130257,130259,130262,130263,130264,130265,130267,130268,130269,130281],{"id":128741,"depth":87,"text":130258},"What find() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":130260},[130261],{"id":17929,"depth":102,"text":17930},{"id":38531,"depth":87,"text":38532},{"id":65904,"depth":87,"text":66687},{"id":124286,"depth":87,"text":124287},{"id":129468,"depth":87,"text":130266},"find() vs index()",{"id":41555,"depth":87,"text":41556},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":130270},[130271,130273,130275,130277,130279],{"id":130143,"depth":102,"text":130272},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130154,"depth":102,"text":130274},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130163,"depth":102,"text":130276},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130172,"depth":102,"text":130278},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130190,"depth":102,"text":130280},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128613,"description":130282},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130289,"title":130290,"body":130291,"description":132217,"extension":2509,"meta":132218,"navigation":105,"path":132219,"seo":132220,"stem":132221,"__hash__":132222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130292,"toc":132185},[130293,130298,130303,130306,130308,130384,130388,130416,130424,130428,130433,130437,130454,130456,130523,130527,130549,130557,130559,130562,130586,130589,130603,130605,130690,130694,130706,130709,130713,130719,130769,130773,130790,130799,130802,130810,130813,130862,130866,130891,130894,130949,130953,130965,130971,130975,130981,130986,131053,131057,131083,131086,131097,131099,131166,131170,131195,131202,131206,131211,131218,131226,131228,131280,131284,131302,131304,131349,131353,131368,131371,131381,131388,131390,131394,131397,131408,131410,131470,131474,131502,131505,131511,131516,131519,131523,131567,131570,131608,131611,131619,131621,131626,131630,131633,131681,131684,131687,131743,131747,131752,131755,131804,131806,131855,131861,131866,131868,131915,131919,131932,131934,131985,131991,131994,131998,132001,132007,132012,132014,132017,132089,132092,132109,132111,132116,132119,132123,132129,132135,132142,132148,132154,132156,132182],[10,130294,123640,130296,11854],{"id":130295},"python-string-format-method",[15,130297,126643],{},[20,130299,123645,130300,130302],{},[15,130301,126643],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130304,130305],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[42,130307,45],{"id":44},[47,130309,130311],{"className":49,"code":130310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130312,130313,130325,130333,130337,130374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130314,130315,130317,130319,130321,130323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130316,8409],{"class":65},[56,130318,1217],{"class":827},[56,130320,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130322,12042],{"class":1020},[56,130324,3903],{"class":1016},[56,130326,130327,130329,130331],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,130328,22164],{"class":65},[56,130330,1217],{"class":827},[56,130332,89286],{"class":80},[56,130334,130335],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,130336,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,130338,130339,130341,130343,130345,130348,130350,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130364,130366,130368,130370,130372],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,130340,90494],{"class":65},[56,130342,1217],{"class":827},[56,130344,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130346,130347],{"class":1020},"My name is ",[56,130349,4333],{"class":80},[56,130351,130352],{"class":1020}," and I am ",[56,130354,4333],{"class":80},[56,130356,122636],{"class":1020},[56,130358,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130360,156],{"class":76},[56,130362,130363],{"class":95},"format",[56,130365,77],{"class":76},[56,130367,8201],{"class":95},[56,130369,306],{"class":76},[56,130371,9720],{"class":95},[56,130373,99],{"class":76},[56,130375,130376,130378,130380,130382],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,130377,373],{"class":72},[56,130379,77],{"class":76},[56,130381,90511],{"class":95},[56,130383,99],{"class":76},[20,130385,130386],{},[37,130387,239],{},[47,130389,130391],{"className":49,"code":130390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130392,130393],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130394,130395,130398,130400,130403,130406,130409,130412,130414],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130396,130397],{"class":65},"My name ",[56,130399,1176],{"class":827},[56,130401,130402],{"class":65}," Maya ",[56,130404,130405],{"class":827},"and",[56,130407,130408],{"class":65}," I am ",[56,130410,130411],{"class":80},"12",[56,130413,122669],{"class":65},[56,130415,122672],{"class":76},[20,130417,2638,130418,130420,130421,130423],{},[15,130419,4333],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130422,126643],{}," in the same order.",[20,130425,125392,130426,156],{},[264,130427,125395],{"href":51476},[42,130429,13530,130431,13533],{"id":130430},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130432,126643],{},[20,130434,2526,130435,11945],{},[15,130436,126643],{},[173,130438,130439,130442,130448,130451],{},[176,130440,130441],{},"inserts values into a string",[176,130443,130444,130445,130447],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130446,4333],{}," with given values",[176,130449,130450],{},"returns a new string",[176,130452,130453],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130455,986],{},[47,130457,130459],{"className":49,"code":130458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130460,130461,130475,130498,130502,130513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130462,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471,130473],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130464,35217],{"class":65},[56,130466,1217],{"class":827},[56,130468,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130470,45409],{"class":1020},[56,130472,4333],{"class":80},[56,130474,3903],{"class":1016},[56,130476,130477,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,130478,130479],{"class":65},"new_text ",[56,130481,1217],{"class":827},[56,130483,43348],{"class":65},[56,130485,156],{"class":76},[56,130487,130363],{"class":95},[56,130489,77],{"class":76},[56,130491,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130493,8210],{"class":1020},[56,130495,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130497,99],{"class":76},[56,130499,130500],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,130501,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,130503,130504,130506,130508,130511],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,130505,373],{"class":72},[56,130507,77],{"class":76},[56,130509,130510],{"class":95},"new_text",[56,130512,99],{"class":76},[56,130514,130515,130517,130519,130521],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,130516,373],{"class":72},[56,130518,77],{"class":76},[56,130520,35238],{"class":95},[56,130522,99],{"class":76},[20,130524,130525],{},[37,130526,239],{},[47,130528,130530],{"className":49,"code":130529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130531,130532,130541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130533,130534,130536,130538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130535,1102],{"class":65},[56,130537,306],{"class":76},[56,130539,130540],{"class":65}," Sam\n",[56,130542,130543,130545,130547],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,130544,1102],{"class":65},[56,130546,306],{"class":76},[56,130548,10370],{"class":76},[20,130550,2831,130551,130553,130554,130556],{},[15,130552,35238],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130555,126643],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[42,130558,2702],{"id":2701},[20,130560,130561],{},"The general form is:",[47,130563,130565],{"className":49,"code":130564,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130566,130567],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130568,130569,130571,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130570,1017],{"class":43835},[56,130572,130573],{"class":43839},"text {}",[56,130575,1017],{"class":43835},[56,130577,156],{"class":76},[56,130579,130363],{"class":95},[56,130581,77],{"class":76},[56,130583,3017],{"class":95},[56,130585,99],{"class":76},[20,130587,130588],{},"Key idea:",[173,130590,130591,130597,130600],{},[176,130592,130593,130594,130596],{},"each ",[15,130595,4333],{}," is a placeholder",[176,130598,130599],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[176,130601,130602],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130604,986],{},[47,130606,130608],{"className":49,"code":130607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130609,130610,130623,130637,130641,130679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130611,130612,130615,130617,130619,130621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130613,130614],{"class":65},"animal ",[56,130616,1217],{"class":827},[56,130618,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130620,37561],{"class":1020},[56,130622,3903],{"class":1016},[56,130624,130625,130628,130630,130632,130635],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,130626,130627],{"class":65},"sound ",[56,130629,1217],{"class":827},[56,130631,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130633,130634],{"class":1020},"meow",[56,130636,3903],{"class":1016},[56,130638,130639],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,130640,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,130642,130643,130646,130648,130650,130652,130654,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669,130672,130674,130677],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,130644,130645],{"class":65},"sentence ",[56,130647,1217],{"class":827},[56,130649,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130651,2526],{"class":1020},[56,130653,4333],{"class":80},[56,130655,130656],{"class":1020}," says ",[56,130658,4333],{"class":80},[56,130660,156],{"class":1020},[56,130662,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130664,156],{"class":76},[56,130666,130363],{"class":95},[56,130668,77],{"class":76},[56,130670,130671],{"class":95},"animal",[56,130673,306],{"class":76},[56,130675,130676],{"class":95}," sound",[56,130678,99],{"class":76},[56,130680,130681,130683,130685,130688],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,130682,373],{"class":72},[56,130684,77],{"class":76},[56,130686,130687],{"class":95},"sentence",[56,130689,99],{"class":76},[20,130691,130692],{},[37,130693,239],{},[47,130695,130697],{"className":49,"code":130696,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130698,130699],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130700,130701,130704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130702,130703],{"class":65},"The cat says meow",[56,130705,122672],{"class":76},[20,130707,130708],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[42,130710,130712],{"id":130711},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130714,130715,130716,130718],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130717,4333],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[47,130720,130722],{"className":49,"code":130721,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130723,130724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130725,130726,130728,130730,130732,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753,130756,130758,130760,130762,130765,130767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130727,373],{"class":72},[56,130729,77],{"class":76},[56,130731,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130733,130734],{"class":1020},"I like ",[56,130736,4333],{"class":80},[56,130738,4935],{"class":1020},[56,130740,4333],{"class":80},[56,130742,156],{"class":1020},[56,130744,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130746,156],{"class":76},[56,130748,130363],{"class":95},[56,130750,77],{"class":76},[56,130752,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130754,130755],{"class":1020},"pizza",[56,130757,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130759,306],{"class":76},[56,130761,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130763,130764],{"class":1020},"pasta",[56,130766,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130768,1635],{"class":76},[20,130770,130771],{},[37,130772,239],{},[47,130774,130776],{"className":49,"code":130775,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130777,130778],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130779,130780,130783,130785,130788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130781,130782],{"class":65},"I like pizza ",[56,130784,130405],{"class":827},[56,130786,130787],{"class":65}," pasta",[56,130789,122672],{"class":76},[20,130791,130792,130793,4935,130796,156],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130794,130795],{},"{0}",[15,130797,130798],{},"{1}",[20,130800,130801],{},"This is helpful when:",[173,130803,130804,130807],{},[176,130805,130806],{},"you want to reuse a value",[176,130808,130809],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130811,130812],{},"Example with reused values:",[47,130814,130816],{"className":49,"code":130815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130817,130818,130852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130819,130820,130822,130824,130826,130828,130831,130833,130836,130838,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130821,35217],{"class":65},[56,130823,1217],{"class":827},[56,130825,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130827,130795],{"class":80},[56,130829,130830],{"class":1020}," is learning Python. ",[56,130832,130795],{"class":80},[56,130834,130835],{"class":1020}," likes coding.",[56,130837,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130839,156],{"class":76},[56,130841,130363],{"class":95},[56,130843,77],{"class":76},[56,130845,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130847,20417],{"class":1020},[56,130849,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130851,99],{"class":76},[56,130853,130854,130856,130858,130860],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,130855,373],{"class":72},[56,130857,77],{"class":76},[56,130859,35238],{"class":95},[56,130861,99],{"class":76},[20,130863,130864],{},[37,130865,239],{},[47,130867,130869],{"className":49,"code":130868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130870,130871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130872,130873,130876,130878,130881,130883,130886,130889],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130874,130875],{"class":65},"Lina ",[56,130877,1176],{"class":827},[56,130879,130880],{"class":65}," learning Python",[56,130882,156],{"class":76},[56,130884,130885],{"class":25284}," Lina",[56,130887,130888],{"class":65}," likes coding",[56,130890,122672],{"class":76},[20,130892,130893],{},"Example with changed order:",[47,130895,130897],{"className":49,"code":130896,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130898,130899,130939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130900,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935,130937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130902,35217],{"class":65},[56,130904,1217],{"class":827},[56,130906,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130908,130798],{"class":80},[56,130910,83813],{"class":1020},[56,130912,130795],{"class":80},[56,130914,156],{"class":1020},[56,130916,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130918,156],{"class":76},[56,130920,130363],{"class":95},[56,130922,77],{"class":76},[56,130924,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130926,7116],{"class":1020},[56,130928,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130930,306],{"class":76},[56,130932,1231],{"class":1016},[56,130934,79760],{"class":1020},[56,130936,1017],{"class":1016},[56,130938,99],{"class":76},[56,130940,130941,130943,130945,130947],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,130942,373],{"class":72},[56,130944,77],{"class":76},[56,130946,35238],{"class":95},[56,130948,99],{"class":76},[20,130950,130951],{},[37,130952,239],{},[47,130954,130956],{"className":49,"code":130955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130957,130958],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130959,130960,130963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130961,130962],{"class":65},"two comes after one",[56,130964,122672],{"class":76},[20,130966,130967,130968,130970],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130969,4333],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[42,130972,130974],{"id":130973},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130976,130977,130978,156],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130979,130980],{},"{name}",[20,130982,130983,130984,1045],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130985,126643],{},[47,130987,130989],{"className":49,"code":130988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130990,130991,131043],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130992,130993,130995,130997,130999,131001,131003,131006,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130994,35217],{"class":65},[56,130996,1217],{"class":827},[56,130998,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131000,130347],{"class":1020},[56,131002,130980],{"class":80},[56,131004,131005],{"class":1020}," and I live in ",[56,131007,131008],{"class":80},"{city}",[56,131010,156],{"class":1020},[56,131012,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131014,156],{"class":76},[56,131016,130363],{"class":95},[56,131018,77],{"class":76},[56,131020,8201],{"class":9707},[56,131022,1217],{"class":827},[56,131024,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131026,13414],{"class":1020},[56,131028,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131030,306],{"class":76},[56,131032,31915],{"class":9707},[56,131034,1217],{"class":827},[56,131036,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131038,16566],{"class":1020},[56,131040,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131042,99],{"class":76},[56,131044,131045,131047,131049,131051],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131046,373],{"class":72},[56,131048,77],{"class":76},[56,131050,35238],{"class":95},[56,131052,99],{"class":76},[20,131054,131055],{},[37,131056,239],{},[47,131058,131060],{"className":49,"code":131059,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131061,131062],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131063,131064,131066,131068,131071,131073,131076,131078,131081],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131065,130397],{"class":65},[56,131067,1176],{"class":827},[56,131069,131070],{"class":65}," Ana ",[56,131072,130405],{"class":827},[56,131074,131075],{"class":65}," I live ",[56,131077,69],{"class":827},[56,131079,131080],{"class":65}," Lima",[56,131082,122672],{"class":76},[20,131084,131085],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[173,131087,131088,131091,131094],{},[176,131089,131090],{},"they make code easier to read",[176,131092,131093],{},"they help when a string has many values",[176,131095,131096],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131098,986],{},[47,131100,131102],{"className":49,"code":131101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131103,131104,131156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131105,131106,131109,131111,131113,131116,131119,131122,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131142,131144,131146,131149,131151,131154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131107,131108],{"class":65},"report ",[56,131110,1217],{"class":827},[56,131112,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131114,131115],{"class":1020},"Student: ",[56,131117,131118],{"class":80},"{student}",[56,131120,131121],{"class":1020},", Score: ",[56,131123,131124],{"class":80},"{score}",[56,131126,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131128,156],{"class":76},[56,131130,130363],{"class":95},[56,131132,77],{"class":76},[56,131134,14160],{"class":9707},[56,131136,1217],{"class":827},[56,131138,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131140,131141],{"class":1020},"Noah",[56,131143,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131145,306],{"class":76},[56,131147,131148],{"class":9707}," score",[56,131150,1217],{"class":827},[56,131152,131153],{"class":80},"95",[56,131155,99],{"class":76},[56,131157,131158,131160,131162,131164],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131159,373],{"class":72},[56,131161,77],{"class":76},[56,131163,128353],{"class":95},[56,131165,99],{"class":76},[20,131167,131168],{},[37,131169,239],{},[47,131171,131173],{"className":49,"code":131172,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131174,131175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131176,131177,131180,131182,131185,131187,131190,131192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131178,131179],{"class":65},"Student",[56,131181,1045],{"class":76},[56,131183,131184],{"class":65}," Noah",[56,131186,306],{"class":76},[56,131188,131189],{"class":65}," Score",[56,131191,1045],{"class":76},[56,131193,131194],{"class":80}," 95\n",[20,131196,131197,131198,156],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[264,131199,13,131200,2430],{"href":42684},[15,131201,48188],{},[42,131203,131205],{"id":131204},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131207,131208,131210],{},[15,131209,126643],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131212,131213,131214,131217],{},"A common example is ",[15,131215,131216],{},":.2f",", which means:",[173,131219,131220,131223],{},[176,131221,131222],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[176,131224,131225],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131227,986],{},[47,131229,131231],{"className":49,"code":131230,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131232,131233,131241,131270],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131234,131235,131237,131239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131236,40898],{"class":65},[56,131238,1217],{"class":827},[56,131240,49779],{"class":80},[56,131242,131243,131245,131247,131249,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264,131266,131268],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131244,35217],{"class":65},[56,131246,1217],{"class":827},[56,131248,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131250,131251],{"class":1020},"Price: $",[56,131253,9810],{"class":80},[56,131255,131216],{"class":2610},[56,131257,22839],{"class":80},[56,131259,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131261,156],{"class":76},[56,131263,130363],{"class":95},[56,131265,77],{"class":76},[56,131267,25683],{"class":95},[56,131269,99],{"class":76},[56,131271,131272,131274,131276,131278],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131273,373],{"class":72},[56,131275,77],{"class":76},[56,131277,35238],{"class":95},[56,131279,99],{"class":76},[20,131281,131282],{},[37,131283,239],{},[47,131285,131287],{"className":49,"code":131286,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131288,131289],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131290,131291,131294,131296,131299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131292,131293],{"class":65},"Price",[56,131295,1045],{"class":76},[56,131297,131298],{"class":37881}," $",[56,131300,131301],{"class":80},"3.50\n",[20,131303,52581],{},[47,131305,131307],{"className":49,"code":131306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131308,131309,131319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131310,131311,131314,131316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131312,131313],{"class":65},"average ",[56,131315,1217],{"class":827},[56,131317,131318],{"class":80}," 91.236\n",[56,131320,131321,131323,131325,131327,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131347],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131322,373],{"class":72},[56,131324,77],{"class":76},[56,131326,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131328,131329],{"class":1020},"Average: ",[56,131331,9810],{"class":80},[56,131333,131216],{"class":2610},[56,131335,22839],{"class":80},[56,131337,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131339,156],{"class":76},[56,131341,130363],{"class":95},[56,131343,77],{"class":76},[56,131345,131346],{"class":95},"average",[56,131348,1635],{"class":76},[20,131350,131351],{},[37,131352,239],{},[47,131354,131356],{"className":49,"code":131355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131357,131358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131359,131360,131363,131365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131361,131362],{"class":65},"Average",[56,131364,1045],{"class":76},[56,131366,131367],{"class":80}," 91.24\n",[20,131369,131370],{},"This is useful for:",[173,131372,131373,131375,131378],{},[176,131374,83571],{},[176,131376,131377],{},"averages",[176,131379,131380],{},"percentages",[20,131382,131383,131384,156],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[264,131385,13,131386,2848],{"href":46955},[15,131387,46958],{},[42,131389,17954],{"id":17953},[20,131391,131392,1934],{},[15,131393,126643],{},[20,131395,131396],{},"That means you can:",[173,131398,131399,131402,131405],{},[176,131400,131401],{},"save it in a variable",[176,131403,131404],{},"print it directly",[176,131406,131407],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131409,986],{},[47,131411,131413],{"className":49,"code":131412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131414,131415,131446,131456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131416,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439,131442,131444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131418,90494],{"class":65},[56,131420,1217],{"class":827},[56,131422,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131424,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131426,4333],{"class":80},[56,131428,90335],{"class":1020},[56,131430,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131432,156],{"class":76},[56,131434,130363],{"class":95},[56,131436,77],{"class":76},[56,131438,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131440,131441],{"class":1020},"Chris",[56,131443,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131445,99],{"class":76},[56,131447,131448,131450,131452,131454],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131449,373],{"class":72},[56,131451,77],{"class":76},[56,131453,90511],{"class":95},[56,131455,99],{"class":76},[56,131457,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131468],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131459,373],{"class":72},[56,131461,77],{"class":76},[56,131463,2312],{"class":378},[56,131465,77],{"class":76},[56,131467,90511],{"class":95},[56,131469,1635],{"class":76},[20,131471,131472],{},[37,131473,239],{},[47,131475,131477],{"className":49,"code":131476,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131478,131479,131488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131480,131481,131483,131485],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131482,1102],{"class":65},[56,131484,306],{"class":76},[56,131486,131487],{"class":65}," Chris!\n",[56,131489,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131491,3833],{"class":827},[56,131493,3836],{"class":2610},[56,131495,3839],{"class":1016},[56,131497,3988],{"class":1020},[56,131499,3844],{"class":1016},[56,131501,3847],{"class":827},[20,131503,131504],{},"The original string is not changed.",[42,131506,131508,131510],{"id":131507},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131509,126643],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131512,131513,131515],{},[15,131514,126643],{}," is a string method.",[20,131517,131518],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131520,46546,131521,1045],{},[15,131522,126643],{},[47,131524,131526],{"className":49,"code":131525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131527,131528,131541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131529,131530,131532,131534,131536,131539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131531,8409],{"class":65},[56,131533,1217],{"class":827},[56,131535,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131537,131538],{"class":1020},"Rita",[56,131540,3903],{"class":1016},[56,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131544,373],{"class":72},[56,131546,77],{"class":76},[56,131548,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131550,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131552,4333],{"class":80},[56,131554,90335],{"class":1020},[56,131556,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131558,156],{"class":76},[56,131560,130363],{"class":95},[56,131562,77],{"class":76},[56,131564,8201],{"class":95},[56,131566,1635],{"class":76},[20,131568,131569],{},"Example with an f-string:",[47,131571,131573],{"className":49,"code":131572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131574,131575,131587],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131576,131577,131579,131581,131583,131585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131578,8409],{"class":65},[56,131580,1217],{"class":827},[56,131582,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131584,131538],{"class":1020},[56,131586,3903],{"class":1016},[56,131588,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603,131606],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131590,373],{"class":72},[56,131592,77],{"class":76},[56,131594,22830],{"class":2610},[56,131596,43853],{"class":1020},[56,131598,9810],{"class":80},[56,131600,8201],{"class":95},[56,131602,22839],{"class":80},[56,131604,131605],{"class":1020},"!\"",[56,131607,99],{"class":76},[20,131609,131610],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131612,131613,131614,131616,131617,156],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131615,126643],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[264,131618,90180],{"href":90179},[42,131620,3374],{"id":3373},[20,131622,131623,131624,156],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131625,126643],{},[353,131627,131629],{"id":131628},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131631,131632],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[47,131634,131636],{"className":49,"code":131635,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131637,131638,131671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131639,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131641,35217],{"class":65},[56,131643,1217],{"class":827},[56,131645,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131647,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131649,4333],{"class":80},[56,131651,131652],{"class":80}," {}",[56,131654,90335],{"class":1020},[56,131656,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131658,156],{"class":76},[56,131660,130363],{"class":95},[56,131662,77],{"class":76},[56,131664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131666,8210],{"class":1020},[56,131668,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131670,99],{"class":76},[56,131672,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131674,373],{"class":72},[56,131676,77],{"class":76},[56,131678,35238],{"class":95},[56,131680,99],{"class":76},[20,131682,131683],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131685,131686],{},"Fixed version:",[47,131688,131690],{"className":49,"code":131689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131691,131692,131733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131693,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726,131729,131731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131695,35217],{"class":65},[56,131697,1217],{"class":827},[56,131699,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131701,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131703,4333],{"class":80},[56,131705,131652],{"class":80},[56,131707,90335],{"class":1020},[56,131709,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131711,156],{"class":76},[56,131713,130363],{"class":95},[56,131715,77],{"class":76},[56,131717,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131719,8210],{"class":1020},[56,131721,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131723,306],{"class":76},[56,131725,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131727,131728],{"class":1020},"Lee",[56,131730,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131732,99],{"class":76},[56,131734,131735,131737,131739,131741],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131736,373],{"class":72},[56,131738,77],{"class":76},[56,131740,35238],{"class":95},[56,131742,99],{"class":76},[353,131744,131746],{"id":131745},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131748,131749,131750,156],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131751,126643],{},[20,131753,131754],{},"Problem:",[47,131756,131758],{"className":49,"code":131757,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131759,131760,131794],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131761,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131763,35217],{"class":65},[56,131765,1217],{"class":827},[56,131767,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131769,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131771,130980],{"class":80},[56,131773,90335],{"class":1020},[56,131775,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131777,156],{"class":76},[56,131779,130363],{"class":95},[56,131781,77],{"class":76},[56,131783,8518],{"class":9707},[56,131785,1217],{"class":827},[56,131787,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131789,8210],{"class":1020},[56,131791,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131793,99],{"class":76},[56,131795,131796,131798,131800,131802],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131797,373],{"class":72},[56,131799,77],{"class":76},[56,131801,35238],{"class":95},[56,131803,99],{"class":76},[20,131805,131686],{},[47,131807,131809],{"className":49,"code":131808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131810,131811,131845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131812,131813,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131814,35217],{"class":65},[56,131816,1217],{"class":827},[56,131818,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131820,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131822,130980],{"class":80},[56,131824,90335],{"class":1020},[56,131826,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131828,156],{"class":76},[56,131830,130363],{"class":95},[56,131832,77],{"class":76},[56,131834,8201],{"class":9707},[56,131836,1217],{"class":827},[56,131838,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131840,8210],{"class":1020},[56,131842,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131844,99],{"class":76},[56,131846,131847,131849,131851,131853],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131848,373],{"class":72},[56,131850,77],{"class":76},[56,131852,35238],{"class":95},[56,131854,99],{"class":76},[353,131856,8983,131858,131860],{"id":131857},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131859,126643],{}," to change the original string",[20,131862,131863,131865],{},[15,131864,126643],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131867,131754],{},[47,131869,131871],{"className":49,"code":131870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131872,131873,131887,131905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131874,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131876,35217],{"class":65},[56,131878,1217],{"class":827},[56,131880,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131882,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131884,4333],{"class":80},[56,131886,3903],{"class":1016},[56,131888,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131890,35238],{"class":65},[56,131892,156],{"class":76},[56,131894,130363],{"class":95},[56,131896,77],{"class":76},[56,131898,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131900,8210],{"class":1020},[56,131902,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131904,99],{"class":76},[56,131906,131907,131909,131911,131913],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131908,373],{"class":72},[56,131910,77],{"class":76},[56,131912,35238],{"class":95},[56,131914,99],{"class":76},[20,131916,131917],{},[37,131918,239],{},[47,131920,131922],{"className":49,"code":131921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131923,131924],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131925,131926,131928,131930],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131927,1102],{"class":65},[56,131929,306],{"class":76},[56,131931,10370],{"class":76},[20,131933,131686],{},[47,131935,131937],{"className":49,"code":131936,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131938,131939,131953,131975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131940,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131942,35217],{"class":65},[56,131944,1217],{"class":827},[56,131946,1231],{"class":1016},[56,131948,45409],{"class":1020},[56,131950,4333],{"class":80},[56,131952,3903],{"class":1016},[56,131954,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,131956,35217],{"class":65},[56,131958,1217],{"class":827},[56,131960,43348],{"class":65},[56,131962,156],{"class":76},[56,131964,130363],{"class":95},[56,131966,77],{"class":76},[56,131968,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131970,8210],{"class":1020},[56,131972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,131974,99],{"class":76},[56,131976,131977,131979,131981,131983],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131978,373],{"class":72},[56,131980,77],{"class":76},[56,131982,35238],{"class":95},[56,131984,99],{"class":76},[353,131986,2103,131988,131990],{"id":131987},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131989,126643],{}," returns a new string",[20,131992,131993],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[353,131995,131997],{"id":131996},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131999,132000],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132002,132003,132004,132006],{},"Use simple ",[15,132005,4333],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132008,132009,132010,156],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[264,132011,90893],{"href":90892},[42,132013,68393],{"id":68392},[20,132015,132016],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[47,132018,132020],{"className":49,"code":132019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132021,132022,132032,132046,132075],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132023,132024,132026,132028,132030],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132025,373],{"class":72},[56,132027,77],{"class":76},[56,132029,35238],{"class":95},[56,132031,99],{"class":76},[56,132033,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132035,373],{"class":72},[56,132037,77],{"class":76},[56,132039,2312],{"class":378},[56,132041,77],{"class":76},[56,132043,3017],{"class":95},[56,132045,1635],{"class":76},[56,132047,132048,132050,132052,132054,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132049,373],{"class":72},[56,132051,77],{"class":76},[56,132053,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132055,132056],{"class":1020},"Hello ",[56,132058,4333],{"class":80},[56,132060,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132062,156],{"class":76},[56,132064,130363],{"class":95},[56,132066,77],{"class":76},[56,132068,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132070,8210],{"class":1020},[56,132072,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132074,1635],{"class":76},[56,132076,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,132078,32683],{"class":72},[56,132080,77],{"class":76},[56,132082,3988],{"class":378},[56,132084,156],{"class":76},[56,132086,130363],{"class":25284},[56,132088,99],{"class":76},[20,132090,132091],{},"Use them to check:",[173,132093,132094,132097,132100,132103],{},[176,132095,132096],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[176,132098,132099],{},"what type your value has",[176,132101,132102],{},"whether a small test example works",[176,132104,132105,132106],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132107,132108],{},"str.format",[42,132110,2343],{"id":2342},[353,132112,130144,132114,13249],{"id":132113},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132115,126643],{},[20,132117,132118],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[353,132120,132122],{"id":132121},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132124,132125,132126,132128],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132127,4333],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[353,132130,132132,132133,2363],{"id":132131},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132134,126643],{},[20,132136,132137,132138,132141],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132139,132140],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[353,132143,2385,132145,132147],{"id":132144},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132146,126643],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132149,132150,132151,132153],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132152,126643],{}," is still useful and common.",[42,132155,2417],{"id":2416},[173,132157,132158,132162,132166,132172,132178],{},[176,132159,132160],{},[264,132161,125395],{"href":51476},[176,132163,132164],{},[264,132165,91169],{"href":90179},[176,132167,132168],{},[264,132169,13,132170,2430],{"href":46955},[15,132171,46958],{},[176,132173,132174],{},[264,132175,13,132176,2430],{"href":42684},[15,132177,48188],{},[176,132179,132180],{},[264,132181,90893],{"href":90892},[2451,132183,132184],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":132186},[132187,132188,132190,132191,132192,132193,132194,132195,132197,132206,132207,132216],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":130430,"depth":87,"text":132189},"What the format() method does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":130711,"depth":87,"text":130712},{"id":130973,"depth":87,"text":130974},{"id":131204,"depth":87,"text":131205},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":131507,"depth":87,"text":132196},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":132198},[132199,132200,132201,132203,132205],{"id":131628,"depth":102,"text":131629},{"id":131745,"depth":102,"text":131746},{"id":131857,"depth":102,"text":132202},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131987,"depth":102,"text":132204},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131996,"depth":102,"text":131997},{"id":68392,"depth":87,"text":68393},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":132208},[132209,132211,132212,132214],{"id":132113,"depth":102,"text":132210},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132121,"depth":102,"text":132122},{"id":132131,"depth":102,"text":132213},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132144,"depth":102,"text":132215},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130290,"description":132217},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132224,"title":132225,"body":132226,"description":133706,"extension":2509,"meta":133707,"navigation":105,"path":133708,"seo":133709,"stem":133710,"__hash__":133711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132227,"toc":133678},[132228,132233,132238,132243,132245,132307,132314,132320,132325,132327,132343,132345,132416,132418,132432,132435,132485,132487,132489,132516,132519,132534,132537,132578,132581,132626,132633,132682,132684,132692,132694,132712,132714,132807,132815,132856,132861,132868,132874,132881,132884,132888,132989,132991,133013,133017,133070,133073,133076,133082,133089,133091,133130,133132,133150,133160,133167,133250,133253,133260,133267,133274,133278,133286,133332,133336,133345,133410,133415,133420,133431,133433,133438,133465,133467,133570,133573,133593,133595,133600,133603,133607,133611,133618,133627,133633,133636,133642,133644,133646,133675],[10,132229,123640,132231,11854],{"id":132230},"python-string-index-method",[15,132232,59468],{},[20,132234,123645,132235,132237],{},[15,132236,59468],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132239,132240,132241,156],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132242,953],{},[42,132244,45],{"id":44},[47,132246,132248],{"className":49,"code":132247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132249,132250,132262,132284,132294,132298,132302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132251,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132253,35217],{"class":65},[56,132255,1217],{"class":827},[56,132257,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132259,60905],{"class":1020},[56,132261,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132263,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132265,65418],{"class":65},[56,132267,1217],{"class":827},[56,132269,43348],{"class":65},[56,132271,156],{"class":76},[56,132273,1483],{"class":95},[56,132275,77],{"class":76},[56,132277,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132279,61090],{"class":1020},[56,132281,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132283,99],{"class":76},[56,132285,132286,132288,132290,132292],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132287,373],{"class":72},[56,132289,77],{"class":76},[56,132291,65445],{"class":95},[56,132293,99],{"class":76},[56,132295,132296],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,132297,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,132299,132300],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,132301,113],{"class":112},[56,132303,132304],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,132305,132306],{"class":112},"# 6\n",[20,132308,2638,132309,132311,132312,156],{},[15,132310,59468],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132313,953],{},[42,132315,160,132317,163],{"id":132316},"what-strindex-does",[15,132318,132319],{},"str.index()",[20,132321,132322,132324],{},[15,132323,132319],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132326,171],{},[173,132328,132329,132332,132335,132338],{},[176,132330,132331],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[176,132333,132334],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[176,132336,132337],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[176,132339,30823,132340,132342],{},[15,132341,953],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132344,986],{},[47,132346,132348],{"className":49,"code":132347,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132349,132350,132362,132366,132391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132351,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132353,35217],{"class":65},[56,132355,1217],{"class":827},[56,132357,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132359,4628],{"class":1020},[56,132361,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132363,132364],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132365,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,132367,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132369,373],{"class":72},[56,132371,77],{"class":76},[56,132373,35238],{"class":95},[56,132375,156],{"class":76},[56,132377,1483],{"class":95},[56,132379,77],{"class":76},[56,132381,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132383,264],{"class":1020},[56,132385,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132387,5901],{"class":76},[56,132389,132390],{"class":112},"     # 1\n",[56,132392,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,132394,373],{"class":72},[56,132396,77],{"class":76},[56,132398,35238],{"class":95},[56,132400,156],{"class":76},[56,132402,1483],{"class":95},[56,132404,77],{"class":76},[56,132406,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132408,123733],{"class":1020},[56,132410,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132412,5901],{"class":76},[56,132414,132415],{"class":112},"    # 2\n",[20,132417,2724],{},[173,132419,132420,132426],{},[176,132421,132422,128853,132424],{},[15,132423,18631],{},[15,132425,529],{},[176,132427,132428,128853,132430],{},[15,132429,128852],{},[15,132431,463],{},[20,132433,132434],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[47,132436,132438],{"className":49,"code":132437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132439,132440,132452,132456,132480],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132441,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132443,35217],{"class":65},[56,132445,1217],{"class":827},[56,132447,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132449,1102],{"class":1020},[56,132451,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132453,132454],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132455,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132459,373],{"class":72},[56,132461,77],{"class":76},[56,132463,35238],{"class":95},[56,132465,156],{"class":76},[56,132467,1483],{"class":95},[56,132469,77],{"class":76},[56,132471,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132473,51692],{"class":1020},[56,132475,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132477,5901],{"class":76},[56,132479,21303],{"class":112},[56,132481,132482],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,132483,132484],{"class":112},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[42,132486,2702],{"id":2701},[20,132488,2705],{},[47,132490,132492],{"className":49,"code":132491,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132493,132494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132495,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132497,61673],{"class":65},[56,132499,156],{"class":76},[56,132501,1483],{"class":95},[56,132503,77],{"class":76},[56,132505,3017],{"class":95},[56,132507,306],{"class":76},[56,132509,36576],{"class":95},[56,132511,306],{"class":76},[56,132513,65539],{"class":95},[56,132515,99],{"class":76},[20,132517,132518],{},"Parameters:",[173,132520,132521,132525,132529],{},[176,132522,132523,123832],{},[15,132524,3017],{},[176,132526,132527,128899],{},[15,132528,303],{},[176,132530,132531,132533],{},[15,132532,53162],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132535,132536],{},"You can use just the value:",[47,132538,132540],{"className":49,"code":132539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132541,132542,132554],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132543,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132545,35217],{"class":65},[56,132547,1217],{"class":827},[56,132549,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132551,51],{"class":1020},[56,132553,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132555,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132557,373],{"class":72},[56,132559,77],{"class":76},[56,132561,35238],{"class":95},[56,132563,156],{"class":76},[56,132565,1483],{"class":95},[56,132567,77],{"class":76},[56,132569,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132571,63785],{"class":1020},[56,132573,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132575,5901],{"class":76},[56,132577,51916],{"class":112},[20,132579,132580],{},"Or include a start position:",[47,132582,132584],{"className":49,"code":132583,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132585,132586,132598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132587,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132589,35217],{"class":65},[56,132591,1217],{"class":827},[56,132593,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132595,4628],{"class":1020},[56,132597,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132599,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132601,373],{"class":72},[56,132603,77],{"class":76},[56,132605,35238],{"class":95},[56,132607,156],{"class":76},[56,132609,1483],{"class":95},[56,132611,77],{"class":76},[56,132613,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132615,264],{"class":1020},[56,132617,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132619,306],{"class":76},[56,132621,414],{"class":80},[56,132623,5901],{"class":76},[56,132625,51271],{"class":112},[20,132627,132628,132629,4935,132631,1045],{},"Or include both ",[15,132630,303],{},[15,132632,53162],{},[47,132634,132636],{"className":49,"code":132635,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132637,132638,132650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132639,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132641,35217],{"class":65},[56,132643,1217],{"class":827},[56,132645,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132647,4628],{"class":1020},[56,132649,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132651,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678,132680],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132653,373],{"class":72},[56,132655,77],{"class":76},[56,132657,35238],{"class":95},[56,132659,156],{"class":76},[56,132661,1483],{"class":95},[56,132663,77],{"class":76},[56,132665,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132667,264],{"class":1020},[56,132669,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132671,306],{"class":76},[56,132673,414],{"class":80},[56,132675,306],{"class":76},[56,132677,496],{"class":80},[56,132679,5901],{"class":76},[56,132681,51271],{"class":112},[42,132683,38532],{"id":38531},[20,132685,29239,132686,132688,132689,156],{},[15,132687,59468],{}," is a ",[37,132690,132691],{},"zero-based index",[20,132693,2653],{},[173,132695,132696,132702,132707],{},[176,132697,132698,132699,132701],{},"Index ",[15,132700,152],{}," is the first character",[176,132703,132698,132704,132706],{},[15,132705,529],{}," is the second character",[176,132708,132698,132709,132711],{},[15,132710,463],{}," is the third character",[20,132713,986],{},[47,132715,132717],{"className":49,"code":132716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132718,132719,132731,132735,132759,132783],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132720,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132722,35217],{"class":65},[56,132724,1217],{"class":827},[56,132726,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132728,37561],{"class":1020},[56,132730,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132732,132733],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132734,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,132736,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132738,373],{"class":72},[56,132740,77],{"class":76},[56,132742,35238],{"class":95},[56,132744,156],{"class":76},[56,132746,1483],{"class":95},[56,132748,77],{"class":76},[56,132750,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132752,1243],{"class":1020},[56,132754,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132756,5901],{"class":76},[56,132758,51748],{"class":112},[56,132760,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,132762,373],{"class":72},[56,132764,77],{"class":76},[56,132766,35238],{"class":95},[56,132768,156],{"class":76},[56,132770,1483],{"class":95},[56,132772,77],{"class":76},[56,132774,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132776,264],{"class":1020},[56,132778,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132780,5901],{"class":76},[56,132782,28310],{"class":112},[56,132784,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,132786,373],{"class":72},[56,132788,77],{"class":76},[56,132790,35238],{"class":95},[56,132792,156],{"class":76},[56,132794,1483],{"class":95},[56,132796,77],{"class":76},[56,132798,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132800,63785],{"class":1020},[56,132802,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132804,5901],{"class":76},[56,132806,51916],{"class":112},[20,132808,132809,132811,132812,132814],{},[15,132810,59468],{}," returns only the ",[37,132813,30438],{}," matching position.",[47,132816,132818],{"className":49,"code":132817,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132819,132820,132832],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132821,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132823,35217],{"class":65},[56,132825,1217],{"class":827},[56,132827,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132829,4628],{"class":1020},[56,132831,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132833,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132835,373],{"class":72},[56,132837,77],{"class":76},[56,132839,35238],{"class":95},[56,132841,156],{"class":76},[56,132843,1483],{"class":95},[56,132845,77],{"class":76},[56,132847,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132849,264],{"class":1020},[56,132851,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132853,5901],{"class":76},[56,132855,28310],{"class":112},[20,132857,21513,132858,132860],{},[15,132859,18631],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132862,132863,132864,156],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[264,132865,132866,11273],{"href":125090},[15,132867,59090],{},[42,132869,958,132870,4935,132872],{"id":65904},[15,132871,303],{},[15,132873,53162],{},[20,132875,2526,132876,4935,132878,132880],{},[15,132877,303],{},[15,132879,53162],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132882,132883],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132885,46546,132886,1045],{},[15,132887,303],{},[47,132889,132891],{"className":49,"code":132890,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132892,132893,132905,132909,132933,132961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132894,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132896,35217],{"class":65},[56,132898,1217],{"class":827},[56,132900,1231],{"class":1016},[56,132902,4628],{"class":1020},[56,132904,3903],{"class":1016},[56,132906,132907],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,132908,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,132910,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132912,373],{"class":72},[56,132914,77],{"class":76},[56,132916,35238],{"class":95},[56,132918,156],{"class":76},[56,132920,1483],{"class":95},[56,132922,77],{"class":76},[56,132924,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132926,264],{"class":1020},[56,132928,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132930,5901],{"class":76},[56,132932,51621],{"class":112},[56,132934,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,132936,373],{"class":72},[56,132938,77],{"class":76},[56,132940,35238],{"class":95},[56,132942,156],{"class":76},[56,132944,1483],{"class":95},[56,132946,77],{"class":76},[56,132948,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132950,264],{"class":1020},[56,132952,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132954,306],{"class":76},[56,132956,414],{"class":80},[56,132958,5901],{"class":76},[56,132960,51470],{"class":112},[56,132962,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,132964,373],{"class":72},[56,132966,77],{"class":76},[56,132968,35238],{"class":95},[56,132970,156],{"class":76},[56,132972,1483],{"class":95},[56,132974,77],{"class":76},[56,132976,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132978,264],{"class":1020},[56,132980,1017],{"class":1016},[56,132982,306],{"class":76},[56,132984,424],{"class":80},[56,132986,5901],{"class":76},[56,132988,51254],{"class":112},[20,132990,20492],{},[173,132992,132993,133000,133006],{},[176,132994,132995,132996,66094,132998],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132997,18631],{},[15,132999,529],{},[176,133001,133002,133003,133005],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133004,463],{}," skips that first match",[176,133007,133002,133008,133010,133011],{},[15,133009,1603],{}," finds the last ",[15,133012,18631],{},[20,133014,46546,133015,1045],{},[15,133016,53162],{},[47,133018,133020],{"className":49,"code":133019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133021,133022,133034,133038],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133023,133024,133026,133028,133030,133032],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133025,35217],{"class":65},[56,133027,1217],{"class":827},[56,133029,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133031,4628],{"class":1020},[56,133033,3903],{"class":1016},[56,133035,133036],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133037,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,133039,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133041,373],{"class":72},[56,133043,77],{"class":76},[56,133045,35238],{"class":95},[56,133047,156],{"class":76},[56,133049,1483],{"class":95},[56,133051,77],{"class":76},[56,133053,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133055,76524],{"class":1020},[56,133057,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133059,306],{"class":76},[56,133061,822],{"class":80},[56,133063,306],{"class":76},[56,133065,424],{"class":80},[56,133067,5901],{"class":76},[56,133069,51916],{"class":112},[20,133071,133072],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133074,133075],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[42,133077,44720,133079,133081],{"id":133078},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133080,59468],{}," causes an error",[20,133083,133084,133085,52996,133087,156],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133086,59468],{},[15,133088,953],{},[20,133090,986],{},[47,133092,133094],{"className":49,"code":133093,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133095,133096,133108],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133097,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133099,35217],{"class":65},[56,133101,1217],{"class":827},[56,133103,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133105,4386],{"class":1020},[56,133107,3903],{"class":1016},[56,133109,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133111,373],{"class":72},[56,133113,77],{"class":76},[56,133115,35238],{"class":95},[56,133117,156],{"class":76},[56,133119,1483],{"class":95},[56,133121,77],{"class":76},[56,133123,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133125,22613],{"class":1020},[56,133127,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133129,1635],{"class":76},[20,133131,239],{},[47,133133,133135],{"className":49,"code":133134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133136,133137],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133138,133139,133141,133143,133146,133148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133140,953],{"class":378},[56,133142,1045],{"class":76},[56,133144,133145],{"class":65}," substring ",[56,133147,5170],{"class":827},[56,133149,66327],{"class":65},[20,133151,53843,133152,126606,133157,133159],{},[264,133153,133154],{"href":130284},[15,133155,133156],{},"str.find()",[15,133158,66352],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133161,133162,133163,4935,133165,1045],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133164,30333],{},[15,133166,30364],{},[47,133168,133170],{"className":49,"code":133169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133171,133172,133184,133188,133194,133217,133227,133235],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133173,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133175,35217],{"class":65},[56,133177,1217],{"class":827},[56,133179,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133181,4386],{"class":1020},[56,133183,3903],{"class":1016},[56,133185,133186],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133187,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,133189,133190,133192],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133191,30333],{"class":62},[56,133193,1390],{"class":76},[56,133195,133196,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,133197,133198],{"class":65},"    position ",[56,133200,1217],{"class":827},[56,133202,43348],{"class":65},[56,133204,156],{"class":76},[56,133206,1483],{"class":95},[56,133208,77],{"class":76},[56,133210,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133212,22613],{"class":1020},[56,133214,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133216,99],{"class":76},[56,133218,133219,133221,133223,133225],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,133220,90],{"class":72},[56,133222,77],{"class":76},[56,133224,65445],{"class":95},[56,133226,99],{"class":76},[56,133228,133229,133231,133233],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,133230,30364],{"class":62},[56,133232,42436],{"class":378},[56,133234,1390],{"class":76},[56,133236,133237,133239,133241,133243,133246,133248],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,133238,90],{"class":72},[56,133240,77],{"class":76},[56,133242,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133244,133245],{"class":1020},"Substring not found",[56,133247,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133249,99],{"class":76},[20,133251,133252],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133254,42456,133255,156],{},[264,133256,26212,133258],{"href":133257},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133259,129611],{},[42,133261,133263,1682,133265],{"id":133262},"index-vs-find",[15,133264,59468],{},[15,133266,124635],{},[20,133268,133269,4935,133271,133273],{},[15,133270,59468],{},[15,133272,124635],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[353,133275,133276],{"id":1483},[15,133277,59468],{},[173,133279,133280,133283],{},[176,133281,133282],{},"Returns the first match position",[176,133284,133285],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[47,133287,133289],{"className":49,"code":133288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133290,133291,133303,133327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133292,133293,133295,133297,133299,133301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133294,35217],{"class":65},[56,133296,1217],{"class":827},[56,133298,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133300,4386],{"class":1020},[56,133302,3903],{"class":1016},[56,133304,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133306,373],{"class":72},[56,133308,77],{"class":76},[56,133310,35238],{"class":95},[56,133312,156],{"class":76},[56,133314,1483],{"class":95},[56,133316,77],{"class":76},[56,133318,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133320,60946],{"class":1020},[56,133322,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133324,5901],{"class":76},[56,133326,28310],{"class":112},[56,133328,133329],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133330,133331],{"class":112},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[353,133333,133334],{"id":128665},[15,133335,124635],{},[173,133337,133338,133340],{},[176,133339,133282],{},[176,133341,11956,133342,133344],{},[15,133343,66352],{}," if nothing is found",[47,133346,133348],{"className":49,"code":133347,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133349,133350,133362,133386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133351,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133353,35217],{"class":65},[56,133355,1217],{"class":827},[56,133357,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133359,4386],{"class":1020},[56,133361,3903],{"class":1016},[56,133363,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133365,373],{"class":72},[56,133367,77],{"class":76},[56,133369,35238],{"class":95},[56,133371,156],{"class":76},[56,133373,128665],{"class":95},[56,133375,77],{"class":76},[56,133377,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133379,60946],{"class":1020},[56,133381,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133383,5901],{"class":76},[56,133385,28310],{"class":112},[56,133387,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133389,373],{"class":72},[56,133391,77],{"class":76},[56,133393,35238],{"class":95},[56,133395,156],{"class":76},[56,133397,128665],{"class":95},[56,133399,77],{"class":76},[56,133401,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133403,22613],{"class":1020},[56,133405,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133407,5901],{"class":76},[56,133409,129021],{"class":112},[20,133411,2638,133412,133414],{},[15,133413,59468],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133416,2638,133417,133419],{},[15,133418,124635],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133421,133422,133423,3422,133428,156],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[264,133424,133425,133427],{"href":130284},[15,133426,133156],{}," method reference",[264,133429,127676],{"href":133430},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[42,133432,3374],{"id":3373},[20,133434,133435,133436,1045],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133437,59468],{},[173,133439,133440,133443,133450,133455,133460],{},[176,133441,133442],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[176,133444,8983,133445,8986,133447,133449],{},[15,133446,59468],{},[15,133448,66352],{}," when no match exists",[176,133451,958,133452,133454],{},[15,133453,59468],{}," on a value that may not be present",[176,133456,133457,133458],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133459,529],{},[176,133461,1796,133462,133464],{},[15,133463,59468],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133466,62793],{},[47,133468,133470],{"className":49,"code":133469,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133471,133472,133482,133496,133518,133540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133473,133474,133476,133478,133480],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133475,373],{"class":72},[56,133477,77],{"class":76},[56,133479,35238],{"class":95},[56,133481,99],{"class":76},[56,133483,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133485,373],{"class":72},[56,133487,77],{"class":76},[56,133489,42290],{"class":72},[56,133491,77],{"class":76},[56,133493,35238],{"class":95},[56,133495,1635],{"class":76},[56,133497,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133499,373],{"class":72},[56,133501,77],{"class":76},[56,133503,35238],{"class":95},[56,133505,156],{"class":76},[56,133507,1483],{"class":95},[56,133509,77],{"class":76},[56,133511,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133513,3017],{"class":1020},[56,133515,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133517,1635],{"class":76},[56,133519,133520,133522,133524,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,133521,373],{"class":72},[56,133523,77],{"class":76},[56,133525,35238],{"class":95},[56,133527,156],{"class":76},[56,133529,128665],{"class":95},[56,133531,77],{"class":76},[56,133533,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133535,3017],{"class":1020},[56,133537,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133539,1635],{"class":76},[56,133541,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,133543,373],{"class":72},[56,133545,77],{"class":76},[56,133547,35238],{"class":95},[56,133549,156],{"class":76},[56,133551,1483],{"class":95},[56,133553,77],{"class":76},[56,133555,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133557,3017],{"class":1020},[56,133559,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133561,306],{"class":76},[56,133563,36576],{"class":95},[56,133565,306],{"class":76},[56,133567,65539],{"class":95},[56,133569,1635],{"class":76},[20,133571,133572],{},"Tips:",[173,133574,133575,133580,133585,133588],{},[176,133576,2638,133577,133579],{},[15,133578,126562],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[176,133581,2638,133582,133584],{},[15,133583,124635],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[176,133586,133587],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[176,133589,133590,133591],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133592,152],{},[42,133594,2343],{"id":2342},[353,133596,130144,133598,13249],{"id":133597},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133599,59468],{},[20,133601,133602],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[353,133604,133606],{"id":133605},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133608,950,133609,156],{},[15,133610,953],{},[353,133612,5718,133614,4935,133616,2363],{"id":133613},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133615,59468],{},[15,133617,124635],{},[20,133619,133620,133622,133623,2942,133625,7162],{},[15,133621,59468],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133624,124635],{},[15,133626,66352],{},[353,133628,2372,133630,133632],{"id":133629},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133631,59468],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133634,133635],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[353,133637,133639,133640,124976],{"id":133638},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133641,59468],{},[20,133643,130169],{},[42,133645,2417],{"id":2416},[173,133647,133648,133654,133658,133663,133669],{},[176,133649,133650],{},[264,133651,133652,11273],{"href":130284},[15,133653,133156],{},[176,133655,133656],{},[264,133657,125039],{"href":133430},[176,133659,133660],{},[264,133661,130245],{"href":133662},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[176,133664,133665],{},[264,133666,133667,11273],{"href":125090},[15,133668,59090],{},[176,133670,133671],{},[264,133672,30877,133673],{"href":133257},[15,133674,129611],{},[2451,133676,133677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":133679},[133680,133681,133683,133684,133685,133686,133688,133693,133694,133705],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":132316,"depth":87,"text":133682},"What str.index() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":38531,"depth":87,"text":38532},{"id":65904,"depth":87,"text":66687},{"id":133078,"depth":87,"text":133687},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133262,"depth":87,"text":133689,"children":133690},"index() vs find()",[133691,133692],{"id":1483,"depth":102,"text":59468},{"id":128665,"depth":102,"text":124635},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":133695},[133696,133698,133699,133701,133703],{"id":133597,"depth":102,"text":133697},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133605,"depth":102,"text":133606},{"id":133613,"depth":102,"text":133700},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133629,"depth":102,"text":133702},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133638,"depth":102,"text":133704},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132225,"description":133706},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133713,"title":133714,"body":133715,"description":136490,"extension":2509,"meta":136491,"navigation":105,"path":136492,"seo":136493,"stem":136494,"__hash__":136495},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133716,"toc":136426},[133717,133723,133728,133731,133734,133745,133747,133816,133818,133832,133837,133842,133847,133849,133892,133894,133977,133979,134025,134031,134033,134035,134055,134057,134080,134082,134156,134158,134177,134182,134184,134188,134260,134262,134276,134280,134356,134358,134377,134381,134475,134477,134486,134493,134569,134571,134589,134593,134596,134603,134652,134654,134663,134670,134729,134731,134749,134752,134759,134818,134820,134838,134845,134902,134904,134913,134917,134922,134926,134985,134987,135005,135009,135056,135061,135064,135133,135135,135152,135159,135165,135220,135225,135228,135305,135307,135325,135331,135337,135397,135399,135418,135424,135427,135434,135487,135492,135494,135555,135564,135571,135573,135630,135635,135637,135708,135712,135767,135769,135778,135783,135789,135858,135860,135892,135898,135906,135913,135919,135984,135986,135995,136001,136082,136084,136093,136098,136112,136119,136123,136128,136156,136158,136291,136294,136331,136333,136339,136348,136353,136356,136361,136366,136372,136375,136384,136387,136389,136418,136423],[10,133718,123640,133720,11854],{"id":133719},"python-string-join-method",[15,133721,133722],{},"join()",[20,133724,123645,133725,133727],{},[15,133726,133722],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133729,133730],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133732,133733],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[173,133735,133736,133742],{},[176,133737,133738,133739,133741],{},"You call ",[15,133740,133722],{}," on the separator string",[176,133743,133744],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[42,133746,4151],{"id":4150},[47,133748,133750],{"className":49,"code":133749,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133751,133752,133785,133806],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133753,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133781,133783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133755,4610],{"class":65},[56,133757,1217],{"class":827},[56,133759,1220],{"class":76},[56,133761,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133763,7829],{"class":1020},[56,133765,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133767,306],{"class":76},[56,133769,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133771,1176],{"class":1020},[56,133773,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133775,306],{"class":76},[56,133777,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133779,133780],{"class":1020},"fun",[56,133782,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133784,427],{"class":76},[56,133786,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133800,133802,133804],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133788,2775],{"class":65},[56,133790,1217],{"class":827},[56,133792,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133794,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133796,156],{"class":76},[56,133798,133799],{"class":95},"join",[56,133801,77],{"class":76},[56,133803,4654],{"class":95},[56,133805,99],{"class":76},[56,133807,133808,133810,133812,133814],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133809,373],{"class":72},[56,133811,77],{"class":76},[56,133813,2809],{"class":95},[56,133815,99],{"class":76},[20,133817,239],{},[47,133819,133821],{"className":49,"code":133820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python is fun\n",[15,133822,133823],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133824,133825,133827,133829],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133826,13],{"class":65},[56,133828,1176],{"class":827},[56,133830,133831],{"class":65}," fun\n",[20,133833,2638,133834,133836],{},[15,133835,133722],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[42,133838,160,133840,163],{"id":133839},"what-join-does",[15,133841,133722],{},[20,133843,133844,133846],{},[15,133845,133722],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133848,11991],{},[173,133850,133851,133858,133886,133889],{},[176,133852,133853,133854,133857],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133855,133856],{},".join()"," as the separator",[176,133859,133860,133861],{},"Common separators are:\n",[173,133862,133863,133869,133875,133881],{},[176,133864,133865,133868],{},[15,133866,133867],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[176,133870,133871,133874],{},[15,133872,133873],{},"\", \""," for commas",[176,133876,133877,133880],{},[15,133878,133879],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[176,133882,133883,133885],{},[15,133884,6807],{}," for no separator",[176,133887,133888],{},"It returns a new string",[176,133890,133891],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133893,986],{},[47,133895,133897],{"className":49,"code":133896,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133898,133899,133931,133953,133957,133967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133902,4610],{"class":65},[56,133904,1217],{"class":827},[56,133906,1220],{"class":76},[56,133908,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133910,13626],{"class":1020},[56,133912,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133914,306],{"class":76},[56,133916,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133918,17990],{"class":1020},[56,133920,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133922,306],{"class":76},[56,133924,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133926,13643],{"class":1020},[56,133928,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133930,427],{"class":76},[56,133932,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,133934,2775],{"class":65},[56,133936,1217],{"class":827},[56,133938,1231],{"class":1016},[56,133940,2735],{"class":1020},[56,133942,1017],{"class":1016},[56,133944,156],{"class":76},[56,133946,133799],{"class":95},[56,133948,77],{"class":76},[56,133950,4654],{"class":95},[56,133952,99],{"class":76},[56,133954,133955],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133956,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,133958,133959,133961,133963,133965],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,133960,373],{"class":72},[56,133962,77],{"class":76},[56,133964,2809],{"class":95},[56,133966,99],{"class":76},[56,133968,133969,133971,133973,133975],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,133970,373],{"class":72},[56,133972,77],{"class":76},[56,133974,4654],{"class":95},[56,133976,99],{"class":76},[20,133978,239],{},[47,133980,133982],{"className":49,"code":133981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133983,133984,133997],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133985,133986,133988,133990,133993,133995],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133987,13626],{"class":65},[56,133989,306],{"class":76},[56,133991,133992],{"class":65}," green",[56,133994,306],{"class":76},[56,133996,36407],{"class":65},[56,133998,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134000,402],{"class":76},[56,134002,3844],{"class":1016},[56,134004,13626],{"class":1020},[56,134006,3844],{"class":1016},[56,134008,306],{"class":76},[56,134010,3839],{"class":1016},[56,134012,17990],{"class":1020},[56,134014,3844],{"class":1016},[56,134016,306],{"class":76},[56,134018,3839],{"class":1016},[56,134020,13643],{"class":1020},[56,134022,3844],{"class":1016},[56,134024,427],{"class":76},[20,134026,134027,134028,134030],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,134029,133722],{}," creates a new string.",[42,134032,2702],{"id":2701},[20,134034,7750],{},[47,134036,134038],{"className":49,"code":134037,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,134039,134040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134041,134042,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134043,134044],{"class":65},"separator",[56,134046,156],{"class":76},[56,134048,133799],{"class":95},[56,134050,77],{"class":76},[56,134052,4261],{"class":95},[56,134054,99],{"class":76},[353,134056,49513],{"id":49512},[173,134058,134059,134072,134077],{},[176,134060,134061,134063,134064,2735,134066,2735,134068,2739,134070],{},[15,134062,134044],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134065,133867],{},[15,134067,133873],{},[15,134069,133879],{},[15,134071,6807],{},[176,134073,134074,134076],{},[15,134075,4261],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[176,134078,134079],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134081,986],{},[47,134083,134085],{"className":49,"code":134084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134086,134087,134119,134142,134146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134088,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134090,5534],{"class":65},[56,134092,1217],{"class":827},[56,134094,1220],{"class":76},[56,134096,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134098,13414],{"class":1020},[56,134100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134102,306],{"class":76},[56,134104,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134106,36467],{"class":1020},[56,134108,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134110,306],{"class":76},[56,134112,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134114,36476],{"class":1020},[56,134116,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134118,427],{"class":76},[56,134120,134121,134123,134125,134127,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134122,2775],{"class":65},[56,134124,1217],{"class":827},[56,134126,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134128,134129],{"class":1020}," | ",[56,134131,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134133,156],{"class":76},[56,134135,133799],{"class":95},[56,134137,77],{"class":76},[56,134139,5578],{"class":95},[56,134141,99],{"class":76},[56,134143,134144],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134145,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,134147,134148,134150,134152,134154],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,134149,373],{"class":72},[56,134151,77],{"class":76},[56,134153,2809],{"class":95},[56,134155,99],{"class":76},[20,134157,239],{},[47,134159,134161],{"className":49,"code":134160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134162,134163],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134164,134165,134168,134170,134173,134175],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134166,134167],{"class":65},"Ana ",[56,134169,114147],{"class":827},[56,134171,134172],{"class":65}," Ben ",[56,134174,114147],{"class":827},[56,134176,36548],{"class":65},[20,134178,134179,134180,156],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[264,134181,125395],{"href":51476},[42,134183,122171],{"id":122170},[353,134185,134187],{"id":134186},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[47,134189,134191],{"className":49,"code":134190,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134192,134193,134226,134246,134250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134194,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134222,134224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134196,4610],{"class":65},[56,134198,1217],{"class":827},[56,134200,1220],{"class":76},[56,134202,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134204,7829],{"class":1020},[56,134206,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134208,306],{"class":76},[56,134210,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134212,1176],{"class":1020},[56,134214,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134216,306],{"class":76},[56,134218,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134220,134221],{"class":1020},"easy",[56,134223,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134225,427],{"class":76},[56,134227,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134229,2775],{"class":65},[56,134231,1217],{"class":827},[56,134233,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134235,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134237,156],{"class":76},[56,134239,133799],{"class":95},[56,134241,77],{"class":76},[56,134243,4654],{"class":95},[56,134245,99],{"class":76},[56,134247,134248],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134249,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,134251,134252,134254,134256,134258],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,134253,373],{"class":72},[56,134255,77],{"class":76},[56,134257,2809],{"class":95},[56,134259,99],{"class":76},[20,134261,239],{},[47,134263,134265],{"className":49,"code":134264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python is easy\n",[15,134266,134267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134268,134269,134271,134273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134270,13],{"class":65},[56,134272,1176],{"class":827},[56,134274,134275],{"class":65}," easy\n",[353,134277,134279],{"id":134278},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[47,134281,134283],{"className":49,"code":134282,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134284,134285,134320,134342,134346],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134286,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134298,134300,134302,134304,134307,134309,134311,134313,134316,134318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134288,1214],{"class":65},[56,134290,1217],{"class":827},[56,134292,1220],{"class":76},[56,134294,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134296,134297],{"class":1020},"apples",[56,134299,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134301,306],{"class":76},[56,134303,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134305,134306],{"class":1020},"bananas",[56,134308,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134310,306],{"class":76},[56,134312,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134314,134315],{"class":1020},"oranges",[56,134317,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134319,427],{"class":76},[56,134321,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134323,2775],{"class":65},[56,134325,1217],{"class":827},[56,134327,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134329,2735],{"class":1020},[56,134331,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134333,156],{"class":76},[56,134335,133799],{"class":95},[56,134337,77],{"class":76},[56,134339,1271],{"class":95},[56,134341,99],{"class":76},[56,134343,134344],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134345,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,134347,134348,134350,134352,134354],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,134349,373],{"class":72},[56,134351,77],{"class":76},[56,134353,2809],{"class":95},[56,134355,99],{"class":76},[20,134357,239],{},[47,134359,134361],{"className":49,"code":134360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134362,134363],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134364,134365,134367,134369,134372,134374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134366,134297],{"class":65},[56,134368,306],{"class":76},[56,134370,134371],{"class":65}," bananas",[56,134373,306],{"class":76},[56,134375,134376],{"class":65}," oranges\n",[353,134378,134380],{"id":134379},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[47,134382,134384],{"className":49,"code":134383,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134385,134386,134443,134461,134465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134387,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134389,36614],{"class":65},[56,134391,1217],{"class":827},[56,134393,1220],{"class":76},[56,134395,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134397,134398],{"class":1020},"P",[56,134400,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134402,306],{"class":76},[56,134404,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134406,12279],{"class":1020},[56,134408,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134410,306],{"class":76},[56,134412,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134414,63785],{"class":1020},[56,134416,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134418,306],{"class":76},[56,134420,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134422,60937],{"class":1020},[56,134424,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134426,306],{"class":76},[56,134428,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134430,60972],{"class":1020},[56,134432,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134434,306],{"class":76},[56,134436,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134438,76524],{"class":1020},[56,134440,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134442,427],{"class":76},[56,134444,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134446,2775],{"class":65},[56,134448,1217],{"class":827},[56,134450,6661],{"class":1016},[56,134452,156],{"class":76},[56,134454,133799],{"class":95},[56,134456,77],{"class":76},[56,134458,36666],{"class":95},[56,134460,99],{"class":76},[56,134462,134463],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134464,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,134466,134467,134469,134471,134473],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,134468,373],{"class":72},[56,134470,77],{"class":76},[56,134472,2809],{"class":95},[56,134474,99],{"class":76},[20,134476,239],{},[47,134478,134480],{"className":49,"code":134479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python\n",[15,134481,134482],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134483,134484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134485,134479],{"class":65},[353,134487,134489,134490,134492],{"id":134488},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134491,133722],{}," returns the result",[47,134494,134496],{"className":49,"code":134495,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134497,134498,134531,134554,134558],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134499,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134527,134529],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134501,4610],{"class":65},[56,134503,1217],{"class":827},[56,134505,1220],{"class":76},[56,134507,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134509,7116],{"class":1020},[56,134511,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134513,306],{"class":76},[56,134515,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134517,79760],{"class":1020},[56,134519,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134521,306],{"class":76},[56,134523,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134525,134526],{"class":1020},"three",[56,134528,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134530,427],{"class":76},[56,134532,134533,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134534,134535],{"class":65},"joined_text ",[56,134537,1217],{"class":827},[56,134539,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134541,2568],{"class":1020},[56,134543,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134545,156],{"class":76},[56,134547,133799],{"class":95},[56,134549,77],{"class":76},[56,134551,4654],{"class":95},[56,134553,99],{"class":76},[56,134555,134556],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134557,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,134559,134560,134562,134564,134567],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,134561,373],{"class":72},[56,134563,77],{"class":76},[56,134565,134566],{"class":95},"joined_text",[56,134568,99],{"class":76},[20,134570,239],{},[47,134572,134574],{"className":49,"code":134573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"one-two-three\n",[15,134575,134576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134577,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134579,7116],{"class":65},[56,134581,2568],{"class":827},[56,134583,79760],{"class":65},[56,134585,2568],{"class":827},[56,134587,134588],{"class":65},"three\n",[42,134590,134592],{"id":134591},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134594,134595],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[353,134597,134599,134602],{"id":134598},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134600,134601],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[47,134604,134606],{"className":49,"code":134605,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134607,134608,134632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134609,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134611,4610],{"class":65},[56,134613,1217],{"class":827},[56,134615,1220],{"class":76},[56,134617,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134619,4386],{"class":1020},[56,134621,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134623,306],{"class":76},[56,134625,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134627,61090],{"class":1020},[56,134629,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134631,427],{"class":76},[56,134633,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134635,373],{"class":72},[56,134637,77],{"class":76},[56,134639,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134641,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134643,156],{"class":76},[56,134645,133799],{"class":95},[56,134647,77],{"class":76},[56,134649,4654],{"class":95},[56,134651,1635],{"class":76},[20,134653,239],{},[47,134655,134657],{"className":49,"code":134656,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\n",[15,134658,134659],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134660,134661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134662,134656],{"class":65},[353,134664,134666,134669],{"id":134665},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134667,134668],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[47,134671,134673],{"className":49,"code":134672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134674,134675,134707],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134676,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134678,13609],{"class":65},[56,134680,1217],{"class":827},[56,134682,1220],{"class":76},[56,134684,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134686,13626],{"class":1020},[56,134688,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134690,306],{"class":76},[56,134692,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134694,13643],{"class":1020},[56,134696,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134698,306],{"class":76},[56,134700,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134702,17990],{"class":1020},[56,134704,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134706,427],{"class":76},[56,134708,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134710,373],{"class":72},[56,134712,77],{"class":76},[56,134714,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134716,2735],{"class":1020},[56,134718,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134720,156],{"class":76},[56,134722,133799],{"class":95},[56,134724,77],{"class":76},[56,134726,18037],{"class":95},[56,134728,1635],{"class":76},[20,134730,239],{},[47,134732,134734],{"className":49,"code":134733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134735,134736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134737,134738,134740,134742,134745,134747],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134739,13626],{"class":65},[56,134741,306],{"class":76},[56,134743,134744],{"class":65}," blue",[56,134746,306],{"class":76},[56,134748,36400],{"class":65},[20,134750,134751],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[353,134753,134755,134758],{"id":134754},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134756,134757],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[47,134760,134762],{"className":49,"code":134761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134763,134764,134796],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134765,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134767,43343],{"class":65},[56,134769,1217],{"class":827},[56,134771,1220],{"class":76},[56,134773,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134775,51],{"class":1020},[56,134777,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134779,306],{"class":76},[56,134781,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134783,61673],{"class":1020},[56,134785,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134787,306],{"class":76},[56,134789,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134791,133799],{"class":1020},[56,134793,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134795,427],{"class":76},[56,134797,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134799,373],{"class":72},[56,134801,77],{"class":76},[56,134803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134805,2568],{"class":1020},[56,134807,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134809,156],{"class":76},[56,134811,133799],{"class":95},[56,134813,77],{"class":76},[56,134815,43375],{"class":95},[56,134817,1635],{"class":76},[20,134819,239],{},[47,134821,134823],{"className":49,"code":134822,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"python-string-join\n",[15,134824,134825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134826,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134828,51],{"class":65},[56,134830,2568],{"class":827},[56,134832,61673],{"class":65},[56,134834,2568],{"class":827},[56,134836,134837],{"class":65},"join\n",[353,134839,134841,134844],{"id":134840},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134842,134843],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[47,134846,134848],{"className":49,"code":134847,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134849,134850,134883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134851,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134879,134881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134853,113219],{"class":65},[56,134855,1217],{"class":827},[56,134857,1220],{"class":76},[56,134859,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134861,22781],{"class":1020},[56,134863,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134865,306],{"class":76},[56,134867,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134869,31130],{"class":1020},[56,134871,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134873,306],{"class":76},[56,134875,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134877,134878],{"class":1020},"C",[56,134880,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134882,427],{"class":76},[56,134884,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134900],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134886,373],{"class":72},[56,134888,77],{"class":76},[56,134890,6807],{"class":1016},[56,134892,156],{"class":76},[56,134894,133799],{"class":95},[56,134896,77],{"class":76},[56,134898,134899],{"class":95},"chars",[56,134901,1635],{"class":76},[20,134903,239],{},[47,134905,134907],{"className":49,"code":134906,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ABC\n",[15,134908,134909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134910,134911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134912,134906],{"class":34982},[42,134914,134916],{"id":134915},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134918,134919,134921],{},[15,134920,133722],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[353,134923,134925],{"id":134924},"this-works","This works",[47,134927,134929],{"className":49,"code":134928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134930,134931,134963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134932,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134934,4364],{"class":65},[56,134936,1217],{"class":827},[56,134938,1220],{"class":76},[56,134940,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134942,2291],{"class":1020},[56,134944,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134946,306],{"class":76},[56,134948,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134950,16289],{"class":1020},[56,134952,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134954,306],{"class":76},[56,134956,1231],{"class":1016},[56,134958,37355],{"class":1020},[56,134960,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134962,427],{"class":76},[56,134964,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,134966,373],{"class":72},[56,134968,77],{"class":76},[56,134970,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134972,2735],{"class":1020},[56,134974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,134976,156],{"class":76},[56,134978,133799],{"class":95},[56,134980,77],{"class":76},[56,134982,5898],{"class":95},[56,134984,1635],{"class":76},[20,134986,239],{},[47,134988,134990],{"className":49,"code":134989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134991,134992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134993,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134995,2291],{"class":80},[56,134997,306],{"class":76},[56,134999,8323],{"class":80},[56,135001,306],{"class":76},[56,135003,135004],{"class":80}," 30\n",[353,135006,135008],{"id":135007},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[47,135010,135012],{"className":49,"code":135011,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135013,135014,135034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135017,4364],{"class":65},[56,135019,1217],{"class":827},[56,135021,1220],{"class":76},[56,135023,529],{"class":80},[56,135025,306],{"class":76},[56,135027,414],{"class":80},[56,135029,306],{"class":76},[56,135031,419],{"class":80},[56,135033,427],{"class":76},[56,135035,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135037,373],{"class":72},[56,135039,77],{"class":76},[56,135041,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135043,2735],{"class":1020},[56,135045,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135047,156],{"class":76},[56,135049,133799],{"class":95},[56,135051,77],{"class":76},[56,135053,5898],{"class":95},[56,135055,1635],{"class":76},[20,135057,90798,135058,135060],{},[15,135059,3547],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135062,135063],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[47,135065,135067],{"className":49,"code":135066,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135068,135069,135089,135119,135123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135070,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135072,4364],{"class":65},[56,135074,1217],{"class":827},[56,135076,1220],{"class":76},[56,135078,529],{"class":80},[56,135080,306],{"class":76},[56,135082,414],{"class":80},[56,135084,306],{"class":76},[56,135086,419],{"class":80},[56,135088,427],{"class":76},[56,135090,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135092,2775],{"class":65},[56,135094,1217],{"class":827},[56,135096,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135098,2735],{"class":1020},[56,135100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135102,156],{"class":76},[56,135104,133799],{"class":95},[56,135106,77],{"class":76},[56,135108,40370],{"class":72},[56,135110,77],{"class":76},[56,135112,3988],{"class":378},[56,135114,306],{"class":76},[56,135116,4426],{"class":95},[56,135118,1635],{"class":76},[56,135120,135121],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135122,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,135124,135125,135127,135129,135131],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,135126,373],{"class":72},[56,135128,77],{"class":76},[56,135130,2809],{"class":95},[56,135132,99],{"class":76},[20,135134,239],{},[47,135136,135138],{"className":49,"code":135137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135139,135140],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135141,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135143,529],{"class":80},[56,135145,306],{"class":76},[56,135147,414],{"class":80},[56,135149,306],{"class":76},[56,135151,1195],{"class":80},[20,135153,135154,135155,156],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[264,135156,13,135157,2430],{"href":42684},[15,135158,48188],{},[353,135160,135162,135164],{"id":135161},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135163,4319],{}," values do not work directly",[47,135166,135168],{"className":49,"code":135167,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135169,135170,135198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135171,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135173,4364],{"class":65},[56,135175,1217],{"class":827},[56,135177,1220],{"class":76},[56,135179,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135181,4619],{"class":1020},[56,135183,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135185,306],{"class":76},[56,135187,4394],{"class":4393},[56,135189,306],{"class":76},[56,135191,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135193,4628],{"class":1020},[56,135195,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135197,427],{"class":76},[56,135199,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135201,373],{"class":72},[56,135203,77],{"class":76},[56,135205,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135207,2735],{"class":1020},[56,135209,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135211,156],{"class":76},[56,135213,133799],{"class":95},[56,135215,77],{"class":76},[56,135217,5898],{"class":95},[56,135219,1635],{"class":76},[20,135221,135222,135223,156],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135224,3547],{},[20,135226,135227],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[47,135229,135231],{"className":49,"code":135230,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135232,135233,135261,135291,135295],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135234,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135236,4364],{"class":65},[56,135238,1217],{"class":827},[56,135240,1220],{"class":76},[56,135242,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135244,4619],{"class":1020},[56,135246,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135248,306],{"class":76},[56,135250,4394],{"class":4393},[56,135252,306],{"class":76},[56,135254,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135256,4628],{"class":1020},[56,135258,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135260,427],{"class":76},[56,135262,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135264,2775],{"class":65},[56,135266,1217],{"class":827},[56,135268,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135270,2735],{"class":1020},[56,135272,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135274,156],{"class":76},[56,135276,133799],{"class":95},[56,135278,77],{"class":76},[56,135280,40370],{"class":72},[56,135282,77],{"class":76},[56,135284,3988],{"class":378},[56,135286,306],{"class":76},[56,135288,4426],{"class":95},[56,135290,1635],{"class":76},[56,135292,135293],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135294,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,135296,135297,135299,135301,135303],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,135298,373],{"class":72},[56,135300,77],{"class":76},[56,135302,2809],{"class":95},[56,135304,99],{"class":76},[20,135306,239],{},[47,135308,135310],{"className":49,"code":135309,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135311,135312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135313,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135315,4619],{"class":65},[56,135317,306],{"class":76},[56,135319,4394],{"class":4393},[56,135321,306],{"class":76},[56,135323,135324],{"class":65}," banana\n",[20,135326,135327,135328,135330],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135329,4319],{}," values instead of converting them.",[353,135332,135334,135336],{"id":135333},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135335,133722],{}," also works with tuples",[47,135338,135340],{"className":49,"code":135339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135341,135342,135374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135343,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135345,5534],{"class":65},[56,135347,1217],{"class":827},[56,135349,9768],{"class":76},[56,135351,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135353,8210],{"class":1020},[56,135355,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135357,306],{"class":76},[56,135359,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135361,131728],{"class":1020},[56,135363,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135365,306],{"class":76},[56,135367,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135369,8454],{"class":1020},[56,135371,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135373,99],{"class":76},[56,135375,135376,135378,135380,135382,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135377,373],{"class":72},[56,135379,77],{"class":76},[56,135381,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135383,135384],{"class":1020}," \u002F ",[56,135386,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135388,156],{"class":76},[56,135390,133799],{"class":95},[56,135392,77],{"class":76},[56,135394,5578],{"class":95},[56,135396,1635],{"class":76},[20,135398,239],{},[47,135400,135402],{"className":49,"code":135401,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135403,135404],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135405,135406,135409,135411,135414,135416],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135407,135408],{"class":65},"Sam ",[56,135410,127532],{"class":827},[56,135412,135413],{"class":65}," Lee ",[56,135415,127532],{"class":827},[56,135417,22870],{"class":65},[42,135419,135421,135422],{"id":135420},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135423,133722],{},[20,135425,135426],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[353,135428,135430,135431,135433],{"id":135429},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135432,3547],{}," because not all items are strings",[47,135435,135437],{"className":49,"code":135436,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135438,135439,135467],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135440,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135442,1214],{"class":65},[56,135444,1217],{"class":827},[56,135446,1220],{"class":76},[56,135448,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135450,264],{"class":1020},[56,135452,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135454,306],{"class":76},[56,135456,414],{"class":80},[56,135458,306],{"class":76},[56,135460,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135462,1243],{"class":1020},[56,135464,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135466,427],{"class":76},[56,135468,135469,135471,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135470,373],{"class":72},[56,135472,77],{"class":76},[56,135474,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135476,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135478,156],{"class":76},[56,135480,133799],{"class":95},[56,135482,77],{"class":76},[56,135484,1271],{"class":95},[56,135486,1635],{"class":76},[20,135488,1931,135489,135491],{},[15,135490,463],{}," is an integer.",[20,135493,39772],{},[47,135495,135497],{"className":49,"code":135496,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135498,135499,135527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135500,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135502,1214],{"class":65},[56,135504,1217],{"class":827},[56,135506,1220],{"class":76},[56,135508,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135510,264],{"class":1020},[56,135512,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135514,306],{"class":76},[56,135516,414],{"class":80},[56,135518,306],{"class":76},[56,135520,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135522,1243],{"class":1020},[56,135524,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135526,427],{"class":76},[56,135528,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135530,373],{"class":72},[56,135532,77],{"class":76},[56,135534,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135536,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135538,156],{"class":76},[56,135540,133799],{"class":95},[56,135542,77],{"class":76},[56,135544,40370],{"class":72},[56,135546,77],{"class":76},[56,135548,3988],{"class":378},[56,135550,306],{"class":76},[56,135552,1287],{"class":95},[56,135554,390],{"class":76},[20,135556,135557,135558,156],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[264,135559,26212,135561],{"href":135560},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135562,135563],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[353,135565,135567,135568,135570],{"id":135566},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135569,133722],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135572,5066],{},[47,135574,135576],{"className":49,"code":135575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135577,135578,135610],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135579,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135581,4610],{"class":65},[56,135583,1217],{"class":827},[56,135585,1220],{"class":76},[56,135587,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135589,7829],{"class":1020},[56,135591,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135593,306],{"class":76},[56,135595,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135597,1176],{"class":1020},[56,135599,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135601,306],{"class":76},[56,135603,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135605,133780],{"class":1020},[56,135607,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135609,427],{"class":76},[56,135611,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135613,2775],{"class":65},[56,135615,1217],{"class":827},[56,135617,6703],{"class":65},[56,135619,156],{"class":76},[56,135621,133799],{"class":95},[56,135623,77],{"class":76},[56,135625,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135627,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135629,99],{"class":76},[20,135631,135632,135634],{},[15,135633,133722],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135636,1937],{},[47,135638,135640],{"className":49,"code":135639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135641,135642,135674,135694,135698],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135643,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135645,4610],{"class":65},[56,135647,1217],{"class":827},[56,135649,1220],{"class":76},[56,135651,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135653,7829],{"class":1020},[56,135655,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135657,306],{"class":76},[56,135659,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135661,1176],{"class":1020},[56,135663,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135665,306],{"class":76},[56,135667,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135669,133780],{"class":1020},[56,135671,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135673,427],{"class":76},[56,135675,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135677,2775],{"class":65},[56,135679,1217],{"class":827},[56,135681,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135683,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135685,156],{"class":76},[56,135687,133799],{"class":95},[56,135689,77],{"class":76},[56,135691,4654],{"class":95},[56,135693,99],{"class":76},[56,135695,135696],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135697,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,135699,135700,135702,135704,135706],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,135701,373],{"class":72},[56,135703,77],{"class":76},[56,135705,2809],{"class":95},[56,135707,99],{"class":76},[353,135709,135711],{"id":135710},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[47,135713,135715],{"className":49,"code":135714,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135716,135717,135749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135718,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743,135745,135747],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135720,4610],{"class":65},[56,135722,1217],{"class":827},[56,135724,1220],{"class":76},[56,135726,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135728,7116],{"class":1020},[56,135730,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135732,306],{"class":76},[56,135734,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135736,79760],{"class":1020},[56,135738,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135740,306],{"class":76},[56,135742,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135744,134526],{"class":1020},[56,135746,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135748,427],{"class":76},[56,135750,135751,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135752,373],{"class":72},[56,135754,77],{"class":76},[56,135756,6807],{"class":1016},[56,135758,156],{"class":76},[56,135760,133799],{"class":95},[56,135762,77],{"class":76},[56,135764,4654],{"class":95},[56,135766,1635],{"class":76},[20,135768,239],{},[47,135770,135772],{"className":49,"code":135771,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"onetwothree\n",[15,135773,135774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135775,135776],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135777,135771],{"class":65},[20,135779,135780,135781,7162],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135782,133867],{},[353,135784,135786,135787,131990],{"id":135785},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135788,133722],{},[47,135790,135792],{"className":49,"code":135791,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135793,135794,135826,135844,135848],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135795,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808,135810,135812,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135797,4610],{"class":65},[56,135799,1217],{"class":827},[56,135801,1220],{"class":76},[56,135803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135805,264],{"class":1020},[56,135807,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135809,306],{"class":76},[56,135811,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135813,1234],{"class":1020},[56,135815,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135817,306],{"class":76},[56,135819,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135821,1243],{"class":1020},[56,135823,1017],{"class":1016},[56,135825,427],{"class":76},[56,135827,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840,135842],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135829,1017],{"class":43835},[56,135831,2568],{"class":43839},[56,135833,1017],{"class":43835},[56,135835,156],{"class":76},[56,135837,133799],{"class":95},[56,135839,77],{"class":76},[56,135841,4654],{"class":95},[56,135843,99],{"class":76},[56,135845,135846],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135847,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,135849,135850,135852,135854,135856],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,135851,373],{"class":72},[56,135853,77],{"class":76},[56,135855,4654],{"class":95},[56,135857,99],{"class":76},[20,135859,239],{},[47,135861,135862],{"className":49,"code":43382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,135863,135864],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135865,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135867,402],{"class":76},[56,135869,3844],{"class":1016},[56,135871,264],{"class":1020},[56,135873,3844],{"class":1016},[56,135875,306],{"class":76},[56,135877,3839],{"class":1016},[56,135879,1234],{"class":1020},[56,135881,3844],{"class":1016},[56,135883,306],{"class":76},[56,135885,3839],{"class":1016},[56,135887,1243],{"class":1020},[56,135889,3844],{"class":1016},[56,135891,427],{"class":76},[20,135893,135894,135895,135897],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135896,133722],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[42,135899,135901,135903,135904],{"id":135900},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135902,133722],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135905,2605],{},[20,135907,11122,135908,4935,135910,135912],{},[15,135909,133722],{},[15,135911,2605],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[353,135914,2638,135916,135918],{"id":135915},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135917,2605],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[47,135920,135922],{"className":49,"code":135921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135923,135924,135937,135950,135970,135974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135925,135926,135929,135931,135933,135935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135927,135928],{"class":65},"first ",[56,135930,1217],{"class":827},[56,135932,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135934,1102],{"class":1020},[56,135936,3903],{"class":1016},[56,135938,135939,135942,135944,135946,135948],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,135940,135941],{"class":65},"second ",[56,135943,1217],{"class":827},[56,135945,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135947,90227],{"class":1020},[56,135949,3903],{"class":1016},[56,135951,135952,135954,135956,135959,135961,135963,135965,135967],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135953,2775],{"class":65},[56,135955,1217],{"class":827},[56,135957,135958],{"class":65}," first ",[56,135960,2605],{"class":827},[56,135962,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135964,1231],{"class":1016},[56,135966,2999],{"class":827},[56,135968,135969],{"class":65}," second\n",[56,135971,135972],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,135973,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,135975,135976,135978,135980,135982],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,135977,373],{"class":72},[56,135979,77],{"class":76},[56,135981,2809],{"class":95},[56,135983,99],{"class":76},[20,135985,239],{},[47,135987,135989],{"className":49,"code":135988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello World\n",[15,135990,135991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135992,135993],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135994,135988],{"class":65},[353,135996,2638,135998,136000],{"id":135997},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135999,133722],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[47,136002,136004],{"className":49,"code":136003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136005,136006,136048,136068,136072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136007,136008,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022,136024,136027,136029,136031,136033,136036,136038,136040,136042,136044,136046],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136009,4610],{"class":65},[56,136011,1217],{"class":827},[56,136013,1220],{"class":76},[56,136015,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136017,7829],{"class":1020},[56,136019,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136021,306],{"class":76},[56,136023,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136025,136026],{"class":1020},"makes",[56,136028,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136030,306],{"class":76},[56,136032,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136034,136035],{"class":1020},"this",[56,136037,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136039,306],{"class":76},[56,136041,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136043,134221],{"class":1020},[56,136045,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136047,427],{"class":76},[56,136049,136050,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062,136064,136066],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136051,2775],{"class":65},[56,136053,1217],{"class":827},[56,136055,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136057,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136059,156],{"class":76},[56,136061,133799],{"class":95},[56,136063,77],{"class":76},[56,136065,4654],{"class":95},[56,136067,99],{"class":76},[56,136069,136070],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136071,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,136073,136074,136076,136078,136080],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,136075,373],{"class":72},[56,136077,77],{"class":76},[56,136079,2809],{"class":95},[56,136081,99],{"class":76},[20,136083,239],{},[47,136085,136087],{"className":49,"code":136086,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136088,136089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136090,136091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136092,136086],{"class":65},[20,136094,136095,136097],{},[15,136096,133722],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[173,136099,136100,136103,136106],{},[176,136101,136102],{},"You already have a list of strings",[176,136104,136105],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[176,136107,136108,136109,136111],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136110,2605],{}," operators",[20,136113,136114,136115,156],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[264,136116,136118],{"href":136117},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[42,136120,136122],{"id":136121},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136124,2211,136125,136127],{},[15,136126,133722],{}," is not working, check these first:",[173,136129,136130,136133,136138,136147,136153],{},[176,136131,136132],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[176,136134,136135,136136],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136137,4319],{},[176,136139,136140,136141,11624,136144],{},"You may have written ",[15,136142,136143],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136145,136146],{},"string.join(...)",[176,136148,136149,136150,136152],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136151,133722],{}," to change the original iterable",[176,136154,136155],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136157,94665],{},[47,136159,136161],{"className":49,"code":136160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136162,136163,136177,136187,136211,136251],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136164,136165,136167,136169,136171,136173,136175],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136166,373],{"class":72},[56,136168,77],{"class":76},[56,136170,2312],{"class":378},[56,136172,77],{"class":76},[56,136174,1271],{"class":95},[56,136176,1635],{"class":76},[56,136178,136179,136181,136183,136185],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136180,373],{"class":72},[56,136182,77],{"class":76},[56,136184,1271],{"class":95},[56,136186,99],{"class":76},[56,136188,136189,136191,136193,136195,136197,136199,136201,136203,136205,136207,136209],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136190,373],{"class":72},[56,136192,3528],{"class":76},[56,136194,2312],{"class":378},[56,136196,77],{"class":76},[56,136198,1399],{"class":95},[56,136200,4202],{"class":76},[56,136202,4418],{"class":62},[56,136204,1383],{"class":95},[56,136206,69],{"class":62},[56,136208,1287],{"class":95},[56,136210,1294],{"class":76},[56,136212,136213,136215,136217,136219,136221,136223,136225,136227,136229,136231,136233,136235,136237,136239,136241,136243,136245,136247,136249],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,136214,373],{"class":72},[56,136216,77],{"class":76},[56,136218,3844],{"class":1016},[56,136220,3839],{"class":1016},[56,136222,156],{"class":76},[56,136224,133799],{"class":95},[56,136226,3528],{"class":76},[56,136228,3844],{"class":1016},[56,136230,264],{"class":1020},[56,136232,3844],{"class":1016},[56,136234,306],{"class":76},[56,136236,3839],{"class":1016},[56,136238,1234],{"class":1020},[56,136240,3844],{"class":1016},[56,136242,306],{"class":76},[56,136244,3839],{"class":1016},[56,136246,1243],{"class":1020},[56,136248,3844],{"class":1016},[56,136250,3541],{"class":76},[56,136252,136253,136255,136257,136259,136261,136263,136265,136267,136269,136271,136273,136275,136277,136279,136281,136283,136285,136287,136289],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,136254,373],{"class":72},[56,136256,77],{"class":76},[56,136258,3844],{"class":1016},[56,136260,2735],{"class":1020},[56,136262,3844],{"class":1016},[56,136264,156],{"class":76},[56,136266,133799],{"class":95},[56,136268,77],{"class":76},[56,136270,40370],{"class":72},[56,136272,77],{"class":76},[56,136274,3988],{"class":378},[56,136276,306],{"class":76},[56,136278,1220],{"class":76},[56,136280,529],{"class":80},[56,136282,306],{"class":76},[56,136284,414],{"class":80},[56,136286,306],{"class":76},[56,136288,419],{"class":80},[56,136290,37779],{"class":76},[20,136292,136293],{},"What these checks do:",[173,136295,136296,136304,136310,136316,136325],{},[176,136297,136298,136301,136302,8628],{},[15,136299,136300],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136303,1271],{},[176,136305,136306,136309],{},[15,136307,136308],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[176,136311,136312,136315],{},[15,136313,136314],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[176,136317,136318,136321,136322,136324],{},[15,136319,136320],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136323,133722],{}," behavior",[176,136326,136327,136330],{},[15,136328,136329],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[42,136332,2343],{"id":2342},[353,136334,2347,136336,136338],{"id":136335},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136337,133722],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136340,136341,136342,136344,136345,156],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136343,133722],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136346,136347],{},"map(str, values)",[353,136349,2347,136351,57663],{"id":136350},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136352,133722],{},[20,136354,136355],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[353,136357,28859,136359,63133],{"id":136358},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136360,133722],{},[20,136362,42661,136363,136365],{},[15,136364,133722],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[353,136367,5682,136369,40471],{"id":136368},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136370,136371],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136373,136374],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[353,136376,136378,136379,136381,136382,2363],{"id":136377},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136380,3547],{}," when using ",[15,136383,133722],{},[20,136385,136386],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[42,136388,2417],{"id":2416},[173,136390,136391,136396,136402,136408,136414],{},[176,136392,136393],{},[264,136394,136395],{"href":136117},"How to join strings in Python",[176,136397,136398],{},[264,136399,126640,136400,11273],{"href":129327},[15,136401,61030],{},[176,136403,136404],{},[264,136405,13,136406,2430],{"href":42684},[15,136407,48188],{},[176,136409,136410],{},[264,136411,30877,136412],{"href":135560},[15,136413,135563],{},[176,136415,136416],{},[264,136417,125395],{"href":51476},[20,136419,97635,136420,136422],{},[15,136421,133722],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2451,136424,136425],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":136427},[136428,136429,136431,136434,136441,136451,136459,136469,136476,136477,136489],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":133839,"depth":87,"text":136430},"What join() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":136432},[136433],{"id":49512,"depth":102,"text":49513},{"id":122170,"depth":87,"text":122171,"children":136435},[136436,136437,136438,136439],{"id":134186,"depth":102,"text":134187},{"id":134278,"depth":102,"text":134279},{"id":134379,"depth":102,"text":134380},{"id":134488,"depth":102,"text":136440},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134591,"depth":87,"text":134592,"children":136442},[136443,136445,136447,136449],{"id":134598,"depth":102,"text":136444},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134665,"depth":102,"text":136446},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134754,"depth":102,"text":136448},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134840,"depth":102,"text":136450},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134915,"depth":87,"text":134916,"children":136452},[136453,136454,136455,136457],{"id":134924,"depth":102,"text":134925},{"id":135007,"depth":102,"text":135008},{"id":135161,"depth":102,"text":136456},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135333,"depth":102,"text":136458},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135420,"depth":87,"text":136460,"children":136461},"Common errors with join()",[136462,136464,136466,136467],{"id":135429,"depth":102,"text":136463},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135566,"depth":102,"text":136465},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135710,"depth":102,"text":135711},{"id":135785,"depth":102,"text":136468},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135900,"depth":87,"text":136470,"children":136471},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136472,136474],{"id":135915,"depth":102,"text":136473},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135997,"depth":102,"text":136475},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136121,"depth":87,"text":136122},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":136478},[136479,136481,136483,136485,136487],{"id":136335,"depth":102,"text":136480},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136350,"depth":102,"text":136482},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136358,"depth":102,"text":136484},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136368,"depth":102,"text":136486},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136377,"depth":102,"text":136488},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133714,"description":136490},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136497,"title":136498,"body":136499,"description":138067,"extension":2509,"meta":138068,"navigation":105,"path":138069,"seo":138070,"stem":138071,"__hash__":138072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136500,"toc":138034},[136501,136506,136511,136513,136527,136572,136579,136584,136589,136591,136607,136616,136618,136620,136635,136637,136647,136649,136711,136713,136716,136777,136779,136795,136797,136810,136813,136860,136862,136868,136871,136874,136934,136942,137028,137032,137037,137039,137053,137056,137141,137144,137202,137213,137268,137270,137277,137283,137289,137333,137336,137383,137385,137387,137394,137396,137427,137430,137432,137463,137467,137470,137472,137512,137514,137557,137563,137568,137570,137597,137602,137605,137654,137658,137661,137736,137747,137750,137807,137814,137820,137828,137833,137840,137847,137865,137867,137921,137929,137931,137936,137939,137945,137951,137956,137959,137965,137971,137978,137986,137988,138031],[10,136502,123640,136504,11854],{"id":136503},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136505,124370],{},[20,136507,123645,136508,136510],{},[15,136509,124370],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136512,24622],{},[173,136514,136515,136518,136521,136524],{},[176,136516,136517],{},"convert text to lowercase",[176,136519,136520],{},"compare text without case differences",[176,136522,136523],{},"clean up user input",[176,136525,136526],{},"make simple text matching easier",[47,136528,136530],{"className":49,"code":136529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136531,136532,136545,136559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136533,136534,136536,136538,136540,136543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136535,35217],{"class":65},[56,136537,1217],{"class":827},[56,136539,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136541,136542],{"class":1020},"Hello WORLD",[56,136544,3903],{"class":1016},[56,136546,136547,136549,136551,136553,136555,136557],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136548,2775],{"class":65},[56,136550,1217],{"class":827},[56,136552,43348],{"class":65},[56,136554,156],{"class":76},[56,136556,9171],{"class":95},[56,136558,9174],{"class":76},[56,136560,136561,136563,136565,136567,136569],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136562,373],{"class":72},[56,136564,77],{"class":76},[56,136566,2809],{"class":95},[56,136568,4202],{"class":76},[56,136570,136571],{"class":112},"  # hello world\n",[20,136573,136574,89450,136576,136578],{},[37,136575,84308],{},[15,136577,124370],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[42,136580,160,136582,163],{"id":136581},"what-lower-does",[15,136583,124370],{},[20,136585,136586,136588],{},[15,136587,124370],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136590,171],{},[173,136592,136593,136598,136601,136604],{},[176,136594,136595,136597],{},[15,136596,124370],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[176,136599,136600],{},"It works on string objects",[176,136602,136603],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[176,136605,136606],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136608,125392,136609,136613,136614,156],{},[264,136610,136612],{"href":136611},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[264,136615,51477],{"href":51476},[42,136617,2702],{"id":2701},[20,136619,2705],{},[47,136621,136623],{"className":49,"code":136622,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.lower()\n",[15,136624,136625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136626,136627,136629,136631,136633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136628,61673],{"class":65},[56,136630,156],{"class":76},[56,136632,9171],{"class":95},[56,136634,9174],{"class":76},[20,136636,44157],{},[173,136638,136639,136641,136644],{},[176,136640,97813],{},[176,136642,136643],{},"You call it directly on a string",[176,136645,136646],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136648,986],{},[47,136650,136652],{"className":49,"code":136651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136653,136654,136677,136681,136694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136655,136656,136658,136660,136662,136665,136667,136669,136671,136674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136657,373],{"class":72},[56,136659,77],{"class":76},[56,136661,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136663,136664],{"class":1020},"HELLO",[56,136666,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136668,156],{"class":76},[56,136670,9171],{"class":95},[56,136672,136673],{"class":76},"())",[56,136675,136676],{"class":112},"  # hello\n",[56,136678,136679],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136680,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,136682,136683,136685,136687,136689,136692],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136684,8409],{"class":65},[56,136686,1217],{"class":827},[56,136688,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136690,136691],{"class":1020},"PyThOn",[56,136693,3903],{"class":1016},[56,136695,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,136697,373],{"class":72},[56,136699,77],{"class":76},[56,136701,8201],{"class":95},[56,136703,156],{"class":76},[56,136705,9171],{"class":95},[56,136707,136673],{"class":76},[56,136709,136710],{"class":112},"  # python\n",[42,136712,12008],{"id":12007},[20,136714,136715],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[47,136717,136719],{"className":49,"code":136718,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136720,136721,136733,136737,136752,136756,136767],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136722,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136724,35217],{"class":65},[56,136726,1217],{"class":827},[56,136728,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136730,136542],{"class":1020},[56,136732,3903],{"class":1016},[56,136734,136735],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136736,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,136738,136739,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136740,136741],{"class":65},"lower_text ",[56,136743,1217],{"class":827},[56,136745,43348],{"class":65},[56,136747,156],{"class":76},[56,136749,9171],{"class":95},[56,136751,9174],{"class":76},[56,136753,136754],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,136755,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,136757,136758,136760,136762,136765],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,136759,373],{"class":72},[56,136761,77],{"class":76},[56,136763,136764],{"class":95},"lower_text",[56,136766,99],{"class":76},[56,136768,136769,136771,136773,136775],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,136770,373],{"class":72},[56,136772,77],{"class":76},[56,136774,35238],{"class":95},[56,136776,99],{"class":76},[20,136778,239],{},[47,136780,136782],{"className":49,"code":136781,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136783,136784,136788],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136785,136786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136787,134656],{"class":65},[56,136789,136790,136792],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136791,132056],{"class":65},[56,136793,136794],{"class":34982},"WORLD\n",[20,136796,25142],{},[173,136798,136799,136804],{},[176,136800,136801,136803],{},[15,136802,124370],{}," returns the lowercase result",[176,136805,136806,136807,136809],{},"the original ",[15,136808,35238],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136811,136812],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[47,136814,136816],{"className":49,"code":136815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136817,136818,136830,136844,136848],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136819,136820,136822,136824,136826,136828],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136821,35217],{"class":65},[56,136823,1217],{"class":827},[56,136825,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136827,136542],{"class":1020},[56,136829,3903],{"class":1016},[56,136831,136832,136834,136836,136838,136840,136842],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136833,35217],{"class":65},[56,136835,1217],{"class":827},[56,136837,43348],{"class":65},[56,136839,156],{"class":76},[56,136841,9171],{"class":95},[56,136843,9174],{"class":76},[56,136845,136846],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136847,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,136849,136850,136852,136854,136856,136858],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,136851,373],{"class":72},[56,136853,77],{"class":76},[56,136855,35238],{"class":95},[56,136857,4202],{"class":76},[56,136859,136571],{"class":112},[42,136861,17954],{"id":17953},[20,136863,136864,22511,136866,156],{},[15,136865,124370],{},[37,136867,61673],{},[20,136869,136870],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136872,136873],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[47,136875,136877],{"className":49,"code":136876,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136878,136879,136893,136897,136920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136880,136881,136884,136886,136888,136891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136882,136883],{"class":65},"answer ",[56,136885,1217],{"class":827},[56,136887,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136889,136890],{"class":1020},"YES",[56,136892,3903],{"class":1016},[56,136894,136895],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136896,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,136898,136899,136901,136904,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916,136918],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136900,7529],{"class":62},[56,136902,136903],{"class":65}," answer",[56,136905,156],{"class":76},[56,136907,9171],{"class":95},[56,136909,7898],{"class":76},[56,136911,6941],{"class":827},[56,136913,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136915,9189],{"class":1020},[56,136917,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136919,1390],{"class":76},[56,136921,136922,136924,136926,136928,136930,136932],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,136923,90],{"class":72},[56,136925,77],{"class":76},[56,136927,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136929,97122],{"class":1020},[56,136931,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136933,99],{"class":76},[20,136935,136936,136937,1045],{},"This is especially useful with ",[264,136938,136939,136940,2848],{"href":8751},"the ",[15,136941,1871],{},[47,136943,136945],{"className":49,"code":136944,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136946,136947,136966,136970,136992,137007,137013],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136948,136949,136951,136953,136955,136957,136959,136962,136964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136950,136883],{"class":65},[56,136952,1217],{"class":827},[56,136954,1886],{"class":72},[56,136956,77],{"class":76},[56,136958,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136960,136961],{"class":1020},"Type yes or no: ",[56,136963,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136965,99],{"class":76},[56,136967,136968],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,136969,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988,136990],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136973,7529],{"class":62},[56,136975,136903],{"class":65},[56,136977,156],{"class":76},[56,136979,9171],{"class":95},[56,136981,7898],{"class":76},[56,136983,6941],{"class":827},[56,136985,1231],{"class":1016},[56,136987,9189],{"class":1020},[56,136989,1017],{"class":1016},[56,136991,1390],{"class":76},[56,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137003,137005],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,136995,90],{"class":72},[56,136997,77],{"class":76},[56,136999,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137001,137002],{"class":1020},"You typed yes",[56,137004,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137006,99],{"class":76},[56,137008,137009,137011],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,137010,27964],{"class":62},[56,137012,1390],{"class":76},[56,137014,137015,137017,137019,137021,137024,137026],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,137016,90],{"class":72},[56,137018,77],{"class":76},[56,137020,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137022,137023],{"class":1020},"You typed something else",[56,137025,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137027,99],{"class":76},[42,137029,137031],{"id":137030},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137033,137034,137036],{},[15,137035,124370],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137038,7875],{},[173,137040,137041,137044,137047,137050],{},[176,137042,137043],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[176,137045,137046],{},"Make text matching easier",[176,137048,137049],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[176,137051,137052],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137054,137055],{},"Example: checking user input",[47,137057,137059],{"className":49,"code":137058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137060,137061,137079,137083,137105,137120,137126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137062,137063,137065,137067,137069,137071,137073,137075,137077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137064,45466],{"class":65},[56,137066,1217],{"class":827},[56,137068,1886],{"class":72},[56,137070,77],{"class":76},[56,137072,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137074,45477],{"class":1020},[56,137076,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137078,99],{"class":76},[56,137080,137081],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137082,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137084,137085,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101,137103],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137086,7529],{"class":62},[56,137088,36377],{"class":65},[56,137090,156],{"class":76},[56,137092,9171],{"class":95},[56,137094,7898],{"class":76},[56,137096,6941],{"class":827},[56,137098,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137100,13643],{"class":1020},[56,137102,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137104,1390],{"class":76},[56,137106,137107,137109,137111,137113,137116,137118],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137108,90],{"class":72},[56,137110,77],{"class":76},[56,137112,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137114,137115],{"class":1020},"Nice choice!",[56,137117,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137119,99],{"class":76},[56,137121,137122,137124],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,137123,27964],{"class":62},[56,137125,1390],{"class":76},[56,137127,137128,137130,137132,137134,137137,137139],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,137129,90],{"class":72},[56,137131,77],{"class":76},[56,137133,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137135,137136],{"class":1020},"Got it.",[56,137138,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137140,99],{"class":76},[20,137142,137143],{},"Example: simple search",[47,137145,137147],{"className":49,"code":137146,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137148,137149,137162,137166,137187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137150,137151,137153,137155,137157,137160],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137152,90494],{"class":65},[56,137154,1217],{"class":827},[56,137156,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137158,137159],{"class":1020},"Python Is Fun",[56,137161,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137163,137164],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137165,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137167,137168,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178,137181,137183,137185],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137169,7529],{"class":62},[56,137171,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137173,51],{"class":1020},[56,137175,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137177,21709],{"class":827},[56,137179,137180],{"class":65}," message",[56,137182,156],{"class":76},[56,137184,9171],{"class":95},[56,137186,22131],{"class":76},[56,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137198,137200],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137190,90],{"class":72},[56,137192,77],{"class":76},[56,137194,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137196,137197],{"class":1020},"Found it",[56,137199,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137201,99],{"class":76},[20,137203,137204,137205,137207,137208,1045],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137206,124370],{}," is often used with ",[264,137209,137211],{"href":137210},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137212,42164],{},[47,137214,137216],{"className":49,"code":137215,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137217,137218,137231,137250,137254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137219,137220,137222,137224,137226,137229],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137221,8409],{"class":65},[56,137223,1217],{"class":827},[56,137225,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137227,137228],{"class":1020},"  ALICE  ",[56,137230,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137232,137233,137236,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246,137248],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137234,137235],{"class":65},"clean_name ",[56,137237,1217],{"class":827},[56,137239,36518],{"class":65},[56,137241,156],{"class":76},[56,137243,9165],{"class":95},[56,137245,9168],{"class":76},[56,137247,9171],{"class":95},[56,137249,9174],{"class":76},[56,137251,137252],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137253,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137255,137256,137258,137260,137263,137265],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137257,373],{"class":72},[56,137259,77],{"class":76},[56,137261,137262],{"class":95},"clean_name",[56,137264,4202],{"class":76},[56,137266,137267],{"class":112},"  # alice\n",[42,137269,16131],{"id":16130},[20,137271,137272,137273,137276],{},"Strings are ",[37,137274,137275],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137278,137279,137280,137282],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137281,124370],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137284,137285,137286,137288],{},"So this does ",[37,137287,5170],{}," update the original variable:",[47,137290,137292],{"className":49,"code":137291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137293,137294,137306,137316,137320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137295,137296,137298,137300,137302,137304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137297,35217],{"class":65},[56,137299,1217],{"class":827},[56,137301,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137303,136664],{"class":1020},[56,137305,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137307,137308,137310,137312,137314],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137309,35238],{"class":65},[56,137311,156],{"class":76},[56,137313,9171],{"class":95},[56,137315,9174],{"class":76},[56,137317,137318],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137319,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137321,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137323,373],{"class":72},[56,137325,77],{"class":76},[56,137327,35238],{"class":95},[56,137329,4202],{"class":76},[56,137331,137332],{"class":112},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137334,137335],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[47,137337,137339],{"className":49,"code":137338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137340,137341,137353,137367,137371],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137342,137343,137345,137347,137349,137351],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137344,35217],{"class":65},[56,137346,1217],{"class":827},[56,137348,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137350,136664],{"class":1020},[56,137352,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137354,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363,137365],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137356,35217],{"class":65},[56,137358,1217],{"class":827},[56,137360,43348],{"class":65},[56,137362,156],{"class":76},[56,137364,9171],{"class":95},[56,137366,9174],{"class":76},[56,137368,137369],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137370,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137372,137373,137375,137377,137379,137381],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137374,373],{"class":72},[56,137376,77],{"class":76},[56,137378,35238],{"class":95},[56,137380,4202],{"class":76},[56,137382,136676],{"class":112},[42,137384,3374],{"id":3373},[353,137386,26220],{"id":26219},[20,137388,137389,137390,11624,137392,156],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137391,9171],{},[15,137393,124370],{},[20,137395,17179],{},[47,137397,137399],{"className":49,"code":137398,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137400,137401,137413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137402,137403,137405,137407,137409,137411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137404,35217],{"class":65},[56,137406,1217],{"class":827},[56,137408,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137410,136664],{"class":1020},[56,137412,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137414,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137416,373],{"class":72},[56,137418,77],{"class":76},[56,137420,35238],{"class":95},[56,137422,156],{"class":76},[56,137424,9171],{"class":25284},[56,137426,99],{"class":76},[20,137428,137429],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137431,17191],{},[47,137433,137435],{"className":49,"code":137434,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137436,137437,137449],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137438,137439,137441,137443,137445,137447],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137440,35217],{"class":65},[56,137442,1217],{"class":827},[56,137444,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137446,136664],{"class":1020},[56,137448,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137450,137451,137453,137455,137457,137459,137461],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137452,373],{"class":72},[56,137454,77],{"class":76},[56,137456,35238],{"class":95},[56,137458,156],{"class":76},[56,137460,9171],{"class":95},[56,137462,7726],{"class":76},[353,137464,137466],{"id":137465},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137468,137469],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137471,17179],{},[47,137473,137475],{"className":49,"code":137474,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137476,137477,137489,137499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137478,137479,137481,137483,137485,137487],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137480,35217],{"class":65},[56,137482,1217],{"class":827},[56,137484,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137486,136664],{"class":1020},[56,137488,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137490,137491,137493,137495,137497],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137492,35238],{"class":65},[56,137494,156],{"class":76},[56,137496,9171],{"class":95},[56,137498,9174],{"class":76},[56,137500,137501,137503,137505,137507,137509],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137502,373],{"class":72},[56,137504,77],{"class":76},[56,137506,35238],{"class":95},[56,137508,4202],{"class":76},[56,137510,137511],{"class":112},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137513,17191],{},[47,137515,137517],{"className":49,"code":137516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137518,137519,137531,137545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137520,137521,137523,137525,137527,137529],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137522,35217],{"class":65},[56,137524,1217],{"class":827},[56,137526,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137528,136664],{"class":1020},[56,137530,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137532,137533,137535,137537,137539,137541,137543],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137534,35217],{"class":65},[56,137536,1217],{"class":827},[56,137538,43348],{"class":65},[56,137540,156],{"class":76},[56,137542,9171],{"class":95},[56,137544,9174],{"class":76},[56,137546,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137548,373],{"class":72},[56,137550,77],{"class":76},[56,137552,35238],{"class":95},[56,137554,4202],{"class":76},[56,137556,136676],{"class":112},[353,137558,958,137560,137562],{"id":137559},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137561,124370],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137564,137565,137567],{},[15,137566,124370],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137569,17179],{},[47,137571,137573],{"className":49,"code":137572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137574,137575,137583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137576,137577,137579,137581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137578,2763],{"class":65},[56,137580,1217],{"class":827},[56,137582,125322],{"class":80},[56,137584,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137586,373],{"class":72},[56,137588,77],{"class":76},[56,137590,234],{"class":95},[56,137592,156],{"class":76},[56,137594,9171],{"class":95},[56,137596,7726],{"class":76},[20,137598,137599,137600,34129],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137601,124370],{},[20,137603,137604],{},"You can check the type first:",[47,137606,137608],{"className":49,"code":137607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137609,137610,137622,137626,137640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137611,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137613,35217],{"class":65},[56,137615,1217],{"class":827},[56,137617,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137619,136664],{"class":1020},[56,137621,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137623,137624],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137625,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137627,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636,137638],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137629,373],{"class":72},[56,137631,77],{"class":76},[56,137633,2312],{"class":378},[56,137635,77],{"class":76},[56,137637,35238],{"class":95},[56,137639,1635],{"class":76},[56,137641,137642,137644,137646,137648,137650,137652],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137643,373],{"class":72},[56,137645,77],{"class":76},[56,137647,35238],{"class":95},[56,137649,156],{"class":76},[56,137651,9171],{"class":95},[56,137653,7726],{"class":76},[353,137655,137657],{"id":137656},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137659,137660],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[47,137662,137664],{"className":49,"code":137663,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137665,137666,137679,137683,137700,137715,137721],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137667,137668,137670,137672,137674,137677],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137669,136883],{"class":65},[56,137671,1217],{"class":827},[56,137673,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137675,137676],{"class":1020},"Yes",[56,137678,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137680,137681],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137682,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137684,137685,137687,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137686,7529],{"class":62},[56,137688,137689],{"class":65}," answer ",[56,137691,5228],{"class":827},[56,137693,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137695,9189],{"class":1020},[56,137697,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137699,1390],{"class":76},[56,137701,137702,137704,137706,137708,137711,137713],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137703,90],{"class":72},[56,137705,77],{"class":76},[56,137707,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137709,137710],{"class":1020},"Match",[56,137712,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137714,99],{"class":76},[56,137716,137717,137719],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,137718,27964],{"class":62},[56,137720,1390],{"class":76},[56,137722,137723,137725,137727,137729,137732,137734],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,137724,90],{"class":72},[56,137726,77],{"class":76},[56,137728,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137730,137731],{"class":1020},"No match",[56,137733,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137735,99],{"class":76},[20,137737,29592,137738,4935,137741,137744,137745,156],{},[15,137739,137740],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137742,137743],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137746,137731],{},[20,137748,137749],{},"Better:",[47,137751,137753],{"className":49,"code":137752,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137754,137755,137767,137771,137793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137756,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137758,136883],{"class":65},[56,137760,1217],{"class":827},[56,137762,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137764,137676],{"class":1020},[56,137766,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137768,137769],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137770,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137772,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783,137785,137787,137789,137791],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137774,7529],{"class":62},[56,137776,136903],{"class":65},[56,137778,156],{"class":76},[56,137780,9171],{"class":95},[56,137782,7898],{"class":76},[56,137784,6941],{"class":827},[56,137786,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137788,9189],{"class":1020},[56,137790,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137792,1390],{"class":76},[56,137794,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137796,90],{"class":72},[56,137798,77],{"class":76},[56,137800,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137802,137710],{"class":1020},[56,137804,1017],{"class":1016},[56,137806,99],{"class":76},[353,137808,44720,137810,137813],{"id":137809},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137811,137812],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137815,137816,137817,137819],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137818,124370],{}," is enough.",[20,137821,137822,137823,137825,137826,156],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137824,137812],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137827,124370],{},[20,137829,137830,137831,122882],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137832,124370],{},[42,137834,137836,1682,137838],{"id":137835},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137837,124370],{},[15,137839,128518],{},[20,137841,137842,4935,137844,137846],{},[15,137843,124370],{},[15,137845,128518],{}," are very similar.",[173,137848,137849,137854,137859,137862],{},[176,137850,137851,137853],{},[15,137852,124370],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[176,137855,137856,137858],{},[15,137857,128518],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[176,137860,137861],{},"Both return new strings",[176,137863,137864],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137866,986],{},[47,137868,137870],{"className":49,"code":137869,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137871,137872,137884,137888,137904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137873,137874,137876,137878,137880,137882],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137875,35217],{"class":65},[56,137877,1217],{"class":827},[56,137879,1231],{"class":1016},[56,137881,129359],{"class":1020},[56,137883,3903],{"class":1016},[56,137885,137886],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,137887,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,137889,137890,137892,137894,137896,137898,137900,137902],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137891,373],{"class":72},[56,137893,77],{"class":76},[56,137895,35238],{"class":95},[56,137897,156],{"class":76},[56,137899,9171],{"class":95},[56,137901,136673],{"class":76},[56,137903,136571],{"class":112},[56,137905,137906,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916,137918],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,137907,373],{"class":72},[56,137909,77],{"class":76},[56,137911,35238],{"class":95},[56,137913,156],{"class":76},[56,137915,35007],{"class":95},[56,137917,136673],{"class":76},[56,137919,137920],{"class":112},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137922,137923,137924,156],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[264,137925,126640,137927,11273],{"href":137926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137928,128518],{},[42,137930,2343],{"id":2342},[353,137932,2347,137934,124967],{"id":137933},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137935,124370],{},[20,137937,137938],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[353,137940,2347,137942,137944],{"id":137941},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137943,124370],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137946,137947,137948,156],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137949,137950],{},"string.lower()",[353,137952,5682,137954,13249],{"id":137953},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137955,124370],{},[20,137957,137958],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[353,137960,28859,137962,137964],{"id":137961},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137963,124370],{}," on user input?",[20,137966,137967,137968,137970],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137969,1871],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[353,137972,5718,137974,4935,137976,2363],{"id":137973},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137975,124370],{},[15,137977,137812],{},[20,137979,137980,137982,137983,137985],{},[15,137981,124370],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137984,137812],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[42,137987,2417],{"id":2416},[173,137989,137990,137994,138000,138006,138012,138016,138020,138026],{},[176,137991,137992],{},[264,137993,51477],{"href":51476},[176,137995,137996],{},[264,137997,126640,137998,11273],{"href":137926},[15,137999,128518],{},[176,138001,138002],{},[264,138003,126640,138004,11273],{"href":137210},[15,138005,42164],{},[176,138007,138008],{},[264,138009,126640,138010,11273],{"href":130221},[15,138011,124811],{},[176,138013,138014],{},[264,138015,125039],{"href":123895},[176,138017,138018],{},[264,138019,91169],{"href":90179},[176,138021,138022],{},[264,138023,13,138024,2430],{"href":8751},[15,138025,1871],{},[176,138027,138028],{},[264,138029,138030],{"href":136611},"What is a string in Python?",[2451,138032,138033],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":138035},[138036,138038,138039,138040,138041,138042,138043,138052,138054,138066],{"id":136581,"depth":87,"text":138037},"What lower() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":137030,"depth":87,"text":137031},{"id":16130,"depth":87,"text":16131},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":138044},[138045,138046,138047,138049,138050],{"id":26219,"depth":102,"text":26220},{"id":137465,"depth":102,"text":137466},{"id":137559,"depth":102,"text":138048},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137656,"depth":102,"text":137657},{"id":137809,"depth":102,"text":138051},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137835,"depth":87,"text":138053},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":138055},[138056,138058,138060,138062,138064],{"id":137933,"depth":102,"text":138057},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137941,"depth":102,"text":138059},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137953,"depth":102,"text":138061},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137961,"depth":102,"text":138063},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137973,"depth":102,"text":138065},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136498,"description":138067},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138074,"title":138075,"body":138076,"description":139626,"extension":2509,"meta":139627,"navigation":105,"path":139628,"seo":139629,"stem":139630,"__hash__":139631},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138077,"toc":139587},[138078,138083,138088,138094,138109,138111,138171,138173,138182,138188,138193,138198,138200,138214,138218,138220,138267,138269,138287,138289,138292,138363,138365,138379,138382,138394,138403,138407,138412,138417,138421,138487,138489,138498,138502,138567,138569,138578,138581,138586,138590,138595,138599,138660,138662,138671,138675,138678,138734,138736,138745,138748,138761,138763,138767,138774,138836,138838,138851,138857,138860,138867,138872,138877,138880,138888,138890,138951,138953,138962,138965,139012,139015,139062,139064,139069,139086,139093,139098,139151,139153,139161,139163,139220,139222,139230,139234,139281,139283,139291,139299,139303,139351,139353,139362,139367,139418,139420,139429,139436,139439,139460,139462,139467,139470,139474,139477,139481,139484,139511,139517,139520,139547,139552,139554,139556,139584],[10,138079,123640,138081,11854],{"id":138080},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138082,124811],{},[20,138084,123645,138085,138087],{},[15,138086,124811],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138089,138090,138091,138093],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138092,124811],{},". You will learn:",[173,138095,138096,138100,138103,138106],{},[176,138097,26551,138098,163],{},[15,138099,124811],{},[176,138101,138102],{},"how its syntax works",[176,138104,138105],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[176,138107,138108],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[42,138110,45],{"id":44},[47,138112,138114],{"className":49,"code":138113,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138115,138116,138129,138161],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138117,138118,138120,138122,138124,138127],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138119,35217],{"class":65},[56,138121,1217],{"class":827},[56,138123,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138125,138126],{"class":1020},"I like cats",[56,138128,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138130,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138148,138150,138152,138154,138157,138159],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138132,130479],{"class":65},[56,138134,1217],{"class":827},[56,138136,43348],{"class":65},[56,138138,156],{"class":76},[56,138140,35528],{"class":95},[56,138142,77],{"class":76},[56,138144,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138146,138147],{"class":1020},"cats",[56,138149,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138151,306],{"class":76},[56,138153,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138155,138156],{"class":1020},"dogs",[56,138158,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138160,99],{"class":76},[56,138162,138163,138165,138167,138169],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138164,373],{"class":72},[56,138166,77],{"class":76},[56,138168,130510],{"class":95},[56,138170,99],{"class":76},[20,138172,239],{},[47,138174,138176],{"className":49,"code":138175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like dogs\n",[15,138177,138178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138179,138180],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138181,138175],{"class":65},[20,138183,2638,138184,138187],{},[15,138185,138186],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[42,138189,160,138191,163],{"id":138190},"what-replace-does",[15,138192,124811],{},[20,138194,138195,138197],{},[15,138196,124811],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138199,171],{},[173,138201,138202,138204,138206,138209],{},[176,138203,133888],{},[176,138205,136606],{},[176,138207,138208],{},"It works on exact matches",[176,138210,138211,138212],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138213,41770],{},[20,138215,125392,138216,156],{},[264,138217,125395],{"href":51476},[42,138219,5971],{"id":5970},[47,138221,138223],{"className":49,"code":138222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138224,138225,138245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138226,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138238,138240,138243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138228,61673],{"class":65},[56,138230,156],{"class":76},[56,138232,35528],{"class":95},[56,138234,77],{"class":76},[56,138236,138237],{"class":95},"old",[56,138239,306],{"class":76},[56,138241,138242],{"class":95}," new",[56,138244,99],{"class":76},[56,138246,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138248,61673],{"class":65},[56,138250,156],{"class":76},[56,138252,35528],{"class":95},[56,138254,77],{"class":76},[56,138256,138237],{"class":95},[56,138258,306],{"class":76},[56,138260,138242],{"class":95},[56,138262,306],{"class":76},[56,138264,50105],{"class":95},[56,138266,99],{"class":76},[353,138268,17930],{"id":17929},[173,138270,138271,138276,138282],{},[176,138272,138273,138275],{},[15,138274,138237],{}," = the text to find",[176,138277,138278,138281],{},[15,138279,138280],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[176,138283,138284,138286],{},[15,138285,41770],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[42,138288,6326],{"id":6325},[20,138290,138291],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[47,138293,138295],{"className":49,"code":138294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138296,138297,138309,138339,138343,138353],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138298,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138300,35217],{"class":65},[56,138302,1217],{"class":827},[56,138304,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138306,138126],{"class":1020},[56,138308,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138310,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138312,130479],{"class":65},[56,138314,1217],{"class":827},[56,138316,43348],{"class":65},[56,138318,156],{"class":76},[56,138320,35528],{"class":95},[56,138322,77],{"class":76},[56,138324,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138326,138147],{"class":1020},[56,138328,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138330,306],{"class":76},[56,138332,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138334,138156],{"class":1020},[56,138336,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138338,99],{"class":76},[56,138340,138341],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138342,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,138344,138345,138347,138349,138351],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,138346,373],{"class":72},[56,138348,77],{"class":76},[56,138350,35238],{"class":95},[56,138352,99],{"class":76},[56,138354,138355,138357,138359,138361],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,138356,373],{"class":72},[56,138358,77],{"class":76},[56,138360,130510],{"class":95},[56,138362,99],{"class":76},[20,138364,239],{},[47,138366,138368],{"className":49,"code":138367,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138369,138370,138375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138371,138372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138373,138374],{"class":65},"I like cats\n",[56,138376,138377],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138378,138175],{"class":65},[20,138380,138381],{},"Notice what happened:",[173,138383,138384,138389],{},[176,138385,138386,138388],{},[15,138387,35238],{}," did not change",[176,138390,138391,138393],{},[15,138392,130510],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138395,138396,138397,138399,138400,138402],{},"This happens because strings are ",[37,138398,137275],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138401,124811],{}," return a new string instead.",[42,138404,138406],{"id":138405},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138408,90188,138409,138411],{},[15,138410,124811],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138413,138414,138415,37135],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138416,41770],{},[353,138418,138420],{"id":138419},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[47,138422,138424],{"className":49,"code":138423,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138425,138426,138439,138473,138477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138427,138428,138430,138432,138434,138437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138429,35217],{"class":65},[56,138431,1217],{"class":827},[56,138433,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138435,138436],{"class":1020},"cat cat cat",[56,138438,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138440,138441,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469,138471],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138442,2775],{"class":65},[56,138444,1217],{"class":827},[56,138446,43348],{"class":65},[56,138448,156],{"class":76},[56,138450,35528],{"class":95},[56,138452,77],{"class":76},[56,138454,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138456,37561],{"class":1020},[56,138458,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138460,306],{"class":76},[56,138462,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138464,58627],{"class":1020},[56,138466,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138468,306],{"class":76},[56,138470,409],{"class":80},[56,138472,99],{"class":76},[56,138474,138475],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138476,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,138478,138479,138481,138483,138485],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,138480,373],{"class":72},[56,138482,77],{"class":76},[56,138484,2809],{"class":95},[56,138486,99],{"class":76},[20,138488,239],{},[47,138490,138492],{"className":49,"code":138491,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138493,138494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138495,138496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138497,138491],{"class":65},[353,138499,138501],{"id":138500},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[47,138503,138505],{"className":49,"code":138504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138506,138507,138519,138553,138557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138508,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138510,35217],{"class":65},[56,138512,1217],{"class":827},[56,138514,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138516,138436],{"class":1020},[56,138518,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138520,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138522,2775],{"class":65},[56,138524,1217],{"class":827},[56,138526,43348],{"class":65},[56,138528,156],{"class":76},[56,138530,35528],{"class":95},[56,138532,77],{"class":76},[56,138534,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138536,37561],{"class":1020},[56,138538,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138540,306],{"class":76},[56,138542,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138544,58627],{"class":1020},[56,138546,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138548,306],{"class":76},[56,138550,414],{"class":80},[56,138552,99],{"class":76},[56,138554,138555],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138556,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,138558,138559,138561,138563,138565],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,138560,373],{"class":72},[56,138562,77],{"class":76},[56,138564,2809],{"class":95},[56,138566,99],{"class":76},[20,138568,239],{},[47,138570,138572],{"className":49,"code":138571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138573,138574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138575,138576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138577,138571],{"class":65},[20,138579,138580],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138582,138583,138584,156],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[264,138585,128364],{"href":124808},[42,138587,138589],{"id":138588},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138591,138592,138594],{},[15,138593,124811],{}," can also change single characters.",[353,138596,138598],{"id":138597},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[47,138600,138602],{"className":49,"code":138601,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138603,138604,138616,138646,138650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138607,35217],{"class":65},[56,138609,1217],{"class":827},[56,138611,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138613,4628],{"class":1020},[56,138615,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138617,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138619,2775],{"class":65},[56,138621,1217],{"class":827},[56,138623,43348],{"class":65},[56,138625,156],{"class":76},[56,138627,35528],{"class":95},[56,138629,77],{"class":76},[56,138631,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138633,264],{"class":1020},[56,138635,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138637,306],{"class":76},[56,138639,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138641,60972],{"class":1020},[56,138643,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138645,99],{"class":76},[56,138647,138648],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138649,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,138651,138652,138654,138656,138658],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,138653,373],{"class":72},[56,138655,77],{"class":76},[56,138657,2809],{"class":95},[56,138659,99],{"class":76},[20,138661,239],{},[47,138663,138665],{"className":49,"code":138664,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bonono\n",[15,138666,138667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138668,138669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138670,138664],{"class":65},[353,138672,138674],{"id":138673},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138676,138677],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[47,138679,138681],{"className":49,"code":138680,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138682,138683,138696,138720,138724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138684,138685,138687,138689,138691,138694],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138686,35217],{"class":65},[56,138688,1217],{"class":827},[56,138690,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138692,138693],{"class":1020},"a b c",[56,138695,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138697,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138699,2775],{"class":65},[56,138701,1217],{"class":827},[56,138703,43348],{"class":65},[56,138705,156],{"class":76},[56,138707,35528],{"class":95},[56,138709,77],{"class":76},[56,138711,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138713,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138715,306],{"class":76},[56,138717,6661],{"class":1016},[56,138719,99],{"class":76},[56,138721,138722],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138723,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,138725,138726,138728,138730,138732],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,138727,373],{"class":72},[56,138729,77],{"class":76},[56,138731,2809],{"class":95},[56,138733,99],{"class":76},[20,138735,239],{},[47,138737,138739],{"className":49,"code":138738,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abc\n",[15,138740,138741],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138742,138743],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138744,138738],{"class":65},[20,138746,138747],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138749,138750,138751,138755,138756,138760],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[264,138752,126640,138753,11273],{"href":129327},[15,138754,61030],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[264,138757,126640,138758,11273],{"href":137210},[15,138759,42164],{}," is often a better choice.",[42,138762,124287],{"id":124286},[20,138764,138765,124098],{},[15,138766,124811],{},[20,138768,127685,138769,4935,138771,127692],{},[15,138770,113324],{},[15,138772,138773],{},"\"Cat\"",[47,138775,138777],{"className":49,"code":138776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138778,138779,138792,138822,138826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138780,138781,138783,138785,138787,138790],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138782,35217],{"class":65},[56,138784,1217],{"class":827},[56,138786,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138788,138789],{"class":1020},"Cat cat CAT",[56,138791,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138793,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138795,2775],{"class":65},[56,138797,1217],{"class":827},[56,138799,43348],{"class":65},[56,138801,156],{"class":76},[56,138803,35528],{"class":95},[56,138805,77],{"class":76},[56,138807,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138809,37561],{"class":1020},[56,138811,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138813,306],{"class":76},[56,138815,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138817,58627],{"class":1020},[56,138819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138821,99],{"class":76},[56,138823,138824],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138825,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,138827,138828,138830,138832,138834],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,138829,373],{"class":72},[56,138831,77],{"class":76},[56,138833,2809],{"class":95},[56,138835,99],{"class":76},[20,138837,239],{},[47,138839,138841],{"className":49,"code":138840,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138842,138843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138844,138845,138848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138846,138847],{"class":65},"Cat dog ",[56,138849,138850],{"class":34982},"CAT\n",[20,138852,138853,138854,138856],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138855,113324],{}," was replaced.",[20,138858,138859],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138861,138862,138863,156],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[264,138864,126640,138865,11273],{"href":124367},[15,138866,124370],{},[42,138868,160,138870,12239],{"id":138869},"what-replace-returns",[15,138871,124811],{},[20,138873,138874,138876],{},[15,138875,124811],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138878,138879],{},"If no match is found:",[173,138881,138882,138885],{},[176,138883,138884],{},"no error happens",[176,138886,138887],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138889,986],{},[47,138891,138893],{"className":49,"code":138892,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138894,138895,138907,138937,138941],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138896,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138898,35217],{"class":65},[56,138900,1217],{"class":827},[56,138902,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138904,4386],{"class":1020},[56,138906,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138908,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138910,2775],{"class":65},[56,138912,1217],{"class":827},[56,138914,43348],{"class":65},[56,138916,156],{"class":76},[56,138918,35528],{"class":95},[56,138920,77],{"class":76},[56,138922,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138924,2719],{"class":1020},[56,138926,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138928,306],{"class":76},[56,138930,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138932,12279],{"class":1020},[56,138934,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138936,99],{"class":76},[56,138938,138939],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138940,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,138942,138943,138945,138947,138949],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,138944,373],{"class":72},[56,138946,77],{"class":76},[56,138948,2809],{"class":95},[56,138950,99],{"class":76},[20,138952,239],{},[47,138954,138956],{"className":49,"code":138955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello\n",[15,138957,138958],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138959,138960],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138961,138955],{"class":65},[20,138963,138964],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[47,138966,138968],{"className":49,"code":138967,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138969,138970,138982],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138971,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138973,35217],{"class":65},[56,138975,1217],{"class":827},[56,138977,1231],{"class":1016},[56,138979,60905],{"class":1020},[56,138981,3903],{"class":1016},[56,138983,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,138985,130479],{"class":65},[56,138987,1217],{"class":827},[56,138989,43348],{"class":65},[56,138991,156],{"class":76},[56,138993,35528],{"class":95},[56,138995,77],{"class":76},[56,138997,1017],{"class":1016},[56,138999,61090],{"class":1020},[56,139001,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139003,306],{"class":76},[56,139005,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139007,7829],{"class":1020},[56,139009,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139011,99],{"class":76},[20,139013,139014],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[47,139016,139018],{"className":49,"code":139017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139019,139020,139032],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139021,139022,139024,139026,139028,139030],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139023,35217],{"class":65},[56,139025,1217],{"class":827},[56,139027,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139029,60905],{"class":1020},[56,139031,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139033,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139035,35217],{"class":65},[56,139037,1217],{"class":827},[56,139039,43348],{"class":65},[56,139041,156],{"class":76},[56,139043,35528],{"class":95},[56,139045,77],{"class":76},[56,139047,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139049,61090],{"class":1020},[56,139051,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139053,306],{"class":76},[56,139055,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139057,7829],{"class":1020},[56,139059,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139061,99],{"class":76},[42,139063,1690],{"id":1689},[20,139065,139066,139067,1045],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139068,124811],{},[173,139070,139071,139074,139078,139081],{},[176,139072,139073],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[176,139075,8983,139076,131860],{},[15,139077,124811],{},[176,139079,139080],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[176,139082,37718,139083,139085],{},[15,139084,124811],{}," with regex-based replacements",[353,139087,139089,139090,139092],{"id":139088},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139091,124811],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139094,139095,139096,1045],{},"This does not update ",[15,139097,35238],{},[47,139099,139101],{"className":49,"code":139100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139102,139103,139115,139141],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139104,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139106,35217],{"class":65},[56,139108,1217],{"class":827},[56,139110,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139112,138126],{"class":1020},[56,139114,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139116,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139118,35238],{"class":65},[56,139120,156],{"class":76},[56,139122,35528],{"class":95},[56,139124,77],{"class":76},[56,139126,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139128,138147],{"class":1020},[56,139130,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139132,306],{"class":76},[56,139134,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139136,138156],{"class":1020},[56,139138,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139140,99],{"class":76},[56,139142,139143,139145,139147,139149],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139144,373],{"class":72},[56,139146,77],{"class":76},[56,139148,35238],{"class":95},[56,139150,99],{"class":76},[20,139152,239],{},[47,139154,139155],{"className":49,"code":138374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,139156,139157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139158,139159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139160,138374],{"class":65},[20,139162,1937],{},[47,139164,139166],{"className":49,"code":139165,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139167,139168,139180,139210],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139169,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139171,35217],{"class":65},[56,139173,1217],{"class":827},[56,139175,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139177,138126],{"class":1020},[56,139179,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139181,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139183,35217],{"class":65},[56,139185,1217],{"class":827},[56,139187,43348],{"class":65},[56,139189,156],{"class":76},[56,139191,35528],{"class":95},[56,139193,77],{"class":76},[56,139195,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139197,138147],{"class":1020},[56,139199,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139201,306],{"class":76},[56,139203,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139205,138156],{"class":1020},[56,139207,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139209,99],{"class":76},[56,139211,139212,139214,139216,139218],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139213,373],{"class":72},[56,139215,77],{"class":76},[56,139217,35238],{"class":95},[56,139219,99],{"class":76},[20,139221,239],{},[47,139223,139224],{"className":49,"code":138175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,139225,139226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139227,139228],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139229,138175],{"class":65},[353,139231,139233],{"id":139232},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[47,139235,139237],{"className":49,"code":139236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139238,139239,139251],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139240,139241,139243,139245,139247,139249],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139242,35217],{"class":65},[56,139244,1217],{"class":827},[56,139246,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139248,1102],{"class":1020},[56,139250,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139252,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139254,373],{"class":72},[56,139256,77],{"class":76},[56,139258,35238],{"class":95},[56,139260,156],{"class":76},[56,139262,35528],{"class":95},[56,139264,77],{"class":76},[56,139266,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139268,4386],{"class":1020},[56,139270,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139272,306],{"class":76},[56,139274,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139276,90423],{"class":1020},[56,139278,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139280,1635],{"class":76},[20,139282,239],{},[47,139284,139285],{"className":49,"code":89436,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,139286,139287],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139288,139289],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139290,89436],{"class":65},[20,139292,139293,139294,4935,139296,139298],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139295,65033],{},[15,139297,1112],{}," are not the same.",[353,139300,139302],{"id":139301},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[47,139304,139306],{"className":49,"code":139305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139307,139308,139321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139309,139310,139312,139314,139316,139319],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139311,35217],{"class":65},[56,139313,1217],{"class":827},[56,139315,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139317,139318],{"class":1020},"red red red",[56,139320,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139322,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139324,373],{"class":72},[56,139326,77],{"class":76},[56,139328,35238],{"class":95},[56,139330,156],{"class":76},[56,139332,35528],{"class":95},[56,139334,77],{"class":76},[56,139336,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139338,13626],{"class":1020},[56,139340,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139342,306],{"class":76},[56,139344,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139346,13643],{"class":1020},[56,139348,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139350,1635],{"class":76},[20,139352,239],{},[47,139354,139356],{"className":49,"code":139355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139357,139358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139359,139360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139361,139355],{"class":65},[20,139363,139364,139365,1045],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139366,41770],{},[47,139368,139370],{"className":49,"code":139369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139371,139372,139384],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139373,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139375,35217],{"class":65},[56,139377,1217],{"class":827},[56,139379,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139381,139318],{"class":1020},[56,139383,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139385,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139387,373],{"class":72},[56,139389,77],{"class":76},[56,139391,35238],{"class":95},[56,139393,156],{"class":76},[56,139395,35528],{"class":95},[56,139397,77],{"class":76},[56,139399,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139401,13626],{"class":1020},[56,139403,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139405,306],{"class":76},[56,139407,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139409,13643],{"class":1020},[56,139411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139413,306],{"class":76},[56,139415,409],{"class":80},[56,139417,1635],{"class":76},[20,139419,239],{},[47,139421,139423],{"className":49,"code":139422,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue red red\n",[15,139424,139425],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139426,139427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139428,139422],{"class":65},[353,139430,139432,139433,139435],{"id":139431},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139434,124811],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139437,139438],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[173,139440,139441,139448,139455],{},[176,139442,2638,139443,139447],{},[264,139444,139445],{"href":129327},[15,139446,61030],{}," to break a string into a list",[176,139449,2638,139450,139454],{},[264,139451,139452],{"href":137210},[15,139453,42164],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[176,139456,2638,139457,139459],{},[15,139458,124811],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[42,139461,2343],{"id":2342},[353,139463,2347,139465,124967],{"id":139464},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139466,124811],{},[20,139468,139469],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[353,139471,139473],{"id":139472},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139475,139476],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[353,139478,139480],{"id":139479},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139482,139483],{},"Use the third argument:",[47,139485,139487],{"className":49,"code":139486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139488,139489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139490,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139492,35238],{"class":65},[56,139494,156],{"class":76},[56,139496,35528],{"class":95},[56,139498,77],{"class":76},[56,139500,138237],{"class":95},[56,139502,306],{"class":76},[56,139504,138242],{"class":95},[56,139506,306],{"class":76},[56,139508,409],{"class":80},[56,139510,99],{"class":76},[353,139512,2372,139514,139516],{"id":139513},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139515,124811],{}," remove text?",[20,139518,139519],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[47,139521,139523],{"className":49,"code":139522,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139524,139525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139526,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139528,35238],{"class":65},[56,139530,156],{"class":76},[56,139532,35528],{"class":95},[56,139534,77],{"class":76},[56,139536,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139538,2719],{"class":1020},[56,139540,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139542,306],{"class":76},[56,139544,6661],{"class":1016},[56,139546,99],{"class":76},[353,139548,2385,139550,124976],{"id":139549},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139551,124811],{},[20,139553,130169],{},[42,139555,2417],{"id":2416},[173,139557,139558,139562,139568,139574,139580],{},[176,139559,139560],{},[264,139561,125046],{"href":124808},[176,139563,139564],{},[264,139565,126640,139566,11273],{"href":129327},[15,139567,61030],{},[176,139569,139570],{},[264,139571,126640,139572,11273],{"href":137210},[15,139573,42164],{},[176,139575,139576],{},[264,139577,126640,139578,11273],{"href":124367},[15,139579,124370],{},[176,139581,139582],{},[264,139583,125395],{"href":51476},[2451,139585,139586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":139588},[139589,139590,139592,139595,139596,139600,139604,139605,139607,139615,139625],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":138190,"depth":87,"text":139591},"What replace() does",{"id":5970,"depth":87,"text":5971,"children":139593},[139594],{"id":17929,"depth":102,"text":17930},{"id":6325,"depth":87,"text":6326},{"id":138405,"depth":87,"text":138406,"children":139597},[139598,139599],{"id":138419,"depth":102,"text":138420},{"id":138500,"depth":102,"text":138501},{"id":138588,"depth":87,"text":138589,"children":139601},[139602,139603],{"id":138597,"depth":102,"text":138598},{"id":138673,"depth":102,"text":138674},{"id":124286,"depth":87,"text":124287},{"id":138869,"depth":87,"text":139606},"What replace() returns",{"id":1689,"depth":87,"text":1690,"children":139608},[139609,139611,139612,139613],{"id":139088,"depth":102,"text":139610},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139232,"depth":102,"text":139233},{"id":139301,"depth":102,"text":139302},{"id":139431,"depth":102,"text":139614},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":139616},[139617,139619,139620,139621,139623],{"id":139464,"depth":102,"text":139618},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139472,"depth":102,"text":139473},{"id":139479,"depth":102,"text":139480},{"id":139513,"depth":102,"text":139622},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139549,"depth":102,"text":139624},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138075,"description":139626},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139633,"title":139634,"body":139635,"description":141654,"extension":2509,"meta":141655,"navigation":105,"path":141656,"seo":141657,"stem":141658,"__hash__":141659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139636,"toc":141618},[139637,139642,139647,139650,139661,139663,139718,139723,139728,139735,139737,139752,139754,139810,139812,139850,139855,139857,139881,139884,139897,139902,139904,139936,139938,139971,139977,139982,139985,139995,139998,140000,140056,140058,140108,140111,140119,140122,140178,140180,140253,140266,140274,140278,140289,140292,140295,140348,140350,140382,140385,140439,140441,140476,140479,140484,140489,140494,140497,140499,140557,140559,140593,140595,140610,140613,140615,140657,140659,140685,140690,140698,140701,140703,140785,140787,140838,140841,140852,140860,140862,140935,140937,140955,140959,140962,140966,140993,140995,141003,141007,141042,141044,141057,141061,141064,141103,141105,141122,141127,141132,141143,141146,141157,141159,141161,141187,141190,141239,141241,141258,141261,141263,141315,141317,141349,141352,141410,141415,141417,141422,141525,141527,141541,141543,141550,141555,141560,141565,141570,141575,141578,141582,141587,141589,141615],[10,139638,123640,139640,11854],{"id":139639},"python-string-split-method",[15,139641,61030],{},[20,139643,123645,139644,139646],{},[15,139645,61030],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139648,139649],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[173,139651,139652,139655,139658],{},[176,139653,139654],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[176,139656,139657],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[176,139659,139660],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[42,139662,45],{"id":44},[47,139664,139666],{"className":49,"code":139665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139667,139668,139681,139703,139713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139669,139670,139672,139674,139676,139679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139671,35217],{"class":65},[56,139673,1217],{"class":827},[56,139675,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139677,139678],{"class":1020},"apple,banana,cherry",[56,139680,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139682,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139684,43343],{"class":65},[56,139686,1217],{"class":827},[56,139688,43348],{"class":65},[56,139690,156],{"class":76},[56,139692,34998],{"class":95},[56,139694,77],{"class":76},[56,139696,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139698,306],{"class":1020},[56,139700,1017],{"class":1016},[56,139702,99],{"class":76},[56,139704,139705,139707,139709,139711],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139706,373],{"class":72},[56,139708,77],{"class":76},[56,139710,43375],{"class":95},[56,139712,99],{"class":76},[56,139714,139715],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,139716,139717],{"class":112},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139719,2638,139720,139722],{},[15,139721,61030],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[42,139724,160,139726,163],{"id":139725},"what-split-does",[15,139727,61030],{},[20,139729,139730,132688,139732,156],{},[15,139731,61030],{},[37,139733,139734],{},"string method",[20,139736,49430],{},[173,139738,139739,139742,139747],{},[176,139740,139741],{},"divides a string into parts",[176,139743,119942,139744],{},[37,139745,139746],{},"new list of strings",[176,139748,119948,139749,139751],{},[37,139750,5170],{}," change the original string",[20,139753,986],{},[47,139755,139757],{"className":49,"code":139756,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139758,139759,139772,139786,139790,139800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139760,139761,139763,139765,139767,139770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139762,35217],{"class":65},[56,139764,1217],{"class":827},[56,139766,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139768,139769],{"class":1020},"red blue green",[56,139771,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139773,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139775,43343],{"class":65},[56,139777,1217],{"class":827},[56,139779,43348],{"class":65},[56,139781,156],{"class":76},[56,139783,34998],{"class":95},[56,139785,9174],{"class":76},[56,139787,139788],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139789,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,139791,139792,139794,139796,139798],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,139793,373],{"class":72},[56,139795,77],{"class":76},[56,139797,35238],{"class":95},[56,139799,99],{"class":76},[56,139801,139802,139804,139806,139808],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,139803,373],{"class":72},[56,139805,77],{"class":76},[56,139807,43375],{"class":95},[56,139809,99],{"class":76},[20,139811,239],{},[47,139813,139815],{"className":49,"code":139814,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139816,139817,139822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139818,139819],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139820,139821],{"class":65},"red blue green\n",[56,139823,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139825,402],{"class":76},[56,139827,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139829,13626],{"class":1020},[56,139831,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139833,306],{"class":76},[56,139835,3839],{"class":1016},[56,139837,13643],{"class":1020},[56,139839,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139841,306],{"class":76},[56,139843,3839],{"class":1016},[56,139845,17990],{"class":1020},[56,139847,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139849,427],{"class":76},[20,139851,139852,139853,156],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[264,139854,125395],{"href":51476},[42,139856,2702],{"id":2701},[47,139858,139860],{"className":49,"code":139859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139861,139862],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139863,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139865,61673],{"class":65},[56,139867,156],{"class":76},[56,139869,34998],{"class":95},[56,139871,77],{"class":76},[56,139873,134044],{"class":95},[56,139875,306],{"class":76},[56,139877,139878],{"class":95}," maxsplit",[56,139880,99],{"class":76},[20,139882,139883],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[173,139885,139886,139891],{},[176,139887,139888,139890],{},[15,139889,134044],{}," tells Python where to split",[176,139892,139893,139896],{},[15,139894,139895],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139898,2211,139899,139901],{},[15,139900,134044],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139903,986],{},[47,139905,139907],{"className":49,"code":139906,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139908,139909,139922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139910,139911,139913,139915,139917,139920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139912,35217],{"class":65},[56,139914,1217],{"class":827},[56,139916,1231],{"class":1016},[56,139918,139919],{"class":1020},"one two three",[56,139921,3903],{"class":1016},[56,139923,139924,139926,139928,139930,139932,139934],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,139925,373],{"class":72},[56,139927,77],{"class":76},[56,139929,35238],{"class":95},[56,139931,156],{"class":76},[56,139933,34998],{"class":95},[56,139935,7726],{"class":76},[20,139937,239],{},[47,139939,139941],{"className":49,"code":139940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139942,139943],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139944,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139946,402],{"class":76},[56,139948,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139950,7116],{"class":1020},[56,139952,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139954,306],{"class":76},[56,139956,3839],{"class":1016},[56,139958,79760],{"class":1020},[56,139960,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139962,306],{"class":76},[56,139964,3839],{"class":1016},[56,139966,134526],{"class":1020},[56,139968,3844],{"class":1016},[56,139970,427],{"class":76},[42,139972,958,139974,139976],{"id":139973},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139975,61030],{}," with no separator",[20,139978,70670,139979,139981],{},[15,139980,61030],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139983,139984],{},"Whitespace includes:",[173,139986,139987,139989,139992],{},[176,139988,10984],{},[176,139990,139991],{},"tabs",[176,139993,139994],{},"new lines",[20,139996,139997],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139999,986],{},[47,140001,140003],{"className":49,"code":140002,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140004,140005,140028,140042,140046],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140006,140007,140009,140011,140013,140016,140019,140021,140023,140026],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140008,35217],{"class":65},[56,140010,1217],{"class":827},[56,140012,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140014,140015],{"class":1020},"Python   is",[56,140017,140018],{"class":34982},"\\t",[56,140020,133780],{"class":1020},[56,140022,87640],{"class":34982},[56,140024,140025],{"class":1020},"and useful",[56,140027,3903],{"class":1016},[56,140029,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140031,43343],{"class":65},[56,140033,1217],{"class":827},[56,140035,43348],{"class":65},[56,140037,156],{"class":76},[56,140039,34998],{"class":95},[56,140041,9174],{"class":76},[56,140043,140044],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140045,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,140047,140048,140050,140052,140054],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,140049,373],{"class":72},[56,140051,77],{"class":76},[56,140053,43375],{"class":95},[56,140055,99],{"class":76},[20,140057,239],{},[47,140059,140061],{"className":49,"code":140060,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140062,140063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140064,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140104,140106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140066,402],{"class":76},[56,140068,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140070,7829],{"class":1020},[56,140072,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140074,306],{"class":76},[56,140076,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140078,1176],{"class":1020},[56,140080,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140082,306],{"class":76},[56,140084,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140086,133780],{"class":1020},[56,140088,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140090,306],{"class":76},[56,140092,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140094,130405],{"class":1020},[56,140096,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140098,306],{"class":76},[56,140100,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140102,140103],{"class":1020},"useful",[56,140105,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140107,427],{"class":76},[20,140109,140110],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[353,140112,140114,1682,140116],{"id":140113},"split-vs-split",[15,140115,61030],{},[15,140117,140118],{},"split(' ')",[20,140120,140121],{},"These are not the same.",[47,140123,140125],{"className":49,"code":140124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140126,140127,140140,140144,140158],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140128,140129,140131,140133,140135,140138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140130,35217],{"class":65},[56,140132,1217],{"class":827},[56,140134,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140136,140137],{"class":1020},"a  b   c",[56,140139,3903],{"class":1016},[56,140141,140142],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140143,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,140145,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140147,373],{"class":72},[56,140149,77],{"class":76},[56,140151,35238],{"class":95},[56,140153,156],{"class":76},[56,140155,34998],{"class":95},[56,140157,7726],{"class":76},[56,140159,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,140161,373],{"class":72},[56,140163,77],{"class":76},[56,140165,35238],{"class":95},[56,140167,156],{"class":76},[56,140169,34998],{"class":95},[56,140171,77],{"class":76},[56,140173,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140175,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140177,1635],{"class":76},[20,140179,239],{},[47,140181,140183],{"className":49,"code":140182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140184,140185,140213],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140186,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140188,402],{"class":76},[56,140190,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140192,264],{"class":1020},[56,140194,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140196,306],{"class":76},[56,140198,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140200,1234],{"class":1020},[56,140202,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140204,306],{"class":76},[56,140206,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140208,1243],{"class":1020},[56,140210,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140212,427],{"class":76},[56,140214,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140216,402],{"class":76},[56,140218,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140220,264],{"class":1020},[56,140222,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140224,306],{"class":76},[56,140226,4379],{"class":1016},[56,140228,306],{"class":76},[56,140230,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140232,1234],{"class":1020},[56,140234,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140236,306],{"class":76},[56,140238,4379],{"class":1016},[56,140240,306],{"class":76},[56,140242,4379],{"class":1016},[56,140244,306],{"class":76},[56,140246,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140248,1243],{"class":1020},[56,140250,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140252,427],{"class":76},[173,140254,140255,140260],{},[176,140256,140257,140259],{},[15,140258,61030],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[176,140261,140262,140265],{},[15,140263,140264],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140267,140268,140269,140273],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[264,140270,126640,140271,11273],{"href":137210},[15,140272,42164],{}," is often useful.",[42,140275,140277],{"id":140276},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140279,140280,140281,2735,140284,2739,140286,156],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140282,140283],{},"\",\"",[15,140285,133879],{},[15,140287,140288],{},"\"::\"",[20,140290,140291],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140293,140294],{},"Example with commas:",[47,140296,140298],{"className":49,"code":140297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140299,140300,140312,140334,140338],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140301,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140303,35217],{"class":65},[56,140305,1217],{"class":827},[56,140307,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140309,139678],{"class":1020},[56,140311,3903],{"class":1016},[56,140313,140314,140316,140318,140320,140322,140324,140326,140328,140330,140332],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140315,43343],{"class":65},[56,140317,1217],{"class":827},[56,140319,43348],{"class":65},[56,140321,156],{"class":76},[56,140323,34998],{"class":95},[56,140325,77],{"class":76},[56,140327,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140329,306],{"class":1020},[56,140331,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140333,99],{"class":76},[56,140335,140336],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140337,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,140339,140340,140342,140344,140346],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,140341,373],{"class":72},[56,140343,77],{"class":76},[56,140345,43375],{"class":95},[56,140347,99],{"class":76},[20,140349,239],{},[47,140351,140352],{"className":49,"code":78940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,140353,140354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140355,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140357,402],{"class":76},[56,140359,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140361,4619],{"class":1020},[56,140363,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140365,306],{"class":76},[56,140367,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140369,4628],{"class":1020},[56,140371,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140373,306],{"class":76},[56,140375,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140377,4637],{"class":1020},[56,140379,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140381,427],{"class":76},[20,140383,140384],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[47,140386,140388],{"className":49,"code":140387,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140389,140390,140403,140425,140429],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140391,140392,140394,140396,140398,140401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140393,35217],{"class":65},[56,140395,1217],{"class":827},[56,140397,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140399,140400],{"class":1020},"2024::10::31",[56,140402,3903],{"class":1016},[56,140404,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140406,43343],{"class":65},[56,140408,1217],{"class":827},[56,140410,43348],{"class":65},[56,140412,156],{"class":76},[56,140414,34998],{"class":95},[56,140416,77],{"class":76},[56,140418,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140420,77160],{"class":1020},[56,140422,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140424,99],{"class":76},[56,140426,140427],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140428,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,140430,140431,140433,140435,140437],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,140432,373],{"class":72},[56,140434,77],{"class":76},[56,140436,43375],{"class":95},[56,140438,99],{"class":76},[20,140440,239],{},[47,140442,140444],{"className":49,"code":140443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140445,140446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140447,140448,140450,140452,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469,140472,140474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140449,402],{"class":76},[56,140451,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140453,140454],{"class":1020},"2024",[56,140456,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140458,306],{"class":76},[56,140460,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140462,2291],{"class":1020},[56,140464,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140466,306],{"class":76},[56,140468,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140470,140471],{"class":1020},"31",[56,140473,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140475,427],{"class":76},[20,140477,140478],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140480,140481,140482,156],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[264,140483,129324],{"href":129323},[42,140485,958,140487],{"id":140486},"using-maxsplit",[15,140488,139895],{},[20,140490,140491,140493],{},[15,140492,139895],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140495,140496],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140498,986],{},[47,140500,140502],{"className":49,"code":140501,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140503,140504,140517,140543,140547],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140505,140506,140508,140510,140512,140515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140507,35217],{"class":65},[56,140509,1217],{"class":827},[56,140511,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140513,140514],{"class":1020},"name:age:city:country",[56,140516,3903],{"class":1016},[56,140518,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140520,43343],{"class":65},[56,140522,1217],{"class":827},[56,140524,43348],{"class":65},[56,140526,156],{"class":76},[56,140528,34998],{"class":95},[56,140530,77],{"class":76},[56,140532,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140534,1045],{"class":1020},[56,140536,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140538,306],{"class":76},[56,140540,414],{"class":80},[56,140542,99],{"class":76},[56,140544,140545],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140546,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,140548,140549,140551,140553,140555],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,140550,373],{"class":72},[56,140552,77],{"class":76},[56,140554,43375],{"class":95},[56,140556,99],{"class":76},[20,140558,239],{},[47,140560,140562],{"className":49,"code":140561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140563,140564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140565,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140589,140591],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140567,402],{"class":76},[56,140569,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140571,8201],{"class":1020},[56,140573,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140575,306],{"class":76},[56,140577,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140579,9831],{"class":1020},[56,140581,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140583,306],{"class":76},[56,140585,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140587,140588],{"class":1020},"city:country",[56,140590,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140592,427],{"class":76},[20,140594,2724],{},[173,140596,140597,140602,140607],{},[176,140598,140599,140600],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140601,1045],{},[176,140603,140604,140605],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140606,1045],{},[176,140608,140609],{},"then stops",[20,140611,140612],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140614,52581],{},[47,140616,140618],{"className":49,"code":140617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140619,140620,140633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140621,140622,140624,140626,140628,140631],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140623,35217],{"class":65},[56,140625,1217],{"class":827},[56,140627,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140629,140630],{"class":1020},"apple banana cherry grape",[56,140632,3903],{"class":1016},[56,140634,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647,140649,140651,140653,140655],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140636,373],{"class":72},[56,140638,77],{"class":76},[56,140640,35238],{"class":95},[56,140642,156],{"class":76},[56,140644,34998],{"class":95},[56,140646,77],{"class":76},[56,140648,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140650,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140652,306],{"class":76},[56,140654,409],{"class":80},[56,140656,1635],{"class":76},[20,140658,239],{},[47,140660,140662],{"className":49,"code":140661,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140663,140664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140665,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140681,140683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140667,402],{"class":76},[56,140669,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140671,4619],{"class":1020},[56,140673,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140675,306],{"class":76},[56,140677,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140679,140680],{"class":1020},"banana cherry grape",[56,140682,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140684,427],{"class":76},[42,140686,160,140688,12239],{"id":140687},"what-split-returns",[15,140689,61030],{},[20,140691,140692,140693,140695,140696,156],{},"The result of ",[15,140694,61030],{}," is always a ",[37,140697,379],{},[20,140699,140700],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140702,986],{},[47,140704,140706],{"className":49,"code":140705,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140707,140708,140721,140743,140747,140757,140771],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140709,140710,140712,140714,140716,140719],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140711,35217],{"class":65},[56,140713,1217],{"class":827},[56,140715,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140717,140718],{"class":1020},"cat,dog,bird",[56,140720,3903],{"class":1016},[56,140722,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140724,43343],{"class":65},[56,140726,1217],{"class":827},[56,140728,43348],{"class":65},[56,140730,156],{"class":76},[56,140732,34998],{"class":95},[56,140734,77],{"class":76},[56,140736,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140738,306],{"class":1020},[56,140740,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140742,99],{"class":76},[56,140744,140745],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140746,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,140748,140749,140751,140753,140755],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,140750,373],{"class":72},[56,140752,77],{"class":76},[56,140754,43375],{"class":95},[56,140756,99],{"class":76},[56,140758,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,140760,373],{"class":72},[56,140762,77],{"class":76},[56,140764,2312],{"class":378},[56,140766,77],{"class":76},[56,140768,43375],{"class":95},[56,140770,1635],{"class":76},[56,140772,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,140774,373],{"class":72},[56,140776,77],{"class":76},[56,140778,43375],{"class":95},[56,140780,402],{"class":76},[56,140782,152],{"class":80},[56,140784,1294],{"class":76},[20,140786,239],{},[47,140788,140790],{"className":49,"code":140789,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140791,140792,140820,140834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140793,140794,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140795,402],{"class":76},[56,140797,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140799,37561],{"class":1020},[56,140801,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140803,306],{"class":76},[56,140805,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140807,58627],{"class":1020},[56,140809,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140811,306],{"class":76},[56,140813,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140815,58644],{"class":1020},[56,140817,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140819,427],{"class":76},[56,140821,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830,140832],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140823,3833],{"class":827},[56,140825,3836],{"class":2610},[56,140827,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140829,379],{"class":1020},[56,140831,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140833,3847],{"class":827},[56,140835,140836],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140837,85956],{"class":65},[20,140839,140840],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[173,140842,140843,140846,140849],{},[176,140844,140845],{},"loop over it",[176,140847,140848],{},"access items by index",[176,140850,140851],{},"combine items again later",[20,140853,140854,140855,156],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[264,140856,126640,140858,11273],{"href":140857},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140859,133722],{},[20,140861,986],{},[47,140863,140865],{"className":49,"code":140864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140866,140867,140899,140921,140925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140868,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895,140897],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140870,43343],{"class":65},[56,140872,1217],{"class":827},[56,140874,1220],{"class":76},[56,140876,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140878,37561],{"class":1020},[56,140880,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140882,306],{"class":76},[56,140884,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140886,58627],{"class":1020},[56,140888,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140890,306],{"class":76},[56,140892,3839],{"class":1016},[56,140894,58644],{"class":1020},[56,140896,3844],{"class":1016},[56,140898,427],{"class":76},[56,140900,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140902,35217],{"class":65},[56,140904,1217],{"class":827},[56,140906,1231],{"class":1016},[56,140908,2568],{"class":1020},[56,140910,1017],{"class":1016},[56,140912,156],{"class":76},[56,140914,133799],{"class":95},[56,140916,77],{"class":76},[56,140918,43375],{"class":95},[56,140920,99],{"class":76},[56,140922,140923],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140924,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,140926,140927,140929,140931,140933],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,140928,373],{"class":72},[56,140930,77],{"class":76},[56,140932,35238],{"class":95},[56,140934,99],{"class":76},[20,140936,239],{},[47,140938,140940],{"className":49,"code":140939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140941,140942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140943,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140945,37561],{"class":65},[56,140947,2568],{"class":827},[56,140949,58627],{"class":65},[56,140951,2568],{"class":827},[56,140953,140954],{"class":65},"bird\n",[42,140956,140958],{"id":140957},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140960,140961],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[353,140963,140965],{"id":140964},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[47,140967,140969],{"className":49,"code":140968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140970,140971,140979],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140972,140973,140975,140977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140974,35217],{"class":65},[56,140976,1217],{"class":827},[56,140978,8414],{"class":1016},[56,140980,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,140982,373],{"class":72},[56,140984,77],{"class":76},[56,140986,35238],{"class":95},[56,140988,156],{"class":76},[56,140990,34998],{"class":95},[56,140992,7726],{"class":76},[20,140994,239],{},[47,140996,140997],{"className":49,"code":907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,140998,140999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141000,141001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141002,907],{"class":76},[353,141004,141006],{"id":141005},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[47,141008,141010],{"className":49,"code":141009,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141011,141012,141020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141013,141014,141016,141018],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141015,35217],{"class":65},[56,141017,1217],{"class":827},[56,141019,8414],{"class":1016},[56,141021,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141023,373],{"class":72},[56,141025,77],{"class":76},[56,141027,35238],{"class":95},[56,141029,156],{"class":76},[56,141031,34998],{"class":95},[56,141033,77],{"class":76},[56,141035,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141037,306],{"class":1020},[56,141039,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141041,1635],{"class":76},[20,141043,239],{},[47,141045,141047],{"className":49,"code":141046,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['']\n",[15,141048,141049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141050,141051,141053,141055],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141052,402],{"class":76},[56,141054,4314],{"class":1016},[56,141056,427],{"class":76},[353,141058,141060],{"id":141059},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141062,141063],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[47,141065,141067],{"className":49,"code":141066,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141068,141069,141081],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141070,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141072,35217],{"class":65},[56,141074,1217],{"class":827},[56,141076,1231],{"class":1016},[56,141078,4386],{"class":1020},[56,141080,3903],{"class":1016},[56,141082,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141084,373],{"class":72},[56,141086,77],{"class":76},[56,141088,35238],{"class":95},[56,141090,156],{"class":76},[56,141092,34998],{"class":95},[56,141094,77],{"class":76},[56,141096,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141098,306],{"class":1020},[56,141100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141102,1635],{"class":76},[20,141104,239],{},[47,141106,141108],{"className":49,"code":141107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['hello']\n",[15,141109,141110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141111,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141113,402],{"class":76},[56,141115,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141117,4386],{"class":1020},[56,141119,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141121,427],{"class":76},[42,141123,5500,141125],{"id":141124},"when-to-use-split",[15,141126,61030],{},[20,141128,2638,141129,141131],{},[15,141130,61030],{}," when you need to:",[173,141133,141134,141137,141140],{},[176,141135,141136],{},"split a sentence into words",[176,141138,141139],{},"split comma-separated values",[176,141141,141142],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141144,141145],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[173,141147,141148,141151,141154],{},[176,141149,141150],{},"cleaning text",[176,141152,141153],{},"parsing user input",[176,141155,141156],{},"processing simple file content",[42,141158,3374],{"id":3373},[20,141160,84727],{},[173,141162,141163,141167,141173,141176,141184],{},[176,141164,51009,141165,131860],{},[15,141166,61030],{},[176,141168,141169,141170,141172],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141171,61030],{}," returns a list, not a string",[176,141174,141175],{},"using the wrong separator",[176,141177,141178,141179,141181,141182],{},"assuming ",[15,141180,140118],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141183,61030],{},[176,141185,141186],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141188,141189],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[47,141191,141193],{"className":49,"code":141192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141194,141195,141207,141225,141229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141196,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141198,35217],{"class":65},[56,141200,1217],{"class":827},[56,141202,1231],{"class":1016},[56,141204,43336],{"class":1020},[56,141206,3903],{"class":1016},[56,141208,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141210,35238],{"class":65},[56,141212,156],{"class":76},[56,141214,34998],{"class":95},[56,141216,77],{"class":76},[56,141218,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141220,306],{"class":1020},[56,141222,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141224,99],{"class":76},[56,141226,141227],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141228,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,141230,141231,141233,141235,141237],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,141232,373],{"class":72},[56,141234,77],{"class":76},[56,141236,35238],{"class":95},[56,141238,99],{"class":76},[20,141240,239],{},[47,141242,141244],{"className":49,"code":141243,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a,b,c\n",[15,141245,141246],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141247,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141249,264],{"class":65},[56,141251,306],{"class":76},[56,141253,1234],{"class":65},[56,141255,306],{"class":76},[56,141257,69744],{"class":65},[20,141259,141260],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141262,1937],{},[47,141264,141265],{"className":49,"code":43323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,141266,141267,141279,141301,141305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141268,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141270,35217],{"class":65},[56,141272,1217],{"class":827},[56,141274,1231],{"class":1016},[56,141276,43336],{"class":1020},[56,141278,3903],{"class":1016},[56,141280,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141282,43343],{"class":65},[56,141284,1217],{"class":827},[56,141286,43348],{"class":65},[56,141288,156],{"class":76},[56,141290,34998],{"class":95},[56,141292,77],{"class":76},[56,141294,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141296,306],{"class":1020},[56,141298,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141300,99],{"class":76},[56,141302,141303],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141304,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,141306,141307,141309,141311,141313],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,141308,373],{"class":72},[56,141310,77],{"class":76},[56,141312,43375],{"class":95},[56,141314,99],{"class":76},[20,141316,239],{},[47,141318,141319],{"className":49,"code":43382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,141320,141321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141322,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141324,402],{"class":76},[56,141326,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141328,264],{"class":1020},[56,141330,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141332,306],{"class":76},[56,141334,3839],{"class":1016},[56,141336,1234],{"class":1020},[56,141338,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141340,306],{"class":76},[56,141342,3839],{"class":1016},[56,141344,1243],{"class":1020},[56,141346,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141348,427],{"class":76},[20,141350,141351],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[47,141353,141355],{"className":49,"code":141354,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141356,141357,141370,141392,141396],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141358,141359,141361,141363,141365,141368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141360,35217],{"class":65},[56,141362,1217],{"class":827},[56,141364,1231],{"class":1016},[56,141366,141367],{"class":1020},"apple,banana",[56,141369,3903],{"class":1016},[56,141371,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141390],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141373,43343],{"class":65},[56,141375,1217],{"class":827},[56,141377,43348],{"class":65},[56,141379,156],{"class":76},[56,141381,34998],{"class":95},[56,141383,77],{"class":76},[56,141385,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141387,306],{"class":1020},[56,141389,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141391,99],{"class":76},[56,141393,141394],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141395,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,141397,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,141399,373],{"class":72},[56,141401,77],{"class":76},[56,141403,43375],{"class":95},[56,141405,402],{"class":76},[56,141407,463],{"class":80},[56,141409,1294],{"class":76},[20,141411,141412,141413,156],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[264,141414,69757],{"href":69756},[353,141416,61209],{"id":61208},[20,141418,2211,141419,141421],{},[15,141420,61030],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[47,141423,141425],{"className":49,"code":141424,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141426,141427,141437,141451,141473,141499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141428,141429,141431,141433,141435],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141430,373],{"class":72},[56,141432,77],{"class":76},[56,141434,35238],{"class":95},[56,141436,99],{"class":76},[56,141438,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141440,373],{"class":72},[56,141442,77],{"class":76},[56,141444,35238],{"class":95},[56,141446,156],{"class":76},[56,141448,34998],{"class":95},[56,141450,7726],{"class":76},[56,141452,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141454,373],{"class":72},[56,141456,77],{"class":76},[56,141458,35238],{"class":95},[56,141460,156],{"class":76},[56,141462,34998],{"class":95},[56,141464,77],{"class":76},[56,141466,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141468,306],{"class":1020},[56,141470,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141472,1635],{"class":76},[56,141474,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,141476,373],{"class":72},[56,141478,77],{"class":76},[56,141480,1266],{"class":72},[56,141482,77],{"class":76},[56,141484,35238],{"class":95},[56,141486,156],{"class":76},[56,141488,34998],{"class":95},[56,141490,77],{"class":76},[56,141492,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141494,306],{"class":1020},[56,141496,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141498,390],{"class":76},[56,141500,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,141502,373],{"class":72},[56,141504,77],{"class":76},[56,141506,2312],{"class":378},[56,141508,77],{"class":76},[56,141510,35238],{"class":95},[56,141512,156],{"class":76},[56,141514,34998],{"class":95},[56,141516,77],{"class":76},[56,141518,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141520,306],{"class":1020},[56,141522,3844],{"class":1016},[56,141524,390],{"class":76},[20,141526,11702],{},[173,141528,141529,141532,141535,141538],{},[176,141530,141531],{},"what the original string looks like",[176,141533,141534],{},"which separator works",[176,141536,141537],{},"how many items were created",[176,141539,141540],{},"that the result is a list",[42,141542,2343],{"id":2342},[353,141544,5718,141546,4935,141548,2363],{"id":141545},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141547,61030],{},[15,141549,140118],{},[20,141551,141552,141554],{},[15,141553,61030],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141556,141557,141559],{},[15,141558,140118],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[353,141561,2347,141563,124967],{"id":141562},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141564,61030],{},[20,141566,141567,141568,56978],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141569,61030],{},[353,141571,5682,141573,40471],{"id":141572},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141574,139895],{},[20,141576,141577],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[353,141579,141581],{"id":141580},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141583,29592,141584,141586],{},[15,141585,61030],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[42,141588,2417],{"id":2416},[173,141590,141591,141595,141601,141607,141611],{},[176,141592,141593],{},[264,141594,130245],{"href":129323},[176,141596,141597],{},[264,141598,126640,141599,11273],{"href":140857},[15,141600,133722],{},[176,141602,141603],{},[264,141604,126640,141605,11273],{"href":137210},[15,141606,42164],{},[176,141608,141609],{},[264,141610,125395],{"href":51476},[176,141612,141613],{},[264,141614,69757],{"href":69756},[2451,141616,141617],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":141619},[141620,141621,141623,141624,141629,141630,141632,141634,141639,141641,141644,141653],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":139725,"depth":87,"text":141622},"What split() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":139973,"depth":87,"text":141625,"children":141626},"Using split() with no separator",[141627],{"id":140113,"depth":102,"text":141628},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140276,"depth":87,"text":140277},{"id":140486,"depth":87,"text":141631},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140687,"depth":87,"text":141633},"What split() returns",{"id":140957,"depth":87,"text":140958,"children":141635},[141636,141637,141638],{"id":140964,"depth":102,"text":140965},{"id":141005,"depth":102,"text":141006},{"id":141059,"depth":102,"text":141060},{"id":141124,"depth":87,"text":141640},"When to use split()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":141642},[141643],{"id":61208,"depth":102,"text":61209},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":141645},[141646,141648,141650,141652],{"id":141545,"depth":102,"text":141647},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141562,"depth":102,"text":141649},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141572,"depth":102,"text":141651},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141580,"depth":102,"text":141581},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139634,"description":141654},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141661,"title":141662,"body":141663,"description":143606,"extension":2509,"meta":143607,"navigation":105,"path":143608,"seo":143609,"stem":143610,"__hash__":143611},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141664,"toc":143565},[141665,141670,141675,141682,141755,141760,141765,141770,141786,141788,141858,141860,141862,141882,141884,141929,141934,141936,142034,142039,142043,142048,142052,142055,142097,142101,142104,142149,142153,142156,142206,142210,142215,142267,142269,142274,142285,142290,142370,142372,142384,142393,142400,142415,142417,142532,142538,142542,142545,142550,142692,142695,142702,142704,142708,142716,142785,142791,142840,142845,142850,142852,142872,142874,142940,142942,142946,142949,142953,142994,142996,143029,143034,143037,143064,143066,143109,143116,143121,143131,143197,143201,143209,143214,143265,143269,143272,143274,143283,143285,143335,143337,143444,143446,143451,143458,143464,143467,143498,143503,143505,143512,143520,143529,143532,143534,143562],[10,141666,123640,141668,11854],{"id":141667},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141669,128008],{},[20,141671,123645,141672,141674],{},[15,141673,128008],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141676,126706,141677,3422,141679,141681],{},[15,141678,4146],{},[15,141680,4215],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[47,141683,141685],{"className":49,"code":141684,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141686,141687,141700,141704,141729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141688,141689,141691,141693,141695,141698],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141690,35217],{"class":65},[56,141692,1217],{"class":827},[56,141694,1231],{"class":1016},[56,141696,141697],{"class":1020},"Python Beginner Help",[56,141699,3903],{"class":1016},[56,141701,141702],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141703,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,141705,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725,141727],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141707,373],{"class":72},[56,141709,77],{"class":76},[56,141711,35238],{"class":95},[56,141713,156],{"class":76},[56,141715,141716],{"class":95},"startswith",[56,141718,77],{"class":76},[56,141720,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141722,7829],{"class":1020},[56,141724,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141726,5901],{"class":76},[56,141728,44362],{"class":112},[56,141730,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141748,141750,141752],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,141732,373],{"class":72},[56,141734,77],{"class":76},[56,141736,35238],{"class":95},[56,141738,156],{"class":76},[56,141740,141716],{"class":95},[56,141742,77],{"class":76},[56,141744,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141746,141747],{"class":1020},"Beginner",[56,141749,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141751,5901],{"class":76},[56,141753,141754],{"class":112}," # False\n",[20,141756,2638,141757,141759],{},[15,141758,128008],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[42,141761,160,141763,163],{"id":141762},"what-startswith-does",[15,141764,128008],{},[20,141766,141767,141769],{},[15,141768,128008],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[173,141771,141772,141775,141781,141783],{},[176,141773,141774],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[176,141776,5688,141777,3422,141779],{},[15,141778,4146],{},[15,141780,4215],{},[176,141782,123783],{},[176,141784,141785],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141787,986],{},[47,141789,141791],{"className":49,"code":141790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141792,141793,141805,141809,141834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141794,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141796,8409],{"class":65},[56,141798,1217],{"class":827},[56,141800,1231],{"class":1016},[56,141802,7829],{"class":1020},[56,141804,3903],{"class":1016},[56,141806,141807],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141808,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,141810,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141828,141830,141832],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141812,373],{"class":72},[56,141814,77],{"class":76},[56,141816,8201],{"class":95},[56,141818,156],{"class":76},[56,141820,141716],{"class":95},[56,141822,77],{"class":76},[56,141824,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141826,141827],{"class":1020},"Py",[56,141829,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141831,5901],{"class":76},[56,141833,44362],{"class":112},[56,141835,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,141837,373],{"class":72},[56,141839,77],{"class":76},[56,141841,8201],{"class":95},[56,141843,156],{"class":76},[56,141845,141716],{"class":95},[56,141847,77],{"class":76},[56,141849,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141851,129086],{"class":1020},[56,141853,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141855,5901],{"class":76},[56,141857,44379],{"class":112},[42,141859,2702],{"id":2701},[20,141861,42892],{},[47,141863,141865],{"className":49,"code":141864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141866,141867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141868,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141880],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141870,61673],{"class":65},[56,141872,156],{"class":76},[56,141874,141716],{"class":95},[56,141876,77],{"class":76},[56,141878,141879],{"class":95},"prefix",[56,141881,99],{"class":76},[20,141883,31294],{},[47,141885,141887],{"className":49,"code":141886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141888,141889,141907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141890,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141892,61673],{"class":65},[56,141894,156],{"class":76},[56,141896,141716],{"class":95},[56,141898,77],{"class":76},[56,141900,141879],{"class":95},[56,141902,306],{"class":76},[56,141904,36576],{"class":95},[56,141906,99],{"class":76},[56,141908,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141910,61673],{"class":65},[56,141912,156],{"class":76},[56,141914,141716],{"class":95},[56,141916,77],{"class":76},[56,141918,141879],{"class":95},[56,141920,306],{"class":76},[56,141922,36576],{"class":95},[56,141924,306],{"class":76},[56,141926,65539],{"class":95},[56,141928,99],{"class":76},[20,141930,21306,141931,141933],{},[15,141932,141879],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141935,986],{},[47,141937,141939],{"className":49,"code":141938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141940,141941,141953,141957,141982,142006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141942,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141944,35217],{"class":65},[56,141946,1217],{"class":827},[56,141948,1231],{"class":1016},[56,141950,60905],{"class":1020},[56,141952,3903],{"class":1016},[56,141954,141955],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,141956,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,141958,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141960,373],{"class":72},[56,141962,77],{"class":76},[56,141964,35238],{"class":95},[56,141966,156],{"class":76},[56,141968,141716],{"class":95},[56,141970,77],{"class":76},[56,141972,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141974,4386],{"class":1020},[56,141976,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141978,5901],{"class":76},[56,141980,141981],{"class":112},"      # True\n",[56,141983,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992,141994,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,141985,373],{"class":72},[56,141987,77],{"class":76},[56,141989,35238],{"class":95},[56,141991,156],{"class":76},[56,141993,141716],{"class":95},[56,141995,77],{"class":76},[56,141997,1017],{"class":1016},[56,141999,61090],{"class":1020},[56,142001,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142003,5901],{"class":76},[56,142005,21736],{"class":112},[56,142007,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026,142028,142030,142032],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,142009,373],{"class":72},[56,142011,77],{"class":76},[56,142013,35238],{"class":95},[56,142015,156],{"class":76},[56,142017,141716],{"class":95},[56,142019,77],{"class":76},[56,142021,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142023,61090],{"class":1020},[56,142025,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142027,306],{"class":76},[56,142029,468],{"class":80},[56,142031,5901],{"class":76},[56,142033,44362],{"class":112},[20,142035,142036,142037,156],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[264,142038,125395],{"href":51476},[42,142040,142042],{"id":142041},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142044,142045,142047],{},[15,142046,128008],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[353,142049,142050],{"id":141879},[15,142051,141879],{},[20,142053,142054],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[47,142056,142058],{"className":49,"code":142057,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142059,142060,142072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142061,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142063,35217],{"class":65},[56,142065,1217],{"class":827},[56,142067,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142069,4628],{"class":1020},[56,142071,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142073,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142091,142093,142095],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142075,373],{"class":72},[56,142077,77],{"class":76},[56,142079,35238],{"class":95},[56,142081,156],{"class":76},[56,142083,141716],{"class":95},[56,142085,77],{"class":76},[56,142087,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142089,142090],{"class":1020},"ban",[56,142092,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142094,5901],{"class":76},[56,142096,4205],{"class":112},[353,142098,142099],{"id":303},[15,142100,303],{},[20,142102,142103],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[47,142105,142107],{"className":49,"code":142106,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142108,142109,142121],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142110,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142112,35217],{"class":65},[56,142114,1217],{"class":827},[56,142116,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142118,60905],{"class":1020},[56,142120,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142122,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142124,373],{"class":72},[56,142126,77],{"class":76},[56,142128,35238],{"class":95},[56,142130,156],{"class":76},[56,142132,141716],{"class":95},[56,142134,77],{"class":76},[56,142136,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142138,61090],{"class":1020},[56,142140,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142142,306],{"class":76},[56,142144,468],{"class":80},[56,142146,5901],{"class":76},[56,142148,4205],{"class":112},[353,142150,142151],{"id":53162},[15,142152,53162],{},[20,142154,142155],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[47,142157,142159],{"className":49,"code":142158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142160,142161,142173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142162,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142164,35217],{"class":65},[56,142166,1217],{"class":827},[56,142168,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142170,60905],{"class":1020},[56,142172,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142174,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142176,373],{"class":72},[56,142178,77],{"class":76},[56,142180,35238],{"class":95},[56,142182,156],{"class":76},[56,142184,141716],{"class":95},[56,142186,77],{"class":76},[56,142188,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142190,142191],{"class":1020},"wor",[56,142193,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142195,306],{"class":76},[56,142197,468],{"class":80},[56,142199,306],{"class":76},[56,142201,571],{"class":80},[56,142203,5901],{"class":76},[56,142205,4205],{"class":112},[353,142207,142209],{"id":142208},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142211,142212,142214],{},[15,142213,141879],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[47,142216,142218],{"className":49,"code":142217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142219,142220,142233],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142221,142222,142224,142226,142228,142231],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142223,126723],{"class":65},[56,142225,1217],{"class":827},[56,142227,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142229,142230],{"class":1020},"img_001.png",[56,142232,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142234,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142252,142254,142256,142258,142261,142263,142265],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142236,373],{"class":72},[56,142238,77],{"class":76},[56,142240,126741],{"class":95},[56,142242,156],{"class":76},[56,142244,141716],{"class":95},[56,142246,6049],{"class":76},[56,142248,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142250,142251],{"class":1020},"img_",[56,142253,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142255,306],{"class":76},[56,142257,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142259,142260],{"class":1020},"photo_",[56,142262,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142264,51592],{"class":76},[56,142266,4205],{"class":112},[42,142268,17954],{"id":17953},[20,142270,142271,142273],{},[15,142272,128008],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[173,142275,142276,142281],{},[176,142277,142278,142280],{},[15,142279,4146],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[176,142282,142283,127325],{},[15,142284,4215],{},[20,142286,142287,142288,7704],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142289,7529],{},[47,142291,142293],{"className":49,"code":142292,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142294,142295,142309,142313,142334,142349,142355],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142296,142297,142300,142302,142304,142307],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142298,142299],{"class":65},"command ",[56,142301,1217],{"class":827},[56,142303,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142305,142306],{"class":1020},"\u002Fhelp",[56,142308,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142310,142311],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142312,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,142314,142315,142317,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142316,7529],{"class":62},[56,142318,142319],{"class":65}," command",[56,142321,156],{"class":76},[56,142323,141716],{"class":95},[56,142325,77],{"class":76},[56,142327,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142329,127532],{"class":1020},[56,142331,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142333,84],{"class":76},[56,142335,142336,142338,142340,142342,142345,142347],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,142337,90],{"class":72},[56,142339,77],{"class":76},[56,142341,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142343,142344],{"class":1020},"This looks like a command.",[56,142346,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142348,99],{"class":76},[56,142350,142351,142353],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,142352,27964],{"class":62},[56,142354,1390],{"class":76},[56,142356,142357,142359,142361,142363,142366,142368],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,142358,90],{"class":72},[56,142360,77],{"class":76},[56,142362,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142364,142365],{"class":1020},"This is normal text.",[56,142367,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142369,99],{"class":76},[20,142371,239],{},[47,142373,142375],{"className":49,"code":142374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142376,142377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142378,142379,142382],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142380,142381],{"class":65},"This looks like a command",[56,142383,122672],{"class":76},[42,142385,958,142387,9236,142389,4935,142391],{"id":142386},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142388,128008],{},[15,142390,303],{},[15,142392,53162],{},[20,142394,2526,142395,4935,142397,142399],{},[15,142396,303],{},[15,142398,53162],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[173,142401,142402,142407,142412],{},[176,142403,142404,142406],{},[15,142405,303],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[176,142408,142409,142411],{},[15,142410,53162],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[176,142413,142414],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142416,986],{},[47,142418,142420],{"className":49,"code":142419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142421,142422,142434,142438,142467,142500],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142423,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142425,35217],{"class":65},[56,142427,1217],{"class":827},[56,142429,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142431,139919],{"class":1020},[56,142433,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142435,142436],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142437,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,142439,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142441,373],{"class":72},[56,142443,77],{"class":76},[56,142445,35238],{"class":95},[56,142447,156],{"class":76},[56,142449,141716],{"class":95},[56,142451,77],{"class":76},[56,142453,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142455,79760],{"class":1020},[56,142457,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142459,306],{"class":76},[56,142461,424],{"class":80},[56,142463,5901],{"class":76},[56,142465,142466],{"class":112},"        # True\n",[56,142468,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142496,142498],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,142470,373],{"class":72},[56,142472,77],{"class":76},[56,142474,35238],{"class":95},[56,142476,156],{"class":76},[56,142478,141716],{"class":95},[56,142480,77],{"class":76},[56,142482,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142484,134526],{"class":1020},[56,142486,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142488,306],{"class":76},[56,142490,2272],{"class":80},[56,142492,306],{"class":76},[56,142494,142495],{"class":80}," 13",[56,142497,5901],{"class":76},[56,142499,4205],{"class":112},[56,142501,142502,142504,142506,142508,142510,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522,142524,142526,142528,142530],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,142503,373],{"class":72},[56,142505,77],{"class":76},[56,142507,35238],{"class":95},[56,142509,156],{"class":76},[56,142511,141716],{"class":95},[56,142513,77],{"class":76},[56,142515,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142517,134526],{"class":1020},[56,142519,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142521,306],{"class":76},[56,142523,2272],{"class":80},[56,142525,306],{"class":76},[56,142527,31473],{"class":80},[56,142529,5901],{"class":76},[56,142531,5310],{"class":112},[20,142533,142534,142535,142537],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142536,53162],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[42,142539,142541],{"id":142540},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142543,142544],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142546,142547,142548,49851],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142549,41347],{},[47,142551,142553],{"className":49,"code":142552,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142554,142555,142569,142583,142597,142601,142625,142629,142650,142671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142556,142557,142560,142562,142564,142567],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142558,142559],{"class":65},"filename1 ",[56,142561,1217],{"class":827},[56,142563,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142565,142566],{"class":1020},"img_101.jpg",[56,142568,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142570,142571,142574,142576,142578,142581],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142572,142573],{"class":65},"filename2 ",[56,142575,1217],{"class":827},[56,142577,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142579,142580],{"class":1020},"photo_202.jpg",[56,142582,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142584,142585,142588,142590,142592,142595],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142586,142587],{"class":65},"filename3 ",[56,142589,1217],{"class":827},[56,142591,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142593,142594],{"class":1020},"doc_303.jpg",[56,142596,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142598,142599],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,142600,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,142602,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,142604,127935],{"class":65},[56,142606,1217],{"class":827},[56,142608,9768],{"class":76},[56,142610,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142612,142251],{"class":1020},[56,142614,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142616,306],{"class":76},[56,142618,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142620,142260],{"class":1020},[56,142622,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142624,99],{"class":76},[56,142626,142627],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,142628,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,142630,142631,142633,142635,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,142632,373],{"class":72},[56,142634,77],{"class":76},[56,142636,142637],{"class":95},"filename1",[56,142639,156],{"class":76},[56,142641,141716],{"class":95},[56,142643,77],{"class":76},[56,142645,127987],{"class":95},[56,142647,5901],{"class":76},[56,142649,4205],{"class":112},[56,142651,142652,142654,142656,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,142653,373],{"class":72},[56,142655,77],{"class":76},[56,142657,142658],{"class":95},"filename2",[56,142660,156],{"class":76},[56,142662,141716],{"class":95},[56,142664,77],{"class":76},[56,142666,127987],{"class":95},[56,142668,5901],{"class":76},[56,142670,4205],{"class":112},[56,142672,142673,142675,142677,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,142674,373],{"class":72},[56,142676,77],{"class":76},[56,142678,142679],{"class":95},"filename3",[56,142681,156],{"class":76},[56,142683,141716],{"class":95},[56,142685,77],{"class":76},[56,142687,127987],{"class":95},[56,142689,5901],{"class":76},[56,142691,5310],{"class":112},[20,142693,142694],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142696,75268,142697,142701],{},[264,142698,126640,142699,11273],{"href":130234},[15,142700,126698],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[42,142703,124287],{"id":124286},[20,142705,142706,124098],{},[15,142707,128008],{},[20,142709,127685,142710,4935,142713,127692],{},[15,142711,142712],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142714,142715],{},"\"python\"",[47,142717,142719],{"className":49,"code":142718,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142720,142721,142733,142737,142761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142722,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142724,35217],{"class":65},[56,142726,1217],{"class":827},[56,142728,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142730,7829],{"class":1020},[56,142732,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142734,142735],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142736,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,142738,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142740,373],{"class":72},[56,142742,77],{"class":76},[56,142744,35238],{"class":95},[56,142746,156],{"class":76},[56,142748,141716],{"class":95},[56,142750,77],{"class":76},[56,142752,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142754,141827],{"class":1020},[56,142756,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142758,5901],{"class":76},[56,142760,4205],{"class":112},[56,142762,142763,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,142764,373],{"class":72},[56,142766,77],{"class":76},[56,142768,35238],{"class":95},[56,142770,156],{"class":76},[56,142772,141716],{"class":95},[56,142774,77],{"class":76},[56,142776,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142778,129086],{"class":1020},[56,142780,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142782,5901],{"class":76},[56,142784,5310],{"class":112},[20,142786,127777,142787,156],{},[264,142788,142789],{"href":124367},[15,142790,124370],{},[47,142792,142794],{"className":49,"code":142793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142795,142796,142808,142812],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142797,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142799,35217],{"class":65},[56,142801,1217],{"class":827},[56,142803,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142805,7829],{"class":1020},[56,142807,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142809,142810],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142811,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,142813,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142815,373],{"class":72},[56,142817,77],{"class":76},[56,142819,35238],{"class":95},[56,142821,156],{"class":76},[56,142823,9171],{"class":95},[56,142825,9168],{"class":76},[56,142827,141716],{"class":95},[56,142829,77],{"class":76},[56,142831,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142833,129086],{"class":1020},[56,142835,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142837,5901],{"class":76},[56,142839,4205],{"class":112},[42,142841,5500,142843],{"id":142842},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142844,128008],{},[20,142846,142847,142849],{},[15,142848,128008],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142851,9906],{},[173,142853,142854,142857,142860,142869],{},[176,142855,142856],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[176,142858,142859],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[176,142861,142862,142863,3422,142866],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142864,142865],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142867,142868],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[176,142870,142871],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142873,986],{},[47,142875,142877],{"className":49,"code":142876,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142878,142879,142892,142896,142925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142880,142881,142883,142885,142887,142890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142882,127503],{"class":65},[56,142884,1217],{"class":827},[56,142886,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142888,142889],{"class":1020},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[56,142891,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142893,142894],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142895,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,142897,142898,142900,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921,142923],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142899,7529],{"class":62},[56,142901,142902],{"class":65}," url",[56,142904,156],{"class":76},[56,142906,141716],{"class":95},[56,142908,6049],{"class":76},[56,142910,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142912,142865],{"class":1020},[56,142914,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142916,306],{"class":76},[56,142918,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142920,142868],{"class":1020},[56,142922,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142924,1274],{"class":76},[56,142926,142927,142929,142931,142933,142936,142938],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,142928,90],{"class":72},[56,142930,77],{"class":76},[56,142932,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142934,142935],{"class":1020},"This looks like a web URL.",[56,142937,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142939,99],{"class":76},[42,142941,3374],{"id":3373},[20,142943,23631,142944,156],{},[15,142945,128008],{},[353,142947,139080],{"id":142948},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142950,142951,124098],{},[15,142952,128008],{},[47,142954,142956],{"className":49,"code":142955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142957,142958,142970],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142959,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142961,35217],{"class":65},[56,142963,1217],{"class":827},[56,142965,1231],{"class":1016},[56,142967,7829],{"class":1020},[56,142969,3903],{"class":1016},[56,142971,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986,142988,142990,142992],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,142973,373],{"class":72},[56,142975,77],{"class":76},[56,142977,35238],{"class":95},[56,142979,156],{"class":76},[56,142981,141716],{"class":95},[56,142983,77],{"class":76},[56,142985,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142987,51],{"class":1020},[56,142989,1017],{"class":1016},[56,142991,5901],{"class":76},[56,142993,5310],{"class":112},[20,142995,39772],{},[47,142997,142999],{"className":49,"code":142998,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143000,143001],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143002,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143004,373],{"class":72},[56,143006,77],{"class":76},[56,143008,35238],{"class":95},[56,143010,156],{"class":76},[56,143012,9171],{"class":95},[56,143014,9168],{"class":76},[56,143016,141716],{"class":95},[56,143018,77],{"class":76},[56,143020,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143022,51],{"class":1020},[56,143024,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143026,5901],{"class":76},[56,143028,4205],{"class":112},[353,143030,30179,143032,137562],{"id":143031},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143033,128008],{},[20,143035,143036],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[47,143038,143040],{"className":49,"code":143039,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143041,143042,143050,143054,143059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143043,143044,143046,143048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143045,2992],{"class":65},[56,143047,1217],{"class":827},[56,143049,125322],{"class":80},[56,143051,143052],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143053,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,143055,143056],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143057,143058],{"class":112},"# This will cause an error:\n",[56,143060,143061],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,143062,143063],{"class":112},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143065,39772],{},[47,143067,143069],{"className":49,"code":143068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143070,143071,143085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143072,143073,143075,143077,143079,143081,143083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143074,2992],{"class":65},[56,143076,1217],{"class":827},[56,143078,49407],{"class":378},[56,143080,77],{"class":76},[56,143082,50749],{"class":80},[56,143084,99],{"class":76},[56,143086,143087,143089,143091,143093,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105,143107],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143088,373],{"class":72},[56,143090,77],{"class":76},[56,143092,3017],{"class":95},[56,143094,156],{"class":76},[56,143096,141716],{"class":95},[56,143098,77],{"class":76},[56,143100,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143102,529],{"class":1020},[56,143104,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143106,5901],{"class":76},[56,143108,4205],{"class":112},[353,143110,37718,143112,9236,143114],{"id":143111},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143113,128008],{},[15,143115,69],{},[20,143117,143118,143120],{},[15,143119,128008],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143122,143123,143124,143126,143127,156],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143125,69],{}," or methods like ",[264,143128,143129],{"href":124650},[15,143130,124635],{},[47,143132,143134],{"className":49,"code":143133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143135,143136,143148,143152,143176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143137,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143139,35217],{"class":65},[56,143141,1217],{"class":827},[56,143143,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143145,60905],{"class":1020},[56,143147,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143149,143150],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143151,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,143153,143154,143156,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143155,373],{"class":72},[56,143157,77],{"class":76},[56,143159,35238],{"class":95},[56,143161,156],{"class":76},[56,143163,141716],{"class":95},[56,143165,77],{"class":76},[56,143167,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143169,61090],{"class":1020},[56,143171,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143173,5901],{"class":76},[56,143175,5310],{"class":112},[56,143177,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,143179,373],{"class":72},[56,143181,77],{"class":76},[56,143183,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143185,61090],{"class":1020},[56,143187,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143189,21709],{"class":62},[56,143191,43348],{"class":95},[56,143193,4202],{"class":76},[56,143195,143196],{"class":112},"           # True\n",[20,143198,136114,143199,156],{},[264,143200,127676],{"href":123895},[353,143202,2103,143204,4935,143206,143208],{"id":143203},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143205,303],{},[15,143207,53162],{}," use index positions",[20,143210,143211,143212,156],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143213,152],{},[47,143215,143217],{"className":49,"code":143216,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143218,143219,143232,143236],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143220,143221,143223,143225,143227,143230],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143222,35217],{"class":65},[56,143224,1217],{"class":827},[56,143226,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143228,143229],{"class":1020},"abcdef",[56,143231,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143233,143234],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143235,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,143237,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143255,143257,143259,143261,143263],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143239,373],{"class":72},[56,143241,77],{"class":76},[56,143243,35238],{"class":95},[56,143245,156],{"class":76},[56,143247,141716],{"class":95},[56,143249,77],{"class":76},[56,143251,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143253,143254],{"class":1020},"cd",[56,143256,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143258,306],{"class":76},[56,143260,414],{"class":80},[56,143262,5901],{"class":76},[56,143264,4205],{"class":112},[353,143266,143268],{"id":143267},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143270,143271],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143273,17179],{},[47,143275,143277],{"className":49,"code":143276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143278,143279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143280,143281],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143282,143276],{"class":112},[20,143284,17191],{},[47,143286,143288],{"className":49,"code":143287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143289,143290,143302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143291,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143293,35217],{"class":65},[56,143295,1217],{"class":827},[56,143297,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143299,7829],{"class":1020},[56,143301,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143303,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312,143314,143316,143318,143320,143322,143324,143326,143329,143331,143333],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143305,373],{"class":72},[56,143307,77],{"class":76},[56,143309,35238],{"class":95},[56,143311,156],{"class":76},[56,143313,141716],{"class":95},[56,143315,6049],{"class":76},[56,143317,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143319,141827],{"class":1020},[56,143321,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143323,306],{"class":76},[56,143325,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143327,143328],{"class":1020},"Ja",[56,143330,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143332,51592],{"class":76},[56,143334,4205],{"class":112},[20,143336,32613],{},[47,143338,143340],{"className":49,"code":143339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143341,143342,143352,143366,143388,143414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143343,143344,143346,143348,143350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143345,373],{"class":72},[56,143347,77],{"class":76},[56,143349,35238],{"class":95},[56,143351,99],{"class":76},[56,143353,143354,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143355,373],{"class":72},[56,143357,77],{"class":76},[56,143359,2312],{"class":378},[56,143361,77],{"class":76},[56,143363,35238],{"class":95},[56,143365,1635],{"class":76},[56,143367,143368,143370,143372,143374,143376,143378,143380,143382,143384,143386],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143369,373],{"class":72},[56,143371,77],{"class":76},[56,143373,35238],{"class":95},[56,143375,156],{"class":76},[56,143377,141716],{"class":95},[56,143379,77],{"class":76},[56,143381,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143383,141827],{"class":1020},[56,143385,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143387,1635],{"class":76},[56,143389,143390,143392,143394,143396,143398,143400,143402,143404,143406,143408,143410,143412],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,143391,373],{"class":72},[56,143393,77],{"class":76},[56,143395,35238],{"class":95},[56,143397,156],{"class":76},[56,143399,9171],{"class":95},[56,143401,9168],{"class":76},[56,143403,141716],{"class":95},[56,143405,77],{"class":76},[56,143407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143409,129086],{"class":1020},[56,143411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143413,1635],{"class":76},[56,143415,143416,143418,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143430,143432,143434,143436,143438,143440,143442],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,143417,373],{"class":72},[56,143419,77],{"class":76},[56,143421,35238],{"class":95},[56,143423,156],{"class":76},[56,143425,141716],{"class":95},[56,143427,6049],{"class":76},[56,143429,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143431,141827],{"class":1020},[56,143433,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143435,306],{"class":76},[56,143437,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143439,143328],{"class":1020},[56,143441,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143443,390],{"class":76},[42,143445,2343],{"id":2342},[353,143447,2347,143449,128486],{"id":143448},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143450,128008],{},[20,143452,143453,143454,3422,143456,156],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143455,4146],{},[15,143457,4215],{},[353,143459,2372,143461,143463],{"id":143460},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143462,128008],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143465,143466],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[47,143468,143470],{"className":49,"code":143469,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143471,143472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143473,143474,143476,143478,143480,143482,143484,143486,143488,143490,143492,143494,143496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143475,35238],{"class":65},[56,143477,156],{"class":76},[56,143479,141716],{"class":95},[56,143481,6049],{"class":76},[56,143483,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143485,264],{"class":1020},[56,143487,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143489,306],{"class":76},[56,143491,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143493,1234],{"class":1020},[56,143495,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143497,1635],{"class":76},[353,143499,2385,143501,124976],{"id":143500},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143502,128008],{},[20,143504,130169],{},[353,143506,5718,143508,4935,143510,2363],{"id":143507},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143509,128008],{},[15,143511,69],{},[20,143513,143514,143516,143517,143519],{},[15,143515,128008],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143518,69],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[353,143521,28859,143523,4935,143525,9236,143527,2363],{"id":143522},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143524,303],{},[15,143526,53162],{},[15,143528,128008],{},[20,143530,143531],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[42,143533,2417],{"id":2416},[173,143535,143536,143542,143548,143554,143558],{},[176,143537,143538],{},[264,143539,126640,143540,11273],{"href":130234},[15,143541,126698],{},[176,143543,143544],{},[264,143545,126640,143546,11273],{"href":124650},[15,143547,124635],{},[176,143549,143550],{},[264,143551,126640,143552,11273],{"href":124367},[15,143553,124370],{},[176,143555,143556],{},[264,143557,125039],{"href":123895},[176,143559,143560],{},[264,143561,125395],{"href":51476},[2451,143563,143564],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":143566},[143567,143569,143570,143576,143577,143579,143580,143581,143583,143593,143605],{"id":141762,"depth":87,"text":143568},"What startswith() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":142041,"depth":87,"text":142042,"children":143571},[143572,143573,143574,143575],{"id":141879,"depth":102,"text":141879},{"id":303,"depth":102,"text":303},{"id":53162,"depth":102,"text":53162},{"id":142208,"depth":102,"text":142209},{"id":17953,"depth":87,"text":17954},{"id":142386,"depth":87,"text":143578},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142540,"depth":87,"text":142541},{"id":124286,"depth":87,"text":124287},{"id":142842,"depth":87,"text":143582},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":143584},[143585,143586,143588,143590,143592],{"id":142948,"depth":102,"text":139080},{"id":143031,"depth":102,"text":143587},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143111,"depth":102,"text":143589},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143203,"depth":102,"text":143591},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143267,"depth":102,"text":143268},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":143594},[143595,143597,143599,143601,143603],{"id":143448,"depth":102,"text":143596},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143460,"depth":102,"text":143598},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143500,"depth":102,"text":143600},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143507,"depth":102,"text":143602},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143522,"depth":102,"text":143604},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141662,"description":143606},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143613,"title":143614,"body":143615,"description":145069,"extension":2509,"meta":145070,"navigation":105,"path":145071,"seo":145072,"stem":145073,"__hash__":145074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143616,"toc":145039},[143617,143622,143627,143630,143632,143676,143678,143686,143691,143696,143701,143703,143721,143723,143769,143771,143785,143794,143798,143800,143802,143814,143819,143822,143854,143856,143865,143870,143873,143914,143916,143924,143926,143939,143945,143949,143952,143968,143970,144019,144021,144030,144033,144092,144094,144103,144110,144113,144166,144168,144192,144199,144205,144209,144215,144218,144229,144231,144271,144273,144281,144283,144323,144325,144334,144336,144354,144357,144364,144375,144378,144395,144397,144474,144476,144507,144510,144512,144515,144541,144543,144583,144585,144594,144604,144612,144620,144625,144630,144632,144646,144648,144699,144701,144710,144720,144722,144724,144746,144749,144828,144830,144866,144869,144944,144949,144951,144957,144962,144967,144970,144976,144979,144986,144994,144998,145006,145008,145036],[10,143618,123640,143620,11854],{"id":143619},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143621,42164],{},[20,143623,22,143624,143626],{},[15,143625,42164],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143628,143629],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[42,143631,4151],{"id":4150},[47,143633,143635],{"className":49,"code":143634,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143636,143637,143650,143665],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143638,143639,143641,143643,143645,143648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143640,35217],{"class":65},[56,143642,1217],{"class":827},[56,143644,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143646,143647],{"class":1020},"  hello  ",[56,143649,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143651,143652,143655,143657,143659,143661,143663],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143653,143654],{"class":65},"clean_text ",[56,143656,1217],{"class":827},[56,143658,43348],{"class":65},[56,143660,156],{"class":76},[56,143662,9165],{"class":95},[56,143664,9174],{"class":76},[56,143666,143667,143669,143671,143674],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143668,373],{"class":72},[56,143670,77],{"class":76},[56,143672,143673],{"class":95},"clean_text",[56,143675,99],{"class":76},[20,143677,239],{},[47,143679,143680],{"className":49,"code":138955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,143681,143682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143683,143684],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143685,138955],{"class":65},[20,143687,2638,143688,143690],{},[15,143689,42164],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[42,143692,160,143694,163],{"id":143693},"what-strip-does",[15,143695,42164],{},[20,143697,143698,143700],{},[15,143699,42164],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143702,171],{},[173,143704,143705,143709,143712,143715,143718],{},[176,143706,143707,131990],{},[15,143708,42164],{},[176,143710,143711],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[176,143713,143714],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[176,143716,143717],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[176,143719,143720],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143722,986],{},[47,143724,143726],{"className":49,"code":143725,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143727,143728,143741,143745,143759],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143729,143730,143732,143734,143736,143739],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143731,35217],{"class":65},[56,143733,1217],{"class":827},[56,143735,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143737,143738],{"class":1020},"  hello world  ",[56,143740,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143742,143743],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143744,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,143746,143747,143749,143751,143753,143755,143757],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143748,373],{"class":72},[56,143750,77],{"class":76},[56,143752,35238],{"class":95},[56,143754,156],{"class":76},[56,143756,9165],{"class":95},[56,143758,7726],{"class":76},[56,143760,143761,143763,143765,143767],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,143762,373],{"class":72},[56,143764,77],{"class":76},[56,143766,35238],{"class":95},[56,143768,99],{"class":76},[20,143770,239],{},[47,143772,143774],{"className":49,"code":143773,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143775,143776,143780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143777,143778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143779,134656],{"class":65},[56,143781,143782],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143783,143784],{"class":65},"  hello world\n",[20,143786,143787,143788,143790,143791,143793],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143789,42164],{},", but the original ",[15,143792,35238],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143795,125392,143796,156],{},[264,143797,125395],{"href":51476},[42,143799,2702],{"id":2701},[20,143801,27017],{},[173,143803,143804,143809],{},[176,143805,143806],{},[15,143807,143808],{},"string.strip()",[176,143810,143811],{},[15,143812,143813],{},"string.strip(chars)",[353,143815,143817],{"id":143816},"stringstrip",[15,143818,143808],{},[20,143820,143821],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[47,143823,143825],{"className":49,"code":143824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143826,143827,143840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143828,143829,143831,143833,143835,143838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143830,8409],{"class":65},[56,143832,1217],{"class":827},[56,143834,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143836,143837],{"class":1020},"  Alice  ",[56,143839,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143841,143842,143844,143846,143848,143850,143852],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143843,373],{"class":72},[56,143845,77],{"class":76},[56,143847,8201],{"class":95},[56,143849,156],{"class":76},[56,143851,9165],{"class":95},[56,143853,7726],{"class":76},[20,143855,239],{},[47,143857,143859],{"className":49,"code":143858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Alice\n",[15,143860,143861],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143862,143863],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143864,143858],{"class":65},[353,143866,143868],{"id":143867},"stringstripchars",[15,143869,143813],{},[20,143871,143872],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[47,143874,143876],{"className":49,"code":143875,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143877,143878,143891],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143879,143880,143882,143884,143886,143889],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143881,35217],{"class":65},[56,143883,1217],{"class":827},[56,143885,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143887,143888],{"class":1020},"!!hello??",[56,143890,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143892,143893,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143910,143912],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143894,373],{"class":72},[56,143896,77],{"class":76},[56,143898,35238],{"class":95},[56,143900,156],{"class":76},[56,143902,9165],{"class":95},[56,143904,77],{"class":76},[56,143906,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143908,143909],{"class":1020},"!?",[56,143911,1017],{"class":1016},[56,143913,1635],{"class":76},[20,143915,239],{},[47,143917,143918],{"className":49,"code":138955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,143919,143920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143921,143922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143923,138955],{"class":65},[20,143925,84308],{},[173,143927,143928,143933],{},[176,143929,143930,143932],{},[15,143931,134899],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[176,143934,143935,143936,143938],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143937,134899],{}," does not matter",[42,143940,143942,143943],{"id":143941},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143944,42164],{},[20,143946,31415,143947,156],{},[15,143948,42164],{},[20,143950,143951],{},"It is useful for:",[173,143953,143954,143959,143962,143965],{},[176,143955,143956,143957,4426],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143958,1871],{},[176,143960,143961],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[176,143963,143964],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[176,143966,143967],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143969,48866],{},[47,143971,143973],{"className":49,"code":143972,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143974,143975,143988,144004,144008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143976,143977,143979,143981,143983,143986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143978,8494],{"class":65},[56,143980,1217],{"class":827},[56,143982,1231],{"class":1016},[56,143984,143985],{"class":1020},"  sam  ",[56,143987,3903],{"class":1016},[56,143989,143990,143993,143995,143998,144000,144002],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,143991,143992],{"class":65},"clean_username ",[56,143994,1217],{"class":827},[56,143996,143997],{"class":65}," username",[56,143999,156],{"class":76},[56,144001,9165],{"class":95},[56,144003,9174],{"class":76},[56,144005,144006],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144007,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,144009,144010,144012,144014,144017],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,144011,373],{"class":72},[56,144013,77],{"class":76},[56,144015,144016],{"class":95},"clean_username",[56,144018,99],{"class":76},[20,144020,239],{},[47,144022,144024],{"className":49,"code":144023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sam\n",[15,144025,144026],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144027,144028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144029,144023],{"class":65},[20,144031,144032],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[47,144034,144036],{"className":49,"code":144035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144037,144038,144051,144055,144077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144039,144040,144042,144044,144046,144049],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144041,136883],{"class":65},[56,144043,1217],{"class":827},[56,144045,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144047,144048],{"class":1020}," yes  ",[56,144050,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144052,144053],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144054,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,144056,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065,144067,144069,144071,144073,144075],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144058,7529],{"class":62},[56,144060,136903],{"class":65},[56,144062,156],{"class":76},[56,144064,9165],{"class":95},[56,144066,7898],{"class":76},[56,144068,6941],{"class":827},[56,144070,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144072,9189],{"class":1020},[56,144074,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144076,1390],{"class":76},[56,144078,144079,144081,144083,144085,144088,144090],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,144080,90],{"class":72},[56,144082,77],{"class":76},[56,144084,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144086,144087],{"class":1020},"Matched",[56,144089,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144091,99],{"class":76},[20,144093,239],{},[47,144095,144097],{"className":49,"code":144096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Matched\n",[15,144098,144099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144100,144101],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144102,144096],{"class":65},[20,144104,144105,144106,156],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[264,144107,144109],{"href":144108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144111,144112],{},"Example with file-style text:",[47,144114,144116],{"className":49,"code":144115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144117,144118,144134,144148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144119,144120,144123,144125,144127,144130,144132],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144121,144122],{"class":65},"line ",[56,144124,1217],{"class":827},[56,144126,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144128,144129],{"class":1020},"Python basics",[56,144131,87640],{"class":34982},[56,144133,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144135,144136,144138,144140,144142,144144,144146],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144137,373],{"class":72},[56,144139,77],{"class":76},[56,144141,42290],{"class":72},[56,144143,77],{"class":76},[56,144145,58],{"class":95},[56,144147,1635],{"class":76},[56,144149,144150,144152,144154,144156,144158,144160,144162,144164],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144151,373],{"class":72},[56,144153,77],{"class":76},[56,144155,42290],{"class":72},[56,144157,77],{"class":76},[56,144159,58],{"class":95},[56,144161,156],{"class":76},[56,144163,9165],{"class":95},[56,144165,6825],{"class":76},[20,144167,239],{},[47,144169,144171],{"className":49,"code":144170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144172,144173,144184],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144174,144175,144177,144179,144182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144176,3844],{"class":43835},[56,144178,144129],{"class":43839},[56,144180,87640],{"class":144181},"sfi6f",[56,144183,30229],{"class":43835},[56,144185,144186,144188,144190],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144187,3844],{"class":43835},[56,144189,144129],{"class":43839},[56,144191,30229],{"class":43835},[20,144193,958,144194,144196,144197,156],{},[15,144195,122854],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144198,87640],{},[20,144200,144201,144202,156],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[264,144203,144204],{"href":88293},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[42,144206,144208],{"id":144207},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144210,144211,144212,156],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144213,144214],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144216,144217],{},"Python will:",[173,144219,144220,144223,144226],{},[176,144221,144222],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[176,144224,144225],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[176,144227,144228],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144230,986],{},[47,144232,144234],{"className":49,"code":144233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144235,144236,144249],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144237,144238,144240,144242,144244,144247],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144239,35217],{"class":65},[56,144241,1217],{"class":827},[56,144243,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144245,144246],{"class":1020},"??hello!!",[56,144248,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144250,144251,144253,144255,144257,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267,144269],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144252,373],{"class":72},[56,144254,77],{"class":76},[56,144256,35238],{"class":95},[56,144258,156],{"class":76},[56,144260,9165],{"class":95},[56,144262,77],{"class":76},[56,144264,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144266,143909],{"class":1020},[56,144268,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144270,1635],{"class":76},[20,144272,239],{},[47,144274,144275],{"className":49,"code":138955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,144276,144277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144278,144279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144280,138955],{"class":65},[20,144282,52581],{},[47,144284,144286],{"className":49,"code":144285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144287,144288,144301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144289,144290,144292,144294,144296,144299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144291,35217],{"class":65},[56,144293,1217],{"class":827},[56,144295,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144297,144298],{"class":1020},"abcHelloCba",[56,144300,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144302,144303,144305,144307,144309,144311,144313,144315,144317,144319,144321],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144304,373],{"class":72},[56,144306,77],{"class":76},[56,144308,35238],{"class":95},[56,144310,156],{"class":76},[56,144312,9165],{"class":95},[56,144314,77],{"class":76},[56,144316,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144318,42071],{"class":1020},[56,144320,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144322,1635],{"class":76},[20,144324,239],{},[47,144326,144328],{"className":49,"code":144327,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HelloC\n",[15,144329,144330],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144331,144332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144333,144327],{"class":65},[20,144335,6770],{},[20,144337,144338,14588,144341,144343,144344,144346,144347,2735,144349,2739,144351,144353],{},[15,144339,144340],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[37,144342,5170],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144345,42071],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144348,264],{},[15,144350,1234],{},[15,144352,1243],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144355,144356],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144358,144359,144360,7162],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[264,144361,144362],{"href":130221},[15,144363,124811],{},[42,144365,144367,1682,144369,1682,144372],{"id":144366},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144368,42164],{},[15,144370,144371],{},"lstrip()",[15,144373,144374],{},"rstrip()",[20,144376,144377],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[173,144379,144380,144385,144390],{},[176,144381,144382,144384],{},[15,144383,42164],{}," removes from both ends",[176,144386,144387,144389],{},[15,144388,144371],{}," removes from the left side only",[176,144391,144392,144394],{},[15,144393,144374],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144396,986],{},[47,144398,144400],{"className":49,"code":144399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144401,144402,144414,144418,144436,144455],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144403,144404,144406,144408,144410,144412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144405,35217],{"class":65},[56,144407,1217],{"class":827},[56,144409,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144411,143647],{"class":1020},[56,144413,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144415,144416],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144417,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,144419,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428,144430,144432,144434],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144421,373],{"class":72},[56,144423,77],{"class":76},[56,144425,42290],{"class":72},[56,144427,77],{"class":76},[56,144429,35238],{"class":95},[56,144431,156],{"class":76},[56,144433,9165],{"class":95},[56,144435,6825],{"class":76},[56,144437,144438,144440,144442,144444,144446,144448,144450,144453],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,144439,373],{"class":72},[56,144441,77],{"class":76},[56,144443,42290],{"class":72},[56,144445,77],{"class":76},[56,144447,35238],{"class":95},[56,144449,156],{"class":76},[56,144451,144452],{"class":95},"lstrip",[56,144454,6825],{"class":76},[56,144456,144457,144459,144461,144463,144465,144467,144469,144472],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,144458,373],{"class":72},[56,144460,77],{"class":76},[56,144462,42290],{"class":72},[56,144464,77],{"class":76},[56,144466,35238],{"class":95},[56,144468,156],{"class":76},[56,144470,144471],{"class":95},"rstrip",[56,144473,6825],{"class":76},[20,144475,239],{},[47,144477,144479],{"className":49,"code":144478,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144480,144481,144489,144498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144482,144483,144485,144487],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144484,3844],{"class":43835},[56,144486,4386],{"class":43839},[56,144488,30229],{"class":43835},[56,144490,144491,144493,144496],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144492,3844],{"class":43835},[56,144494,144495],{"class":43839},"hello  ",[56,144497,30229],{"class":43835},[56,144499,144500,144502,144505],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144501,3844],{"class":43835},[56,144503,144504],{"class":43839},"  hello",[56,144506,30229],{"class":43835},[20,144508,144509],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[42,144511,108648],{"id":108647},[20,144513,144514],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[173,144516,144517,144525,144535,144538],{},[176,144518,144519,144521,144522,144524],{},[15,144520,144340],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144523,42040],{}," once",[176,144526,144527,144528,2735,144530,2739,144532,144534],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144529,264],{},[15,144531,1234],{},[15,144533,1243],{}," from both ends",[176,144536,144537],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[176,144539,144540],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144542,986],{},[47,144544,144546],{"className":49,"code":144545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144547,144548,144561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144549,144550,144552,144554,144556,144559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144551,126723],{"class":65},[56,144553,1217],{"class":827},[56,144555,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144557,144558],{"class":1020},"txt_report.txt",[56,144560,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577,144579,144581],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144564,373],{"class":72},[56,144566,77],{"class":76},[56,144568,126741],{"class":95},[56,144570,156],{"class":76},[56,144572,9165],{"class":95},[56,144574,77],{"class":76},[56,144576,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144578,126776],{"class":1020},[56,144580,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144582,1635],{"class":76},[20,144584,239],{},[47,144586,144588],{"className":49,"code":144587,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"_report\n",[15,144589,144590],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144591,144592],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144593,144587],{"class":65},[20,144595,144596,144597,2735,144599,2739,144601,144603],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144598,156],{},[15,144600,63785],{},[15,144602,2719],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144605,54154,144606,5322,144609,144611],{},[15,144607,144608],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[37,144610,5170],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144613,144614,144615,144619],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[264,144616,144617],{"href":130221},[15,144618,124811],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[42,144621,5500,144623],{"id":144622},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144624,42164],{},[20,144626,2638,144627,144629],{},[15,144628,42164],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144631,36943],{},[173,144633,144634,144638,144640,144643],{},[176,144635,143956,144636,4426],{},[15,144637,1871],{},[176,144639,143961],{},[176,144641,144642],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[176,144644,144645],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144647,986],{},[47,144649,144651],{"className":49,"code":144650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144652,144653,144667,144671,144684],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144654,144655,144658,144660,144662,144665],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144656,144657],{"class":65},"email ",[56,144659,1217],{"class":827},[56,144661,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144663,144664],{"class":1020},"  user@example.com  ",[56,144666,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144668,144669],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144670,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,144672,144673,144675,144678,144680,144682],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144674,7529],{"class":62},[56,144676,144677],{"class":65}," email",[56,144679,156],{"class":76},[56,144681,9165],{"class":95},[56,144683,22131],{"class":76},[56,144685,144686,144688,144690,144692,144695,144697],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,144687,90],{"class":72},[56,144689,77],{"class":76},[56,144691,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144693,144694],{"class":1020},"Email was entered",[56,144696,1017],{"class":1016},[56,144698,99],{"class":76},[20,144700,239],{},[47,144702,144704],{"className":49,"code":144703,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Email was entered\n",[15,144705,144706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144707,144708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144709,144703],{"class":65},[20,144711,144712,144713,144715,144716,156],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144714,42164],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[264,144717,144718],{"href":124367},[15,144719,124370],{},[42,144721,3374],{"id":3373},[20,144723,84727],{},[173,144725,144726,144730,144735,144740],{},[176,144727,8983,144728,131860],{},[15,144729,42164],{},[176,144731,8983,144732,144734],{},[15,144733,42164],{}," to remove text from the middle",[176,144736,958,144737,144739],{},[15,144738,144608],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[176,144741,2103,144742,144745],{},[15,144743,144744],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144747,144748],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[47,144750,144752],{"className":49,"code":144751,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144753,144754,144768,144772,144782,144796,144810],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144755,144756,144758,144760,144762,144764,144766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144757,35217],{"class":65},[56,144759,1217],{"class":827},[56,144761,1231],{"class":1016},[56,144763,144504],{"class":1020},[56,144765,87640],{"class":34982},[56,144767,3903],{"class":1016},[56,144769,144770],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144771,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,144773,144774,144776,144778,144780],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144775,373],{"class":72},[56,144777,77],{"class":76},[56,144779,35238],{"class":95},[56,144781,99],{"class":76},[56,144783,144784,144786,144788,144790,144792,144794],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,144785,373],{"class":72},[56,144787,77],{"class":76},[56,144789,42290],{"class":72},[56,144791,77],{"class":76},[56,144793,35238],{"class":95},[56,144795,1635],{"class":76},[56,144797,144798,144800,144802,144804,144806,144808],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,144799,373],{"class":72},[56,144801,77],{"class":76},[56,144803,35238],{"class":95},[56,144805,156],{"class":76},[56,144807,9165],{"class":95},[56,144809,7726],{"class":76},[56,144811,144812,144814,144816,144818,144820,144822,144824,144826],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,144813,373],{"class":72},[56,144815,77],{"class":76},[56,144817,42290],{"class":72},[56,144819,77],{"class":76},[56,144821,35238],{"class":95},[56,144823,156],{"class":76},[56,144825,9165],{"class":95},[56,144827,6825],{"class":76},[20,144829,239],{},[47,144831,144833],{"className":49,"code":144832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144834,144835,144840,144844,144854,144858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144836,144837],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144838,144839],{"class":65},"  hello\n",[56,144841,144842],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144843,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,144845,144846,144848,144850,144852],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144847,3844],{"class":43835},[56,144849,144504],{"class":43839},[56,144851,87640],{"class":144181},[56,144853,30229],{"class":43835},[56,144855,144856],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,144857,138955],{"class":65},[56,144859,144860,144862,144864],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,144861,3844],{"class":43835},[56,144863,4386],{"class":43839},[56,144865,30229],{"class":43835},[20,144867,144868],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[47,144870,144872],{"className":49,"code":144871,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144873,144874,144884,144898,144912,144930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144875,144876,144878,144880,144882],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144877,373],{"class":72},[56,144879,77],{"class":76},[56,144881,35238],{"class":95},[56,144883,99],{"class":76},[56,144885,144886,144888,144890,144892,144894,144896],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,144887,373],{"class":72},[56,144889,77],{"class":76},[56,144891,42290],{"class":72},[56,144893,77],{"class":76},[56,144895,35238],{"class":95},[56,144897,1635],{"class":76},[56,144899,144900,144902,144904,144906,144908,144910],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144901,373],{"class":72},[56,144903,77],{"class":76},[56,144905,35238],{"class":95},[56,144907,156],{"class":76},[56,144909,9165],{"class":95},[56,144911,7726],{"class":76},[56,144913,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,144915,373],{"class":72},[56,144917,77],{"class":76},[56,144919,42290],{"class":72},[56,144921,77],{"class":76},[56,144923,35238],{"class":95},[56,144925,156],{"class":76},[56,144927,9165],{"class":95},[56,144929,6825],{"class":76},[56,144931,144932,144934,144936,144938,144940,144942],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,144933,32683],{"class":72},[56,144935,77],{"class":76},[56,144937,3988],{"class":378},[56,144939,156],{"class":76},[56,144941,9165],{"class":25284},[56,144943,99],{"class":76},[20,144945,144946,144948],{},[15,144947,122854],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[42,144950,2343],{"id":2342},[353,144952,2347,144954,144956],{"id":144953},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144955,42164],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144958,46871,144959,144961],{},[15,144960,42164],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[353,144963,2347,144965,124967],{"id":144964},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144966,42164],{},[20,144968,144969],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[353,144971,5682,144973,144975],{"id":144972},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144974,42164],{}," remove by default?",[20,144977,144978],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[353,144980,34734,144982,34737,144984,2363],{"id":144981},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144983,42164],{},[15,144985,124811],{},[20,144987,144988,144990,144991,144993],{},[15,144989,42164],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144992,124811],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[353,144995,144997],{"id":144996},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144999,128513,145000,145002,145003,145005],{},[15,145001,144371],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145004,144374],{}," for the right side.",[42,145007,2417],{"id":2416},[173,145009,145010,145016,145022,145027,145032],{},[176,145011,145012],{},[264,145013,126640,145014,11273],{"href":124367},[15,145015,124370],{},[176,145017,145018],{},[264,145019,126640,145020,11273],{"href":130221},[15,145021,124811],{},[176,145023,145024],{},[264,145025,145026],{"href":144108},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[176,145028,145029],{},[264,145030,145031],{"href":88293},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[176,145033,145034],{},[264,145035,125395],{"href":51476},[2451,145037,145038],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":145040},[145041,145042,145044,145048,145050,145051,145053,145054,145056,145057,145068],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":143693,"depth":87,"text":145043},"What strip() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":145045},[145046,145047],{"id":143816,"depth":102,"text":143808},{"id":143867,"depth":102,"text":143813},{"id":143941,"depth":87,"text":145049},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144207,"depth":87,"text":144208},{"id":144366,"depth":87,"text":145052},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108647,"depth":87,"text":108648},{"id":144622,"depth":87,"text":145055},"When to use strip()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":145058},[145059,145061,145063,145065,145067],{"id":144953,"depth":102,"text":145060},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144964,"depth":102,"text":145062},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144972,"depth":102,"text":145064},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144981,"depth":102,"text":145066},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144996,"depth":102,"text":144997},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143614,"description":145069},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145076,"title":145077,"body":145078,"description":146258,"extension":2509,"meta":146259,"navigation":105,"path":146260,"seo":146261,"stem":146262,"__hash__":146263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145079,"toc":146228},[145080,145085,145090,145095,145097,145143,145151,145156,145170,145176,145178,145180,145195,145197,145207,145210,145241,145244,145267,145269,145272,145329,145331,145345,145347,145361,145367,145372,145375,145416,145418,145427,145435,145438,145483,145485,145494,145497,145501,145506,145520,145522,145554,145556,145576,145579,145584,145589,145591,145602,145605,145662,145664,145672,145681,145683,145685,145691,145693,145730,145732,145740,145742,145783,145785,145794,145799,145804,145806,145833,145840,145843,145874,145876,145885,145891,145900,145931,145933,145945,145958,145962,145967,145997,145999,146066,146068,146078,146080,146085,146088,146093,146098,146102,146108,146114,146117,146119,146177,146179,146187,146189,146225],[10,145081,123640,145083,11854],{"id":145082},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145084,128518],{},[20,145086,123645,145087,145089],{},[15,145088,128518],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145091,85104,145092,145094],{},[15,145093,128518],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[42,145096,45],{"id":44},[47,145098,145100],{"className":49,"code":145099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145101,145102,145114,145128,145138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110,145112],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145105,35217],{"class":65},[56,145107,1217],{"class":827},[56,145109,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145111,129359],{"class":1020},[56,145113,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145115,145116,145118,145120,145122,145124,145126],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145117,2775],{"class":65},[56,145119,1217],{"class":827},[56,145121,43348],{"class":65},[56,145123,156],{"class":76},[56,145125,35007],{"class":95},[56,145127,9174],{"class":76},[56,145129,145130,145132,145134,145136],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145131,373],{"class":72},[56,145133,77],{"class":76},[56,145135,2809],{"class":95},[56,145137,99],{"class":76},[56,145139,145140],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,145141,145142],{"class":112},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145144,145145,145147,145148,145150],{},[15,145146,128518],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[37,145149,5170],{}," change the original string in place.",[42,145152,160,145154,163],{"id":145153},"what-upper-does",[15,145155,128518],{},[173,145157,145158,145163,145166,145168],{},[176,145159,145160,145162],{},[15,145161,128518],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[176,145164,145165],{},"It works on string values only",[176,145167,133888],{},[176,145169,136606],{},[20,145171,125392,145172,3422,145174,156],{},[264,145173,136612],{"href":136611},[264,145175,125395],{"href":51476},[42,145177,2702],{"id":2701},[20,145179,2705],{},[47,145181,145183],{"className":49,"code":145182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.upper()\n",[15,145184,145185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145186,145187,145189,145191,145193],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145188,61673],{"class":65},[56,145190,156],{"class":76},[56,145192,35007],{"class":95},[56,145194,9174],{"class":76},[20,145196,11991],{},[173,145198,145199,145201,145204],{},[176,145200,97813],{},[176,145202,145203],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[176,145205,145206],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145208,145209],{},"Example with a variable:",[47,145211,145213],{"className":49,"code":145212,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145214,145215,145227],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145216,145217,145219,145221,145223,145225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145218,8409],{"class":65},[56,145220,1217],{"class":827},[56,145222,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145224,51],{"class":1020},[56,145226,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145228,145229,145231,145233,145235,145237,145239],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145230,373],{"class":72},[56,145232,77],{"class":76},[56,145234,8201],{"class":95},[56,145236,156],{"class":76},[56,145238,35007],{"class":95},[56,145240,7726],{"class":76},[20,145242,145243],{},"Example with a string literal:",[47,145245,145247],{"className":49,"code":145246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145248,145249],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145250,145251,145253,145255,145257,145259,145261,145263,145265],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145252,373],{"class":72},[56,145254,77],{"class":76},[56,145256,1017],{"class":1016},[56,145258,4386],{"class":1020},[56,145260,1017],{"class":1016},[56,145262,156],{"class":76},[56,145264,35007],{"class":95},[56,145266,7726],{"class":76},[42,145268,12008],{"id":12007},[20,145270,145271],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[47,145273,145275],{"className":49,"code":145274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145276,145277,145289,145304,145308,145318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145278,145279,145281,145283,145285,145287],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145280,6689],{"class":65},[56,145282,1217],{"class":827},[56,145284,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145286,4628],{"class":1020},[56,145288,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145290,145291,145294,145296,145298,145300,145302],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145292,145293],{"class":65},"uppercase_word ",[56,145295,1217],{"class":827},[56,145297,38892],{"class":65},[56,145299,156],{"class":76},[56,145301,35007],{"class":95},[56,145303,9174],{"class":76},[56,145305,145306],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145307,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,145309,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,145311,373],{"class":72},[56,145313,77],{"class":76},[56,145315,38902],{"class":95},[56,145317,99],{"class":76},[56,145319,145320,145322,145324,145327],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,145321,373],{"class":72},[56,145323,77],{"class":76},[56,145325,145326],{"class":95},"uppercase_word",[56,145328,99],{"class":76},[20,145330,239],{},[47,145332,145334],{"className":49,"code":145333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145335,145336,145340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145337,145338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145339,70902],{"class":65},[56,145341,145342],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145343,145344],{"class":34982},"BANANA\n",[20,145346,112754],{},[173,145348,145349,145354],{},[176,145350,145351,145353],{},[15,145352,38902],{}," keeps its original value",[176,145355,145356,145358,145359],{},[15,145357,145326],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145360,128518],{},[42,145362,145364,145366],{"id":145363},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145365,128518],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145368,137272,145369,145371],{},[37,145370,137275],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145373,145374],{},"So this method:",[47,145376,145378],{"className":49,"code":145377,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145379,145380,145392,145402,145406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145381,145382,145384,145386,145388,145390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145383,8409],{"class":65},[56,145385,1217],{"class":827},[56,145387,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145389,18338],{"class":1020},[56,145391,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145393,145394,145396,145398,145400],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145395,8201],{"class":65},[56,145397,156],{"class":76},[56,145399,35007],{"class":95},[56,145401,9174],{"class":76},[56,145403,145404],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145405,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,145407,145408,145410,145412,145414],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,145409,373],{"class":72},[56,145411,77],{"class":76},[56,145413,8201],{"class":95},[56,145415,99],{"class":76},[20,145417,239],{},[47,145419,145421],{"className":49,"code":145420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"alice\n",[15,145422,145423],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145424,145425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145426,145420],{"class":65},[20,145428,21513,145429,145431,145432,145434],{},[15,145430,128518],{}," was called, ",[15,145433,8201],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145436,145437],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[47,145439,145441],{"className":49,"code":145440,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145442,145443,145455,145469,145473],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145444,145445,145447,145449,145451,145453],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145446,8409],{"class":65},[56,145448,1217],{"class":827},[56,145450,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145452,18338],{"class":1020},[56,145454,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145456,145457,145459,145461,145463,145465,145467],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145458,8409],{"class":65},[56,145460,1217],{"class":827},[56,145462,36518],{"class":65},[56,145464,156],{"class":76},[56,145466,35007],{"class":95},[56,145468,9174],{"class":76},[56,145470,145471],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145472,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,145474,145475,145477,145479,145481],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,145476,373],{"class":72},[56,145478,77],{"class":76},[56,145480,8201],{"class":95},[56,145482,99],{"class":76},[20,145484,239],{},[47,145486,145488],{"className":49,"code":145487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ALICE\n",[15,145489,145490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145491,145492],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145493,145487],{"class":34982},[20,145495,145496],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[42,145498,145500],{"id":145499},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145502,145503,145505],{},[15,145504,128518],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[173,145507,145508,145511,145514,145517],{},[176,145509,145510],{},"Numbers stay the same",[176,145512,145513],{},"Spaces stay the same",[176,145515,145516],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[176,145518,145519],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145521,986],{},[47,145523,145525],{"className":49,"code":145524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145526,145527,145540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145528,145529,145531,145533,145535,145538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145530,35217],{"class":65},[56,145532,1217],{"class":827},[56,145534,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145536,145537],{"class":1020},"Room 7, table #3!",[56,145539,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145541,145542,145544,145546,145548,145550,145552],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145543,373],{"class":72},[56,145545,77],{"class":76},[56,145547,35238],{"class":95},[56,145549,156],{"class":76},[56,145551,35007],{"class":95},[56,145553,7726],{"class":76},[20,145555,239],{},[47,145557,145559],{"className":49,"code":145558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145560,145561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145562,145563,145566,145568,145570,145573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145564,145565],{"class":34982},"ROOM",[56,145567,566],{"class":80},[56,145569,306],{"class":76},[56,145571,145572],{"class":34982}," TABLE",[56,145574,145575],{"class":112}," #3!\n",[20,145577,145578],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[42,145580,5500,145582],{"id":145581},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145583,128518],{},[20,145585,145586,145588],{},[15,145587,128518],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145590,48844],{},[173,145592,145593,145596,145599],{},[176,145594,145595],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[176,145597,145598],{},"Format labels or headings",[176,145600,145601],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145603,145604],{},"Example: simple comparison",[47,145606,145608],{"className":49,"code":145607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145609,145610,145622,145626,145648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145611,145612,145614,145616,145618,145620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145613,136883],{"class":65},[56,145615,1217],{"class":827},[56,145617,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145619,9189],{"class":1020},[56,145621,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145623,145624],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145625,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,145627,145628,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145629,7529],{"class":62},[56,145631,136903],{"class":65},[56,145633,156],{"class":76},[56,145635,35007],{"class":95},[56,145637,7898],{"class":76},[56,145639,6941],{"class":827},[56,145641,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145643,136890],{"class":1020},[56,145645,1017],{"class":1016},[56,145647,1390],{"class":76},[56,145649,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,145651,90],{"class":72},[56,145653,77],{"class":76},[56,145655,1017],{"class":1016},[56,145657,144087],{"class":1020},[56,145659,1017],{"class":1016},[56,145661,99],{"class":76},[20,145663,239],{},[47,145665,145666],{"className":49,"code":144096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,145667,145668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145669,145670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145671,144096],{"class":65},[20,145673,145674,145675,2735,145677,2739,145679,156],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145676,9189],{},[15,145678,137676],{},[15,145680,136890],{},[42,145682,3374],{"id":3373},[353,145684,96174],{"id":96173},[20,145686,8648,145687,145690],{},[15,145688,145689],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145692,17179],{},[47,145694,145696],{"className":49,"code":145695,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145697,145698,145710,145720],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145699,145700,145702,145704,145706,145708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145701,35217],{"class":65},[56,145703,1217],{"class":827},[56,145705,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145707,4386],{"class":1020},[56,145709,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145711,145712,145714,145716,145718],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145713,35238],{"class":65},[56,145715,156],{"class":76},[56,145717,35007],{"class":95},[56,145719,9174],{"class":76},[56,145721,145722,145724,145726,145728],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145723,373],{"class":72},[56,145725,77],{"class":76},[56,145727,35238],{"class":95},[56,145729,99],{"class":76},[20,145731,239],{},[47,145733,145734],{"className":49,"code":138955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,145735,145736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145737,145738],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145739,138955],{"class":65},[20,145741,17191],{},[47,145743,145745],{"className":49,"code":145744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145746,145747,145759,145773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145748,145749,145751,145753,145755,145757],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145750,35217],{"class":65},[56,145752,1217],{"class":827},[56,145754,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145756,4386],{"class":1020},[56,145758,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145760,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769,145771],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145762,35217],{"class":65},[56,145764,1217],{"class":827},[56,145766,43348],{"class":65},[56,145768,156],{"class":76},[56,145770,35007],{"class":95},[56,145772,9174],{"class":76},[56,145774,145775,145777,145779,145781],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145776,373],{"class":72},[56,145778,77],{"class":76},[56,145780,35238],{"class":95},[56,145782,99],{"class":76},[20,145784,239],{},[47,145786,145788],{"className":49,"code":145787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HELLO\n",[15,145789,145790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145791,145792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145793,145787],{"class":34982},[353,145795,19443,145797,137562],{"id":145796},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145798,128518],{},[20,145800,145801,145803],{},[15,145802,128518],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145805,986],{},[47,145807,145809],{"className":49,"code":145808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145810,145811,145819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145812,145813,145815,145817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145814,2763],{"class":65},[56,145816,1217],{"class":827},[56,145818,125322],{"class":80},[56,145820,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829,145831],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145822,373],{"class":72},[56,145824,77],{"class":76},[56,145826,234],{"class":95},[56,145828,156],{"class":76},[56,145830,35007],{"class":95},[56,145832,7726],{"class":76},[20,145834,40164,145835,145837,145838,34129],{},[15,145836,2734],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145839,128518],{},[20,145841,145842],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[47,145844,145846],{"className":49,"code":145845,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145847,145848,145856],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145849,145850,145852,145854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145851,2763],{"class":65},[56,145853,1217],{"class":827},[56,145855,125322],{"class":80},[56,145857,145858,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145859,373],{"class":72},[56,145861,77],{"class":76},[56,145863,3988],{"class":378},[56,145865,77],{"class":76},[56,145867,234],{"class":95},[56,145869,9162],{"class":76},[56,145871,35007],{"class":95},[56,145873,7726],{"class":76},[20,145875,239],{},[47,145877,145879],{"className":49,"code":145878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"123\n",[15,145880,145881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145882,145883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145884,145878],{"class":80},[353,145886,37718,145888,145890],{"id":145887},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145889,128518],{}," with title case",[20,145892,145893,145895,145896,145899],{},[15,145894,128518],{}," makes ",[37,145897,145898],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[47,145901,145903],{"className":49,"code":145902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145904,145905,145917],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145906,145907,145909,145911,145913,145915],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145908,35217],{"class":65},[56,145910,1217],{"class":827},[56,145912,1231],{"class":1016},[56,145914,60905],{"class":1020},[56,145916,3903],{"class":1016},[56,145918,145919,145921,145923,145925,145927,145929],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,145920,373],{"class":72},[56,145922,77],{"class":76},[56,145924,35238],{"class":95},[56,145926,156],{"class":76},[56,145928,35007],{"class":95},[56,145930,7726],{"class":76},[20,145932,239],{},[47,145934,145936],{"className":49,"code":145935,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145937,145938],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145939,145940,145942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145941,136664],{"class":34982},[56,145943,145944],{"class":34982}," WORLD\n",[20,145946,145947,145948,145952,145953,145957],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[264,145949,145950],{"href":124367},[15,145951,124370],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[264,145954,145955],{"href":130221},[15,145956,124811],{}," changes parts of a string.",[42,145959,145961],{"id":145960},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145963,145964,145965,1045],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145966,128518],{},[173,145968,145969,145976,145983,145990],{},[176,145970,145971,145975],{},[264,145972,145973],{"href":124367},[15,145974,124370],{}," for lowercase text",[176,145977,145978,145982],{},[264,145979,145980],{"href":137210},[15,145981,42164],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[176,145984,145985,145989],{},[264,145986,145987],{"href":130221},[15,145988,124811],{}," for changing parts of a string",[176,145991,145992,4935,145994,145996],{},[15,145993,128008],{},[15,145995,126698],{}," for checks",[20,145998,986],{},[47,146000,146002],{"className":49,"code":146001,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146003,146004,146016,146020,146035,146051,146055],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146005,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146007,35217],{"class":65},[56,146009,1217],{"class":827},[56,146011,1231],{"class":1016},[56,146013,143738],{"class":1020},[56,146015,3903],{"class":1016},[56,146017,146018],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146019,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,146021,146022,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146023,146024],{"class":65},"cleaned ",[56,146026,1217],{"class":827},[56,146028,43348],{"class":65},[56,146030,156],{"class":76},[56,146032,9165],{"class":95},[56,146034,9174],{"class":76},[56,146036,146037,146040,146042,146045,146047,146049],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,146038,146039],{"class":65},"loud ",[56,146041,1217],{"class":827},[56,146043,146044],{"class":65}," cleaned",[56,146046,156],{"class":76},[56,146048,35007],{"class":95},[56,146050,9174],{"class":76},[56,146052,146053],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,146054,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,146056,146057,146059,146061,146064],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,146058,373],{"class":72},[56,146060,77],{"class":76},[56,146062,146063],{"class":95},"loud",[56,146065,99],{"class":76},[20,146067,239],{},[47,146069,146070],{"className":49,"code":145935,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146071,146072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146073,146074,146076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146075,136664],{"class":34982},[56,146077,145944],{"class":34982},[42,146079,2343],{"id":2342},[353,146081,2347,146083,124967],{"id":146082},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146084,128518],{},[20,146086,146087],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[353,146089,2347,146091,137944],{"id":146090},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146092,128518],{},[20,146094,146095,146096,156],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146097,145689],{},[353,146099,146101],{"id":146100},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146103,146104,146105,146107],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146106,128518],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[353,146109,28859,146111,146113],{"id":146110},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146112,128518],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146115,146116],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146118,986],{},[47,146120,146122],{"className":49,"code":146121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146123,146124,146136,146149,146153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146125,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146127,3098],{"class":65},[56,146129,1217],{"class":827},[56,146131,1231],{"class":1016},[56,146133,51],{"class":1020},[56,146135,3903],{"class":1016},[56,146137,146138,146140,146142,146144,146147],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146139,3125],{"class":65},[56,146141,1217],{"class":827},[56,146143,1231],{"class":1016},[56,146145,146146],{"class":1020},"PYTHON",[56,146148,3903],{"class":1016},[56,146150,146151],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146152,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,146154,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163,146165,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,146156,373],{"class":72},[56,146158,77],{"class":76},[56,146160,264],{"class":95},[56,146162,156],{"class":76},[56,146164,35007],{"class":95},[56,146166,7898],{"class":76},[56,146168,6941],{"class":827},[56,146170,3103],{"class":95},[56,146172,156],{"class":76},[56,146174,35007],{"class":95},[56,146176,7726],{"class":76},[20,146178,239],{},[47,146180,146181],{"className":49,"code":4519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146182,146183],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146184,146185],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146186,4519],{"class":4393},[42,146188,2417],{"id":2416},[173,146190,146191,146195,146201,146207,146213,146217,146221],{},[176,146192,146193],{},[264,146194,125395],{"href":51476},[176,146196,146197],{},[264,146198,126640,146199,11273],{"href":124367},[15,146200,124370],{},[176,146202,146203],{},[264,146204,126640,146205,11273],{"href":137210},[15,146206,42164],{},[176,146208,146209],{},[264,146210,126640,146211,11273],{"href":130221},[15,146212,124811],{},[176,146214,146215],{},[264,146216,91169],{"href":90179},[176,146218,146219],{},[264,146220,125039],{"href":123895},[176,146222,146223],{},[264,146224,138030],{"href":136611},[2451,146226,146227],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":146229},[146230,146231,146233,146234,146235,146237,146238,146240,146247,146248,146257],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":145153,"depth":87,"text":146232},"What upper() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":145363,"depth":87,"text":146236},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145499,"depth":87,"text":145500},{"id":145581,"depth":87,"text":146239},"When to use upper()",{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":146241},[146242,146243,146245],{"id":96173,"depth":102,"text":96174},{"id":145796,"depth":102,"text":146244},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145887,"depth":102,"text":146246},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145960,"depth":87,"text":145961},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":146249},[146250,146252,146254,146255],{"id":146082,"depth":102,"text":146251},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146090,"depth":102,"text":146253},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146100,"depth":102,"text":146101},{"id":146110,"depth":102,"text":146256},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145077,"description":146258},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146265,"title":146266,"body":146267,"description":148144,"extension":2509,"meta":148145,"navigation":105,"path":148146,"seo":148147,"stem":148148,"__hash__":148149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146268,"toc":148094},[146269,146275,146282,146288,146290,146346,146351,146356,146361,146364,146383,146386,146388,146412,146430,146441,146443,146446,146499,146501,146509,146511,146529,146534,146537,146594,146596,146605,146608,146628,146631,146637,146642,146644,146687,146689,146697,146700,146741,146743,146752,146758,146764,146791,146793,146801,146806,146810,146822,146865,146867,146875,146880,146886,146891,146895,146897,146940,146943,146990,146992,147001,147008,147012,147015,147061,147066,147070,147072,147115,147118,147126,147128,147133,147135,147137,147156,147159,147171,147173,147192,147194,147202,147206,147208,147259,147262,147337,147339,147347,147350,147354,147356,147403,147406,147477,147479,147487,147493,147495,147570,147574,147653,147655,147663,147669,147675,147680,147685,147734,147738,147809,147812,147817,147828,147831,147842,147852,147854,147859,147884,147889,147970,147972,147997,147999,148004,148007,148013,148022,148028,148031,148037,148043,148050,148053,148055,148091],[10,146270,13,146272,18],{"id":146271},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146273,146274],{},"sum()",[20,146276,9654,146277,146279,146280,25298],{},[15,146278,146274],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146281,198],{},[20,146283,146284,146285,146287],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146286,303],{}," value and a few important limits.",[42,146289,45],{"id":44},[47,146291,146293],{"className":49,"code":146292,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146294,146295,146319,146334],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146296,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146298,1594],{"class":65},[56,146300,1217],{"class":827},[56,146302,1220],{"class":76},[56,146304,529],{"class":80},[56,146306,306],{"class":76},[56,146308,414],{"class":80},[56,146310,306],{"class":76},[56,146312,419],{"class":80},[56,146314,306],{"class":76},[56,146316,424],{"class":80},[56,146318,427],{"class":76},[56,146320,146321,146323,146325,146328,146330,146332],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146322,41693],{"class":65},[56,146324,1217],{"class":827},[56,146326,146327],{"class":72}," sum",[56,146329,77],{"class":76},[56,146331,1618],{"class":95},[56,146333,99],{"class":76},[56,146335,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146337,373],{"class":72},[56,146339,77],{"class":76},[56,146341,41722],{"class":95},[56,146343,4202],{"class":76},[56,146345,27325],{"class":112},[20,146347,2638,146348,146350],{},[15,146349,146274],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[42,146352,160,146354,163],{"id":146353},"what-sum-does",[15,146355,146274],{},[20,146357,146358,146360],{},[15,146359,146274],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146362,146363],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[173,146365,146366,146369,146372,146377],{},[176,146367,146368],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[176,146370,146371],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[176,146373,146374,146375],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146376,17],{},[176,146378,146379,146380,146382],{},"Counting ",[15,146381,4146],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146384,146385],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[42,146387,2702],{"id":2701},[47,146389,146391],{"className":49,"code":146390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146392,146393],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146394,146395,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146396,146397],{"class":72},"sum",[56,146399,77],{"class":76},[56,146401,4261],{"class":95},[56,146403,306],{"class":76},[56,146405,36576],{"class":9707},[56,146407,1217],{"class":827},[56,146409,152],{"class":80},[56,146411,99],{"class":76},[173,146413,146414,146419,146424],{},[176,146415,146416,146418],{},[15,146417,4261],{}," is the group of values to add",[176,146420,146421,146423],{},[15,146422,303],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[176,146425,146426,146427],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146428,146429],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146431,146432,146433,146436,146437,156],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146434,146435,4261],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[264,146438,146439,2339],{"href":36713},[15,146440,17],{},[42,146442,12008],{"id":12007},[20,146444,146445],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[47,146447,146449],{"className":49,"code":146448,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146450,146451,146471,146485,146489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146452,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146454,1594],{"class":65},[56,146456,1217],{"class":827},[56,146458,1220],{"class":76},[56,146460,81],{"class":80},[56,146462,306],{"class":76},[56,146464,534],{"class":80},[56,146466,306],{"class":76},[56,146468,38448],{"class":80},[56,146470,427],{"class":76},[56,146472,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146474,41693],{"class":65},[56,146476,1217],{"class":827},[56,146478,146327],{"class":72},[56,146480,77],{"class":76},[56,146482,1618],{"class":95},[56,146484,99],{"class":76},[56,146486,146487],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146488,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,146492,373],{"class":72},[56,146494,77],{"class":76},[56,146496,41722],{"class":95},[56,146498,99],{"class":76},[20,146500,239],{},[47,146502,146503],{"className":49,"code":70336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146504,146505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146506,146507],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146508,70336],{"class":80},[20,146510,12217],{},[173,146512,146513,146518,146524],{},[176,146514,146515,146517],{},[15,146516,1618],{}," contains three integers",[176,146519,146520,146523],{},[15,146521,146522],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[176,146525,146526,146527],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146528,41722],{},[42,146530,37126,146532,8963],{"id":146531},"using-the-start-value",[15,146533,303],{},[20,146535,146536],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[47,146538,146540],{"className":49,"code":146539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146541,146542,146562,146580,146584],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146543,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146545,1594],{"class":65},[56,146547,1217],{"class":827},[56,146549,1220],{"class":76},[56,146551,529],{"class":80},[56,146553,306],{"class":76},[56,146555,414],{"class":80},[56,146557,306],{"class":76},[56,146559,419],{"class":80},[56,146561,427],{"class":76},[56,146563,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146565,41693],{"class":65},[56,146567,1217],{"class":827},[56,146569,146327],{"class":72},[56,146571,77],{"class":76},[56,146573,1618],{"class":95},[56,146575,306],{"class":76},[56,146577,534],{"class":80},[56,146579,99],{"class":76},[56,146581,146582],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146583,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,146585,146586,146588,146590,146592],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,146587,373],{"class":72},[56,146589,77],{"class":76},[56,146591,41722],{"class":95},[56,146593,99],{"class":76},[20,146595,239],{},[47,146597,146599],{"className":49,"code":146598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"16\n",[15,146600,146601],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146602,146603],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146604,146598],{"class":80},[20,146606,146607],{},"This works like:",[173,146609,146610,146615,146620,146624],{},[176,146611,146612,146613],{},"Start at ",[15,146614,2291],{},[176,146616,146617,146618],{},"Add ",[15,146619,529],{},[176,146621,146617,146622],{},[15,146623,463],{},[176,146625,146617,146626],{},[15,146627,223],{},[20,146629,146630],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[42,146632,160,146634,146636],{"id":146633},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146635,146274],{}," can work with",[20,146638,146639,146641],{},[15,146640,146274],{}," works with numeric values.",[353,146643,40936],{"id":40935},[47,146645,146647],{"className":49,"code":146646,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146648,146649,146673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146650,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146652,4364],{"class":65},[56,146654,1217],{"class":827},[56,146656,1220],{"class":76},[56,146658,529],{"class":80},[56,146660,306],{"class":76},[56,146662,414],{"class":80},[56,146664,306],{"class":76},[56,146666,419],{"class":80},[56,146668,306],{"class":76},[56,146670,424],{"class":80},[56,146672,427],{"class":76},[56,146674,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146676,373],{"class":72},[56,146678,77],{"class":76},[56,146680,146397],{"class":72},[56,146682,77],{"class":76},[56,146684,5898],{"class":95},[56,146686,1635],{"class":76},[20,146688,239],{},[47,146690,146691],{"className":49,"code":2921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146692,146693],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146694,146695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146696,2921],{"class":80},[353,146698,146699],{"id":52547},"Floats",[47,146701,146703],{"className":49,"code":146702,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146704,146705,146727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146706,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146720,146722,146725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146708,83535],{"class":65},[56,146710,1217],{"class":827},[56,146712,1220],{"class":76},[56,146714,41669],{"class":80},[56,146716,306],{"class":76},[56,146718,146719],{"class":80}," 3.75",[56,146721,306],{"class":76},[56,146723,146724],{"class":80}," 1.25",[56,146726,427],{"class":76},[56,146728,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146730,373],{"class":72},[56,146732,77],{"class":76},[56,146734,146397],{"class":72},[56,146736,77],{"class":76},[56,146738,83571],{"class":95},[56,146740,1635],{"class":76},[20,146742,239],{},[47,146744,146746],{"className":49,"code":146745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.5\n",[15,146747,146748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146749,146750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146751,146745],{"class":80},[20,146753,146754,146755,156],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[264,146756,146757],{"href":2964},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[353,146759,146761,146762],{"id":146760},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146763,17],{},[47,146765,146767],{"className":49,"code":146766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146768,146769],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146770,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146772,373],{"class":72},[56,146774,77],{"class":76},[56,146776,146397],{"class":72},[56,146778,77],{"class":76},[56,146780,198],{"class":72},[56,146782,77],{"class":76},[56,146784,529],{"class":80},[56,146786,306],{"class":76},[56,146788,468],{"class":80},[56,146790,390],{"class":76},[20,146792,239],{},[47,146794,146795],{"className":49,"code":47546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146796,146797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146798,146799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146800,47546],{"class":80},[20,146802,113844,146803,156],{},[15,146804,146805],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[353,146807,146809],{"id":146808},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146811,146812,146813,146815,146816,4935,146818,146815,146820,156],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146814,4146],{}," acts like ",[15,146817,529],{},[15,146819,4215],{},[15,146821,152],{},[47,146823,146825],{"className":49,"code":146824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146826,146827,146851],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146828,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146830,52467],{"class":65},[56,146832,1217],{"class":827},[56,146834,1220],{"class":76},[56,146836,4146],{"class":4393},[56,146838,306],{"class":76},[56,146840,4446],{"class":4393},[56,146842,306],{"class":76},[56,146844,4455],{"class":4393},[56,146846,306],{"class":76},[56,146848,4455],{"class":4393},[56,146850,427],{"class":76},[56,146852,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146854,373],{"class":72},[56,146856,77],{"class":76},[56,146858,146397],{"class":72},[56,146860,77],{"class":76},[56,146862,52520],{"class":95},[56,146864,1635],{"class":76},[20,146866,239],{},[47,146868,146869],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146870,146871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146872,146873],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146874,47123],{"class":80},[20,146876,146877,146878,156],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146879,4146],{},[42,146881,160,146883,146885],{"id":146882},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146884,146274],{}," does not work with",[20,146887,146888,146890],{},[15,146889,146274],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[353,146892,146894],{"id":146893},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146896,924],{},[47,146898,146900],{"className":49,"code":146899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146901,146902,146926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146903,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146905,4610],{"class":65},[56,146907,1217],{"class":827},[56,146909,1220],{"class":76},[56,146911,1017],{"class":1016},[56,146913,4386],{"class":1020},[56,146915,1017],{"class":1016},[56,146917,306],{"class":76},[56,146919,1231],{"class":1016},[56,146921,61090],{"class":1020},[56,146923,1017],{"class":1016},[56,146925,427],{"class":76},[56,146927,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146929,373],{"class":72},[56,146931,77],{"class":76},[56,146933,146397],{"class":72},[56,146935,77],{"class":76},[56,146937,4654],{"class":95},[56,146939,1635],{"class":76},[20,146941,146942],{},"Use string joining instead:",[47,146944,146946],{"className":49,"code":146945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146947,146948,146972],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146949,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146951,4610],{"class":65},[56,146953,1217],{"class":827},[56,146955,1220],{"class":76},[56,146957,1017],{"class":1016},[56,146959,4386],{"class":1020},[56,146961,1017],{"class":1016},[56,146963,306],{"class":76},[56,146965,1231],{"class":1016},[56,146967,61090],{"class":1020},[56,146969,1017],{"class":1016},[56,146971,427],{"class":76},[56,146973,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,146975,373],{"class":72},[56,146977,77],{"class":76},[56,146979,6807],{"class":1016},[56,146981,156],{"class":76},[56,146983,133799],{"class":95},[56,146985,77],{"class":76},[56,146987,4654],{"class":95},[56,146989,1635],{"class":76},[20,146991,239],{},[47,146993,146995],{"className":49,"code":146994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"helloworld\n",[15,146996,146997],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146998,146999],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147000,146994],{"class":65},[20,147002,147003,147004,156],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[264,147005,147006,6322],{"href":42684},[15,147007,48188],{},[353,147009,147011],{"id":147010},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147013,147014],{},"This also causes an error:",[47,147016,147018],{"className":49,"code":147017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147019,147020,147047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147021,147022,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147023,147024],{"class":65},"lists ",[56,147026,1217],{"class":827},[56,147028,56793],{"class":76},[56,147030,529],{"class":80},[56,147032,306],{"class":76},[56,147034,414],{"class":80},[56,147036,18597],{"class":76},[56,147038,1220],{"class":76},[56,147040,223],{"class":80},[56,147042,306],{"class":76},[56,147044,424],{"class":80},[56,147046,53744],{"class":76},[56,147048,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147050,373],{"class":72},[56,147052,77],{"class":76},[56,147054,146397],{"class":72},[56,147056,77],{"class":76},[56,147058,5839],{"class":95},[56,147060,1635],{"class":76},[20,147062,147063,147065],{},[15,147064,146274],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[353,147067,147069],{"id":147068},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147071,1584],{},[47,147073,147075],{"className":49,"code":147074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147076,147077,147101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147078,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147080,4364],{"class":65},[56,147082,1217],{"class":827},[56,147084,1220],{"class":76},[56,147086,529],{"class":80},[56,147088,306],{"class":76},[56,147090,414],{"class":80},[56,147092,306],{"class":76},[56,147094,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147096,223],{"class":1020},[56,147098,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147100,427],{"class":76},[56,147102,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147104,373],{"class":72},[56,147106,77],{"class":76},[56,147108,146397],{"class":72},[56,147110,77],{"class":76},[56,147112,5898],{"class":95},[56,147114,1635],{"class":76},[20,147116,147117],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147119,147120,147121,147123,147124,156],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147122,66443],{},", convert them first. See ",[264,147125,3505],{"href":3504},[42,147127,42015],{"id":42014},[20,147129,147130,147131,156],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147132,146274],{},[353,147134,7055],{"id":7054},[20,147136,5066],{},[47,147138,147140],{"className":49,"code":147139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147141,147142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147143,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147145,373],{"class":72},[56,147147,77],{"class":76},[56,147149,146397],{"class":72},[56,147151,77],{"class":76},[56,147153,81],{"class":80},[56,147155,1635],{"class":76},[20,147157,147158],{},"Why it fails:",[173,147160,147161,147166],{},[176,147162,147163,147165],{},[15,147164,81],{}," is a single integer",[176,147167,147168,147170],{},[15,147169,146274],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147172,7085],{},[47,147174,147176],{"className":49,"code":147175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147177,147178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147179,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147181,373],{"class":72},[56,147183,77],{"class":76},[56,147185,146397],{"class":72},[56,147187,3528],{"class":76},[56,147189,81],{"class":80},[56,147191,3541],{"class":76},[20,147193,239],{},[47,147195,147196],{"className":49,"code":3490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,147197,147198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147199,147200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147201,3490],{"class":80},[353,147203,147205],{"id":147204},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147207,5066],{},[47,147209,147211],{"className":49,"code":147210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147212,147213,147245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147214,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147216,4364],{"class":65},[56,147218,1217],{"class":827},[56,147220,1220],{"class":76},[56,147222,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147224,529],{"class":1020},[56,147226,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147228,306],{"class":76},[56,147230,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147232,463],{"class":1020},[56,147234,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147236,306],{"class":76},[56,147238,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147240,223],{"class":1020},[56,147242,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147244,427],{"class":76},[56,147246,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147248,373],{"class":72},[56,147250,77],{"class":76},[56,147252,146397],{"class":72},[56,147254,77],{"class":76},[56,147256,5898],{"class":95},[56,147258,1635],{"class":76},[20,147260,147261],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[47,147263,147265],{"className":49,"code":147264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147266,147267,147299,147327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147268,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147270,4364],{"class":65},[56,147272,1217],{"class":827},[56,147274,1220],{"class":76},[56,147276,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147278,529],{"class":1020},[56,147280,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147282,306],{"class":76},[56,147284,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147286,463],{"class":1020},[56,147288,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147290,306],{"class":76},[56,147292,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147294,223],{"class":1020},[56,147296,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147298,427],{"class":76},[56,147300,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147302,41693],{"class":65},[56,147304,1217],{"class":827},[56,147306,146327],{"class":72},[56,147308,77],{"class":76},[56,147310,2734],{"class":378},[56,147312,77],{"class":76},[56,147314,2719],{"class":95},[56,147316,4202],{"class":76},[56,147318,4418],{"class":62},[56,147320,4421],{"class":95},[56,147322,69],{"class":62},[56,147324,4426],{"class":95},[56,147326,99],{"class":76},[56,147328,147329,147331,147333,147335],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147330,373],{"class":72},[56,147332,77],{"class":76},[56,147334,41722],{"class":95},[56,147336,99],{"class":76},[20,147338,239],{},[47,147340,147341],{"className":49,"code":3198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,147342,147343],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147344,147345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147346,3198],{"class":80},[20,147348,147349],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[353,147351,147353],{"id":147352},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147355,5066],{},[47,147357,147359],{"className":49,"code":147358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147360,147361,147389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147362,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147364,4364],{"class":65},[56,147366,1217],{"class":827},[56,147368,1220],{"class":76},[56,147370,529],{"class":80},[56,147372,306],{"class":76},[56,147374,414],{"class":80},[56,147376,306],{"class":76},[56,147378,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147380,223],{"class":1020},[56,147382,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147384,306],{"class":76},[56,147386,424],{"class":80},[56,147388,427],{"class":76},[56,147390,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147392,373],{"class":72},[56,147394,77],{"class":76},[56,147396,146397],{"class":72},[56,147398,77],{"class":76},[56,147400,5898],{"class":95},[56,147402,1635],{"class":76},[20,147404,147405],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[47,147407,147409],{"className":49,"code":147408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147410,147411,147439,147467],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147412,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147414,4364],{"class":65},[56,147416,1217],{"class":827},[56,147418,1220],{"class":76},[56,147420,529],{"class":80},[56,147422,306],{"class":76},[56,147424,414],{"class":80},[56,147426,306],{"class":76},[56,147428,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147430,223],{"class":1020},[56,147432,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147434,306],{"class":76},[56,147436,424],{"class":80},[56,147438,427],{"class":76},[56,147440,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147442,41693],{"class":65},[56,147444,1217],{"class":827},[56,147446,146327],{"class":72},[56,147448,77],{"class":76},[56,147450,2734],{"class":378},[56,147452,77],{"class":76},[56,147454,2719],{"class":95},[56,147456,4202],{"class":76},[56,147458,4418],{"class":62},[56,147460,4421],{"class":95},[56,147462,69],{"class":62},[56,147464,4426],{"class":95},[56,147466,99],{"class":76},[56,147468,147469,147471,147473,147475],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147470,373],{"class":72},[56,147472,77],{"class":76},[56,147474,41722],{"class":95},[56,147476,99],{"class":76},[20,147478,239],{},[47,147480,147481],{"className":49,"code":2921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,147482,147483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147484,147485],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147486,2921],{"class":80},[353,147488,958,147490,147492],{"id":147489},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147491,146274],{}," to join text",[20,147494,5066],{},[47,147496,147498],{"className":49,"code":147497,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147499,147500,147556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147501,147502,147504,147506,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520,147522,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147503,36614],{"class":65},[56,147505,1217],{"class":827},[56,147507,1220],{"class":76},[56,147509,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147511,134398],{"class":1020},[56,147513,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147515,306],{"class":76},[56,147517,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147519,12279],{"class":1020},[56,147521,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147523,306],{"class":76},[56,147525,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147527,63785],{"class":1020},[56,147529,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147531,306],{"class":76},[56,147533,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147535,60937],{"class":1020},[56,147537,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147539,306],{"class":76},[56,147541,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147543,60972],{"class":1020},[56,147545,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147547,306],{"class":76},[56,147549,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147551,76524],{"class":1020},[56,147553,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147555,427],{"class":76},[56,147557,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147559,373],{"class":72},[56,147561,77],{"class":76},[56,147563,146397],{"class":72},[56,147565,77],{"class":76},[56,147567,36666],{"class":95},[56,147569,1635],{"class":76},[20,147571,2638,147572,61031],{},[15,147573,133722],{},[47,147575,147577],{"className":49,"code":147576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147578,147579,147635],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147580,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147582,36614],{"class":65},[56,147584,1217],{"class":827},[56,147586,1220],{"class":76},[56,147588,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147590,134398],{"class":1020},[56,147592,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147594,306],{"class":76},[56,147596,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147598,12279],{"class":1020},[56,147600,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147602,306],{"class":76},[56,147604,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147606,63785],{"class":1020},[56,147608,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147610,306],{"class":76},[56,147612,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147614,60937],{"class":1020},[56,147616,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147618,306],{"class":76},[56,147620,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147622,60972],{"class":1020},[56,147624,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147626,306],{"class":76},[56,147628,1231],{"class":1016},[56,147630,76524],{"class":1020},[56,147632,1017],{"class":1016},[56,147634,427],{"class":76},[56,147636,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147638,373],{"class":72},[56,147640,77],{"class":76},[56,147642,6807],{"class":1016},[56,147644,156],{"class":76},[56,147646,133799],{"class":95},[56,147648,77],{"class":76},[56,147650,36666],{"class":95},[56,147652,1635],{"class":76},[20,147654,239],{},[47,147656,147657],{"className":49,"code":134479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,147658,147659],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147660,147661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147662,134479],{"class":65},[20,147664,147665,147666,156],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[264,147667,147668],{"href":135560},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[42,147670,147672,147674],{"id":147671},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147673,146274],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147676,147677,147679],{},[15,147678,146274],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[353,147681,958,147683],{"id":147682},"using-sum",[15,147684,146274],{},[47,147686,147688],{"className":49,"code":147687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147689,147690,147710,147724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147691,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706,147708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147693,1594],{"class":65},[56,147695,1217],{"class":827},[56,147697,1220],{"class":76},[56,147699,1603],{"class":80},[56,147701,306],{"class":76},[56,147703,566],{"class":80},[56,147705,306],{"class":76},[56,147707,571],{"class":80},[56,147709,427],{"class":76},[56,147711,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147713,41693],{"class":65},[56,147715,1217],{"class":827},[56,147717,146327],{"class":72},[56,147719,77],{"class":76},[56,147721,1618],{"class":95},[56,147723,99],{"class":76},[56,147725,147726,147728,147730,147732],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147727,373],{"class":72},[56,147729,77],{"class":76},[56,147731,41722],{"class":95},[56,147733,99],{"class":76},[353,147735,147737],{"id":147736},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[47,147739,147741],{"className":49,"code":147740,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147742,147743,147763,147771,147775,147787,147795,147799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147744,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147746,1594],{"class":65},[56,147748,1217],{"class":827},[56,147750,1220],{"class":76},[56,147752,1603],{"class":80},[56,147754,306],{"class":76},[56,147756,566],{"class":80},[56,147758,306],{"class":76},[56,147760,571],{"class":80},[56,147762,427],{"class":76},[56,147764,147765,147767,147769],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147766,41693],{"class":65},[56,147768,1217],{"class":827},[56,147770,1048],{"class":80},[56,147772,147773],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147774,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,147776,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,147778,31],{"class":62},[56,147780,214],{"class":65},[56,147782,69],{"class":62},[56,147784,4804],{"class":65},[56,147786,1390],{"class":76},[56,147788,147789,147791,147793],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,147790,90594],{"class":65},[56,147792,90597],{"class":827},[56,147794,90600],{"class":65},[56,147796,147797],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,147798,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,147800,147801,147803,147805,147807],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,147802,373],{"class":72},[56,147804,77],{"class":76},[56,147806,41722],{"class":95},[56,147808,99],{"class":76},[20,147810,147811],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147813,3033,147814,147816],{},[15,147815,146274],{}," is often better:",[173,147818,147819,147822,147825],{},[176,147820,147821],{},"Shorter code",[176,147823,147824],{},"Easier to read",[176,147826,147827],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147829,147830],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[173,147832,147833,147836,147839],{},[176,147834,147835],{},"You need to skip some values",[176,147837,147838],{},"You need extra checks",[176,147840,147841],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147843,147844,147845,147848,147849,147851],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[264,147846,147847],{"href":40519},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147850,146274],{}," on the filtered result.",[42,147853,3374],{"id":3373},[20,147855,147856,147857,1045],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147858,146274],{},[173,147860,147861,147867,147874,147881],{},[176,147862,147863,147864],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147865,147866],{},"sum(5)",[176,147868,147869,147870,147873],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147871,147872],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[176,147875,958,147876,147878,147879],{},[15,147877,146274],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147880,133722],{},[176,147882,147883],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147885,2211,147886,147888],{},[15,147887,146274],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[47,147890,147892],{"className":49,"code":147891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147893,147894,147904,147918,147942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147895,147896,147898,147900,147902],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147897,373],{"class":72},[56,147899,77],{"class":76},[56,147901,5898],{"class":95},[56,147903,99],{"class":76},[56,147905,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,147907,373],{"class":72},[56,147909,77],{"class":76},[56,147911,2312],{"class":378},[56,147913,77],{"class":76},[56,147915,5898],{"class":95},[56,147917,1635],{"class":76},[56,147919,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147921,373],{"class":72},[56,147923,3528],{"class":76},[56,147925,2312],{"class":378},[56,147927,77],{"class":76},[56,147929,2719],{"class":95},[56,147931,4202],{"class":76},[56,147933,4418],{"class":62},[56,147935,4421],{"class":95},[56,147937,69],{"class":62},[56,147939,4426],{"class":95},[56,147941,1294],{"class":76},[56,147943,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958,147960,147962,147964,147966,147968],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,147945,373],{"class":72},[56,147947,77],{"class":76},[56,147949,146397],{"class":72},[56,147951,3528],{"class":76},[56,147953,2734],{"class":378},[56,147955,77],{"class":76},[56,147957,2719],{"class":95},[56,147959,4202],{"class":76},[56,147961,4418],{"class":62},[56,147963,4421],{"class":95},[56,147965,69],{"class":62},[56,147967,4426],{"class":95},[56,147969,3541],{"class":76},[20,147971,136293],{},[173,147973,147974,147980,147986,147991],{},[176,147975,147976,147979],{},[15,147977,147978],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[176,147981,147982,147985],{},[15,147983,147984],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[176,147987,147988,136315],{},[15,147989,147990],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[176,147992,147993,147996],{},[15,147994,147995],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[42,147998,2343],{"id":2342},[353,148000,5682,148002,5685],{"id":148001},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148003,146274],{},[20,148005,148006],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[353,148008,2372,148010,148012],{"id":148009},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148011,146274],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148014,30800,148015,3422,148018,148021],{},[15,148016,148017],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148019,148020],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[353,148023,2372,148025,148027],{"id":148024},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148026,146274],{}," work with floats?",[20,148029,148030],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[353,148032,148034,148035,2363],{"id":148033},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148036,146274],{},[20,148038,148039,148040,148042],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148041,303],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[353,148044,2357,148046,119678,148048,2363],{"id":148045},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148047,146274],{},[15,148049,3547],{},[20,148051,148052],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[42,148054,2417],{"id":2416},[173,148056,148057,148061,148067,148073,148079,148083,148087],{},[176,148058,148059],{},[264,148060,146757],{"href":2964},[176,148062,148063],{},[264,148064,13,148065,2430],{"href":36713},[15,148066,17],{},[176,148068,148069],{},[264,148070,13,148071,2430],{"href":1328},[15,148072,1331],{},[176,148074,148075],{},[264,148076,13,148077,2430],{"href":42684},[15,148078,48188],{},[176,148080,148081],{},[264,148082,5760],{"href":40519},[176,148084,148085],{},[264,148086,4069],{"href":3504},[176,148088,148089],{},[264,148090,147668],{"href":135560},[2451,148092,148093],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":148095},[148096,148097,148099,148100,148101,148103,148111,148117,148124,148130,148131,148143],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":146353,"depth":87,"text":148098},"What sum() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":146531,"depth":87,"text":148102},"Using the start value",{"id":146633,"depth":87,"text":148104,"children":148105},"What sum() can work with",[148106,148107,148108,148110],{"id":40935,"depth":102,"text":40936},{"id":52547,"depth":102,"text":146699},{"id":146760,"depth":102,"text":148109},"Values from range()",{"id":146808,"depth":102,"text":146809},{"id":146882,"depth":87,"text":148112,"children":148113},"What sum() does not work with",[148114,148115,148116],{"id":146893,"depth":102,"text":146894},{"id":147010,"depth":102,"text":147011},{"id":147068,"depth":102,"text":147069},{"id":42014,"depth":87,"text":42015,"children":148118},[148119,148120,148121,148122],{"id":7054,"depth":102,"text":7055},{"id":147204,"depth":102,"text":147205},{"id":147352,"depth":102,"text":147353},{"id":147489,"depth":102,"text":148123},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147671,"depth":87,"text":148125,"children":148126},"sum() vs manual loop",[148127,148129],{"id":147682,"depth":102,"text":148128},"Using sum()",{"id":147736,"depth":102,"text":147737},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":148132},[148133,148135,148137,148139,148141],{"id":148001,"depth":102,"text":148134},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148009,"depth":102,"text":148136},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148024,"depth":102,"text":148138},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148033,"depth":102,"text":148140},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148045,"depth":102,"text":148142},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146266,"description":148144},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148151,"title":148152,"body":148153,"description":149555,"extension":2509,"meta":149556,"navigation":105,"path":149557,"seo":149558,"stem":149559,"__hash__":149560},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148154,"toc":149523},[148155,148161,148167,148170,148233,148239,148244,148248,148265,148279,148283,148303,148317,148319,148412,148414,148428,148430,148433,148522,148524,148532,148541,148543,148547,148568,148570,148662,148664,148685,148687,148691,148705,148707,148781,148783,148802,148806,148809,148832,148834,148945,148952,148960,148962,148968,148971,149014,149017,149040,149048,149052,149127,149133,149158,149165,149168,149171,149175,149180,149268,149276,149280,149283,149308,149312,149373,149377,149426,149436,149438,149443,149446,149452,149455,149459,149463,149469,149472,149480,149488,149490,149520],[10,148156,148158,148159,11854],{"id":148157},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148160,57790],{},[20,148162,148163,148166],{},[15,148164,148165],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148168,148169],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[47,148171,148173],{"className":49,"code":148172,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148174,148175,148203,148221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148176,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148178,1594],{"class":65},[56,148180,1217],{"class":827},[56,148182,9768],{"class":76},[56,148184,529],{"class":80},[56,148186,306],{"class":76},[56,148188,414],{"class":80},[56,148190,306],{"class":76},[56,148192,414],{"class":80},[56,148194,306],{"class":76},[56,148196,419],{"class":80},[56,148198,306],{"class":76},[56,148200,414],{"class":80},[56,148202,99],{"class":76},[56,148204,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,148206,2775],{"class":65},[56,148208,1217],{"class":827},[56,148210,4804],{"class":65},[56,148212,156],{"class":76},[56,148214,41770],{"class":95},[56,148216,77],{"class":76},[56,148218,463],{"class":80},[56,148220,99],{"class":76},[56,148222,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148224,373],{"class":72},[56,148226,77],{"class":76},[56,148228,2809],{"class":95},[56,148230,4202],{"class":76},[56,148232,51271],{"class":112},[20,148234,2638,148235,148238],{},[15,148236,148237],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[42,148240,160,148242,163],{"id":148241},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148243,148165],{},[20,148245,148246,1045],{},[15,148247,148237],{},[173,148249,148250,148256,148259,148262],{},[176,148251,148252,148253,148255],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148254,3017],{}," appears in the tuple",[176,148257,148258],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[176,148260,148261],{},"Returns an integer",[176,148263,148264],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148266,148267,148268,148270,148271,3422,148275,156],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148269,57790],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[264,148272,148274],{"href":148273},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[264,148276,148278],{"href":148277},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[42,148280,148282],{"id":148281},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[47,148284,148286],{"className":49,"code":148285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148287,148288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148289,148290,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148291,148292],{"class":65},"my_tuple",[56,148294,156],{"class":76},[56,148296,41770],{"class":95},[56,148298,77],{"class":76},[56,148300,3017],{"class":95},[56,148302,99],{"class":76},[173,148304,148305,148309,148312],{},[176,148306,148307,57955],{},[15,148308,3017],{},[176,148310,148311],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[176,148313,148314,148315],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148316,152],{},[353,148318,103393],{"id":103392},[47,148320,148322],{"className":49,"code":148321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148323,148324,148364,148388],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148325,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148327,13609],{"class":65},[56,148329,1217],{"class":827},[56,148331,9768],{"class":76},[56,148333,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148335,13626],{"class":1020},[56,148337,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148339,306],{"class":76},[56,148341,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148343,13643],{"class":1020},[56,148345,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148347,306],{"class":76},[56,148349,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148351,13626],{"class":1020},[56,148353,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148355,306],{"class":76},[56,148357,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148359,17990],{"class":1020},[56,148361,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148363,99],{"class":76},[56,148365,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,148367,373],{"class":72},[56,148369,77],{"class":76},[56,148371,18037],{"class":95},[56,148373,156],{"class":76},[56,148375,41770],{"class":95},[56,148377,77],{"class":76},[56,148379,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148381,13626],{"class":1020},[56,148383,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148385,5901],{"class":76},[56,148387,58145],{"class":112},[56,148389,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148391,373],{"class":72},[56,148393,77],{"class":76},[56,148395,18037],{"class":95},[56,148397,156],{"class":76},[56,148399,41770],{"class":95},[56,148401,77],{"class":76},[56,148403,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148405,23060],{"class":1020},[56,148407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148409,5901],{"class":76},[56,148411,51748],{"class":112},[20,148413,20492],{},[173,148415,148416,148421],{},[176,148417,148418,148420],{},[15,148419,65890],{}," appears 2 times",[176,148422,148423,148425,148426],{},[15,148424,110089],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148427,152],{},[42,148429,12008],{"id":12007},[20,148431,148432],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[47,148434,148436],{"className":49,"code":148435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148437,148438,148486,148490,148512],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148439,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148441,36756],{"class":65},[56,148443,1217],{"class":827},[56,148445,9768],{"class":76},[56,148447,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148449,4619],{"class":1020},[56,148451,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148453,306],{"class":76},[56,148455,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148457,4628],{"class":1020},[56,148459,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148461,306],{"class":76},[56,148463,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148465,4619],{"class":1020},[56,148467,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148469,306],{"class":76},[56,148471,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148473,33751],{"class":1020},[56,148475,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148477,306],{"class":76},[56,148479,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148481,4619],{"class":1020},[56,148483,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148485,99],{"class":76},[56,148487,148488],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,148489,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,148491,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148493,2775],{"class":65},[56,148495,1217],{"class":827},[56,148497,53353],{"class":65},[56,148499,156],{"class":76},[56,148501,41770],{"class":95},[56,148503,77],{"class":76},[56,148505,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148507,4619],{"class":1020},[56,148509,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148511,99],{"class":76},[56,148513,148514,148516,148518,148520],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,148515,373],{"class":72},[56,148517,77],{"class":76},[56,148519,2809],{"class":95},[56,148521,99],{"class":76},[20,148523,239],{},[47,148525,148526],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,148527,148528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148529,148530],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148531,47123],{"class":80},[20,148533,148534,148536,148537,2942,148539,156],{},[15,148535,58333],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148538,57790],{},[15,148540,223],{},[42,148542,38532],{"id":38531},[20,148544,58044,148545,129028],{},[15,148546,57790],{},[173,148548,148549,148554,148559,148562],{},[176,148550,11956,148551,148553],{},[15,148552,152],{}," when the value does not exist",[176,148555,11956,148556,148558],{},[15,148557,529],{}," when the value appears once",[176,148560,148561],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[176,148563,148564,148565,148567],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148566,7529],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148569,986],{},[47,148571,148573],{"className":49,"code":148572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148574,148575,148616,148620,148647],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148576,148577,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148578,148579],{"class":65},"answers ",[56,148581,1217],{"class":827},[56,148583,9768],{"class":76},[56,148585,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148587,9189],{"class":1020},[56,148589,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148591,306],{"class":76},[56,148593,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148595,9128],{"class":1020},[56,148597,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148599,306],{"class":76},[56,148601,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148603,9189],{"class":1020},[56,148605,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148607,306],{"class":76},[56,148609,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148611,9189],{"class":1020},[56,148613,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148615,99],{"class":76},[56,148617,148618],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,148619,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,148621,148622,148624,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148623,7529],{"class":62},[56,148625,148626],{"class":65}," answers",[56,148628,156],{"class":76},[56,148630,41770],{"class":95},[56,148632,77],{"class":76},[56,148634,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148636,9189],{"class":1020},[56,148638,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148640,4202],{"class":76},[56,148642,38907],{"class":827},[56,148644,409],{"class":80},[56,148646,1390],{"class":76},[56,148648,148649,148651,148653,148655,148658,148660],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,148650,90],{"class":72},[56,148652,77],{"class":76},[56,148654,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148656,148657],{"class":1020},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[56,148659,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148661,99],{"class":76},[20,148663,239],{},[47,148665,148667],{"className":49,"code":148666,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148668,148669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148670,148671,148674,148676,148678,148680,148683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148672,148673],{"class":65},"The answer ",[56,148675,3844],{"class":1016},[56,148677,9189],{"class":1020},[56,148679,3844],{"class":1016},[56,148681,148682],{"class":65}," appears more than once",[56,148684,122672],{"class":76},[42,148686,41556],{"id":41555},[20,148688,35935,148689,104856],{},[15,148690,148165],{},[173,148692,148693,148696,148699,148702],{},[176,148694,148695],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[176,148697,148698],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[176,148700,148701],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[176,148703,148704],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148706,986],{},[47,148708,148710],{"className":49,"code":148709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148711,148712,148740,148744,148766],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148713,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148715,5603],{"class":65},[56,148717,1217],{"class":827},[56,148719,9768],{"class":76},[56,148721,2291],{"class":80},[56,148723,306],{"class":76},[56,148725,8323],{"class":80},[56,148727,306],{"class":76},[56,148729,534],{"class":80},[56,148731,306],{"class":76},[56,148733,8328],{"class":80},[56,148735,306],{"class":76},[56,148737,534],{"class":80},[56,148739,99],{"class":76},[56,148741,148742],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,148743,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,148745,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148747,7529],{"class":62},[56,148749,5650],{"class":65},[56,148751,156],{"class":76},[56,148753,41770],{"class":95},[56,148755,77],{"class":76},[56,148757,2291],{"class":80},[56,148759,4202],{"class":76},[56,148761,51789],{"class":827},[56,148763,414],{"class":80},[56,148765,1390],{"class":76},[56,148767,148768,148770,148772,148774,148777,148779],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,148769,90],{"class":72},[56,148771,77],{"class":76},[56,148773,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148775,148776],{"class":1020},"The score 10 is repeated.",[56,148778,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148780,99],{"class":76},[20,148782,239],{},[47,148784,148786],{"className":49,"code":148785,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148787,148788],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148789,148790,148793,148795,148797,148800],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148791,148792],{"class":65},"The score ",[56,148794,2291],{"class":80},[56,148796,8628],{"class":827},[56,148798,148799],{"class":65}," repeated",[56,148801,122672],{"class":76},[42,148803,148805],{"id":148804},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148807,148808],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[173,148810,148811,148817,148822,148825],{},[176,148812,148813,148814,148816],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148815,57790],{}," still works because it only reads data",[176,148818,148819,148821],{},[15,148820,57790],{}," counts exact matches",[176,148823,148824],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[176,148826,148827,4935,148829,148831],{},[15,148828,529],{},[15,148830,42667],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148833,986],{},[47,148835,148837],{"className":49,"code":148836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148838,148839,148873,148877,148897,148921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148840,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148854,148856,148858,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148842,4364],{"class":65},[56,148844,1217],{"class":827},[56,148846,9768],{"class":76},[56,148848,529],{"class":80},[56,148850,306],{"class":76},[56,148852,148853],{"class":80}," 1.0",[56,148855,306],{"class":76},[56,148857,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148859,148860],{"class":1020},"Cat",[56,148862,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148864,306],{"class":76},[56,148866,1231],{"class":1016},[56,148868,37561],{"class":1020},[56,148870,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148872,99],{"class":76},[56,148874,148875],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,148876,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,148878,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148880,373],{"class":72},[56,148882,77],{"class":76},[56,148884,5898],{"class":95},[56,148886,156],{"class":76},[56,148888,41770],{"class":95},[56,148890,77],{"class":76},[56,148892,529],{"class":80},[56,148894,5901],{"class":76},[56,148896,51595],{"class":112},[56,148898,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,148900,373],{"class":72},[56,148902,77],{"class":76},[56,148904,5898],{"class":95},[56,148906,156],{"class":76},[56,148908,41770],{"class":95},[56,148910,77],{"class":76},[56,148912,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148914,148860],{"class":1020},[56,148916,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148918,5901],{"class":76},[56,148920,28310],{"class":112},[56,148922,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,148924,373],{"class":72},[56,148926,77],{"class":76},[56,148928,5898],{"class":95},[56,148930,156],{"class":76},[56,148932,41770],{"class":95},[56,148934,77],{"class":76},[56,148936,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148938,37561],{"class":1020},[56,148940,1017],{"class":1016},[56,148942,5901],{"class":76},[56,148944,28310],{"class":112},[20,148946,2357,148947,5700,148950,2363],{},[15,148948,148949],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148951,463],{},[20,148953,9317,148954,5322,148957,148959],{},[15,148955,148956],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148958,4146],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[42,148961,3374],{"id":3373},[353,148963,958,148965,148967],{"id":148964},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148966,41770],{}," without parentheses",[20,148969,148970],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[47,148972,148974],{"className":49,"code":148973,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148975,148976,149000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148977,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148979,1594],{"class":65},[56,148981,1217],{"class":827},[56,148983,9768],{"class":76},[56,148985,529],{"class":80},[56,148987,306],{"class":76},[56,148989,414],{"class":80},[56,148991,306],{"class":76},[56,148993,414],{"class":80},[56,148995,306],{"class":76},[56,148997,419],{"class":80},[56,148999,99],{"class":76},[56,149001,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149003,373],{"class":72},[56,149005,77],{"class":76},[56,149007,1618],{"class":95},[56,149009,156],{"class":76},[56,149011,41770],{"class":25284},[56,149013,99],{"class":76},[20,149015,149016],{},"To call the method correctly:",[47,149018,149020],{"className":49,"code":149019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149021,149022],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149023,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036,149038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149025,373],{"class":72},[56,149027,77],{"class":76},[56,149029,1618],{"class":95},[56,149031,156],{"class":76},[56,149033,41770],{"class":95},[56,149035,77],{"class":76},[56,149037,463],{"class":80},[56,149039,1635],{"class":76},[353,149041,8983,149042,8986,149044,3422,149046],{"id":59093},[15,149043,57790],{},[15,149045,4146],{},[15,149047,4215],{},[20,149049,149050,59104],{},[15,149051,57790],{},[47,149053,149055],{"className":49,"code":149054,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149056,149057,149089,149111,149115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149058,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149060,36614],{"class":65},[56,149062,1217],{"class":827},[56,149064,9768],{"class":76},[56,149066,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149068,264],{"class":1020},[56,149070,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149072,306],{"class":76},[56,149074,1231],{"class":1016},[56,149076,1234],{"class":1020},[56,149078,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149080,306],{"class":76},[56,149082,1231],{"class":1016},[56,149084,264],{"class":1020},[56,149086,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149088,99],{"class":76},[56,149090,149091,149093,149095,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149092,2775],{"class":65},[56,149094,1217],{"class":827},[56,149096,70592],{"class":65},[56,149098,156],{"class":76},[56,149100,41770],{"class":95},[56,149102,77],{"class":76},[56,149104,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149106,264],{"class":1020},[56,149108,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149110,99],{"class":76},[56,149112,149113],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149114,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,149116,149117,149119,149121,149123,149125],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,149118,373],{"class":72},[56,149120,77],{"class":76},[56,149122,2809],{"class":95},[56,149124,4202],{"class":76},[56,149126,51916],{"class":112},[20,149128,149129,149130,149132],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149131,69],{}," is often simpler:",[47,149134,149136],{"className":49,"code":149135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149137,149138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149139,149140,149142,149144,149146,149148,149150,149152,149154,149156],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149141,373],{"class":72},[56,149143,77],{"class":76},[56,149145,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149147,264],{"class":1020},[56,149149,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149151,21709],{"class":62},[56,149153,70592],{"class":95},[56,149155,4202],{"class":76},[56,149157,4205],{"class":112},[353,149159,37718,149161,9236,149163],{"id":149160},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149162,148165],{},[15,149164,57795],{},[20,149166,149167],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149169,149170],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[353,149172,149174],{"id":149173},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149176,149177,149179],{},[15,149178,57790],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[47,149181,149183],{"className":49,"code":149182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149184,149185,149218,149244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149186,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149188,4610],{"class":65},[56,149190,1217],{"class":827},[56,149192,9768],{"class":76},[56,149194,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149196,4619],{"class":1020},[56,149198,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149200,306],{"class":76},[56,149202,1231],{"class":1016},[56,149204,149205],{"class":1020},"pineapple",[56,149207,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149209,306],{"class":76},[56,149211,1231],{"class":1016},[56,149213,4619],{"class":1020},[56,149215,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149217,99],{"class":76},[56,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149237,149239,149241],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149221,373],{"class":72},[56,149223,77],{"class":76},[56,149225,4654],{"class":95},[56,149227,156],{"class":76},[56,149229,41770],{"class":95},[56,149231,77],{"class":76},[56,149233,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149235,149236],{"class":1020},"app",[56,149238,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149240,5901],{"class":76},[56,149242,149243],{"class":112},"    # 0\n",[56,149245,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149247,373],{"class":72},[56,149249,77],{"class":76},[56,149251,4654],{"class":95},[56,149253,156],{"class":76},[56,149255,41770],{"class":95},[56,149257,77],{"class":76},[56,149259,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149261,4619],{"class":1020},[56,149263,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149265,5901],{"class":76},[56,149267,51916],{"class":112},[20,149269,149270,149273,149274,156],{},[15,149271,149272],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149275,152],{},[42,149277,149279],{"id":149278},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149281,149282],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[173,149284,149285,149290,149299,149305],{},[176,149286,2638,149287,149289],{},[15,149288,69],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[176,149291,2638,149292,149298],{},[264,149293,149295,149296],{"href":149294},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149297,59468],{}," to find the position of a value",[176,149300,2638,149301,149304],{},[15,149302,149303],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[176,149306,149307],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149309,46546,149310,1045],{},[15,149311,69],{},[47,149313,149315],{"className":49,"code":149314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149316,149317,149337,149341,149357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149318,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327,149329,149331,149333,149335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149320,1594],{"class":65},[56,149322,1217],{"class":827},[56,149324,9768],{"class":76},[56,149326,1603],{"class":80},[56,149328,306],{"class":76},[56,149330,566],{"class":80},[56,149332,306],{"class":76},[56,149334,571],{"class":80},[56,149336,99],{"class":76},[56,149338,149339],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149340,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,149342,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149344,373],{"class":72},[56,149346,77],{"class":76},[56,149348,2571],{"class":80},[56,149350,21709],{"class":62},[56,149352,4804],{"class":95},[56,149354,4202],{"class":76},[56,149356,44362],{"class":112},[56,149358,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,149360,373],{"class":72},[56,149362,77],{"class":76},[56,149364,81],{"class":80},[56,149366,21709],{"class":62},[56,149368,4804],{"class":95},[56,149370,4202],{"class":76},[56,149372,44379],{"class":112},[20,149374,46546,149375,1045],{},[15,149376,59468],{},[47,149378,149380],{"className":49,"code":149379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149381,149382,149406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149385,1594],{"class":65},[56,149387,1217],{"class":827},[56,149389,9768],{"class":76},[56,149391,1603],{"class":80},[56,149393,306],{"class":76},[56,149395,566],{"class":80},[56,149397,306],{"class":76},[56,149399,571],{"class":80},[56,149401,306],{"class":76},[56,149403,566],{"class":80},[56,149405,99],{"class":76},[56,149407,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422,149424],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149409,373],{"class":72},[56,149411,77],{"class":76},[56,149413,1618],{"class":95},[56,149415,156],{"class":76},[56,149417,1483],{"class":95},[56,149419,77],{"class":76},[56,149421,2571],{"class":80},[56,149423,5901],{"class":76},[56,149425,28310],{"class":112},[20,149427,149428,149430,149431,149433,149435],{},[15,149429,57790],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10378,149432],{},[15,149434,59468],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[42,149437,2343],{"id":2342},[353,149439,5682,149441,5685],{"id":149440},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149442,148165],{},[20,149444,149445],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[353,149447,2347,149449,149451],{"id":149448},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149450,148165],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149453,149454],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[353,149456,149458],{"id":149457},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149460,12445,149461,156],{},[15,149462,152],{},[353,149464,2372,149466,149468],{"id":149465},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149467,148165],{}," count strings?",[20,149470,149471],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[353,149473,5718,149475,4935,149477,2363],{"id":149474},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149476,148165],{},[15,149478,149479],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149481,149482,149484,149485,149487],{},[15,149483,57790],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149486,59468],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[42,149489,2417],{"id":2416},[173,149491,149492,149496,149501,149508,149516],{},[176,149493,149494],{},[264,149495,148274],{"href":148273},[176,149497,149498],{},[264,149499,149500],{"href":148277},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[176,149502,149503],{},[264,149504,149505,149506,11273],{"href":149294},"Python tuple ",[15,149507,59468],{},[176,149509,149510],{},[264,149511,149513,149514],{"href":149512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149515,1331],{},[176,149517,149518],{},[264,149519,59456],{"href":59455},[2451,149521,149522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":149524},[149525,149527,149530,149531,149532,149533,149534,149542,149543,149554],{"id":148241,"depth":87,"text":149526},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148281,"depth":87,"text":148282,"children":149528},[149529],{"id":103392,"depth":102,"text":103393},{"id":12007,"depth":87,"text":12008},{"id":38531,"depth":87,"text":38532},{"id":41555,"depth":87,"text":41556},{"id":148804,"depth":87,"text":148805},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":149535},[149536,149538,149539,149541],{"id":148964,"depth":102,"text":149537},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59093,"depth":102,"text":59509},{"id":149160,"depth":102,"text":149540},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149173,"depth":102,"text":149174},{"id":149278,"depth":87,"text":149279},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":149544},[149545,149547,149549,149550,149552],{"id":149440,"depth":102,"text":149546},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149448,"depth":102,"text":149548},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149457,"depth":102,"text":149458},{"id":149465,"depth":102,"text":149551},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149474,"depth":102,"text":149553},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148152,"description":149555},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149562,"title":149563,"body":149564,"description":151251,"extension":2509,"meta":151252,"navigation":105,"path":151253,"seo":151254,"stem":151255,"__hash__":151256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149565,"toc":151214},[149566,149569,149572,149581,149583,149713,149715,149776,149782,149784,149804,149808,149811,149814,149849,149851,149872,149875,149914,149916,149941,149948,149952,149955,149992,149994,150017,150020,150023,150035,150041,150045,150048,150054,150095,150097,150120,150123,150164,150166,150193,150195,150212,150214,150231,150234,150238,150241,150243,150277,150279,150326,150330,150369,150373,150376,150433,150435,150476,150482,150488,150493,150495,150532,150534,150554,150556,150589,150591,150624,150627,150631,150664,150666,150691,150694,150696,150710,150717,150719,150722,150726,150729,150764,150767,150802,150806,150809,150848,150851,150890,150894,150896,150926,150929,150936,150938,150970,150973,151005,151008,151039,151041,151058,151062,151065,151129,151131,151135,151142,151146,151149,151153,151156,151160,151163,151168,151174,151176,151211],[10,149567,149563],{"id":149568},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149570,149571],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149573,149574,149575,3422,149579,156],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[264,149576,149578],{"href":149577},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[264,149580,148274],{"href":148273},[42,149582,45],{"id":44},[47,149584,149586],{"className":49,"code":149585,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149587,149588,149608,149617,149631,149667,149671,149681,149691,149702],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149589,149590,149592,149594,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149591,1594],{"class":65},[56,149593,1217],{"class":827},[56,149595,9768],{"class":76},[56,149597,529],{"class":80},[56,149599,306],{"class":76},[56,149601,414],{"class":80},[56,149603,306],{"class":76},[56,149605,419],{"class":80},[56,149607,99],{"class":76},[56,149609,149610,149612,149614],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149611,125138],{"class":65},[56,149613,1217],{"class":827},[56,149615,149616],{"class":76}," ()\n",[56,149618,149619,149622,149624,149626,149628],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149620,149621],{"class":65},"one_item ",[56,149623,1217],{"class":827},[56,149625,9768],{"class":76},[56,149627,81],{"class":80},[56,149629,149630],{"class":76},",)\n",[56,149632,149633,149636,149638,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,149634,149635],{"class":65},"from_list ",[56,149637,1217],{"class":827},[56,149639,149640],{"class":378}," tuple",[56,149642,3528],{"class":76},[56,149644,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149646,264],{"class":1020},[56,149648,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149650,306],{"class":76},[56,149652,1231],{"class":1016},[56,149654,1234],{"class":1020},[56,149656,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149658,306],{"class":76},[56,149660,1231],{"class":1016},[56,149662,1243],{"class":1020},[56,149664,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149666,1294],{"class":76},[56,149668,149669],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,149670,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,149672,149673,149675,149677,149679],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,149674,373],{"class":72},[56,149676,77],{"class":76},[56,149678,1618],{"class":95},[56,149680,99],{"class":76},[56,149682,149683,149685,149687,149689],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,149684,373],{"class":72},[56,149686,77],{"class":76},[56,149688,125189],{"class":95},[56,149690,99],{"class":76},[56,149692,149693,149695,149697,149700],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,149694,373],{"class":72},[56,149696,77],{"class":76},[56,149698,149699],{"class":95},"one_item",[56,149701,99],{"class":76},[56,149703,149704,149706,149708,149711],{"class":58,"line":140},[56,149705,373],{"class":72},[56,149707,77],{"class":76},[56,149709,149710],{"class":95},"from_list",[56,149712,99],{"class":76},[20,149714,239],{},[47,149716,149718],{"className":49,"code":149717,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149719,149720,149736,149740,149748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149723,77],{"class":76},[56,149725,529],{"class":80},[56,149727,306],{"class":76},[56,149729,414],{"class":80},[56,149731,306],{"class":76},[56,149733,419],{"class":80},[56,149735,99],{"class":76},[56,149737,149738],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149739,9174],{"class":76},[56,149741,149742,149744,149746],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149743,77],{"class":76},[56,149745,81],{"class":80},[56,149747,149630],{"class":76},[56,149749,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,149751,77],{"class":76},[56,149753,3844],{"class":1016},[56,149755,264],{"class":1020},[56,149757,3844],{"class":1016},[56,149759,306],{"class":76},[56,149761,3839],{"class":1016},[56,149763,1234],{"class":1020},[56,149765,3844],{"class":1016},[56,149767,306],{"class":76},[56,149769,3839],{"class":1016},[56,149771,1243],{"class":1020},[56,149773,3844],{"class":1016},[56,149775,99],{"class":76},[20,149777,149778,149779,156],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149780,149781],{},"(5,)",[42,149783,15697],{"id":15696},[173,149785,149786,149789,149792,149795,149798,149801],{},[176,149787,149788],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[176,149790,149791],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[176,149793,149794],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[176,149796,149797],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[176,149799,149800],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[176,149802,149803],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[42,149805,149807],{"id":149806},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149809,149810],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149812,149813],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[47,149815,149817],{"className":49,"code":149816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149818,149819,149839],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149820,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149822,1594],{"class":65},[56,149824,1217],{"class":827},[56,149826,9768],{"class":76},[56,149828,529],{"class":80},[56,149830,306],{"class":76},[56,149832,414],{"class":80},[56,149834,306],{"class":76},[56,149836,419],{"class":80},[56,149838,99],{"class":76},[56,149840,149841,149843,149845,149847],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149842,373],{"class":72},[56,149844,77],{"class":76},[56,149846,1618],{"class":95},[56,149848,99],{"class":76},[20,149850,239],{},[47,149852,149854],{"className":49,"code":149853,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149855,149856],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149857,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149859,77],{"class":76},[56,149861,529],{"class":80},[56,149863,306],{"class":76},[56,149865,414],{"class":80},[56,149867,306],{"class":76},[56,149869,419],{"class":80},[56,149871,99],{"class":76},[20,149873,149874],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[47,149876,149878],{"className":49,"code":149877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149879,149880,149904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149881,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149883,9697],{"class":65},[56,149885,1217],{"class":827},[56,149887,9768],{"class":76},[56,149889,529],{"class":80},[56,149891,306],{"class":76},[56,149893,1231],{"class":1016},[56,149895,4619],{"class":1020},[56,149897,1017],{"class":1016},[56,149899,306],{"class":76},[56,149901,4455],{"class":4393},[56,149903,99],{"class":76},[56,149905,149906,149908,149910,149912],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149907,373],{"class":72},[56,149909,77],{"class":76},[56,149911,9736],{"class":95},[56,149913,99],{"class":76},[20,149915,239],{},[47,149917,149919],{"className":49,"code":149918,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149920,149921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149922,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149924,77],{"class":76},[56,149926,529],{"class":80},[56,149928,306],{"class":76},[56,149930,3839],{"class":1016},[56,149932,4619],{"class":1020},[56,149934,3844],{"class":1016},[56,149936,306],{"class":76},[56,149938,4455],{"class":4393},[56,149940,99],{"class":76},[20,149942,149943,149944,156],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[264,149945,149947],{"href":149946},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[42,149949,149951],{"id":149950},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149953,149954],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[47,149956,149958],{"className":49,"code":149957,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149959,149960,149968,149978],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149961,149962,149964,149966],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149963,125138],{"class":65},[56,149965,1217],{"class":827},[56,149967,149616],{"class":76},[56,149969,149970,149972,149974,149976],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,149971,373],{"class":72},[56,149973,77],{"class":76},[56,149975,125189],{"class":95},[56,149977,99],{"class":76},[56,149979,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149981,373],{"class":72},[56,149983,77],{"class":76},[56,149985,2312],{"class":378},[56,149987,77],{"class":76},[56,149989,125189],{"class":95},[56,149991,1635],{"class":76},[20,149993,239],{},[47,149995,149997],{"className":49,"code":149996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149998,149999,150003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150000,150001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150002,9174],{"class":76},[56,150004,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150006,3833],{"class":827},[56,150008,3836],{"class":2610},[56,150010,3839],{"class":1016},[56,150012,49456],{"class":1020},[56,150014,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150016,3847],{"class":827},[20,150018,150019],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150021,150022],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[173,150024,150025,150030],{},[176,150026,150027,150028],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150029,7898],{},[176,150031,150032,150033],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150034,4328],{},[20,150036,150037,150038,156],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[264,150039,150040],{"href":57653},"Python list: creating a list",[42,150042,150044],{"id":150043},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150046,150047],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150049,150050,150051,150053],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[37,150052,5170],{}," automatically a tuple:",[47,150055,150057],{"className":49,"code":150056,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150058,150059,150071,150081],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150060,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150062,2992],{"class":65},[56,150064,1217],{"class":827},[56,150066,9768],{"class":76},[56,150068,81],{"class":80},[56,150070,99],{"class":76},[56,150072,150073,150075,150077,150079],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150074,373],{"class":72},[56,150076,77],{"class":76},[56,150078,3017],{"class":95},[56,150080,99],{"class":76},[56,150082,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,150084,373],{"class":72},[56,150086,77],{"class":76},[56,150088,2312],{"class":378},[56,150090,77],{"class":76},[56,150092,3017],{"class":95},[56,150094,1635],{"class":76},[20,150096,239],{},[47,150098,150100],{"className":49,"code":150099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150101,150102,150106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150103,150104],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150105,3490],{"class":80},[56,150107,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150109,3833],{"class":827},[56,150111,3836],{"class":2610},[56,150113,3839],{"class":1016},[56,150115,2734],{"class":1020},[56,150117,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150119,3847],{"class":827},[20,150121,150122],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[47,150124,150126],{"className":49,"code":150125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150127,150128,150140,150150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150129,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150131,149621],{"class":65},[56,150133,1217],{"class":827},[56,150135,9768],{"class":76},[56,150137,81],{"class":80},[56,150139,149630],{"class":76},[56,150141,150142,150144,150146,150148],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150143,373],{"class":72},[56,150145,77],{"class":76},[56,150147,149699],{"class":95},[56,150149,99],{"class":76},[56,150151,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,150153,373],{"class":72},[56,150155,77],{"class":76},[56,150157,2312],{"class":378},[56,150159,77],{"class":76},[56,150161,149699],{"class":95},[56,150163,1635],{"class":76},[20,150165,239],{},[47,150167,150169],{"className":49,"code":150168,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150170,150171,150179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150172,150173,150175,150177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150174,77],{"class":76},[56,150176,81],{"class":80},[56,150178,149630],{"class":76},[56,150180,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150182,3833],{"class":827},[56,150184,3836],{"class":2610},[56,150186,3839],{"class":1016},[56,150188,49456],{"class":1020},[56,150190,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150192,3847],{"class":827},[20,150194,17191],{},[47,150196,150198],{"className":49,"code":150197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150199,150200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150201,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150203,77],{"class":76},[56,150205,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150207,4619],{"class":1020},[56,150209,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150211,149630],{"class":76},[20,150213,17179],{},[47,150215,150217],{"className":49,"code":150216,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150218,150219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150220,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150222,77],{"class":76},[56,150224,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150226,4619],{"class":1020},[56,150228,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150230,99],{"class":76},[20,150232,150233],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[42,150235,150237],{"id":150236},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150239,150240],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[353,150242,56961],{"id":1618},[47,150244,150245],{"className":49,"code":149816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,150246,150247,150267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150248,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150250,1594],{"class":65},[56,150252,1217],{"class":827},[56,150254,9768],{"class":76},[56,150256,529],{"class":80},[56,150258,306],{"class":76},[56,150260,414],{"class":80},[56,150262,306],{"class":76},[56,150264,419],{"class":80},[56,150266,99],{"class":76},[56,150268,150269,150271,150273,150275],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150270,373],{"class":72},[56,150272,77],{"class":76},[56,150274,1618],{"class":95},[56,150276,99],{"class":76},[353,150278,56964],{"id":5848},[47,150280,150282],{"className":49,"code":150281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150283,150284,150316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150285,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150287,13609],{"class":65},[56,150289,1217],{"class":827},[56,150291,9768],{"class":76},[56,150293,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150295,13626],{"class":1020},[56,150297,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150299,306],{"class":76},[56,150301,1231],{"class":1016},[56,150303,17990],{"class":1020},[56,150305,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150307,306],{"class":76},[56,150309,1231],{"class":1016},[56,150311,13643],{"class":1020},[56,150313,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150315,99],{"class":76},[56,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150319,373],{"class":72},[56,150321,77],{"class":76},[56,150323,18037],{"class":95},[56,150325,99],{"class":76},[353,150327,150329],{"id":150328},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[47,150331,150333],{"className":49,"code":150332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150334,150335,150359],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150336,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150338,59973],{"class":65},[56,150340,1217],{"class":827},[56,150342,9768],{"class":76},[56,150344,529],{"class":80},[56,150346,306],{"class":76},[56,150348,1231],{"class":1016},[56,150350,4619],{"class":1020},[56,150352,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150354,306],{"class":76},[56,150356,4455],{"class":4393},[56,150358,99],{"class":76},[56,150360,150361,150363,150365,150367],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150362,373],{"class":72},[56,150364,77],{"class":76},[56,150366,60026],{"class":95},[56,150368,99],{"class":76},[353,150370,150372],{"id":150371},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150374,150375],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[47,150377,150379],{"className":49,"code":150378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150380,150381,150422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150382,150383,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150384,150385],{"class":65},"nested ",[56,150387,1217],{"class":827},[56,150389,9768],{"class":76},[56,150391,529],{"class":80},[56,150393,306],{"class":76},[56,150395,9768],{"class":76},[56,150397,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150399,264],{"class":1020},[56,150401,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150403,306],{"class":76},[56,150405,1231],{"class":1016},[56,150407,1234],{"class":1020},[56,150409,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150411,9765],{"class":76},[56,150413,1220],{"class":76},[56,150415,2291],{"class":80},[56,150417,306],{"class":76},[56,150419,8323],{"class":80},[56,150421,1294],{"class":76},[56,150423,150424,150426,150428,150431],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150425,373],{"class":72},[56,150427,77],{"class":76},[56,150429,150430],{"class":95},"nested",[56,150432,99],{"class":76},[20,150434,239],{},[47,150436,150438],{"className":49,"code":150437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150439,150440],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150441,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150443,77],{"class":76},[56,150445,529],{"class":80},[56,150447,306],{"class":76},[56,150449,9768],{"class":76},[56,150451,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150453,264],{"class":1020},[56,150455,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150457,306],{"class":76},[56,150459,3839],{"class":1016},[56,150461,1234],{"class":1020},[56,150463,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150465,9765],{"class":76},[56,150467,1220],{"class":76},[56,150469,2291],{"class":80},[56,150471,306],{"class":76},[56,150473,8323],{"class":80},[56,150475,1294],{"class":76},[42,150477,150479,150480],{"id":150478},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150481,38558],{},[20,150483,150484,150485,150487],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150486,38558],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150489,150490,150491,156],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[264,150492,63716],{"href":63715},[353,150494,105533],{"id":105532},[47,150496,150498],{"className":49,"code":150497,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150499,150500,150522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150501,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150503,1594],{"class":65},[56,150505,1217],{"class":827},[56,150507,149640],{"class":378},[56,150509,3528],{"class":76},[56,150511,529],{"class":80},[56,150513,306],{"class":76},[56,150515,414],{"class":80},[56,150517,306],{"class":76},[56,150519,419],{"class":80},[56,150521,1294],{"class":76},[56,150523,150524,150526,150528,150530],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150525,373],{"class":72},[56,150527,77],{"class":76},[56,150529,1618],{"class":95},[56,150531,99],{"class":76},[20,150533,239],{},[47,150535,150536],{"className":49,"code":149853,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,150537,150538],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150539,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150541,77],{"class":76},[56,150543,529],{"class":80},[56,150545,306],{"class":76},[56,150547,414],{"class":80},[56,150549,306],{"class":76},[56,150551,419],{"class":80},[56,150553,99],{"class":76},[353,150555,105719],{"id":105718},[47,150557,150559],{"className":49,"code":150558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150560,150561,150579],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150562,150563,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150564,36614],{"class":65},[56,150566,1217],{"class":827},[56,150568,149640],{"class":378},[56,150570,77],{"class":76},[56,150572,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150574,42071],{"class":1020},[56,150576,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150578,99],{"class":76},[56,150580,150581,150583,150585,150587],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150582,373],{"class":72},[56,150584,77],{"class":76},[56,150586,36666],{"class":95},[56,150588,99],{"class":76},[20,150590,239],{},[47,150592,150594],{"className":49,"code":150593,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150595,150596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150597,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150599,77],{"class":76},[56,150601,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150603,264],{"class":1020},[56,150605,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150607,306],{"class":76},[56,150609,3839],{"class":1016},[56,150611,1234],{"class":1020},[56,150613,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150615,306],{"class":76},[56,150617,3839],{"class":1016},[56,150619,1243],{"class":1020},[56,150621,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150623,99],{"class":76},[20,150625,150626],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[353,150628,150630],{"id":150629},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[47,150632,150634],{"className":49,"code":150633,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150635,150636,150654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150637,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150639,4364],{"class":65},[56,150641,1217],{"class":827},[56,150643,149640],{"class":378},[56,150645,77],{"class":76},[56,150647,198],{"class":72},[56,150649,77],{"class":76},[56,150651,1603],{"class":80},[56,150653,1635],{"class":76},[56,150655,150656,150658,150660,150662],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150657,373],{"class":72},[56,150659,77],{"class":76},[56,150661,5898],{"class":95},[56,150663,99],{"class":76},[20,150665,239],{},[47,150667,150669],{"className":49,"code":150668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150670,150671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150672,150673,150675,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687,150689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150674,77],{"class":76},[56,150676,152],{"class":80},[56,150678,306],{"class":76},[56,150680,409],{"class":80},[56,150682,306],{"class":76},[56,150684,414],{"class":80},[56,150686,306],{"class":76},[56,150688,419],{"class":80},[56,150690,99],{"class":76},[20,150692,150693],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[42,150695,21336],{"id":21335},[173,150697,150698,150701,150704,150707],{},[176,150699,150700],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[176,150702,150703],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[176,150705,150706],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[176,150708,150709],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150711,150712,150713,156],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[264,150714,150716],{"href":150715},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[42,150718,3374],{"id":3373},[20,150720,150721],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[353,150723,150725],{"id":150724},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150727,150728],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[47,150730,150732],{"className":49,"code":150731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150733,150734,150750],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150735,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150737,29069],{"class":65},[56,150739,1217],{"class":827},[56,150741,9768],{"class":76},[56,150743,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150745,4619],{"class":1020},[56,150747,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150749,99],{"class":76},[56,150751,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150753,373],{"class":72},[56,150755,77],{"class":76},[56,150757,2312],{"class":378},[56,150759,77],{"class":76},[56,150761,1399],{"class":95},[56,150763,1635],{"class":76},[20,150765,150766],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[47,150768,150770],{"className":49,"code":150769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150771,150772,150788],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150773,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150775,29069],{"class":65},[56,150777,1217],{"class":827},[56,150779,9768],{"class":76},[56,150781,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150783,4619],{"class":1020},[56,150785,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150787,149630],{"class":76},[56,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150791,373],{"class":72},[56,150793,77],{"class":76},[56,150795,2312],{"class":378},[56,150797,77],{"class":76},[56,150799,1399],{"class":95},[56,150801,1635],{"class":76},[353,150803,150805],{"id":150804},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150807,150808],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[47,150810,150812],{"className":49,"code":150811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150813,150814,150834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150815,150816,150818,150820,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830,150832],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150817,4364],{"class":65},[56,150819,1217],{"class":827},[56,150821,1220],{"class":76},[56,150823,529],{"class":80},[56,150825,306],{"class":76},[56,150827,414],{"class":80},[56,150829,306],{"class":76},[56,150831,419],{"class":80},[56,150833,427],{"class":76},[56,150835,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150837,373],{"class":72},[56,150839,77],{"class":76},[56,150841,2312],{"class":378},[56,150843,77],{"class":76},[56,150845,5898],{"class":95},[56,150847,1635],{"class":76},[20,150849,150850],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[47,150852,150854],{"className":49,"code":150853,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150855,150856,150876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150857,150858,150860,150862,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150859,4364],{"class":65},[56,150861,1217],{"class":827},[56,150863,9768],{"class":76},[56,150865,529],{"class":80},[56,150867,306],{"class":76},[56,150869,414],{"class":80},[56,150871,306],{"class":76},[56,150873,419],{"class":80},[56,150875,99],{"class":76},[56,150877,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150879,373],{"class":72},[56,150881,77],{"class":76},[56,150883,2312],{"class":378},[56,150885,77],{"class":76},[56,150887,5898],{"class":95},[56,150889,1635],{"class":76},[353,150891,150893],{"id":150892},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150895,150706],{},[47,150897,150899],{"className":49,"code":150898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150900,150901,150921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150902,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150904,1594],{"class":65},[56,150906,1217],{"class":827},[56,150908,9768],{"class":76},[56,150910,529],{"class":80},[56,150912,306],{"class":76},[56,150914,414],{"class":80},[56,150916,306],{"class":76},[56,150918,419],{"class":80},[56,150920,99],{"class":76},[56,150922,150923],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150924,150925],{"class":112},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150927,150928],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[353,150930,37718,150932,150935],{"id":150931},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150933,150934],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150937,65142],{},[47,150939,150940],{"className":49,"code":150558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,150941,150942,150960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150943,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150945,36614],{"class":65},[56,150947,1217],{"class":827},[56,150949,149640],{"class":378},[56,150951,77],{"class":76},[56,150953,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150955,42071],{"class":1020},[56,150957,1017],{"class":1016},[56,150959,99],{"class":76},[56,150961,150962,150964,150966,150968],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,150963,373],{"class":72},[56,150965,77],{"class":76},[56,150967,36666],{"class":95},[56,150969,99],{"class":76},[20,150971,150972],{},"gives:",[47,150974,150975],{"className":49,"code":150593,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,150976,150977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150978,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001,151003],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150980,77],{"class":76},[56,150982,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150984,264],{"class":1020},[56,150986,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150988,306],{"class":76},[56,150990,3839],{"class":1016},[56,150992,1234],{"class":1020},[56,150994,3844],{"class":1016},[56,150996,306],{"class":76},[56,150998,3839],{"class":1016},[56,151000,1243],{"class":1020},[56,151002,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151004,99],{"class":76},[20,151006,151007],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[47,151009,151011],{"className":49,"code":151010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151012,151013,151029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151014,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151016,6689],{"class":65},[56,151018,1217],{"class":827},[56,151020,9768],{"class":76},[56,151022,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151024,42071],{"class":1020},[56,151026,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151028,149630],{"class":76},[56,151030,151031,151033,151035,151037],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151032,373],{"class":72},[56,151034,77],{"class":76},[56,151036,38902],{"class":95},[56,151038,99],{"class":76},[20,151040,239],{},[47,151042,151044],{"className":49,"code":151043,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('abc',)\n",[15,151045,151046],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151047,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151049,77],{"class":76},[56,151051,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151053,42071],{"class":1020},[56,151055,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151057,149630],{"class":76},[353,151059,151061],{"id":151060},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151063,151064],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[47,151066,151068],{"className":49,"code":151067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151069,151070,151087,151091,151101,151115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151071,151072,151075,151077,151079,151081,151083,151085],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151073,151074],{"class":65},"my_tuple ",[56,151076,1217],{"class":827},[56,151078,9768],{"class":76},[56,151080,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151082,4619],{"class":1020},[56,151084,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151086,149630],{"class":76},[56,151088,151089],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151090,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,151092,151093,151095,151097,151099],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151094,373],{"class":72},[56,151096,77],{"class":76},[56,151098,148292],{"class":95},[56,151100,99],{"class":76},[56,151102,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111,151113],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,151104,373],{"class":72},[56,151106,77],{"class":76},[56,151108,2312],{"class":378},[56,151110,77],{"class":76},[56,151112,148292],{"class":95},[56,151114,1635],{"class":76},[56,151116,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,151118,373],{"class":72},[56,151120,77],{"class":76},[56,151122,1266],{"class":72},[56,151124,77],{"class":76},[56,151126,148292],{"class":95},[56,151128,1635],{"class":76},[42,151130,2343],{"id":2342},[353,151132,151134],{"id":151133},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151136,151137,151138,151141],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151139,151140],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[353,151143,151145],{"id":151144},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151147,151148],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[353,151150,151152],{"id":151151},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151154,151155],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[353,151157,151159],{"id":151158},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151161,151162],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[353,151164,5682,151166,13249],{"id":151165},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151167,150934],{},[20,151169,5688,151170,151173],{},[15,151171,151172],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[42,151175,2417],{"id":2416},[173,151177,151178,151182,151186,151192,151197,151202,151206],{},[176,151179,151180],{},[264,151181,148274],{"href":148273},[176,151183,151184],{},[264,151185,149947],{"href":149946},[176,151187,151188],{},[264,151189,151191],{"href":151190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[176,151193,151194],{},[264,151195,151196],{"href":149512},"Python tuple length with len()",[176,151198,151199],{},[264,151200,151201],{"href":149577},"What is a tuple in Python?",[176,151203,151204],{},[264,151205,63716],{"href":63715},[176,151207,151208],{},[264,151209,151210],{"href":150715},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2451,151212,151213],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":151215},[151216,151217,151218,151219,151220,151221,151227,151233,151234,151242,151250],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":15696,"depth":87,"text":15697},{"id":149806,"depth":87,"text":149807},{"id":149950,"depth":87,"text":149951},{"id":150043,"depth":87,"text":150044},{"id":150236,"depth":87,"text":150237,"children":151222},[151223,151224,151225,151226],{"id":1618,"depth":102,"text":56961},{"id":5848,"depth":102,"text":56964},{"id":150328,"depth":102,"text":150329},{"id":150371,"depth":102,"text":150372},{"id":150478,"depth":87,"text":151228,"children":151229},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151230,151231,151232],{"id":105532,"depth":102,"text":105533},{"id":105718,"depth":102,"text":105719},{"id":150629,"depth":102,"text":150630},{"id":21335,"depth":87,"text":21336},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":151235},[151236,151237,151238,151239,151241],{"id":150724,"depth":102,"text":150725},{"id":150804,"depth":102,"text":150805},{"id":150892,"depth":102,"text":150893},{"id":150931,"depth":102,"text":151240},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151060,"depth":102,"text":151061},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":151243},[151244,151245,151246,151247,151248],{"id":151133,"depth":102,"text":151134},{"id":151144,"depth":102,"text":151145},{"id":151151,"depth":102,"text":151152},{"id":151158,"depth":102,"text":151159},{"id":151165,"depth":102,"text":151249},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149563,"description":151251},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151258,"title":151259,"body":151260,"description":152805,"extension":2509,"meta":152806,"navigation":105,"path":152807,"seo":152808,"stem":152809,"__hash__":152810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151261,"toc":152775},[151262,151265,151270,151272,151285,151291,151293,151360,151362,151397,151402,151406,151410,151412,151423,151431,151433,151435,151456,151458,151478,151481,151483,151488,151531,151533,151555,151558,151571,151575,151579,151582,151635,151637,151658,151663,151667,151670,151715,151717,151750,151762,151766,151774,151811,151813,151842,151846,151849,151902,151904,151924,151931,151935,151940,152009,152011,152036,152040,152043,152049,152126,152128,152187,152189,152201,152206,152210,152214,152228,152230,152265,152267,152284,152287,152300,152304,152308,152319,152324,152339,152342,152345,152347,152350,152354,152356,152370,152372,152396,152401,152405,152408,152427,152430,152479,152484,152501,152504,152537,152541,152543,152594,152597,152622,152625,152648,152652,152658,152660,152695,152698,152703,152705,152709,152712,152716,152721,152725,152728,152732,152735,152739,152744,152746,152772],[10,151263,151259],{"id":151264},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151266,9654,151267,151269],{},[15,151268,38558],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151271,83076],{},[173,151273,151274,151279],{},[176,151275,151276,151278],{},[15,151277,38558],{}," creates an empty tuple",[176,151280,151281,151284],{},[15,151282,151283],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151286,151287,151288,151290],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151289,38558],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[42,151292,45],{"id":44},[47,151294,151296],{"className":49,"code":151295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151297,151298,151318,151332,151336,151346],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151299,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151301,1594],{"class":65},[56,151303,1217],{"class":827},[56,151305,1220],{"class":76},[56,151307,529],{"class":80},[56,151309,306],{"class":76},[56,151311,414],{"class":80},[56,151313,306],{"class":76},[56,151315,419],{"class":80},[56,151317,427],{"class":76},[56,151319,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151321,2775],{"class":65},[56,151323,1217],{"class":827},[56,151325,149640],{"class":378},[56,151327,77],{"class":76},[56,151329,1618],{"class":95},[56,151331,99],{"class":76},[56,151333,151334],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151335,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,151339,373],{"class":72},[56,151341,77],{"class":76},[56,151343,2809],{"class":95},[56,151345,99],{"class":76},[56,151347,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,151349,373],{"class":72},[56,151351,77],{"class":76},[56,151353,2312],{"class":378},[56,151355,77],{"class":76},[56,151357,2809],{"class":95},[56,151359,1635],{"class":76},[20,151361,239],{},[47,151363,151365],{"className":49,"code":151364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151366,151367,151383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151368,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151370,77],{"class":76},[56,151372,529],{"class":80},[56,151374,306],{"class":76},[56,151376,414],{"class":80},[56,151378,306],{"class":76},[56,151380,419],{"class":80},[56,151382,99],{"class":76},[56,151384,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151386,3833],{"class":827},[56,151388,3836],{"class":2610},[56,151390,3839],{"class":1016},[56,151392,49456],{"class":1020},[56,151394,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151396,3847],{"class":827},[20,151398,2638,151399,151401],{},[15,151400,151283],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[42,151403,151405],{"id":151404},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151407,151408,63424],{},[15,151409,38558],{},[20,151411,49430],{},[173,151413,151414,151417,151420],{},[176,151415,151416],{},"creates a tuple object",[176,151418,151419],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[176,151421,151422],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151424,151425,151426,151428,151429,156],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[264,151427,149578],{"href":149577}," or the full guide to ",[264,151430,148274],{"href":148273},[42,151432,2702],{"id":2701},[20,151434,27017],{},[47,151436,151438],{"className":49,"code":151437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151439,151440,151446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151441,151442,151444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151443,49456],{"class":378},[56,151445,9174],{"class":76},[56,151447,151448,151450,151452,151454],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151449,49456],{"class":378},[56,151451,77],{"class":76},[56,151453,4261],{"class":95},[56,151455,99],{"class":76},[20,151457,11991],{},[173,151459,151460,151463],{},[176,151461,151462],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[176,151464,151465,151466],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[173,151467,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476],{},[176,151469,5839],{},[176,151471,5848],{},[176,151473,63495],{},[176,151475,5845],{},[176,151477,7783],{},[20,151479,151480],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[42,151482,149951],{"id":149950},[20,151484,30179,151485,151487],{},[15,151486,38558],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[47,151489,151491],{"className":49,"code":151490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151492,151493,151503,151507,151517],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151494,151495,151497,151499,151501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151496,125138],{"class":65},[56,151498,1217],{"class":827},[56,151500,149640],{"class":378},[56,151502,9174],{"class":76},[56,151504,151505],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151506,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,151508,151509,151511,151513,151515],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151510,373],{"class":72},[56,151512,77],{"class":76},[56,151514,125189],{"class":95},[56,151516,99],{"class":76},[56,151518,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,151520,373],{"class":72},[56,151522,77],{"class":76},[56,151524,2312],{"class":378},[56,151526,77],{"class":76},[56,151528,125189],{"class":95},[56,151530,1635],{"class":76},[20,151532,239],{},[47,151534,151535],{"className":49,"code":149996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,151536,151537,151541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151538,151539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151540,9174],{"class":76},[56,151542,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151544,3833],{"class":827},[56,151546,3836],{"class":2610},[56,151548,3839],{"class":1016},[56,151550,49456],{"class":1020},[56,151552,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151554,3847],{"class":827},[20,151556,151557],{},"This is equivalent to:",[47,151559,151561],{"className":49,"code":151560,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = ()\n",[15,151562,151563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151564,151565,151567,151569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151566,125138],{"class":65},[56,151568,1217],{"class":827},[56,151570,149616],{"class":76},[42,151572,151574],{"id":151573},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[353,151576,151578],{"id":151577},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151580,151581],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[47,151583,151585],{"className":49,"code":151584,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151586,151587,151607,151621,151625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151588,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151590,1594],{"class":65},[56,151592,1217],{"class":827},[56,151594,1220],{"class":76},[56,151596,2291],{"class":80},[56,151598,306],{"class":76},[56,151600,8323],{"class":80},[56,151602,306],{"class":76},[56,151604,8328],{"class":80},[56,151606,427],{"class":76},[56,151608,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151610,2775],{"class":65},[56,151612,1217],{"class":827},[56,151614,149640],{"class":378},[56,151616,77],{"class":76},[56,151618,1618],{"class":95},[56,151620,99],{"class":76},[56,151622,151623],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151624,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,151626,151627,151629,151631,151633],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,151628,373],{"class":72},[56,151630,77],{"class":76},[56,151632,2809],{"class":95},[56,151634,99],{"class":76},[20,151636,239],{},[47,151638,151640],{"className":49,"code":151639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151641,151642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151643,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151645,77],{"class":76},[56,151647,2291],{"class":80},[56,151649,306],{"class":76},[56,151651,8323],{"class":80},[56,151653,306],{"class":76},[56,151655,8328],{"class":80},[56,151657,99],{"class":76},[20,151659,151660,151661,156],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[264,151662,105338],{"href":60554},[353,151664,151666],{"id":151665},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151668,151669],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[47,151671,151673],{"className":49,"code":151672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151674,151675,151687,151701,151705],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151676,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151678,35217],{"class":65},[56,151680,1217],{"class":827},[56,151682,1231],{"class":1016},[56,151684,37561],{"class":1020},[56,151686,3903],{"class":1016},[56,151688,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151690,2775],{"class":65},[56,151692,1217],{"class":827},[56,151694,149640],{"class":378},[56,151696,77],{"class":76},[56,151698,35238],{"class":95},[56,151700,99],{"class":76},[56,151702,151703],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151704,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,151706,151707,151709,151711,151713],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,151708,373],{"class":72},[56,151710,77],{"class":76},[56,151712,2809],{"class":95},[56,151714,99],{"class":76},[20,151716,239],{},[47,151718,151720],{"className":49,"code":151719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151721,151722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151723,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151725,77],{"class":76},[56,151727,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151729,1243],{"class":1020},[56,151731,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151733,306],{"class":76},[56,151735,3839],{"class":1016},[56,151737,264],{"class":1020},[56,151739,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151741,306],{"class":76},[56,151743,3839],{"class":1016},[56,151745,63785],{"class":1020},[56,151747,3844],{"class":1016},[56,151749,99],{"class":76},[20,151751,151752,151753,14588,151756,151758,151759,156],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151754,151755],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[37,151757,5170],{}," create ",[15,151760,151761],{},"('cat',)",[353,151763,151765],{"id":151764},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151767,151768,151770,151771,151773],{},[15,151769,17],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151772,38558],{}," collects them all.",[47,151775,151777],{"className":49,"code":151776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151778,151779,151797,151801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151780,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151782,2775],{"class":65},[56,151784,1217],{"class":827},[56,151786,149640],{"class":378},[56,151788,77],{"class":76},[56,151790,198],{"class":72},[56,151792,77],{"class":76},[56,151794,81],{"class":80},[56,151796,1635],{"class":76},[56,151798,151799],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151800,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,151802,151803,151805,151807,151809],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151804,373],{"class":72},[56,151806,77],{"class":76},[56,151808,2809],{"class":95},[56,151810,99],{"class":76},[20,151812,239],{},[47,151814,151816],{"className":49,"code":151815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151817,151818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151819,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151821,77],{"class":76},[56,151823,152],{"class":80},[56,151825,306],{"class":76},[56,151827,409],{"class":80},[56,151829,306],{"class":76},[56,151831,414],{"class":80},[56,151833,306],{"class":76},[56,151835,419],{"class":80},[56,151837,306],{"class":76},[56,151839,424],{"class":80},[56,151841,99],{"class":76},[353,151843,151845],{"id":151844},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151847,151848],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[47,151850,151852],{"className":49,"code":151851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151853,151854,151874,151888,151892],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151855,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151857,4364],{"class":65},[56,151859,1217],{"class":827},[56,151861,11023],{"class":76},[56,151863,529],{"class":80},[56,151865,306],{"class":76},[56,151867,414],{"class":80},[56,151869,306],{"class":76},[56,151871,419],{"class":80},[56,151873,9841],{"class":76},[56,151875,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151877,2775],{"class":65},[56,151879,1217],{"class":827},[56,151881,149640],{"class":378},[56,151883,77],{"class":76},[56,151885,5898],{"class":95},[56,151887,99],{"class":76},[56,151889,151890],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151891,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,151893,151894,151896,151898,151900],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,151895,373],{"class":72},[56,151897,77],{"class":76},[56,151899,2809],{"class":95},[56,151901,99],{"class":76},[20,151903,239],{},[47,151905,151906],{"className":49,"code":149853,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,151907,151908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151909,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151911,77],{"class":76},[56,151913,529],{"class":80},[56,151915,306],{"class":76},[56,151917,414],{"class":80},[56,151919,306],{"class":76},[56,151921,419],{"class":80},[56,151923,99],{"class":76},[20,151925,151926,151927,156],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[264,151928,151930],{"href":151929},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[353,151932,151934],{"id":151933},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151936,64038,151937,151939],{},[15,151938,38558],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[47,151941,151943],{"className":49,"code":151942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151944,151945,151981,151995,151999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151946,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151948,13738],{"class":65},[56,151950,1217],{"class":827},[56,151952,11023],{"class":76},[56,151954,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151956,8201],{"class":1020},[56,151958,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151960,1045],{"class":76},[56,151962,1231],{"class":1016},[56,151964,13414],{"class":1020},[56,151966,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151968,306],{"class":76},[56,151970,1231],{"class":1016},[56,151972,9831],{"class":1020},[56,151974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,151976,1045],{"class":76},[56,151978,9838],{"class":80},[56,151980,9841],{"class":76},[56,151982,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,151984,2775],{"class":65},[56,151986,1217],{"class":827},[56,151988,149640],{"class":378},[56,151990,77],{"class":76},[56,151992,17842],{"class":95},[56,151994,99],{"class":76},[56,151996,151997],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151998,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,152000,152001,152003,152005,152007],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,152002,373],{"class":72},[56,152004,77],{"class":76},[56,152006,2809],{"class":95},[56,152008,99],{"class":76},[20,152010,30559],{},[47,152012,152014],{"className":49,"code":152013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152015,152016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152017,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152019,77],{"class":76},[56,152021,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152023,8201],{"class":1020},[56,152025,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152027,306],{"class":76},[56,152029,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152031,9831],{"class":1020},[56,152033,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152035,99],{"class":76},[42,152037,152039],{"id":152038},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152041,152042],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152044,152045,152048],{},[15,152046,152047],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[47,152050,152052],{"className":49,"code":152051,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152053,152054,152090,152094,152108],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152055,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152057,13738],{"class":65},[56,152059,1217],{"class":827},[56,152061,11023],{"class":76},[56,152063,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152065,8201],{"class":1020},[56,152067,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152069,1045],{"class":76},[56,152071,1231],{"class":1016},[56,152073,13414],{"class":1020},[56,152075,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152077,306],{"class":76},[56,152079,1231],{"class":1016},[56,152081,9831],{"class":1020},[56,152083,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152085,1045],{"class":76},[56,152087,9838],{"class":80},[56,152089,9841],{"class":76},[56,152091,152092],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152093,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,152095,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,152097,373],{"class":72},[56,152099,77],{"class":76},[56,152101,49456],{"class":378},[56,152103,77],{"class":76},[56,152105,17842],{"class":95},[56,152107,1635],{"class":76},[56,152109,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,152111,373],{"class":72},[56,152113,77],{"class":76},[56,152115,49456],{"class":378},[56,152117,77],{"class":76},[56,152119,17842],{"class":95},[56,152121,156],{"class":76},[56,152123,1271],{"class":95},[56,152125,6825],{"class":76},[20,152127,239],{},[47,152129,152131],{"className":49,"code":152130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152132,152133,152153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152134,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152136,77],{"class":76},[56,152138,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152140,8201],{"class":1020},[56,152142,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152144,306],{"class":76},[56,152146,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152148,9831],{"class":1020},[56,152150,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152152,99],{"class":76},[56,152154,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152156,6049],{"class":76},[56,152158,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152160,8201],{"class":1020},[56,152162,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152164,306],{"class":76},[56,152166,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152168,13414],{"class":1020},[56,152170,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152172,9765],{"class":76},[56,152174,9768],{"class":76},[56,152176,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152178,9831],{"class":1020},[56,152180,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152182,306],{"class":76},[56,152184,9838],{"class":80},[56,152186,1635],{"class":76},[20,152188,19230],{},[173,152190,152191,152196],{},[176,152192,152193,152195],{},[15,152194,152047],{}," for keys",[176,152197,152198,33087],{},[15,152199,152200],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152202,152203,152204,156],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[264,152205,64048],{"href":64047},[42,152207,152209],{"id":152208},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152211,152212,18854],{},[15,152213,38558],{},[173,152215,152216,152219,152222,152225],{},[176,152217,152218],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[176,152220,152221],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[176,152223,152224],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[176,152226,152227],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152229,986],{},[47,152231,152233],{"className":49,"code":152232,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152234,152235,152254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152236,152237,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152238,152239],{"class":65},"coordinates ",[56,152241,1217],{"class":827},[56,152243,149640],{"class":378},[56,152245,3528],{"class":76},[56,152247,1603],{"class":80},[56,152249,306],{"class":76},[56,152251,566],{"class":80},[56,152253,1294],{"class":76},[56,152255,152256,152258,152260,152263],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152257,373],{"class":72},[56,152259,77],{"class":76},[56,152261,152262],{"class":95},"coordinates",[56,152264,99],{"class":76},[20,152266,239],{},[47,152268,152270],{"className":49,"code":152269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152271,152272],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152273,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152275,77],{"class":76},[56,152277,1603],{"class":80},[56,152279,306],{"class":76},[56,152281,566],{"class":80},[56,152283,99],{"class":76},[20,152285,152286],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[173,152288,152289,152291,152294,152297],{},[176,152290,152262],{},[176,152292,152293],{},"RGB colors",[176,152295,152296],{},"dates",[176,152298,152299],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[42,152301,152303],{"id":152302},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152305,44936,152306,11133],{},[15,152307,38558],{},[173,152309,152310,152313,152316],{},[176,152311,152312],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[176,152314,152315],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[176,152317,152318],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152320,116765,152321,152323],{},[37,152322,5170],{}," work:",[47,152325,152327],{"className":49,"code":152326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152328,152329],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152330,152331,152333,152335,152337],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152332,49456],{"class":378},[56,152334,77],{"class":76},[56,152336,81],{"class":80},[56,152338,99],{"class":76},[20,152340,152341],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152343,152344],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[42,152346,115603],{"id":115602},[20,152348,152349],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[353,152351,152353],{"id":152352},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152355,924],{},[47,152357,152358],{"className":49,"code":152326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,152359,152360],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152361,152362,152364,152366,152368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152363,49456],{"class":378},[56,152365,77],{"class":76},[56,152367,81],{"class":80},[56,152369,99],{"class":76},[20,152371,30210],{},[47,152373,152374],{"className":49,"code":64152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,152375,152376],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152377,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152379,3547],{"class":378},[56,152381,1045],{"class":76},[56,152383,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152385,2734],{"class":1020},[56,152387,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152389,2339],{"class":378},[56,152391,8628],{"class":827},[56,152393,8631],{"class":827},[56,152395,64175],{"class":65},[20,152397,152398,152399,156],{},"If you see this, read ",[264,152400,62789],{"href":53101},[353,152402,152404],{"id":152403},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152406,152407],{},"This code:",[47,152409,152411],{"className":49,"code":152410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152412,152413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152414,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152416,49456],{"class":378},[56,152418,77],{"class":76},[56,152420,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152422,4386],{"class":1020},[56,152424,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152426,99],{"class":76},[20,152428,152429],{},"returns:",[47,152431,152433],{"className":49,"code":152432,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152434,152435],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152436,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152438,77],{"class":76},[56,152440,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152442,60937],{"class":1020},[56,152444,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152446,306],{"class":76},[56,152448,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152450,60946],{"class":1020},[56,152452,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152454,306],{"class":76},[56,152456,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152458,60955],{"class":1020},[56,152460,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152462,306],{"class":76},[56,152464,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152466,60955],{"class":1020},[56,152468,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152470,306],{"class":76},[56,152472,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152474,60972],{"class":1020},[56,152476,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152478,99],{"class":76},[20,152480,41416,152481,152483],{},[37,152482,5170],{}," return:",[47,152485,152487],{"className":49,"code":152486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('hello',)\n",[15,152488,152489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152490,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152492,77],{"class":76},[56,152494,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152496,4386],{"class":1020},[56,152498,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152500,149630],{"class":76},[20,152502,152503],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[47,152505,152507],{"className":49,"code":152506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152508,152509,152526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152510,152511,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152512,152513],{"class":65},"single ",[56,152515,1217],{"class":827},[56,152517,9768],{"class":76},[56,152519,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152521,4386],{"class":1020},[56,152523,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152525,149630],{"class":76},[56,152527,152528,152530,152532,152535],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152529,373],{"class":72},[56,152531,77],{"class":76},[56,152533,152534],{"class":95},"single",[56,152536,99],{"class":76},[353,152538,152540],{"id":152539},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152542,152407],{},[47,152544,152546],{"className":49,"code":152545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152547,152548,152580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152549,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152551,9697],{"class":65},[56,152553,1217],{"class":827},[56,152555,11023],{"class":76},[56,152557,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152559,264],{"class":1020},[56,152561,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152563,1045],{"class":76},[56,152565,409],{"class":80},[56,152567,306],{"class":76},[56,152569,1231],{"class":1016},[56,152571,1234],{"class":1020},[56,152573,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152575,1045],{"class":76},[56,152577,414],{"class":80},[56,152579,9841],{"class":76},[56,152581,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152583,373],{"class":72},[56,152585,77],{"class":76},[56,152587,49456],{"class":378},[56,152589,77],{"class":76},[56,152591,9736],{"class":95},[56,152593,1635],{"class":76},[20,152595,152596],{},"returns only the keys:",[47,152598,152600],{"className":49,"code":152599,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152601,152602],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152603,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152605,77],{"class":76},[56,152607,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152609,264],{"class":1020},[56,152611,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152613,306],{"class":76},[56,152615,3839],{"class":1016},[56,152617,1234],{"class":1020},[56,152619,3844],{"class":1016},[56,152621,99],{"class":76},[20,152623,152624],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[47,152626,152628],{"className":49,"code":152627,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152629,152630],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152631,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152633,373],{"class":72},[56,152635,77],{"class":76},[56,152637,49456],{"class":378},[56,152639,77],{"class":76},[56,152641,9736],{"class":95},[56,152643,156],{"class":76},[56,152645,1271],{"class":95},[56,152647,6825],{"class":76},[353,152649,152651],{"id":152650},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152653,152654,152655,152657],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152656,38558],{}," conversion.",[20,152659,1584],{},[47,152661,152663],{"className":49,"code":152662,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152664,152665,152685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152666,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152668,2992],{"class":65},[56,152670,1217],{"class":827},[56,152672,9768],{"class":76},[56,152674,529],{"class":80},[56,152676,306],{"class":76},[56,152678,414],{"class":80},[56,152680,306],{"class":76},[56,152682,419],{"class":80},[56,152684,99],{"class":76},[56,152686,152687,152689,152691,152693],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152688,373],{"class":72},[56,152690,77],{"class":76},[56,152692,3017],{"class":95},[56,152694,99],{"class":76},[20,152696,152697],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152699,26039,152700,152702],{},[15,152701,38558],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[42,152704,2343],{"id":2342},[353,152706,152708],{"id":152707},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152710,152711],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[353,152713,152715],{"id":152714},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152717,152718,152719,156],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152720,7898],{},[353,152722,152724],{"id":152723},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152726,152727],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[353,152729,152731],{"id":152730},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152733,152734],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[353,152736,152738],{"id":152737},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152740,152741,152742,156],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152743,3547],{},[42,152745,2417],{"id":2416},[173,152747,152748,152752,152756,152760,152764,152768],{},[176,152749,152750],{},[264,152751,148274],{"href":148273},[176,152753,152754],{},[264,152755,151201],{"href":149577},[176,152757,152758],{},[264,152759,105338],{"href":60554},[176,152761,152762],{},[264,152763,151930],{"href":151929},[176,152765,152766],{},[264,152767,64048],{"href":64047},[176,152769,152770],{},[264,152771,62789],{"href":53101},[2451,152773,152774],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":152776},[152777,152778,152779,152780,152781,152788,152789,152790,152791,152797,152804],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":151404,"depth":87,"text":151405},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":149950,"depth":87,"text":149951},{"id":151573,"depth":87,"text":151574,"children":152782},[152783,152784,152785,152786,152787],{"id":151577,"depth":102,"text":151578},{"id":151665,"depth":102,"text":151666},{"id":151764,"depth":102,"text":151765},{"id":151844,"depth":102,"text":151845},{"id":151933,"depth":102,"text":151934},{"id":152038,"depth":87,"text":152039},{"id":152208,"depth":87,"text":152209},{"id":152302,"depth":87,"text":152303},{"id":115602,"depth":87,"text":115603,"children":152792},[152793,152794,152795,152796],{"id":152352,"depth":102,"text":152353},{"id":152403,"depth":102,"text":152404},{"id":152539,"depth":102,"text":152540},{"id":152650,"depth":102,"text":152651},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":152798},[152799,152800,152801,152802,152803],{"id":152707,"depth":102,"text":152708},{"id":152714,"depth":102,"text":152715},{"id":152723,"depth":102,"text":152724},{"id":152730,"depth":102,"text":152731},{"id":152737,"depth":102,"text":152738},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151259,"description":152805},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152812,"title":152813,"body":152814,"description":154227,"extension":2509,"meta":154228,"navigation":105,"path":154229,"seo":154230,"stem":154231,"__hash__":154232},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152815,"toc":154199},[152816,152821,152826,152829,152831,152910,152916,152921,152925,152940,152942,152989,152991,152999,153007,153013,153015,153020,153040,153043,153070,153072,153096,153098,153240,153242,153246,153254,153257,153259,153336,153338,153346,153350,153354,153364,153374,153376,153381,153383,153442,153447,153449,153549,153551,153565,153570,153576,153583,153586,153588,153698,153702,153719,153721,153784,153786,153794,153806,153810,153815,153843,153846,153928,153930,153941,153943,153947,153974,153976,153978,154058,154066,154068,154123,154125,154130,154133,154137,154141,154143,154147,154151,154159,154166,154169,154171,154196],[10,152817,148158,152819,11854],{"id":152818},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152820,59468],{},[20,152822,152823,152825],{},[15,152824,149479],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152827,152828],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[42,152830,45],{"id":44},[47,152832,152834],{"className":49,"code":152833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152835,152836,152876,152898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152837,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152839,13609],{"class":65},[56,152841,1217],{"class":827},[56,152843,9768],{"class":76},[56,152845,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152847,13626],{"class":1020},[56,152849,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152851,306],{"class":76},[56,152853,1231],{"class":1016},[56,152855,13643],{"class":1020},[56,152857,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152859,306],{"class":76},[56,152861,1231],{"class":1016},[56,152863,17990],{"class":1020},[56,152865,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152867,306],{"class":76},[56,152869,1231],{"class":1016},[56,152871,13643],{"class":1020},[56,152873,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152875,99],{"class":76},[56,152877,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152879,65418],{"class":65},[56,152881,1217],{"class":827},[56,152883,13657],{"class":65},[56,152885,156],{"class":76},[56,152887,1483],{"class":95},[56,152889,77],{"class":76},[56,152891,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152893,13643],{"class":1020},[56,152895,1017],{"class":1016},[56,152897,99],{"class":76},[56,152899,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,152901,373],{"class":72},[56,152903,77],{"class":76},[56,152905,65445],{"class":95},[56,152907,4202],{"class":76},[56,152909,28310],{"class":112},[20,152911,152912,152915],{},[15,152913,152914],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[42,152917,160,152919,163],{"id":152918},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152920,149479],{},[20,152922,2526,152923,11945],{},[15,152924,59468],{},[173,152926,152927,152930,152932,152935],{},[176,152928,152929],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[176,152931,128756],{},[176,152933,152934],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[176,152936,152937,152938],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152939,152],{},[20,152941,986],{},[47,152943,152945],{"className":49,"code":152944,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152946,152947,152971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152948,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152950,1594],{"class":65},[56,152952,1217],{"class":827},[56,152954,9768],{"class":76},[56,152956,2291],{"class":80},[56,152958,306],{"class":76},[56,152960,8323],{"class":80},[56,152962,306],{"class":76},[56,152964,8328],{"class":80},[56,152966,306],{"class":76},[56,152968,8323],{"class":80},[56,152970,99],{"class":76},[56,152972,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,152974,373],{"class":72},[56,152976,77],{"class":76},[56,152978,1618],{"class":95},[56,152980,156],{"class":76},[56,152982,1483],{"class":95},[56,152984,77],{"class":76},[56,152986,16289],{"class":80},[56,152988,1635],{"class":76},[20,152990,239],{},[47,152992,152993],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,152994,152995],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152996,152997],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152998,254],{"class":80},[20,153000,21513,153001,153003,153004,153006],{},[15,153002,16289],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153005,59468],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153008,151425,153009,156],{},[264,153010,153012],{"href":153011},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[42,153014,2702],{"id":2701},[20,153016,8296,153017,153019],{},[15,153018,59468],{}," in two ways:",[47,153021,153023],{"className":49,"code":153022,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153024,153025],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153026,153027,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153028,153029],{"class":65},"tuple_name",[56,153031,156],{"class":76},[56,153033,1483],{"class":95},[56,153035,77],{"class":76},[56,153037,3017],{"class":95},[56,153039,99],{"class":76},[20,153041,153042],{},"or:",[47,153044,153046],{"className":49,"code":153045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153047,153048],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153049,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153051,153029],{"class":65},[56,153053,156],{"class":76},[56,153055,1483],{"class":95},[56,153057,77],{"class":76},[56,153059,3017],{"class":95},[56,153061,306],{"class":76},[56,153063,36576],{"class":95},[56,153065,306],{"class":76},[56,153067,65539],{"class":95},[56,153069,99],{"class":76},[353,153071,17930],{"id":17929},[173,153073,153074,153079,153084,153089],{},[176,153075,153076,153078],{},[15,153077,3017],{}," — the item to search for",[176,153080,153081,153083],{},[15,153082,303],{}," — optional starting position",[176,153085,153086,153088],{},[15,153087,53162],{}," — optional ending position",[176,153090,153091,5322,153093,153095],{},[15,153092,53162],{},[37,153094,192],{}," in the search",[20,153097,986],{},[47,153099,153101],{"className":49,"code":153100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153102,153103,153151,153155,153180,153208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153104,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153106,36614],{"class":65},[56,153108,1217],{"class":827},[56,153110,9768],{"class":76},[56,153112,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153114,264],{"class":1020},[56,153116,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153118,306],{"class":76},[56,153120,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153122,1234],{"class":1020},[56,153124,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153126,306],{"class":76},[56,153128,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153130,1243],{"class":1020},[56,153132,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153134,306],{"class":76},[56,153136,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153138,1234],{"class":1020},[56,153140,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153142,306],{"class":76},[56,153144,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153146,19303],{"class":1020},[56,153148,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153150,99],{"class":76},[56,153152,153153],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153154,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,153156,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153158,373],{"class":72},[56,153160,77],{"class":76},[56,153162,36666],{"class":95},[56,153164,156],{"class":76},[56,153166,1483],{"class":95},[56,153168,77],{"class":76},[56,153170,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153172,1234],{"class":1020},[56,153174,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153176,5901],{"class":76},[56,153178,153179],{"class":112},"        # 1\n",[56,153181,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,153183,373],{"class":72},[56,153185,77],{"class":76},[56,153187,36666],{"class":95},[56,153189,156],{"class":76},[56,153191,1483],{"class":95},[56,153193,77],{"class":76},[56,153195,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153197,1234],{"class":1020},[56,153199,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153201,306],{"class":76},[56,153203,414],{"class":80},[56,153205,5901],{"class":76},[56,153207,51419],{"class":112},[56,153209,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,153211,373],{"class":72},[56,153213,77],{"class":76},[56,153215,36666],{"class":95},[56,153217,156],{"class":76},[56,153219,1483],{"class":95},[56,153221,77],{"class":76},[56,153223,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153225,1234],{"class":1020},[56,153227,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153229,306],{"class":76},[56,153231,409],{"class":80},[56,153233,306],{"class":76},[56,153235,419],{"class":80},[56,153237,5901],{"class":76},[56,153239,28310],{"class":112},[42,153241,103665],{"id":103664},[20,153243,153244,26042],{},[15,153245,149479],{},[173,153247,153248,153251],{},[176,153249,153250],{},"An integer",[176,153252,153253],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153255,153256],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153258,986],{},[47,153260,153262],{"className":49,"code":153261,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153263,153264,153304,153326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153265,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153267,108764],{"class":65},[56,153269,1217],{"class":827},[56,153271,9768],{"class":76},[56,153273,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153275,37561],{"class":1020},[56,153277,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153279,306],{"class":76},[56,153281,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153283,58627],{"class":1020},[56,153285,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153287,306],{"class":76},[56,153289,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153291,58644],{"class":1020},[56,153293,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153295,306],{"class":76},[56,153297,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153299,58627],{"class":1020},[56,153301,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153303,99],{"class":76},[56,153305,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153307,2775],{"class":65},[56,153309,1217],{"class":827},[56,153311,108807],{"class":65},[56,153313,156],{"class":76},[56,153315,1483],{"class":95},[56,153317,77],{"class":76},[56,153319,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153321,58627],{"class":1020},[56,153323,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153325,99],{"class":76},[56,153327,153328,153330,153332,153334],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153329,373],{"class":72},[56,153331,77],{"class":76},[56,153333,2809],{"class":95},[56,153335,99],{"class":76},[20,153337,239],{},[47,153339,153340],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,153341,153342],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153343,153344],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153345,254],{"class":80},[42,153347,153349],{"id":153348},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153351,2638,153352,11133],{},[15,153353,149479],{},[173,153355,153356,153358,153361],{},[176,153357,66596],{},[176,153359,153360],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[176,153362,153363],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153365,153366,153367,153370,153371,156],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153368,153369],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[264,153372,149947],{"href":153373},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[42,153375,66128],{"id":66127},[20,153377,153378,153379,156],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153380,953],{},[20,153382,986],{},[47,153384,153386],{"className":49,"code":153385,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153387,153388,153420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153389,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153391,13609],{"class":65},[56,153393,1217],{"class":827},[56,153395,9768],{"class":76},[56,153397,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153399,13626],{"class":1020},[56,153401,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153403,306],{"class":76},[56,153405,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153407,13643],{"class":1020},[56,153409,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153411,306],{"class":76},[56,153413,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153415,17990],{"class":1020},[56,153417,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153419,99],{"class":76},[56,153421,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153423,373],{"class":72},[56,153425,77],{"class":76},[56,153427,18037],{"class":95},[56,153429,156],{"class":76},[56,153431,1483],{"class":95},[56,153433,77],{"class":76},[56,153435,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153437,23060],{"class":1020},[56,153439,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153441,1635],{"class":76},[20,153443,40164,153444,153446],{},[15,153445,110089],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153448,66203],{},[47,153450,153452],{"className":49,"code":153451,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153453,153454,153486,153490,153506,153528,153534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153455,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153457,13609],{"class":65},[56,153459,1217],{"class":827},[56,153461,9768],{"class":76},[56,153463,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153465,13626],{"class":1020},[56,153467,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153469,306],{"class":76},[56,153471,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153473,13643],{"class":1020},[56,153475,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153477,306],{"class":76},[56,153479,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153481,17990],{"class":1020},[56,153483,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153485,99],{"class":76},[56,153487,153488],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153489,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,153491,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153493,7529],{"class":62},[56,153495,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153497,23060],{"class":1020},[56,153499,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153501,21709],{"class":827},[56,153503,13657],{"class":65},[56,153505,1390],{"class":76},[56,153507,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,153509,90],{"class":72},[56,153511,77],{"class":76},[56,153513,18037],{"class":95},[56,153515,156],{"class":76},[56,153517,1483],{"class":95},[56,153519,77],{"class":76},[56,153521,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153523,23060],{"class":1020},[56,153525,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153527,1635],{"class":76},[56,153529,153530,153532],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,153531,27964],{"class":62},[56,153533,1390],{"class":76},[56,153535,153536,153538,153540,153542,153545,153547],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,153537,90],{"class":72},[56,153539,77],{"class":76},[56,153541,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153543,153544],{"class":1020},"Value not found",[56,153546,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153548,99],{"class":76},[20,153550,239],{},[47,153552,153554],{"className":49,"code":153553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Value not found\n",[15,153555,153556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153557,153558,153561,153563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153559,153560],{"class":65},"Value ",[56,153562,5170],{"class":827},[56,153564,66327],{"class":65},[20,153566,153567,153568,156],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[264,153569,66337],{"href":66336},[42,153571,958,153572,4935,153574],{"id":65904},[15,153573,303],{},[15,153575,53162],{},[20,153577,2526,153578,4935,153580,153582],{},[15,153579,303],{},[15,153581,53162],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153584,153585],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153587,986],{},[47,153589,153591],{"className":49,"code":153590,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153592,153593,153621,153625,153646,153670],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153594,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153596,4364],{"class":65},[56,153598,1217],{"class":827},[56,153600,9768],{"class":76},[56,153602,81],{"class":80},[56,153604,306],{"class":76},[56,153606,534],{"class":80},[56,153608,306],{"class":76},[56,153610,496],{"class":80},[56,153612,306],{"class":76},[56,153614,8323],{"class":80},[56,153616,306],{"class":76},[56,153618,496],{"class":80},[56,153620,99],{"class":76},[56,153622,153623],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153624,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,153626,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153628,373],{"class":72},[56,153630,77],{"class":76},[56,153632,5898],{"class":95},[56,153634,156],{"class":76},[56,153636,1483],{"class":95},[56,153638,77],{"class":76},[56,153640,81],{"class":80},[56,153642,5901],{"class":76},[56,153644,153645],{"class":112},"        # 0\n",[56,153647,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,153649,373],{"class":72},[56,153651,77],{"class":76},[56,153653,5898],{"class":95},[56,153655,156],{"class":76},[56,153657,1483],{"class":95},[56,153659,77],{"class":76},[56,153661,81],{"class":80},[56,153663,306],{"class":76},[56,153665,409],{"class":80},[56,153667,5901],{"class":76},[56,153669,51453],{"class":112},[56,153671,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,153673,373],{"class":72},[56,153675,77],{"class":76},[56,153677,5898],{"class":95},[56,153679,156],{"class":76},[56,153681,1483],{"class":95},[56,153683,77],{"class":76},[56,153685,81],{"class":80},[56,153687,306],{"class":76},[56,153689,419],{"class":80},[56,153691,306],{"class":76},[56,153693,496],{"class":80},[56,153695,5901],{"class":76},[56,153697,51436],{"class":112},[353,153699,153701],{"id":153700},"how-it-works","How it works",[173,153703,153704,153709,153714],{},[176,153705,153706,153708],{},[15,153707,303],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[176,153710,153711,153713],{},[15,153712,53162],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[176,153715,2526,153716,153718],{},[15,153717,53162],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153720,986],{},[47,153722,153724],{"className":49,"code":153723,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153725,153726,153754,153758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153727,153728,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153729,4364],{"class":65},[56,153731,1217],{"class":827},[56,153733,9768],{"class":76},[56,153735,81],{"class":80},[56,153737,306],{"class":76},[56,153739,534],{"class":80},[56,153741,306],{"class":76},[56,153743,496],{"class":80},[56,153745,306],{"class":76},[56,153747,8323],{"class":80},[56,153749,306],{"class":76},[56,153751,496],{"class":80},[56,153753,99],{"class":76},[56,153755,153756],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153757,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,153759,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153761,373],{"class":72},[56,153763,77],{"class":76},[56,153765,5898],{"class":95},[56,153767,156],{"class":76},[56,153769,1483],{"class":95},[56,153771,77],{"class":76},[56,153773,81],{"class":80},[56,153775,306],{"class":76},[56,153777,409],{"class":80},[56,153779,306],{"class":76},[56,153781,424],{"class":80},[56,153783,1635],{"class":76},[20,153785,239],{},[47,153787,153788],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,153789,153790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153791,153792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153793,259],{"class":80},[20,153795,153796,153797,2735,153799,17607,153801,153803,153804,156],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153798,529],{},[15,153800,463],{},[15,153802,223],{},", but not ",[15,153805,1603],{},[42,153807,153809],{"id":153808},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153811,153812,153813,1045],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153814,149479],{},[173,153816,153817,153825,153830,153837],{},[176,153818,153819,153820,153822,153823],{},"Do not confuse the ",[37,153821,3017],{}," with the ",[37,153824,1483],{},[176,153826,153827,153828],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153829,152],{},[176,153831,2638,153832,153836],{},[264,153833,149505,153834,11273],{"href":149557},[15,153835,57790],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[176,153838,153839,153840,153842],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153841,153369],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153844,153845],{},"Example of value vs index:",[47,153847,153849],{"className":49,"code":153848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153850,153851,153883,153887,153911],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153852,153853,153855,153857,153859,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153854,36756],{"class":65},[56,153856,1217],{"class":827},[56,153858,9768],{"class":76},[56,153860,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153862,4619],{"class":1020},[56,153864,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153866,306],{"class":76},[56,153868,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153870,4628],{"class":1020},[56,153872,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153874,306],{"class":76},[56,153876,1231],{"class":1016},[56,153878,33751],{"class":1020},[56,153880,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153882,99],{"class":76},[56,153884,153885],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153886,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,153888,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153890,373],{"class":72},[56,153892,77],{"class":76},[56,153894,36808],{"class":95},[56,153896,156],{"class":76},[56,153898,1483],{"class":95},[56,153900,77],{"class":76},[56,153902,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153904,4628],{"class":1020},[56,153906,1017],{"class":1016},[56,153908,5901],{"class":76},[56,153910,28310],{"class":112},[56,153912,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,153914,373],{"class":72},[56,153916,77],{"class":76},[56,153918,36808],{"class":95},[56,153920,402],{"class":76},[56,153922,529],{"class":80},[56,153924,20981],{"class":76},[56,153926,153927],{"class":112},"               # banana\n",[20,153929,2724],{},[173,153931,153932,153936],{},[176,153933,153934,15781],{},[15,153935,65772],{},[176,153937,153938,153940],{},[15,153939,529],{}," is the index",[42,153942,3374],{"id":3373},[20,153944,106403,153945,1045],{},[15,153946,149479],{},[173,153948,153949,153952,153957,153962,153969],{},[176,153950,153951],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[176,153953,8983,153954,153956],{},[15,153955,59468],{}," to return all matching positions",[176,153958,153959,153960],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153961,152],{},[176,153963,153964,153965,4935,153967],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153966,303],{},[15,153968,53162],{},[176,153970,37718,153971,153973],{},[15,153972,149479],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[353,153975,61209],{"id":61208},[20,153977,94665],{},[47,153979,153981],{"className":49,"code":153980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153982,153983,153993,154007,154022,154040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153984,153985,153987,153989,153991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153986,373],{"class":72},[56,153988,77],{"class":76},[56,153990,148292],{"class":95},[56,153992,99],{"class":76},[56,153994,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,153996,373],{"class":72},[56,153998,77],{"class":76},[56,154000,1266],{"class":72},[56,154002,77],{"class":76},[56,154004,148292],{"class":95},[56,154006,1635],{"class":76},[56,154008,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154020],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154010,373],{"class":72},[56,154012,77],{"class":76},[56,154014,2992],{"class":95},[56,154016,69],{"class":62},[56,154018,154019],{"class":95}," my_tuple",[56,154021,99],{"class":76},[56,154023,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,154025,373],{"class":72},[56,154027,77],{"class":76},[56,154029,148292],{"class":95},[56,154031,156],{"class":76},[56,154033,41770],{"class":95},[56,154035,77],{"class":76},[56,154037,3017],{"class":95},[56,154039,1635],{"class":76},[56,154041,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,154043,373],{"class":72},[56,154045,77],{"class":76},[56,154047,148292],{"class":95},[56,154049,156],{"class":76},[56,154051,1483],{"class":95},[56,154053,77],{"class":76},[56,154055,3017],{"class":95},[56,154057,1635],{"class":76},[20,154059,154060,154061,84884,154063,154065],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154062,953],{},[15,154064,3017],{}," is missing.",[20,154067,129909],{},[47,154069,154071],{"className":49,"code":154070,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154072,154073,154085,154103,154109],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154074,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154076,7529],{"class":62},[56,154078,22120],{"class":65},[56,154080,69],{"class":827},[56,154082,154019],{"class":65},[56,154084,1390],{"class":76},[56,154086,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154088,90],{"class":72},[56,154090,77],{"class":76},[56,154092,148292],{"class":95},[56,154094,156],{"class":76},[56,154096,1483],{"class":95},[56,154098,77],{"class":76},[56,154100,3017],{"class":95},[56,154102,1635],{"class":76},[56,154104,154105,154107],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154106,27964],{"class":62},[56,154108,1390],{"class":76},[56,154110,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,154112,90],{"class":72},[56,154114,77],{"class":76},[56,154116,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154118,153544],{"class":1020},[56,154120,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154122,99],{"class":76},[42,154124,2343],{"id":2342},[353,154126,5682,154128,13249],{"id":154127},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154129,149479],{},[20,154131,154132],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[353,154134,154136],{"id":154135},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154138,154139,153006],{},[15,154140,149479],{},[353,154142,149458],{"id":149457},[20,154144,950,154145,156],{},[15,154146,953],{},[353,154148,154150],{"id":154149},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154152,154153,154154,4935,154156,154158],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154155,303],{},[15,154157,53162],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[353,154160,2385,154162,57705,154164,2363],{"id":154161},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154163,149479],{},[15,154165,65364],{},[20,154167,154168],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[42,154170,2417],{"id":2416},[173,154172,154173,154179,154183,154188,154192],{},[176,154174,154175],{},[264,154176,149505,154177,11273],{"href":149557},[15,154178,57790],{},[176,154180,154181],{},[264,154182,149947],{"href":153373},[176,154184,154185],{},[264,154186,154187],{"href":151253},"Creating a tuple in Python",[176,154189,154190],{},[264,154191,66337],{"href":66336},[176,154193,154194],{},[264,154195,151201],{"href":153011},[2451,154197,154198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702,"children":154205},[154206],{"id":17929,"depth":102,"text":17930},{"id":103664,"depth":87,"text":103665},{"id":153348,"depth":87,"text":153349},{"id":66127,"depth":87,"text":66128},{"id":65904,"depth":87,"text":66687,"children":154211},[154212],{"id":153700,"depth":102,"text":153701},{"id":153808,"depth":87,"text":153809},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374,"children":154215},[154216],{"id":61208,"depth":102,"text":61209},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":154218},[154219,154221,154222,154223,154224],{"id":154127,"depth":102,"text":154220},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154135,"depth":102,"text":154136},{"id":149457,"depth":102,"text":149458},{"id":154149,"depth":102,"text":154150},{"id":154161,"depth":102,"text":154225},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152813,"description":154227},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154234,"title":154235,"body":154236,"description":155631,"extension":2509,"meta":155632,"navigation":105,"path":153373,"seo":155633,"stem":155634,"__hash__":155635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154237,"toc":155613},[154238,154241,154244,154247,154261,154263,154266,154360,154370,154376,154380,154383,154386,154388,154406,154408,154479,154481,154498,154502,154506,154509,154526,154529,154544,154546,154637,154640,154644,154647,154664,154666,154761,154764,154767,154771,154774,154868,154870,154889,154892,154896,154899,154901,154956,154958,154993,154996,155010,155018,155111,155120,155124,155127,155134,155137,155184,155186,155194,155197,155248,155250,155267,155272,155276,155279,155282,155284,155335,155338,155393,155396,155399,155401,155404,155424,155426,155499,155502,155515,155517,155521,155526,155530,155535,155552,155556,155559,155576,155580,155583,155585,155610],[10,154239,154235],{"id":154240},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154242,154243],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154245,154246],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[173,154248,154249,154252,154255,154258],{},[176,154250,154251],{},"positive indexes",[176,154253,154254],{},"negative indexes",[176,154256,154257],{},"common indexing mistakes",[176,154259,154260],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[42,154262,4151],{"id":4150},[20,154264,154265],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[47,154267,154269],{"className":49,"code":154268,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154270,154271,154303,154307,154324,154341],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154272,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154274,13609],{"class":65},[56,154276,1217],{"class":827},[56,154278,9768],{"class":76},[56,154280,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154282,13626],{"class":1020},[56,154284,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154286,306],{"class":76},[56,154288,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154290,17990],{"class":1020},[56,154292,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154294,306],{"class":76},[56,154296,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154298,13643],{"class":1020},[56,154300,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154302,99],{"class":76},[56,154304,154305],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154306,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,154308,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154310,373],{"class":72},[56,154312,77],{"class":76},[56,154314,18037],{"class":95},[56,154316,402],{"class":76},[56,154318,152],{"class":80},[56,154320,20981],{"class":76},[56,154322,154323],{"class":112},"   # red\n",[56,154325,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,154327,373],{"class":72},[56,154329,77],{"class":76},[56,154331,18037],{"class":95},[56,154333,402],{"class":76},[56,154335,529],{"class":80},[56,154337,20981],{"class":76},[56,154339,154340],{"class":112},"   # green\n",[56,154342,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,154344,373],{"class":72},[56,154346,77],{"class":76},[56,154348,18037],{"class":95},[56,154350,402],{"class":76},[56,154352,2568],{"class":827},[56,154354,529],{"class":80},[56,154356,20981],{"class":76},[56,154358,154359],{"class":112},"  # blue\n",[173,154361,154362,154367],{},[176,154363,132698,154364,154366],{},[15,154365,152],{}," is the first item.",[176,154368,154369],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154371,154372,154373,156],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[264,154374,154375],{"href":148277},"how to create a tuple in Python",[42,154377,154379],{"id":154378},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154381,154382],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154384,154385],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154387,11991],{},[173,154389,154390,154393,154400,154403],{},[176,154391,154392],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[176,154394,154395,154396,1807,154398],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154397,152],{},[15,154399,529],{},[176,154401,154402],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[176,154404,154405],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154407,986],{},[47,154409,154411],{"className":49,"code":154410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154412,154413,154433,154437,154451,154465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154414,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154416,1594],{"class":65},[56,154418,1217],{"class":827},[56,154420,9768],{"class":76},[56,154422,2291],{"class":80},[56,154424,306],{"class":76},[56,154426,8323],{"class":80},[56,154428,306],{"class":76},[56,154430,8328],{"class":80},[56,154432,99],{"class":76},[56,154434,154435],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154436,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,154438,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154440,373],{"class":72},[56,154442,77],{"class":76},[56,154444,1618],{"class":95},[56,154446,402],{"class":76},[56,154448,152],{"class":80},[56,154450,1294],{"class":76},[56,154452,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,154454,373],{"class":72},[56,154456,77],{"class":76},[56,154458,1618],{"class":95},[56,154460,402],{"class":76},[56,154462,529],{"class":80},[56,154464,1294],{"class":76},[56,154466,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,154468,373],{"class":72},[56,154470,77],{"class":76},[56,154472,1618],{"class":95},[56,154474,402],{"class":76},[56,154476,463],{"class":80},[56,154478,1294],{"class":76},[20,154480,239],{},[47,154482,154484],{"className":49,"code":154483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154485,154486,154490,154494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154487,154488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154489,2921],{"class":80},[56,154491,154492],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154493,71720],{"class":80},[56,154495,154496],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154497,70336],{"class":80},[20,154499,59893,154500,156],{},[264,154501,148274],{"href":148273},[42,154503,154505],{"id":154504},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154507,154508],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[173,154510,154511,154516,154521],{},[176,154512,154513,154515],{},[15,154514,152],{}," = first item",[176,154517,154518,154520],{},[15,154519,529],{}," = second item",[176,154522,154523,154525],{},[15,154524,463],{}," = third item",[20,154527,154528],{},"Pattern:",[47,154530,154532],{"className":49,"code":154531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154533,154534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154535,154536,154538,154540,154542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154537,153029],{"class":65},[56,154539,402],{"class":76},[56,154541,1483],{"class":65},[56,154543,427],{"class":76},[20,154545,986],{},[47,154547,154549],{"className":49,"code":154548,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154550,154551,154583,154587,154604,154620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154552,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154554,36756],{"class":65},[56,154556,1217],{"class":827},[56,154558,9768],{"class":76},[56,154560,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154562,4619],{"class":1020},[56,154564,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154566,306],{"class":76},[56,154568,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154570,4628],{"class":1020},[56,154572,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154574,306],{"class":76},[56,154576,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154578,4637],{"class":1020},[56,154580,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154582,99],{"class":76},[56,154584,154585],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154586,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,154588,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154590,373],{"class":72},[56,154592,77],{"class":76},[56,154594,36808],{"class":95},[56,154596,402],{"class":76},[56,154598,152],{"class":80},[56,154600,20981],{"class":76},[56,154602,154603],{"class":112},"  # apple\n",[56,154605,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,154607,373],{"class":72},[56,154609,77],{"class":76},[56,154611,36808],{"class":95},[56,154613,402],{"class":76},[56,154615,529],{"class":80},[56,154617,20981],{"class":76},[56,154619,51987],{"class":112},[56,154621,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,154623,373],{"class":72},[56,154625,77],{"class":76},[56,154627,36808],{"class":95},[56,154629,402],{"class":76},[56,154631,463],{"class":80},[56,154633,20981],{"class":76},[56,154635,154636],{"class":112},"  # cherry\n",[20,154638,154639],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[42,154641,154643],{"id":154642},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154645,154646],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[173,154648,154649,154654,154659],{},[176,154650,154651,154653],{},[15,154652,66352],{}," = last item",[176,154655,154656,154658],{},[15,154657,95695],{}," = second-to-last item",[176,154660,154661,154663],{},[15,154662,48175],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154665,986],{},[47,154667,154669],{"className":49,"code":154668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154670,154671,154703,154707,154725,154743],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154672,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154674,36756],{"class":65},[56,154676,1217],{"class":827},[56,154678,9768],{"class":76},[56,154680,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154682,4619],{"class":1020},[56,154684,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154686,306],{"class":76},[56,154688,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154690,4628],{"class":1020},[56,154692,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154694,306],{"class":76},[56,154696,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154698,4637],{"class":1020},[56,154700,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154702,99],{"class":76},[56,154704,154705],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154706,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,154708,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154710,373],{"class":72},[56,154712,77],{"class":76},[56,154714,36808],{"class":95},[56,154716,402],{"class":76},[56,154718,2568],{"class":827},[56,154720,529],{"class":80},[56,154722,20981],{"class":76},[56,154724,154636],{"class":112},[56,154726,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,154728,373],{"class":72},[56,154730,77],{"class":76},[56,154732,36808],{"class":95},[56,154734,402],{"class":76},[56,154736,2568],{"class":827},[56,154738,463],{"class":80},[56,154740,20981],{"class":76},[56,154742,51987],{"class":112},[56,154744,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,154746,373],{"class":72},[56,154748,77],{"class":76},[56,154750,36808],{"class":95},[56,154752,402],{"class":76},[56,154754,2568],{"class":827},[56,154756,223],{"class":80},[56,154758,20981],{"class":76},[56,154760,154603],{"class":112},[20,154762,154763],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154765,154766],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[42,154768,154770],{"id":154769},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154772,154773],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[47,154775,154777],{"className":49,"code":154776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154778,154779,154811,154815,154832,154849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154780,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154782,5534],{"class":65},[56,154784,1217],{"class":827},[56,154786,9768],{"class":76},[56,154788,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154790,13414],{"class":1020},[56,154792,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154794,306],{"class":76},[56,154796,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154798,36467],{"class":1020},[56,154800,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154802,306],{"class":76},[56,154804,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154806,36476],{"class":1020},[56,154808,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154810,99],{"class":76},[56,154812,154813],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154814,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,154816,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154818,373],{"class":72},[56,154820,77],{"class":76},[56,154822,5578],{"class":95},[56,154824,402],{"class":76},[56,154826,152],{"class":80},[56,154828,20981],{"class":76},[56,154830,154831],{"class":112},"   # first item\n",[56,154833,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,154835,373],{"class":72},[56,154837,77],{"class":76},[56,154839,5578],{"class":95},[56,154841,402],{"class":76},[56,154843,529],{"class":80},[56,154845,20981],{"class":76},[56,154847,154848],{"class":112},"   # middle item\n",[56,154850,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,154852,373],{"class":72},[56,154854,77],{"class":76},[56,154856,5578],{"class":95},[56,154858,402],{"class":76},[56,154860,2568],{"class":827},[56,154862,529],{"class":80},[56,154864,20981],{"class":76},[56,154866,154867],{"class":112},"  # last item\n",[20,154869,239],{},[47,154871,154873],{"className":49,"code":154872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154874,154875,154879,154884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154876,154877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154878,50543],{"class":65},[56,154880,154881],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154882,154883],{"class":65},"Ben\n",[56,154885,154886],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154887,154888],{"class":65},"Cara\n",[20,154890,154891],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[42,154893,154895],{"id":154894},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154897,154898],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154900,986],{},[47,154902,154904],{"className":49,"code":154903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154905,154906,154938,154942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154907,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154909,36614],{"class":65},[56,154911,1217],{"class":827},[56,154913,9768],{"class":76},[56,154915,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154917,264],{"class":1020},[56,154919,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154921,306],{"class":76},[56,154923,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154925,1234],{"class":1020},[56,154927,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154929,306],{"class":76},[56,154931,1231],{"class":1016},[56,154933,1243],{"class":1020},[56,154935,1017],{"class":1016},[56,154937,99],{"class":76},[56,154939,154940],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154941,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,154943,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154945,373],{"class":72},[56,154947,77],{"class":76},[56,154949,36666],{"class":95},[56,154951,402],{"class":76},[56,154953,81],{"class":80},[56,154955,1294],{"class":76},[20,154957,239],{},[47,154959,154961],{"className":49,"code":154960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154962,154963,154975,154980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154964,154965,154968,154970,154973],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154966,154967],{"class":95},"Traceback ",[56,154969,77],{"class":76},[56,154971,154972],{"class":95},"most recent call last",[56,154974,84],{"class":76},[56,154976,154977],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,154978,154979],{"class":34982},"  ...\n",[56,154981,154982,154984,154986,154988,154991],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154983,71227],{"class":378},[56,154985,1045],{"class":76},[56,154987,149640],{"class":378},[56,154989,154990],{"class":65}," index out of ",[56,154992,71419],{"class":72},[20,154994,154995],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[173,154997,154998,155002,155006],{},[176,154999,155000],{},[15,155001,152],{},[176,155003,155004],{},[15,155005,529],{},[176,155007,155008],{},[15,155009,463],{},[20,155011,155012,155013,156],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[264,155014,155015,155017],{"href":149512},[15,155016,1331],{}," on a tuple",[47,155019,155021],{"className":49,"code":155020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155022,155023,155055,155059,155075,155079,155097],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155024,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155026,36614],{"class":65},[56,155028,1217],{"class":827},[56,155030,9768],{"class":76},[56,155032,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155034,264],{"class":1020},[56,155036,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155038,306],{"class":76},[56,155040,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155042,1234],{"class":1020},[56,155044,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155046,306],{"class":76},[56,155048,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155050,1243],{"class":1020},[56,155052,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155054,99],{"class":76},[56,155056,155057],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155058,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,155060,155061,155063,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155062,373],{"class":72},[56,155064,77],{"class":76},[56,155066,1266],{"class":72},[56,155068,77],{"class":76},[56,155070,36666],{"class":95},[56,155072,5901],{"class":76},[56,155074,51271],{"class":112},[56,155076,155077],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,155078,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,155080,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,155082,7529],{"class":62},[56,155084,38897],{"class":72},[56,155086,77],{"class":76},[56,155088,36666],{"class":95},[56,155090,4202],{"class":76},[56,155092,38907],{"class":827},[56,155094,414],{"class":80},[56,155096,1390],{"class":76},[56,155098,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,155100,90],{"class":72},[56,155102,77],{"class":76},[56,155104,36666],{"class":95},[56,155106,402],{"class":76},[56,155108,463],{"class":80},[56,155110,1294],{"class":76},[20,155112,155113,155114,156],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[264,155115,26212,155117],{"href":155116},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155118,155119],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[42,155121,155123],{"id":155122},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155125,155126],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[173,155128,155129,155131],{},[176,155130,77366],{},[176,155132,155133],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155135,155136],{},"Indexing example:",[47,155138,155140],{"className":49,"code":155139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155141,155142,155166,155170],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155143,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155145,1594],{"class":65},[56,155147,1217],{"class":827},[56,155149,9768],{"class":76},[56,155151,2291],{"class":80},[56,155153,306],{"class":76},[56,155155,8323],{"class":80},[56,155157,306],{"class":76},[56,155159,8328],{"class":80},[56,155161,306],{"class":76},[56,155163,51344],{"class":80},[56,155165,99],{"class":76},[56,155167,155168],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155169,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,155171,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155173,373],{"class":72},[56,155175,77],{"class":76},[56,155177,1618],{"class":95},[56,155179,402],{"class":76},[56,155181,529],{"class":80},[56,155183,1294],{"class":76},[20,155185,239],{},[47,155187,155188],{"className":49,"code":71720,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155189,155190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155191,155192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155193,71720],{"class":80},[20,155195,155196],{},"Slicing example:",[47,155198,155200],{"className":49,"code":155199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155201,155202,155226,155230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155203,155204,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155205,1594],{"class":65},[56,155207,1217],{"class":827},[56,155209,9768],{"class":76},[56,155211,2291],{"class":80},[56,155213,306],{"class":76},[56,155215,8323],{"class":80},[56,155217,306],{"class":76},[56,155219,8328],{"class":80},[56,155221,306],{"class":76},[56,155223,51344],{"class":80},[56,155225,99],{"class":76},[56,155227,155228],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155229,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,155231,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155233,373],{"class":72},[56,155235,77],{"class":76},[56,155237,1618],{"class":95},[56,155239,402],{"class":76},[56,155241,529],{"class":80},[56,155243,1045],{"class":76},[56,155245,223],{"class":80},[56,155247,1294],{"class":76},[20,155249,239],{},[47,155251,155253],{"className":49,"code":155252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155254,155255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155256,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155258,77],{"class":76},[56,155260,16289],{"class":80},[56,155262,306],{"class":76},[56,155264,8328],{"class":80},[56,155266,99],{"class":76},[20,155268,155269,155270,156],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[264,155271,151191],{"href":151190},[42,155273,155275],{"id":155274},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155277,155278],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155280,155281],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155283,7219],{},[47,155285,155287],{"className":49,"code":155286,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155288,155289,155321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155290,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155292,13609],{"class":65},[56,155294,1217],{"class":827},[56,155296,9768],{"class":76},[56,155298,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155300,13626],{"class":1020},[56,155302,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155304,306],{"class":76},[56,155306,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155308,17990],{"class":1020},[56,155310,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155312,306],{"class":76},[56,155314,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155316,13643],{"class":1020},[56,155318,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155320,99],{"class":76},[56,155322,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155324,373],{"class":72},[56,155326,77],{"class":76},[56,155328,18037],{"class":95},[56,155330,402],{"class":76},[56,155332,529],{"class":80},[56,155334,1294],{"class":76},[20,155336,155337],{},"But this does not work:",[47,155339,155341],{"className":49,"code":155340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155342,155343,155375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155344,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155346,13609],{"class":65},[56,155348,1217],{"class":827},[56,155350,9768],{"class":76},[56,155352,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155354,13626],{"class":1020},[56,155356,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155358,306],{"class":76},[56,155360,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155362,17990],{"class":1020},[56,155364,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155366,306],{"class":76},[56,155368,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155370,13643],{"class":1020},[56,155372,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155374,99],{"class":76},[56,155376,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155378,18037],{"class":65},[56,155380,402],{"class":76},[56,155382,529],{"class":80},[56,155384,13807],{"class":76},[56,155386,13810],{"class":827},[56,155388,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155390,23060],{"class":1020},[56,155392,3903],{"class":1016},[20,155394,155395],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155397,155398],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[42,155400,3374],{"id":3373},[20,155402,155403],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[173,155405,155406,155412,155415,155418],{},[176,155407,133002,155408,11624,155410],{},[15,155409,529],{},[15,155411,152],{},[176,155413,155414],{},"Using an index that is too large",[176,155416,155417],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[176,155419,155420,155421],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155422,155423],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155425,62793],{},[47,155427,155429],{"className":49,"code":155428,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155430,155431,155441,155455,155469,155485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155432,155433,155435,155437,155439],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155434,373],{"class":72},[56,155436,77],{"class":76},[56,155438,148292],{"class":95},[56,155440,99],{"class":76},[56,155442,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155444,373],{"class":72},[56,155446,77],{"class":76},[56,155448,1266],{"class":72},[56,155450,77],{"class":76},[56,155452,148292],{"class":95},[56,155454,1635],{"class":76},[56,155456,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155458,373],{"class":72},[56,155460,77],{"class":76},[56,155462,148292],{"class":95},[56,155464,402],{"class":76},[56,155466,152],{"class":80},[56,155468,1294],{"class":76},[56,155470,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,155472,373],{"class":72},[56,155474,77],{"class":76},[56,155476,148292],{"class":95},[56,155478,402],{"class":76},[56,155480,2568],{"class":827},[56,155482,529],{"class":80},[56,155484,1294],{"class":76},[56,155486,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,155488,373],{"class":72},[56,155490,77],{"class":76},[56,155492,2312],{"class":378},[56,155494,77],{"class":76},[56,155496,148292],{"class":95},[56,155498,1635],{"class":76},[20,155500,155501],{},"These can help you confirm:",[173,155503,155504,155507,155509,155512],{},[176,155505,155506],{},"what the tuple contains",[176,155508,61283],{},[176,155510,155511],{},"what the first and last items are",[176,155513,155514],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[42,155516,2343],{"id":2342},[353,155518,155520],{"id":155519},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155522,155523,155524,156],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155525,152],{},[353,155527,155529],{"id":155528},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155531,2638,155532,155534],{},[15,155533,66352],{}," as the index:",[47,155536,155538],{"className":49,"code":155537,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155539,155540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155541,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155543,148292],{"class":65},[56,155545,402],{"class":76},[56,155547,2568],{"class":827},[56,155549,529],{"class":80},[56,155551,427],{"class":76},[353,155553,155555],{"id":155554},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155557,155558],{},"Python raises:",[47,155560,155562],{"className":49,"code":155561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155563,155564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155565,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155567,71227],{"class":378},[56,155569,1045],{"class":76},[56,155571,149640],{"class":378},[56,155573,154990],{"class":65},[56,155575,71419],{"class":72},[353,155577,155579],{"id":155578},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155581,155582],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[42,155584,2417],{"id":2416},[173,155586,155587,155592,155596,155600,155606],{},[176,155588,155589],{},[264,155590,155591],{"href":148277},"How to create a tuple in Python",[176,155593,155594],{},[264,155595,151191],{"href":151190},[176,155597,155598],{},[264,155599,151196],{"href":149512},[176,155601,155602],{},[264,155603,26652,155604],{"href":155116},[15,155605,155119],{},[176,155607,155608],{},[264,155609,148274],{"href":148273},[2451,155611,155612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":155614},[155615,155616,155617,155618,155619,155620,155621,155622,155623,155624,155630],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":154378,"depth":87,"text":154379},{"id":154504,"depth":87,"text":154505},{"id":154642,"depth":87,"text":154643},{"id":154769,"depth":87,"text":154770},{"id":154894,"depth":87,"text":154895},{"id":155122,"depth":87,"text":155123},{"id":155274,"depth":87,"text":155275},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":155625},[155626,155627,155628,155629],{"id":155519,"depth":102,"text":155520},{"id":155528,"depth":102,"text":155529},{"id":155554,"depth":102,"text":155555},{"id":155578,"depth":102,"text":155579},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154235,"description":155631},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155637,"title":155638,"body":155639,"description":157528,"extension":2509,"meta":157529,"navigation":105,"path":157530,"seo":157531,"stem":157532,"__hash__":157533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155640,"toc":157485},[155641,155647,155652,155703,155707,155715,155721,155723,155739,155741,155744,155759,155761,155774,155776,155833,155837,155845,155852,155858,155864,155868,155919,155923,155931,155935,155964,155968,155976,155980,156013,156017,156025,156029,156032,156083,156087,156095,156097,156114,156118,156122,156181,156185,156193,156196,156223,156227,156235,156239,156245,156320,156324,156361,156369,156373,156436,156440,156448,156453,156457,156463,156506,156510,156518,156524,156527,156574,156578,156586,156595,156601,156656,156660,156668,156671,156675,156677,156708,156712,156731,156734,156779,156783,156806,156812,156817,156819,156866,156871,156874,156922,156926,156934,156938,156943,156947,156997,157001,157016,157020,157078,157082,157097,157101,157172,157176,157185,157189,157268,157272,157294,157302,157304,157307,157332,157334,157387,157389,157406,157408,157412,157418,157423,157428,157432,157437,157441,157446,157452,157455,157457,157482],[10,155642,155644,155645,4202],{"id":155643},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155646,1266],{},[20,155648,2638,155649,155651],{},[15,155650,1331],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[47,155653,155655],{"className":49,"code":155654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155656,155657,155689],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155658,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155660,13609],{"class":65},[56,155662,1217],{"class":827},[56,155664,9768],{"class":76},[56,155666,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155668,13626],{"class":1020},[56,155670,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155672,306],{"class":76},[56,155674,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155676,17990],{"class":1020},[56,155678,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155680,306],{"class":76},[56,155682,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155684,13643],{"class":1020},[56,155686,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155688,99],{"class":76},[56,155690,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155692,373],{"class":72},[56,155694,77],{"class":76},[56,155696,1266],{"class":72},[56,155698,77],{"class":76},[56,155700,18037],{"class":95},[56,155702,1635],{"class":76},[20,155704,155705],{},[37,155706,239],{},[47,155708,155709],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155710,155711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155712,155713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155714,47123],{"class":80},[20,155716,2638,155717,155720],{},[15,155718,155719],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[42,155722,15697],{"id":15696},[173,155724,155725,155730,155734,155737],{},[176,155726,4739,155727,155729],{},[15,155728,1331],{}," works with tuples",[176,155731,68756,155732,12239],{},[15,155733,1331],{},[176,155735,155736],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[176,155738,1690],{},[42,155740,2702],{"id":2701},[20,155742,155743],{},"Use this pattern:",[47,155745,155747],{"className":49,"code":155746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155748,155749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155750,155751,155753,155755,155757],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155752,1266],{"class":72},[56,155754,77],{"class":76},[56,155756,148292],{"class":95},[56,155758,99],{"class":76},[20,155760,11991],{},[173,155762,155763,155766,155769],{},[176,155764,155765],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[176,155767,155768],{},"The result is an integer",[176,155770,155771,155773],{},[15,155772,1331],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155775,986],{},[47,155777,155779],{"className":49,"code":155778,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155780,155781,155805,155819,155823],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155782,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155784,1594],{"class":65},[56,155786,1217],{"class":827},[56,155788,9768],{"class":76},[56,155790,2291],{"class":80},[56,155792,306],{"class":76},[56,155794,8323],{"class":80},[56,155796,306],{"class":76},[56,155798,8328],{"class":80},[56,155800,306],{"class":76},[56,155802,51344],{"class":80},[56,155804,99],{"class":76},[56,155806,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155808,41752],{"class":65},[56,155810,1217],{"class":827},[56,155812,38897],{"class":72},[56,155814,77],{"class":76},[56,155816,1618],{"class":95},[56,155818,99],{"class":76},[56,155820,155821],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155822,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,155824,155825,155827,155829,155831],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,155826,373],{"class":72},[56,155828,77],{"class":76},[56,155830,41770],{"class":95},[56,155832,99],{"class":76},[20,155834,155835],{},[37,155836,239],{},[47,155838,155839],{"className":49,"code":49154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155840,155841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155842,155843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155844,49154],{"class":80},[20,155846,155847,155848,156],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[264,155849,13,155850,2430],{"href":1328},[15,155851,1331],{},[42,155853,160,155855,155857],{"id":155854},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155856,1331],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155859,155860,155861,155863],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155862,1331],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[353,155865,155867],{"id":155866},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[47,155869,155871],{"className":49,"code":155870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155872,155873,155905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155874,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155876,36756],{"class":65},[56,155878,1217],{"class":827},[56,155880,9768],{"class":76},[56,155882,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155884,4619],{"class":1020},[56,155886,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155888,306],{"class":76},[56,155890,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155892,4628],{"class":1020},[56,155894,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155896,306],{"class":76},[56,155898,1231],{"class":1016},[56,155900,33751],{"class":1020},[56,155902,1017],{"class":1016},[56,155904,99],{"class":76},[56,155906,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155908,373],{"class":72},[56,155910,77],{"class":76},[56,155912,1266],{"class":72},[56,155914,77],{"class":76},[56,155916,36808],{"class":95},[56,155918,1635],{"class":76},[20,155920,155921],{},[37,155922,239],{},[47,155924,155925],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155926,155927],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155928,155929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155930,47123],{"class":80},[353,155932,155934],{"id":155933},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[47,155936,155938],{"className":49,"code":155937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155939,155940,155949],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155941,155942,155945,155947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155943,155944],{"class":65},"empty_tuple ",[56,155946,1217],{"class":827},[56,155948,149616],{"class":76},[56,155950,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155962],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,155952,373],{"class":72},[56,155954,77],{"class":76},[56,155956,1266],{"class":72},[56,155958,77],{"class":76},[56,155960,155961],{"class":95},"empty_tuple",[56,155963,1635],{"class":76},[20,155965,155966],{},[37,155967,239],{},[47,155969,155970],{"className":49,"code":249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155971,155972],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155973,155974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155975,249],{"class":80},[353,155977,155979],{"id":155978},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[47,155981,155983],{"className":49,"code":155982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155984,155985,155998],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155986,155987,155990,155992,155994,155996],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155988,155989],{"class":65},"single_value ",[56,155991,1217],{"class":827},[56,155993,9768],{"class":76},[56,155995,81],{"class":80},[56,155997,149630],{"class":76},[56,155999,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156011],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156001,373],{"class":72},[56,156003,77],{"class":76},[56,156005,1266],{"class":72},[56,156007,77],{"class":76},[56,156009,156010],{"class":95},"single_value",[56,156012,1635],{"class":76},[20,156014,156015],{},[37,156016,239],{},[47,156018,156019],{"className":49,"code":254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156020,156021],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156022,156023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156024,254],{"class":80},[353,156026,156028],{"id":156027},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156030,156031],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[47,156033,156035],{"className":49,"code":156034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156036,156037,156069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156038,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156040,9697],{"class":65},[56,156042,1217],{"class":827},[56,156044,9768],{"class":76},[56,156046,529],{"class":80},[56,156048,306],{"class":76},[56,156050,9768],{"class":76},[56,156052,463],{"class":80},[56,156054,306],{"class":76},[56,156056,419],{"class":80},[56,156058,9765],{"class":76},[56,156060,1220],{"class":76},[56,156062,1603],{"class":80},[56,156064,306],{"class":76},[56,156066,496],{"class":80},[56,156068,1294],{"class":76},[56,156070,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156072,373],{"class":72},[56,156074,77],{"class":76},[56,156076,1266],{"class":72},[56,156078,77],{"class":76},[56,156080,9736],{"class":95},[56,156082,1635],{"class":76},[20,156084,156085],{},[37,156086,239],{},[47,156088,156089],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156090,156091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156092,156093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156094,47123],{"class":80},[20,156096,20492],{},[173,156098,156099,156104,156109],{},[176,156100,156101,156103],{},[15,156102,529],{}," is one item",[176,156105,156106,156103],{},[15,156107,156108],{},"(2, 3)",[176,156110,156111,156103],{},[15,156112,156113],{},"[4, 5]",[42,156115,156117],{"id":156116},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[353,156119,156121],{"id":156120},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[47,156123,156125],{"className":49,"code":156124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156126,156127,156167],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156128,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156130,13609],{"class":65},[56,156132,1217],{"class":827},[56,156134,9768],{"class":76},[56,156136,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156138,13626],{"class":1020},[56,156140,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156142,306],{"class":76},[56,156144,1231],{"class":1016},[56,156146,17990],{"class":1020},[56,156148,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156150,306],{"class":76},[56,156152,1231],{"class":1016},[56,156154,13643],{"class":1020},[56,156156,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156158,306],{"class":76},[56,156160,1231],{"class":1016},[56,156162,23060],{"class":1020},[56,156164,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156166,99],{"class":76},[56,156168,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156170,373],{"class":72},[56,156172,77],{"class":76},[56,156174,1266],{"class":72},[56,156176,77],{"class":76},[56,156178,18037],{"class":95},[56,156180,1635],{"class":76},[20,156182,156183],{},[37,156184,239],{},[47,156186,156187],{"className":49,"code":49154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156188,156189],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156190,156191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156192,49154],{"class":80},[353,156194,155934],{"id":156195},"empty-tuple-1",[47,156197,156199],{"className":49,"code":156198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156200,156201,156209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156202,156203,156205,156207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156204,1214],{"class":65},[56,156206,1217],{"class":827},[56,156208,149616],{"class":76},[56,156210,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156212,373],{"class":72},[56,156214,77],{"class":76},[56,156216,1266],{"class":72},[56,156218,77],{"class":76},[56,156220,1271],{"class":95},[56,156222,1635],{"class":76},[20,156224,156225],{},[37,156226,239],{},[47,156228,156229],{"className":49,"code":249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156230,156231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156232,156233],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156234,249],{"class":80},[353,156236,156238],{"id":156237},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156240,156241,156242,156244],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[37,156243,5170],{}," always a tuple.",[47,156246,156248],{"className":49,"code":156247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156249,156250,156262,156274,156278,156292,156306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156251,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156253,3098],{"class":65},[56,156255,1217],{"class":827},[56,156257,9768],{"class":76},[56,156259,81],{"class":80},[56,156261,99],{"class":76},[56,156263,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156265,3125],{"class":65},[56,156267,1217],{"class":827},[56,156269,9768],{"class":76},[56,156271,81],{"class":80},[56,156273,149630],{"class":76},[56,156275,156276],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156277,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,156279,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,156281,373],{"class":72},[56,156283,77],{"class":76},[56,156285,2312],{"class":378},[56,156287,77],{"class":76},[56,156289,264],{"class":95},[56,156291,1635],{"class":76},[56,156293,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,156295,373],{"class":72},[56,156297,77],{"class":76},[56,156299,2312],{"class":378},[56,156301,77],{"class":76},[56,156303,1234],{"class":95},[56,156305,1635],{"class":76},[56,156307,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,156309,373],{"class":72},[56,156311,77],{"class":76},[56,156313,1266],{"class":72},[56,156315,77],{"class":76},[56,156317,1234],{"class":95},[56,156319,1635],{"class":76},[20,156321,156322],{},[37,156323,239],{},[47,156325,156327],{"className":49,"code":156326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156328,156329,156343,156357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156330,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156332,3833],{"class":827},[56,156334,3836],{"class":2610},[56,156336,3839],{"class":1016},[56,156338,2734],{"class":1020},[56,156340,3844],{"class":1016},[56,156342,3847],{"class":827},[56,156344,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156346,3833],{"class":827},[56,156348,3836],{"class":2610},[56,156350,3839],{"class":1016},[56,156352,49456],{"class":1020},[56,156354,3844],{"class":1016},[56,156356,3847],{"class":827},[56,156358,156359],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156360,254],{"class":80},[20,156362,156363,156364,4935,156367,156],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[264,156365,156366],{"href":148277},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[264,156368,149578],{"href":149577},[353,156370,156372],{"id":156371},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[47,156374,156376],{"className":49,"code":156375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156377,156378,156422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156379,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156381,59973],{"class":65},[56,156383,1217],{"class":827},[56,156385,9768],{"class":76},[56,156387,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156389,4619],{"class":1020},[56,156391,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156393,306],{"class":76},[56,156395,1220],{"class":76},[56,156397,529],{"class":80},[56,156399,306],{"class":76},[56,156401,414],{"class":80},[56,156403,18597],{"class":76},[56,156405,9768],{"class":76},[56,156407,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156409,2719],{"class":1020},[56,156411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156413,306],{"class":76},[56,156415,1231],{"class":1016},[56,156417,12279],{"class":1020},[56,156419,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156421,1635],{"class":76},[56,156423,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156425,373],{"class":72},[56,156427,77],{"class":76},[56,156429,1266],{"class":72},[56,156431,77],{"class":76},[56,156433,60026],{"class":95},[56,156435,1635],{"class":76},[20,156437,156438],{},[37,156439,239],{},[47,156441,156442],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156443,156444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156445,156446],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156447,47123],{"class":80},[20,156449,156450,156452],{},[15,156451,1331],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[42,156454,156456],{"id":156455},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[353,156458,156460,156462],{"id":156459},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156461,1331],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[47,156464,156466],{"className":49,"code":156465,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156467,156468,156492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156469,156470,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156471,4610],{"class":65},[56,156473,1217],{"class":827},[56,156475,9768],{"class":76},[56,156477,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156479,64094],{"class":1020},[56,156481,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156483,306],{"class":76},[56,156485,1231],{"class":1016},[56,156487,51],{"class":1020},[56,156489,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156491,99],{"class":76},[56,156493,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156495,373],{"class":72},[56,156497,77],{"class":76},[56,156499,1266],{"class":72},[56,156501,77],{"class":76},[56,156503,4654],{"class":95},[56,156505,1635],{"class":76},[20,156507,156508],{},[37,156509,239],{},[47,156511,156512],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156513,156514],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156515,156516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156517,259],{"class":80},[20,156519,156520,156521,156523],{},"This result is ",[15,156522,463],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156525,156526],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[47,156528,156530],{"className":49,"code":156529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156531,156532,156556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156533,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156535,4610],{"class":65},[56,156537,1217],{"class":827},[56,156539,9768],{"class":76},[56,156541,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156543,64094],{"class":1020},[56,156545,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156547,306],{"class":76},[56,156549,1231],{"class":1016},[56,156551,51],{"class":1020},[56,156553,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156555,99],{"class":76},[56,156557,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156559,373],{"class":72},[56,156561,77],{"class":76},[56,156563,1266],{"class":72},[56,156565,77],{"class":76},[56,156567,4654],{"class":95},[56,156569,402],{"class":76},[56,156571,152],{"class":80},[56,156573,3541],{"class":76},[20,156575,156576],{},[37,156577,239],{},[47,156579,156580],{"className":49,"code":259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156581,156582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156583,156584],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156585,259],{"class":80},[20,156587,21306,156588,156591,156592,156],{},[15,156589,156590],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156593,156594],{},"\"hi\"",[353,156596,156598,156600],{"id":156597},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156599,1331],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[47,156602,156604],{"className":49,"code":156603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156605,156606,156642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156607,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156609,4364],{"class":65},[56,156611,1217],{"class":827},[56,156613,10527],{"class":76},[56,156615,529],{"class":80},[56,156617,306],{"class":76},[56,156619,414],{"class":80},[56,156621,9765],{"class":76},[56,156623,9768],{"class":76},[56,156625,223],{"class":80},[56,156627,306],{"class":76},[56,156629,424],{"class":80},[56,156631,9765],{"class":76},[56,156633,9768],{"class":76},[56,156635,81],{"class":80},[56,156637,306],{"class":76},[56,156639,468],{"class":80},[56,156641,1635],{"class":76},[56,156643,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156645,373],{"class":72},[56,156647,77],{"class":76},[56,156649,1266],{"class":72},[56,156651,77],{"class":76},[56,156653,5898],{"class":95},[56,156655,1635],{"class":76},[20,156657,156658],{},[37,156659,239],{},[47,156661,156662],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156663,156664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156665,156666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156667,47123],{"class":80},[20,156669,156670],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[353,156672,156674],{"id":156673},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156676,26223],{},[47,156678,156680],{"className":49,"code":156679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156681,156682,156694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156683,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156685,2992],{"class":65},[56,156687,1217],{"class":827},[56,156689,9768],{"class":76},[56,156691,2291],{"class":80},[56,156693,99],{"class":76},[56,156695,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156697,373],{"class":72},[56,156699,77],{"class":76},[56,156701,2312],{"class":378},[56,156703,77],{"class":76},[56,156705,3017],{"class":95},[56,156707,1635],{"class":76},[20,156709,156710],{},[37,156711,239],{},[47,156713,156715],{"className":49,"code":156714,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156716,156717],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156718,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156720,3833],{"class":827},[56,156722,3836],{"class":2610},[56,156724,3839],{"class":1016},[56,156726,2734],{"class":1020},[56,156728,3844],{"class":1016},[56,156730,3847],{"class":827},[20,156732,156733],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[47,156735,156737],{"className":49,"code":156736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156738,156739,156751,156765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156740,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156742,2992],{"class":65},[56,156744,1217],{"class":827},[56,156746,9768],{"class":76},[56,156748,2291],{"class":80},[56,156750,149630],{"class":76},[56,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156754,373],{"class":72},[56,156756,77],{"class":76},[56,156758,2312],{"class":378},[56,156760,77],{"class":76},[56,156762,3017],{"class":95},[56,156764,1635],{"class":76},[56,156766,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156768,373],{"class":72},[56,156770,77],{"class":76},[56,156772,1266],{"class":72},[56,156774,77],{"class":76},[56,156776,3017],{"class":95},[56,156778,1635],{"class":76},[20,156780,156781],{},[37,156782,239],{},[47,156784,156786],{"className":49,"code":156785,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156787,156788,156802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156789,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156791,3833],{"class":827},[56,156793,3836],{"class":2610},[56,156795,3839],{"class":1016},[56,156797,49456],{"class":1020},[56,156799,3844],{"class":1016},[56,156801,3847],{"class":827},[56,156803,156804],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156805,254],{"class":80},[353,156807,156809,156811],{"id":156808},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156810,1266],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156813,44936,156814,156816],{},[15,156815,1266],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156818,44967],{},[47,156820,156822],{"className":49,"code":156821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156823,156824,156832,156852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156825,156826,156828,156830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156827,1266],{"class":72},[56,156829,13810],{"class":827},[56,156831,3130],{"class":80},[56,156833,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156835,1594],{"class":65},[56,156837,1217],{"class":827},[56,156839,9768],{"class":76},[56,156841,529],{"class":80},[56,156843,306],{"class":76},[56,156845,414],{"class":80},[56,156847,306],{"class":76},[56,156849,419],{"class":80},[56,156851,99],{"class":76},[56,156853,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156855,373],{"class":72},[56,156857,77],{"class":76},[56,156859,1266],{"class":72},[56,156861,77],{"class":76},[56,156863,1618],{"class":95},[56,156865,1635],{"class":76},[20,156867,40164,156868,156870],{},[15,156869,1266],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156872,156873],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[47,156875,156877],{"className":49,"code":156876,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156878,156879,156888,156908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156880,156881,156884,156886],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156882,156883],{"class":65},"length_value ",[56,156885,1217],{"class":827},[56,156887,3130],{"class":80},[56,156889,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156891,1594],{"class":65},[56,156893,1217],{"class":827},[56,156895,9768],{"class":76},[56,156897,529],{"class":80},[56,156899,306],{"class":76},[56,156901,414],{"class":80},[56,156903,306],{"class":76},[56,156905,419],{"class":80},[56,156907,99],{"class":76},[56,156909,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156911,373],{"class":72},[56,156913,77],{"class":76},[56,156915,1266],{"class":72},[56,156917,77],{"class":76},[56,156919,1618],{"class":95},[56,156921,1635],{"class":76},[20,156923,156924],{},[37,156925,239],{},[47,156927,156928],{"className":49,"code":47123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156929,156930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156931,156932],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156933,47123],{"class":80},[42,156935,156937],{"id":156936},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156939,156940,156942],{},[15,156941,1331],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[353,156944,156946],{"id":156945},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[47,156948,156950],{"className":49,"code":156949,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156951,156952,156960,156964,156982],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156953,156954,156956,156958],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156955,1214],{"class":65},[56,156957,1217],{"class":827},[56,156959,149616],{"class":76},[56,156961,156962],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,156963,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,156965,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156967,7529],{"class":62},[56,156969,38897],{"class":72},[56,156971,77],{"class":76},[56,156973,1271],{"class":95},[56,156975,4202],{"class":76},[56,156977,6941],{"class":827},[56,156979,822],{"class":80},[56,156981,1390],{"class":76},[56,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156993,156995],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,156985,90],{"class":72},[56,156987,77],{"class":76},[56,156989,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156991,156992],{"class":1020},"The tuple is empty",[56,156994,1017],{"class":1016},[56,156996,99],{"class":76},[20,156998,156999],{},[37,157000,239],{},[47,157002,157004],{"className":49,"code":157003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157005,157006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157007,157008,157010,157012,157014],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157009,2526],{"class":65},[56,157011,49456],{"class":378},[56,157013,8628],{"class":827},[56,157015,8634],{"class":65},[353,157017,157019],{"id":157018},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[47,157021,157023],{"className":49,"code":157022,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157024,157025,157041,157045,157063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157026,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157028,51886],{"class":65},[56,157030,1217],{"class":827},[56,157032,9768],{"class":76},[56,157034,1603],{"class":80},[56,157036,306],{"class":76},[56,157038,566],{"class":80},[56,157040,99],{"class":76},[56,157042,157043],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157044,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,157046,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157048,7529],{"class":62},[56,157050,38897],{"class":72},[56,157052,77],{"class":76},[56,157054,51911],{"class":95},[56,157056,4202],{"class":76},[56,157058,6941],{"class":827},[56,157060,414],{"class":80},[56,157062,1390],{"class":76},[56,157064,157065,157067,157069,157071,157074,157076],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,157066,90],{"class":72},[56,157068,77],{"class":76},[56,157070,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157072,157073],{"class":1020},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[56,157075,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157077,99],{"class":76},[20,157079,157080],{},[37,157081,239],{},[47,157083,157085],{"className":49,"code":157084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157086,157087],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157088,157089,157092,157094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157090,157091],{"class":65},"This looks like an x",[56,157093,306],{"class":76},[56,157095,157096],{"class":65}," y coordinate\n",[353,157098,157100],{"id":157099},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[47,157102,157104],{"className":49,"code":157103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157105,157106,157135,157139,157157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157107,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157131,157133],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157109,12021],{"class":65},[56,157111,1217],{"class":827},[56,157113,9768],{"class":76},[56,157115,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157117,13414],{"class":1020},[56,157119,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157121,306],{"class":76},[56,157123,9838],{"class":80},[56,157125,306],{"class":76},[56,157127,1231],{"class":1016},[56,157129,157130],{"class":1020},"Canada",[56,157132,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157134,99],{"class":76},[56,157136,157137],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157138,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,157140,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157142,7529],{"class":62},[56,157144,38897],{"class":72},[56,157146,77],{"class":76},[56,157148,12115],{"class":95},[56,157150,4202],{"class":76},[56,157152,6941],{"class":827},[56,157154,419],{"class":80},[56,157156,1390],{"class":76},[56,157158,157159,157161,157163,157165,157168,157170],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,157160,90],{"class":72},[56,157162,77],{"class":76},[56,157164,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157166,157167],{"class":1020},"User record has the expected number of values",[56,157169,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157171,99],{"class":76},[20,157173,157174],{},[37,157175,239],{},[47,157177,157179],{"className":49,"code":157178,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157180,157181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157182,157183],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157184,157178],{"class":65},[353,157186,157188],{"id":157187},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[47,157190,157192],{"className":49,"code":157191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157193,157194,157226,157230,157250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157195,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157197,36614],{"class":65},[56,157199,1217],{"class":827},[56,157201,9768],{"class":76},[56,157203,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157205,264],{"class":1020},[56,157207,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157209,306],{"class":76},[56,157211,1231],{"class":1016},[56,157213,1234],{"class":1020},[56,157215,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157217,306],{"class":76},[56,157219,1231],{"class":1016},[56,157221,1243],{"class":1020},[56,157223,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157225,99],{"class":76},[56,157227,157228],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157229,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,157231,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157233,31],{"class":62},[56,157235,66],{"class":65},[56,157237,69],{"class":62},[56,157239,73],{"class":72},[56,157241,77],{"class":76},[56,157243,1266],{"class":72},[56,157245,77],{"class":76},[56,157247,36666],{"class":95},[56,157249,1274],{"class":76},[56,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,157253,90],{"class":72},[56,157255,77],{"class":76},[56,157257,96],{"class":95},[56,157259,306],{"class":76},[56,157261,70592],{"class":95},[56,157263,402],{"class":76},[56,157265,96],{"class":95},[56,157267,1294],{"class":76},[20,157269,157270],{},[37,157271,239],{},[47,157273,157274],{"className":49,"code":1299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,157275,157276,157282,157288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157277,157278,157280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157279,152],{"class":80},[56,157281,1308],{"class":65},[56,157283,157284,157286],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157285,529],{"class":80},[56,157287,1315],{"class":65},[56,157289,157290,157292],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157291,463],{"class":80},[56,157293,1322],{"class":65},[20,157295,157296,157297,157299,157300,156],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[264,157298,149947],{"href":149946},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[264,157301,151191],{"href":151190},[42,157303,3374],{"id":3373},[20,157305,157306],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[173,157308,157309,157317,157324,157329],{},[176,157310,157311,157312,11624,157315],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157313,157314],{},"(5)",[15,157316,149781],{},[176,157318,958,157319,157321,157322],{},[15,157320,1266],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157323,1331],{},[176,157325,8983,157326,157328],{},[15,157327,1331],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[176,157330,157331],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157333,32613],{},[47,157335,157337],{"className":49,"code":157336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157338,157339,157349,157363,157377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157340,157341,157343,157345,157347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157342,373],{"class":72},[56,157344,77],{"class":76},[56,157346,148292],{"class":95},[56,157348,99],{"class":76},[56,157350,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157352,373],{"class":72},[56,157354,77],{"class":76},[56,157356,2312],{"class":378},[56,157358,77],{"class":76},[56,157360,148292],{"class":95},[56,157362,1635],{"class":76},[56,157364,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157366,373],{"class":72},[56,157368,77],{"class":76},[56,157370,1266],{"class":72},[56,157372,77],{"class":76},[56,157374,148292],{"class":95},[56,157376,1635],{"class":76},[56,157378,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,157380,32683],{"class":72},[56,157382,77],{"class":76},[56,157384,1266],{"class":72},[56,157386,99],{"class":76},[20,157388,155501],{},[173,157390,157391,157394,157397,157401],{},[176,157392,157393],{},"what value you are using",[176,157395,157396],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[176,157398,26551,157399,12239],{},[15,157400,1331],{},[176,157402,123665,157403,157405],{},[15,157404,1331],{}," is documented in Python",[42,157407,2343],{"id":2342},[353,157409,157411],{"id":157410},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157413,2638,157414,157417],{},[15,157415,157416],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[353,157419,2347,157421,149451],{"id":157420},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157422,1331],{},[20,157424,46871,157425,157427],{},[15,157426,1331],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[353,157429,157431],{"id":157430},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157433,157434,157435,156],{},"The length is ",[15,157436,152],{},[353,157438,157440],{"id":157439},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157442,151137,157443,157445],{},[15,157444,151140],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[353,157447,2347,157449,157451],{"id":157448},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157450,1331],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157453,157454],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[42,157456,2417],{"id":2416},[173,157458,157459,157465,157469,157473,157477],{},[176,157460,157461],{},[264,157462,13,157463,2430],{"href":1328},[15,157464,1331],{},[176,157466,157467],{},[264,157468,156366],{"href":148277},[176,157470,157471],{},[264,157472,149947],{"href":149946},[176,157474,157475],{},[264,157476,151191],{"href":151190},[176,157478,157479],{},[264,157480,157481],{"href":149577},"What is a tuple in Python",[2451,157483,157484],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":157486},[157487,157488,157489,157496,157502,157511,157517,157518,157527],{"id":15696,"depth":87,"text":15697},{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":155854,"depth":87,"text":157490,"children":157491},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157492,157493,157494,157495],{"id":155866,"depth":102,"text":155867},{"id":155933,"depth":102,"text":155934},{"id":155978,"depth":102,"text":155979},{"id":156027,"depth":102,"text":156028},{"id":156116,"depth":87,"text":156117,"children":157497},[157498,157499,157500,157501],{"id":156120,"depth":102,"text":156121},{"id":156195,"depth":102,"text":155934},{"id":156237,"depth":102,"text":156238},{"id":156371,"depth":102,"text":156372},{"id":156455,"depth":87,"text":156456,"children":157503},[157504,157506,157508,157509],{"id":156459,"depth":102,"text":157505},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156597,"depth":102,"text":157507},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156673,"depth":102,"text":156674},{"id":156808,"depth":102,"text":157510},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156936,"depth":87,"text":156937,"children":157512},[157513,157514,157515,157516],{"id":156945,"depth":102,"text":156946},{"id":157018,"depth":102,"text":157019},{"id":157099,"depth":102,"text":157100},{"id":157187,"depth":102,"text":157188},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":157519},[157520,157521,157523,157524,157525],{"id":157410,"depth":102,"text":157411},{"id":157420,"depth":102,"text":157522},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157430,"depth":102,"text":157431},{"id":157439,"depth":102,"text":157440},{"id":157448,"depth":102,"text":157526},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155638,"description":157528},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157535,"title":157536,"body":157537,"description":159922,"extension":2509,"meta":159923,"navigation":105,"path":159924,"seo":159925,"stem":159926,"__hash__":159927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157538,"toc":159883},[157539,157542,157545,157548,157571,157577,157579,157690,157694,157697,157707,157709,157808,157810,157887,157893,157897,157900,157923,157926,157943,157946,157948,158011,158013,158030,158041,158046,158048,158051,158057,158108,158110,158130,158134,158185,158187,158208,158212,158267,158269,158290,158294,158349,158351,158372,158376,158429,158431,158460,158462,158464,158467,158471,158528,158530,158551,158555,158608,158610,158635,158640,158644,158649,158667,158670,158733,158735,158756,158759,158820,158822,158843,158846,158889,158892,158896,158901,158905,158984,158986,159017,159021,159096,159098,159125,159129,159176,159178,159186,159191,159195,159198,159213,159215,159303,159305,159330,159333,159376,159385,159387,159390,159405,159408,159412,159466,159468,159488,159493,159497,159499,159537,159540,159590,159594,159667,159669,159706,159709,159711,159714,159734,159737,159806,159808,159821,159823,159827,159830,159834,159837,159842,159845,159851,159856,159858,159880],[10,157540,157536],{"id":157541},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157543,157544],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157546,157547],{},"Use this format:",[47,157549,157551],{"className":49,"code":157550,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157552,157553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157554,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157556,49456],{"class":65},[56,157558,402],{"class":76},[56,157560,303],{"class":65},[56,157562,1045],{"class":76},[56,157564,292],{"class":65},[56,157566,1045],{"class":76},[56,157568,350],{"class":65},[56,157570,427],{"class":76},[20,157572,2526,157573,75956,157575,156],{},[15,157574,292],{},[37,157576,192],{},[42,157578,45],{"id":44},[47,157580,157582],{"className":49,"code":157581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157583,157584,157612,157616,157637,157654,157671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157585,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157587,1594],{"class":65},[56,157589,1217],{"class":827},[56,157591,9768],{"class":76},[56,157593,2291],{"class":80},[56,157595,306],{"class":76},[56,157597,8323],{"class":80},[56,157599,306],{"class":76},[56,157601,8328],{"class":80},[56,157603,306],{"class":76},[56,157605,51344],{"class":80},[56,157607,306],{"class":76},[56,157609,5620],{"class":80},[56,157611,99],{"class":76},[56,157613,157614],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157615,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,157617,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157619,373],{"class":72},[56,157621,77],{"class":76},[56,157623,1618],{"class":95},[56,157625,402],{"class":76},[56,157627,529],{"class":80},[56,157629,1045],{"class":76},[56,157631,1603],{"class":80},[56,157633,20981],{"class":76},[56,157635,157636],{"class":112},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[56,157638,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,157640,373],{"class":72},[56,157642,77],{"class":76},[56,157644,1618],{"class":95},[56,157646,76029],{"class":76},[56,157648,223],{"class":80},[56,157650,20981],{"class":76},[56,157652,157653],{"class":112},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[56,157655,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,157657,373],{"class":72},[56,157659,77],{"class":76},[56,157661,1618],{"class":95},[56,157663,74618],{"class":76},[56,157665,463],{"class":80},[56,157667,20981],{"class":76},[56,157669,157670],{"class":112},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[56,157672,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,157674,373],{"class":72},[56,157676,77],{"class":76},[56,157678,1618],{"class":95},[56,157680,74618],{"class":76},[56,157682,2568],{"class":827},[56,157684,529],{"class":80},[56,157686,20981],{"class":76},[56,157688,157689],{"class":112},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[42,157691,157693],{"id":157692},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157695,157696],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[173,157698,157699,157701,157704],{},[176,157700,76223],{},[176,157702,157703],{},"The result is a new tuple",[176,157705,157706],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157708,986],{},[47,157710,157712],{"className":49,"code":157711,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157713,157714,157762,157766,157784,157788,157798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157715,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157717,36614],{"class":65},[56,157719,1217],{"class":827},[56,157721,9768],{"class":76},[56,157723,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157725,264],{"class":1020},[56,157727,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157729,306],{"class":76},[56,157731,1231],{"class":1016},[56,157733,1234],{"class":1020},[56,157735,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157737,306],{"class":76},[56,157739,1231],{"class":1016},[56,157741,1243],{"class":1020},[56,157743,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157745,306],{"class":76},[56,157747,1231],{"class":1016},[56,157749,19303],{"class":1020},[56,157751,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157753,306],{"class":76},[56,157755,1231],{"class":1016},[56,157757,60946],{"class":1020},[56,157759,1017],{"class":1016},[56,157761,99],{"class":76},[56,157763,157764],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157765,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,157767,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157769,76153],{"class":65},[56,157771,1217],{"class":827},[56,157773,70592],{"class":65},[56,157775,402],{"class":76},[56,157777,529],{"class":80},[56,157779,1045],{"class":76},[56,157781,1603],{"class":80},[56,157783,427],{"class":76},[56,157785,157786],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,157787,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,157789,157790,157792,157794,157796],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,157791,373],{"class":72},[56,157793,77],{"class":76},[56,157795,76176],{"class":95},[56,157797,99],{"class":76},[56,157799,157800,157802,157804,157806],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,157801,373],{"class":72},[56,157803,77],{"class":76},[56,157805,36666],{"class":95},[56,157807,99],{"class":76},[20,157809,239],{},[47,157811,157813],{"className":49,"code":157812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157814,157815,157843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157816,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157818,77],{"class":76},[56,157820,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157822,1234],{"class":1020},[56,157824,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157826,306],{"class":76},[56,157828,3839],{"class":1016},[56,157830,1243],{"class":1020},[56,157832,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157834,306],{"class":76},[56,157836,3839],{"class":1016},[56,157838,19303],{"class":1020},[56,157840,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157842,99],{"class":76},[56,157844,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157846,77],{"class":76},[56,157848,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157850,264],{"class":1020},[56,157852,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157854,306],{"class":76},[56,157856,3839],{"class":1016},[56,157858,1234],{"class":1020},[56,157860,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157862,306],{"class":76},[56,157864,3839],{"class":1016},[56,157866,1243],{"class":1020},[56,157868,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157870,306],{"class":76},[56,157872,3839],{"class":1016},[56,157874,19303],{"class":1020},[56,157876,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157878,306],{"class":76},[56,157880,3839],{"class":1016},[56,157882,60946],{"class":1020},[56,157884,3844],{"class":1016},[56,157886,99],{"class":76},[20,157888,157889,157890,156],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[264,157891,148274],{"href":157892},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[42,157894,157896],{"id":157895},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157898,157899],{},"The full syntax is:",[47,157901,157903],{"className":49,"code":157902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157904,157905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157906,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157908,148292],{"class":65},[56,157910,402],{"class":76},[56,157912,303],{"class":65},[56,157914,1045],{"class":76},[56,157916,292],{"class":65},[56,157918,1045],{"class":76},[56,157920,350],{"class":65},[56,157922,427],{"class":76},[20,157924,157925],{},"Each part has a job:",[173,157927,157928,157933,157938],{},[176,157929,157930,157932],{},[15,157931,303],{},": where slicing begins",[176,157934,157935,157937],{},[15,157936,292],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[176,157939,157940,157942],{},[15,157941,350],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157944,157945],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157947,986],{},[47,157949,157951],{"className":49,"code":157950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157952,157953,157985,157989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157954,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157956,1594],{"class":65},[56,157958,1217],{"class":827},[56,157960,9768],{"class":76},[56,157962,2291],{"class":80},[56,157964,306],{"class":76},[56,157966,8323],{"class":80},[56,157968,306],{"class":76},[56,157970,8328],{"class":80},[56,157972,306],{"class":76},[56,157974,51344],{"class":80},[56,157976,306],{"class":76},[56,157978,5620],{"class":80},[56,157980,306],{"class":76},[56,157982,76594],{"class":80},[56,157984,99],{"class":76},[56,157986,157987],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,157988,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,157990,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157992,373],{"class":72},[56,157994,77],{"class":76},[56,157996,1618],{"class":95},[56,157998,402],{"class":76},[56,158000,529],{"class":80},[56,158002,1045],{"class":76},[56,158004,81],{"class":80},[56,158006,1045],{"class":76},[56,158008,463],{"class":80},[56,158010,1294],{"class":76},[20,158012,239],{},[47,158014,158016],{"className":49,"code":158015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158017,158018],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158019,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158021,77],{"class":76},[56,158023,16289],{"class":80},[56,158025,306],{"class":76},[56,158027,51344],{"class":80},[56,158029,99],{"class":76},[20,158031,158032,158033,158035,158036,158038,158039,156],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158034,529],{},", stops before index ",[15,158037,81],{},", and moves by ",[15,158040,463],{},[20,158042,158043,158044,156],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[264,158045,149947],{"href":153373},[42,158047,76510],{"id":76509},[20,158049,158050],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[353,158052,158054,158055,1287],{"id":158053},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158056,76524],{},[47,158058,158060],{"className":49,"code":158059,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158061,158062,158090,158094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158063,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158065,1594],{"class":65},[56,158067,1217],{"class":827},[56,158069,9768],{"class":76},[56,158071,2291],{"class":80},[56,158073,306],{"class":76},[56,158075,8323],{"class":80},[56,158077,306],{"class":76},[56,158079,8328],{"class":80},[56,158081,306],{"class":76},[56,158083,51344],{"class":80},[56,158085,306],{"class":76},[56,158087,5620],{"class":80},[56,158089,99],{"class":76},[56,158091,158092],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158093,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158095,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158097,373],{"class":72},[56,158099,77],{"class":76},[56,158101,1618],{"class":95},[56,158103,76029],{"class":76},[56,158105,223],{"class":80},[56,158107,1294],{"class":76},[20,158109,239],{},[47,158111,158112],{"className":49,"code":151639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,158113,158114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158115,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158117,77],{"class":76},[56,158119,2291],{"class":80},[56,158121,306],{"class":76},[56,158123,8323],{"class":80},[56,158125,306],{"class":76},[56,158127,8328],{"class":80},[56,158129,99],{"class":76},[353,158131,158133],{"id":158132},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[47,158135,158137],{"className":49,"code":158136,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158138,158139,158167,158171],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158140,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158142,1594],{"class":65},[56,158144,1217],{"class":827},[56,158146,9768],{"class":76},[56,158148,2291],{"class":80},[56,158150,306],{"class":76},[56,158152,8323],{"class":80},[56,158154,306],{"class":76},[56,158156,8328],{"class":80},[56,158158,306],{"class":76},[56,158160,51344],{"class":80},[56,158162,306],{"class":76},[56,158164,5620],{"class":80},[56,158166,99],{"class":76},[56,158168,158169],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158170,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158172,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158174,373],{"class":72},[56,158176,77],{"class":76},[56,158178,1618],{"class":95},[56,158180,402],{"class":76},[56,158182,463],{"class":80},[56,158184,78206],{"class":76},[20,158186,239],{},[47,158188,158190],{"className":49,"code":158189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158191,158192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158193,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158195,77],{"class":76},[56,158197,37355],{"class":80},[56,158199,306],{"class":76},[56,158201,51344],{"class":80},[56,158203,306],{"class":76},[56,158205,5620],{"class":80},[56,158207,99],{"class":76},[353,158209,158211],{"id":158210},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[47,158213,158215],{"className":49,"code":158214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158216,158217,158245,158249],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158218,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158220,1594],{"class":65},[56,158222,1217],{"class":827},[56,158224,9768],{"class":76},[56,158226,2291],{"class":80},[56,158228,306],{"class":76},[56,158230,8323],{"class":80},[56,158232,306],{"class":76},[56,158234,8328],{"class":80},[56,158236,306],{"class":76},[56,158238,51344],{"class":80},[56,158240,306],{"class":76},[56,158242,5620],{"class":80},[56,158244,99],{"class":76},[56,158246,158247],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158248,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158250,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158252,373],{"class":72},[56,158254,77],{"class":76},[56,158256,1618],{"class":95},[56,158258,402],{"class":76},[56,158260,529],{"class":80},[56,158262,1045],{"class":76},[56,158264,1603],{"class":80},[56,158266,1294],{"class":76},[20,158268,239],{},[47,158270,158272],{"className":49,"code":158271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158273,158274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158275,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158277,77],{"class":76},[56,158279,16289],{"class":80},[56,158281,306],{"class":76},[56,158283,8328],{"class":80},[56,158285,306],{"class":76},[56,158287,51344],{"class":80},[56,158289,99],{"class":76},[353,158291,158293],{"id":158292},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[47,158295,158297],{"className":49,"code":158296,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158298,158299,158331,158335],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158300,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158302,1594],{"class":65},[56,158304,1217],{"class":827},[56,158306,9768],{"class":76},[56,158308,2291],{"class":80},[56,158310,306],{"class":76},[56,158312,8323],{"class":80},[56,158314,306],{"class":76},[56,158316,8328],{"class":80},[56,158318,306],{"class":76},[56,158320,51344],{"class":80},[56,158322,306],{"class":76},[56,158324,5620],{"class":80},[56,158326,306],{"class":76},[56,158328,76594],{"class":80},[56,158330,99],{"class":76},[56,158332,158333],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158334,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158336,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158338,373],{"class":72},[56,158340,77],{"class":76},[56,158342,1618],{"class":95},[56,158344,74618],{"class":76},[56,158346,463],{"class":80},[56,158348,1294],{"class":76},[20,158350,239],{},[47,158352,158354],{"className":49,"code":158353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158355,158356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158357,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158359,77],{"class":76},[56,158361,2291],{"class":80},[56,158363,306],{"class":76},[56,158365,8328],{"class":80},[56,158367,306],{"class":76},[56,158369,5620],{"class":80},[56,158371,99],{"class":76},[353,158373,158375],{"id":158374},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[47,158377,158379],{"className":49,"code":158378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158380,158381,158409,158413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158382,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158384,1594],{"class":65},[56,158386,1217],{"class":827},[56,158388,9768],{"class":76},[56,158390,2291],{"class":80},[56,158392,306],{"class":76},[56,158394,8323],{"class":80},[56,158396,306],{"class":76},[56,158398,8328],{"class":80},[56,158400,306],{"class":76},[56,158402,51344],{"class":80},[56,158404,306],{"class":76},[56,158406,5620],{"class":80},[56,158408,99],{"class":76},[56,158410,158411],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158412,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158416,373],{"class":72},[56,158418,77],{"class":76},[56,158420,1618],{"class":95},[56,158422,74618],{"class":76},[56,158424,2568],{"class":827},[56,158426,529],{"class":80},[56,158428,1294],{"class":76},[20,158430,239],{},[47,158432,158434],{"className":49,"code":158433,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158435,158436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158437,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158439,77],{"class":76},[56,158441,77287],{"class":80},[56,158443,306],{"class":76},[56,158445,51344],{"class":80},[56,158447,306],{"class":76},[56,158449,8328],{"class":80},[56,158451,306],{"class":76},[56,158453,8323],{"class":80},[56,158455,306],{"class":76},[56,158457,534],{"class":80},[56,158459,99],{"class":76},[42,158461,76804],{"id":76803},[20,158463,154646],{},[20,158465,158466],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[353,158468,158470],{"id":158469},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[47,158472,158474],{"className":49,"code":158473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158475,158476,158508,158512],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158477,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158479,1594],{"class":65},[56,158481,1217],{"class":827},[56,158483,9768],{"class":76},[56,158485,2291],{"class":80},[56,158487,306],{"class":76},[56,158489,8323],{"class":80},[56,158491,306],{"class":76},[56,158493,8328],{"class":80},[56,158495,306],{"class":76},[56,158497,51344],{"class":80},[56,158499,306],{"class":76},[56,158501,5620],{"class":80},[56,158503,306],{"class":76},[56,158505,76594],{"class":80},[56,158507,99],{"class":76},[56,158509,158510],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158511,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158513,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158515,373],{"class":72},[56,158517,77],{"class":76},[56,158519,1618],{"class":95},[56,158521,402],{"class":76},[56,158523,2568],{"class":827},[56,158525,223],{"class":80},[56,158527,78206],{"class":76},[20,158529,239],{},[47,158531,158533],{"className":49,"code":158532,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158534,158535],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158536,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547,158549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158538,77],{"class":76},[56,158540,57192],{"class":80},[56,158542,306],{"class":76},[56,158544,5620],{"class":80},[56,158546,306],{"class":76},[56,158548,76594],{"class":80},[56,158550,99],{"class":76},[353,158552,158554],{"id":158553},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[47,158556,158558],{"className":49,"code":158557,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158559,158560,158588,158592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158561,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158563,1594],{"class":65},[56,158565,1217],{"class":827},[56,158567,9768],{"class":76},[56,158569,2291],{"class":80},[56,158571,306],{"class":76},[56,158573,8323],{"class":80},[56,158575,306],{"class":76},[56,158577,8328],{"class":80},[56,158579,306],{"class":76},[56,158581,51344],{"class":80},[56,158583,306],{"class":76},[56,158585,5620],{"class":80},[56,158587,99],{"class":76},[56,158589,158590],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158591,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158593,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158595,373],{"class":72},[56,158597,77],{"class":76},[56,158599,1618],{"class":95},[56,158601,76029],{"class":76},[56,158603,2568],{"class":827},[56,158605,529],{"class":80},[56,158607,1294],{"class":76},[20,158609,239],{},[47,158611,158613],{"className":49,"code":158612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158614,158615],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158616,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158618,77],{"class":76},[56,158620,2291],{"class":80},[56,158622,306],{"class":76},[56,158624,8323],{"class":80},[56,158626,306],{"class":76},[56,158628,8328],{"class":80},[56,158630,306],{"class":76},[56,158632,51344],{"class":80},[56,158634,99],{"class":76},[20,158636,158637,158638,156],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[264,158639,151196],{"href":157530},[42,158641,158643],{"id":158642},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158645,2526,158646,158648],{},[15,158647,350],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[173,158650,158651,158653,158655,158661],{},[176,158652,77060],{},[176,158654,77063],{},[176,158656,158657,158660],{},[15,158658,158659],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[176,158662,158663,158664,158666],{},"A step of ",[15,158665,152],{}," is not allowed",[20,158668,158669],{},"Example with a positive step:",[47,158671,158673],{"className":49,"code":158672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158674,158675,158707,158711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158676,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158678,1594],{"class":65},[56,158680,1217],{"class":827},[56,158682,9768],{"class":76},[56,158684,2291],{"class":80},[56,158686,306],{"class":76},[56,158688,8323],{"class":80},[56,158690,306],{"class":76},[56,158692,8328],{"class":80},[56,158694,306],{"class":76},[56,158696,51344],{"class":80},[56,158698,306],{"class":76},[56,158700,5620],{"class":80},[56,158702,306],{"class":76},[56,158704,76594],{"class":80},[56,158706,99],{"class":76},[56,158708,158709],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158710,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158712,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158714,373],{"class":72},[56,158716,77],{"class":76},[56,158718,1618],{"class":95},[56,158720,402],{"class":76},[56,158722,529],{"class":80},[56,158724,1045],{"class":76},[56,158726,708],{"class":80},[56,158728,1045],{"class":76},[56,158730,463],{"class":80},[56,158732,1294],{"class":76},[20,158734,239],{},[47,158736,158738],{"className":49,"code":158737,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158739,158740],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158741,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158743,77],{"class":76},[56,158745,16289],{"class":80},[56,158747,306],{"class":76},[56,158749,51344],{"class":80},[56,158751,306],{"class":76},[56,158753,76594],{"class":80},[56,158755,99],{"class":76},[20,158757,158758],{},"Example with a negative step:",[47,158760,158762],{"className":49,"code":158761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158763,158764,158792,158796],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158765,158766,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158767,1594],{"class":65},[56,158769,1217],{"class":827},[56,158771,9768],{"class":76},[56,158773,2291],{"class":80},[56,158775,306],{"class":76},[56,158777,8323],{"class":80},[56,158779,306],{"class":76},[56,158781,8328],{"class":80},[56,158783,306],{"class":76},[56,158785,51344],{"class":80},[56,158787,306],{"class":76},[56,158789,5620],{"class":80},[56,158791,99],{"class":76},[56,158793,158794],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158795,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158797,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158799,373],{"class":72},[56,158801,77],{"class":76},[56,158803,1618],{"class":95},[56,158805,402],{"class":76},[56,158807,1603],{"class":80},[56,158809,1045],{"class":76},[56,158811,529],{"class":80},[56,158813,1045],{"class":76},[56,158815,2568],{"class":827},[56,158817,529],{"class":80},[56,158819,1294],{"class":76},[20,158821,239],{},[47,158823,158825],{"className":49,"code":158824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158826,158827],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158828,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158830,77],{"class":76},[56,158832,77287],{"class":80},[56,158834,306],{"class":76},[56,158836,51344],{"class":80},[56,158838,306],{"class":76},[56,158840,8328],{"class":80},[56,158842,99],{"class":76},[20,158844,158845],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[47,158847,158849],{"className":49,"code":158848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158850,158851,158871,158875],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158852,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158854,1594],{"class":65},[56,158856,1217],{"class":827},[56,158858,9768],{"class":76},[56,158860,2291],{"class":80},[56,158862,306],{"class":76},[56,158864,8323],{"class":80},[56,158866,306],{"class":76},[56,158868,8328],{"class":80},[56,158870,99],{"class":76},[56,158872,158873],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158874,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158876,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158878,373],{"class":72},[56,158880,77],{"class":76},[56,158882,1618],{"class":95},[56,158884,74618],{"class":76},[56,158886,152],{"class":80},[56,158888,1294],{"class":76},[20,158890,158891],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[42,158893,158895],{"id":158894},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158897,158898,158899,34270],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[37,158900,49456],{},[353,158902,158904],{"id":158903},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[47,158906,158908],{"className":49,"code":158907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158909,158910,158934,158938,158956,158960,158970],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158911,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158913,1594],{"class":65},[56,158915,1217],{"class":827},[56,158917,9768],{"class":76},[56,158919,2291],{"class":80},[56,158921,306],{"class":76},[56,158923,8323],{"class":80},[56,158925,306],{"class":76},[56,158927,8328],{"class":80},[56,158929,306],{"class":76},[56,158931,51344],{"class":80},[56,158933,99],{"class":76},[56,158935,158936],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,158937,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158939,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158941,2775],{"class":65},[56,158943,1217],{"class":827},[56,158945,4804],{"class":65},[56,158947,402],{"class":76},[56,158949,529],{"class":80},[56,158951,1045],{"class":76},[56,158953,223],{"class":80},[56,158955,427],{"class":76},[56,158957,158958],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,158959,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,158961,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,158963,373],{"class":72},[56,158965,77],{"class":76},[56,158967,2809],{"class":95},[56,158969,99],{"class":76},[56,158971,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,158973,373],{"class":72},[56,158975,77],{"class":76},[56,158977,2312],{"class":378},[56,158979,77],{"class":76},[56,158981,2809],{"class":95},[56,158983,1635],{"class":76},[20,158985,239],{},[47,158987,158989],{"className":49,"code":158988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158990,158991,159003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158992,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158994,77],{"class":76},[56,158996,16289],{"class":80},[56,158998,306],{"class":76},[56,159000,8328],{"class":80},[56,159002,99],{"class":76},[56,159004,159005,159007,159009,159011,159013,159015],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159006,3833],{"class":827},[56,159008,3836],{"class":2610},[56,159010,3839],{"class":1016},[56,159012,49456],{"class":1020},[56,159014,3844],{"class":1016},[56,159016,3847],{"class":827},[353,159018,159020],{"id":159019},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[47,159022,159024],{"className":49,"code":159023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159025,159026,159046,159050,159068,159072,159082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159027,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159029,1594],{"class":65},[56,159031,1217],{"class":827},[56,159033,9768],{"class":76},[56,159035,2291],{"class":80},[56,159037,306],{"class":76},[56,159039,8323],{"class":80},[56,159041,306],{"class":76},[56,159043,8328],{"class":80},[56,159045,99],{"class":76},[56,159047,159048],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159049,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159051,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159053,2775],{"class":65},[56,159055,1217],{"class":827},[56,159057,4804],{"class":65},[56,159059,402],{"class":76},[56,159061,529],{"class":80},[56,159063,1045],{"class":76},[56,159065,463],{"class":80},[56,159067,427],{"class":76},[56,159069,159070],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,159071,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159073,159074,159076,159078,159080],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,159075,373],{"class":72},[56,159077,77],{"class":76},[56,159079,2809],{"class":95},[56,159081,99],{"class":76},[56,159083,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,159085,373],{"class":72},[56,159087,77],{"class":76},[56,159089,2312],{"class":378},[56,159091,77],{"class":76},[56,159093,2809],{"class":95},[56,159095,1635],{"class":76},[20,159097,239],{},[47,159099,159101],{"className":49,"code":159100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159102,159103,159111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159104,159105,159107,159109],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159106,77],{"class":76},[56,159108,16289],{"class":80},[56,159110,149630],{"class":76},[56,159112,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159114,3833],{"class":827},[56,159116,3836],{"class":2610},[56,159118,3839],{"class":1016},[56,159120,49456],{"class":1020},[56,159122,3844],{"class":1016},[56,159124,3847],{"class":827},[353,159126,159128],{"id":159127},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[47,159130,159132],{"className":49,"code":159131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159133,159134,159154,159158],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159135,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159137,1594],{"class":65},[56,159139,1217],{"class":827},[56,159141,9768],{"class":76},[56,159143,2291],{"class":80},[56,159145,306],{"class":76},[56,159147,8323],{"class":80},[56,159149,306],{"class":76},[56,159151,8328],{"class":80},[56,159153,99],{"class":76},[56,159155,159156],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159157,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159159,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159161,373],{"class":72},[56,159163,77],{"class":76},[56,159165,1618],{"class":95},[56,159167,402],{"class":76},[56,159169,81],{"class":80},[56,159171,1045],{"class":76},[56,159173,2890],{"class":80},[56,159175,1294],{"class":76},[20,159177,239],{},[47,159179,159180],{"className":49,"code":9174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159181,159182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159183,159184],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159185,9174],{"class":76},[20,159187,159188,159189,156],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[264,159190,156366],{"href":151253},[42,159192,159194],{"id":159193},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159196,159197],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[173,159199,159200,159202,159205,159210],{},[176,159201,77366],{},[176,159203,159204],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[176,159206,159207,159208],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159209,71227],{},[176,159211,159212],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159214,986],{},[47,159216,159218],{"className":49,"code":159217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159219,159220,159240,159244,159261,159282],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159221,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159223,1594],{"class":65},[56,159225,1217],{"class":827},[56,159227,9768],{"class":76},[56,159229,2291],{"class":80},[56,159231,306],{"class":76},[56,159233,8323],{"class":80},[56,159235,306],{"class":76},[56,159237,8328],{"class":80},[56,159239,99],{"class":76},[56,159241,159242],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159243,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159245,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159247,373],{"class":72},[56,159249,77],{"class":76},[56,159251,1618],{"class":95},[56,159253,402],{"class":76},[56,159255,529],{"class":80},[56,159257,20981],{"class":76},[56,159259,159260],{"class":112},"    # one item\n",[56,159262,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,159264,373],{"class":72},[56,159266,77],{"class":76},[56,159268,1618],{"class":95},[56,159270,402],{"class":76},[56,159272,529],{"class":80},[56,159274,1045],{"class":76},[56,159276,81],{"class":80},[56,159278,20981],{"class":76},[56,159280,159281],{"class":112},"  # slice\n",[56,159283,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,159285,373],{"class":72},[56,159287,77],{"class":76},[56,159289,1618],{"class":95},[56,159291,402],{"class":76},[56,159293,81],{"class":80},[56,159295,1045],{"class":76},[56,159297,2890],{"class":80},[56,159299,20981],{"class":76},[56,159301,159302],{"class":112},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159304,239],{},[47,159306,159308],{"className":49,"code":159307,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159309,159310,159314,159326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159311,159312],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159313,71720],{"class":80},[56,159315,159316,159318,159320,159322,159324],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159317,77],{"class":76},[56,159319,16289],{"class":80},[56,159321,306],{"class":76},[56,159323,8328],{"class":80},[56,159325,99],{"class":76},[56,159327,159328],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159329,9174],{"class":76},[20,159331,159332],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[47,159334,159336],{"className":49,"code":159335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159337,159338,159358,159362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159339,159340,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159341,1594],{"class":65},[56,159343,1217],{"class":827},[56,159345,9768],{"class":76},[56,159347,2291],{"class":80},[56,159349,306],{"class":76},[56,159351,8323],{"class":80},[56,159353,306],{"class":76},[56,159355,8328],{"class":80},[56,159357,99],{"class":76},[56,159359,159360],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159361,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159363,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159365,373],{"class":72},[56,159367,77],{"class":76},[56,159369,1618],{"class":95},[56,159371,402],{"class":76},[56,159373,81],{"class":80},[56,159375,1294],{"class":76},[20,159377,159378,159379,159381,159382,156],{},"This raises an ",[15,159380,71227],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[264,159383,155119],{"href":159384},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[42,159386,15711],{"id":77633},[20,159388,159389],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[173,159391,159392,159395,159397,159400],{},[176,159393,159394],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[176,159396,61191],{},[176,159398,159399],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[176,159401,159402,159403],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159404,152],{},[20,159406,159407],{},"Here are a few examples.",[353,159409,159411],{"id":159410},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[47,159413,159414],{"className":49,"code":158214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159415,159416,159444,159448],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159417,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159419,1594],{"class":65},[56,159421,1217],{"class":827},[56,159423,9768],{"class":76},[56,159425,2291],{"class":80},[56,159427,306],{"class":76},[56,159429,8323],{"class":80},[56,159431,306],{"class":76},[56,159433,8328],{"class":80},[56,159435,306],{"class":76},[56,159437,51344],{"class":80},[56,159439,306],{"class":76},[56,159441,5620],{"class":80},[56,159443,99],{"class":76},[56,159445,159446],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159447,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159449,159450,159452,159454,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159451,373],{"class":72},[56,159453,77],{"class":76},[56,159455,1618],{"class":95},[56,159457,402],{"class":76},[56,159459,529],{"class":80},[56,159461,1045],{"class":76},[56,159463,1603],{"class":80},[56,159465,1294],{"class":76},[20,159467,239],{},[47,159469,159470],{"className":49,"code":158271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159471,159472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159473,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159475,77],{"class":76},[56,159477,16289],{"class":80},[56,159479,306],{"class":76},[56,159481,8328],{"class":80},[56,159483,306],{"class":76},[56,159485,51344],{"class":80},[56,159487,99],{"class":76},[20,159489,132698,159490,159492],{},[15,159491,1603],{}," is not included.",[353,159494,159496],{"id":159495},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159498,5066],{},[47,159500,159502],{"className":49,"code":159501,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159503,159504,159528,159532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159505,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159507,1594],{"class":65},[56,159509,1217],{"class":827},[56,159511,9768],{"class":76},[56,159513,2291],{"class":80},[56,159515,306],{"class":76},[56,159517,8323],{"class":80},[56,159519,306],{"class":76},[56,159521,8328],{"class":80},[56,159523,306],{"class":76},[56,159525,51344],{"class":80},[56,159527,99],{"class":76},[56,159529,159530],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159531,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159533,159534],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159535,159536],{"class":112},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159538,159539],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[47,159541,159542],{"className":49,"code":155199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159543,159544,159568,159572],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159545,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159547,1594],{"class":65},[56,159549,1217],{"class":827},[56,159551,9768],{"class":76},[56,159553,2291],{"class":80},[56,159555,306],{"class":76},[56,159557,8323],{"class":80},[56,159559,306],{"class":76},[56,159561,8328],{"class":80},[56,159563,306],{"class":76},[56,159565,51344],{"class":80},[56,159567,99],{"class":76},[56,159569,159570],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159571,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159573,159574,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159575,373],{"class":72},[56,159577,77],{"class":76},[56,159579,1618],{"class":95},[56,159581,402],{"class":76},[56,159583,529],{"class":80},[56,159585,1045],{"class":76},[56,159587,223],{"class":80},[56,159589,1294],{"class":76},[353,159591,159593],{"id":159592},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[47,159595,159597],{"className":49,"code":159596,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159598,159599,159623,159627,159642,159646,159657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159600,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159602,1594],{"class":65},[56,159604,1217],{"class":827},[56,159606,9768],{"class":76},[56,159608,2291],{"class":80},[56,159610,306],{"class":76},[56,159612,8323],{"class":80},[56,159614,306],{"class":76},[56,159616,8328],{"class":80},[56,159618,306],{"class":76},[56,159620,51344],{"class":80},[56,159622,99],{"class":76},[56,159624,159625],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159626,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159628,159629,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159630,159631],{"class":65},"slice_result ",[56,159633,1217],{"class":827},[56,159635,4804],{"class":65},[56,159637,76029],{"class":76},[56,159639,463],{"class":80},[56,159641,427],{"class":76},[56,159643,159644],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,159645,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,159647,159648,159650,159652,159655],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,159649,373],{"class":72},[56,159651,77],{"class":76},[56,159653,159654],{"class":95},"slice_result",[56,159656,99],{"class":76},[56,159658,159659,159661,159663,159665],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,159660,373],{"class":72},[56,159662,77],{"class":76},[56,159664,1618],{"class":95},[56,159666,99],{"class":76},[20,159668,239],{},[47,159670,159672],{"className":49,"code":159671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159673,159674,159686],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159675,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159677,77],{"class":76},[56,159679,2291],{"class":80},[56,159681,306],{"class":76},[56,159683,8323],{"class":80},[56,159685,99],{"class":76},[56,159687,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159689,77],{"class":76},[56,159691,2291],{"class":80},[56,159693,306],{"class":76},[56,159695,8323],{"class":80},[56,159697,306],{"class":76},[56,159699,8328],{"class":80},[56,159701,306],{"class":76},[56,159703,51344],{"class":80},[56,159705,99],{"class":76},[20,159707,159708],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[42,159710,114012],{"id":114011},[20,159712,159713],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[173,159715,159716,159719,159722,159728,159731],{},[176,159717,159718],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[176,159720,159721],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[176,159723,159724,159725],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159726,159727],{},"tuple[::0]",[176,159729,159730],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[176,159732,159733],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159735,159736],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[47,159738,159740],{"className":49,"code":159739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159741,159742,159752,159770,159792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159743,159744,159746,159748,159750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159745,373],{"class":72},[56,159747,77],{"class":76},[56,159749,148292],{"class":95},[56,159751,99],{"class":76},[56,159753,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766,159768],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,159755,373],{"class":72},[56,159757,77],{"class":76},[56,159759,148292],{"class":95},[56,159761,402],{"class":76},[56,159763,529],{"class":80},[56,159765,1045],{"class":76},[56,159767,1603],{"class":80},[56,159769,1294],{"class":76},[56,159771,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159773,373],{"class":72},[56,159775,77],{"class":76},[56,159777,2312],{"class":378},[56,159779,77],{"class":76},[56,159781,148292],{"class":95},[56,159783,402],{"class":76},[56,159785,529],{"class":80},[56,159787,1045],{"class":76},[56,159789,1603],{"class":80},[56,159791,3541],{"class":76},[56,159793,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,159795,373],{"class":72},[56,159797,77],{"class":76},[56,159799,1266],{"class":72},[56,159801,77],{"class":76},[56,159803,148292],{"class":95},[56,159805,1635],{"class":76},[20,159807,11702],{},[173,159809,159810,159812,159815,159818],{},[176,159811,155506],{},[176,159813,159814],{},"what the slice actually returns",[176,159816,159817],{},"that the result is a tuple",[176,159819,159820],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[42,159822,2343],{"id":2342},[353,159824,159826],{"id":159825},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159828,159829],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[353,159831,159833],{"id":159832},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159835,159836],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[353,159838,5682,159840,40471],{"id":159839},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159841,158659],{},[20,159843,159844],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[353,159846,159848,159849,2363],{"id":159847},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159850,71227],{},[20,159852,159853,159854,156],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159855,71227],{},[42,159857,2417],{"id":2416},[173,159859,159860,159864,159868,159872,159876],{},[176,159861,159862],{},[264,159863,156366],{"href":151253},[176,159865,159866],{},[264,159867,149947],{"href":153373},[176,159869,159870],{},[264,159871,151196],{"href":157530},[176,159873,159874],{},[264,159875,148274],{"href":157892},[176,159877,159878],{},[264,159879,155119],{"href":159384},[2451,159881,159882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":159884},[159885,159886,159887,159888,159896,159900,159901,159906,159907,159912,159913,159921],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":157692,"depth":87,"text":157693},{"id":157895,"depth":87,"text":157896},{"id":76509,"depth":87,"text":76510,"children":159889},[159890,159892,159893,159894,159895],{"id":158053,"depth":102,"text":159891},"Get the first n items",{"id":158132,"depth":102,"text":158133},{"id":158210,"depth":102,"text":158211},{"id":158292,"depth":102,"text":158293},{"id":158374,"depth":102,"text":158375},{"id":76803,"depth":87,"text":76804,"children":159897},[159898,159899],{"id":158469,"depth":102,"text":158470},{"id":158553,"depth":102,"text":158554},{"id":158642,"depth":87,"text":158643},{"id":158894,"depth":87,"text":158895,"children":159902},[159903,159904,159905],{"id":158903,"depth":102,"text":158904},{"id":159019,"depth":102,"text":159020},{"id":159127,"depth":102,"text":159128},{"id":159193,"depth":87,"text":159194},{"id":77633,"depth":87,"text":15711,"children":159908},[159909,159910,159911],{"id":159410,"depth":102,"text":159411},{"id":159495,"depth":102,"text":159496},{"id":159592,"depth":102,"text":159593},{"id":114011,"depth":87,"text":114012},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":159914},[159915,159916,159917,159919],{"id":159825,"depth":102,"text":159826},{"id":159832,"depth":102,"text":159833},{"id":159839,"depth":102,"text":159918},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159847,"depth":102,"text":159920},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157536,"description":159922},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159929,"title":159930,"body":159931,"description":161754,"extension":2509,"meta":161755,"navigation":105,"path":35338,"seo":161756,"stem":161757,"__hash__":161758},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159932,"toc":161720},[159933,159938,159943,159947,159965,159968,159983,159989,159991,160048,160050,160082,160094,160100,160105,160108,160143,160149,160151,160154,160168,160171,160173,160196,160198,160216,160219,160235,160237,160240,160353,160355,160444,160447,160452,160458,160461,160464,160563,160565,160624,160629,160632,160701,160705,160737,160753,160758,160765,160772,160784,160786,160835,160837,160860,160866,160914,160919,160926,160934,160940,160943,160967,160970,160972,161048,161050,161075,161081,161084,161089,161093,161107,161109,161172,161174,161206,161209,161225,161227,161233,161240,161242,161261,161263,161281,161288,161293,161300,161302,161339,161342,161349,161353,161356,161414,161417,161420,161475,161477,161489,161495,161497,161501,161534,161541,161543,161606,161609,161611,161616,161630,161637,161645,161654,161663,161669,161675,161677,161717],[10,159934,13,159936,18],{"id":159935},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159937,2847],{},[20,159939,22,159940,159942],{},[15,159941,2847],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159944,63265,159945,104856],{},[15,159946,2847],{},[173,159948,159949,159952,159955,159958],{},[176,159950,159951],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[176,159953,159954],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[176,159956,159957],{},"debug confusing code",[176,159959,159960,159961],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[264,159962,159963],{"href":8751},[15,159964,1871],{},[20,159966,159967],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[47,159969,159971],{"className":49,"code":159970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"type(object)\n",[15,159972,159973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159974,159975,159977,159979,159981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159976,2312],{"class":378},[56,159978,77],{"class":76},[56,159980,42906],{"class":378},[56,159982,99],{"class":76},[20,159984,159985,159986,159988],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159987,2847],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[42,159990,4151],{"id":4150},[47,159992,159994],{"className":49,"code":159993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159995,159996,160008,160022,160026,160034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159997,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159999,8409],{"class":65},[56,160001,1217],{"class":827},[56,160003,1231],{"class":1016},[56,160005,5543],{"class":1020},[56,160007,3903],{"class":1016},[56,160009,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160011,373],{"class":72},[56,160013,77],{"class":76},[56,160015,2312],{"class":378},[56,160017,77],{"class":76},[56,160019,8201],{"class":95},[56,160021,1635],{"class":76},[56,160023,160024],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160025,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,160027,160028,160030,160032],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,160029,2763],{"class":65},[56,160031,1217],{"class":827},[56,160033,3130],{"class":80},[56,160035,160036,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,160037,373],{"class":72},[56,160039,77],{"class":76},[56,160041,2312],{"class":378},[56,160043,77],{"class":76},[56,160045,234],{"class":95},[56,160047,1635],{"class":76},[20,160049,239],{},[47,160051,160052],{"className":49,"code":125359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,160053,160054,160068],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160055,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160057,3833],{"class":827},[56,160059,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160061,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160063,3988],{"class":1020},[56,160065,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160067,3847],{"class":827},[56,160069,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160071,3833],{"class":827},[56,160073,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160075,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160077,2734],{"class":1020},[56,160079,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160081,3847],{"class":827},[20,160083,2638,160084,160087,160088,4935,160091,156],{},[15,160085,160086],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160089,160090],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160092,160093],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[42,160095,13530,160097,160099],{"id":160096},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160098,2847],{}," function does",[20,160101,160102,160104],{},[15,160103,2847],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160106,160107],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[173,160109,160110,160115,160120,160125,160130,160135],{},[176,160111,160112,160114],{},[15,160113,3988],{}," for text",[176,160116,160117,160119],{},[15,160118,2734],{}," for whole numbers",[176,160121,160122,160124],{},[15,160123,2738],{}," for decimal numbers",[176,160126,160127,160129],{},[15,160128,379],{}," for lists",[176,160131,160132,160134],{},[15,160133,9353],{}," for dictionaries",[176,160136,160137,69593,160139,4935,160141],{},[15,160138,4409],{},[15,160140,4146],{},[15,160142,4215],{},[20,160144,160145,160146,160148],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160147,2847],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[42,160150,2702],{"id":2701},[20,160152,160153],{},"The main beginner form is:",[47,160155,160156],{"className":49,"code":159970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,160157,160158],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160159,160160,160162,160164,160166],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160161,2312],{"class":378},[56,160163,77],{"class":76},[56,160165,42906],{"class":378},[56,160167,99],{"class":76},[20,160169,160170],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160172,986],{},[47,160174,160176],{"className":49,"code":160175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160177,160178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160179,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160181,373],{"class":72},[56,160183,77],{"class":76},[56,160185,2312],{"class":378},[56,160187,77],{"class":76},[56,160189,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160191,4386],{"class":1020},[56,160193,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160195,1635],{"class":76},[20,160197,239],{},[47,160199,160200],{"className":49,"code":46276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,160201,160202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160203,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160205,3833],{"class":827},[56,160207,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160209,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160211,3988],{"class":1020},[56,160213,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160215,3847],{"class":827},[20,160217,160218],{},"You can pass either:",[173,160220,160221,160228],{},[176,160222,160223,160224,3422,160226],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160225,65033],{},[15,160227,47032],{},[176,160229,160230,160231,3422,160233],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160232,8201],{},[15,160234,9831],{},[42,160236,122171],{"id":122170},[20,160238,160239],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[47,160241,160243],{"className":49,"code":160242,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160244,160245,160263,160277,160291,160313,160339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160246,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257,160259,160261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160248,373],{"class":72},[56,160250,77],{"class":76},[56,160252,2312],{"class":378},[56,160254,77],{"class":76},[56,160256,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160258,4386],{"class":1020},[56,160260,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160262,1635],{"class":76},[56,160264,160265,160267,160269,160271,160273,160275],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160266,373],{"class":72},[56,160268,77],{"class":76},[56,160270,2312],{"class":378},[56,160272,77],{"class":76},[56,160274,2291],{"class":80},[56,160276,1635],{"class":76},[56,160278,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160280,373],{"class":72},[56,160282,77],{"class":76},[56,160284,2312],{"class":378},[56,160286,77],{"class":76},[56,160288,40654],{"class":80},[56,160290,1635],{"class":76},[56,160292,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,160294,373],{"class":72},[56,160296,77],{"class":76},[56,160298,2312],{"class":378},[56,160300,3528],{"class":76},[56,160302,529],{"class":80},[56,160304,306],{"class":76},[56,160306,414],{"class":80},[56,160308,306],{"class":76},[56,160310,419],{"class":80},[56,160312,3541],{"class":76},[56,160314,160315,160317,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,160316,373],{"class":72},[56,160318,77],{"class":76},[56,160320,2312],{"class":378},[56,160322,6068],{"class":76},[56,160324,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160326,8201],{"class":1020},[56,160328,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160330,1045],{"class":76},[56,160332,1231],{"class":1016},[56,160334,5543],{"class":1020},[56,160336,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160338,6077],{"class":76},[56,160340,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349,160351],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,160342,373],{"class":72},[56,160344,77],{"class":76},[56,160346,2312],{"class":378},[56,160348,77],{"class":76},[56,160350,4146],{"class":4393},[56,160352,1635],{"class":76},[20,160354,239],{},[47,160356,160358],{"className":49,"code":160357,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160359,160360,160374,160388,160402,160416,160430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160361,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370,160372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160363,3833],{"class":827},[56,160365,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160367,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160369,3988],{"class":1020},[56,160371,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160373,3847],{"class":827},[56,160375,160376,160378,160380,160382,160384,160386],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160377,3833],{"class":827},[56,160379,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160381,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160383,2734],{"class":1020},[56,160385,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160387,3847],{"class":827},[56,160389,160390,160392,160394,160396,160398,160400],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160391,3833],{"class":827},[56,160393,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160395,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160397,2738],{"class":1020},[56,160399,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160401,3847],{"class":827},[56,160403,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,160405,3833],{"class":827},[56,160407,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160409,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160411,379],{"class":1020},[56,160413,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160415,3847],{"class":827},[56,160417,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160428],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,160419,3833],{"class":827},[56,160421,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160423,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160425,9353],{"class":1020},[56,160427,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160429,3847],{"class":827},[56,160431,160432,160434,160436,160438,160440,160442],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,160433,3833],{"class":827},[56,160435,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160437,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160439,4409],{"class":1020},[56,160441,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160443,3847],{"class":827},[20,160445,160446],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160448,160449,160450,156],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[264,160451,45305],{"href":49481},[42,160453,958,160455,160457],{"id":160454},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160456,2847],{}," with variables",[20,160459,160460],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160462,160463],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[47,160465,160467],{"className":49,"code":160466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160468,160469,160477,160495,160499,160511,160529,160533,160545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160470,160471,160473,160475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160472,2992],{"class":65},[56,160474,1217],{"class":827},[56,160476,3130],{"class":80},[56,160478,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160480,373],{"class":72},[56,160482,77],{"class":76},[56,160484,3017],{"class":95},[56,160486,306],{"class":76},[56,160488,49893],{"class":378},[56,160490,77],{"class":76},[56,160492,3017],{"class":95},[56,160494,1635],{"class":76},[56,160496,160497],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160498,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,160500,160501,160503,160505,160507,160509],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,160502,2992],{"class":65},[56,160504,1217],{"class":827},[56,160506,1231],{"class":1016},[56,160508,46413],{"class":1020},[56,160510,3903],{"class":1016},[56,160512,160513,160515,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,160514,373],{"class":72},[56,160516,77],{"class":76},[56,160518,3017],{"class":95},[56,160520,306],{"class":76},[56,160522,49893],{"class":378},[56,160524,77],{"class":76},[56,160526,3017],{"class":95},[56,160528,1635],{"class":76},[56,160530,160531],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,160532,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,160534,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,160536,2992],{"class":65},[56,160538,1217],{"class":827},[56,160540,1220],{"class":76},[56,160542,2291],{"class":80},[56,160544,427],{"class":76},[56,160546,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559,160561],{"class":58,"line":134},[56,160548,373],{"class":72},[56,160550,77],{"class":76},[56,160552,3017],{"class":95},[56,160554,306],{"class":76},[56,160556,49893],{"class":378},[56,160558,77],{"class":76},[56,160560,3017],{"class":95},[56,160562,1635],{"class":76},[20,160564,239],{},[47,160566,160568],{"className":49,"code":160567,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160569,160570,160587,160604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160571,160572,160574,160577,160579,160581,160583,160585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160573,2291],{"class":80},[56,160575,160576],{"class":827}," \u003C",[56,160578,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160580,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160582,2734],{"class":1020},[56,160584,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160586,3847],{"class":827},[56,160588,160589,160592,160594,160596,160598,160600,160602],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160590,160591],{"class":65},"ten ",[56,160593,3833],{"class":827},[56,160595,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160597,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160599,3988],{"class":1020},[56,160601,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160603,3847],{"class":827},[56,160605,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160607,402],{"class":76},[56,160609,2291],{"class":80},[56,160611,13807],{"class":76},[56,160613,160576],{"class":827},[56,160615,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160617,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160619,379],{"class":1020},[56,160621,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160623,3847],{"class":827},[20,160625,160626,160628],{},[15,160627,2847],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160630,160631],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[47,160633,160635],{"className":49,"code":160634,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160636,160637,160655,160669,160673,160687],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160638,160639,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649,160651,160653],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160640,3936],{"class":65},[56,160642,1217],{"class":827},[56,160644,1886],{"class":72},[56,160646,77],{"class":76},[56,160648,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160650,1893],{"class":1020},[56,160652,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160654,99],{"class":76},[56,160656,160657,160659,160661,160663,160665,160667],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160658,373],{"class":72},[56,160660,77],{"class":76},[56,160662,2312],{"class":378},[56,160664,77],{"class":76},[56,160666,3962],{"class":95},[56,160668,1635],{"class":76},[56,160670,160671],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160672,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,160674,160675,160677,160679,160681,160683,160685],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,160676,123283],{"class":65},[56,160678,1217],{"class":827},[56,160680,1951],{"class":378},[56,160682,77],{"class":76},[56,160684,3962],{"class":95},[56,160686,99],{"class":76},[56,160688,160689,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,160690,373],{"class":72},[56,160692,77],{"class":76},[56,160694,2312],{"class":378},[56,160696,77],{"class":76},[56,160698,123306],{"class":95},[56,160700,1635],{"class":76},[20,160702,41631,160703,41635],{},[15,160704,9725],{},[47,160706,160707],{"className":49,"code":125359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,160708,160709,160723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160710,160711,160713,160715,160717,160719,160721],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160712,3833],{"class":827},[56,160714,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160716,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160718,3988],{"class":1020},[56,160720,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160722,3847],{"class":827},[56,160724,160725,160727,160729,160731,160733,160735],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160726,3833],{"class":827},[56,160728,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160730,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160732,2734],{"class":1020},[56,160734,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160736,3847],{"class":827},[20,160738,46209,160739,160743,160744,3422,160748,160752],{},[264,160740,160741],{"href":8751},[15,160742,1871],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[264,160745,160746],{"href":3418},[15,160747,3421],{},[264,160749,160750],{"href":3425},[15,160751,3428],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160754,160755,160756,156],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[264,160757,9512],{"href":9511},[42,160759,160761,1682,160763],{"id":160760},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160762,2847],{},[15,160764,45313],{},[20,160766,160767,4935,160769,160771],{},[15,160768,2847],{},[15,160770,45313],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[173,160773,160774,160779],{},[176,160775,160776,160778],{},[15,160777,2847],{}," tells you the exact type",[176,160780,160781,160783],{},[15,160782,45313],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160785,986],{},[47,160787,160789],{"className":49,"code":160788,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160790,160791,160799,160803,160817],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160792,160793,160795,160797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160794,2992],{"class":65},[56,160796,1217],{"class":827},[56,160798,35372],{"class":80},[56,160800,160801],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160802,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,160804,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160806,373],{"class":72},[56,160808,77],{"class":76},[56,160810,2312],{"class":378},[56,160812,77],{"class":76},[56,160814,3017],{"class":95},[56,160816,1635],{"class":76},[56,160818,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,160820,373],{"class":72},[56,160822,77],{"class":76},[56,160824,49378],{"class":72},[56,160826,77],{"class":76},[56,160828,3017],{"class":95},[56,160830,306],{"class":76},[56,160832,1951],{"class":378},[56,160834,1635],{"class":76},[20,160836,239],{},[47,160838,160840],{"className":49,"code":160839,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160841,160842,160856],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160843,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160845,3833],{"class":827},[56,160847,3836],{"class":2610},[56,160849,3839],{"class":1016},[56,160851,2734],{"class":1020},[56,160853,3844],{"class":1016},[56,160855,3847],{"class":827},[56,160857,160858],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160859,4519],{"class":4393},[20,160861,160862,160863,160865],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160864,45313],{}," is more practical.",[47,160867,160869],{"className":49,"code":160868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160870,160871,160879,160883,160899],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160872,160873,160875,160877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160874,2992],{"class":65},[56,160876,1217],{"class":827},[56,160878,35372],{"class":80},[56,160880,160881],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,160882,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,160884,160885,160887,160889,160891,160893,160895,160897],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160886,7529],{"class":62},[56,160888,50116],{"class":72},[56,160890,77],{"class":76},[56,160892,3017],{"class":95},[56,160894,306],{"class":76},[56,160896,1951],{"class":378},[56,160898,84],{"class":76},[56,160900,160901,160903,160905,160907,160910,160912],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,160902,90],{"class":72},[56,160904,77],{"class":76},[56,160906,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160908,160909],{"class":1020},"This is an integer",[56,160911,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160913,99],{"class":76},[20,160915,2638,160916,160918],{},[15,160917,2847],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160920,2638,160921,160923,160924,7704],{},[15,160922,45313],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160925,7529],{},[20,160927,160928,160929,156],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[264,160930,13,160932,2430],{"href":160931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160933,45313],{},[42,160935,160937,160938],{"id":160936},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160939,2847],{},[20,160941,160942],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[47,160944,160946],{"className":49,"code":160945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160947,160948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160949,160950,160952,160954,160956,160958,160961,160963,160965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160951,2312],{"class":378},[56,160953,77],{"class":76},[56,160955,8201],{"class":95},[56,160957,306],{"class":76},[56,160959,160960],{"class":95}," bases",[56,160962,306],{"class":76},[56,160964,9702],{"class":378},[56,160966,99],{"class":76},[20,160968,160969],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160971,986],{},[47,160973,160975],{"className":49,"code":160974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160976,160977,161020,161024,161034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160978,160979,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160993,160995,160997,161000,161002,161004,161007,161009,161011,161013,161016,161018],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160980,160981],{"class":65},"Person ",[56,160983,1217],{"class":827},[56,160985,49893],{"class":378},[56,160987,77],{"class":76},[56,160989,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160991,160992],{"class":1020},"Person",[56,160994,1017],{"class":1016},[56,160996,306],{"class":76},[56,160998,160999],{"class":76}," (),",[56,161001,11023],{"class":76},[56,161003,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161005,161006],{"class":1020},"species",[56,161008,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161010,1045],{"class":76},[56,161012,1231],{"class":1016},[56,161014,161015],{"class":1020},"human",[56,161017,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161019,31026],{"class":76},[56,161021,161022],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161023,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,161025,161026,161028,161030,161032],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161027,373],{"class":72},[56,161029,77],{"class":76},[56,161031,160992],{"class":95},[56,161033,99],{"class":76},[56,161035,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,161037,373],{"class":72},[56,161039,77],{"class":76},[56,161041,160992],{"class":95},[56,161043,156],{"class":76},[56,161045,161006],{"class":25284},[56,161047,99],{"class":76},[20,161049,239],{},[47,161051,161053],{"className":49,"code":161052,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161054,161055,161070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161056,161057,161059,161061,161063,161066,161068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161058,3833],{"class":827},[56,161060,3836],{"class":2610},[56,161062,3839],{"class":1016},[56,161064,161065],{"class":1020},"__main__.Person",[56,161067,3844],{"class":1016},[56,161069,3847],{"class":827},[56,161071,161072],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161073,161074],{"class":65},"human\n",[20,161076,161077,161078,161080],{},"Most beginners do ",[37,161079,5170],{}," need this form.",[20,161082,161083],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[42,161085,5500,161087],{"id":161086},"when-to-use-type",[15,161088,2847],{},[20,161090,161091,12978],{},[15,161092,2847],{},[173,161094,161095,161098,161101,161104],{},[176,161096,161097],{},"debug unexpected values",[176,161099,161100],{},"check what a conversion produced",[176,161102,161103],{},"learn Python data types",[176,161105,161106],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161108,1584],{},[47,161110,161112],{"className":49,"code":161111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161113,161114,161126,161140,161144,161158],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161115,161116,161118,161120,161122,161124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161117,35217],{"class":65},[56,161119,1217],{"class":827},[56,161121,1231],{"class":1016},[56,161123,50749],{"class":1020},[56,161125,3903],{"class":1016},[56,161127,161128,161130,161132,161134,161136,161138],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161129,2763],{"class":65},[56,161131,1217],{"class":827},[56,161133,1951],{"class":378},[56,161135,77],{"class":76},[56,161137,35238],{"class":95},[56,161139,99],{"class":76},[56,161141,161142],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161143,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,161145,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,161147,373],{"class":72},[56,161149,77],{"class":76},[56,161151,2312],{"class":378},[56,161153,77],{"class":76},[56,161155,35238],{"class":95},[56,161157,1635],{"class":76},[56,161159,161160,161162,161164,161166,161168,161170],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,161161,373],{"class":72},[56,161163,77],{"class":76},[56,161165,2312],{"class":378},[56,161167,77],{"class":76},[56,161169,234],{"class":95},[56,161171,1635],{"class":76},[20,161173,239],{},[47,161175,161176],{"className":49,"code":125359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,161177,161178,161192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161179,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161181,3833],{"class":827},[56,161183,3836],{"class":2610},[56,161185,3839],{"class":1016},[56,161187,3988],{"class":1020},[56,161189,3844],{"class":1016},[56,161191,3847],{"class":827},[56,161193,161194,161196,161198,161200,161202,161204],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161195,3833],{"class":827},[56,161197,3836],{"class":2610},[56,161199,3839],{"class":1016},[56,161201,2734],{"class":1020},[56,161203,3844],{"class":1016},[56,161205,3847],{"class":827},[20,161207,161208],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161210,161211,161212,2735,161216,17607,161220,161224],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[264,161213,161214],{"href":42684},[15,161215,48188],{},[264,161217,161218],{"href":3418},[15,161219,3421],{},[264,161221,161222],{"href":3425},[15,161223,3428],{}," are often the next step.",[42,161226,25891],{"id":25890},[20,161228,161229,161230,161232],{},"A few things about ",[15,161231,2847],{}," often confuse beginners.",[353,161234,161236,161239],{"id":161235},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161237,161238],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161241,65142],{},[47,161243,161245],{"className":49,"code":161244,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161246,161247],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161248,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161250,373],{"class":72},[56,161252,77],{"class":76},[56,161254,2312],{"class":378},[56,161256,77],{"class":76},[56,161258,81],{"class":80},[56,161260,1635],{"class":76},[20,161262,123202],{},[47,161264,161265],{"className":49,"code":156714,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,161266,161267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161268,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161270,3833],{"class":827},[56,161272,3836],{"class":2610},[56,161274,3839],{"class":1016},[56,161276,2734],{"class":1020},[56,161278,3844],{"class":1016},[56,161280,3847],{"class":827},[20,161282,41416,161283,161285,161286,156],{},[37,161284,5170],{}," print just ",[15,161287,2734],{},[20,161289,7208,161290,161292],{},[15,161291,2847],{}," returns a class object.",[353,161294,161296,2942,161298],{"id":161295},"input-returns-str",[15,161297,1871],{},[15,161299,3988],{},[20,161301,80031],{},[47,161303,161305],{"className":49,"code":161304,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161306,161307,161325],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161308,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161310,2992],{"class":65},[56,161312,1217],{"class":827},[56,161314,1886],{"class":72},[56,161316,77],{"class":76},[56,161318,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161320,46816],{"class":1020},[56,161322,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161324,99],{"class":76},[56,161326,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161328,373],{"class":72},[56,161330,77],{"class":76},[56,161332,2312],{"class":378},[56,161334,77],{"class":76},[56,161336,3017],{"class":95},[56,161338,1635],{"class":76},[20,161340,161341],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161343,161344,161345,3422,161347,156],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161346,3421],{},[15,161348,3428],{},[353,161350,161352],{"id":161351},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161354,161355],{},"Avoid code like this:",[47,161357,161359],{"className":49,"code":161358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161360,161361,161369,161373,161399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161362,161363,161365,161367],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161364,2992],{"class":65},[56,161366,1217],{"class":827},[56,161368,35372],{"class":80},[56,161370,161371],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161372,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,161374,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161376,7529],{"class":62},[56,161378,49407],{"class":378},[56,161380,77],{"class":76},[56,161382,2312],{"class":378},[56,161384,77],{"class":76},[56,161386,3017],{"class":95},[56,161388,5901],{"class":76},[56,161390,6941],{"class":827},[56,161392,1231],{"class":1016},[56,161394,160093],{"class":1020},[56,161396,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161398,1390],{"class":76},[56,161400,161401,161403,161405,161407,161410,161412],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,161402,90],{"class":72},[56,161404,77],{"class":76},[56,161406,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161408,161409],{"class":1020},"It is an int",[56,161411,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161413,99],{"class":76},[20,161415,161416],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161418,161419],{},"Better options:",[47,161421,161423],{"className":49,"code":161422,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161424,161425,161433,161437,161457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161426,161427,161429,161431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161428,2992],{"class":65},[56,161430,1217],{"class":827},[56,161432,35372],{"class":80},[56,161434,161435],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161436,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,161438,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161440,373],{"class":72},[56,161442,77],{"class":76},[56,161444,2312],{"class":378},[56,161446,77],{"class":76},[56,161448,3017],{"class":95},[56,161450,4202],{"class":76},[56,161452,6941],{"class":827},[56,161454,1951],{"class":378},[56,161456,99],{"class":76},[56,161458,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,161460,373],{"class":72},[56,161462,77],{"class":76},[56,161464,49378],{"class":72},[56,161466,77],{"class":76},[56,161468,3017],{"class":95},[56,161470,306],{"class":76},[56,161472,1951],{"class":378},[56,161474,1635],{"class":76},[20,161476,239],{},[47,161478,161479],{"className":49,"code":5047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,161480,161481,161485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161482,161483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161484,4519],{"class":4393},[56,161486,161487],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161488,4519],{"class":4393},[20,161490,161491,161492,161494],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161493,45313],{}," is the more useful check.",[42,161496,3374],{"id":3373},[20,161498,15268,161499,1045],{},[15,161500,2847],{},[173,161502,161503,161513,161522,161531],{},[176,161504,958,161505,161507,161508,161512],{},[15,161506,2847],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[264,161509,161510],{"href":8751},[15,161511,1871],{}," always returns a string",[176,161514,8983,161515,161517,161518,11624,161520],{},[15,161516,2847],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161519,2734],{},[15,161521,160093],{},[176,161523,958,161524,45137,161527,161530],{},[15,161525,161526],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161528,161529],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[176,161532,161533],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161535,161536,161537,156],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[264,161538,161540],{"href":161539},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161542,144868],{},[47,161544,161546],{"className":49,"code":161545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161547,161548,161562,161572,161586,161596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161549,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161551,373],{"class":72},[56,161553,77],{"class":76},[56,161555,2312],{"class":378},[56,161557,77],{"class":76},[56,161559,3017],{"class":95},[56,161561,1635],{"class":76},[56,161563,161564,161566,161568,161570],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161565,373],{"class":72},[56,161567,77],{"class":76},[56,161569,3017],{"class":95},[56,161571,99],{"class":76},[56,161573,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161575,373],{"class":72},[56,161577,77],{"class":76},[56,161579,42290],{"class":72},[56,161581,77],{"class":76},[56,161583,3017],{"class":95},[56,161585,1635],{"class":76},[56,161587,161588,161590,161592,161594],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,161589,32683],{"class":72},[56,161591,77],{"class":76},[56,161593,2312],{"class":378},[56,161595,99],{"class":76},[56,161597,161598,161600,161602,161604],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,161599,34901],{"class":72},[56,161601,77],{"class":76},[56,161603,3017],{"class":95},[56,161605,99],{"class":76},[20,161607,161608],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[42,161610,2343],{"id":2342},[353,161612,5682,161614,5685],{"id":161613},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161615,2847],{},[20,161617,161618,161619,2735,161621,2735,161623,2739,161625,161627,161628,156],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161620,3988],{},[15,161622,2734],{},[15,161624,379],{},[15,161626,9353],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161629,160090],{},[353,161631,2385,161633,57705,161635,2363],{"id":161632},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161634,2847],{},[15,161636,45313],{},[20,161638,46871,161639,161641,161642,161644],{},[15,161640,2847],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161643,45313],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[353,161646,2357,161648,161651,161652,2363],{"id":161647},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161649,161650],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161653,3988],{},[20,161655,29592,161656,161658,161659,3422,161661,160752],{},[15,161657,1871],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161660,3421],{},[15,161662,3428],{},[353,161664,2372,161666,161668],{"id":161665},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161667,2847],{}," create classes?",[20,161670,161671,161672,156],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161673,161674],{},"type(object)",[42,161676,2417],{"id":2416},[173,161678,161679,161683,161689,161695,161699,161705,161711],{},[176,161680,161681],{},[264,161682,45305],{"href":49481},[176,161684,161685],{},[264,161686,13,161687,2430],{"href":160931},[15,161688,45313],{},[176,161690,161691],{},[264,161692,13,161693,2430],{"href":8751},[15,161694,1871],{},[176,161696,161697],{},[264,161698,9589],{"href":9511},[176,161700,161701],{},[264,161702,13,161703,2430],{"href":3418},[15,161704,3421],{},[176,161706,161707],{},[264,161708,13,161709,2430],{"href":3425},[15,161710,3428],{},[176,161712,161713],{},[264,161714,13,161715,2430],{"href":42684},[15,161716,48188],{},[2451,161718,161719],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":161721},[161722,161723,161725,161726,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161742,161743,161753],{"id":4150,"depth":87,"text":4151},{"id":160096,"depth":87,"text":161724},"What the type() function does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":122170,"depth":87,"text":122171},{"id":160454,"depth":87,"text":161728},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160760,"depth":87,"text":161730},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160936,"depth":87,"text":161732},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161086,"depth":87,"text":161734},"When to use type()",{"id":25890,"depth":87,"text":25891,"children":161736},[161737,161739,161741],{"id":161235,"depth":102,"text":161738},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161295,"depth":102,"text":161740},"input() returns str",{"id":161351,"depth":102,"text":161352},{"id":3373,"depth":87,"text":3374},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":161744},[161745,161747,161749,161751],{"id":161613,"depth":102,"text":161746},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161632,"depth":102,"text":161748},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161647,"depth":102,"text":161750},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161665,"depth":102,"text":161752},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159930,"description":161754},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161760,"title":161761,"body":161762,"description":164241,"extension":2509,"meta":164242,"navigation":105,"path":164243,"seo":164244,"stem":164245,"__hash__":164246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161763,"toc":164198},[161764,161769,161774,161783,161785,161885,161887,161912,161917,161922,161938,161941,161943,161945,161970,161973,161976,162059,162061,162110,162113,162235,162237,162310,162314,162317,162431,162433,162459,162461,162482,162487,162491,162496,162499,162603,162605,162622,162631,162634,162721,162723,162734,162739,162745,162750,162756,162759,162852,162854,162903,162909,162912,163013,163015,163068,163073,163077,163080,163179,163181,163220,163223,163228,163230,163235,163239,163352,163356,163453,163457,163545,163547,163564,163568,163691,163697,163703,163709,163714,163717,163744,163748,163750,163844,163847,163851,163854,163941,163944,163979,163981,164018,164021,164029,164034,164039,164113,164120,164122,164127,164130,164136,164139,164145,164150,164156,164161,164165,164168,164170,164195],[10,161765,13,161767,18],{"id":161766},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161768,64818],{},[20,161770,161771,161773],{},[15,161772,64818],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161775,161776,161777,161779,161780,161782],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161778,64818],{}," inside a ",[15,161781,31],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[42,161784,45],{"id":44},[47,161786,161788],{"className":49,"code":161787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161789,161790,161822,161842,161846,161871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161791,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161793,5534],{"class":65},[56,161795,1217],{"class":827},[56,161797,1220],{"class":76},[56,161799,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161801,13414],{"class":1020},[56,161803,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161805,306],{"class":76},[56,161807,1231],{"class":1016},[56,161809,36467],{"class":1020},[56,161811,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161813,306],{"class":76},[56,161815,1231],{"class":1016},[56,161817,36476],{"class":1020},[56,161819,1017],{"class":1016},[56,161821,427],{"class":76},[56,161823,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161825,5603],{"class":65},[56,161827,1217],{"class":827},[56,161829,1220],{"class":76},[56,161831,14036],{"class":80},[56,161833,306],{"class":76},[56,161835,14041],{"class":80},[56,161837,306],{"class":76},[56,161839,29451],{"class":80},[56,161841,427],{"class":76},[56,161843,161844],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161845,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,161847,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,161849,31],{"class":62},[56,161851,36518],{"class":65},[56,161853,306],{"class":76},[56,161855,5645],{"class":65},[56,161857,69],{"class":62},[56,161859,161860],{"class":72}," zip",[56,161862,77],{"class":76},[56,161864,5578],{"class":95},[56,161866,306],{"class":76},[56,161868,5650],{"class":95},[56,161870,84],{"class":76},[56,161872,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,161874,90],{"class":72},[56,161876,77],{"class":76},[56,161878,8201],{"class":95},[56,161880,306],{"class":76},[56,161882,131148],{"class":95},[56,161884,99],{"class":76},[20,161886,239],{},[47,161888,161890],{"className":49,"code":161889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161891,161892,161898,161905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161893,161894,161896],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161895,134167],{"class":65},[56,161897,33666],{"class":80},[56,161899,161900,161903],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,161901,161902],{"class":65},"Ben ",[56,161904,33671],{"class":80},[56,161906,161907,161910],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161908,161909],{"class":65},"Cara ",[56,161911,33676],{"class":80},[20,161913,2638,161914,161916],{},[15,161915,64818],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[42,161918,160,161920,163],{"id":161919},"what-zip-does",[15,161921,64818],{},[173,161923,161924,161929,161932,161935],{},[176,161925,161926,161928],{},[15,161927,64818],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[176,161930,161931],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[176,161933,161934],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[176,161936,161937],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161939,161940],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[42,161942,2702],{"id":2701},[20,161944,7750],{},[47,161946,161948],{"className":49,"code":161947,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161949,161950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161951,161952,161954,161956,161959,161961,161964,161966,161968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161953,64888],{"class":72},[56,161955,77],{"class":76},[56,161957,161958],{"class":95},"iterable1",[56,161960,306],{"class":76},[56,161962,161963],{"class":95}," iterable2",[56,161965,306],{"class":76},[56,161967,34983],{"class":72},[56,161969,99],{"class":76},[20,161971,161972],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161974,161975],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[47,161977,161979],{"className":49,"code":161978,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161980,161981,162001,162033,162037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161982,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161984,1594],{"class":65},[56,161986,1217],{"class":827},[56,161988,1220],{"class":76},[56,161990,529],{"class":80},[56,161992,306],{"class":76},[56,161994,414],{"class":80},[56,161996,306],{"class":76},[56,161998,419],{"class":80},[56,162000,427],{"class":76},[56,162002,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162004,36614],{"class":65},[56,162006,1217],{"class":827},[56,162008,1220],{"class":76},[56,162010,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162012,264],{"class":1020},[56,162014,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162016,306],{"class":76},[56,162018,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162020,1234],{"class":1020},[56,162022,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162024,306],{"class":76},[56,162026,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162028,1243],{"class":1020},[56,162030,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162032,427],{"class":76},[56,162034,162035],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162036,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,162038,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,162040,373],{"class":72},[56,162042,77],{"class":76},[56,162044,379],{"class":378},[56,162046,77],{"class":76},[56,162048,64888],{"class":72},[56,162050,77],{"class":76},[56,162052,1618],{"class":95},[56,162054,306],{"class":76},[56,162056,70592],{"class":95},[56,162058,390],{"class":76},[20,162060,239],{},[47,162062,162064],{"className":49,"code":162063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162065,162066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162067,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162069,22276],{"class":76},[56,162071,529],{"class":80},[56,162073,306],{"class":76},[56,162075,3839],{"class":1016},[56,162077,264],{"class":1020},[56,162079,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162081,9765],{"class":76},[56,162083,9768],{"class":76},[56,162085,463],{"class":80},[56,162087,306],{"class":76},[56,162089,3839],{"class":1016},[56,162091,1234],{"class":1020},[56,162093,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162095,9765],{"class":76},[56,162097,9768],{"class":76},[56,162099,223],{"class":80},[56,162101,306],{"class":76},[56,162103,3839],{"class":1016},[56,162105,1243],{"class":1020},[56,162107,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162109,9781],{"class":76},[20,162111,162112],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[47,162114,162116],{"className":49,"code":162115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162117,162118,162150,162170,162204,162208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162119,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162121,5534],{"class":65},[56,162123,1217],{"class":827},[56,162125,1220],{"class":76},[56,162127,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162129,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162131,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162133,306],{"class":76},[56,162135,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162137,36467],{"class":1020},[56,162139,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162141,306],{"class":76},[56,162143,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162145,36476],{"class":1020},[56,162147,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162149,427],{"class":76},[56,162151,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162153,5603],{"class":65},[56,162155,1217],{"class":827},[56,162157,1220],{"class":76},[56,162159,14036],{"class":80},[56,162161,306],{"class":76},[56,162163,14041],{"class":80},[56,162165,306],{"class":76},[56,162167,29451],{"class":80},[56,162169,427],{"class":76},[56,162171,162172,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162200,162202],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162173,162174],{"class":65},"grades ",[56,162176,1217],{"class":827},[56,162178,1220],{"class":76},[56,162180,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162182,22781],{"class":1020},[56,162184,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162186,306],{"class":76},[56,162188,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162190,31130],{"class":1020},[56,162192,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162194,306],{"class":76},[56,162196,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162198,162199],{"class":1020},"B+",[56,162201,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162203,427],{"class":76},[56,162205,162206],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,162207,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,162209,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162233],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,162211,373],{"class":72},[56,162213,77],{"class":76},[56,162215,379],{"class":378},[56,162217,77],{"class":76},[56,162219,64888],{"class":72},[56,162221,77],{"class":76},[56,162223,5578],{"class":95},[56,162225,306],{"class":76},[56,162227,5650],{"class":95},[56,162229,306],{"class":76},[56,162231,162232],{"class":95}," grades",[56,162234,390],{"class":76},[20,162236,239],{},[47,162238,162240],{"className":49,"code":162239,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162241,162242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162243,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162245,22276],{"class":76},[56,162247,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162249,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162251,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162253,306],{"class":76},[56,162255,20433],{"class":80},[56,162257,306],{"class":76},[56,162259,3839],{"class":1016},[56,162261,22781],{"class":1020},[56,162263,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162265,9765],{"class":76},[56,162267,9768],{"class":76},[56,162269,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162271,36467],{"class":1020},[56,162273,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162275,306],{"class":76},[56,162277,14041],{"class":80},[56,162279,306],{"class":76},[56,162281,3839],{"class":1016},[56,162283,31130],{"class":1020},[56,162285,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162287,9765],{"class":76},[56,162289,9768],{"class":76},[56,162291,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162293,36476],{"class":1020},[56,162295,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162297,306],{"class":76},[56,162299,29451],{"class":80},[56,162301,306],{"class":76},[56,162303,3839],{"class":1016},[56,162305,162199],{"class":1020},[56,162307,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162309,9781],{"class":76},[42,162311,162313],{"id":162312},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162315,162316],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[47,162318,162320],{"className":49,"code":162319,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162321,162322,162354,162374,162378,162402],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162323,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162325,5534],{"class":65},[56,162327,1217],{"class":827},[56,162329,1220],{"class":76},[56,162331,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162333,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162335,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162337,306],{"class":76},[56,162339,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162341,36467],{"class":1020},[56,162343,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162345,306],{"class":76},[56,162347,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162349,36476],{"class":1020},[56,162351,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162353,427],{"class":76},[56,162355,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162357,5603],{"class":65},[56,162359,1217],{"class":827},[56,162361,1220],{"class":76},[56,162363,14036],{"class":80},[56,162365,306],{"class":76},[56,162367,14041],{"class":80},[56,162369,306],{"class":76},[56,162371,29451],{"class":80},[56,162373,427],{"class":76},[56,162375,162376],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162377,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,162379,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,162381,31],{"class":62},[56,162383,36518],{"class":65},[56,162385,306],{"class":76},[56,162387,5645],{"class":65},[56,162389,69],{"class":62},[56,162391,161860],{"class":72},[56,162393,77],{"class":76},[56,162395,5578],{"class":95},[56,162397,306],{"class":76},[56,162399,5650],{"class":95},[56,162401,84],{"class":76},[56,162403,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,162405,90],{"class":72},[56,162407,77],{"class":76},[56,162409,22830],{"class":2610},[56,162411,1017],{"class":1020},[56,162413,9810],{"class":80},[56,162415,8201],{"class":95},[56,162417,22839],{"class":80},[56,162419,162420],{"class":1020}," scored ",[56,162422,9810],{"class":80},[56,162424,86007],{"class":95},[56,162426,22839],{"class":80},[56,162428,1017],{"class":1020},[56,162430,99],{"class":76},[20,162432,239],{},[47,162434,162436],{"className":49,"code":162435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162437,162438,162445,162452],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162439,162440,162443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162441,162442],{"class":65},"Ana scored ",[56,162444,33666],{"class":80},[56,162446,162447,162450],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162448,162449],{"class":65},"Ben scored ",[56,162451,33671],{"class":80},[56,162453,162454,162457],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162455,162456],{"class":65},"Cara scored ",[56,162458,33676],{"class":80},[20,162460,45438],{},[173,162462,162463,162472,162475],{},[176,162464,162465,162468,162469],{},[15,162466,162467],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162470,162471],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[176,162473,162474],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[176,162476,162477,4935,162479,162481],{},[15,162478,8201],{},[15,162480,86007],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162483,162484,162485,156],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[264,162486,70109],{"href":70108},[42,162488,162490],{"id":162489},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162492,162493,162495],{},[15,162494,64818],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162497,162498],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[47,162500,162502],{"className":49,"code":162501,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162503,162504,162545,162561,162565,162589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162505,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162541,162543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162507,5534],{"class":65},[56,162509,1217],{"class":827},[56,162511,1220],{"class":76},[56,162513,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162515,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162517,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162519,306],{"class":76},[56,162521,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162523,36467],{"class":1020},[56,162525,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162527,306],{"class":76},[56,162529,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162531,36476],{"class":1020},[56,162533,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162535,306],{"class":76},[56,162537,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162539,162540],{"class":1020},"Dan",[56,162542,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162544,427],{"class":76},[56,162546,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162548,5603],{"class":65},[56,162550,1217],{"class":827},[56,162552,1220],{"class":76},[56,162554,14036],{"class":80},[56,162556,306],{"class":76},[56,162558,14041],{"class":80},[56,162560,427],{"class":76},[56,162562,162563],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162564,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,162566,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,162568,31],{"class":62},[56,162570,36518],{"class":65},[56,162572,306],{"class":76},[56,162574,5645],{"class":65},[56,162576,69],{"class":62},[56,162578,161860],{"class":72},[56,162580,77],{"class":76},[56,162582,5578],{"class":95},[56,162584,306],{"class":76},[56,162586,5650],{"class":95},[56,162588,84],{"class":76},[56,162590,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,162592,90],{"class":72},[56,162594,77],{"class":76},[56,162596,8201],{"class":95},[56,162598,306],{"class":76},[56,162600,131148],{"class":95},[56,162602,99],{"class":76},[20,162604,239],{},[47,162606,162608],{"className":49,"code":162607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162609,162610,162616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162611,162612,162614],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162613,134167],{"class":65},[56,162615,33666],{"class":80},[56,162617,162618,162620],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162619,161902],{"class":65},[56,162621,33671],{"class":80},[20,162623,2831,162624,4935,162627,162630],{},[15,162625,162626],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162628,162629],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162632,162633],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[47,162635,162637],{"className":49,"code":162636,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162638,162639,162679,162695,162699],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162640,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162642,5534],{"class":65},[56,162644,1217],{"class":827},[56,162646,1220],{"class":76},[56,162648,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162650,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162652,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162654,306],{"class":76},[56,162656,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162658,36467],{"class":1020},[56,162660,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162662,306],{"class":76},[56,162664,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162666,36476],{"class":1020},[56,162668,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162670,306],{"class":76},[56,162672,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162674,162540],{"class":1020},[56,162676,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162678,427],{"class":76},[56,162680,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162682,5603],{"class":65},[56,162684,1217],{"class":827},[56,162686,1220],{"class":76},[56,162688,14036],{"class":80},[56,162690,306],{"class":76},[56,162692,14041],{"class":80},[56,162694,427],{"class":76},[56,162696,162697],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162698,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,162700,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,162702,373],{"class":72},[56,162704,77],{"class":76},[56,162706,1266],{"class":72},[56,162708,77],{"class":76},[56,162710,5578],{"class":95},[56,162712,9765],{"class":76},[56,162714,38897],{"class":72},[56,162716,77],{"class":76},[56,162718,16924],{"class":95},[56,162720,1635],{"class":76},[20,162722,239],{},[47,162724,162726],{"className":49,"code":162725,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4 2\n",[15,162727,162728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162729,162730,162732],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162731,1603],{"class":80},[56,162733,1066],{"class":80},[20,162735,162736,162737,156],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162738,64818],{},[42,162740,1504,162742,162744],{"id":162741},"converting-zip-output",[15,162743,64818],{}," output",[20,162746,29592,162747,162749],{},[15,162748,64818],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[353,162751,2638,162753],{"id":162752},"use-listzip",[15,162754,162755],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162757,162758],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[47,162760,162762],{"className":49,"code":162761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162763,162764,162796,162816,162820,162842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162765,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162767,5534],{"class":65},[56,162769,1217],{"class":827},[56,162771,1220],{"class":76},[56,162773,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162775,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162777,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162779,306],{"class":76},[56,162781,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162783,36467],{"class":1020},[56,162785,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162787,306],{"class":76},[56,162789,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162791,36476],{"class":1020},[56,162793,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162795,427],{"class":76},[56,162797,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162799,5603],{"class":65},[56,162801,1217],{"class":827},[56,162803,1220],{"class":76},[56,162805,14036],{"class":80},[56,162807,306],{"class":76},[56,162809,14041],{"class":80},[56,162811,306],{"class":76},[56,162813,29451],{"class":80},[56,162815,427],{"class":76},[56,162817,162818],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162819,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,162821,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,162823,9747],{"class":65},[56,162825,1217],{"class":827},[56,162827,23096],{"class":378},[56,162829,77],{"class":76},[56,162831,64888],{"class":72},[56,162833,77],{"class":76},[56,162835,5578],{"class":95},[56,162837,306],{"class":76},[56,162839,5650],{"class":95},[56,162841,1635],{"class":76},[56,162843,162844,162846,162848,162850],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,162845,373],{"class":72},[56,162847,77],{"class":76},[56,162849,9794],{"class":95},[56,162851,99],{"class":76},[20,162853,239],{},[47,162855,162857],{"className":49,"code":162856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162858,162859],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162860,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162862,22276],{"class":76},[56,162864,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162866,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162868,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162870,306],{"class":76},[56,162872,20433],{"class":80},[56,162874,9765],{"class":76},[56,162876,9768],{"class":76},[56,162878,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162880,36467],{"class":1020},[56,162882,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162884,306],{"class":76},[56,162886,14041],{"class":80},[56,162888,9765],{"class":76},[56,162890,9768],{"class":76},[56,162892,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162894,36476],{"class":1020},[56,162896,3844],{"class":1016},[56,162898,306],{"class":76},[56,162900,29451],{"class":80},[56,162902,9781],{"class":76},[353,162904,2638,162906],{"id":162905},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162907,162908],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162910,162911],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[47,162913,162915],{"className":49,"code":162914,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162916,162917,162949,162977,162981,163003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162918,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162920,17777],{"class":65},[56,162922,1217],{"class":827},[56,162924,1220],{"class":76},[56,162926,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162928,8201],{"class":1020},[56,162930,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162932,306],{"class":76},[56,162934,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162936,9831],{"class":1020},[56,162938,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162940,306],{"class":76},[56,162942,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162944,10941],{"class":1020},[56,162946,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162948,427],{"class":76},[56,162950,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,162952,4364],{"class":65},[56,162954,1217],{"class":827},[56,162956,1220],{"class":76},[56,162958,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162960,13414],{"class":1020},[56,162962,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162964,306],{"class":76},[56,162966,9838],{"class":80},[56,162968,306],{"class":76},[56,162970,1231],{"class":1016},[56,162972,16566],{"class":1020},[56,162974,1017],{"class":1016},[56,162976,427],{"class":76},[56,162978,162979],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162980,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,162982,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,162984,13738],{"class":65},[56,162986,1217],{"class":827},[56,162988,9702],{"class":378},[56,162990,77],{"class":76},[56,162992,64888],{"class":72},[56,162994,77],{"class":76},[56,162996,17459],{"class":95},[56,162998,306],{"class":76},[56,163000,4426],{"class":95},[56,163002,1635],{"class":76},[56,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163006,373],{"class":72},[56,163008,77],{"class":76},[56,163010,17842],{"class":95},[56,163012,99],{"class":76},[20,163014,239],{},[47,163016,163018],{"className":49,"code":163017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,163019,163020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163021,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163023,9810],{"class":76},[56,163025,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163027,8201],{"class":1020},[56,163029,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163031,1045],{"class":76},[56,163033,3839],{"class":1016},[56,163035,13414],{"class":1020},[56,163037,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163039,306],{"class":76},[56,163041,3839],{"class":1016},[56,163043,9831],{"class":1020},[56,163045,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163047,1045],{"class":76},[56,163049,9838],{"class":80},[56,163051,306],{"class":76},[56,163053,3839],{"class":1016},[56,163055,10941],{"class":1020},[56,163057,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163059,1045],{"class":76},[56,163061,3839],{"class":1016},[56,163063,16566],{"class":1020},[56,163065,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163067,9841],{"class":76},[20,163069,163070,163071,156],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[264,163072,31617],{"href":31616},[353,163074,163076],{"id":163075},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163078,163079],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[47,163081,163083],{"className":49,"code":163082,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163084,163085,163109,163125,163129,163147,163151,163165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163086,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163088,5534],{"class":65},[56,163090,1217],{"class":827},[56,163092,1220],{"class":76},[56,163094,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163096,13414],{"class":1020},[56,163098,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163100,306],{"class":76},[56,163102,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163104,36467],{"class":1020},[56,163106,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163108,427],{"class":76},[56,163110,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163112,5603],{"class":65},[56,163114,1217],{"class":827},[56,163116,1220],{"class":76},[56,163118,14036],{"class":80},[56,163120,306],{"class":76},[56,163122,14041],{"class":80},[56,163124,427],{"class":76},[56,163126,163127],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163128,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163130,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,163132,9747],{"class":65},[56,163134,1217],{"class":827},[56,163136,161860],{"class":72},[56,163138,77],{"class":76},[56,163140,5578],{"class":95},[56,163142,306],{"class":76},[56,163144,5650],{"class":95},[56,163146,99],{"class":76},[56,163148,163149],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163150,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163152,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,163154,373],{"class":72},[56,163156,77],{"class":76},[56,163158,379],{"class":378},[56,163160,77],{"class":76},[56,163162,9794],{"class":95},[56,163164,1635],{"class":76},[56,163166,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,163168,373],{"class":72},[56,163170,77],{"class":76},[56,163172,379],{"class":378},[56,163174,77],{"class":76},[56,163176,9794],{"class":95},[56,163178,1635],{"class":76},[20,163180,239],{},[47,163182,163184],{"className":49,"code":163183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163185,163186,163216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163187,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163189,22276],{"class":76},[56,163191,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163193,13414],{"class":1020},[56,163195,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163197,306],{"class":76},[56,163199,20433],{"class":80},[56,163201,9765],{"class":76},[56,163203,9768],{"class":76},[56,163205,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163207,36467],{"class":1020},[56,163209,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163211,306],{"class":76},[56,163213,14041],{"class":80},[56,163215,9781],{"class":76},[56,163217,163218],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163219,907],{"class":76},[20,163221,163222],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163224,163225,163226,156],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[264,163227,5676],{"href":6125},[42,163229,41556],{"id":41555},[20,163231,163232,163233,156],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163234,64818],{},[353,163236,163238],{"id":163237},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[47,163240,163242],{"className":49,"code":163241,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163243,163244,163276,163296,163300,163324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163245,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163247,5534],{"class":65},[56,163249,1217],{"class":827},[56,163251,1220],{"class":76},[56,163253,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163255,13414],{"class":1020},[56,163257,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163259,306],{"class":76},[56,163261,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163263,36467],{"class":1020},[56,163265,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163267,306],{"class":76},[56,163269,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163271,36476],{"class":1020},[56,163273,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163275,427],{"class":76},[56,163277,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163279,5603],{"class":65},[56,163281,1217],{"class":827},[56,163283,1220],{"class":76},[56,163285,14036],{"class":80},[56,163287,306],{"class":76},[56,163289,14041],{"class":80},[56,163291,306],{"class":76},[56,163293,29451],{"class":80},[56,163295,427],{"class":76},[56,163297,163298],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163299,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163301,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,163303,31],{"class":62},[56,163305,36518],{"class":65},[56,163307,306],{"class":76},[56,163309,5645],{"class":65},[56,163311,69],{"class":62},[56,163313,161860],{"class":72},[56,163315,77],{"class":76},[56,163317,5578],{"class":95},[56,163319,306],{"class":76},[56,163321,5650],{"class":95},[56,163323,84],{"class":76},[56,163325,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163327,90],{"class":72},[56,163329,77],{"class":76},[56,163331,22830],{"class":2610},[56,163333,1017],{"class":1020},[56,163335,9810],{"class":80},[56,163337,8201],{"class":95},[56,163339,22839],{"class":80},[56,163341,22842],{"class":1020},[56,163343,9810],{"class":80},[56,163345,86007],{"class":95},[56,163347,22839],{"class":80},[56,163349,1017],{"class":1020},[56,163351,99],{"class":76},[353,163353,163355],{"id":163354},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[47,163357,163359],{"className":49,"code":163358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163360,163361,163393,163417,163421,163443],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163362,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389,163391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163364,17777],{"class":65},[56,163366,1217],{"class":827},[56,163368,1220],{"class":76},[56,163370,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163372,13183],{"class":1020},[56,163374,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163376,306],{"class":76},[56,163378,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163380,8201],{"class":1020},[56,163382,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163384,306],{"class":76},[56,163386,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163388,16356],{"class":1020},[56,163390,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163392,427],{"class":76},[56,163394,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163396,4364],{"class":65},[56,163398,1217],{"class":827},[56,163400,1220],{"class":76},[56,163402,47098],{"class":80},[56,163404,306],{"class":76},[56,163406,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163408,13414],{"class":1020},[56,163410,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163412,306],{"class":76},[56,163414,4455],{"class":4393},[56,163416,427],{"class":76},[56,163418,163419],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163420,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163422,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,163424,9697],{"class":65},[56,163426,1217],{"class":827},[56,163428,9702],{"class":378},[56,163430,77],{"class":76},[56,163432,64888],{"class":72},[56,163434,77],{"class":76},[56,163436,17459],{"class":95},[56,163438,306],{"class":76},[56,163440,4426],{"class":95},[56,163442,1635],{"class":76},[56,163444,163445,163447,163449,163451],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163446,373],{"class":72},[56,163448,77],{"class":76},[56,163450,9736],{"class":95},[56,163452,99],{"class":76},[353,163454,163456],{"id":163455},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[47,163458,163460],{"className":49,"code":163459,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163461,163462,163482,163502,163506,163531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163463,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163465,81146],{"class":65},[56,163467,1217],{"class":827},[56,163469,1220],{"class":76},[56,163471,2291],{"class":80},[56,163473,306],{"class":76},[56,163475,8323],{"class":80},[56,163477,306],{"class":76},[56,163479,8328],{"class":80},[56,163481,427],{"class":76},[56,163483,163484,163486,163488,163490,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163485,81167],{"class":65},[56,163487,1217],{"class":827},[56,163489,1220],{"class":76},[56,163491,2291],{"class":80},[56,163493,306],{"class":76},[56,163495,9838],{"class":80},[56,163497,306],{"class":76},[56,163499,8328],{"class":80},[56,163501,427],{"class":76},[56,163503,163504],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163505,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163507,163508,163510,163512,163514,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,163509,31],{"class":62},[56,163511,57387],{"class":65},[56,163513,306],{"class":76},[56,163515,163516],{"class":65}," b ",[56,163518,69],{"class":62},[56,163520,161860],{"class":72},[56,163522,77],{"class":76},[56,163524,112035],{"class":95},[56,163526,306],{"class":76},[56,163528,81210],{"class":95},[56,163530,84],{"class":76},[56,163532,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163534,90],{"class":72},[56,163536,77],{"class":76},[56,163538,3098],{"class":95},[56,163540,5228],{"class":827},[56,163542,3103],{"class":95},[56,163544,99],{"class":76},[20,163546,239],{},[47,163548,163550],{"className":49,"code":163549,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163551,163552,163556,163560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163553,163554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163555,4519],{"class":4393},[56,163557,163558],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163559,4580],{"class":4393},[56,163561,163562],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163563,4519],{"class":4393},[353,163565,163567],{"id":163566},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[47,163569,163571],{"className":49,"code":163570,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163572,163573,163608,163631,163635,163662],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163574,163575,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163595,163597,163599,163601,163604,163606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163576,163577],{"class":65},"products ",[56,163579,1217],{"class":827},[56,163581,1220],{"class":76},[56,163583,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163585,25674],{"class":1020},[56,163587,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163589,306],{"class":76},[56,163591,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163593,163594],{"class":1020},"Pen",[56,163596,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163598,306],{"class":76},[56,163600,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163602,163603],{"class":1020},"Bag",[56,163605,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163607,427],{"class":76},[56,163609,163610,163612,163614,163616,163619,163621,163624,163626,163629],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163611,83535],{"class":65},[56,163613,1217],{"class":827},[56,163615,1220],{"class":76},[56,163617,163618],{"class":80},"12.5",[56,163620,306],{"class":76},[56,163622,163623],{"class":80}," 1.2",[56,163625,306],{"class":76},[56,163627,163628],{"class":80}," 25.0",[56,163630,427],{"class":76},[56,163632,163633],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163634,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163636,163637,163639,163641,163643,163646,163648,163650,163652,163655,163657,163660],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,163638,31],{"class":62},[56,163640,25735],{"class":65},[56,163642,306],{"class":76},[56,163644,163645],{"class":65}," price ",[56,163647,69],{"class":62},[56,163649,161860],{"class":72},[56,163651,77],{"class":76},[56,163653,163654],{"class":95},"products",[56,163656,306],{"class":76},[56,163658,163659],{"class":95}," prices",[56,163661,84],{"class":76},[56,163663,163664,163666,163668,163670,163672,163674,163676,163678,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163665,90],{"class":72},[56,163667,77],{"class":76},[56,163669,22830],{"class":2610},[56,163671,1017],{"class":1020},[56,163673,9810],{"class":80},[56,163675,27539],{"class":95},[56,163677,22839],{"class":80},[56,163679,163680],{"class":1020}," costs $",[56,163682,9810],{"class":80},[56,163684,25683],{"class":95},[56,163686,22839],{"class":80},[56,163688,1017],{"class":1020},[56,163690,99],{"class":76},[20,163692,37118,163693,156],{},[264,163694,163696],{"href":163695},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[42,163698,163700,163701],{"id":163699},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163702,64818],{},[353,163704,8983,163706,163708],{"id":163705},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163707,64818],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163710,163711,163713],{},[15,163712,64818],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163715,163716],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[47,163718,163720],{"className":49,"code":163719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163721,163722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163723,163724,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163725,373],{"class":72},[56,163727,77],{"class":76},[56,163729,1266],{"class":72},[56,163731,77],{"class":76},[56,163733,112035],{"class":95},[56,163735,9765],{"class":76},[56,163737,38897],{"class":72},[56,163739,77],{"class":76},[56,163741,81433],{"class":95},[56,163743,1635],{"class":76},[353,163745,163747],{"id":163746},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163749,69334],{},[47,163751,163753],{"className":49,"code":163752,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163754,163755,163791,163795,163808,163818,163822,163834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163756,163757,163759,163761,163763,163765,163767,163769,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163758,9747],{"class":65},[56,163760,1217],{"class":827},[56,163762,161860],{"class":72},[56,163764,3528],{"class":76},[56,163766,529],{"class":80},[56,163768,306],{"class":76},[56,163770,414],{"class":80},[56,163772,18597],{"class":76},[56,163774,1220],{"class":76},[56,163776,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163778,264],{"class":1020},[56,163780,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163782,306],{"class":76},[56,163784,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163786,1234],{"class":1020},[56,163788,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163790,1294],{"class":76},[56,163792,163793],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163794,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163796,163797,163799,163801,163803,163806],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163798,31],{"class":62},[56,163800,1383],{"class":65},[56,163802,69],{"class":62},[56,163804,163805],{"class":65}," pairs",[56,163807,1390],{"class":76},[56,163809,163810,163812,163814,163816],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,163811,90],{"class":72},[56,163813,77],{"class":76},[56,163815,1399],{"class":95},[56,163817,99],{"class":76},[56,163819,163820],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163821,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163823,163824,163826,163828,163830,163832],{"class":58,"line":122},[56,163825,31],{"class":62},[56,163827,1383],{"class":65},[56,163829,69],{"class":62},[56,163831,163805],{"class":65},[56,163833,1390],{"class":76},[56,163835,163836,163838,163840,163842],{"class":58,"line":128},[56,163837,90],{"class":72},[56,163839,77],{"class":76},[56,163841,1399],{"class":95},[56,163843,99],{"class":76},[20,163845,163846],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[353,163848,163850],{"id":163849},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163852,163853],{},"This is correct:",[47,163855,163857],{"className":49,"code":163856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163858,163859,163883,163899,163903,163927],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163860,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871,163873,163875,163877,163879,163881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163862,5534],{"class":65},[56,163864,1217],{"class":827},[56,163866,1220],{"class":76},[56,163868,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163870,13414],{"class":1020},[56,163872,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163874,306],{"class":76},[56,163876,1231],{"class":1016},[56,163878,36467],{"class":1020},[56,163880,1017],{"class":1016},[56,163882,427],{"class":76},[56,163884,163885,163887,163889,163891,163893,163895,163897],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163886,5603],{"class":65},[56,163888,1217],{"class":827},[56,163890,1220],{"class":76},[56,163892,14036],{"class":80},[56,163894,306],{"class":76},[56,163896,14041],{"class":80},[56,163898,427],{"class":76},[56,163900,163901],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163902,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,163904,163905,163907,163909,163911,163913,163915,163917,163919,163921,163923,163925],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,163906,31],{"class":62},[56,163908,36518],{"class":65},[56,163910,306],{"class":76},[56,163912,5645],{"class":65},[56,163914,69],{"class":62},[56,163916,161860],{"class":72},[56,163918,77],{"class":76},[56,163920,5578],{"class":95},[56,163922,306],{"class":76},[56,163924,5650],{"class":95},[56,163926,84],{"class":76},[56,163928,163929,163931,163933,163935,163937,163939],{"class":58,"line":116},[56,163930,90],{"class":72},[56,163932,77],{"class":76},[56,163934,8201],{"class":95},[56,163936,306],{"class":76},[56,163938,131148],{"class":95},[56,163940,99],{"class":76},[20,163942,163943],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[47,163945,163947],{"className":49,"code":163946,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163948,163949,163969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163950,163951,163953,163955,163957,163959,163961,163963,163965,163967],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163952,31],{"class":62},[56,163954,1383],{"class":65},[56,163956,69],{"class":62},[56,163958,161860],{"class":72},[56,163960,77],{"class":76},[56,163962,5578],{"class":95},[56,163964,306],{"class":76},[56,163966,5650],{"class":95},[56,163968,84],{"class":76},[56,163970,163971,163973,163975,163977],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,163972,90],{"class":72},[56,163974,77],{"class":76},[56,163976,1399],{"class":95},[56,163978,99],{"class":76},[20,163980,239],{},[47,163982,163984],{"className":49,"code":163983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163985,163986,164002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163987,163988,163990,163992,163994,163996,163998,164000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163989,77],{"class":76},[56,163991,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163993,13414],{"class":1020},[56,163995,3844],{"class":1016},[56,163997,306],{"class":76},[56,163999,20433],{"class":80},[56,164001,99],{"class":76},[56,164003,164004,164006,164008,164010,164012,164014,164016],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,164005,77],{"class":76},[56,164007,3844],{"class":1016},[56,164009,36467],{"class":1020},[56,164011,3844],{"class":1016},[56,164013,306],{"class":76},[56,164015,14041],{"class":80},[56,164017,99],{"class":76},[20,164019,164020],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[353,164022,958,164024,164026,164027],{"id":164023},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,164025,64818],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,164028,1410],{},[20,164030,2638,164031,164033],{},[15,164032,64818],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,164035,2638,164036,164038],{},[15,164037,1410],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[47,164040,164041],{"className":49,"code":36444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,164042,164043,164075,164079,164099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,164044,164045,164047,164049,164051,164053,164055,164057,164059,164061,164063,164065,164067,164069,164071,164073],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,164046,5534],{"class":65},[56,164048,1217],{"class":827},[56,164050,1220],{"class":76},[56,164052,1017],{"class":1016},[56,164054,13414],{"class":1020},[56,164056,1017],{"class":1016},[56,164058,306],{"class":76},[56,164060,1231],{"class":1016},[56,164062,36467],{"class":1020},[56,164064,1017],{"class":1016},[56,164066,306],{"class":76},[56,164068,1231],{"class":1016},[56,164070,36476],{"class":1020},[56,164072,1017],{"class":1016},[56,164074,427],{"class":76},[56,164076,164077],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,164078,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[56,164080,164081,164083,164085,164087,164089,164091,164093,164095,164097],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,164082,31],{"class":62},[56,164084,1459],{"class":65},[56,164086,306],{"class":76},[56,164088,36495],{"class":65},[56,164090,69],{"class":62},[56,164092,1468],{"class":72},[56,164094,77],{"class":76},[56,164096,5578],{"class":95},[56,164098,84],{"class":76},[56,164100,164101,164103,164105,164107,164109,164111],{"class":58,"line":109},[56,164102,90],{"class":72},[56,164104,77],{"class":76},[56,164106,1483],{"class":95},[56,164108,306],{"class":76},[56,164110,36518],{"class":95},[56,164112,99],{"class":76},[20,164114,164115,164116,156],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[264,164117,13,164118,2430],{"href":1407},[15,164119,1410],{},[42,164121,2343],{"id":2342},[353,164123,5682,164125,5685],{"id":164124},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164126,64818],{},[20,164128,164129],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[353,164131,2347,164133,164135],{"id":164132},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164134,64818],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164137,164138],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[353,164140,164142,164143,2363],{"id":164141},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164144,64818],{},[20,164146,164147,164148,156],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164149,162755],{},[353,164151,164153,164154,2363],{"id":164152},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164155,64818],{},[20,164157,128513,164158,164160],{},[15,164159,162908],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[353,164162,164164],{"id":164163},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164166,164167],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[42,164169,2417],{"id":2416},[173,164171,164172,164177,164183,164187,164191],{},[176,164173,164174],{},[264,164175,164176],{"href":163695},"How to use zip in Python",[176,164178,164179],{},[264,164180,13,164181,2430],{"href":1407},[15,164182,1410],{},[176,164184,164185],{},[264,164186,5755],{"href":6125},[176,164188,164189],{},[264,164190,70185],{"href":70108},[176,164192,164193],{},[264,164194,32791],{"href":31616},[2451,164196,164197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":164199},[164200,164201,164203,164204,164205,164206,164214,164220,164229,164240],{"id":44,"depth":87,"text":45},{"id":161919,"depth":87,"text":164202},"What zip() does",{"id":2701,"depth":87,"text":2702},{"id":162312,"depth":87,"text":162313},{"id":162489,"depth":87,"text":162490},{"id":162741,"depth":87,"text":164207,"children":164208},"Converting zip() output",[164209,164211,164213],{"id":162752,"depth":102,"text":164210},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162905,"depth":102,"text":164212},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163075,"depth":102,"text":163076},{"id":41555,"depth":87,"text":41556,"children":164215},[164216,164217,164218,164219],{"id":163237,"depth":102,"text":163238},{"id":163354,"depth":102,"text":163355},{"id":163455,"depth":102,"text":163456},{"id":163566,"depth":102,"text":163567},{"id":163699,"depth":87,"text":164221,"children":164222},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164223,164225,164226,164227],{"id":163705,"depth":102,"text":164224},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163746,"depth":102,"text":163747},{"id":163849,"depth":102,"text":163850},{"id":164023,"depth":102,"text":164228},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":164230},[164231,164233,164235,164237,164239],{"id":164124,"depth":102,"text":164232},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164132,"depth":102,"text":164234},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164141,"depth":102,"text":164236},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164152,"depth":102,"text":164238},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164163,"depth":102,"text":164164},{"id":2416,"depth":87,"text":2417},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161761,"description":164241},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944899209]