[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163659},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained":3,"nav-reference":1851},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1844,"extension":1845,"meta":1846,"navigation":237,"path":1847,"seo":1848,"stem":1849,"__hash__":1850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1817},"minimark",[9,23,32,52,69,74,151,160,164,167,188,191,263,266,318,321,369,371,412,426,433,442,459,461,498,500,530,536,548,551,626,628,661,666,671,688,690,742,744,777,780,789,795,800,817,819,867,869,921,924,942,947,951,965,967,1019,1021,1054,1060,1064,1072,1075,1101,1103,1169,1171,1189,1192,1225,1227,1258,1272,1282,1286,1289,1308,1311,1340,1343,1362,1369,1375,1378,1401,1403,1431,1435,1438,1464,1467,1581,1583,1662,1666,1674,1680,1690,1698,1702,1705,1707,1740,1742,1750,1757,1764,1771,1774,1778,1813],[10,11,13,14,18,19,22],"h1",{"id":12},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"range()"," vs ",[15,20,21],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[24,25,26,28,29,31],"p",{},[15,27,17],{}," and ",[15,30,21],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[33,34,35,45],"ul",{},[36,37,38,40,41],"li",{},[15,39,17],{}," creates a ",[42,43,44],"strong",{},"range object",[36,46,47,40,49],{},[15,48,21],{},[42,50,51],{},"real list",[24,53,54,55,58,59,62,63,65,66,68],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,56,57],{},"range(5)"," to behave exactly like ",[15,60,61],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,64,17],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,67,21],{}," when you actually need a list.",[70,71,73],"h2",{"id":72},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[75,76,81],"pre",{"className":77,"code":78,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n","python","",[15,82,83,111,130],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85,88,92,96,100,104,108],"span",{"class":86,"line":87},"line",1,[84,89,91],{"class":90},"su5hD","numbers ",[84,93,95],{"class":94},"smGrS","=",[84,97,99],{"class":98},"sptTA"," range",[84,101,103],{"class":102},"sP7_E","(",[84,105,107],{"class":106},"srdBf","5",[84,109,110],{"class":102},")\n",[84,112,114,117,119,123,126],{"class":86,"line":113},2,[84,115,116],{"class":98},"print",[84,118,103],{"class":102},[84,120,122],{"class":121},"slqww","numbers",[84,124,125],{"class":102},")",[84,127,129],{"class":128},"sutJx","          # range(0, 5)\n",[84,131,133,135,137,141,143,145,148],{"class":86,"line":132},3,[84,134,116],{"class":98},[84,136,103],{"class":102},[84,138,140],{"class":139},"sZMiF","list",[84,142,103],{"class":102},[84,144,122],{"class":121},[84,146,147],{"class":102},"))",[84,149,150],{"class":128},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,152,153,154,156,157,159],{},"Use ",[15,155,17],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,158,21],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[70,161,163],{"id":162},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[24,165,166],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[33,168,169,177,182,185],{},[36,170,171,173,174,176],{},[15,172,17],{}," returns a ",[42,175,44],{},", not a list",[36,178,179,181],{},[15,180,21],{}," converts that range object into a list",[36,183,184],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[36,186,187],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[24,189,190],{},"Example:",[75,192,194],{"className":77,"code":193,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,195,196,211,233,239,251],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,197,198,201,203,205,207,209],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,199,200],{"class":90},"r ",[84,202,95],{"class":94},[84,204,99],{"class":98},[84,206,103],{"class":102},[84,208,107],{"class":106},[84,210,110],{"class":102},[84,212,213,216,218,221,223,226,228,230],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,214,215],{"class":90},"lst ",[84,217,95],{"class":94},[84,219,220],{"class":139}," list",[84,222,103],{"class":102},[84,224,225],{"class":98},"range",[84,227,103],{"class":102},[84,229,107],{"class":106},[84,231,232],{"class":102},"))\n",[84,234,235],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,236,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},true,"\n",[84,240,242,244,246,249],{"class":86,"line":241},4,[84,243,116],{"class":98},[84,245,103],{"class":102},[84,247,248],{"class":121},"r",[84,250,110],{"class":102},[84,252,254,256,258,261],{"class":86,"line":253},5,[84,255,116],{"class":98},[84,257,103],{"class":102},[84,259,260],{"class":121},"lst",[84,262,110],{"class":102},[24,264,265],{},"Output:",[75,267,269],{"className":77,"code":268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,270,271,288],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,272,273,275,277,280,283,286],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,274,225],{"class":98},[84,276,103],{"class":102},[84,278,279],{"class":106},"0",[84,281,282],{"class":102},",",[84,284,285],{"class":106}," 5",[84,287,110],{"class":102},[84,289,290,293,295,297,300,302,305,307,310,312,315],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,291,292],{"class":102},"[",[84,294,279],{"class":106},[84,296,282],{"class":102},[84,298,299],{"class":106}," 1",[84,301,282],{"class":102},[84,303,304],{"class":106}," 2",[84,306,282],{"class":102},[84,308,309],{"class":106}," 3",[84,311,282],{"class":102},[84,313,314],{"class":106}," 4",[84,316,317],{"class":102},"]\n",[24,319,320],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[75,322,324],{"className":77,"code":323,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,325,326,346],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,327,328,330,332,335,337,339,341,343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,329,116],{"class":98},[84,331,103],{"class":102},[84,333,334],{"class":139},"type",[84,336,103],{"class":102},[84,338,225],{"class":98},[84,340,103],{"class":102},[84,342,107],{"class":106},[84,344,345],{"class":102},")))\n",[84,347,348,350,352,354,356,358,360,362,364,366],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,349,116],{"class":98},[84,351,103],{"class":102},[84,353,334],{"class":139},[84,355,103],{"class":102},[84,357,140],{"class":139},[84,359,103],{"class":102},[84,361,225],{"class":98},[84,363,103],{"class":102},[84,365,107],{"class":106},[84,367,368],{"class":102},"))))\n",[24,370,265],{},[75,372,374],{"className":77,"code":373,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,375,376,398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,377,378,381,385,389,392,395],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,379,380],{"class":94},"\u003C",[84,382,384],{"class":383},"sbsja","class",[84,386,388],{"class":387},"sjJ54"," '",[84,390,225],{"class":391},"s_sjI",[84,393,394],{"class":387},"'",[84,396,397],{"class":94},">\n",[84,399,400,402,404,406,408,410],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,401,380],{"class":94},[84,403,384],{"class":383},[84,405,388],{"class":387},[84,407,140],{"class":391},[84,409,394],{"class":387},[84,411,397],{"class":94},[24,413,414,415,417,418,425],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,416,17],{}," works, see ",[419,420,13,422,424],"a",{"href":421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",[15,423,17],{}," function explained",".",[70,427,429,430,432],{"id":428},"what-range-gives-you","What ",[15,431,17],{}," gives you",[24,434,435,437,438,441],{},[15,436,17],{}," is most often used in ",[15,439,440],{},"for"," loops.",[33,443,444,447,450,453],{},[36,445,446],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[36,448,449],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[36,451,452],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[36,454,455,456],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,457,458],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[24,460,190],{},[75,462,464],{"className":77,"code":463,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,465,466,486],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,467,468,471,474,477,479,481,483],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,469,440],{"class":470},"sVHd0",[84,472,473],{"class":90}," i ",[84,475,476],{"class":470},"in",[84,478,99],{"class":98},[84,480,103],{"class":102},[84,482,107],{"class":106},[84,484,485],{"class":102},"):\n",[84,487,488,491,493,496],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,489,490],{"class":98},"    print",[84,492,103],{"class":102},[84,494,495],{"class":121},"i",[84,497,110],{"class":102},[24,499,265],{},[75,501,503],{"className":77,"code":502,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,504,505,510,515,520,525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,506,507],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,508,509],{"class":106},"0\n",[84,511,512],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,513,514],{"class":106},"1\n",[84,516,517],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,518,519],{"class":106},"2\n",[84,521,522],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,523,524],{"class":106},"3\n",[84,526,527],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,528,529],{"class":106},"4\n",[24,531,532,533,535],{},"Here, ",[15,534,57],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[24,537,538,539,541,542,425],{},"This is one reason ",[15,540,17],{}," is so common with ",[419,543,13,545,547],{"href":544},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,546,440],{}," loops",[24,549,550],{},"You can also inspect it:",[75,552,554],{"className":77,"code":553,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,555,556,580,584,594,609],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,557,558,560,562,564,566,569,571,574,576,578],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,559,200],{"class":90},[84,561,95],{"class":94},[84,563,99],{"class":98},[84,565,103],{"class":102},[84,567,568],{"class":106},"2",[84,570,282],{"class":102},[84,572,573],{"class":106}," 10",[84,575,282],{"class":102},[84,577,304],{"class":106},[84,579,110],{"class":102},[84,581,582],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,583,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,585,586,588,590,592],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,587,116],{"class":98},[84,589,103],{"class":102},[84,591,248],{"class":121},[84,593,110],{"class":102},[84,595,596,598,600,603,605,607],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,597,116],{"class":98},[84,599,103],{"class":102},[84,601,602],{"class":98},"len",[84,604,103],{"class":102},[84,606,248],{"class":121},[84,608,232],{"class":102},[84,610,611,613,615,618,621,624],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,612,116],{"class":98},[84,614,103],{"class":102},[84,616,617],{"class":106},"6",[84,619,620],{"class":470}," in",[84,622,623],{"class":121}," r",[84,625,110],{"class":102},[24,627,265],{},[75,629,631],{"className":77,"code":630,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,632,633,651,655],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,634,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,636,225],{"class":98},[84,638,103],{"class":102},[84,640,568],{"class":106},[84,642,282],{"class":102},[84,644,573],{"class":106},[84,646,282],{"class":102},[84,648,304],{"class":106},[84,650,110],{"class":102},[84,652,653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,654,529],{"class":106},[84,656,657],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,658,660],{"class":659},"s39Yj","True\n",[70,662,429,664,432],{"id":663},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,665,21],{},[24,667,668,670],{},[15,669,21],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[33,672,673,676,679,682],{},[36,674,675],{},"It creates all values at once",[36,677,678],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[36,680,681],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[36,683,684,685,687],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,686,17],{}," for very large sequences",[24,689,190],{},[75,691,693],{"className":77,"code":692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,694,695,713,717,727],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,696,697,699,701,703,705,707,709,711],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,698,91],{"class":90},[84,700,95],{"class":94},[84,702,220],{"class":139},[84,704,103],{"class":102},[84,706,225],{"class":98},[84,708,103],{"class":102},[84,710,107],{"class":106},[84,712,232],{"class":102},[84,714,715],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,716,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,718,719,721,723,725],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,720,116],{"class":98},[84,722,103],{"class":102},[84,724,122],{"class":121},[84,726,110],{"class":102},[84,728,729,731,733,735,737,739],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,730,116],{"class":98},[84,732,103],{"class":102},[84,734,122],{"class":121},[84,736,292],{"class":102},[84,738,568],{"class":106},[84,740,741],{"class":102},"])\n",[24,743,265],{},[75,745,747],{"className":77,"code":746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,748,749,773],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,750,751,753,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769,771],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,752,292],{"class":102},[84,754,279],{"class":106},[84,756,282],{"class":102},[84,758,299],{"class":106},[84,760,282],{"class":102},[84,762,304],{"class":106},[84,764,282],{"class":102},[84,766,309],{"class":106},[84,768,282],{"class":102},[84,770,314],{"class":106},[84,772,317],{"class":102},[84,774,775],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,776,519],{"class":106},[24,778,779],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[24,781,782,783,425],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[419,784,13,786,424],{"href":785},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",[15,787,788],{},"list()",[70,790,792,793],{"id":791},"when-to-use-range","When to use ",[15,794,17],{},[24,796,153,797,799],{},[15,798,17],{}," when:",[33,801,802,808,811,814],{},[36,803,804,805,807],{},"You are writing a ",[15,806,440],{}," loop",[36,809,810],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[36,812,813],{},"You are working with large sequences",[36,815,816],{},"You do not need a real list",[24,818,190],{},[75,820,822],{"className":77,"code":821,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,823,824,846],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,825,826,828,830,832,834,836,839,841,844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,827,440],{"class":470},[84,829,473],{"class":90},[84,831,476],{"class":470},[84,833,99],{"class":98},[84,835,103],{"class":102},[84,837,838],{"class":106},"1",[84,840,282],{"class":102},[84,842,843],{"class":106}," 6",[84,845,485],{"class":102},[84,847,848,850,852,855,858,860,862,865],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,849,490],{"class":98},[84,851,103],{"class":102},[84,853,854],{"class":387},"\"",[84,856,857],{"class":391},"Count:",[84,859,854],{"class":387},[84,861,282],{"class":102},[84,863,864],{"class":121}," i",[84,866,110],{"class":102},[24,868,265],{},[75,870,872],{"className":77,"code":871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,873,874,885,894,903,912],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,875,876,879,882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,877,878],{"class":90},"Count",[84,880,881],{"class":102},":",[84,883,884],{"class":106}," 1\n",[84,886,887,889,891],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,888,878],{"class":90},[84,890,881],{"class":102},[84,892,893],{"class":106}," 2\n",[84,895,896,898,900],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,897,878],{"class":90},[84,899,881],{"class":102},[84,901,902],{"class":106}," 3\n",[84,904,905,907,909],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,906,878],{"class":90},[84,908,881],{"class":102},[84,910,911],{"class":106}," 4\n",[84,913,914,916,918],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,915,878],{"class":90},[84,917,881],{"class":102},[84,919,920],{"class":106}," 5\n",[24,922,923],{},"This is the most common use.",[24,925,926,927,930,931,934,935,425],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,928,929],{},"enumerate()"," is often a better choice than ",[15,932,933],{},"range(len(...))",". See ",[419,936,938,939,941],{"href":937},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python","how to use ",[15,940,929],{}," in Python",[70,943,792,945],{"id":944},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,946,21],{},[24,948,153,949,799],{},[15,950,21],{},[33,952,953,956,959,962],{},[36,954,955],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[36,957,958],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[36,960,961],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[36,963,964],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[24,966,190],{},[75,968,970],{"className":77,"code":969,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,971,972,990,1005,1009],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,973,974,976,978,980,982,984,986,988],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,975,91],{"class":90},[84,977,95],{"class":94},[84,979,220],{"class":139},[84,981,103],{"class":102},[84,983,225],{"class":98},[84,985,103],{"class":102},[84,987,107],{"class":106},[84,989,232],{"class":102},[84,991,992,994,996,999,1001,1003],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,993,122],{"class":90},[84,995,425],{"class":102},[84,997,998],{"class":121},"append",[84,1000,103],{"class":102},[84,1002,107],{"class":106},[84,1004,110],{"class":102},[84,1006,1007],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,1008,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,1010,1011,1013,1015,1017],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,1012,116],{"class":98},[84,1014,103],{"class":102},[84,1016,122],{"class":121},[84,1018,110],{"class":102},[24,1020,265],{},[75,1022,1024],{"className":77,"code":1023,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,1025,1026],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1027,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1029,292],{"class":102},[84,1031,279],{"class":106},[84,1033,282],{"class":102},[84,1035,299],{"class":106},[84,1037,282],{"class":102},[84,1039,304],{"class":106},[84,1041,282],{"class":102},[84,1043,309],{"class":106},[84,1045,282],{"class":102},[84,1047,314],{"class":106},[84,1049,282],{"class":102},[84,1051,285],{"class":106},[84,1053,317],{"class":102},[24,1055,1056,1057,1059],{},"This works because ",[15,1058,122],{}," is a list.",[70,1061,1063],{"id":1062},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[24,1065,1066,1068,1069,425],{},[15,1067,17],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[42,1070,1071],{},"not a list",[24,1073,1074],{},"That means:",[33,1076,1077,1080,1086,1091,1094],{},[36,1078,1079],{},"You can loop over it",[36,1081,1082,1083],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,1084,1085],{},"len()",[36,1087,1088,1089],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,1090,476],{},[36,1092,1093],{},"You can index it",[36,1095,1096,1097,1100],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,1098,1099],{},"append()"," do not work on it",[24,1102,190],{},[75,1104,1106],{"className":77,"code":1105,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,1107,1108,1122,1126,1140,1154],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1109,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1111,200],{"class":90},[84,1113,95],{"class":94},[84,1115,99],{"class":98},[84,1117,103],{"class":102},[84,1119,107],{"class":106},[84,1121,110],{"class":102},[84,1123,1124],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1125,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,1127,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,1129,116],{"class":98},[84,1131,103],{"class":102},[84,1133,248],{"class":121},[84,1135,292],{"class":102},[84,1137,568],{"class":106},[84,1139,741],{"class":102},[84,1141,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,1143,116],{"class":98},[84,1145,103],{"class":102},[84,1147,602],{"class":98},[84,1149,103],{"class":102},[84,1151,248],{"class":121},[84,1153,232],{"class":102},[84,1155,1156,1158,1160,1163,1165,1167],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,1157,116],{"class":98},[84,1159,103],{"class":102},[84,1161,1162],{"class":106},"3",[84,1164,620],{"class":470},[84,1166,623],{"class":121},[84,1168,110],{"class":102},[24,1170,265],{},[75,1172,1174],{"className":77,"code":1173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,1175,1176,1180,1185],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1177,1178],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1179,519],{"class":106},[84,1181,1182],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1183,1184],{"class":106},"5\n",[84,1186,1187],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,1188,660],{"class":659},[24,1190,1191],{},"Now compare that with this:",[75,1193,1195],{"className":77,"code":1194,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,1196,1197,1211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1198,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1200,200],{"class":90},[84,1202,95],{"class":94},[84,1204,99],{"class":98},[84,1206,103],{"class":102},[84,1208,107],{"class":106},[84,1210,110],{"class":102},[84,1212,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1214,248],{"class":90},[84,1216,425],{"class":102},[84,1218,998],{"class":121},[84,1220,103],{"class":102},[84,1222,107],{"class":106},[84,1224,110],{"class":102},[24,1226,265],{},[75,1228,1230],{"className":77,"code":1229,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,1231,1232],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1233,1234,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1248,1251,1253,1255],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1235,1236],{"class":139},"AttributeError",[84,1238,881],{"class":102},[84,1240,388],{"class":387},[84,1242,225],{"class":391},[84,1244,394],{"class":387},[84,1246,1247],{"class":139}," object",[84,1249,1250],{"class":90}," has no attribute ",[84,1252,394],{"class":387},[84,1254,998],{"class":391},[84,1256,1257],{"class":387},"'\n",[24,1259,1260,1261,1263,1264,1267,1268,1271],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,1262,1099],{},", ",[15,1265,1266],{},"remove()",", or ",[15,1269,1270],{},"sort()",", convert the range to a list first.",[24,1273,1274,1275,425],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[419,1276,1278,1279],{"href":1277},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix","how to fix ",[15,1280,1281],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[70,1283,1285],{"id":1284},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[24,1287,1288],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[75,1290,1292],{"className":77,"code":1291,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(range(5))\n",[15,1293,1294],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1295,1296,1298,1300,1302,1304,1306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1297,116],{"class":98},[84,1299,103],{"class":102},[84,1301,225],{"class":98},[84,1303,103],{"class":102},[84,1305,107],{"class":106},[84,1307,232],{"class":102},[24,1309,1310],{},"to show:",[75,1312,1314],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,1315,1316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1317,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1336,1338],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1319,292],{"class":102},[84,1321,279],{"class":106},[84,1323,282],{"class":102},[84,1325,299],{"class":106},[84,1327,282],{"class":102},[84,1329,304],{"class":106},[84,1331,282],{"class":102},[84,1333,309],{"class":106},[84,1335,282],{"class":102},[84,1337,314],{"class":106},[84,1339,317],{"class":102},[24,1341,1342],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[75,1344,1346],{"className":77,"code":1345,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,1347,1348],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1349,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1351,225],{"class":98},[84,1353,103],{"class":102},[84,1355,279],{"class":106},[84,1357,282],{"class":102},[84,1359,285],{"class":106},[84,1361,110],{"class":102},[24,1363,1364,1365,1368],{},"This does ",[42,1366,1367],{},"not"," mean the code is wrong.",[24,1370,1371,1372,1374],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[42,1373,44],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[24,1376,1377],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[75,1379,1381],{"className":77,"code":1380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,1382,1383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1384,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1386,116],{"class":98},[84,1388,103],{"class":102},[84,1390,140],{"class":139},[84,1392,103],{"class":102},[84,1394,225],{"class":98},[84,1396,103],{"class":102},[84,1398,107],{"class":106},[84,1400,345],{"class":102},[24,1402,265],{},[75,1404,1405],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,1406,1407],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1408,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1410,292],{"class":102},[84,1412,279],{"class":106},[84,1414,282],{"class":102},[84,1416,299],{"class":106},[84,1418,282],{"class":102},[84,1420,304],{"class":106},[84,1422,282],{"class":102},[84,1424,309],{"class":106},[84,1426,282],{"class":102},[84,1428,314],{"class":106},[84,1430,317],{"class":102},[70,1432,1434],{"id":1433},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[24,1436,1437],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[33,1439,1440,1447,1450,1456],{},[36,1441,1442,1443,1446],{},"Using ",[15,1444,1445],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[36,1448,1449],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[36,1451,1452,1453,1455],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,1454,17],{}," is iterable but not a list",[36,1457,1442,1458,1460,1461,1463],{},[15,1459,21],{}," when plain ",[15,1462,17],{}," would be simpler",[24,1465,1466],{},"These quick checks can help:",[75,1468,1470],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,1471,1472,1486,1504,1522,1544,1562],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1473,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1475,116],{"class":98},[84,1477,103],{"class":102},[84,1479,225],{"class":98},[84,1481,103],{"class":102},[84,1483,107],{"class":106},[84,1485,232],{"class":102},[84,1487,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1489,116],{"class":98},[84,1491,103],{"class":102},[84,1493,140],{"class":139},[84,1495,103],{"class":102},[84,1497,225],{"class":98},[84,1499,103],{"class":102},[84,1501,107],{"class":106},[84,1503,345],{"class":102},[84,1505,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,1507,116],{"class":98},[84,1509,103],{"class":102},[84,1511,334],{"class":139},[84,1513,103],{"class":102},[84,1515,225],{"class":98},[84,1517,103],{"class":102},[84,1519,107],{"class":106},[84,1521,345],{"class":102},[84,1523,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,1525,116],{"class":98},[84,1527,103],{"class":102},[84,1529,334],{"class":139},[84,1531,103],{"class":102},[84,1533,140],{"class":139},[84,1535,103],{"class":102},[84,1537,225],{"class":98},[84,1539,103],{"class":102},[84,1541,107],{"class":106},[84,1543,368],{"class":102},[84,1545,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,1547,116],{"class":98},[84,1549,103],{"class":102},[84,1551,1162],{"class":106},[84,1553,620],{"class":470},[84,1555,99],{"class":98},[84,1557,103],{"class":102},[84,1559,107],{"class":106},[84,1561,232],{"class":102},[84,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579],{"class":86,"line":1564},6,[84,1566,116],{"class":98},[84,1568,103],{"class":102},[84,1570,602],{"class":98},[84,1572,103],{"class":102},[84,1574,225],{"class":98},[84,1576,103],{"class":102},[84,1578,107],{"class":106},[84,1580,345],{"class":102},[24,1582,265],{},[75,1584,1586],{"className":77,"code":1585,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,1587,1588,1602,1626,1640,1654,1658],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1589,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1600],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1591,225],{"class":98},[84,1593,103],{"class":102},[84,1595,279],{"class":106},[84,1597,282],{"class":102},[84,1599,285],{"class":106},[84,1601,110],{"class":102},[84,1603,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1605,292],{"class":102},[84,1607,279],{"class":106},[84,1609,282],{"class":102},[84,1611,299],{"class":106},[84,1613,282],{"class":102},[84,1615,304],{"class":106},[84,1617,282],{"class":102},[84,1619,309],{"class":106},[84,1621,282],{"class":102},[84,1623,314],{"class":106},[84,1625,317],{"class":102},[84,1627,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,1629,380],{"class":94},[84,1631,384],{"class":383},[84,1633,388],{"class":387},[84,1635,225],{"class":391},[84,1637,394],{"class":387},[84,1639,397],{"class":94},[84,1641,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,1643,380],{"class":94},[84,1645,384],{"class":383},[84,1647,388],{"class":387},[84,1649,140],{"class":391},[84,1651,394],{"class":387},[84,1653,397],{"class":94},[84,1655,1656],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,1657,660],{"class":659},[84,1659,1660],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,1661,1184],{"class":106},[70,1663,1665],{"id":1664},"faq","FAQ",[1667,1668,1670,1671,1673],"h3",{"id":1669},"is-range-a-list-in-python","Is ",[15,1672,17],{}," a list in Python?",[24,1675,1676,1677,1679],{},"No. ",[15,1678,17],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1667,1681,1683,1684,1686,1687,1689],{"id":1682},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,1685,17],{}," instead of ",[15,1688,21],{},"?",[24,1691,1692,1694,1695,1697],{},[15,1693,17],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,1696,21],{}," creates a full list.",[1667,1699,1701],{"id":1700},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[24,1703,1704],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[24,1706,190],{},[75,1708,1710],{"className":77,"code":1709,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,1711,1712,1726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1713,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1715,200],{"class":90},[84,1717,95],{"class":94},[84,1719,99],{"class":98},[84,1721,103],{"class":102},[84,1723,107],{"class":106},[84,1725,110],{"class":102},[84,1727,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1729,116],{"class":98},[84,1731,103],{"class":102},[84,1733,248],{"class":121},[84,1735,292],{"class":102},[84,1737,838],{"class":106},[84,1739,741],{"class":102},[24,1741,265],{},[75,1743,1744],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,1745,1746],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1747,1748],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1749,514],{"class":106},[1667,1751,1753,1754,1756],{"id":1752},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers","Why does ",[15,1755,1445],{}," not show all numbers?",[24,1758,1759,1760,1763],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,1761,1762],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1667,1765,1767,1768,1770],{"id":1766},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,1769,17],{}," to a list?",[24,1772,1773],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[70,1775,1777],{"id":1776},"see-also","See also",[33,1779,1780,1786,1792,1799,1806],{},[36,1781,1782],{},[419,1783,13,1784,424],{"href":421},[15,1785,17],{},[36,1787,1788],{},[419,1789,13,1790,424],{"href":785},[15,1791,788],{},[36,1793,1794],{},[419,1795,13,1796,1798],{"href":544},[15,1797,440],{}," loops explained",[36,1800,1801],{},[419,1802,1803,1804,941],{"href":937},"How to use ",[15,1805,929],{},[36,1807,1808],{},[419,1809,1810,1811],{"href":1277},"How to fix ",[15,1812,1281],{},[1814,1815,1816],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":1818},[1819,1820,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1830,1831,1832,1843],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":162,"depth":113,"text":163},{"id":428,"depth":113,"text":1822},"What range() gives you",{"id":663,"depth":113,"text":1824},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":791,"depth":113,"text":1826},"When to use range()",{"id":944,"depth":113,"text":1828},"When to use list(range())",{"id":1062,"depth":113,"text":1063},{"id":1284,"depth":113,"text":1285},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":1833},[1834,1836,1838,1839,1841],{"id":1669,"depth":132,"text":1835},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":1682,"depth":132,"text":1837},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":1700,"depth":132,"text":1701},{"id":1752,"depth":132,"text":1840},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":1766,"depth":132,"text":1842},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":5,"description":1844},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",[1852,3445,5151,6847,8988,11189,12710,14886,17090,19550,21387,23949,26043,28325,30271,32182,34178,35616,37437,39960,42122,43350,44721,46367,48684,50528,52510,54202,55454,57148,58899,60868,62617,64715,66075,68026,69588,71579,73374,75274,77716,79794,82433,84462,86425,88613,90617,92923,94447,95892,97086,98264,100104,102544,104248,106263,107787,109032,110195,111577,113648,115545,117319,119185,121304,123044,124506,126100,128023,129700,131635,133124,135908,137485,139044,141072,143024,144487,145676,147562,148973,150669,152223,153645,155048,156946,159340,161171],{"id":1853,"title":1854,"body":1855,"description":3439,"extension":1845,"meta":3440,"navigation":237,"path":3441,"seo":3442,"stem":3443,"__hash__":3444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1856,"toc":3411},[1857,1860,1867,1870,1881,1884,1888,1951,1953,1973,1978,1982,1987,1989,2004,2007,2032,2035,2039,2042,2058,2061,2086,2088,2148,2150,2165,2175,2186,2190,2193,2247,2249,2269,2272,2296,2303,2307,2312,2318,2320,2357,2359,2368,2374,2392,2395,2407,2411,2416,2420,2423,2444,2446,2503,2505,2513,2516,2520,2552,2554,2562,2565,2569,2574,2622,2624,2632,2636,2696,2698,2706,2709,2711,2715,2718,2741,2750,2766,2816,2818,2832,2843,2847,2850,2879,2886,2890,2895,2936,2938,2949,2952,2995,2997,3005,3009,3014,3036,3038,3047,3056,3060,3065,3087,3089,3159,3161,3208,3211,3214,3217,3298,3300,3331,3333,3337,3340,3344,3347,3351,3354,3358,3370,3374,3377,3379,3408],[10,1858,1854],{"id":1859},"python-abs-function-explained",[24,1861,1862,1863,1866],{},"The ",[15,1864,1865],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[24,1868,1869],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[33,1871,1872,1875,1878],{},[36,1873,1874],{},"a number without its negative sign",[36,1876,1877],{},"the distance between two numbers",[36,1879,1880],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[24,1882,1883],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[70,1885,1887],{"id":1886},"quick-example","Quick example",[75,1889,1891],{"className":77,"code":1890,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1892,1893,1912,1927],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1894,1895,1897,1899,1902,1904,1907,1910],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1896,116],{"class":98},[84,1898,103],{"class":102},[84,1900,1901],{"class":98},"abs",[84,1903,103],{"class":102},[84,1905,1906],{"class":94},"-",[84,1908,1909],{"class":106},"7",[84,1911,232],{"class":102},[84,1913,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1925],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1915,116],{"class":98},[84,1917,103],{"class":102},[84,1919,1901],{"class":98},[84,1921,103],{"class":102},[84,1923,1924],{"class":106},"3.5",[84,1926,232],{"class":102},[84,1928,1929,1931,1933,1935,1937,1939,1941,1944,1946,1949],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,1930,116],{"class":98},[84,1932,103],{"class":102},[84,1934,1901],{"class":98},[84,1936,103],{"class":102},[84,1938,1906],{"class":94},[84,1940,568],{"class":106},[84,1942,1943],{"class":94},"+",[84,1945,1162],{"class":106},[84,1947,1948],{"class":383},"j",[84,1950,232],{"class":102},[24,1952,265],{},[75,1954,1956],{"className":77,"code":1955,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1957,1958,1963,1968],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1959,1960],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1961,1962],{"class":106},"7\n",[84,1964,1965],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,1966,1967],{"class":106},"3.5\n",[84,1969,1970],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,1971,1972],{"class":106},"3.605551275463989\n",[24,1974,153,1975,1977],{},[15,1976,1865],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[70,1979,1981],{"id":1980},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[24,1983,1984,1986],{},[15,1985,1865],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[24,1988,1074],{},[33,1990,1991,1994,1997],{},[36,1992,1993],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[36,1995,1996],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[36,1998,1999,2001,2002],{},[15,2000,279],{}," stays ",[15,2003,279],{},[24,2005,2006],{},"Examples:",[33,2008,2009,2017,2025],{},[36,2010,2011,2014,2015],{},[15,2012,2013],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2016,107],{},[36,2018,2019,2014,2022],{},[15,2020,2021],{},"abs(9)",[15,2023,2024],{},"9",[36,2026,2027,2014,2030],{},[15,2028,2029],{},"abs(0)",[15,2031,279],{},[24,2033,2034],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[70,2036,2038],{"id":2037},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[24,2040,2041],{},"The syntax is:",[75,2043,2045],{"className":77,"code":2044,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"abs(x)\n",[15,2046,2047],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2048,2049,2051,2053,2056],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2050,1901],{"class":98},[84,2052,103],{"class":102},[84,2054,2055],{"class":121},"x",[84,2057,110],{"class":102},[24,2059,2060],{},"Here:",[33,2062,2063,2078,2083],{},[36,2064,2065,2067,2068,1263,2071,1267,2074,2077],{},[15,2066,2055],{}," is usually an ",[15,2069,2070],{},"int",[15,2072,2073],{},"float",[15,2075,2076],{},"complex"," number",[36,2079,2080,2082],{},[15,2081,1865],{}," returns a new value",[36,2084,2085],{},"it does not change the original variable",[24,2087,190],{},[75,2089,2091],{"className":77,"code":2090,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2092,2093,2106,2123,2127,2137],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2094,2095,2098,2100,2103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2096,2097],{"class":90},"number ",[84,2099,95],{"class":94},[84,2101,2102],{"class":94}," -",[84,2104,2105],{"class":106},"12\n",[84,2107,2108,2111,2113,2116,2118,2121],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2109,2110],{"class":90},"result ",[84,2112,95],{"class":94},[84,2114,2115],{"class":98}," abs",[84,2117,103],{"class":102},[84,2119,2120],{"class":121},"number",[84,2122,110],{"class":102},[84,2124,2125],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2126,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,2128,2129,2131,2133,2135],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,2130,116],{"class":98},[84,2132,103],{"class":102},[84,2134,2120],{"class":121},[84,2136,110],{"class":102},[84,2138,2139,2141,2143,2146],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,2140,116],{"class":98},[84,2142,103],{"class":102},[84,2144,2145],{"class":121},"result",[84,2147,110],{"class":102},[24,2149,265],{},[75,2151,2153],{"className":77,"code":2152,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-12\n12\n",[15,2154,2155,2161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2156,2157,2159],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2158,1906],{"class":94},[84,2160,2105],{"class":106},[84,2162,2163],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2164,2105],{"class":106},[24,2166,2167,2168,2170,2171,2174],{},"Notice that ",[15,2169,2120],{}," is still ",[15,2172,2173],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[24,2176,2177,2178,2185],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[419,2179,2181,2184],{"href":2180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2182,2183],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[70,2187,2189],{"id":2188},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[24,2191,2192],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[75,2194,2196],{"className":77,"code":2195,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2197,2198,2215,2230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2199,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210,2213],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2201,116],{"class":98},[84,2203,103],{"class":102},[84,2205,1901],{"class":98},[84,2207,103],{"class":102},[84,2209,1906],{"class":94},[84,2211,2212],{"class":106},"10",[84,2214,232],{"class":102},[84,2216,2217,2219,2221,2223,2225,2228],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2218,116],{"class":98},[84,2220,103],{"class":102},[84,2222,1901],{"class":98},[84,2224,103],{"class":102},[84,2226,2227],{"class":106},"8",[84,2229,232],{"class":102},[84,2231,2232,2234,2236,2238,2240,2242,2245],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2233,116],{"class":98},[84,2235,103],{"class":102},[84,2237,1901],{"class":98},[84,2239,103],{"class":102},[84,2241,1906],{"class":94},[84,2243,2244],{"class":106},"4.2",[84,2246,232],{"class":102},[24,2248,265],{},[75,2250,2252],{"className":77,"code":2251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2253,2254,2259,2264],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2255,2256],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2257,2258],{"class":106},"10\n",[84,2260,2261],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2262,2263],{"class":106},"8\n",[84,2265,2266],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2267,2268],{"class":106},"4.2\n",[24,2270,2271],{},"What each line does:",[33,2273,2274,2282,2289],{},[36,2275,2276,2279,2280],{},[15,2277,2278],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2281,2212],{},[36,2283,2284,2279,2287],{},[15,2285,2286],{},"abs(8)",[15,2288,2227],{},[36,2290,2291,2279,2294],{},[15,2292,2293],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2295,2244],{},[24,2297,2298,2299,425],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[419,2300,2302],{"href":2301},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[70,2304,2306],{"id":2305},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[24,2308,2309,2311],{},[15,2310,1865],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[24,2313,2314,2315,2317],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2316,279],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[24,2319,190],{},[75,2321,2323],{"className":77,"code":2322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2324,2325,2342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2326,2327,2330,2332,2334,2337,2339],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2328,2329],{"class":90},"value ",[84,2331,95],{"class":94},[84,2333,309],{"class":106},[84,2335,2336],{"class":94}," +",[84,2338,314],{"class":106},[84,2340,2341],{"class":383},"j\n",[84,2343,2344,2346,2348,2350,2352,2355],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2345,116],{"class":98},[84,2347,103],{"class":102},[84,2349,1901],{"class":98},[84,2351,103],{"class":102},[84,2353,2354],{"class":121},"value",[84,2356,232],{"class":102},[24,2358,265],{},[75,2360,2362],{"className":77,"code":2361,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.0\n",[15,2363,2364],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2365,2366],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2367,2361],{"class":106},[24,2369,2370,2371,1689],{},"Why ",[15,2372,2373],{},"5.0",[33,2375,2376,2381,2387],{},[36,2377,2378,2379],{},"the real part is ",[15,2380,1162],{},[36,2382,2383,2384],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2385,2386],{},"4",[36,2388,2389,2390],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2391,2373],{},[24,2393,2394],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[33,2396,2397,2404],{},[36,2398,2399,2401,2402],{},[15,2400,1865],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2403,2073],{},[36,2405,2406],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[70,2408,2410],{"id":2409},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[24,2412,2413,2414,425],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2415,1865],{},[1667,2417,2419],{"id":2418},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[24,2421,2422],{},"A very common pattern is:",[75,2424,2426],{"className":77,"code":2425,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2427,2428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2429,2430,2432,2434,2437,2439,2442],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2431,1901],{"class":98},[84,2433,103],{"class":102},[84,2435,2436],{"class":121},"a ",[84,2438,1906],{"class":94},[84,2440,2441],{"class":121}," b",[84,2443,110],{"class":102},[24,2445,190],{},[75,2447,2449],{"className":77,"code":2448,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2450,2451,2459,2469,2473,2492],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2452,2453,2455,2457],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2454,2436],{"class":90},[84,2456,95],{"class":94},[84,2458,902],{"class":106},[84,2460,2461,2464,2466],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2462,2463],{"class":90},"b ",[84,2465,95],{"class":94},[84,2467,2468],{"class":106}," 10\n",[84,2470,2471],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2472,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,2474,2475,2478,2480,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,2476,2477],{"class":90},"distance ",[84,2479,95],{"class":94},[84,2481,2115],{"class":98},[84,2483,103],{"class":102},[84,2485,2436],{"class":121},[84,2487,1906],{"class":94},[84,2489,2441],{"class":121},[84,2491,110],{"class":102},[84,2493,2494,2496,2498,2501],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,2495,116],{"class":98},[84,2497,103],{"class":102},[84,2499,2500],{"class":121},"distance",[84,2502,110],{"class":102},[24,2504,265],{},[75,2506,2507],{"className":77,"code":1962,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,2508,2509],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2510,2511],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2512,1962],{"class":106},[24,2514,2515],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1667,2517,2519],{"id":2518},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[75,2521,2523],{"className":77,"code":2522,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2524,2525,2537],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2526,2527,2530,2532,2534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2528,2529],{"class":90},"temperature_change ",[84,2531,95],{"class":94},[84,2533,2102],{"class":94},[84,2535,2536],{"class":106},"6\n",[84,2538,2539,2541,2543,2545,2547,2550],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2540,116],{"class":98},[84,2542,103],{"class":102},[84,2544,1901],{"class":98},[84,2546,103],{"class":102},[84,2548,2549],{"class":121},"temperature_change",[84,2551,232],{"class":102},[24,2553,265],{},[75,2555,2556],{"className":77,"code":2536,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,2557,2558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2559,2560],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2561,2536],{"class":106},[24,2563,2564],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1667,2566,2568],{"id":2567},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[24,2570,2571,2572,2185],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2573,1865],{},[75,2575,2577],{"className":77,"code":2576,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2578,2579,2591,2607,2611],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2580,2581,2584,2586,2588],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2582,2583],{"class":90},"balance_change ",[84,2585,95],{"class":94},[84,2587,2102],{"class":94},[84,2589,2590],{"class":106},"25\n",[84,2592,2593,2596,2598,2600,2602,2605],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2594,2595],{"class":90},"safe_value ",[84,2597,95],{"class":94},[84,2599,2115],{"class":98},[84,2601,103],{"class":102},[84,2603,2604],{"class":121},"balance_change",[84,2606,110],{"class":102},[84,2608,2609],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2610,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,2612,2613,2615,2617,2620],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,2614,116],{"class":98},[84,2616,103],{"class":102},[84,2618,2619],{"class":121},"safe_value",[84,2621,110],{"class":102},[24,2623,265],{},[75,2625,2626],{"className":77,"code":2590,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,2627,2628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2629,2630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2631,2590],{"class":106},[1667,2633,2635],{"id":2634},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[75,2637,2639],{"className":77,"code":2638,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2640,2641,2651,2661,2665,2685],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2642,2643,2646,2648],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2644,2645],{"class":90},"guess ",[84,2647,95],{"class":94},[84,2649,2650],{"class":106}," 42\n",[84,2652,2653,2656,2658],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2654,2655],{"class":90},"target ",[84,2657,95],{"class":94},[84,2659,2660],{"class":106}," 50\n",[84,2662,2663],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2664,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,2666,2667,2670,2672,2674,2676,2678,2680,2683],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,2668,2669],{"class":90},"difference ",[84,2671,95],{"class":94},[84,2673,2115],{"class":98},[84,2675,103],{"class":102},[84,2677,2645],{"class":121},[84,2679,1906],{"class":94},[84,2681,2682],{"class":121}," target",[84,2684,110],{"class":102},[84,2686,2687,2689,2691,2694],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,2688,116],{"class":98},[84,2690,103],{"class":102},[84,2692,2693],{"class":121},"difference",[84,2695,110],{"class":102},[24,2697,265],{},[75,2699,2700],{"className":77,"code":2263,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,2701,2702],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2703,2704],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2705,2263],{"class":106},[24,2707,2708],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[70,2710,1434],{"id":1433},[1667,2712,2714],{"id":2713},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[24,2716,2717],{},"This causes an error:",[75,2719,2721],{"className":77,"code":2720,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2722,2723],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2724,2725,2727,2729,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2726,116],{"class":98},[84,2728,103],{"class":102},[84,2730,1901],{"class":98},[84,2732,103],{"class":102},[84,2734,854],{"class":387},[84,2736,107],{"class":391},[84,2738,854],{"class":387},[84,2740,232],{"class":102},[24,2742,2743,2746,2747,2749],{},[15,2744,2745],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2748,1865],{}," needs a numeric value.",[24,2751,2752,2753,2759,2760,881],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[419,2754,2756],{"href":2755},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2757,2758],{},"int()"," or ",[419,2761,2763],{"href":2762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2764,2765],{},"float()",[75,2767,2769],{"className":77,"code":2768,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2770,2771,2793],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2772,2773,2775,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2774,116],{"class":98},[84,2776,103],{"class":102},[84,2778,1901],{"class":98},[84,2780,103],{"class":102},[84,2782,2070],{"class":139},[84,2784,103],{"class":102},[84,2786,854],{"class":387},[84,2788,107],{"class":391},[84,2790,854],{"class":387},[84,2792,345],{"class":102},[84,2794,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2809,2812,2814],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2796,116],{"class":98},[84,2798,103],{"class":102},[84,2800,1901],{"class":98},[84,2802,103],{"class":102},[84,2804,2073],{"class":139},[84,2806,103],{"class":102},[84,2808,854],{"class":387},[84,2810,2811],{"class":391},"-3.2",[84,2813,854],{"class":387},[84,2815,345],{"class":102},[24,2817,265],{},[75,2819,2821],{"className":77,"code":2820,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2822,2823,2827],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2824,2825],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2826,1184],{"class":106},[84,2828,2829],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2830,2831],{"class":106},"3.2\n",[24,2833,2834,2835,2838,2839,425],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2836,2837],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[419,2840,2842],{"href":2841},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1667,2844,2846],{"id":2845},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[24,2848,2849],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[75,2851,2853],{"className":77,"code":2852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2854,2855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2856,2857,2859,2861,2863,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874,2876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2858,116],{"class":98},[84,2860,103],{"class":102},[84,2862,1901],{"class":98},[84,2864,2865],{"class":102},"([",[84,2867,838],{"class":106},[84,2869,282],{"class":102},[84,2871,304],{"class":106},[84,2873,282],{"class":102},[84,2875,309],{"class":106},[84,2877,2878],{"class":102},"]))\n",[24,2880,2881,2882,2885],{},"This raises a ",[15,2883,2884],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1667,2887,2889],{"id":2888},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[24,2891,2892,2894],{},[15,2893,1865],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[75,2896,2898],{"className":77,"code":2897,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2899,2900,2912,2922,2926],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2901,2902,2905,2907,2909],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2903,2904],{"class":90},"x ",[84,2906,95],{"class":94},[84,2908,2102],{"class":94},[84,2910,2911],{"class":106},"9\n",[84,2913,2914,2916,2918,2920],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2915,1901],{"class":98},[84,2917,103],{"class":102},[84,2919,2055],{"class":121},[84,2921,110],{"class":102},[84,2923,2924],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2925,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,2927,2928,2930,2932,2934],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,2929,116],{"class":98},[84,2931,103],{"class":102},[84,2933,2055],{"class":121},[84,2935,110],{"class":102},[24,2937,265],{},[75,2939,2941],{"className":77,"code":2940,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-9\n",[15,2942,2943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2944,2945,2947],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2946,1906],{"class":94},[84,2948,2911],{"class":106},[24,2950,2951],{},"If you want to store the result:",[75,2953,2955],{"className":77,"code":2954,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2956,2957,2967,2981,2985],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2958,2959,2961,2963,2965],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2960,2904],{"class":90},[84,2962,95],{"class":94},[84,2964,2102],{"class":94},[84,2966,2911],{"class":106},[84,2968,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977,2979],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,2970,2904],{"class":90},[84,2972,95],{"class":94},[84,2974,2115],{"class":98},[84,2976,103],{"class":102},[84,2978,2055],{"class":121},[84,2980,110],{"class":102},[84,2982,2983],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,2984,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,2986,2987,2989,2991,2993],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,2988,116],{"class":98},[84,2990,103],{"class":102},[84,2992,2055],{"class":121},[84,2994,110],{"class":102},[24,2996,265],{},[75,2998,2999],{"className":77,"code":2911,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3000,3001],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3002,3003],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3004,2911],{"class":106},[1667,3006,3008],{"id":3007},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[24,3010,3011,3013],{},[15,3012,1865],{}," does not round numbers.",[75,3015,3017],{"className":77,"code":3016,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3018,3019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3020,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031,3034],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3022,116],{"class":98},[84,3024,103],{"class":102},[84,3026,1901],{"class":98},[84,3028,103],{"class":102},[84,3030,1906],{"class":94},[84,3032,3033],{"class":106},"4.7",[84,3035,232],{"class":102},[24,3037,265],{},[75,3039,3041],{"className":77,"code":3040,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4.7\n",[15,3042,3043],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3044,3045],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3046,3040],{"class":106},[24,3048,3049,3050,3052,3053,3055],{},"If you expected ",[15,3051,107],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3054,1865],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[70,3057,3059],{"id":3058},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[24,3061,3062,3064],{},[15,3063,1865],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[33,3066,3067,3074,3081],{},[36,3068,3069,3071,3072],{},[15,3070,2070],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3073,2070],{},[36,3075,3076,3078,3079],{},[15,3077,2073],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3080,2073],{},[36,3082,3083,3078,3085],{},[15,3084,2076],{},[15,3086,2073],{},[24,3088,190],{},[75,3090,3092],{"className":77,"code":3091,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3093,3094,3114,3135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3095,3096,3098,3100,3102,3104,3106,3108,3110,3112],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3097,116],{"class":98},[84,3099,103],{"class":102},[84,3101,334],{"class":139},[84,3103,103],{"class":102},[84,3105,1901],{"class":98},[84,3107,103],{"class":102},[84,3109,1906],{"class":94},[84,3111,107],{"class":106},[84,3113,345],{"class":102},[84,3115,3116,3118,3120,3122,3124,3126,3128,3130,3133],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3117,116],{"class":98},[84,3119,103],{"class":102},[84,3121,334],{"class":139},[84,3123,103],{"class":102},[84,3125,1901],{"class":98},[84,3127,103],{"class":102},[84,3129,1906],{"class":94},[84,3131,3132],{"class":106},"3.2",[84,3134,345],{"class":102},[84,3136,3137,3139,3141,3143,3145,3147,3149,3151,3153,3155,3157],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,3138,116],{"class":98},[84,3140,103],{"class":102},[84,3142,334],{"class":139},[84,3144,103],{"class":102},[84,3146,1901],{"class":98},[84,3148,103],{"class":102},[84,3150,1162],{"class":106},[84,3152,2336],{"class":94},[84,3154,314],{"class":106},[84,3156,1948],{"class":383},[84,3158,345],{"class":102},[24,3160,265],{},[75,3162,3164],{"className":77,"code":3163,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3165,3166,3180,3194],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3167,3168,3170,3172,3174,3176,3178],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3169,380],{"class":94},[84,3171,384],{"class":383},[84,3173,388],{"class":387},[84,3175,2070],{"class":391},[84,3177,394],{"class":387},[84,3179,397],{"class":94},[84,3181,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3183,380],{"class":94},[84,3185,384],{"class":383},[84,3187,388],{"class":387},[84,3189,2073],{"class":391},[84,3191,394],{"class":387},[84,3193,397],{"class":94},[84,3195,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,3197,380],{"class":94},[84,3199,384],{"class":383},[84,3201,388],{"class":387},[84,3203,2073],{"class":391},[84,3205,394],{"class":387},[84,3207,397],{"class":94},[24,3209,3210],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[24,3212,3213],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[24,3215,3216],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[75,3218,3220],{"className":77,"code":3219,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3221,3222,3237,3247,3261,3265,3279],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3223,3224,3226,3228,3231,3234],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3225,2329],{"class":90},[84,3227,95],{"class":94},[84,3229,3230],{"class":387}," \"",[84,3232,3233],{"class":391},"-5",[84,3235,3236],{"class":387},"\"\n",[84,3238,3239,3241,3243,3245],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3240,116],{"class":98},[84,3242,103],{"class":102},[84,3244,2354],{"class":121},[84,3246,110],{"class":102},[84,3248,3249,3251,3253,3255,3257,3259],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,3250,116],{"class":98},[84,3252,103],{"class":102},[84,3254,334],{"class":139},[84,3256,103],{"class":102},[84,3258,2354],{"class":121},[84,3260,232],{"class":102},[84,3262,3263],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,3264,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,3266,3267,3270,3272,3274,3277],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,3268,3269],{"class":90},"user_input ",[84,3271,95],{"class":94},[84,3273,3230],{"class":387},[84,3275,3276],{"class":391},"-3.7",[84,3278,3236],{"class":387},[84,3280,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291,3293,3296],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,3282,116],{"class":98},[84,3284,103],{"class":102},[84,3286,1901],{"class":98},[84,3288,103],{"class":102},[84,3290,2073],{"class":139},[84,3292,103],{"class":102},[84,3294,3295],{"class":121},"user_input",[84,3297,345],{"class":102},[24,3299,265],{},[75,3301,3303],{"className":77,"code":3302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3304,3305,3311,3326],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3306,3307,3309],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3308,1906],{"class":94},[84,3310,1184],{"class":106},[84,3312,3313,3315,3317,3319,3322,3324],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3314,380],{"class":94},[84,3316,384],{"class":383},[84,3318,388],{"class":387},[84,3320,3321],{"class":391},"str",[84,3323,394],{"class":387},[84,3325,397],{"class":94},[84,3327,3328],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,3329,3330],{"class":106},"3.7\n",[70,3332,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,3334,3336],{"id":3335},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[24,3338,3339],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1667,3341,3343],{"id":3342},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[24,3345,3346],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1667,3348,3350],{"id":3349},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[24,3352,3353],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1667,3355,3357],{"id":3356},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[24,3359,3360,3362,3363,2759,3365,3367,3368,425],{},[15,3361,2837],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3364,2758],{},[15,3366,2765],{}," before using ",[15,3369,1865],{},[1667,3371,3373],{"id":3372},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[24,3375,3376],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[70,3378,1777],{"id":1776},[33,3380,3381,3387,3393,3399,3404],{},[36,3382,3383],{},[419,3384,3385,424],{"href":2755},[15,3386,2758],{},[36,3388,3389],{},[419,3390,3391,424],{"href":2762},[15,3392,2765],{},[36,3394,3395],{},[419,3396,3397,424],{"href":2180},[15,3398,2183],{},[36,3400,3401],{},[419,3402,3403],{"href":2841},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[36,3405,3406],{},[419,3407,2302],{"href":2301},[1814,3409,3410],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":3412},[3413,3414,3415,3416,3417,3418,3424,3430,3431,3438],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":1980,"depth":113,"text":1981},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":2188,"depth":113,"text":2189},{"id":2305,"depth":113,"text":2306},{"id":2409,"depth":113,"text":2410,"children":3419},[3420,3421,3422,3423],{"id":2418,"depth":132,"text":2419},{"id":2518,"depth":132,"text":2519},{"id":2567,"depth":132,"text":2568},{"id":2634,"depth":132,"text":2635},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":3425},[3426,3427,3428,3429],{"id":2713,"depth":132,"text":2714},{"id":2845,"depth":132,"text":2846},{"id":2888,"depth":132,"text":2889},{"id":3007,"depth":132,"text":3008},{"id":3058,"depth":113,"text":3059},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":3432},[3433,3434,3435,3436,3437],{"id":3335,"depth":132,"text":3336},{"id":3342,"depth":132,"text":3343},{"id":3349,"depth":132,"text":3350},{"id":3356,"depth":132,"text":3357},{"id":3372,"depth":132,"text":3373},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1854,"description":3439},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3446,"title":3447,"body":3448,"description":5145,"extension":1845,"meta":5146,"navigation":237,"path":5147,"seo":5148,"stem":5149,"__hash__":5150},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3449,"toc":5109},[3450,3457,3463,3466,3483,3485,3539,3549,3555,3559,3578,3581,3598,3601,3605,3613,3630,3633,3673,3676,3683,3689,3763,3765,3796,3802,3806,3810,3849,3851,3859,3866,3870,3909,3911,3920,3930,3934,3990,3992,4000,4003,4006,4053,4055,4063,4069,4076,4081,4084,4087,4154,4156,4164,4167,4234,4236,4244,4258,4261,4272,4276,4282,4285,4287,4303,4305,4313,4316,4319,4322,4339,4342,4345,4375,4377,4390,4394,4398,4401,4416,4421,4424,4451,4458,4461,4500,4505,4511,4519,4522,4574,4581,4646,4651,4660,4663,4681,4687,4690,4832,4837,4842,4845,4856,4859,4915,4917,4925,4928,4987,4989,4997,5000,5011,5013,5020,5029,5037,5040,5047,5050,5059,5072,5074,5106],[10,3451,13,3453,3456],{"id":3452},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3454,3455],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[24,3458,3459,3460,3462],{},"Python’s ",[15,3461,3455],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[24,3464,3465],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[33,3467,3468,3471,3474],{},[36,3469,3470],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[36,3472,3473],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[36,3475,3476,2279,3479,3482],{},[15,3477,3478],{},"all([])",[15,3480,3481],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[70,3484,73],{"id":72},[75,3486,3488],{"className":77,"code":3487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3489,3490,3511,3526],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3491,3492,3494,3496,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3493,91],{"class":90},[84,3495,95],{"class":94},[84,3497,3498],{"class":102}," [",[84,3500,838],{"class":106},[84,3502,282],{"class":102},[84,3504,304],{"class":106},[84,3506,282],{"class":102},[84,3508,309],{"class":106},[84,3510,317],{"class":102},[84,3512,3513,3515,3517,3520,3522,3524],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3514,2110],{"class":90},[84,3516,95],{"class":94},[84,3518,3519],{"class":98}," all",[84,3521,103],{"class":102},[84,3523,122],{"class":121},[84,3525,110],{"class":102},[84,3527,3528,3530,3532,3534,3536],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,3529,116],{"class":98},[84,3531,103],{"class":102},[84,3533,2145],{"class":121},[84,3535,125],{"class":102},[84,3537,3538],{"class":128},"  # True\n",[24,3540,3541,2279,3543,3545,3546,425],{},[15,3542,3455],{},[15,3544,3481],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3547,3548],{},"False",[70,3550,429,3552,3554],{"id":3551},"what-all-does",[15,3553,3455],{}," does",[24,3556,3557,881],{},[15,3558,3455],{},[33,3560,3561,3564,3570,3575],{},[36,3562,3563],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[36,3565,3566,3567,3569],{},"returns ",[15,3568,3481],{}," if all items are truthy",[36,3571,3566,3572,3574],{},[15,3573,3548],{}," if any item is falsy",[36,3576,3577],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[24,3579,3580],{},"Basic syntax:",[75,3582,3584],{"className":77,"code":3583,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3585,3586],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3587,3588,3591,3593,3596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3589,3590],{"class":98},"all",[84,3592,103],{"class":102},[84,3594,3595],{"class":121},"iterable",[84,3597,110],{"class":102},[24,3599,3600],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[70,3602,3604],{"id":3603},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[24,3606,3607,3608,2759,3610,3612],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3609,3481],{},[15,3611,3548],{}," in conditions.",[33,3614,3615,3623],{},[36,3616,3617,3620,3621],{},[42,3618,3619],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3622,3481],{},[36,3624,3625,3620,3628],{},[42,3626,3627],{},"Falsy",[15,3629,3548],{},[24,3631,3632],{},"Common falsy values include:",[33,3634,3635,3639,3644,3649,3654,3658,3663,3668],{},[36,3636,3637],{},[15,3638,279],{},[36,3640,3641],{},[15,3642,3643],{},"0.0",[36,3645,3646],{},[15,3647,3648],{},"''",[36,3650,3651],{},[15,3652,3653],{},"None",[36,3655,3656],{},[15,3657,3548],{},[36,3659,3660],{},[15,3661,3662],{},"[]",[36,3664,3665],{},[15,3666,3667],{},"{}",[36,3669,3670],{},[15,3671,3672],{},"set()",[24,3674,3675],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[24,3677,3678,3679,425],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[419,3680,3682],{"href":3681},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[24,3684,3685,3686,881],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3687,3688],{},"bool()",[75,3690,3692],{"className":77,"code":3691,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3693,3694,3731,3735],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3695,3696,3699,3701,3703,3705,3707,3710,3712,3715,3717,3719,3722,3724,3726,3729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3697,3698],{"class":90},"values ",[84,3700,95],{"class":94},[84,3702,3498],{"class":102},[84,3704,838],{"class":106},[84,3706,282],{"class":102},[84,3708,3709],{"class":106}," 0",[84,3711,282],{"class":102},[84,3713,3714],{"class":387}," ''",[84,3716,282],{"class":102},[84,3718,388],{"class":387},[84,3720,3721],{"class":391},"hello",[84,3723,394],{"class":387},[84,3725,282],{"class":102},[84,3727,3728],{"class":659}," None",[84,3730,317],{"class":102},[84,3732,3733],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3734,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,3736,3737,3739,3741,3744,3746,3748,3750,3753,3756,3758,3761],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,3738,116],{"class":98},[84,3740,2865],{"class":102},[84,3742,3743],{"class":139},"bool",[84,3745,103],{"class":102},[84,3747,2055],{"class":121},[84,3749,125],{"class":102},[84,3751,3752],{"class":470}," for",[84,3754,3755],{"class":121}," x ",[84,3757,476],{"class":470},[84,3759,3760],{"class":121}," values",[84,3762,741],{"class":102},[24,3764,265],{},[75,3766,3768],{"className":77,"code":3767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3769,3770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3771,3772,3774,3776,3778,3781,3783,3785,3787,3790,3792,3794],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3773,292],{"class":102},[84,3775,3481],{"class":659},[84,3777,282],{"class":102},[84,3779,3780],{"class":659}," False",[84,3782,282],{"class":102},[84,3784,3780],{"class":659},[84,3786,282],{"class":102},[84,3788,3789],{"class":659}," True",[84,3791,282],{"class":102},[84,3793,3780],{"class":659},[84,3795,317],{"class":102},[24,3797,3798,3799,3801],{},"This matters because ",[15,3800,3455],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[70,3803,3805],{"id":3804},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1667,3807,3809],{"id":3808},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[75,3811,3813],{"className":77,"code":3812,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3814,3815,3835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3816,3817,3819,3821,3823,3825,3827,3829,3831,3833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3818,91],{"class":90},[84,3820,95],{"class":94},[84,3822,3498],{"class":102},[84,3824,838],{"class":106},[84,3826,282],{"class":102},[84,3828,304],{"class":106},[84,3830,282],{"class":102},[84,3832,309],{"class":106},[84,3834,317],{"class":102},[84,3836,3837,3839,3841,3843,3845,3847],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3838,116],{"class":98},[84,3840,103],{"class":102},[84,3842,3590],{"class":98},[84,3844,103],{"class":102},[84,3846,122],{"class":121},[84,3848,232],{"class":102},[24,3850,265],{},[75,3852,3853],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3854,3855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3856,3857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3858,660],{"class":659},[24,3860,3861,3862,2279,3864,425],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3863,3455],{},[15,3865,3481],{},[1667,3867,3869],{"id":3868},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[75,3871,3873],{"className":77,"code":3872,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3874,3875,3895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3876,3877,3879,3881,3883,3885,3887,3889,3891,3893],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3878,91],{"class":90},[84,3880,95],{"class":94},[84,3882,3498],{"class":102},[84,3884,838],{"class":106},[84,3886,282],{"class":102},[84,3888,3709],{"class":106},[84,3890,282],{"class":102},[84,3892,309],{"class":106},[84,3894,317],{"class":102},[84,3896,3897,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3898,116],{"class":98},[84,3900,103],{"class":102},[84,3902,3590],{"class":98},[84,3904,103],{"class":102},[84,3906,122],{"class":121},[84,3908,232],{"class":102},[24,3910,265],{},[75,3912,3914],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\n",[15,3915,3916],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3917,3918],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3919,3913],{"class":659},[24,3921,3922,3923,3925,3926,2279,3928,425],{},"The value ",[15,3924,279],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3927,3455],{},[15,3929,3548],{},[1667,3931,3933],{"id":3932},"example-strings","Example: strings",[75,3935,3937],{"className":77,"code":3936,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3938,3939,3975],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3940,3941,3944,3946,3948,3950,3953,3955,3957,3959,3962,3964,3966,3968,3971,3973],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3942,3943],{"class":90},"words ",[84,3945,95],{"class":94},[84,3947,3498],{"class":102},[84,3949,394],{"class":387},[84,3951,3952],{"class":391},"apple",[84,3954,394],{"class":387},[84,3956,282],{"class":102},[84,3958,388],{"class":387},[84,3960,3961],{"class":391},"banana",[84,3963,394],{"class":387},[84,3965,282],{"class":102},[84,3967,388],{"class":387},[84,3969,3970],{"class":391},"cherry",[84,3972,394],{"class":387},[84,3974,317],{"class":102},[84,3976,3977,3979,3981,3983,3985,3988],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,3978,116],{"class":98},[84,3980,103],{"class":102},[84,3982,3590],{"class":98},[84,3984,103],{"class":102},[84,3986,3987],{"class":121},"words",[84,3989,232],{"class":102},[24,3991,265],{},[75,3993,3994],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3995,3996],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3997,3998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3999,660],{"class":659},[24,4001,4002],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[24,4004,4005],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[75,4007,4009],{"className":77,"code":4008,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4010,4011,4039],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4012,4013,4015,4017,4019,4021,4023,4025,4027,4029,4031,4033,4035,4037],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4014,3943],{"class":90},[84,4016,95],{"class":94},[84,4018,3498],{"class":102},[84,4020,394],{"class":387},[84,4022,3952],{"class":391},[84,4024,394],{"class":387},[84,4026,282],{"class":102},[84,4028,3714],{"class":387},[84,4030,282],{"class":102},[84,4032,388],{"class":387},[84,4034,3970],{"class":391},[84,4036,394],{"class":387},[84,4038,317],{"class":102},[84,4040,4041,4043,4045,4047,4049,4051],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4042,116],{"class":98},[84,4044,103],{"class":102},[84,4046,3590],{"class":98},[84,4048,103],{"class":102},[84,4050,3987],{"class":121},[84,4052,232],{"class":102},[24,4054,265],{},[75,4056,4057],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4058,4059],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4060,4061],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4062,3913],{"class":659},[24,4064,4065,4066,4068],{},"The empty string ",[15,4067,3648],{}," is falsy.",[70,4070,4072,4073,4075],{"id":4071},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4074,3455],{}," works with conditions",[24,4077,4078,4080],{},[15,4079,3455],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[24,4082,4083],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[24,4085,4086],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[75,4088,4090],{"className":77,"code":4089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4091,4092,4112,4140,4144],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4093,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104,4106,4108,4110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4095,91],{"class":90},[84,4097,95],{"class":94},[84,4099,3498],{"class":102},[84,4101,838],{"class":106},[84,4103,282],{"class":102},[84,4105,304],{"class":106},[84,4107,282],{"class":102},[84,4109,309],{"class":106},[84,4111,317],{"class":102},[84,4113,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4138],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4115,2110],{"class":90},[84,4117,95],{"class":94},[84,4119,3519],{"class":98},[84,4121,103],{"class":102},[84,4123,2904],{"class":121},[84,4125,4126],{"class":94},">",[84,4128,3709],{"class":106},[84,4130,3752],{"class":470},[84,4132,3755],{"class":121},[84,4134,476],{"class":470},[84,4136,4137],{"class":121}," numbers",[84,4139,110],{"class":102},[84,4141,4142],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,4143,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,4145,4146,4148,4150,4152],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,4147,116],{"class":98},[84,4149,103],{"class":102},[84,4151,2145],{"class":121},[84,4153,110],{"class":102},[24,4155,265],{},[75,4157,4158],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4159,4160],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4161,4162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4163,660],{"class":659},[24,4165,4166],{},"Here is one that fails:",[75,4168,4170],{"className":77,"code":4169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4171,4172,4194,4220,4224],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4173,4174,4176,4178,4180,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4175,91],{"class":90},[84,4177,95],{"class":94},[84,4179,3498],{"class":102},[84,4181,838],{"class":106},[84,4183,282],{"class":102},[84,4185,2102],{"class":94},[84,4187,568],{"class":106},[84,4189,282],{"class":102},[84,4191,309],{"class":106},[84,4193,317],{"class":102},[84,4195,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214,4216,4218],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4197,2110],{"class":90},[84,4199,95],{"class":94},[84,4201,3519],{"class":98},[84,4203,103],{"class":102},[84,4205,2904],{"class":121},[84,4207,4126],{"class":94},[84,4209,3709],{"class":106},[84,4211,3752],{"class":470},[84,4213,3755],{"class":121},[84,4215,476],{"class":470},[84,4217,4137],{"class":121},[84,4219,110],{"class":102},[84,4221,4222],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,4223,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,4225,4226,4228,4230,4232],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,4227,116],{"class":98},[84,4229,103],{"class":102},[84,4231,2145],{"class":121},[84,4233,110],{"class":102},[24,4235,265],{},[75,4237,4238],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4239,4240],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4241,4242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4243,3913],{"class":659},[24,4245,4246,4247,4250,4251,4253,4254,2279,4256,425],{},"The expression ",[15,4248,4249],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4252,3481],{},", then ",[15,4255,3455],{},[15,4257,3481],{},[24,4259,4260],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[24,4262,4263,4264,28,4268,425],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[419,4265,4267],{"href":4266},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[419,4269,4271],{"href":4270},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[70,4273,4275],{"id":4274},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[24,4277,4278,2279,4280,425],{},[15,4279,3478],{},[15,4281,3481],{},[24,4283,4284],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[24,4286,190],{},[75,4288,4290],{"className":77,"code":4289,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4291,4292],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4293,4294,4296,4298,4300],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4295,116],{"class":98},[84,4297,103],{"class":102},[84,4299,3590],{"class":98},[84,4301,4302],{"class":102},"([]))\n",[24,4304,265],{},[75,4306,4307],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4308,4309],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4310,4311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4312,660],{"class":659},[24,4314,4315],{},"Why?",[24,4317,4318],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[24,4320,4321],{},"Think of it this way:",[33,4323,4324,4331,4334],{},[36,4325,4326,2279,4328,4330],{},[15,4327,3455],{},[15,4329,3548],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[36,4332,4333],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[36,4335,4336,4337],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4338,3548],{},[24,4340,4341],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[24,4343,4344],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[75,4346,4348],{"className":77,"code":4347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4349,4350,4361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4351,4352,4354,4356,4358],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4353,116],{"class":98},[84,4355,103],{"class":102},[84,4357,3590],{"class":98},[84,4359,4360],{"class":102},"(()))\n",[84,4362,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4364,116],{"class":98},[84,4366,103],{"class":102},[84,4368,3590],{"class":98},[84,4370,103],{"class":102},[84,4372,3648],{"class":387},[84,4374,232],{"class":102},[24,4376,265],{},[75,4378,4380],{"className":77,"code":4379,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4381,4382,4386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4383,4384],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4385,660],{"class":659},[84,4387,4388],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4389,660],{"class":659},[70,4391,4393],{"id":4392},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1667,4395,4397],{"id":4396},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[24,4399,4400],{},"This is wrong:",[75,4402,4404],{"className":77,"code":4403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4405,4406,4411],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4407,4408],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4409,4410],{"class":128},"# Wrong\n",[84,4412,4413],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4414,4415],{"class":128},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[24,4417,4418,4420],{},[15,4419,3455],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[24,4422,4423],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[75,4425,4427],{"className":77,"code":4426,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4428,4429],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4430,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4432,116],{"class":98},[84,4434,103],{"class":102},[84,4436,3590],{"class":98},[84,4438,2865],{"class":102},[84,4440,838],{"class":106},[84,4442,282],{"class":102},[84,4444,304],{"class":106},[84,4446,282],{"class":102},[84,4448,309],{"class":106},[84,4450,2878],{"class":102},[1667,4452,4454,4455,4457],{"id":4453},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4456,3455],{}," compares values automatically",[24,4459,4460],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[75,4462,4464],{"className":77,"code":4463,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4465,4466,4486],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4467,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4469,91],{"class":90},[84,4471,95],{"class":94},[84,4473,3498],{"class":102},[84,4475,107],{"class":106},[84,4477,282],{"class":102},[84,4479,285],{"class":106},[84,4481,282],{"class":102},[84,4483,285],{"class":106},[84,4485,317],{"class":102},[84,4487,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4489,116],{"class":98},[84,4491,103],{"class":102},[84,4493,3590],{"class":98},[84,4495,103],{"class":102},[84,4497,122],{"class":121},[84,4499,232],{"class":102},[24,4501,1364,4502,4504],{},[42,4503,1367],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[24,4506,4507,4508,4510],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4509,107],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[75,4512,4513],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4514,4515],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4516,4517],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4518,660],{"class":659},[24,4520,4521],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[75,4523,4525],{"className":77,"code":4524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4526,4527,4547],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4528,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4530,91],{"class":90},[84,4532,95],{"class":94},[84,4534,3498],{"class":102},[84,4536,107],{"class":106},[84,4538,282],{"class":102},[84,4540,285],{"class":106},[84,4542,282],{"class":102},[84,4544,285],{"class":106},[84,4546,317],{"class":102},[84,4548,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4550,116],{"class":98},[84,4552,103],{"class":102},[84,4554,3590],{"class":98},[84,4556,103],{"class":102},[84,4558,2904],{"class":121},[84,4560,4561],{"class":94},"==",[84,4563,285],{"class":106},[84,4565,3752],{"class":470},[84,4567,3755],{"class":121},[84,4569,476],{"class":470},[84,4571,4137],{"class":121},[84,4573,232],{"class":102},[1667,4575,4577,4578,4580],{"id":4576},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4579,279],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[75,4582,4584],{"className":77,"code":4583,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4585,4586,4612],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4587,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4606,4609],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4589,116],{"class":98},[84,4591,103],{"class":102},[84,4593,3590],{"class":98},[84,4595,2865],{"class":102},[84,4597,838],{"class":106},[84,4599,282],{"class":102},[84,4601,304],{"class":106},[84,4603,282],{"class":102},[84,4605,3709],{"class":106},[84,4607,4608],{"class":102},"]))",[84,4610,4611],{"class":128},"       # False\n",[84,4613,4614,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4635,4637,4639,4641,4643],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4615,116],{"class":98},[84,4617,103],{"class":102},[84,4619,3590],{"class":98},[84,4621,2865],{"class":102},[84,4623,394],{"class":387},[84,4625,419],{"class":391},[84,4627,394],{"class":387},[84,4629,282],{"class":102},[84,4631,388],{"class":387},[84,4633,4634],{"class":391},"b",[84,4636,394],{"class":387},[84,4638,282],{"class":102},[84,4640,3714],{"class":387},[84,4642,4608],{"class":102},[84,4644,4645],{"class":128},"  # False\n",[24,4647,4648,4649,425],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4650,3548],{},[1667,4652,4654,4655,4657,4658],{"id":4653},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4656,3478],{}," is ",[15,4659,3481],{},[24,4661,4662],{},"This is expected behavior:",[75,4664,4666],{"className":77,"code":4665,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4667,4668],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4669,4670,4672,4674,4676,4679],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4671,116],{"class":98},[84,4673,103],{"class":102},[84,4675,3590],{"class":98},[84,4677,4678],{"class":102},"([]))",[84,4680,3538],{"class":128},[24,4682,4683,4684,4686],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4685,3481],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[24,4688,4689],{},"Useful quick tests:",[75,4691,4693],{"className":77,"code":4692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4694,4695,4717,4739,4786,4822],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4696,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4698,116],{"class":98},[84,4700,103],{"class":102},[84,4702,3590],{"class":98},[84,4704,2865],{"class":102},[84,4706,838],{"class":106},[84,4708,282],{"class":102},[84,4710,304],{"class":106},[84,4712,282],{"class":102},[84,4714,309],{"class":106},[84,4716,2878],{"class":102},[84,4718,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4720,116],{"class":98},[84,4722,103],{"class":102},[84,4724,3590],{"class":98},[84,4726,2865],{"class":102},[84,4728,838],{"class":106},[84,4730,282],{"class":102},[84,4732,3709],{"class":106},[84,4734,282],{"class":102},[84,4736,309],{"class":106},[84,4738,2878],{"class":102},[84,4740,4741,4743,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,4742,116],{"class":98},[84,4744,2865],{"class":102},[84,4746,3743],{"class":139},[84,4748,103],{"class":102},[84,4750,2055],{"class":121},[84,4752,125],{"class":102},[84,4754,3752],{"class":470},[84,4756,3755],{"class":121},[84,4758,476],{"class":470},[84,4760,3498],{"class":102},[84,4762,838],{"class":106},[84,4764,282],{"class":102},[84,4766,3709],{"class":106},[84,4768,282],{"class":102},[84,4770,3714],{"class":387},[84,4772,282],{"class":102},[84,4774,388],{"class":387},[84,4776,3721],{"class":391},[84,4778,394],{"class":387},[84,4780,282],{"class":102},[84,4782,3728],{"class":659},[84,4784,4785],{"class":102},"]])\n",[84,4787,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,4789,116],{"class":98},[84,4791,103],{"class":102},[84,4793,3590],{"class":98},[84,4795,103],{"class":102},[84,4797,2904],{"class":121},[84,4799,4126],{"class":94},[84,4801,3709],{"class":106},[84,4803,3752],{"class":470},[84,4805,3755],{"class":121},[84,4807,476],{"class":470},[84,4809,3498],{"class":102},[84,4811,838],{"class":106},[84,4813,282],{"class":102},[84,4815,304],{"class":106},[84,4817,282],{"class":102},[84,4819,309],{"class":106},[84,4821,2878],{"class":102},[84,4823,4824,4826,4828,4830],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,4825,116],{"class":98},[84,4827,103],{"class":102},[84,4829,3590],{"class":98},[84,4831,4302],{"class":102},[70,4833,792,4835],{"id":4834},"when-to-use-all",[15,4836,3455],{},[24,4838,4839,4841],{},[15,4840,3455],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[24,4843,4844],{},"Common use cases:",[33,4846,4847,4850,4853],{},[36,4848,4849],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[36,4851,4852],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[36,4854,4855],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[24,4857,4858],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[75,4860,4862],{"className":77,"code":4861,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4863,4864,4900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4865,4866,4869,4871,4873,4875,4878,4880,4882,4884,4887,4889,4891,4893,4896,4898],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4867,4868],{"class":90},"names ",[84,4870,95],{"class":94},[84,4872,3498],{"class":102},[84,4874,394],{"class":387},[84,4876,4877],{"class":391},"Alice",[84,4879,394],{"class":387},[84,4881,282],{"class":102},[84,4883,388],{"class":387},[84,4885,4886],{"class":391},"Bob",[84,4888,394],{"class":387},[84,4890,282],{"class":102},[84,4892,388],{"class":387},[84,4894,4895],{"class":391},"Charlie",[84,4897,394],{"class":387},[84,4899,317],{"class":102},[84,4901,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4913],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4903,116],{"class":98},[84,4905,103],{"class":102},[84,4907,3590],{"class":98},[84,4909,103],{"class":102},[84,4911,4912],{"class":121},"names",[84,4914,232],{"class":102},[24,4916,265],{},[75,4918,4919],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4920,4921],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4922,4923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4924,660],{"class":659},[24,4926,4927],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[75,4929,4931],{"className":77,"code":4930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4932,4933,4957],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4934,4935,4938,4940,4942,4945,4947,4950,4952,4955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4936,4937],{"class":90},"scores ",[84,4939,95],{"class":94},[84,4941,3498],{"class":102},[84,4943,4944],{"class":106},"75",[84,4946,282],{"class":102},[84,4948,4949],{"class":106}," 80",[84,4951,282],{"class":102},[84,4953,4954],{"class":106}," 50",[84,4956,317],{"class":102},[84,4958,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967,4970,4973,4975,4977,4980,4982,4985],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,4960,116],{"class":98},[84,4962,103],{"class":102},[84,4964,3590],{"class":98},[84,4966,103],{"class":102},[84,4968,4969],{"class":121},"score ",[84,4971,4972],{"class":94},">=",[84,4974,4954],{"class":106},[84,4976,3752],{"class":470},[84,4978,4979],{"class":121}," score ",[84,4981,476],{"class":470},[84,4983,4984],{"class":121}," scores",[84,4986,232],{"class":102},[24,4988,265],{},[75,4990,4991],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4992,4993],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4994,4995],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4996,660],{"class":659},[24,4998,4999],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[24,5001,5002,5003,28,5007,425],{},"For related tasks, see ",[419,5004,5006],{"href":5005},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[419,5008,5010],{"href":5009},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[70,5012,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,5014,5016,5017,5019],{"id":5015},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5018,3455],{}," return in Python?",[24,5021,5022,5023,5025,5026,5028],{},"It returns ",[15,5024,3481],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5027,3548],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1667,5030,1753,5032,5034,5035,1689],{"id":5031},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5033,3478],{}," return ",[15,5036,3481],{},[24,5038,5039],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1667,5041,5043,5044,5046],{"id":5042},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5045,3455],{}," take multiple values directly?",[24,5048,5049],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1667,5051,5053,5054,28,5056,1689],{"id":5052},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5055,3455],{},[15,5057,5058],{},"any()",[24,5060,5061,5063,5064,5066,5067,425],{},[15,5062,3455],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5065,5058],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[419,5068,13,5070,424],{"href":5069},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5071,5058],{},[70,5073,1777],{"id":1776},[33,5075,5076,5082,5086,5091,5096,5101],{},[36,5077,5078],{},[419,5079,13,5080,424],{"href":5069},[15,5081,5058],{},[36,5083,5084],{},[419,5085,3682],{"href":3681},[36,5087,5088],{},[419,5089,5090],{"href":5009},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,5092,5093],{},[419,5094,5095],{"href":5005},"How to filter a list in Python",[36,5097,5098],{},[419,5099,5100],{"href":4266},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[36,5102,5103],{},[419,5104,5105],{"href":4270},"What is an iterable in Python",[1814,5107,5108],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":5110},[5111,5112,5114,5115,5120,5122,5123,5132,5134,5144],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":3551,"depth":113,"text":5113},"What all() does",{"id":3603,"depth":113,"text":3604},{"id":3804,"depth":113,"text":3805,"children":5116},[5117,5118,5119],{"id":3808,"depth":132,"text":3809},{"id":3868,"depth":132,"text":3869},{"id":3932,"depth":132,"text":3933},{"id":4071,"depth":113,"text":5121},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4274,"depth":113,"text":4275},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":5124},[5125,5126,5128,5130],{"id":4396,"depth":132,"text":4397},{"id":4453,"depth":132,"text":5127},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4576,"depth":132,"text":5129},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4653,"depth":132,"text":5131},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4834,"depth":113,"text":5133},"When to use all()",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":5135},[5136,5138,5140,5142],{"id":5015,"depth":132,"text":5137},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5031,"depth":132,"text":5139},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5042,"depth":132,"text":5141},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5052,"depth":132,"text":5143},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3447,"description":5145},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5152,"title":5153,"body":5154,"description":6842,"extension":1845,"meta":6843,"navigation":237,"path":5069,"seo":6844,"stem":6845,"__hash__":6846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5155,"toc":6820},[5156,5159,5167,5170,5187,5195,5238,5247,5251,5256,5259,5276,5279,5290,5302,5306,5309,5324,5329,5332,5344,5347,5431,5434,5455,5461,5463,5471,5485,5487,5521,5523,5526,5587,5589,5606,5609,5636,5638,5646,5658,5662,5665,5704,5706,5714,5716,5732,5740,5743,5786,5788,5796,5801,5805,5813,5816,5842,5845,5848,5921,5923,5931,5937,5961,5972,5975,6054,6056,6064,6071,6075,6080,6095,6097,6105,6108,6114,6117,6163,6165,6182,6186,6191,6202,6205,6320,6323,6382,6388,6390,6395,6399,6401,6420,6426,6429,6448,6452,6461,6488,6490,6498,6506,6510,6516,6539,6541,6549,6556,6560,6563,6614,6617,6668,6671,6673,6677,6684,6688,6695,6699,6707,6711,6714,6736,6738,6788,6790,6817],[10,5157,5153],{"id":5158},"python-any-function-explained",[24,5160,5161,5163,5164,425],{},[15,5162,5058],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[42,5165,5166],{},"at least one item is truthy",[24,5168,5169],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[33,5171,5172,5175,5178,5181,5184],{},[36,5173,5174],{},"lists",[36,5176,5177],{},"tuples",[36,5179,5180],{},"sets",[36,5182,5183],{},"strings",[36,5185,5186],{},"generator expressions",[24,5188,5189,5190,2759,5192,5194],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5191,3481],{},[15,5193,3548],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[75,5196,5198],{"className":77,"code":5197,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5199,5200,5220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5201,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5203,3698],{"class":90},[84,5205,95],{"class":94},[84,5207,3498],{"class":102},[84,5209,279],{"class":106},[84,5211,282],{"class":102},[84,5213,3714],{"class":387},[84,5215,282],{"class":102},[84,5217,285],{"class":106},[84,5219,317],{"class":102},[84,5221,5222,5224,5226,5229,5231,5234,5236],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5223,116],{"class":98},[84,5225,103],{"class":102},[84,5227,5228],{"class":98},"any",[84,5230,103],{"class":102},[84,5232,5233],{"class":121},"values",[84,5235,147],{"class":102},[84,5237,3538],{"class":128},[24,5239,153,5240,5243,5244,5246],{},[15,5241,5242],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5245,3481],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[70,5248,5250],{"id":5249},"what-any-does","What any() does",[24,5252,5253,5255],{},[15,5254,5058],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[24,5257,5258],{},"It returns:",[33,5260,5261,5266,5271],{},[36,5262,5263,5265],{},[15,5264,3481],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[36,5267,5268,5270],{},[15,5269,3548],{}," if all items are falsy",[36,5272,5273,5275],{},[15,5274,3548],{}," if the iterable is empty",[24,5277,5278],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[33,5280,5281,5284,5287],{},[36,5282,5283],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[36,5285,5286],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[36,5288,5289],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[24,5291,5292,5293,5296,5297,425],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[42,5294,5295],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[419,5298,5300],{"href":5299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5301,3455],{},[70,5303,5305],{"id":5304},"syntax","Syntax",[24,5307,5308],{},"The syntax is simple:",[75,5310,5312],{"className":77,"code":5311,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5313,5314],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5315,5316,5318,5320,5322],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5317,5228],{"class":98},[84,5319,103],{"class":102},[84,5321,3595],{"class":121},[84,5323,110],{"class":102},[24,5325,5326,5327,425],{},"The argument must be an ",[42,5328,3595],{},[24,5330,5331],{},"Common inputs include:",[33,5333,5334,5336,5338,5340,5342],{},[36,5335,5174],{},[36,5337,5177],{},[36,5339,5180],{},[36,5341,5183],{},[36,5343,5186],{},[24,5345,5346],{},"For example:",[75,5348,5350],{"className":77,"code":5349,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5351,5352,5374,5393,5413],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5353,5354,5356,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5355,116],{"class":98},[84,5357,103],{"class":102},[84,5359,5228],{"class":98},[84,5361,2865],{"class":102},[84,5363,279],{"class":106},[84,5365,282],{"class":102},[84,5367,3709],{"class":106},[84,5369,282],{"class":102},[84,5371,299],{"class":106},[84,5373,2878],{"class":102},[84,5375,5376,5378,5380,5382,5385,5387,5389,5391],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5377,116],{"class":98},[84,5379,103],{"class":102},[84,5381,5228],{"class":98},[84,5383,5384],{"class":102},"((",[84,5386,3548],{"class":659},[84,5388,282],{"class":102},[84,5390,3780],{"class":659},[84,5392,345],{"class":102},[84,5394,5395,5397,5399,5401,5404,5406,5408,5410],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,5396,116],{"class":98},[84,5398,103],{"class":102},[84,5400,5228],{"class":98},[84,5402,5403],{"class":102},"({",[84,5405,279],{"class":106},[84,5407,282],{"class":102},[84,5409,304],{"class":106},[84,5411,5412],{"class":102},"}))\n",[84,5414,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,5416,116],{"class":98},[84,5418,103],{"class":102},[84,5420,5228],{"class":98},[84,5422,103],{"class":102},[84,5424,854],{"class":387},[84,5426,3721],{"class":391},[84,5428,854],{"class":387},[84,5430,232],{"class":102},[24,5432,5433],{},"Expected output:",[75,5435,5437],{"className":77,"code":5436,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5438,5439,5443,5447,5451],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5440,5441],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5442,660],{"class":659},[84,5444,5445],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5446,3913],{"class":659},[84,5448,5449],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,5450,660],{"class":659},[84,5452,5453],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,5454,660],{"class":659},[24,5456,5457,5458,425],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[419,5459,5010],{"href":5460},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[70,5462,3604],{"id":3603},[24,5464,3607,5465,2759,5468,3612],{},[42,5466,5467],{},"truthy",[42,5469,5470],{},"falsy",[33,5472,5473,5479],{},[36,5474,5475,3620,5477],{},[42,5476,3619],{},[15,5478,3481],{},[36,5480,5481,3620,5483],{},[42,5482,3627],{},[15,5484,3548],{},[24,5486,3632],{},[33,5488,5489,5493,5497,5501,5505,5509,5513,5517],{},[36,5490,5491],{},[15,5492,3548],{},[36,5494,5495],{},[15,5496,279],{},[36,5498,5499],{},[15,5500,3643],{},[36,5502,5503],{},[15,5504,3648],{},[36,5506,5507],{},[15,5508,3662],{},[36,5510,5511],{},[15,5512,3667],{},[36,5514,5515],{},[15,5516,3672],{},[36,5518,5519],{},[15,5520,3653],{},[24,5522,3675],{},[24,5524,5525],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[75,5527,5529],{"className":77,"code":5528,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5530,5531,5545,5563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5532,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5534,116],{"class":98},[84,5536,103],{"class":102},[84,5538,5228],{"class":98},[84,5540,2865],{"class":102},[84,5542,838],{"class":106},[84,5544,2878],{"class":102},[84,5546,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5548,116],{"class":98},[84,5550,103],{"class":102},[84,5552,5228],{"class":98},[84,5554,2865],{"class":102},[84,5556,394],{"class":387},[84,5558,3721],{"class":391},[84,5560,394],{"class":387},[84,5562,2878],{"class":102},[84,5564,5565,5567,5569,5571,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,5566,116],{"class":98},[84,5568,103],{"class":102},[84,5570,5228],{"class":98},[84,5572,5573],{"class":102},"([[",[84,5575,838],{"class":106},[84,5577,282],{"class":102},[84,5579,304],{"class":106},[84,5581,282],{"class":102},[84,5583,309],{"class":106},[84,5585,5586],{"class":102},"]]))\n",[24,5588,5433],{},[75,5590,5592],{"className":77,"code":5591,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5593,5594,5598,5602],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5595,5596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5597,660],{"class":659},[84,5599,5600],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5601,660],{"class":659},[84,5603,5604],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,5605,660],{"class":659},[24,5607,5608],{},"And these are all falsy:",[75,5610,5612],{"className":77,"code":5611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5613,5614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5615,5616,5618,5620,5622,5624,5626,5628,5630,5632,5634],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5617,116],{"class":98},[84,5619,103],{"class":102},[84,5621,5228],{"class":98},[84,5623,2865],{"class":102},[84,5625,279],{"class":106},[84,5627,282],{"class":102},[84,5629,3714],{"class":387},[84,5631,282],{"class":102},[84,5633,3728],{"class":659},[84,5635,2878],{"class":102},[24,5637,5433],{},[75,5639,5640],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5641,5642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5643,5644],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5645,3913],{"class":659},[24,5647,5648,5649,28,5652,425],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[419,5650,3682],{"href":5651},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[419,5653,5655,5657],{"href":5654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5656,3688],{}," explained",[70,5659,5661],{"id":5660},"basic-example","Basic example",[24,5663,5664],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[75,5666,5668],{"className":77,"code":5667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5669,5670,5690],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5671,5672,5674,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5673,3698],{"class":90},[84,5675,95],{"class":94},[84,5677,3498],{"class":102},[84,5679,279],{"class":106},[84,5681,282],{"class":102},[84,5683,3714],{"class":387},[84,5685,282],{"class":102},[84,5687,285],{"class":106},[84,5689,317],{"class":102},[84,5691,5692,5694,5696,5698,5700,5702],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5693,116],{"class":98},[84,5695,103],{"class":102},[84,5697,5228],{"class":98},[84,5699,103],{"class":102},[84,5701,5233],{"class":121},[84,5703,232],{"class":102},[24,5705,265],{},[75,5707,5708],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5709,5710],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5711,5712],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5713,660],{"class":659},[24,5715,4315],{},[33,5717,5718,5723,5727],{},[36,5719,5720,5722],{},[15,5721,279],{}," is falsy",[36,5724,5725,5722],{},[15,5726,3648],{},[36,5728,5729,5731],{},[15,5730,107],{}," is truthy",[24,5733,5734,5735,2279,5738,425],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5736,5737],{},"any(values)",[15,5739,3481],{},[24,5741,5742],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[75,5744,5746],{"className":77,"code":5745,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5747,5748,5772],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5749,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758,5760,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5751,3698],{"class":90},[84,5753,95],{"class":94},[84,5755,3498],{"class":102},[84,5757,279],{"class":106},[84,5759,282],{"class":102},[84,5761,3714],{"class":387},[84,5763,282],{"class":102},[84,5765,3728],{"class":659},[84,5767,282],{"class":102},[84,5769,3780],{"class":659},[84,5771,317],{"class":102},[84,5773,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782,5784],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5775,116],{"class":98},[84,5777,103],{"class":102},[84,5779,5228],{"class":98},[84,5781,103],{"class":102},[84,5783,5233],{"class":121},[84,5785,232],{"class":102},[24,5787,265],{},[75,5789,5790],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5791,5792],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5793,5794],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5795,3913],{"class":659},[24,5797,5798,5799,425],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5800,3548],{},[70,5802,5804],{"id":5803},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[24,5806,5807,5809,5810,425],{},[15,5808,5058],{}," is often used with a ",[42,5811,5812],{},"generator expression",[24,5814,5815],{},"This is a common pattern:",[75,5817,5819],{"className":77,"code":5818,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5820,5821],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5822,5823,5825,5827,5830,5832,5835,5837,5840],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5824,5228],{"class":98},[84,5826,103],{"class":102},[84,5828,5829],{"class":121},"condition ",[84,5831,440],{"class":470},[84,5833,5834],{"class":121}," item ",[84,5836,476],{"class":470},[84,5838,5839],{"class":121}," items",[84,5841,110],{"class":102},[24,5843,5844],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[24,5846,5847],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[75,5849,5851],{"className":77,"code":5850,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5852,5853,5880,5884,5911],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5854,5855,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865,5868,5870,5872,5874,5876,5878],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5856,91],{"class":90},[84,5858,95],{"class":94},[84,5860,3498],{"class":102},[84,5862,2386],{"class":106},[84,5864,282],{"class":102},[84,5866,5867],{"class":106}," 7",[84,5869,282],{"class":102},[84,5871,2102],{"class":94},[84,5873,568],{"class":106},[84,5875,282],{"class":102},[84,5877,573],{"class":106},[84,5879,317],{"class":102},[84,5881,5882],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,5883,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,5885,5886,5888,5890,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,5887,2110],{"class":90},[84,5889,95],{"class":94},[84,5891,5892],{"class":98}," any",[84,5894,103],{"class":102},[84,5896,2904],{"class":121},[84,5898,380],{"class":94},[84,5900,3709],{"class":106},[84,5902,3752],{"class":470},[84,5904,3755],{"class":121},[84,5906,476],{"class":470},[84,5908,4137],{"class":121},[84,5910,110],{"class":102},[84,5912,5913,5915,5917,5919],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,5914,116],{"class":98},[84,5916,103],{"class":102},[84,5918,2145],{"class":121},[84,5920,110],{"class":102},[24,5922,265],{},[75,5924,5925],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5926,5927],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5928,5929],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5930,660],{"class":659},[24,5932,1056,5933,5936],{},[15,5934,5935],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[33,5938,5939,5947,5954],{},[36,5940,5941,5944,5945],{},[15,5942,5943],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5946,3548],{},[36,5948,5949,5944,5952],{},[15,5950,5951],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5953,3548],{},[36,5955,5956,5944,5959],{},[15,5957,5958],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5960,3481],{},[24,5962,5963,5964,5966,5967,5969,5970,425],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5965,3481],{}," result, ",[15,5968,5058],{}," can return ",[15,5971,3481],{},[24,5973,5974],{},"Here is another example:",[75,5976,5978],{"className":77,"code":5977,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5979,5980,6009,6013,6043],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5981,5982,5984,5986,5988,5990,5992,5994,5996,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5983,3943],{"class":90},[84,5985,95],{"class":94},[84,5987,3498],{"class":102},[84,5989,854],{"class":387},[84,5991,3952],{"class":391},[84,5993,854],{"class":387},[84,5995,282],{"class":102},[84,5997,5998],{"class":387}," \"\"",[84,6000,282],{"class":102},[84,6002,3230],{"class":387},[84,6004,3961],{"class":391},[84,6006,854],{"class":387},[84,6008,317],{"class":102},[84,6010,6011],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6012,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,6014,6015,6018,6020,6022,6024,6027,6029,6031,6033,6036,6038,6041],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,6016,6017],{"class":90},"has_empty_string ",[84,6019,95],{"class":94},[84,6021,5892],{"class":98},[84,6023,103],{"class":102},[84,6025,6026],{"class":121},"word ",[84,6028,4561],{"class":94},[84,6030,5998],{"class":387},[84,6032,3752],{"class":470},[84,6034,6035],{"class":121}," word ",[84,6037,476],{"class":470},[84,6039,6040],{"class":121}," words",[84,6042,110],{"class":102},[84,6044,6045,6047,6049,6052],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,6046,116],{"class":98},[84,6048,103],{"class":102},[84,6050,6051],{"class":121},"has_empty_string",[84,6053,110],{"class":102},[24,6055,265],{},[75,6057,6058],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6059,6060],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6061,6062],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6063,660],{"class":659},[24,6065,6066,6067,425],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[419,6068,6070],{"href":6069},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[70,6072,6074],{"id":6073},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[24,6076,6077,6078,881],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6079,3548],{},[75,6081,6083],{"className":77,"code":6082,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6084,6085],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6086,6087,6089,6091,6093],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6088,116],{"class":98},[84,6090,103],{"class":102},[84,6092,5228],{"class":98},[84,6094,4302],{"class":102},[24,6096,265],{},[75,6098,6099],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6100,6101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6102,6103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6104,3913],{"class":659},[24,6106,6107],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[24,6109,6110,6111,6113],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6112,5058],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[24,6115,6116],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[75,6118,6120],{"className":77,"code":6119,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6121,6122,6132,6147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6123,6124,6126,6128,6130],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6125,116],{"class":98},[84,6127,103],{"class":102},[84,6129,5228],{"class":98},[84,6131,4360],{"class":102},[84,6133,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6145],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6135,116],{"class":98},[84,6137,103],{"class":102},[84,6139,5228],{"class":98},[84,6141,103],{"class":102},[84,6143,6144],{"class":387},"\"\"",[84,6146,232],{"class":102},[84,6148,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6160],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,6150,116],{"class":98},[84,6152,103],{"class":102},[84,6154,5228],{"class":98},[84,6156,103],{"class":102},[84,6158,6159],{"class":139},"set",[84,6161,6162],{"class":102},"()))\n",[24,6164,265],{},[75,6166,6168],{"className":77,"code":6167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6169,6170,6174,6178],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6171,6172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6173,3913],{"class":659},[84,6175,6176],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6177,3913],{"class":659},[84,6179,6180],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,6181,3913],{"class":659},[70,6183,6185],{"id":6184},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[24,6187,153,6188,6190],{},[15,6189,5058],{}," when you want to:",[33,6192,6193,6196,6199],{},[36,6194,6195],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[36,6197,6198],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[36,6200,6201],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[24,6203,6204],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[75,6206,6208],{"className":77,"code":6207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6209,6210,6235,6239,6249,6253,6267,6286,6297,6303,6308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6211,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6233],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6213,91],{"class":90},[84,6215,95],{"class":94},[84,6217,3498],{"class":102},[84,6219,838],{"class":106},[84,6221,282],{"class":102},[84,6223,309],{"class":106},[84,6225,282],{"class":102},[84,6227,285],{"class":106},[84,6229,282],{"class":102},[84,6231,6232],{"class":106}," 8",[84,6234,317],{"class":102},[84,6236,6237],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6238,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,6240,6241,6244,6246],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,6242,6243],{"class":90},"found_even ",[84,6245,95],{"class":94},[84,6247,6248],{"class":659}," False\n",[84,6250,6251],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,6252,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,6254,6255,6257,6260,6262,6264],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,6256,440],{"class":470},[84,6258,6259],{"class":90}," number ",[84,6261,476],{"class":470},[84,6263,4137],{"class":90},[84,6265,6266],{"class":102},":\n",[84,6268,6269,6272,6274,6277,6279,6282,6284],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,6270,6271],{"class":470},"    if",[84,6273,6259],{"class":90},[84,6275,6276],{"class":94},"%",[84,6278,304],{"class":106},[84,6280,6281],{"class":94}," ==",[84,6283,3709],{"class":106},[84,6285,6266],{"class":102},[84,6287,6289,6292,6294],{"class":86,"line":6288},7,[84,6290,6291],{"class":90},"        found_even ",[84,6293,95],{"class":94},[84,6295,6296],{"class":659}," True\n",[84,6298,6300],{"class":86,"line":6299},8,[84,6301,6302],{"class":470},"        break\n",[84,6304,6306],{"class":86,"line":6305},9,[84,6307,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,6309,6311,6313,6315,6318],{"class":86,"line":6310},10,[84,6312,116],{"class":98},[84,6314,103],{"class":102},[84,6316,6317],{"class":121},"found_even",[84,6319,110],{"class":102},[24,6321,6322],{},"You can write:",[75,6324,6326],{"className":77,"code":6325,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6327,6328,6352],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6329,6330,6332,6334,6336,6338,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6331,91],{"class":90},[84,6333,95],{"class":94},[84,6335,3498],{"class":102},[84,6337,838],{"class":106},[84,6339,282],{"class":102},[84,6341,309],{"class":106},[84,6343,282],{"class":102},[84,6345,285],{"class":106},[84,6347,282],{"class":102},[84,6349,6232],{"class":106},[84,6351,317],{"class":102},[84,6353,6354,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6355,116],{"class":98},[84,6357,103],{"class":102},[84,6359,5228],{"class":98},[84,6361,103],{"class":102},[84,6363,2097],{"class":121},[84,6365,6276],{"class":94},[84,6367,304],{"class":106},[84,6369,6281],{"class":94},[84,6371,3709],{"class":106},[84,6373,3752],{"class":470},[84,6375,6259],{"class":121},[84,6377,476],{"class":470},[84,6379,4137],{"class":121},[84,6381,232],{"class":102},[24,6383,6384,6385,6387],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6386,5058],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[70,6389,4393],{"id":4392},[24,6391,6392,6393,425],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6394,5058],{},[1667,6396,6398],{"id":6397},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[24,6400,4400],{},[75,6402,6404],{"className":77,"code":6403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6405,6406],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6407,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416,6418],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6409,116],{"class":98},[84,6411,103],{"class":102},[84,6413,5228],{"class":98},[84,6415,103],{"class":102},[84,6417,107],{"class":106},[84,6419,232],{"class":102},[24,6421,6422,6423,6425],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6424,107],{}," is not iterable.",[24,6427,6428],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[75,6430,6432],{"className":77,"code":6431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6433,6434],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6435,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6437,116],{"class":98},[84,6439,103],{"class":102},[84,6441,5228],{"class":98},[84,6443,2865],{"class":102},[84,6445,107],{"class":106},[84,6447,2878],{"class":102},[1667,6449,6451],{"id":6450},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[24,6453,6454,6456,6457,6460],{},[15,6455,5058],{}," needs only ",[42,6458,6459],{},"one"," truthy item.",[75,6462,6464],{"className":77,"code":6463,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6465,6466],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6467,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6469,116],{"class":98},[84,6471,103],{"class":102},[84,6473,5228],{"class":98},[84,6475,2865],{"class":102},[84,6477,3548],{"class":659},[84,6479,282],{"class":102},[84,6481,3780],{"class":659},[84,6483,282],{"class":102},[84,6485,3789],{"class":659},[84,6487,2878],{"class":102},[24,6489,265],{},[75,6491,6492],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6493,6494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6495,6496],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6497,660],{"class":659},[24,6499,6500,6501,6505],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[419,6502,6503],{"href":5299},[15,6504,3455],{}," instead.",[1667,6507,6509],{"id":6508},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[24,6511,6512,6513,425],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6514,6515],{},"\"True\"",[75,6517,6519],{"className":77,"code":6518,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6520,6521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6522,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6524,116],{"class":98},[84,6526,103],{"class":102},[84,6528,5228],{"class":98},[84,6530,2865],{"class":102},[84,6532,854],{"class":387},[84,6534,3548],{"class":391},[84,6536,854],{"class":387},[84,6538,2878],{"class":102},[24,6540,265],{},[75,6542,6543],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6544,6545],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6546,6547],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6548,660],{"class":659},[24,6550,6551,6552,6555],{},"That is because ",[15,6553,6554],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1667,6557,6559],{"id":6558},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[24,6561,6562],{},"This works:",[75,6564,6566],{"className":77,"code":6565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6567,6568,6588],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6569,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584,6586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6571,91],{"class":90},[84,6573,95],{"class":94},[84,6575,3498],{"class":102},[84,6577,838],{"class":106},[84,6579,282],{"class":102},[84,6581,304],{"class":106},[84,6583,282],{"class":102},[84,6585,309],{"class":106},[84,6587,317],{"class":102},[84,6589,6590,6592,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6591,116],{"class":98},[84,6593,103],{"class":102},[84,6595,5228],{"class":98},[84,6597,2865],{"class":102},[84,6599,2904],{"class":121},[84,6601,4126],{"class":94},[84,6603,304],{"class":106},[84,6605,3752],{"class":470},[84,6607,3755],{"class":121},[84,6609,476],{"class":470},[84,6611,4137],{"class":121},[84,6613,2878],{"class":102},[24,6615,6616],{},"But this is usually better:",[75,6618,6620],{"className":77,"code":6619,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6621,6622,6642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6623,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6625,91],{"class":90},[84,6627,95],{"class":94},[84,6629,3498],{"class":102},[84,6631,838],{"class":106},[84,6633,282],{"class":102},[84,6635,304],{"class":106},[84,6637,282],{"class":102},[84,6639,309],{"class":106},[84,6641,317],{"class":102},[84,6643,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6645,116],{"class":98},[84,6647,103],{"class":102},[84,6649,5228],{"class":98},[84,6651,103],{"class":102},[84,6653,2904],{"class":121},[84,6655,4126],{"class":94},[84,6657,304],{"class":106},[84,6659,3752],{"class":470},[84,6661,3755],{"class":121},[84,6663,476],{"class":470},[84,6665,4137],{"class":121},[84,6667,232],{"class":102},[24,6669,6670],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[70,6672,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,6674,6676],{"id":6675},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[24,6678,5022,6679,6681,6682,425],{},[15,6680,3481],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6683,3548],{},[1667,6685,6687],{"id":6686},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[24,6689,6690,2279,6692,6694],{},[15,6691,5058],{},[15,6693,3548],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1667,6696,6698],{"id":6697},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[24,6700,6701,6703,6704,6706],{},[15,6702,5058],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6705,3455],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1667,6708,6710],{"id":6709},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[24,6712,6713],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[75,6715,6716],{"className":77,"code":5818,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6717,6718],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6719,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6721,5228],{"class":98},[84,6723,103],{"class":102},[84,6725,5829],{"class":121},[84,6727,440],{"class":470},[84,6729,5834],{"class":121},[84,6731,476],{"class":470},[84,6733,5839],{"class":121},[84,6735,110],{"class":102},[24,6737,5346],{},[75,6739,6740],{"className":77,"code":6619,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6741,6742,6762],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6743,6744,6746,6748,6750,6752,6754,6756,6758,6760],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6745,91],{"class":90},[84,6747,95],{"class":94},[84,6749,3498],{"class":102},[84,6751,838],{"class":106},[84,6753,282],{"class":102},[84,6755,304],{"class":106},[84,6757,282],{"class":102},[84,6759,309],{"class":106},[84,6761,317],{"class":102},[84,6763,6764,6766,6768,6770,6772,6774,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6765,116],{"class":98},[84,6767,103],{"class":102},[84,6769,5228],{"class":98},[84,6771,103],{"class":102},[84,6773,2904],{"class":121},[84,6775,4126],{"class":94},[84,6777,304],{"class":106},[84,6779,3752],{"class":470},[84,6781,3755],{"class":121},[84,6783,476],{"class":470},[84,6785,4137],{"class":121},[84,6787,232],{"class":102},[70,6789,1777],{"id":1776},[33,6791,6792,6798,6802,6806,6811],{},[36,6793,6794],{},[419,6795,6796,424],{"href":5299},[15,6797,3455],{},[36,6799,6800],{},[419,6801,3682],{"href":5651},[36,6803,6804],{},[419,6805,5090],{"href":5460},[36,6807,6808],{},[419,6809,6810],{"href":6069},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,6812,6813],{},[419,6814,6815,424],{"href":5654},[15,6816,3688],{},[1814,6818,6819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":6821},[6822,6823,6824,6825,6826,6827,6828,6829,6835,6841],{"id":5249,"depth":113,"text":5250},{"id":5304,"depth":113,"text":5305},{"id":3603,"depth":113,"text":3604},{"id":5660,"depth":113,"text":5661},{"id":5803,"depth":113,"text":5804},{"id":6073,"depth":113,"text":6074},{"id":6184,"depth":113,"text":6185},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":6830},[6831,6832,6833,6834],{"id":6397,"depth":132,"text":6398},{"id":6450,"depth":132,"text":6451},{"id":6508,"depth":132,"text":6509},{"id":6558,"depth":132,"text":6559},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":6836},[6837,6838,6839,6840],{"id":6675,"depth":132,"text":6676},{"id":6686,"depth":132,"text":6687},{"id":6697,"depth":132,"text":6698},{"id":6709,"depth":132,"text":6710},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5153,"description":6842},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6848,"title":6849,"body":6850,"description":8982,"extension":1845,"meta":8983,"navigation":237,"path":8984,"seo":8985,"stem":8986,"__hash__":8987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6851,"toc":8945},[6852,6855,6864,6874,6876,6973,6975,7004,7020,7024,7029,7032,7042,7048,7054,7070,7072,7080,7087,7091,7094,7109,7114,7132,7137,7139,7187,7189,7206,7210,7216,7219,7254,7256,7362,7364,7401,7405,7413,7415,7435,7437,7558,7560,7589,7592,7615,7617,7625,7633,7637,7643,7647,7690,7692,7700,7703,7731,7733,7741,7745,7774,7776,7784,7816,7818,7826,7830,7881,7883,7891,7899,7903,7906,7958,7960,7980,7987,7991,7997,8000,8008,8030,8032,8040,8048,8071,8073,8081,8086,8091,8103,8105,8146,8157,8161,8170,8173,8176,8234,8237,8289,8292,8297,8313,8319,8321,8326,8335,8338,8360,8362,8370,8375,8378,8413,8415,8423,8427,8432,8470,8482,8485,8540,8548,8552,8555,8577,8586,8589,8630,8632,8655,8661,8667,8682,8684,8704,8707,8726,8728,8747,8751,8757,8836,8839,8853,8860,8862,8866,8873,8877,8881,8885,8890,8894,8899,8903,8910,8912,8942],[10,6853,6849],{"id":6854},"python-bool-function-explained",[24,6856,1862,6857,6859,6860,2759,6862,425],{},[15,6858,3688],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6861,3481],{},[15,6863,3548],{},[24,6865,6866,6867,6869,6870,6873],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6868,3688],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6871,6872],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[70,6875,73],{"id":72},[75,6877,6879],{"className":77,"code":6878,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6880,6881,6895,6909,6923,6941,6951],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6882,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6884,116],{"class":98},[84,6886,103],{"class":102},[84,6888,3743],{"class":139},[84,6890,103],{"class":102},[84,6892,279],{"class":106},[84,6894,232],{"class":102},[84,6896,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6898,116],{"class":98},[84,6900,103],{"class":102},[84,6902,3743],{"class":139},[84,6904,103],{"class":102},[84,6906,838],{"class":106},[84,6908,232],{"class":102},[84,6910,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,6912,116],{"class":98},[84,6914,103],{"class":102},[84,6916,3743],{"class":139},[84,6918,103],{"class":102},[84,6920,6144],{"class":387},[84,6922,232],{"class":102},[84,6924,6925,6927,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,6926,116],{"class":98},[84,6928,103],{"class":102},[84,6930,3743],{"class":139},[84,6932,103],{"class":102},[84,6934,854],{"class":387},[84,6936,3721],{"class":391},[84,6938,854],{"class":387},[84,6940,232],{"class":102},[84,6942,6943,6945,6947,6949],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,6944,116],{"class":98},[84,6946,103],{"class":102},[84,6948,3743],{"class":139},[84,6950,4302],{"class":102},[84,6952,6953,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,6954,116],{"class":98},[84,6956,103],{"class":102},[84,6958,3743],{"class":139},[84,6960,2865],{"class":102},[84,6962,838],{"class":106},[84,6964,282],{"class":102},[84,6966,304],{"class":106},[84,6968,282],{"class":102},[84,6970,309],{"class":106},[84,6972,2878],{"class":102},[24,6974,5433],{},[75,6976,6978],{"className":77,"code":6977,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6979,6980,6984,6988,6992,6996,7000],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6981,6982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6983,3913],{"class":659},[84,6985,6986],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,6987,660],{"class":659},[84,6989,6990],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,6991,3913],{"class":659},[84,6993,6994],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,6995,660],{"class":659},[84,6997,6998],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,6999,3913],{"class":659},[84,7001,7002],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,7003,660],{"class":659},[24,7005,153,7006,7009,7010,2759,7012,7014,7015,7017,7018,425],{},[15,7007,7008],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7011,3481],{},[15,7013,3548],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7016,3548],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7019,3481],{},[70,7021,7023],{"id":7022},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[24,7025,7026,7028],{},[15,7027,3688],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[24,7030,7031],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[33,7033,7034,7038],{},[36,7035,7036],{},[15,7037,3481],{},[36,7039,7040],{},[15,7041,3548],{},[24,7043,7044,7045,7047],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7046,6872],{}," statements.",[24,7049,7050,7051,7053],{},"You can also call ",[15,7052,3688],{}," with no argument:",[75,7055,7057],{"className":77,"code":7056,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool())\n",[15,7058,7059],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7060,7061,7063,7065,7067],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7062,116],{"class":98},[84,7064,103],{"class":102},[84,7066,3743],{"class":139},[84,7068,7069],{"class":102},"())\n",[24,7071,265],{},[75,7073,7074],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7075,7076],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7077,7078],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7079,3913],{"class":659},[24,7081,7082,7083,425],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[419,7084,7086],{"href":7085},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[70,7088,7090],{"id":7089},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[24,7092,7093],{},"The basic syntax is:",[75,7095,7097],{"className":77,"code":7096,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bool(value)\n",[15,7098,7099],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7102,3743],{"class":139},[84,7104,103],{"class":102},[84,7106,2354],{"class":121},[84,7108,110],{"class":102},[24,7110,1862,7111,7113],{},[15,7112,2354],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[33,7115,7116,7118,7120,7122,7124,7127,7129],{},[36,7117,122],{},[36,7119,5183],{},[36,7121,5174],{},[36,7123,5177],{},[36,7125,7126],{},"dictionaries",[36,7128,5180],{},[36,7130,7131],{},"other objects",[24,7133,7134,7135,425],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7136,3548],{},[24,7138,190],{},[75,7140,7142],{"className":77,"code":7141,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7143,7144,7158,7177],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7145,7146,7148,7150,7152,7154,7156],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7147,116],{"class":98},[84,7149,103],{"class":102},[84,7151,3743],{"class":139},[84,7153,103],{"class":102},[84,7155,2212],{"class":106},[84,7157,232],{"class":102},[84,7159,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170,7173,7175],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7161,116],{"class":98},[84,7163,103],{"class":102},[84,7165,3743],{"class":139},[84,7167,103],{"class":102},[84,7169,854],{"class":387},[84,7171,7172],{"class":391},"Python",[84,7174,854],{"class":387},[84,7176,232],{"class":102},[84,7178,7179,7181,7183,7185],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7180,116],{"class":98},[84,7182,103],{"class":102},[84,7184,3743],{"class":139},[84,7186,7069],{"class":102},[24,7188,265],{},[75,7190,7192],{"className":77,"code":7191,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7193,7194,7198,7202],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7195,7196],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7197,660],{"class":659},[84,7199,7200],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7201,660],{"class":659},[84,7203,7204],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7205,3913],{"class":659},[70,7207,7209],{"id":7208},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[24,7211,7212,7213,7215],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[42,7214,5470],{}," values.",[24,7217,7218],{},"Common examples:",[33,7220,7221,7225,7229,7233,7237,7242,7246,7250],{},[36,7222,7223],{},[15,7224,279],{},[36,7226,7227],{},[15,7228,3643],{},[36,7230,7231],{},[15,7232,6144],{},[36,7234,7235],{},[15,7236,3662],{},[36,7238,7239],{},[15,7240,7241],{},"()",[36,7243,7244],{},[15,7245,3667],{},[36,7247,7248],{},[15,7249,3672],{},[36,7251,7252],{},[15,7253,3653],{},[24,7255,190],{},[75,7257,7259],{"className":77,"code":7258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7260,7261,7275,7289,7303,7313,7323,7334,7348],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7262,7263,7265,7267,7269,7271,7273],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7264,116],{"class":98},[84,7266,103],{"class":102},[84,7268,3743],{"class":139},[84,7270,103],{"class":102},[84,7272,279],{"class":106},[84,7274,232],{"class":102},[84,7276,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7278,116],{"class":98},[84,7280,103],{"class":102},[84,7282,3743],{"class":139},[84,7284,103],{"class":102},[84,7286,3643],{"class":106},[84,7288,232],{"class":102},[84,7290,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7292,116],{"class":98},[84,7294,103],{"class":102},[84,7296,3743],{"class":139},[84,7298,103],{"class":102},[84,7300,6144],{"class":387},[84,7302,232],{"class":102},[84,7304,7305,7307,7309,7311],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,7306,116],{"class":98},[84,7308,103],{"class":102},[84,7310,3743],{"class":139},[84,7312,4302],{"class":102},[84,7314,7315,7317,7319,7321],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,7316,116],{"class":98},[84,7318,103],{"class":102},[84,7320,3743],{"class":139},[84,7322,4360],{"class":102},[84,7324,7325,7327,7329,7331],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,7326,116],{"class":98},[84,7328,103],{"class":102},[84,7330,3743],{"class":139},[84,7332,7333],{"class":102},"({}))\n",[84,7335,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344,7346],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,7337,116],{"class":98},[84,7339,103],{"class":102},[84,7341,3743],{"class":139},[84,7343,103],{"class":102},[84,7345,6159],{"class":139},[84,7347,6162],{"class":102},[84,7349,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358,7360],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,7351,116],{"class":98},[84,7353,103],{"class":102},[84,7355,3743],{"class":139},[84,7357,103],{"class":102},[84,7359,3653],{"class":659},[84,7361,232],{"class":102},[24,7363,265],{},[75,7365,7367],{"className":77,"code":7366,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7368,7369,7373,7377,7381,7385,7389,7393,7397],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7370,7371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7372,3913],{"class":659},[84,7374,7375],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7376,3913],{"class":659},[84,7378,7379],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7380,3913],{"class":659},[84,7382,7383],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,7384,3913],{"class":659},[84,7386,7387],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,7388,3913],{"class":659},[84,7390,7391],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,7392,3913],{"class":659},[84,7394,7395],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,7396,3913],{"class":659},[84,7398,7399],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,7400,3913],{"class":659},[70,7402,7404],{"id":7403},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[24,7406,7407,7408,7410,7411,7215],{},"Many values become ",[15,7409,3481],{},". These are often called ",[42,7412,5467],{},[24,7414,7218],{},[33,7416,7417,7420,7423,7426,7429,7432],{},[36,7418,7419],{},"non-zero numbers",[36,7421,7422],{},"non-empty strings",[36,7424,7425],{},"non-empty lists",[36,7427,7428],{},"non-empty tuples",[36,7430,7431],{},"non-empty sets",[36,7433,7434],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[24,7436,190],{},[75,7438,7440],{"className":77,"code":7439,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7441,7442,7456,7472,7490,7512,7530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7443,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452,7454],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7445,116],{"class":98},[84,7447,103],{"class":102},[84,7449,3743],{"class":139},[84,7451,103],{"class":102},[84,7453,107],{"class":106},[84,7455,232],{"class":102},[84,7457,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7459,116],{"class":98},[84,7461,103],{"class":102},[84,7463,3743],{"class":139},[84,7465,103],{"class":102},[84,7467,1906],{"class":94},[84,7469,568],{"class":106},[84,7471,232],{"class":102},[84,7473,7474,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7475,116],{"class":98},[84,7477,103],{"class":102},[84,7479,3743],{"class":139},[84,7481,103],{"class":102},[84,7483,854],{"class":387},[84,7485,3721],{"class":391},[84,7487,854],{"class":387},[84,7489,232],{"class":102},[84,7491,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508,7510],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,7493,116],{"class":98},[84,7495,103],{"class":102},[84,7497,3743],{"class":139},[84,7499,2865],{"class":102},[84,7501,838],{"class":106},[84,7503,282],{"class":102},[84,7505,304],{"class":106},[84,7507,282],{"class":102},[84,7509,309],{"class":106},[84,7511,2878],{"class":102},[84,7513,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526,7528],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,7515,116],{"class":98},[84,7517,103],{"class":102},[84,7519,3743],{"class":139},[84,7521,5384],{"class":102},[84,7523,838],{"class":106},[84,7525,282],{"class":102},[84,7527,304],{"class":106},[84,7529,345],{"class":102},[84,7531,7532,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7545,7547,7549,7551,7554,7556],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,7533,116],{"class":98},[84,7535,103],{"class":102},[84,7537,3743],{"class":139},[84,7539,5403],{"class":102},[84,7541,854],{"class":387},[84,7543,7544],{"class":391},"name",[84,7546,854],{"class":387},[84,7548,881],{"class":102},[84,7550,3230],{"class":387},[84,7552,7553],{"class":391},"Sam",[84,7555,854],{"class":387},[84,7557,5412],{"class":102},[24,7559,265],{},[75,7561,7563],{"className":77,"code":7562,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7564,7565,7569,7573,7577,7581,7585],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7566,7567],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7568,660],{"class":659},[84,7570,7571],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7572,660],{"class":659},[84,7574,7575],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7576,660],{"class":659},[84,7578,7579],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,7580,660],{"class":659},[84,7582,7583],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,7584,660],{"class":659},[84,7586,7587],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,7588,660],{"class":659},[24,7590,7591],{},"One important example is this:",[75,7593,7595],{"className":77,"code":7594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7596,7597],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7598,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609,7611,7613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7600,116],{"class":98},[84,7602,103],{"class":102},[84,7604,3743],{"class":139},[84,7606,103],{"class":102},[84,7608,854],{"class":387},[84,7610,3548],{"class":391},[84,7612,854],{"class":387},[84,7614,232],{"class":102},[24,7616,265],{},[75,7618,7619],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7620,7621],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7622,7623],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7624,660],{"class":659},[24,7626,7627,7628,7630,7631,425],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7629,6554],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7632,3481],{},[70,7634,7636],{"id":7635},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[24,7638,7639,7640,7642],{},"You can use ",[15,7641,3688],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1667,7644,7646],{"id":7645},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[75,7648,7650],{"className":77,"code":7649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7651,7652,7675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7653,7654,7657,7659,7661,7663,7665,7668,7670,7673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7655,7656],{"class":90},"items ",[84,7658,95],{"class":94},[84,7660,3498],{"class":102},[84,7662,2212],{"class":106},[84,7664,282],{"class":102},[84,7666,7667],{"class":106}," 20",[84,7669,282],{"class":102},[84,7671,7672],{"class":106}," 30",[84,7674,317],{"class":102},[84,7676,7677,7679,7681,7683,7685,7688],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7678,116],{"class":98},[84,7680,103],{"class":102},[84,7682,3743],{"class":139},[84,7684,103],{"class":102},[84,7686,7687],{"class":121},"items",[84,7689,232],{"class":102},[24,7691,265],{},[75,7693,7694],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7695,7696],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7697,7698],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7699,660],{"class":659},[24,7701,7702],{},"With an empty list:",[75,7704,7706],{"className":77,"code":7705,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7707,7708,7717],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7709,7710,7712,7714],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7711,7656],{"class":90},[84,7713,95],{"class":94},[84,7715,7716],{"class":102}," []\n",[84,7718,7719,7721,7723,7725,7727,7729],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7720,116],{"class":98},[84,7722,103],{"class":102},[84,7724,3743],{"class":139},[84,7726,103],{"class":102},[84,7728,7687],{"class":121},[84,7730,232],{"class":102},[24,7732,265],{},[75,7734,7735],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7736,7737],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7738,7739],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7740,3913],{"class":659},[1667,7742,7744],{"id":7743},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[75,7746,7748],{"className":77,"code":7747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7749,7750,7760],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7751,7752,7755,7757],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7753,7754],{"class":90},"name ",[84,7756,95],{"class":94},[84,7758,7759],{"class":387}," \"\"\n",[84,7761,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7763,116],{"class":98},[84,7765,103],{"class":102},[84,7767,3743],{"class":139},[84,7769,103],{"class":102},[84,7771,7544],{"class":121},[84,7773,232],{"class":102},[24,7775,265],{},[75,7777,7778],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7779,7780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7781,7782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7783,3913],{"class":659},[75,7785,7787],{"className":77,"code":7786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7788,7789,7802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7790,7791,7793,7795,7797,7800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7792,7754],{"class":90},[84,7794,95],{"class":94},[84,7796,3230],{"class":387},[84,7798,7799],{"class":391},"Mia",[84,7801,3236],{"class":387},[84,7803,7804,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7805,116],{"class":98},[84,7807,103],{"class":102},[84,7809,3743],{"class":139},[84,7811,103],{"class":102},[84,7813,7544],{"class":121},[84,7815,232],{"class":102},[24,7817,265],{},[75,7819,7820],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7821,7822],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7823,7824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7825,660],{"class":659},[1667,7827,7829],{"id":7828},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[75,7831,7833],{"className":77,"code":7832,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7834,7835,7849,7866,7870],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7836,7837,7840,7842,7844,7847],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7838,7839],{"class":90},"username ",[84,7841,95],{"class":94},[84,7843,3230],{"class":387},[84,7845,7846],{"class":391},"alex",[84,7848,3236],{"class":387},[84,7850,7851,7854,7856,7859,7861,7864],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7852,7853],{"class":90},"has_name ",[84,7855,95],{"class":94},[84,7857,7858],{"class":139}," bool",[84,7860,103],{"class":102},[84,7862,7863],{"class":121},"username",[84,7865,110],{"class":102},[84,7867,7868],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7869,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,7871,7872,7874,7876,7879],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,7873,116],{"class":98},[84,7875,103],{"class":102},[84,7877,7878],{"class":121},"has_name",[84,7880,110],{"class":102},[24,7882,265],{},[75,7884,7885],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7886,7887],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7888,7889],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7890,660],{"class":659},[24,7892,7893,7894,2759,7896,7898],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7895,3481],{},[15,7897,3548],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1667,7900,7902],{"id":7901},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[24,7904,7905],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[75,7907,7909],{"className":77,"code":7908,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7910,7911,7931,7935,7943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7912,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7914,91],{"class":90},[84,7916,95],{"class":94},[84,7918,3498],{"class":102},[84,7920,838],{"class":106},[84,7922,282],{"class":102},[84,7924,304],{"class":106},[84,7926,282],{"class":102},[84,7928,309],{"class":106},[84,7930,317],{"class":102},[84,7932,7933],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,7934,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,7936,7937,7939,7941],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,7938,6872],{"class":470},[84,7940,4137],{"class":90},[84,7942,6266],{"class":102},[84,7944,7945,7947,7949,7951,7954,7956],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,7946,490],{"class":98},[84,7948,103],{"class":102},[84,7950,854],{"class":387},[84,7952,7953],{"class":391},"The list is not empty",[84,7955,854],{"class":387},[84,7957,110],{"class":102},[24,7959,265],{},[75,7961,7963],{"className":77,"code":7962,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7964,7965],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7966,7967,7969,7971,7974,7977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7968,1862],{"class":90},[84,7970,140],{"class":139},[84,7972,7973],{"class":94}," is",[84,7975,7976],{"class":94}," not",[84,7978,7979],{"class":90}," empty\n",[24,7981,7982,7983,425],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[419,7984,7986],{"href":7985},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[70,7988,7990],{"id":7989},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[24,7992,7993,7994,7996],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7995,3688],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[24,7998,7999],{},"It does not do that.",[1667,8001,8003,2279,8006],{"id":8002},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8004,8005],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8007,3481],{},[75,8009,8010],{"className":77,"code":7594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8011,8012],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8013,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8015,116],{"class":98},[84,8017,103],{"class":102},[84,8019,3743],{"class":139},[84,8021,103],{"class":102},[84,8023,854],{"class":387},[84,8025,3548],{"class":391},[84,8027,854],{"class":387},[84,8029,232],{"class":102},[24,8031,265],{},[75,8033,8034],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8035,8036],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8037,8038],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8039,660],{"class":659},[1667,8041,8043,2279,8046],{"id":8042},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8044,8045],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8047,3481],{},[75,8049,8051],{"className":77,"code":8050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8052,8053],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8054,8055,8057,8059,8061,8063,8065,8067,8069],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8056,116],{"class":98},[84,8058,103],{"class":102},[84,8060,3743],{"class":139},[84,8062,103],{"class":102},[84,8064,854],{"class":387},[84,8066,279],{"class":391},[84,8068,854],{"class":387},[84,8070,232],{"class":102},[24,8072,265],{},[75,8074,8075],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8076,8077],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8078,8079],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8080,660],{"class":659},[24,8082,8083,8084,425],{},"This happens because both values are ",[42,8085,7422],{},[24,8087,8088,8090],{},[15,8089,3688],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[24,8092,8093,8094,8099,8100,8102],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[419,8095,8097],{"href":8096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8098,2837],{},", because ",[15,8101,2837],{}," always returns a string.",[24,8104,190],{},[75,8106,8108],{"className":77,"code":8107,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8109,8110,8131],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8111,8112,8115,8117,8120,8122,8124,8127,8129],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8113,8114],{"class":90},"user_value ",[84,8116,95],{"class":94},[84,8118,8119],{"class":98}," input",[84,8121,103],{"class":102},[84,8123,854],{"class":387},[84,8125,8126],{"class":391},"Enter True or False: ",[84,8128,854],{"class":387},[84,8130,110],{"class":102},[84,8132,8133,8135,8137,8139,8141,8144],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8134,116],{"class":98},[84,8136,103],{"class":102},[84,8138,3743],{"class":139},[84,8140,103],{"class":102},[84,8142,8143],{"class":121},"user_value",[84,8145,232],{"class":102},[24,8147,8148,8149,8151,8152,8099,8154,8156],{},"If the user types ",[15,8150,3548],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8153,3481],{},[15,8155,6554],{}," is not empty.",[70,8158,8160],{"id":8159},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[24,8162,8163,8164,8166,8167,8169],{},"In many ",[15,8165,6872],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8168,3688],{}," yourself.",[24,8171,8172],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[24,8174,8175],{},"Instead of this:",[75,8177,8179],{"className":77,"code":8178,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8180,8181,8202,8206,8219],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8182,8183,8186,8188,8190,8192,8194,8196,8198,8200],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8184,8185],{"class":90},"my_list ",[84,8187,95],{"class":94},[84,8189,3498],{"class":102},[84,8191,838],{"class":106},[84,8193,282],{"class":102},[84,8195,304],{"class":106},[84,8197,282],{"class":102},[84,8199,309],{"class":106},[84,8201,317],{"class":102},[84,8203,8204],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8205,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,8207,8208,8210,8212,8214,8217],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,8209,6872],{"class":470},[84,8211,7858],{"class":139},[84,8213,103],{"class":102},[84,8215,8216],{"class":121},"my_list",[84,8218,485],{"class":102},[84,8220,8221,8223,8225,8227,8230,8232],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,8222,490],{"class":98},[84,8224,103],{"class":102},[84,8226,854],{"class":387},[84,8228,8229],{"class":391},"List has items",[84,8231,854],{"class":387},[84,8233,110],{"class":102},[24,8235,8236],{},"You can simply write:",[75,8238,8240],{"className":77,"code":8239,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8241,8242,8262,8266,8275],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8243,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8254,8256,8258,8260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8245,8185],{"class":90},[84,8247,95],{"class":94},[84,8249,3498],{"class":102},[84,8251,838],{"class":106},[84,8253,282],{"class":102},[84,8255,304],{"class":106},[84,8257,282],{"class":102},[84,8259,309],{"class":106},[84,8261,317],{"class":102},[84,8263,8264],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8265,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,8267,8268,8270,8273],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,8269,6872],{"class":470},[84,8271,8272],{"class":90}," my_list",[84,8274,6266],{"class":102},[84,8276,8277,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,8278,490],{"class":98},[84,8280,103],{"class":102},[84,8282,854],{"class":387},[84,8284,8229],{"class":391},[84,8286,854],{"class":387},[84,8288,110],{"class":102},[24,8290,8291],{},"Both examples work.",[24,8293,1442,8294,8296],{},[15,8295,3688],{}," is still helpful when:",[33,8298,8299,8302,8310],{},[36,8300,8301],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[36,8303,8304,8305,2759,8307,8309],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8306,3481],{},[15,8308,3548],{}," value",[36,8311,8312],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[24,8314,8315,8316,425],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[419,8317,8318],{"href":2180},"Python type() function explained",[70,8320,1434],{"id":1433},[24,8322,8323,8324,425],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8325,3688],{},[1667,8327,8329,8330,8332,8333],{"id":8328},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8331,8005],{}," to return ",[15,8334,3548],{},[24,8336,8337],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[75,8339,8340],{"className":77,"code":7594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8341,8342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8343,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354,8356,8358],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8345,116],{"class":98},[84,8347,103],{"class":102},[84,8349,3743],{"class":139},[84,8351,103],{"class":102},[84,8353,854],{"class":387},[84,8355,3548],{"class":391},[84,8357,854],{"class":387},[84,8359,232],{"class":102},[24,8361,265],{},[75,8363,8364],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8365,8366],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8367,8368],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8369,660],{"class":659},[24,8371,8372,8373,6555],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8374,6554],{},[24,8376,8377],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[75,8379,8381],{"className":77,"code":8380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8382,8383,8395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8384,8385,8387,8389,8391,8393],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8386,2329],{"class":90},[84,8388,95],{"class":94},[84,8390,3230],{"class":387},[84,8392,3548],{"class":391},[84,8394,3236],{"class":387},[84,8396,8397,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409,8411],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8398,116],{"class":98},[84,8400,103],{"class":102},[84,8402,2329],{"class":121},[84,8404,4561],{"class":94},[84,8406,3230],{"class":387},[84,8408,3481],{"class":391},[84,8410,854],{"class":387},[84,8412,110],{"class":102},[24,8414,265],{},[75,8416,8417],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8418,8419],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8420,8421],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8422,3913],{"class":659},[1667,8424,8426],{"id":8425},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[24,8428,8429,8431],{},[15,8430,2837],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[75,8433,8435],{"className":77,"code":8434,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8436,8437,8456],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8438,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447,8449,8452,8454],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8440,2329],{"class":90},[84,8442,95],{"class":94},[84,8444,8119],{"class":98},[84,8446,103],{"class":102},[84,8448,854],{"class":387},[84,8450,8451],{"class":391},"Enter yes or no: ",[84,8453,854],{"class":387},[84,8455,110],{"class":102},[84,8457,8458,8460,8462,8464,8466,8468],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8459,116],{"class":98},[84,8461,103],{"class":102},[84,8463,3743],{"class":139},[84,8465,103],{"class":102},[84,8467,2354],{"class":121},[84,8469,232],{"class":102},[24,8471,8148,8472,8475,8476,8478,8479,8156],{},[15,8473,8474],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8477,3481],{}," because ",[15,8480,8481],{},"\"no\"",[24,8483,8484],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[75,8486,8488],{"className":77,"code":8487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8489,8490,8521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504,8506,8509,8512,8515,8518],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8493,2329],{"class":90},[84,8495,95],{"class":94},[84,8497,8119],{"class":98},[84,8499,103],{"class":102},[84,8501,854],{"class":387},[84,8503,8451],{"class":391},[84,8505,854],{"class":387},[84,8507,8508],{"class":102},").",[84,8510,8511],{"class":121},"strip",[84,8513,8514],{"class":102},"().",[84,8516,8517],{"class":121},"lower",[84,8519,8520],{"class":102},"()\n",[84,8522,8523,8525,8527,8529,8531,8533,8536,8538],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8524,116],{"class":98},[84,8526,103],{"class":102},[84,8528,2329],{"class":121},[84,8530,4561],{"class":94},[84,8532,3230],{"class":387},[84,8534,8535],{"class":391},"yes",[84,8537,854],{"class":387},[84,8539,110],{"class":102},[24,8541,8542,8543,8545,8546,425],{},"This gives ",[15,8544,3481],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8547,8535],{},[1667,8549,8551],{"id":8550},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[24,8553,8554],{},"These are different:",[33,8556,8557,8561,8565,8569,8573],{},[36,8558,8559],{},[15,8560,3548],{},[36,8562,8563],{},[15,8564,279],{},[36,8566,8567],{},[15,8568,6144],{},[36,8570,8571],{},[15,8572,3662],{},[36,8574,8575],{},[15,8576,3653],{},[24,8578,8579,8580,8582,8583,8585],{},"They all become ",[15,8581,3548],{}," with ",[15,8584,3688],{},", but they are not the same value.",[24,8587,8588],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[75,8590,8592],{"className":77,"code":8591,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8593,8594,8602,8616],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8595,8596,8598,8600],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8597,2329],{"class":90},[84,8599,95],{"class":94},[84,8601,7716],{"class":102},[84,8603,8604,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8605,116],{"class":98},[84,8607,103],{"class":102},[84,8609,334],{"class":139},[84,8611,103],{"class":102},[84,8613,2354],{"class":121},[84,8615,232],{"class":102},[84,8617,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626,8628],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,8619,116],{"class":98},[84,8621,103],{"class":102},[84,8623,3743],{"class":139},[84,8625,103],{"class":102},[84,8627,2354],{"class":121},[84,8629,232],{"class":102},[24,8631,265],{},[75,8633,8635],{"className":77,"code":8634,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8636,8637,8651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8638,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647,8649],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8640,380],{"class":94},[84,8642,384],{"class":383},[84,8644,388],{"class":387},[84,8646,140],{"class":391},[84,8648,394],{"class":387},[84,8650,397],{"class":94},[84,8652,8653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8654,3913],{"class":659},[1667,8656,1442,8658,8660],{"id":8657},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8659,3667],{}," expecting an empty set",[24,8662,8663,8664,8666],{},"In Python, ",[15,8665,3667],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[75,8668,8670],{"className":77,"code":8669,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8671,8672],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8673,8674,8676,8678,8680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8675,116],{"class":98},[84,8677,103],{"class":102},[84,8679,334],{"class":139},[84,8681,7333],{"class":102},[24,8683,265],{},[75,8685,8687],{"className":77,"code":8686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8688,8689],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8690,8691,8693,8695,8697,8700,8702],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8692,380],{"class":94},[84,8694,384],{"class":383},[84,8696,388],{"class":387},[84,8698,8699],{"class":391},"dict",[84,8701,394],{"class":387},[84,8703,397],{"class":94},[24,8705,8706],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[75,8708,8710],{"className":77,"code":8709,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8711,8712],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8713,8714,8716,8718,8720,8722,8724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8715,116],{"class":98},[84,8717,103],{"class":102},[84,8719,334],{"class":139},[84,8721,103],{"class":102},[84,8723,6159],{"class":139},[84,8725,6162],{"class":102},[24,8727,265],{},[75,8729,8731],{"className":77,"code":8730,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8732,8733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8734,8735,8737,8739,8741,8743,8745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8736,380],{"class":94},[84,8738,384],{"class":383},[84,8740,388],{"class":387},[84,8742,6159],{"class":391},[84,8744,394],{"class":387},[84,8746,397],{"class":94},[70,8748,8750],{"id":8749},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[24,8752,8753,8754,8756],{},"If ",[15,8755,3688],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[75,8758,8760],{"className":77,"code":8759,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8761,8762,8776,8790,8800,8818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8763,8764,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8765,116],{"class":98},[84,8767,103],{"class":102},[84,8769,3743],{"class":139},[84,8771,103],{"class":102},[84,8773,2354],{"class":121},[84,8775,232],{"class":102},[84,8777,8778,8780,8782,8784,8786,8788],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,8779,116],{"class":98},[84,8781,103],{"class":102},[84,8783,334],{"class":139},[84,8785,103],{"class":102},[84,8787,2354],{"class":121},[84,8789,232],{"class":102},[84,8791,8792,8794,8796,8798],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,8793,116],{"class":98},[84,8795,103],{"class":102},[84,8797,2354],{"class":121},[84,8799,110],{"class":102},[84,8801,8802,8804,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,8803,116],{"class":98},[84,8805,103],{"class":102},[84,8807,2329],{"class":121},[84,8809,4561],{"class":94},[84,8811,3230],{"class":387},[84,8813,3481],{"class":391},[84,8815,854],{"class":387},[84,8817,110],{"class":102},[84,8819,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,8821,116],{"class":98},[84,8823,103],{"class":102},[84,8825,2354],{"class":121},[84,8827,425],{"class":102},[84,8829,8511],{"class":121},[84,8831,8514],{"class":102},[84,8833,8517],{"class":121},[84,8835,7069],{"class":102},[24,8837,8838],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[33,8840,8841,8844,8847,8850],{},[36,8842,8843],{},"what the value really is",[36,8845,8846],{},"whether it is a string",[36,8848,8849],{},"whether it contains spaces",[36,8851,8852],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[24,8854,8855,8856,425],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[419,8857,8859],{"href":8858},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[70,8861,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,8863,8865],{"id":8864},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[24,8867,8868,8869,2759,8871,425],{},"It returns either ",[15,8870,3481],{},[15,8872,3548],{},[1667,8874,8876],{"id":8875},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[24,8878,5022,8879,425],{},[15,8880,3548],{},[1667,8882,8884],{"id":8883},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[24,8886,8887,8888,425],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8889,3481],{},[1667,8891,8893],{"id":8892},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[24,8895,8896,8897,425],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8898,3548],{},[1667,8900,8902],{"id":8901},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[24,8904,8905,8906,2759,8908,3612],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8907,3481],{},[15,8909,3548],{},[70,8911,1777],{"id":1776},[33,8913,8914,8919,8923,8928,8932,8937],{},[36,8915,8916],{},[419,8917,8918],{"href":5651},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[36,8920,8921],{},[419,8922,7986],{"href":7985},[36,8924,8925],{},[419,8926,8927],{"href":8096},"Python input() function explained",[36,8929,8930],{},[419,8931,8318],{"href":2180},[36,8933,8934],{},[419,8935,8936],{"href":8858},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,8938,8939],{},[419,8940,8941],{"href":7085},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1814,8943,8944],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":8946},[8947,8948,8949,8950,8951,8952,8958,8964,8965,8973,8974,8981],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":7022,"depth":113,"text":7023},{"id":7089,"depth":113,"text":7090},{"id":7208,"depth":113,"text":7209},{"id":7403,"depth":113,"text":7404},{"id":7635,"depth":113,"text":7636,"children":8953},[8954,8955,8956,8957],{"id":7645,"depth":132,"text":7646},{"id":7743,"depth":132,"text":7744},{"id":7828,"depth":132,"text":7829},{"id":7901,"depth":132,"text":7902},{"id":7989,"depth":113,"text":7990,"children":8959},[8960,8962],{"id":8002,"depth":132,"text":8961},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8042,"depth":132,"text":8963},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8159,"depth":113,"text":8160},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":8966},[8967,8969,8970,8971],{"id":8328,"depth":132,"text":8968},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8425,"depth":132,"text":8426},{"id":8550,"depth":132,"text":8551},{"id":8657,"depth":132,"text":8972},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8749,"depth":113,"text":8750},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":8975},[8976,8977,8978,8979,8980],{"id":8864,"depth":132,"text":8865},{"id":8875,"depth":132,"text":8876},{"id":8883,"depth":132,"text":8884},{"id":8892,"depth":132,"text":8893},{"id":8901,"depth":132,"text":8902},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6849,"description":8982},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8989,"title":8990,"body":8991,"description":11183,"extension":1845,"meta":11184,"navigation":237,"path":11185,"seo":11186,"stem":11187,"__hash__":11188},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8992,"toc":11145},[8993,8999,9005,9012,9017,9028,9035,9144,9148,9217,9222,9227,9232,9235,9246,9251,9254,9265,9272,9274,9279,9283,9308,9312,9321,9325,9388,9392,9425,9429,9474,9478,9515,9519,9522,9578,9582,9628,9631,9636,9675,9679,9702,9705,9719,9732,9736,9741,9808,9812,9848,9851,9859,9862,9926,9930,9962,9968,9970,10030,10037,10040,10118,10122,10155,10159,10162,10206,10210,10246,10249,10266,10269,10272,10325,10328,10339,10346,10355,10358,10416,10420,10461,10468,10476,10481,10489,10501,10506,10517,10590,10593,10605,10621,10625,10630,10634,10636,10679,10685,10688,10751,10755,10758,10767,10772,10809,10813,10816,10824,10827,10866,10870,10873,10924,10928,10949,10956,10958,10964,10990,10993,11047,11050,11061,11063,11070,11078,11084,11089,11096,11099,11106,11113,11115,11142],[10,8994,13,8996,3456],{"id":8995},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8997,8998],{},"dict()",[24,9000,9001,9002,9004],{},"The built-in ",[15,9003,8998],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[24,9006,9007,9008,9011],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[42,9009,9010],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[24,9013,9014,9016],{},[15,9015,8998],{}," is commonly used to:",[33,9018,9019,9022,9025],{},[36,9020,9021],{},"create an empty dictionary",[36,9023,9024],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,9026,9027],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[24,9029,9030,9031,425],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[419,9032,9034],{"href":9033},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[75,9036,9038],{"className":77,"code":9037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9039,9040,9075,9086,9090,9129],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9041,9042,9045,9047,9050,9052,9055,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9068,9070,9073],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9043,9044],{"class":90},"data ",[84,9046,95],{"class":94},[84,9048,9049],{"class":139}," dict",[84,9051,103],{"class":102},[84,9053,7544],{"class":9054},"s99_P",[84,9056,95],{"class":94},[84,9058,394],{"class":387},[84,9060,4877],{"class":391},[84,9062,394],{"class":387},[84,9064,282],{"class":102},[84,9066,9067],{"class":9054}," age",[84,9069,95],{"class":94},[84,9071,9072],{"class":106},"25",[84,9074,110],{"class":102},[84,9076,9077,9079,9081,9084],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9078,116],{"class":98},[84,9080,103],{"class":102},[84,9082,9083],{"class":121},"data",[84,9085,110],{"class":102},[84,9087,9088],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,9089,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,9091,9092,9095,9097,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9113,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,9093,9094],{"class":90},"pairs ",[84,9096,95],{"class":94},[84,9098,9099],{"class":102}," [(",[84,9101,394],{"class":387},[84,9103,419],{"class":391},[84,9105,394],{"class":387},[84,9107,282],{"class":102},[84,9109,299],{"class":106},[84,9111,9112],{"class":102},"),",[84,9114,9115],{"class":102}," (",[84,9117,394],{"class":387},[84,9119,4634],{"class":391},[84,9121,394],{"class":387},[84,9123,282],{"class":102},[84,9125,304],{"class":106},[84,9127,9128],{"class":102},")]\n",[84,9130,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139,9142],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,9132,116],{"class":98},[84,9134,103],{"class":102},[84,9136,8699],{"class":139},[84,9138,103],{"class":102},[84,9140,9141],{"class":121},"pairs",[84,9143,232],{"class":102},[24,9145,9146],{},[42,9147,265],{},[75,9149,9151],{"className":77,"code":9150,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9152,9153,9189],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9154,9155,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9174,9176,9179,9181,9183,9186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9156,9157],{"class":102},"{",[84,9159,394],{"class":387},[84,9161,7544],{"class":391},[84,9163,394],{"class":387},[84,9165,881],{"class":102},[84,9167,388],{"class":387},[84,9169,4877],{"class":391},[84,9171,394],{"class":387},[84,9173,282],{"class":102},[84,9175,388],{"class":387},[84,9177,9178],{"class":391},"age",[84,9180,394],{"class":387},[84,9182,881],{"class":102},[84,9184,9185],{"class":106}," 25",[84,9187,9188],{"class":102},"}\n",[84,9190,9191,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9192,9157],{"class":102},[84,9194,394],{"class":387},[84,9196,419],{"class":391},[84,9198,394],{"class":387},[84,9200,881],{"class":102},[84,9202,299],{"class":106},[84,9204,282],{"class":102},[84,9206,388],{"class":387},[84,9208,4634],{"class":391},[84,9210,394],{"class":387},[84,9212,881],{"class":102},[84,9214,304],{"class":106},[84,9216,9188],{"class":102},[24,9218,153,9219,9221],{},[15,9220,8998],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[70,9223,429,9225,3554],{"id":9224},"what-dict-does",[15,9226,8998],{},[24,9228,9229,9231],{},[15,9230,8998],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[24,9233,9234],{},"A dictionary:",[33,9236,9237,9240,9243],{},[36,9238,9239],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[36,9241,9242],{},"lets you look up values by key",[36,9244,9245],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[24,9247,9248,9250],{},[15,9249,8998],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[24,9252,9253],{},"Common uses include:",[33,9255,9256,9259,9262],{},[36,9257,9258],{},"making an empty dictionary",[36,9260,9261],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[36,9263,9264],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[24,9266,9267,9268,425],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[419,9269,9271],{"href":9270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[70,9273,2038],{"id":2037},[24,9275,9276,9278],{},[15,9277,8998],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1667,9280,9282],{"id":9281},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[75,9284,9286],{"className":77,"code":9285,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9287,9288,9298],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9289,9290,9292,9294,9296],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9291,9044],{"class":90},[84,9293,95],{"class":94},[84,9295,9049],{"class":139},[84,9297,8520],{"class":102},[84,9299,9300,9302,9304,9306],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9301,116],{"class":98},[84,9303,103],{"class":102},[84,9305,9083],{"class":121},[84,9307,110],{"class":102},[24,9309,9310],{},[42,9311,265],{},[75,9313,9315],{"className":77,"code":9314,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{}\n",[15,9316,9317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9318,9319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9320,9314],{"class":102},[1667,9322,9324],{"id":9323},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[75,9326,9328],{"className":77,"code":9327,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9329,9330,9364,9378],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9331,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350,9352,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9333,9094],{"class":90},[84,9335,95],{"class":94},[84,9337,9099],{"class":102},[84,9339,394],{"class":387},[84,9341,419],{"class":391},[84,9343,394],{"class":387},[84,9345,282],{"class":102},[84,9347,299],{"class":106},[84,9349,9112],{"class":102},[84,9351,9115],{"class":102},[84,9353,394],{"class":387},[84,9355,4634],{"class":391},[84,9357,394],{"class":387},[84,9359,282],{"class":102},[84,9361,304],{"class":106},[84,9363,9128],{"class":102},[84,9365,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9367,9044],{"class":90},[84,9369,95],{"class":94},[84,9371,9049],{"class":139},[84,9373,103],{"class":102},[84,9375,9141],{"class":121},[84,9377,110],{"class":102},[84,9379,9380,9382,9384,9386],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,9381,116],{"class":98},[84,9383,103],{"class":102},[84,9385,9083],{"class":121},[84,9387,110],{"class":102},[24,9389,9390],{},[42,9391,265],{},[75,9393,9395],{"className":77,"code":9394,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9396,9397],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9398,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421,9423],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9400,9157],{"class":102},[84,9402,394],{"class":387},[84,9404,419],{"class":391},[84,9406,394],{"class":387},[84,9408,881],{"class":102},[84,9410,299],{"class":106},[84,9412,282],{"class":102},[84,9414,388],{"class":387},[84,9416,4634],{"class":391},[84,9418,394],{"class":387},[84,9420,881],{"class":102},[84,9422,304],{"class":106},[84,9424,9188],{"class":102},[1667,9426,9428],{"id":9427},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[75,9430,9432],{"className":77,"code":9431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9433,9434,9464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9435,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9437,9044],{"class":90},[84,9439,95],{"class":94},[84,9441,9049],{"class":139},[84,9443,103],{"class":102},[84,9445,7544],{"class":9054},[84,9447,95],{"class":94},[84,9449,394],{"class":387},[84,9451,4877],{"class":391},[84,9453,394],{"class":387},[84,9455,282],{"class":102},[84,9457,9067],{"class":9054},[84,9459,95],{"class":94},[84,9461,9072],{"class":106},[84,9463,110],{"class":102},[84,9465,9466,9468,9470,9472],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9467,116],{"class":98},[84,9469,103],{"class":102},[84,9471,9083],{"class":121},[84,9473,110],{"class":102},[24,9475,9476],{},[42,9477,265],{},[75,9479,9481],{"className":77,"code":9480,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9482,9483],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9484,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9486,9157],{"class":102},[84,9488,394],{"class":387},[84,9490,7544],{"class":391},[84,9492,394],{"class":387},[84,9494,881],{"class":102},[84,9496,388],{"class":387},[84,9498,4877],{"class":391},[84,9500,394],{"class":387},[84,9502,282],{"class":102},[84,9504,388],{"class":387},[84,9506,9178],{"class":391},[84,9508,394],{"class":387},[84,9510,881],{"class":102},[84,9512,9185],{"class":106},[84,9514,9188],{"class":102},[1667,9516,9518],{"id":9517},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[24,9520,9521],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[75,9523,9525],{"className":77,"code":9524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9526,9527,9568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9528,9529,9531,9533,9535,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9562,9564,9566],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9530,9044],{"class":90},[84,9532,95],{"class":94},[84,9534,9049],{"class":139},[84,9536,9537],{"class":102},"([(",[84,9539,394],{"class":387},[84,9541,419],{"class":391},[84,9543,394],{"class":387},[84,9545,282],{"class":102},[84,9547,299],{"class":106},[84,9549,9550],{"class":102},")],",[84,9552,2441],{"class":9054},[84,9554,95],{"class":94},[84,9556,568],{"class":106},[84,9558,282],{"class":102},[84,9560,9561],{"class":9054}," c",[84,9563,95],{"class":94},[84,9565,1162],{"class":106},[84,9567,110],{"class":102},[84,9569,9570,9572,9574,9576],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9571,116],{"class":98},[84,9573,103],{"class":102},[84,9575,9083],{"class":121},[84,9577,110],{"class":102},[24,9579,9580],{},[42,9581,265],{},[75,9583,9585],{"className":77,"code":9584,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9586,9587],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9588,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9620,9622,9624,9626],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9590,9157],{"class":102},[84,9592,394],{"class":387},[84,9594,419],{"class":391},[84,9596,394],{"class":387},[84,9598,881],{"class":102},[84,9600,299],{"class":106},[84,9602,282],{"class":102},[84,9604,388],{"class":387},[84,9606,4634],{"class":391},[84,9608,394],{"class":387},[84,9610,881],{"class":102},[84,9612,304],{"class":106},[84,9614,282],{"class":102},[84,9616,388],{"class":387},[84,9618,9619],{"class":391},"c",[84,9621,394],{"class":387},[84,9623,881],{"class":102},[84,9625,309],{"class":106},[84,9627,9188],{"class":102},[70,9629,9282],{"id":9630},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[24,9632,153,9633,9635],{},[15,9634,8998],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[75,9637,9639],{"className":77,"code":9638,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9640,9641,9651,9665],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9642,9643,9645,9647,9649],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9644,9044],{"class":90},[84,9646,95],{"class":94},[84,9648,9049],{"class":139},[84,9650,8520],{"class":102},[84,9652,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9654,116],{"class":98},[84,9656,103],{"class":102},[84,9658,334],{"class":139},[84,9660,103],{"class":102},[84,9662,9083],{"class":121},[84,9664,232],{"class":102},[84,9666,9667,9669,9671,9673],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,9668,116],{"class":98},[84,9670,103],{"class":102},[84,9672,9083],{"class":121},[84,9674,110],{"class":102},[24,9676,9677],{},[42,9678,265],{},[75,9680,9682],{"className":77,"code":9681,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9683,9684,9698],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9685,9686,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9687,380],{"class":94},[84,9689,384],{"class":383},[84,9691,388],{"class":387},[84,9693,8699],{"class":391},[84,9695,394],{"class":387},[84,9697,397],{"class":94},[84,9699,9700],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9701,9314],{"class":102},[24,9703,9704],{},"This gives the same result as:",[75,9706,9708],{"className":77,"code":9707,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n",[15,9709,9710],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9711,9712,9714,9716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9713,9044],{"class":90},[84,9715,95],{"class":94},[84,9717,9718],{"class":102}," {}\n",[24,9720,9721,9722,9724,9725,9728,9729,9731],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9723,3667],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9726,9727],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9730,8998],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[70,9733,9735],{"id":9734},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[24,9737,9738,9739,425],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9740,8998],{},[75,9742,9744],{"className":77,"code":9743,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9745,9746,9784,9798],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9747,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9749,9094],{"class":90},[84,9751,95],{"class":94},[84,9753,9099],{"class":102},[84,9755,394],{"class":387},[84,9757,7544],{"class":391},[84,9759,394],{"class":387},[84,9761,282],{"class":102},[84,9763,388],{"class":387},[84,9765,4877],{"class":391},[84,9767,394],{"class":387},[84,9769,9112],{"class":102},[84,9771,9115],{"class":102},[84,9773,394],{"class":387},[84,9775,9178],{"class":391},[84,9777,394],{"class":387},[84,9779,282],{"class":102},[84,9781,9185],{"class":106},[84,9783,9128],{"class":102},[84,9785,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9787,9044],{"class":90},[84,9789,95],{"class":94},[84,9791,9049],{"class":139},[84,9793,103],{"class":102},[84,9795,9141],{"class":121},[84,9797,110],{"class":102},[84,9799,9800,9802,9804,9806],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,9801,116],{"class":98},[84,9803,103],{"class":102},[84,9805,9083],{"class":121},[84,9807,110],{"class":102},[24,9809,9810],{},[42,9811,265],{},[75,9813,9814],{"className":77,"code":9480,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,9815,9816],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9817,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9819,9157],{"class":102},[84,9821,394],{"class":387},[84,9823,7544],{"class":391},[84,9825,394],{"class":387},[84,9827,881],{"class":102},[84,9829,388],{"class":387},[84,9831,4877],{"class":391},[84,9833,394],{"class":387},[84,9835,282],{"class":102},[84,9837,388],{"class":387},[84,9839,9178],{"class":391},[84,9841,394],{"class":387},[84,9843,881],{"class":102},[84,9845,9185],{"class":106},[84,9847,9188],{"class":102},[24,9849,9850],{},"Each pair becomes:",[33,9852,9853,9856],{},[36,9854,9855],{},"the first item as the key",[36,9857,9858],{},"the second item as the value",[24,9860,9861],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[75,9863,9865],{"className":77,"code":9864,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9866,9867,9902,9916],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9868,9869,9871,9873,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9870,9094],{"class":90},[84,9872,95],{"class":94},[84,9874,9875],{"class":102}," ((",[84,9877,394],{"class":387},[84,9879,419],{"class":391},[84,9881,394],{"class":387},[84,9883,282],{"class":102},[84,9885,299],{"class":106},[84,9887,9112],{"class":102},[84,9889,9115],{"class":102},[84,9891,394],{"class":387},[84,9893,4634],{"class":391},[84,9895,394],{"class":387},[84,9897,282],{"class":102},[84,9899,304],{"class":106},[84,9901,232],{"class":102},[84,9903,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,9905,9044],{"class":90},[84,9907,95],{"class":94},[84,9909,9049],{"class":139},[84,9911,103],{"class":102},[84,9913,9141],{"class":121},[84,9915,110],{"class":102},[84,9917,9918,9920,9922,9924],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,9919,116],{"class":98},[84,9921,103],{"class":102},[84,9923,9083],{"class":121},[84,9925,110],{"class":102},[24,9927,9928],{},[42,9929,265],{},[75,9931,9932],{"className":77,"code":9394,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,9933,9934],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9935,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9937,9157],{"class":102},[84,9939,394],{"class":387},[84,9941,419],{"class":391},[84,9943,394],{"class":387},[84,9945,881],{"class":102},[84,9947,299],{"class":106},[84,9949,282],{"class":102},[84,9951,388],{"class":387},[84,9953,4634],{"class":391},[84,9955,394],{"class":387},[84,9957,881],{"class":102},[84,9959,304],{"class":106},[84,9961,9188],{"class":102},[24,9963,9964,9965,425],{},"Each item must contain ",[42,9966,9967],{},"exactly two elements",[24,9969,2717],{},[75,9971,9973],{"className":77,"code":9972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9974,9975,10015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9976,9977,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9978,9979],{"class":90},"bad_data ",[84,9981,95],{"class":94},[84,9983,9099],{"class":102},[84,9985,394],{"class":387},[84,9987,419],{"class":391},[84,9989,394],{"class":387},[84,9991,282],{"class":102},[84,9993,299],{"class":106},[84,9995,282],{"class":102},[84,9997,9998],{"class":106}," 100",[84,10000,9112],{"class":102},[84,10002,9115],{"class":102},[84,10004,394],{"class":387},[84,10006,4634],{"class":391},[84,10008,394],{"class":387},[84,10010,282],{"class":102},[84,10012,304],{"class":106},[84,10014,9128],{"class":102},[84,10016,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10028],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10018,2110],{"class":90},[84,10020,95],{"class":94},[84,10022,9049],{"class":139},[84,10024,103],{"class":102},[84,10026,10027],{"class":121},"bad_data",[84,10029,110],{"class":102},[24,10031,10032,10033,10036],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10034,10035],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[24,10038,10039],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[75,10041,10043],{"className":77,"code":10042,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10044,10045,10094,10108],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10046,10047,10049,10051,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10048,9094],{"class":90},[84,10050,95],{"class":94},[84,10052,9099],{"class":102},[84,10054,394],{"class":387},[84,10056,419],{"class":391},[84,10058,394],{"class":387},[84,10060,282],{"class":102},[84,10062,299],{"class":106},[84,10064,9112],{"class":102},[84,10066,9115],{"class":102},[84,10068,394],{"class":387},[84,10070,419],{"class":391},[84,10072,394],{"class":387},[84,10074,282],{"class":102},[84,10076,10077],{"class":106}," 99",[84,10079,9112],{"class":102},[84,10081,9115],{"class":102},[84,10083,394],{"class":387},[84,10085,4634],{"class":391},[84,10087,394],{"class":387},[84,10089,282],{"class":102},[84,10091,304],{"class":106},[84,10093,9128],{"class":102},[84,10095,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10097,9044],{"class":90},[84,10099,95],{"class":94},[84,10101,9049],{"class":139},[84,10103,103],{"class":102},[84,10105,9141],{"class":121},[84,10107,110],{"class":102},[84,10109,10110,10112,10114,10116],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,10111,116],{"class":98},[84,10113,103],{"class":102},[84,10115,9083],{"class":121},[84,10117,110],{"class":102},[24,10119,10120],{},[42,10121,265],{},[75,10123,10125],{"className":77,"code":10124,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10126,10127],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10128,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10130,9157],{"class":102},[84,10132,394],{"class":387},[84,10134,419],{"class":391},[84,10136,394],{"class":387},[84,10138,881],{"class":102},[84,10140,10077],{"class":106},[84,10142,282],{"class":102},[84,10144,388],{"class":387},[84,10146,4634],{"class":391},[84,10148,394],{"class":387},[84,10150,881],{"class":102},[84,10152,304],{"class":106},[84,10154,9188],{"class":102},[70,10156,10158],{"id":10157},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[24,10160,10161],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[75,10163,10164],{"className":77,"code":9431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,10165,10166,10196],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10167,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10169,9044],{"class":90},[84,10171,95],{"class":94},[84,10173,9049],{"class":139},[84,10175,103],{"class":102},[84,10177,7544],{"class":9054},[84,10179,95],{"class":94},[84,10181,394],{"class":387},[84,10183,4877],{"class":391},[84,10185,394],{"class":387},[84,10187,282],{"class":102},[84,10189,9067],{"class":9054},[84,10191,95],{"class":94},[84,10193,9072],{"class":106},[84,10195,110],{"class":102},[84,10197,10198,10200,10202,10204],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10199,116],{"class":98},[84,10201,103],{"class":102},[84,10203,9083],{"class":121},[84,10205,110],{"class":102},[24,10207,10208],{},[42,10209,265],{},[75,10211,10212],{"className":77,"code":9480,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,10213,10214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10217,9157],{"class":102},[84,10219,394],{"class":387},[84,10221,7544],{"class":391},[84,10223,394],{"class":387},[84,10225,881],{"class":102},[84,10227,388],{"class":387},[84,10229,4877],{"class":391},[84,10231,394],{"class":387},[84,10233,282],{"class":102},[84,10235,388],{"class":387},[84,10237,9178],{"class":391},[84,10239,394],{"class":387},[84,10241,881],{"class":102},[84,10243,9185],{"class":106},[84,10245,9188],{"class":102},[24,10247,10248],{},"In this form:",[33,10250,10251,10259],{},[36,10252,10253,10255,10256],{},[15,10254,7544],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10257,10258],{},"'name'",[36,10260,10261,10255,10263],{},[15,10262,9178],{},[15,10264,10265],{},"'age'",[24,10267,10268],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[24,10270,10271],{},"Valid examples:",[75,10273,10275],{"className":77,"code":10274,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10276,10277,10315],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10278,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10290,10292,10294,10297,10299,10301,10304,10306,10308,10311,10313],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10280,9044],{"class":90},[84,10282,95],{"class":94},[84,10284,9049],{"class":139},[84,10286,103],{"class":102},[84,10288,10289],{"class":9054},"city",[84,10291,95],{"class":94},[84,10293,394],{"class":387},[84,10295,10296],{"class":391},"Paris",[84,10298,394],{"class":387},[84,10300,282],{"class":102},[84,10302,10303],{"class":9054}," country",[84,10305,95],{"class":94},[84,10307,394],{"class":387},[84,10309,10310],{"class":391},"France",[84,10312,394],{"class":387},[84,10314,110],{"class":102},[84,10316,10317,10319,10321,10323],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10318,116],{"class":98},[84,10320,103],{"class":102},[84,10322,9083],{"class":121},[84,10324,110],{"class":102},[24,10326,10327],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[33,10329,10330,10333,10336],{},[36,10331,10332],{},"spaces",[36,10334,10335],{},"hyphens",[36,10337,10338],{},"names that start with numbers",[24,10340,10341,10342,10345],{},"For example, this is ",[42,10343,10344],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[75,10347,10349],{"className":77,"code":10348,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10350,10351],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10352,10353],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10354,10348],{"class":128},[24,10356,10357],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[75,10359,10361],{"className":77,"code":10360,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10362,10363,10406],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10364,10365,10367,10369,10372,10374,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10366,9044],{"class":90},[84,10368,95],{"class":94},[84,10370,10371],{"class":102}," {",[84,10373,394],{"class":387},[84,10375,10376],{"class":391},"first-name",[84,10378,394],{"class":387},[84,10380,881],{"class":102},[84,10382,388],{"class":387},[84,10384,7553],{"class":391},[84,10386,394],{"class":387},[84,10388,282],{"class":102},[84,10390,388],{"class":387},[84,10392,10393],{"class":391},"first name",[84,10395,394],{"class":387},[84,10397,881],{"class":102},[84,10399,388],{"class":387},[84,10401,7553],{"class":391},[84,10403,394],{"class":387},[84,10405,9188],{"class":102},[84,10407,10408,10410,10412,10414],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10409,116],{"class":98},[84,10411,103],{"class":102},[84,10413,9083],{"class":121},[84,10415,110],{"class":102},[24,10417,10418],{},[42,10419,265],{},[75,10421,10423],{"className":77,"code":10422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10424,10425],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10426,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10428,9157],{"class":102},[84,10430,394],{"class":387},[84,10432,10376],{"class":391},[84,10434,394],{"class":387},[84,10436,881],{"class":102},[84,10438,388],{"class":387},[84,10440,7553],{"class":391},[84,10442,394],{"class":387},[84,10444,282],{"class":102},[84,10446,388],{"class":387},[84,10448,10393],{"class":391},[84,10450,394],{"class":387},[84,10452,881],{"class":102},[84,10454,388],{"class":387},[84,10456,7553],{"class":391},[84,10458,394],{"class":387},[84,10460,9188],{"class":102},[70,10462,10464,18,10466],{"id":10463},"dict-vs",[15,10465,8998],{},[15,10467,3667],{},[24,10469,10470,10471,28,10473,10475],{},"Both ",[15,10472,8998],{},[15,10474,3667],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1667,10477,153,10479,799],{"id":10478},"use-when",[15,10480,3667],{},[33,10482,10483,10486],{},[36,10484,10485],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[36,10487,10488],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[75,10490,10491],{"className":77,"code":9707,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,10492,10493],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10494,10495,10497,10499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10496,9044],{"class":90},[84,10498,95],{"class":94},[84,10500,9718],{"class":102},[1667,10502,153,10504,799],{"id":10503},"use-dict-when",[15,10505,8998],{},[33,10507,10508,10511,10514],{},[36,10509,10510],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,10512,10513],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[36,10515,10516],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[75,10518,10520],{"className":77,"code":10519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10521,10522,10559],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10523,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10525,9044],{"class":90},[84,10527,95],{"class":94},[84,10529,9049],{"class":139},[84,10531,9537],{"class":102},[84,10533,394],{"class":387},[84,10535,419],{"class":391},[84,10537,394],{"class":387},[84,10539,282],{"class":102},[84,10541,299],{"class":106},[84,10543,9112],{"class":102},[84,10545,9115],{"class":102},[84,10547,394],{"class":387},[84,10549,4634],{"class":391},[84,10551,394],{"class":387},[84,10553,282],{"class":102},[84,10555,304],{"class":106},[84,10557,10558],{"class":102},")])\n",[84,10560,10561,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10562,10563],{"class":90},"info ",[84,10565,95],{"class":94},[84,10567,9049],{"class":139},[84,10569,103],{"class":102},[84,10571,7544],{"class":9054},[84,10573,95],{"class":94},[84,10575,394],{"class":387},[84,10577,4877],{"class":391},[84,10579,394],{"class":387},[84,10581,282],{"class":102},[84,10583,9067],{"class":9054},[84,10585,95],{"class":94},[84,10587,9072],{"class":106},[84,10589,110],{"class":102},[24,10591,10592],{},"So:",[33,10594,10595,10600],{},[36,10596,10597,10599],{},[15,10598,3667],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[36,10601,10602,10604],{},[15,10603,8998],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[24,10606,10607,10608,10612,10613,425],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[419,10609,10611],{"href":10610},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[419,10614,10616,10617,10620],{"href":10615},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10618,10619],{},"get()"," method",[70,10622,10624],{"id":10623},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[24,10626,10627,10628,425],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10629,8998],{},[1667,10631,10633],{"id":10632},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[24,10635,4400],{},[75,10637,10639],{"className":77,"code":10638,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10640,10641,10665],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10642,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10644,7656],{"class":90},[84,10646,95],{"class":94},[84,10648,3498],{"class":102},[84,10650,394],{"class":387},[84,10652,419],{"class":391},[84,10654,394],{"class":387},[84,10656,282],{"class":102},[84,10658,388],{"class":387},[84,10660,4634],{"class":391},[84,10662,394],{"class":387},[84,10664,317],{"class":102},[84,10666,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10668,9044],{"class":90},[84,10670,95],{"class":94},[84,10672,9049],{"class":139},[84,10674,103],{"class":102},[84,10676,7687],{"class":121},[84,10678,110],{"class":102},[24,10680,10681,10682,425],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10683,10684],{},"('a', 1)",[24,10686,10687],{},"Correct version:",[75,10689,10691],{"className":77,"code":10690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10692,10693,10727,10741],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10694,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10696,7656],{"class":90},[84,10698,95],{"class":94},[84,10700,9099],{"class":102},[84,10702,394],{"class":387},[84,10704,419],{"class":391},[84,10706,394],{"class":387},[84,10708,282],{"class":102},[84,10710,299],{"class":106},[84,10712,9112],{"class":102},[84,10714,9115],{"class":102},[84,10716,394],{"class":387},[84,10718,4634],{"class":391},[84,10720,394],{"class":387},[84,10722,282],{"class":102},[84,10724,304],{"class":106},[84,10726,9128],{"class":102},[84,10728,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10730,9044],{"class":90},[84,10732,95],{"class":94},[84,10734,9049],{"class":139},[84,10736,103],{"class":102},[84,10738,7687],{"class":121},[84,10740,110],{"class":102},[84,10742,10743,10745,10747,10749],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,10744,116],{"class":98},[84,10746,103],{"class":102},[84,10748,9083],{"class":121},[84,10750,110],{"class":102},[1667,10752,10754],{"id":10753},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[24,10756,10757],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[75,10759,10761],{"className":77,"code":10760,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10762,10763],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10764,10765],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10766,10760],{"class":128},[24,10768,10769,10770,881],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10771,95],{},[75,10773,10775],{"className":77,"code":10774,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10776,10777,10799],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10778,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10780,9044],{"class":90},[84,10782,95],{"class":94},[84,10784,9049],{"class":139},[84,10786,103],{"class":102},[84,10788,7544],{"class":9054},[84,10790,95],{"class":94},[84,10792,394],{"class":387},[84,10794,4877],{"class":391},[84,10796,394],{"class":387},[84,10798,110],{"class":102},[84,10800,10801,10803,10805,10807],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10802,116],{"class":98},[84,10804,103],{"class":102},[84,10806,9083],{"class":121},[84,10808,110],{"class":102},[1667,10810,10812],{"id":10811},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[24,10814,10815],{},"This will not work:",[75,10817,10818],{"className":77,"code":10348,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,10819,10820],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10821,10822],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10823,10348],{"class":128},[24,10825,10826],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[75,10828,10830],{"className":77,"code":10829,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10831,10832,10856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10833,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10835,9044],{"class":90},[84,10837,95],{"class":94},[84,10839,10371],{"class":102},[84,10841,394],{"class":387},[84,10843,10376],{"class":391},[84,10845,394],{"class":387},[84,10847,881],{"class":102},[84,10849,388],{"class":387},[84,10851,7553],{"class":391},[84,10853,394],{"class":387},[84,10855,9188],{"class":102},[84,10857,10858,10860,10862,10864],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10859,116],{"class":98},[84,10861,103],{"class":102},[84,10863,9083],{"class":121},[84,10865,110],{"class":102},[1667,10867,10869],{"id":10868},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[24,10871,10872],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[75,10874,10876],{"className":77,"code":10875,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10877,10878,10914],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10879,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10881,9044],{"class":90},[84,10883,95],{"class":94},[84,10885,9049],{"class":139},[84,10887,9537],{"class":102},[84,10889,394],{"class":387},[84,10891,2055],{"class":391},[84,10893,394],{"class":387},[84,10895,282],{"class":102},[84,10897,299],{"class":106},[84,10899,9112],{"class":102},[84,10901,9115],{"class":102},[84,10903,394],{"class":387},[84,10905,2055],{"class":391},[84,10907,394],{"class":387},[84,10909,282],{"class":102},[84,10911,304],{"class":106},[84,10913,10558],{"class":102},[84,10915,10916,10918,10920,10922],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,10917,116],{"class":98},[84,10919,103],{"class":102},[84,10921,9083],{"class":121},[84,10923,110],{"class":102},[24,10925,10926],{},[42,10927,265],{},[75,10929,10931],{"className":77,"code":10930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10932,10933],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10934,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10936,9157],{"class":102},[84,10938,394],{"class":387},[84,10940,2055],{"class":391},[84,10942,394],{"class":387},[84,10944,881],{"class":102},[84,10946,304],{"class":106},[84,10948,9188],{"class":102},[24,10950,10951,10952,425],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[419,10953,10955],{"href":10954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[70,10957,1434],{"id":1433},[24,10959,10960,10961,10963],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10962,8998],{}," include:",[33,10965,10966,10975,10981,10984],{},[36,10967,10968,10969,1686,10972],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10970,10971],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,10973,10974],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[36,10976,10977,10978],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10979,10980],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[36,10982,10983],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[36,10985,10986,10987,10989],{},"confusing ",[15,10988,8998],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[24,10991,10992],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[75,10994,10996],{"className":77,"code":10995,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10997,10998,11012,11022,11033],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10999,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11001,116],{"class":98},[84,11003,103],{"class":102},[84,11005,334],{"class":139},[84,11007,103],{"class":102},[84,11009,9083],{"class":121},[84,11011,232],{"class":102},[84,11013,11014,11016,11018,11020],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11015,116],{"class":98},[84,11017,103],{"class":102},[84,11019,9083],{"class":121},[84,11021,110],{"class":102},[84,11023,11024,11026,11028,11031],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,11025,116],{"class":98},[84,11027,103],{"class":102},[84,11029,11030],{"class":121},"list_of_pairs",[84,11032,110],{"class":102},[84,11034,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,11036,116],{"class":98},[84,11038,103],{"class":102},[84,11040,602],{"class":98},[84,11042,103],{"class":102},[84,11044,11030],{"class":121},[84,11046,232],{"class":102},[24,11048,11049],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[33,11051,11052,11055,11058],{},[36,11053,11054],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[36,11056,11057],{},"what data is being passed in",[36,11059,11060],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[70,11062,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,11064,5053,11066,28,11068,1689],{"id":11065},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11067,8998],{},[15,11069,3667],{},[24,11071,11072,11074,11075,11077],{},[15,11073,3667],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11076,8998],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1667,11079,5043,11081,11083],{"id":11080},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11082,8998],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[24,11085,11086,11087,425],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11088,10974],{},[1667,11090,1753,11092,11095],{"id":11091},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11093,11094],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[24,11097,11098],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1667,11100,11102,11103,11105],{"id":11101},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11104,8998],{}," keyword arguments?",[24,11107,11108,11109,11112],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11110,11111],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[70,11114,1777],{"id":1776},[33,11116,11117,11122,11126,11131,11137],{},[36,11118,11119],{},[419,11120,11121],{"href":9270},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[36,11123,11124],{},[419,11125,9034],{"href":9033},[36,11127,11128],{},[419,11129,11130],{"href":10610},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,11132,11133],{},[419,11134,10616,11135,10620],{"href":10615},[15,11136,10619],{},[36,11138,11139],{},[419,11140,11141],{"href":10954},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1814,11143,11144],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":11146},[11147,11149,11155,11156,11157,11158,11165,11171,11172,11182],{"id":9224,"depth":113,"text":11148},"What dict() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":11150},[11151,11152,11153,11154],{"id":9281,"depth":132,"text":9282},{"id":9323,"depth":132,"text":9324},{"id":9427,"depth":132,"text":9428},{"id":9517,"depth":132,"text":9518},{"id":9630,"depth":113,"text":9282},{"id":9734,"depth":113,"text":9735},{"id":10157,"depth":113,"text":10158},{"id":10463,"depth":113,"text":11159,"children":11160},"dict() vs {}",[11161,11163],{"id":10478,"depth":132,"text":11162},"Use {} when:",{"id":10503,"depth":132,"text":11164},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10623,"depth":113,"text":10624,"children":11166},[11167,11168,11169,11170],{"id":10632,"depth":132,"text":10633},{"id":10753,"depth":132,"text":10754},{"id":10811,"depth":132,"text":10812},{"id":10868,"depth":132,"text":10869},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":11173},[11174,11176,11178,11180],{"id":11065,"depth":132,"text":11175},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11080,"depth":132,"text":11177},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11091,"depth":132,"text":11179},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11101,"depth":132,"text":11181},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8990,"description":11183},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11190,"title":11191,"body":11192,"description":12704,"extension":1845,"meta":12705,"navigation":237,"path":12706,"seo":12707,"stem":12708,"__hash__":12709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11193,"toc":12673},[11194,11202,11208,11215,11217,11278,11283,11288,11293,11311,11314,11318,11320,11336,11339,11352,11356,11359,11493,11495,11562,11565,11581,11587,11593,11596,11678,11680,11694,11698,11704,11769,11771,11779,11782,11805,11811,11874,11880,11883,11897,11910,11914,11925,11930,11941,11948,11952,11958,12080,12082,12108,12111,12128,12131,12242,12244,12293,12295,12308,12317,12322,12327,12338,12340,12443,12466,12468,12472,12491,12494,12552,12555,12581,12583,12590,12593,12599,12603,12610,12618,12624,12627,12629,12670],[10,11195,11197,11198,11201],{"id":11196},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11199,11200],{},"clear()"," Method",[24,11203,11204,11207],{},[15,11205,11206],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[24,11209,11210,11211,11214],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[42,11212,11213],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[70,11216,1887],{"id":1886},[75,11218,11220],{"className":77,"code":11219,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11221,11222,11254,11265],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11223,11224,11226,11228,11230,11232,11234,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11225,9044],{"class":90},[84,11227,95],{"class":94},[84,11229,10371],{"class":102},[84,11231,854],{"class":387},[84,11233,419],{"class":391},[84,11235,854],{"class":387},[84,11237,881],{"class":102},[84,11239,299],{"class":106},[84,11241,282],{"class":102},[84,11243,3230],{"class":387},[84,11245,4634],{"class":391},[84,11247,854],{"class":387},[84,11249,881],{"class":102},[84,11251,304],{"class":106},[84,11253,9188],{"class":102},[84,11255,11256,11258,11260,11263],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11257,9083],{"class":90},[84,11259,425],{"class":102},[84,11261,11262],{"class":121},"clear",[84,11264,8520],{"class":102},[84,11266,11267,11269,11271,11273,11275],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,11268,116],{"class":98},[84,11270,103],{"class":102},[84,11272,9083],{"class":121},[84,11274,125],{"class":102},[84,11276,11277],{"class":128},"  # {}\n",[24,11279,11280,11282],{},[15,11281,11200],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[70,11284,429,11286,3554],{"id":11285},"what-clear-does",[15,11287,11200],{},[24,11289,1862,11290,11292],{},[15,11291,11200],{}," method:",[33,11294,11295,11298,11301,11306],{},[36,11296,11297],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[36,11299,11300],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[36,11302,11303,11304],{},"Returns ",[15,11305,3653],{},[36,11307,11308,11309],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11310,3667],{},[24,11312,11313],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[24,11315,9030,11316,425],{},[419,11317,9034],{"href":9033},[70,11319,2038],{"id":2037},[75,11321,11323],{"className":77,"code":11322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11324,11325],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11326,11327,11330,11332,11334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11328,11329],{"class":90},"my_dict",[84,11331,425],{"class":102},[84,11333,11262],{"class":121},[84,11335,8520],{"class":102},[24,11337,11338],{},"Important points:",[33,11340,11341,11346,11349],{},[36,11342,11343,11345],{},[15,11344,11200],{}," takes no arguments",[36,11347,11348],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[36,11350,11351],{},"It empties that dictionary",[70,11353,11355],{"id":11354},"simple-example","Simple example",[24,11357,11358],{},"Here is a basic example:",[75,11360,11362],{"className":77,"code":11361,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11363,11364,11374,11395,11409,11426,11430,11434,11454,11458,11469,11473],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11365,11366,11369,11371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11367,11368],{"class":90},"user ",[84,11370,95],{"class":94},[84,11372,11373],{"class":102}," {\n",[84,11375,11376,11379,11381,11383,11385,11387,11390,11392],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11377,11378],{"class":387},"    \"",[84,11380,7544],{"class":391},[84,11382,854],{"class":387},[84,11384,881],{"class":102},[84,11386,3230],{"class":387},[84,11388,11389],{"class":391},"Maya",[84,11391,854],{"class":387},[84,11393,11394],{"class":102},",\n",[84,11396,11397,11399,11401,11403,11405,11407],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,11398,11378],{"class":387},[84,11400,9178],{"class":391},[84,11402,854],{"class":387},[84,11404,881],{"class":102},[84,11406,9185],{"class":106},[84,11408,11394],{"class":102},[84,11410,11411,11413,11415,11417,11419,11421,11424],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,11412,11378],{"class":387},[84,11414,10289],{"class":391},[84,11416,854],{"class":387},[84,11418,881],{"class":102},[84,11420,3230],{"class":387},[84,11422,11423],{"class":391},"Berlin",[84,11425,3236],{"class":387},[84,11427,11428],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,11429,9188],{"class":102},[84,11431,11432],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,11433,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,11435,11436,11438,11440,11442,11445,11447,11449,11452],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,11437,116],{"class":98},[84,11439,103],{"class":102},[84,11441,854],{"class":387},[84,11443,11444],{"class":391},"Before:",[84,11446,854],{"class":387},[84,11448,282],{"class":102},[84,11450,11451],{"class":121}," user",[84,11453,110],{"class":102},[84,11455,11456],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,11457,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,11459,11460,11463,11465,11467],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,11461,11462],{"class":90},"user",[84,11464,425],{"class":102},[84,11466,11262],{"class":121},[84,11468,8520],{"class":102},[84,11470,11471],{"class":86,"line":6310},[84,11472,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11485,11487,11489,11491],{"class":86,"line":11475},11,[84,11477,116],{"class":98},[84,11479,103],{"class":102},[84,11481,854],{"class":387},[84,11483,11484],{"class":391},"After:",[84,11486,854],{"class":387},[84,11488,282],{"class":102},[84,11490,11451],{"class":121},[84,11492,110],{"class":102},[24,11494,5433],{},[75,11496,11498],{"className":77,"code":11497,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11499,11500,11553],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11501,11502,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549,11551],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11503,11504],{"class":90},"Before",[84,11506,881],{"class":102},[84,11508,10371],{"class":102},[84,11510,394],{"class":387},[84,11512,7544],{"class":391},[84,11514,394],{"class":387},[84,11516,881],{"class":102},[84,11518,388],{"class":387},[84,11520,11389],{"class":391},[84,11522,394],{"class":387},[84,11524,282],{"class":102},[84,11526,388],{"class":387},[84,11528,9178],{"class":391},[84,11530,394],{"class":387},[84,11532,881],{"class":102},[84,11534,9185],{"class":106},[84,11536,282],{"class":102},[84,11538,388],{"class":387},[84,11540,10289],{"class":391},[84,11542,394],{"class":387},[84,11544,881],{"class":102},[84,11546,388],{"class":387},[84,11548,11423],{"class":391},[84,11550,394],{"class":387},[84,11552,9188],{"class":102},[84,11554,11555,11558,11560],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11556,11557],{"class":90},"After",[84,11559,881],{"class":102},[84,11561,9718],{"class":102},[24,11563,11564],{},"What happens here:",[33,11566,11567,11572,11578],{},[36,11568,11569,11571],{},[15,11570,11462],{}," starts with three items",[36,11573,11574,11577],{},[15,11575,11576],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[36,11579,11580],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[70,11582,429,11584,11586],{"id":11583},"what-clear-returns",[15,11585,11200],{}," returns",[24,11588,11589,2279,11591,425],{},[15,11590,11200],{},[15,11592,3653],{},[24,11594,11595],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[75,11597,11599],{"className":77,"code":11598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11600,11601,11635,11639,11654,11658,11668],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11602,11603,11606,11608,11610,11612,11614,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11627,11629,11631,11633],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11604,11605],{"class":90},"my_dict ",[84,11607,95],{"class":94},[84,11609,10371],{"class":102},[84,11611,854],{"class":387},[84,11613,2055],{"class":391},[84,11615,854],{"class":387},[84,11617,881],{"class":102},[84,11619,299],{"class":106},[84,11621,282],{"class":102},[84,11623,3230],{"class":387},[84,11625,11626],{"class":391},"y",[84,11628,854],{"class":387},[84,11630,881],{"class":102},[84,11632,304],{"class":106},[84,11634,9188],{"class":102},[84,11636,11637],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11638,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,11640,11641,11643,11645,11648,11650,11652],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,11642,2110],{"class":90},[84,11644,95],{"class":94},[84,11646,11647],{"class":90}," my_dict",[84,11649,425],{"class":102},[84,11651,11262],{"class":121},[84,11653,8520],{"class":102},[84,11655,11656],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,11657,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,11659,11660,11662,11664,11666],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,11661,116],{"class":98},[84,11663,103],{"class":102},[84,11665,2145],{"class":121},[84,11667,110],{"class":102},[84,11669,11670,11672,11674,11676],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,11671,116],{"class":98},[84,11673,103],{"class":102},[84,11675,11329],{"class":121},[84,11677,110],{"class":102},[24,11679,265],{},[75,11681,11683],{"className":77,"code":11682,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n{}\n",[15,11684,11685,11690],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11686,11687],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11688,11689],{"class":659},"None\n",[84,11691,11692],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11693,9314],{"class":102},[1667,11695,11697],{"id":11696},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[24,11699,11700,11701,11703],{},"Do ",[42,11702,1367],{}," do this:",[75,11705,11707],{"className":77,"code":11706,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11708,11709,11741,11755,11759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11710,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11712,11605],{"class":90},[84,11714,95],{"class":94},[84,11716,10371],{"class":102},[84,11718,854],{"class":387},[84,11720,2055],{"class":391},[84,11722,854],{"class":387},[84,11724,881],{"class":102},[84,11726,299],{"class":106},[84,11728,282],{"class":102},[84,11730,3230],{"class":387},[84,11732,11626],{"class":391},[84,11734,854],{"class":387},[84,11736,881],{"class":102},[84,11738,304],{"class":106},[84,11740,9188],{"class":102},[84,11742,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11744,11605],{"class":90},[84,11746,95],{"class":94},[84,11748,11647],{"class":90},[84,11750,425],{"class":102},[84,11752,11262],{"class":121},[84,11754,8520],{"class":102},[84,11756,11757],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,11758,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,11760,11761,11763,11765,11767],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,11762,116],{"class":98},[84,11764,103],{"class":102},[84,11766,11329],{"class":121},[84,11768,110],{"class":102},[24,11770,265],{},[75,11772,11773],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,11774,11775],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11776,11777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11778,11689],{"class":659},[24,11780,11781],{},"Why this happens:",[33,11783,11784,11790,11795],{},[36,11785,11786,11789],{},[15,11787,11788],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[36,11791,11792,11793],{},"The method returns ",[15,11794,3653],{},[36,11796,11797,11798,11801,11802,11804],{},"Then ",[15,11799,11800],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11803,3653],{}," in the variable",[24,11806,11807,11808,11810],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11809,11200],{}," by itself:",[75,11812,11814],{"className":77,"code":11813,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11815,11816,11848,11858,11862],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11817,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11819,11605],{"class":90},[84,11821,95],{"class":94},[84,11823,10371],{"class":102},[84,11825,854],{"class":387},[84,11827,2055],{"class":391},[84,11829,854],{"class":387},[84,11831,881],{"class":102},[84,11833,299],{"class":106},[84,11835,282],{"class":102},[84,11837,3230],{"class":387},[84,11839,11626],{"class":391},[84,11841,854],{"class":387},[84,11843,881],{"class":102},[84,11845,304],{"class":106},[84,11847,9188],{"class":102},[84,11849,11850,11852,11854,11856],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11851,11329],{"class":90},[84,11853,425],{"class":102},[84,11855,11262],{"class":121},[84,11857,8520],{"class":102},[84,11859,11860],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,11861,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,11863,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,11865,116],{"class":98},[84,11867,103],{"class":102},[84,11869,11329],{"class":121},[84,11871,125],{"class":102},[84,11873,11277],{"class":128},[70,11875,11877,11879],{"id":11876},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11878,11200],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[24,11881,11882],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[75,11884,11885],{"className":77,"code":11322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,11886,11887],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11888,11889,11891,11893,11895],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11890,11329],{"class":90},[84,11892,425],{"class":102},[84,11894,11262],{"class":121},[84,11896,8520],{"class":102},[75,11898,11900],{"className":77,"code":11899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11901,11902],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11903,11904,11906,11908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11905,11605],{"class":90},[84,11907,95],{"class":94},[84,11909,9718],{"class":102},[1667,11911,11912],{"id":11262},[15,11913,11200],{},[33,11915,11916,11919,11922],{},[36,11917,11918],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[36,11920,11921],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[36,11923,11924],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1667,11926,11927],{"id":11329},[15,11928,11929],{},"my_dict = {}",[33,11931,11932,11935,11938],{},[36,11933,11934],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[36,11936,11937],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[36,11939,11940],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[24,11942,11943,11944,425],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[419,11945,11947],{"href":11946},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[70,11949,11951],{"id":11950},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[24,11953,11954,11955,11957],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11956,11200],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[75,11959,11961],{"className":77,"code":11960,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11962,11963,11996,12006,12010,12021,12025,12045,12065],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11964,11965,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11966,11967],{"class":90},"original ",[84,11969,95],{"class":94},[84,11971,10371],{"class":102},[84,11973,854],{"class":387},[84,11975,419],{"class":391},[84,11977,854],{"class":387},[84,11979,881],{"class":102},[84,11981,299],{"class":106},[84,11983,282],{"class":102},[84,11985,3230],{"class":387},[84,11987,4634],{"class":391},[84,11989,854],{"class":387},[84,11991,881],{"class":102},[84,11993,304],{"class":106},[84,11995,9188],{"class":102},[84,11997,11998,12001,12003],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,11999,12000],{"class":90},"other_ref ",[84,12002,95],{"class":94},[84,12004,12005],{"class":90}," original\n",[84,12007,12008],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,12009,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,12011,12012,12015,12017,12019],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,12013,12014],{"class":90},"original",[84,12016,425],{"class":102},[84,12018,11262],{"class":121},[84,12020,8520],{"class":102},[84,12022,12023],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,12024,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,12026,12027,12029,12031,12033,12036,12038,12040,12043],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,12028,116],{"class":98},[84,12030,103],{"class":102},[84,12032,854],{"class":387},[84,12034,12035],{"class":391},"original:",[84,12037,854],{"class":387},[84,12039,282],{"class":102},[84,12041,12042],{"class":121}," original",[84,12044,110],{"class":102},[84,12046,12047,12049,12051,12053,12056,12058,12060,12063],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,12048,116],{"class":98},[84,12050,103],{"class":102},[84,12052,854],{"class":387},[84,12054,12055],{"class":391},"other_ref:",[84,12057,854],{"class":387},[84,12059,282],{"class":102},[84,12061,12062],{"class":121}," other_ref",[84,12064,110],{"class":102},[84,12066,12067,12069,12071,12073,12076,12078],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,12068,116],{"class":98},[84,12070,103],{"class":102},[84,12072,11967],{"class":121},[84,12074,12075],{"class":470},"is",[84,12077,12062],{"class":121},[84,12079,110],{"class":102},[24,12081,265],{},[75,12083,12085],{"className":77,"code":12084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12086,12087,12095,12104],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12088,12089,12091,12093],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12090,12014],{"class":90},[84,12092,881],{"class":102},[84,12094,9718],{"class":102},[84,12096,12097,12100,12102],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,12098,12099],{"class":90},"other_ref",[84,12101,881],{"class":102},[84,12103,9718],{"class":102},[84,12105,12106],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,12107,660],{"class":659},[24,12109,12110],{},"This shows:",[33,12112,12113,12120,12125],{},[36,12114,12115,28,12117,12119],{},[15,12116,12014],{},[15,12118,12099],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[36,12121,12122,12124],{},[15,12123,11200],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[36,12126,12127],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[24,12129,12130],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[75,12132,12134],{"className":77,"code":12133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12135,12136,12168,12176,12180,12188,12192,12210,12228],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12137,12138,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12139,11967],{"class":90},[84,12141,95],{"class":94},[84,12143,10371],{"class":102},[84,12145,854],{"class":387},[84,12147,419],{"class":391},[84,12149,854],{"class":387},[84,12151,881],{"class":102},[84,12153,299],{"class":106},[84,12155,282],{"class":102},[84,12157,3230],{"class":387},[84,12159,4634],{"class":391},[84,12161,854],{"class":387},[84,12163,881],{"class":102},[84,12165,304],{"class":106},[84,12167,9188],{"class":102},[84,12169,12170,12172,12174],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,12171,12000],{"class":90},[84,12173,95],{"class":94},[84,12175,12005],{"class":90},[84,12177,12178],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,12179,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,12181,12182,12184,12186],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,12183,11967],{"class":90},[84,12185,95],{"class":94},[84,12187,9718],{"class":102},[84,12189,12190],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,12191,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,12193,12194,12196,12198,12200,12202,12204,12206,12208],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,12195,116],{"class":98},[84,12197,103],{"class":102},[84,12199,854],{"class":387},[84,12201,12035],{"class":391},[84,12203,854],{"class":387},[84,12205,282],{"class":102},[84,12207,12042],{"class":121},[84,12209,110],{"class":102},[84,12211,12212,12214,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,12213,116],{"class":98},[84,12215,103],{"class":102},[84,12217,854],{"class":387},[84,12219,12055],{"class":391},[84,12221,854],{"class":387},[84,12223,282],{"class":102},[84,12225,12062],{"class":121},[84,12227,110],{"class":102},[84,12229,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238,12240],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,12231,116],{"class":98},[84,12233,103],{"class":102},[84,12235,11967],{"class":121},[84,12237,12075],{"class":470},[84,12239,12062],{"class":121},[84,12241,110],{"class":102},[24,12243,265],{},[75,12245,12247],{"className":77,"code":12246,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12248,12249,12257,12289],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12250,12251,12253,12255],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12252,12014],{"class":90},[84,12254,881],{"class":102},[84,12256,9718],{"class":102},[84,12258,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281,12283,12285,12287],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,12260,12099],{"class":90},[84,12262,881],{"class":102},[84,12264,10371],{"class":102},[84,12266,394],{"class":387},[84,12268,419],{"class":391},[84,12270,394],{"class":387},[84,12272,881],{"class":102},[84,12274,299],{"class":106},[84,12276,282],{"class":102},[84,12278,388],{"class":387},[84,12280,4634],{"class":391},[84,12282,394],{"class":387},[84,12284,881],{"class":102},[84,12286,304],{"class":106},[84,12288,9188],{"class":102},[84,12290,12291],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,12292,3913],{"class":659},[24,12294,2060],{},[33,12296,12297,12303],{},[36,12298,12299,12302],{},[15,12300,12301],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[36,12304,12305,12307],{},[15,12306,12099],{}," still points to the old one",[24,12309,12310,12311,425],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[419,12312,12314],{"href":12313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12315,12316],{},"dict.copy()",[70,12318,792,12320],{"id":12319},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12321,11200],{},[24,12323,12324,12326],{},[15,12325,11200],{}," is useful when you want to:",[33,12328,12329,12332,12335],{},[36,12330,12331],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[36,12333,12334],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[36,12336,12337],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[24,12339,190],{},[75,12341,12343],{"className":77,"code":12342,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12344,12345,12354,12370,12390,12403,12407,12411,12416,12427,12431],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12346,12347,12350,12352],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12348,12349],{"class":90},"session_data ",[84,12351,95],{"class":94},[84,12353,11373],{"class":102},[84,12355,12356,12358,12361,12363,12365,12368],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,12357,11378],{"class":387},[84,12359,12360],{"class":391},"user_id",[84,12362,854],{"class":387},[84,12364,881],{"class":102},[84,12366,12367],{"class":106}," 101",[84,12369,11394],{"class":102},[84,12371,12372,12374,12377,12379,12381,12383,12386,12388],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,12373,11378],{"class":387},[84,12375,12376],{"class":391},"theme",[84,12378,854],{"class":387},[84,12380,881],{"class":102},[84,12382,3230],{"class":387},[84,12384,12385],{"class":391},"dark",[84,12387,854],{"class":387},[84,12389,11394],{"class":102},[84,12391,12392,12394,12397,12399,12401],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,12393,11378],{"class":387},[84,12395,12396],{"class":391},"logged_in",[84,12398,854],{"class":387},[84,12400,881],{"class":102},[84,12402,6296],{"class":659},[84,12404,12405],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,12406,9188],{"class":102},[84,12408,12409],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,12410,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,12412,12413],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,12414,12415],{"class":128},"# Reset for a new session\n",[84,12417,12418,12421,12423,12425],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,12419,12420],{"class":90},"session_data",[84,12422,425],{"class":102},[84,12424,11262],{"class":121},[84,12426,8520],{"class":102},[84,12428,12429],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,12430,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,12432,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441],{"class":86,"line":6310},[84,12434,116],{"class":98},[84,12436,103],{"class":102},[84,12438,12420],{"class":121},[84,12440,125],{"class":102},[84,12442,11277],{"class":128},[24,12444,12445,12446,12452,12453,425,12457,12459,12460,425],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[419,12447,12449],{"href":12448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12450,12451],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[419,12454,12456],{"href":12455},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9726,12458],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[419,12461,12463],{"href":12462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12464,12465],{},"dict.popitem()",[70,12467,1434],{"id":1433},[24,12469,10627,12470,881],{},[15,12471,11200],{},[33,12473,12474,12480,12485,12488],{},[36,12475,12476,12477,12479],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12478,11200],{}," to a variable",[36,12481,8329,12482,12484],{},[15,12483,11200],{}," to return a new dictionary",[36,12486,12487],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[36,12489,12490],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[24,12492,12493],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[75,12495,12497],{"className":77,"code":12496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12498,12499,12509,12523,12538],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12500,12501,12503,12505,12507],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12502,116],{"class":98},[84,12504,103],{"class":102},[84,12506,11329],{"class":121},[84,12508,110],{"class":102},[84,12510,12511,12513,12515,12517,12519,12521],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,12512,116],{"class":98},[84,12514,103],{"class":102},[84,12516,334],{"class":139},[84,12518,103],{"class":102},[84,12520,11329],{"class":121},[84,12522,232],{"class":102},[84,12524,12525,12527,12529,12532,12534,12536],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,12526,116],{"class":98},[84,12528,103],{"class":102},[84,12530,12531],{"class":98},"id",[84,12533,103],{"class":102},[84,12535,11329],{"class":121},[84,12537,232],{"class":102},[84,12539,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,12541,116],{"class":98},[84,12543,103],{"class":102},[84,12545,12000],{"class":121},[84,12547,12075],{"class":470},[84,12549,11647],{"class":121},[84,12551,110],{"class":102},[24,12553,12554],{},"What these show:",[33,12556,12557,12563,12569,12575],{},[36,12558,12559,12562],{},[15,12560,12561],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[36,12564,12565,12568],{},[15,12566,12567],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[36,12570,12571,12574],{},[15,12572,12573],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[36,12576,12577,12580],{},[15,12578,12579],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[70,12582,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,12584,12586,12587,12589],{"id":12585},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12588,11200],{}," delete the dictionary?",[24,12591,12592],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1667,12594,5016,12596,12598],{"id":12595},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12597,11206],{}," return?",[24,12600,5022,12601,425],{},[15,12602,3653],{},[1667,12604,5053,12606,28,12608,1689],{"id":12605},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12607,11200],{},[15,12609,3667],{},[24,12611,12612,12614,12615,12617],{},[15,12613,11200],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12616,3667],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1667,12619,12586,12621,12623],{"id":12620},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12622,11200],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[24,12625,12626],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[70,12628,1777],{"id":1776},[33,12630,12631,12635,12639,12646,12653,12660,12665],{},[36,12632,12633],{},[419,12634,9034],{"href":9033},[36,12636,12637],{},[419,12638,11121],{"href":9270},[36,12640,12641],{},[419,12642,10616,12643,10620],{"href":12448},[15,12644,12645],{},"pop()",[36,12647,12648],{},[419,12649,10616,12650,10620],{"href":12462},[15,12651,12652],{},"popitem()",[36,12654,12655],{},[419,12656,10616,12657,10620],{"href":12313},[15,12658,12659],{},"copy()",[36,12661,12662],{},[419,12663,12664],{"href":11946},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,12666,12667],{},[419,12668,12669],{"href":12455},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1814,12671,12672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":12674},[12675,12676,12678,12679,12680,12684,12689,12690,12692,12693,12703],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":11285,"depth":113,"text":12677},"What clear() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":11583,"depth":113,"text":12681,"children":12682},"What clear() returns",[12683],{"id":11696,"depth":132,"text":11697},{"id":11876,"depth":113,"text":12685,"children":12686},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12687,12688],{"id":11262,"depth":132,"text":11200},{"id":11329,"depth":132,"text":11929},{"id":11950,"depth":113,"text":11951},{"id":12319,"depth":113,"text":12691},"When to use clear()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":12694},[12695,12697,12699,12701],{"id":12585,"depth":132,"text":12696},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12595,"depth":132,"text":12698},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12605,"depth":132,"text":12700},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12620,"depth":132,"text":12702},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11191,"description":12704},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12711,"title":12712,"body":12713,"description":14880,"extension":1845,"meta":14881,"navigation":237,"path":14882,"seo":14883,"stem":14884,"__hash__":14885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12714,"toc":14852},[12715,12720,12725,12735,12737,12826,12830,12871,12876,12883,12901,12910,12912,12933,12936,12948,12950,13029,13033,13074,13076,13079,13207,13211,13291,13294,13312,13315,13319,13325,13327,13338,13340,13534,13538,13644,13647,13665,13668,13675,13680,13684,13698,13700,13827,13831,13911,13924,13930,13933,13941,13945,14071,14075,14149,14154,14285,14289,14363,14366,14380,14384,14388,14402,14404,14540,14544,14613,14615,14620,14642,14645,14752,14755,14766,14773,14775,14781,14784,14790,14793,14800,14808,14812,14815,14817,14849],[10,12716,11197,12718,11201],{"id":12717},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12719,12659],{},[24,12721,12722,12724],{},[15,12723,12316],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[24,12726,12727,12728,12730,12731,12734],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12729,12659],{}," makes a ",[42,12732,12733],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[70,12736,1887],{"id":1886},[75,12738,12740],{"className":77,"code":12739,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12741,12742,12780,12797,12801,12812],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12743,12744,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761,12764,12766,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776,12778],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12745,12746],{"class":90},"student ",[84,12748,95],{"class":94},[84,12750,10371],{"class":102},[84,12752,854],{"class":387},[84,12754,7544],{"class":391},[84,12756,854],{"class":387},[84,12758,881],{"class":102},[84,12760,3230],{"class":387},[84,12762,12763],{"class":391},"Ana",[84,12765,854],{"class":387},[84,12767,282],{"class":102},[84,12769,3230],{"class":387},[84,12771,9178],{"class":391},[84,12773,854],{"class":387},[84,12775,881],{"class":102},[84,12777,7667],{"class":106},[84,12779,9188],{"class":102},[84,12781,12782,12785,12787,12790,12792,12795],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,12783,12784],{"class":90},"student_copy ",[84,12786,95],{"class":94},[84,12788,12789],{"class":90}," student",[84,12791,425],{"class":102},[84,12793,12794],{"class":121},"copy",[84,12796,8520],{"class":102},[84,12798,12799],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,12800,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,12802,12803,12805,12807,12810],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,12804,116],{"class":98},[84,12806,103],{"class":102},[84,12808,12809],{"class":121},"student_copy",[84,12811,110],{"class":102},[84,12813,12814,12816,12818,12820,12822,12824],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,12815,116],{"class":98},[84,12817,103],{"class":102},[84,12819,12784],{"class":121},[84,12821,12075],{"class":470},[84,12823,12789],{"class":121},[84,12825,110],{"class":102},[24,12827,12828],{},[42,12829,265],{},[75,12831,12833],{"className":77,"code":12832,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12834,12835,12867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12836,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12838,9157],{"class":102},[84,12840,394],{"class":387},[84,12842,7544],{"class":391},[84,12844,394],{"class":387},[84,12846,881],{"class":102},[84,12848,388],{"class":387},[84,12850,12763],{"class":391},[84,12852,394],{"class":387},[84,12854,282],{"class":102},[84,12856,388],{"class":387},[84,12858,9178],{"class":391},[84,12860,394],{"class":387},[84,12862,881],{"class":102},[84,12864,7667],{"class":106},[84,12866,9188],{"class":102},[84,12868,12869],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,12870,3913],{"class":659},[24,12872,153,12873,12875],{},[15,12874,12659],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[70,12877,12879,12880,12882],{"id":12878},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12881,12659],{}," method does",[33,12884,12885,12890,12893,12898],{},[36,12886,12887,12889],{},[15,12888,12316],{}," returns a new dictionary",[36,12891,12892],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[36,12894,12895,12896],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12897,12659],{},[36,12899,12900],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[24,12902,12903,12904,2759,12907,425],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[419,12905,9034],{"href":12906},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[419,12908,9271],{"href":12909},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[70,12911,2038],{"id":2037},[75,12913,12915],{"className":77,"code":12914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12916,12917],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12918,12919,12922,12924,12927,12929,12931],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12920,12921],{"class":90},"new_dict ",[84,12923,95],{"class":94},[84,12925,12926],{"class":90}," old_dict",[84,12928,425],{"class":102},[84,12930,12794],{"class":121},[84,12932,8520],{"class":102},[24,12934,12935],{},"Key points:",[33,12937,12938,12942,12945],{},[36,12939,12940,11345],{},[15,12941,12659],{},[36,12943,12944],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[36,12946,12947],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[24,12949,190],{},[75,12951,12953],{"className":77,"code":12952,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12954,12955,12998,13014,13018],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12956,12957,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991,12994,12996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12958,12959],{"class":90},"colors ",[84,12961,95],{"class":94},[84,12963,10371],{"class":102},[84,12965,854],{"class":387},[84,12967,419],{"class":391},[84,12969,854],{"class":387},[84,12971,881],{"class":102},[84,12973,3230],{"class":387},[84,12975,12976],{"class":391},"red",[84,12978,854],{"class":387},[84,12980,282],{"class":102},[84,12982,3230],{"class":387},[84,12984,4634],{"class":391},[84,12986,854],{"class":387},[84,12988,881],{"class":102},[84,12990,3230],{"class":387},[84,12992,12993],{"class":391},"blue",[84,12995,854],{"class":387},[84,12997,9188],{"class":102},[84,12999,13000,13003,13005,13008,13010,13012],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13001,13002],{"class":90},"new_colors ",[84,13004,95],{"class":94},[84,13006,13007],{"class":90}," colors",[84,13009,425],{"class":102},[84,13011,12794],{"class":121},[84,13013,8520],{"class":102},[84,13015,13016],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,13017,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13019,13020,13022,13024,13027],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,13021,116],{"class":98},[84,13023,103],{"class":102},[84,13025,13026],{"class":121},"new_colors",[84,13028,110],{"class":102},[24,13030,13031],{},[42,13032,265],{},[75,13034,13036],{"className":77,"code":13035,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13037,13038],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13039,13040,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062,13064,13066,13068,13070,13072],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13041,9157],{"class":102},[84,13043,394],{"class":387},[84,13045,419],{"class":391},[84,13047,394],{"class":387},[84,13049,881],{"class":102},[84,13051,388],{"class":387},[84,13053,12976],{"class":391},[84,13055,394],{"class":387},[84,13057,282],{"class":102},[84,13059,388],{"class":387},[84,13061,4634],{"class":391},[84,13063,394],{"class":387},[84,13065,881],{"class":102},[84,13067,388],{"class":387},[84,13069,12993],{"class":391},[84,13071,394],{"class":387},[84,13073,9188],{"class":102},[70,13075,11355],{"id":11354},[24,13077,13078],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[75,13080,13082],{"className":77,"code":13081,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13083,13084,13122,13138,13142,13164,13168,13187],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13085,13086,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13087,13088],{"class":90},"person ",[84,13090,95],{"class":94},[84,13092,10371],{"class":102},[84,13094,854],{"class":387},[84,13096,7544],{"class":391},[84,13098,854],{"class":387},[84,13100,881],{"class":102},[84,13102,3230],{"class":387},[84,13104,13105],{"class":391},"Liam",[84,13107,854],{"class":387},[84,13109,282],{"class":102},[84,13111,3230],{"class":387},[84,13113,9178],{"class":391},[84,13115,854],{"class":387},[84,13117,881],{"class":102},[84,13119,9185],{"class":106},[84,13121,9188],{"class":102},[84,13123,13124,13127,13129,13132,13134,13136],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13125,13126],{"class":90},"person_copy ",[84,13128,95],{"class":94},[84,13130,13131],{"class":90}," person",[84,13133,425],{"class":102},[84,13135,12794],{"class":121},[84,13137,8520],{"class":102},[84,13139,13140],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,13141,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13143,13144,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13158,13161],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,13145,13146],{"class":90},"person_copy",[84,13148,292],{"class":102},[84,13150,854],{"class":387},[84,13152,9178],{"class":391},[84,13154,854],{"class":387},[84,13156,13157],{"class":102},"]",[84,13159,13160],{"class":94}," =",[84,13162,13163],{"class":106}," 26\n",[84,13165,13166],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,13167,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13169,13170,13172,13174,13176,13179,13181,13183,13185],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,13171,116],{"class":98},[84,13173,103],{"class":102},[84,13175,854],{"class":387},[84,13177,13178],{"class":391},"Original:",[84,13180,854],{"class":387},[84,13182,282],{"class":102},[84,13184,13131],{"class":121},[84,13186,110],{"class":102},[84,13188,13189,13191,13193,13195,13198,13200,13202,13205],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,13190,116],{"class":98},[84,13192,103],{"class":102},[84,13194,854],{"class":387},[84,13196,13197],{"class":391},"Copy:",[84,13199,854],{"class":387},[84,13201,282],{"class":102},[84,13203,13204],{"class":121}," person_copy",[84,13206,110],{"class":102},[24,13208,13209],{},[42,13210,265],{},[75,13212,13214],{"className":77,"code":13213,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13215,13216,13253],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13217,13218,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13247,13249,13251],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13219,13220],{"class":90},"Original",[84,13222,881],{"class":102},[84,13224,10371],{"class":102},[84,13226,394],{"class":387},[84,13228,7544],{"class":391},[84,13230,394],{"class":387},[84,13232,881],{"class":102},[84,13234,388],{"class":387},[84,13236,13105],{"class":391},[84,13238,394],{"class":387},[84,13240,282],{"class":102},[84,13242,388],{"class":387},[84,13244,9178],{"class":391},[84,13246,394],{"class":387},[84,13248,881],{"class":102},[84,13250,9185],{"class":106},[84,13252,9188],{"class":102},[84,13254,13255,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13289],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13256,13257],{"class":90},"Copy",[84,13259,881],{"class":102},[84,13261,10371],{"class":102},[84,13263,394],{"class":387},[84,13265,7544],{"class":391},[84,13267,394],{"class":387},[84,13269,881],{"class":102},[84,13271,388],{"class":387},[84,13273,13105],{"class":391},[84,13275,394],{"class":387},[84,13277,282],{"class":102},[84,13279,388],{"class":387},[84,13281,9178],{"class":391},[84,13283,394],{"class":387},[84,13285,881],{"class":102},[84,13287,13288],{"class":106}," 26",[84,13290,9188],{"class":102},[24,13292,13293],{},"What happened here:",[33,13295,13296,13302,13309],{},[36,13297,13298,13301],{},[15,13299,13300],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[36,13303,13304,13305,13308],{},"Changing ",[15,13306,13307],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[36,13310,13311],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[24,13313,13314],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[70,13316,13318],{"id":13317},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[24,13320,13321,12730,13323,425],{},[15,13322,12659],{},[42,13324,12733],{},[24,13326,1074],{},[33,13328,13329,13332,13335],{},[36,13330,13331],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[36,13333,13334],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[36,13336,13337],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[24,13339,190],{},[75,13341,13343],{"className":77,"code":13342,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13344,13345,13353,13371,13394,13398,13402,13416,13420,13444,13448,13466,13485,13500],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13346,13347,13349,13351],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13348,12746],{"class":90},[84,13350,95],{"class":94},[84,13352,11373],{"class":102},[84,13354,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13356,11378],{"class":387},[84,13358,7544],{"class":391},[84,13360,854],{"class":387},[84,13362,881],{"class":102},[84,13364,3230],{"class":387},[84,13366,12763],{"class":391},[84,13368,854],{"class":387},[84,13370,11394],{"class":102},[84,13372,13373,13375,13378,13380,13382,13384,13387,13389,13392],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,13374,11378],{"class":387},[84,13376,13377],{"class":391},"grades",[84,13379,854],{"class":387},[84,13381,881],{"class":102},[84,13383,3498],{"class":102},[84,13385,13386],{"class":106},"90",[84,13388,282],{"class":102},[84,13390,13391],{"class":106}," 85",[84,13393,317],{"class":102},[84,13395,13396],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,13397,9188],{"class":102},[84,13399,13400],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,13401,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13403,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,13405,12784],{"class":90},[84,13407,95],{"class":94},[84,13409,12789],{"class":90},[84,13411,425],{"class":102},[84,13413,12794],{"class":121},[84,13415,8520],{"class":102},[84,13417,13418],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,13419,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13421,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13435,13437,13439,13442],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,13423,12809],{"class":90},[84,13425,292],{"class":102},[84,13427,854],{"class":387},[84,13429,13377],{"class":391},[84,13431,854],{"class":387},[84,13433,13434],{"class":102},"].",[84,13436,998],{"class":121},[84,13438,103],{"class":102},[84,13440,13441],{"class":106},"100",[84,13443,110],{"class":102},[84,13445,13446],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,13447,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13449,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464],{"class":86,"line":6310},[84,13451,116],{"class":98},[84,13453,103],{"class":102},[84,13455,854],{"class":387},[84,13457,13178],{"class":391},[84,13459,854],{"class":387},[84,13461,282],{"class":102},[84,13463,12789],{"class":121},[84,13465,110],{"class":102},[84,13467,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13483],{"class":86,"line":11475},[84,13469,116],{"class":98},[84,13471,103],{"class":102},[84,13473,854],{"class":387},[84,13475,13197],{"class":391},[84,13477,854],{"class":387},[84,13479,282],{"class":102},[84,13481,13482],{"class":121}," student_copy",[84,13484,110],{"class":102},[84,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498],{"class":86,"line":13487},12,[84,13489,116],{"class":98},[84,13491,103],{"class":102},[84,13493,12746],{"class":121},[84,13495,12075],{"class":470},[84,13497,13482],{"class":121},[84,13499,110],{"class":102},[84,13501,13503,13505,13507,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532],{"class":86,"line":13502},13,[84,13504,116],{"class":98},[84,13506,103],{"class":102},[84,13508,13509],{"class":121},"student",[84,13511,292],{"class":102},[84,13513,854],{"class":387},[84,13515,13377],{"class":391},[84,13517,854],{"class":387},[84,13519,13157],{"class":102},[84,13521,7973],{"class":470},[84,13523,13482],{"class":121},[84,13525,292],{"class":102},[84,13527,854],{"class":387},[84,13529,13377],{"class":391},[84,13531,854],{"class":387},[84,13533,741],{"class":102},[24,13535,13536],{},[42,13537,265],{},[75,13539,13541],{"className":77,"code":13540,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13542,13543,13590,13636,13640],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13544,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13546,13220],{"class":90},[84,13548,881],{"class":102},[84,13550,10371],{"class":102},[84,13552,394],{"class":387},[84,13554,7544],{"class":391},[84,13556,394],{"class":387},[84,13558,881],{"class":102},[84,13560,388],{"class":387},[84,13562,12763],{"class":391},[84,13564,394],{"class":387},[84,13566,282],{"class":102},[84,13568,388],{"class":387},[84,13570,13377],{"class":391},[84,13572,394],{"class":387},[84,13574,881],{"class":102},[84,13576,3498],{"class":102},[84,13578,13386],{"class":106},[84,13580,282],{"class":102},[84,13582,13391],{"class":106},[84,13584,282],{"class":102},[84,13586,9998],{"class":106},[84,13588,13589],{"class":102},"]}\n",[84,13591,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13593,13257],{"class":90},[84,13595,881],{"class":102},[84,13597,10371],{"class":102},[84,13599,394],{"class":387},[84,13601,7544],{"class":391},[84,13603,394],{"class":387},[84,13605,881],{"class":102},[84,13607,388],{"class":387},[84,13609,12763],{"class":391},[84,13611,394],{"class":387},[84,13613,282],{"class":102},[84,13615,388],{"class":387},[84,13617,13377],{"class":391},[84,13619,394],{"class":387},[84,13621,881],{"class":102},[84,13623,3498],{"class":102},[84,13625,13386],{"class":106},[84,13627,282],{"class":102},[84,13629,13391],{"class":106},[84,13631,282],{"class":102},[84,13633,9998],{"class":106},[84,13635,13589],{"class":102},[84,13637,13638],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,13639,3913],{"class":659},[84,13641,13642],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,13643,660],{"class":659},[24,13645,13646],{},"Notice the difference:",[33,13648,13649,13657],{},[36,13650,13651,4657,13654,13656],{},[15,13652,13653],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13655,3548],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[36,13658,13659,4657,13662,13664],{},[15,13660,13661],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13663,3481],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[24,13666,13667],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[24,13669,13670,13671,425],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[419,13672,13674],{"href":13673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[70,13676,792,13678],{"id":13677},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13679,12659],{},[24,13681,153,13682,799],{},[15,13683,12659],{},[33,13685,13686,13689,13692,13695],{},[36,13687,13688],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[36,13690,13691],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[36,13693,13694],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[36,13696,13697],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[24,13699,190],{},[75,13701,13703],{"className":77,"code":13702,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13704,13705,13744,13760,13764,13784,13788,13807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13706,13707,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13735,13737,13739,13742],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13708,13709],{"class":90},"settings ",[84,13711,95],{"class":94},[84,13713,10371],{"class":102},[84,13715,854],{"class":387},[84,13717,12376],{"class":391},[84,13719,854],{"class":387},[84,13721,881],{"class":102},[84,13723,3230],{"class":387},[84,13725,12385],{"class":391},[84,13727,854],{"class":387},[84,13729,282],{"class":102},[84,13731,3230],{"class":387},[84,13733,13734],{"class":391},"font_size",[84,13736,854],{"class":387},[84,13738,881],{"class":102},[84,13740,13741],{"class":106}," 14",[84,13743,9188],{"class":102},[84,13745,13746,13749,13751,13754,13756,13758],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13747,13748],{"class":90},"settings_backup ",[84,13750,95],{"class":94},[84,13752,13753],{"class":90}," settings",[84,13755,425],{"class":102},[84,13757,12794],{"class":121},[84,13759,8520],{"class":102},[84,13761,13762],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,13763,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13765,13766,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,13767,13768],{"class":90},"settings",[84,13770,292],{"class":102},[84,13772,854],{"class":387},[84,13774,13734],{"class":391},[84,13776,854],{"class":387},[84,13778,13157],{"class":102},[84,13780,13160],{"class":94},[84,13782,13783],{"class":106}," 16\n",[84,13785,13786],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,13787,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13789,13790,13792,13794,13796,13799,13801,13803,13805],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,13791,116],{"class":98},[84,13793,103],{"class":102},[84,13795,854],{"class":387},[84,13797,13798],{"class":391},"Current:",[84,13800,854],{"class":387},[84,13802,282],{"class":102},[84,13804,13753],{"class":121},[84,13806,110],{"class":102},[84,13808,13809,13811,13813,13815,13818,13820,13822,13825],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,13810,116],{"class":98},[84,13812,103],{"class":102},[84,13814,854],{"class":387},[84,13816,13817],{"class":391},"Backup:",[84,13819,854],{"class":387},[84,13821,282],{"class":102},[84,13823,13824],{"class":121}," settings_backup",[84,13826,110],{"class":102},[24,13828,13829],{},[42,13830,265],{},[75,13832,13834],{"className":77,"code":13833,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13835,13836,13874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13837,13838,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13872],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13839,13840],{"class":90},"Current",[84,13842,881],{"class":102},[84,13844,10371],{"class":102},[84,13846,394],{"class":387},[84,13848,12376],{"class":391},[84,13850,394],{"class":387},[84,13852,881],{"class":102},[84,13854,388],{"class":387},[84,13856,12385],{"class":391},[84,13858,394],{"class":387},[84,13860,282],{"class":102},[84,13862,388],{"class":387},[84,13864,13734],{"class":391},[84,13866,394],{"class":387},[84,13868,881],{"class":102},[84,13870,13871],{"class":106}," 16",[84,13873,9188],{"class":102},[84,13875,13876,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13877,13878],{"class":90},"Backup",[84,13880,881],{"class":102},[84,13882,10371],{"class":102},[84,13884,394],{"class":387},[84,13886,12376],{"class":391},[84,13888,394],{"class":387},[84,13890,881],{"class":102},[84,13892,388],{"class":387},[84,13894,12385],{"class":391},[84,13896,394],{"class":387},[84,13898,282],{"class":102},[84,13900,388],{"class":387},[84,13902,13734],{"class":391},[84,13904,394],{"class":387},[84,13906,881],{"class":102},[84,13908,13741],{"class":106},[84,13910,9188],{"class":102},[24,13912,13913,13914,2759,13920,425],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[419,13915,13917],{"href":13916},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13918,13919],{},"dict.update()",[419,13921,13922],{"href":12706},[15,13923,11206],{},[70,13925,13927,13929],{"id":13926},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13928,12659],{}," vs assignment",[24,13931,13932],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[24,13934,1442,13935,13937,13938,13940],{},[15,13936,95],{}," does ",[42,13939,1367],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1667,13942,13944],{"id":13943},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[75,13946,13948],{"className":77,"code":13947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13949,13950,13982,13991,13995,14015,14019,14037,14057],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13951,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13953,11967],{"class":90},[84,13955,95],{"class":94},[84,13957,10371],{"class":102},[84,13959,854],{"class":387},[84,13961,2055],{"class":391},[84,13963,854],{"class":387},[84,13965,881],{"class":102},[84,13967,299],{"class":106},[84,13969,282],{"class":102},[84,13971,3230],{"class":387},[84,13973,11626],{"class":391},[84,13975,854],{"class":387},[84,13977,881],{"class":102},[84,13979,304],{"class":106},[84,13981,9188],{"class":102},[84,13983,13984,13987,13989],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,13985,13986],{"class":90},"assigned ",[84,13988,95],{"class":94},[84,13990,12005],{"class":90},[84,13992,13993],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,13994,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,13996,13997,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,13998,13999],{"class":90},"assigned",[84,14001,292],{"class":102},[84,14003,854],{"class":387},[84,14005,2055],{"class":391},[84,14007,854],{"class":387},[84,14009,13157],{"class":102},[84,14011,13160],{"class":94},[84,14013,14014],{"class":106}," 99\n",[84,14016,14017],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,14018,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,14020,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,14022,116],{"class":98},[84,14024,103],{"class":102},[84,14026,854],{"class":387},[84,14028,13178],{"class":391},[84,14030,854],{"class":387},[84,14032,282],{"class":102},[84,14034,12042],{"class":121},[84,14036,110],{"class":102},[84,14038,14039,14041,14043,14045,14048,14050,14052,14055],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,14040,116],{"class":98},[84,14042,103],{"class":102},[84,14044,854],{"class":387},[84,14046,14047],{"class":391},"Assigned:",[84,14049,854],{"class":387},[84,14051,282],{"class":102},[84,14053,14054],{"class":121}," assigned",[84,14056,110],{"class":102},[84,14058,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,14060,116],{"class":98},[84,14062,103],{"class":102},[84,14064,11967],{"class":121},[84,14066,12075],{"class":470},[84,14068,14054],{"class":121},[84,14070,110],{"class":102},[24,14072,14073],{},[42,14074,265],{},[75,14076,14078],{"className":77,"code":14077,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14079,14080,14112,14145],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14081,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14083,13220],{"class":90},[84,14085,881],{"class":102},[84,14087,10371],{"class":102},[84,14089,394],{"class":387},[84,14091,2055],{"class":391},[84,14093,394],{"class":387},[84,14095,881],{"class":102},[84,14097,10077],{"class":106},[84,14099,282],{"class":102},[84,14101,388],{"class":387},[84,14103,11626],{"class":391},[84,14105,394],{"class":387},[84,14107,881],{"class":102},[84,14109,304],{"class":106},[84,14111,9188],{"class":102},[84,14113,14114,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,14115,14116],{"class":90},"Assigned",[84,14118,881],{"class":102},[84,14120,10371],{"class":102},[84,14122,394],{"class":387},[84,14124,2055],{"class":391},[84,14126,394],{"class":387},[84,14128,881],{"class":102},[84,14130,10077],{"class":106},[84,14132,282],{"class":102},[84,14134,388],{"class":387},[84,14136,11626],{"class":391},[84,14138,394],{"class":387},[84,14140,881],{"class":102},[84,14142,304],{"class":106},[84,14144,9188],{"class":102},[84,14146,14147],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,14148,660],{"class":659},[1667,14150,1442,14152],{"id":14151},"using-copy",[15,14153,12659],{},[75,14155,14157],{"className":77,"code":14156,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14158,14159,14191,14206,14210,14229,14233,14251,14271],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14160,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14162,11967],{"class":90},[84,14164,95],{"class":94},[84,14166,10371],{"class":102},[84,14168,854],{"class":387},[84,14170,2055],{"class":391},[84,14172,854],{"class":387},[84,14174,881],{"class":102},[84,14176,299],{"class":106},[84,14178,282],{"class":102},[84,14180,3230],{"class":387},[84,14182,11626],{"class":391},[84,14184,854],{"class":387},[84,14186,881],{"class":102},[84,14188,304],{"class":106},[84,14190,9188],{"class":102},[84,14192,14193,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,14194,14195],{"class":90},"copied ",[84,14197,95],{"class":94},[84,14199,12042],{"class":90},[84,14201,425],{"class":102},[84,14203,12794],{"class":121},[84,14205,8520],{"class":102},[84,14207,14208],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,14209,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,14211,14212,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,14213,14214],{"class":90},"copied",[84,14216,292],{"class":102},[84,14218,854],{"class":387},[84,14220,2055],{"class":391},[84,14222,854],{"class":387},[84,14224,13157],{"class":102},[84,14226,13160],{"class":94},[84,14228,14014],{"class":106},[84,14230,14231],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,14232,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,14234,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,14236,116],{"class":98},[84,14238,103],{"class":102},[84,14240,854],{"class":387},[84,14242,13178],{"class":391},[84,14244,854],{"class":387},[84,14246,282],{"class":102},[84,14248,12042],{"class":121},[84,14250,110],{"class":102},[84,14252,14253,14255,14257,14259,14262,14264,14266,14269],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,14254,116],{"class":98},[84,14256,103],{"class":102},[84,14258,854],{"class":387},[84,14260,14261],{"class":391},"Copied:",[84,14263,854],{"class":387},[84,14265,282],{"class":102},[84,14267,14268],{"class":121}," copied",[84,14270,110],{"class":102},[84,14272,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,14274,116],{"class":98},[84,14276,103],{"class":102},[84,14278,11967],{"class":121},[84,14280,12075],{"class":470},[84,14282,14268],{"class":121},[84,14284,110],{"class":102},[24,14286,14287],{},[42,14288,265],{},[75,14290,14292],{"className":77,"code":14291,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14293,14294,14326,14359],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14295,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14297,13220],{"class":90},[84,14299,881],{"class":102},[84,14301,10371],{"class":102},[84,14303,394],{"class":387},[84,14305,2055],{"class":391},[84,14307,394],{"class":387},[84,14309,881],{"class":102},[84,14311,299],{"class":106},[84,14313,282],{"class":102},[84,14315,388],{"class":387},[84,14317,11626],{"class":391},[84,14319,394],{"class":387},[84,14321,881],{"class":102},[84,14323,304],{"class":106},[84,14325,9188],{"class":102},[84,14327,14328,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,14329,14330],{"class":90},"Copied",[84,14332,881],{"class":102},[84,14334,10371],{"class":102},[84,14336,394],{"class":387},[84,14338,2055],{"class":391},[84,14340,394],{"class":387},[84,14342,881],{"class":102},[84,14344,10077],{"class":106},[84,14346,282],{"class":102},[84,14348,388],{"class":387},[84,14350,11626],{"class":391},[84,14352,394],{"class":387},[84,14354,881],{"class":102},[84,14356,304],{"class":106},[84,14358,9188],{"class":102},[84,14360,14361],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,14362,3913],{"class":659},[24,14364,14365],{},"Summary:",[33,14367,14368,14374],{},[36,14369,14370,14373],{},[15,14371,14372],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[36,14375,14376,14379],{},[15,14377,14378],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[70,14381,14383],{"id":14382},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[24,14385,14386,881],{},[15,14387,12659],{},[33,14389,14390,14393,14396,14399],{},[36,14391,14392],{},"Returns a dictionary",[36,14394,14395],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[36,14397,14398],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[36,14400,14401],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[24,14403,190],{},[75,14405,14407],{"className":77,"code":14406,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14408,14409,14441,14457,14461,14479,14499,14503,14521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14410,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14412,9044],{"class":90},[84,14414,95],{"class":94},[84,14416,10371],{"class":102},[84,14418,854],{"class":387},[84,14420,419],{"class":391},[84,14422,854],{"class":387},[84,14424,881],{"class":102},[84,14426,299],{"class":106},[84,14428,282],{"class":102},[84,14430,3230],{"class":387},[84,14432,4634],{"class":391},[84,14434,854],{"class":387},[84,14436,881],{"class":102},[84,14438,304],{"class":106},[84,14440,9188],{"class":102},[84,14442,14443,14446,14448,14451,14453,14455],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,14444,14445],{"class":90},"data_copy ",[84,14447,95],{"class":94},[84,14449,14450],{"class":90}," data",[84,14452,425],{"class":102},[84,14454,12794],{"class":121},[84,14456,8520],{"class":102},[84,14458,14459],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,14460,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,14462,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,14464,9083],{"class":90},[84,14466,292],{"class":102},[84,14468,854],{"class":387},[84,14470,419],{"class":391},[84,14472,854],{"class":387},[84,14474,13157],{"class":102},[84,14476,13160],{"class":94},[84,14478,2468],{"class":106},[84,14480,14481,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,14482,14483],{"class":90},"data_copy",[84,14485,292],{"class":102},[84,14487,854],{"class":387},[84,14489,4634],{"class":391},[84,14491,854],{"class":387},[84,14493,13157],{"class":102},[84,14495,13160],{"class":94},[84,14497,14498],{"class":106}," 20\n",[84,14500,14501],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,14502,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,14504,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,14506,116],{"class":98},[84,14508,103],{"class":102},[84,14510,854],{"class":387},[84,14512,13178],{"class":391},[84,14514,854],{"class":387},[84,14516,282],{"class":102},[84,14518,14450],{"class":121},[84,14520,110],{"class":102},[84,14522,14523,14525,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14538],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,14524,116],{"class":98},[84,14526,103],{"class":102},[84,14528,854],{"class":387},[84,14530,13197],{"class":391},[84,14532,854],{"class":387},[84,14534,282],{"class":102},[84,14536,14537],{"class":121}," data_copy",[84,14539,110],{"class":102},[24,14541,14542],{},[42,14543,265],{},[75,14545,14547],{"className":77,"code":14546,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14548,14549,14581],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14550,14551,14553,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14552,13220],{"class":90},[84,14554,881],{"class":102},[84,14556,10371],{"class":102},[84,14558,394],{"class":387},[84,14560,419],{"class":391},[84,14562,394],{"class":387},[84,14564,881],{"class":102},[84,14566,573],{"class":106},[84,14568,282],{"class":102},[84,14570,388],{"class":387},[84,14572,4634],{"class":391},[84,14574,394],{"class":387},[84,14576,881],{"class":102},[84,14578,304],{"class":106},[84,14580,9188],{"class":102},[84,14582,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,14584,13257],{"class":90},[84,14586,881],{"class":102},[84,14588,10371],{"class":102},[84,14590,394],{"class":387},[84,14592,419],{"class":391},[84,14594,394],{"class":387},[84,14596,881],{"class":102},[84,14598,299],{"class":106},[84,14600,282],{"class":102},[84,14602,388],{"class":387},[84,14604,4634],{"class":391},[84,14606,394],{"class":387},[84,14608,881],{"class":102},[84,14610,7667],{"class":106},[84,14612,9188],{"class":102},[70,14614,1434],{"id":1433},[24,14616,14617,14618,881],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14619,12316],{},[33,14621,14622,14629,14634,14639],{},[36,14623,1442,14624,1686,14626,14628],{},[15,14625,95],{},[15,14627,12659],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[36,14630,4454,14631,14633],{},[15,14632,12659],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[36,14635,14636,14637],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14638,12659],{},[36,14640,14641],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[24,14643,14644],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[75,14646,14648],{"className":77,"code":14647,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14649,14650,14660,14670,14684,14707,14730],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14651,14652,14654,14656,14658],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14653,116],{"class":98},[84,14655,103],{"class":102},[84,14657,12014],{"class":121},[84,14659,110],{"class":102},[84,14661,14662,14664,14666,14668],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,14663,116],{"class":98},[84,14665,103],{"class":102},[84,14667,14214],{"class":121},[84,14669,110],{"class":102},[84,14671,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,14673,116],{"class":98},[84,14675,103],{"class":102},[84,14677,11967],{"class":121},[84,14679,12075],{"class":470},[84,14681,14268],{"class":121},[84,14683,110],{"class":102},[84,14685,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14701,14703,14705],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,14687,116],{"class":98},[84,14689,103],{"class":102},[84,14691,12531],{"class":98},[84,14693,103],{"class":102},[84,14695,12014],{"class":121},[84,14697,9112],{"class":102},[84,14699,14700],{"class":98}," id",[84,14702,103],{"class":102},[84,14704,14214],{"class":121},[84,14706,232],{"class":102},[84,14708,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14726,14728],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,14710,116],{"class":98},[84,14712,103],{"class":102},[84,14714,12531],{"class":98},[84,14716,103],{"class":102},[84,14718,12014],{"class":121},[84,14720,292],{"class":102},[84,14722,854],{"class":387},[84,14724,14725],{"class":391},"key",[84,14727,854],{"class":387},[84,14729,2878],{"class":102},[84,14731,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,14733,116],{"class":98},[84,14735,103],{"class":102},[84,14737,12531],{"class":98},[84,14739,103],{"class":102},[84,14741,14214],{"class":121},[84,14743,292],{"class":102},[84,14745,854],{"class":387},[84,14747,14725],{"class":391},[84,14749,854],{"class":387},[84,14751,2878],{"class":102},[24,14753,14754],{},"What these help you check:",[33,14756,14757,14760,14763],{},[36,14758,14759],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[36,14761,14762],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[36,14764,14765],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[24,14767,14768,14769,425],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[419,14770,14772],{"href":14771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[70,14774,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,14776,12586,14778,14780],{"id":14777},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14779,12316],{}," change the original dictionary?",[24,14782,14783],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1667,14785,1670,14787,14789],{"id":14786},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14788,12316],{}," a deep copy?",[24,14791,14792],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1667,14794,5053,14796,28,14798,1689],{"id":14795},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14797,12659],{},[15,14799,95],{},[24,14801,14802,14804,14805,14807],{},[15,14803,12659],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14806,95],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1667,14809,14811],{"id":14810},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[24,14813,14814],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[70,14816,1777],{"id":1776},[33,14818,14819,14823,14827,14831,14838,14844],{},[36,14820,14821],{},[419,14822,11121],{"href":12909},[36,14824,14825],{},[419,14826,9034],{"href":12906},[36,14828,14829],{},[419,14830,13674],{"href":13673},[36,14832,14833],{},[419,14834,10616,14835,10620],{"href":13916},[15,14836,14837],{},"update()",[36,14839,14840],{},[419,14841,10616,14842,10620],{"href":12706},[15,14843,11200],{},[36,14845,14846],{},[419,14847,14848],{"href":14771},"How to copy a list in Python",[1814,14850,14851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":14853},[14854,14855,14857,14858,14859,14860,14862,14868,14869,14870,14879],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":12878,"depth":113,"text":14856},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":13317,"depth":113,"text":13318},{"id":13677,"depth":113,"text":14861},"When to use copy()",{"id":13926,"depth":113,"text":14863,"children":14864},"copy() vs assignment",[14865,14866],{"id":13943,"depth":132,"text":13944},{"id":14151,"depth":132,"text":14867},"Using copy()",{"id":14382,"depth":113,"text":14383},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":14871},[14872,14874,14876,14878],{"id":14777,"depth":132,"text":14873},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14786,"depth":132,"text":14875},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14795,"depth":132,"text":14877},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14810,"depth":132,"text":14811},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12712,"description":14880},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14887,"title":14888,"body":14889,"description":17085,"extension":1845,"meta":17086,"navigation":237,"path":12909,"seo":17087,"stem":17088,"__hash__":17089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14890,"toc":17047},[14891,14894,14900,14909,14911,14987,14991,15040,15043,15047,15061,15064,15068,15081,15084,15117,15131,15134,15146,15150,15153,15161,15241,15245,15298,15302,15320,15322,15404,15407,15409,15412,15415,15438,15462,15466,15474,15477,15479,15488,15493,15551,15555,15588,15594,15600,15603,15658,15662,15712,15715,15721,15724,15732,15734,15779,15784,15793,15796,15799,15846,15848,15853,15856,15950,15954,16007,16010,16066,16069,16073,16076,16090,16094,16160,16164,16189,16192,16196,16274,16278,16281,16284,16304,16307,16360,16364,16367,16370,16383,16385,16474,16481,16484,16495,16497,16500,16520,16524,16527,16536,16539,16578,16582,16584,16593,16602,16604,16642,16646,16693,16697,16718,16722,16725,16837,16842,16939,16961,16963,16967,16974,16978,16984,16988,16991,16995,16998,17005,17013,17015,17041,17044],[10,14892,14888],{"id":14893},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[24,14895,14896,14897,14899],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[42,14898,9010],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[24,14901,14902,14903,2759,14905,425],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[419,14904,9034],{"href":9033},[419,14906,14908],{"href":14907},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[70,14910,1887],{"id":1886},[75,14912,14914],{"className":77,"code":14913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14915,14916,14924,14942,14956,14969,14973,14977],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14917,14918,14920,14922],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14919,12746],{"class":90},[84,14921,95],{"class":94},[84,14923,11373],{"class":102},[84,14925,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,14927,11378],{"class":387},[84,14929,7544],{"class":391},[84,14931,854],{"class":387},[84,14933,881],{"class":102},[84,14935,3230],{"class":387},[84,14937,12763],{"class":391},[84,14939,854],{"class":387},[84,14941,11394],{"class":102},[84,14943,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,14945,11378],{"class":387},[84,14947,9178],{"class":391},[84,14949,854],{"class":387},[84,14951,881],{"class":102},[84,14953,7667],{"class":106},[84,14955,11394],{"class":102},[84,14957,14958,14960,14963,14965,14967],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,14959,11378],{"class":387},[84,14961,14962],{"class":391},"is_active",[84,14964,854],{"class":387},[84,14966,881],{"class":102},[84,14968,6296],{"class":659},[84,14970,14971],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,14972,9188],{"class":102},[84,14974,14975],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,14976,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,14978,14979,14981,14983,14985],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,14980,116],{"class":98},[84,14982,103],{"class":102},[84,14984,13509],{"class":121},[84,14986,110],{"class":102},[24,14988,14989],{},[42,14990,265],{},[75,14992,14994],{"className":77,"code":14993,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14995,14996],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14997,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14999,9157],{"class":102},[84,15001,394],{"class":387},[84,15003,7544],{"class":391},[84,15005,394],{"class":387},[84,15007,881],{"class":102},[84,15009,388],{"class":387},[84,15011,12763],{"class":391},[84,15013,394],{"class":387},[84,15015,282],{"class":102},[84,15017,388],{"class":387},[84,15019,9178],{"class":391},[84,15021,394],{"class":387},[84,15023,881],{"class":102},[84,15025,7667],{"class":106},[84,15027,282],{"class":102},[84,15029,388],{"class":387},[84,15031,14962],{"class":391},[84,15033,394],{"class":387},[84,15035,881],{"class":102},[84,15037,3789],{"class":659},[84,15039,9188],{"class":102},[24,15041,15042],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[70,15044,15046],{"id":15045},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[33,15048,15049,15052,15055,15058],{},[36,15050,15051],{},"What a dictionary is",[36,15053,15054],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[36,15056,15057],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[36,15059,15060],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[70,15062,15051],{"id":15063},"what-a-dictionary-is",[24,15065,9007,15066,425],{},[42,15067,9010],{},[33,15069,15070,15076],{},[36,15071,15072,15073,15075],{},"A ",[42,15074,14725],{}," is the label",[36,15077,15072,15078,15080],{},[42,15079,2354],{}," is the data connected to that label",[24,15082,15083],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[75,15085,15087],{"className":77,"code":15086,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15088,15089,15097,15113],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15090,15091,15093,15095],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15092,12746],{"class":90},[84,15094,95],{"class":94},[84,15096,11373],{"class":102},[84,15098,15099,15101,15103,15105,15107,15109,15111],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15100,11378],{"class":387},[84,15102,7544],{"class":391},[84,15104,854],{"class":387},[84,15106,881],{"class":102},[84,15108,3230],{"class":387},[84,15110,12763],{"class":391},[84,15112,3236],{"class":387},[84,15114,15115],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,15116,9188],{"class":102},[33,15118,15119,15125],{},[36,15120,15121,15124],{},[15,15122,15123],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[36,15126,15127,15130],{},[15,15128,15129],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[24,15132,15133],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[33,15135,15136,15138,15140,15143],{},[36,15137,7544],{},[36,15139,9178],{},[36,15141,15142],{},"email",[36,15144,15145],{},"country",[70,15147,15149],{"id":15148},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[24,15151,15152],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[24,15154,153,15155,15157,15158,425],{},[15,15156,3667],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15159,15160],{},"key: value",[75,15162,15164],{"className":77,"code":15163,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15165,15166,15174,15192,15206,15223,15227,15231],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15167,15168,15170,15172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15169,12746],{"class":90},[84,15171,95],{"class":94},[84,15173,11373],{"class":102},[84,15175,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184,15186,15188,15190],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15177,11378],{"class":387},[84,15179,7544],{"class":391},[84,15181,854],{"class":387},[84,15183,881],{"class":102},[84,15185,3230],{"class":387},[84,15187,12763],{"class":391},[84,15189,854],{"class":387},[84,15191,11394],{"class":102},[84,15193,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,15195,11378],{"class":387},[84,15197,9178],{"class":391},[84,15199,854],{"class":387},[84,15201,881],{"class":102},[84,15203,7667],{"class":106},[84,15205,11394],{"class":102},[84,15207,15208,15210,15213,15215,15217,15219,15221],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,15209,11378],{"class":387},[84,15211,15212],{"class":391},"course",[84,15214,854],{"class":387},[84,15216,881],{"class":102},[84,15218,3230],{"class":387},[84,15220,7172],{"class":391},[84,15222,3236],{"class":387},[84,15224,15225],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,15226,9188],{"class":102},[84,15228,15229],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,15230,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,15232,15233,15235,15237,15239],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,15234,116],{"class":98},[84,15236,103],{"class":102},[84,15238,13509],{"class":121},[84,15240,110],{"class":102},[24,15242,15243],{},[42,15244,265],{},[75,15246,15248],{"className":77,"code":15247,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15249,15250],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15251,15252,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15253,9157],{"class":102},[84,15255,394],{"class":387},[84,15257,7544],{"class":391},[84,15259,394],{"class":387},[84,15261,881],{"class":102},[84,15263,388],{"class":387},[84,15265,12763],{"class":391},[84,15267,394],{"class":387},[84,15269,282],{"class":102},[84,15271,388],{"class":387},[84,15273,9178],{"class":391},[84,15275,394],{"class":387},[84,15277,881],{"class":102},[84,15279,7667],{"class":106},[84,15281,282],{"class":102},[84,15283,388],{"class":387},[84,15285,15212],{"class":391},[84,15287,394],{"class":387},[84,15289,881],{"class":102},[84,15291,388],{"class":387},[84,15293,7172],{"class":391},[84,15295,394],{"class":387},[84,15297,9188],{"class":102},[1667,15299,15301],{"id":15300},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[33,15303,15304,15309,15314,15317],{},[36,15305,153,15306,15308],{},[15,15307,3667],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[36,15310,15311,15312],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15313,15160],{},[36,15315,15316],{},"Separate items with commas",[36,15318,15319],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[24,15321,190],{},[75,15323,15325],{"className":77,"code":15324,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15326,15327,15336,15356,15372,15385,15389,15393],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15328,15329,15332,15334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15330,15331],{"class":90},"book ",[84,15333,95],{"class":94},[84,15335,11373],{"class":102},[84,15337,15338,15340,15343,15345,15347,15349,15352,15354],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15339,11378],{"class":387},[84,15341,15342],{"class":391},"title",[84,15344,854],{"class":387},[84,15346,881],{"class":102},[84,15348,3230],{"class":387},[84,15350,15351],{"class":391},"Python Basics",[84,15353,854],{"class":387},[84,15355,11394],{"class":102},[84,15357,15358,15360,15363,15365,15367,15370],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,15359,11378],{"class":387},[84,15361,15362],{"class":391},"pages",[84,15364,854],{"class":387},[84,15366,881],{"class":102},[84,15368,15369],{"class":106}," 150",[84,15371,11394],{"class":102},[84,15373,15374,15376,15379,15381,15383],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,15375,11378],{"class":387},[84,15377,15378],{"class":391},"available",[84,15380,854],{"class":387},[84,15382,881],{"class":102},[84,15384,6296],{"class":659},[84,15386,15387],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,15388,9188],{"class":102},[84,15390,15391],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,15392,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,15394,15395,15397,15399,15402],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,15396,116],{"class":98},[84,15398,103],{"class":102},[84,15400,15401],{"class":121},"book",[84,15403,110],{"class":102},[24,15405,15406],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[70,15408,9282],{"id":9281},[24,15410,15411],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[24,15413,15414],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[75,15416,15418],{"className":77,"code":15417,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15419,15420,15428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15421,15422,15424,15426],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15423,9044],{"class":90},[84,15425,95],{"class":94},[84,15427,9718],{"class":102},[84,15429,15430,15432,15434,15436],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15431,116],{"class":98},[84,15433,103],{"class":102},[84,15435,9083],{"class":121},[84,15437,110],{"class":102},[75,15439,15440],{"className":77,"code":9285,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,15441,15442,15452],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15443,15444,15446,15448,15450],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15445,9044],{"class":90},[84,15447,95],{"class":94},[84,15449,9049],{"class":139},[84,15451,8520],{"class":102},[84,15453,15454,15456,15458,15460],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15455,116],{"class":98},[84,15457,103],{"class":102},[84,15459,9083],{"class":121},[84,15461,110],{"class":102},[24,15463,15464],{},[42,15465,265],{},[75,15467,15468],{"className":77,"code":9314,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,15469,15470],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15471,15472],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15473,9314],{"class":102},[24,15475,15476],{},"Both are correct.",[1667,15478,1063],{"id":1062},[24,15480,15481,15483,15484,15487],{},[15,15482,3667],{}," creates an empty ",[42,15485,15486],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[24,15489,15490,15491,425],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15492,3672],{},[75,15494,15496],{"className":77,"code":15495,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15497,15498,15506,15518,15522,15536],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15499,15500,15502,15504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15501,11605],{"class":90},[84,15503,95],{"class":94},[84,15505,9718],{"class":102},[84,15507,15508,15511,15513,15516],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15509,15510],{"class":90},"my_set ",[84,15512,95],{"class":94},[84,15514,15515],{"class":139}," set",[84,15517,8520],{"class":102},[84,15519,15520],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,15521,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,15523,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,15525,116],{"class":98},[84,15527,103],{"class":102},[84,15529,334],{"class":139},[84,15531,103],{"class":102},[84,15533,11329],{"class":121},[84,15535,232],{"class":102},[84,15537,15538,15540,15542,15544,15546,15549],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,15539,116],{"class":98},[84,15541,103],{"class":102},[84,15543,334],{"class":139},[84,15545,103],{"class":102},[84,15547,15548],{"class":121},"my_set",[84,15550,232],{"class":102},[24,15552,15553],{},[42,15554,265],{},[75,15556,15558],{"className":77,"code":15557,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15559,15560,15574],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15561,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15563,380],{"class":94},[84,15565,384],{"class":383},[84,15567,388],{"class":387},[84,15569,8699],{"class":391},[84,15571,394],{"class":387},[84,15573,397],{"class":94},[84,15575,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15577,380],{"class":94},[84,15579,384],{"class":383},[84,15581,388],{"class":387},[84,15583,6159],{"class":391},[84,15585,394],{"class":387},[84,15587,397],{"class":94},[70,15589,15591,15592],{"id":15590},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15593,8998],{},[24,15595,15596,15597,15599],{},"You can also use ",[15,15598,8998],{}," to create a dictionary.",[24,15601,15602],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[75,15604,15606],{"className":77,"code":15605,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15607,15608,15648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15609,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15637,15639,15642,15644,15646],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15611,12746],{"class":90},[84,15613,95],{"class":94},[84,15615,9049],{"class":139},[84,15617,103],{"class":102},[84,15619,7544],{"class":9054},[84,15621,95],{"class":94},[84,15623,854],{"class":387},[84,15625,12763],{"class":391},[84,15627,854],{"class":387},[84,15629,282],{"class":102},[84,15631,9067],{"class":9054},[84,15633,95],{"class":94},[84,15635,15636],{"class":106},"20",[84,15638,282],{"class":102},[84,15640,15641],{"class":9054}," active",[84,15643,95],{"class":94},[84,15645,3481],{"class":659},[84,15647,110],{"class":102},[84,15649,15650,15652,15654,15656],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15651,116],{"class":98},[84,15653,103],{"class":102},[84,15655,13509],{"class":121},[84,15657,110],{"class":102},[24,15659,15660],{},[42,15661,265],{},[75,15663,15665],{"className":77,"code":15664,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15666,15667],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15668,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15704,15706,15708,15710],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15670,9157],{"class":102},[84,15672,394],{"class":387},[84,15674,7544],{"class":391},[84,15676,394],{"class":387},[84,15678,881],{"class":102},[84,15680,388],{"class":387},[84,15682,12763],{"class":391},[84,15684,394],{"class":387},[84,15686,282],{"class":102},[84,15688,388],{"class":387},[84,15690,9178],{"class":391},[84,15692,394],{"class":387},[84,15694,881],{"class":102},[84,15696,7667],{"class":106},[84,15698,282],{"class":102},[84,15700,388],{"class":387},[84,15702,15703],{"class":391},"active",[84,15705,394],{"class":387},[84,15707,881],{"class":102},[84,15709,3789],{"class":659},[84,15711,9188],{"class":102},[24,15713,15714],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1667,15716,15718,15719],{"id":15717},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15720,8998],{},[24,15722,15723],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[33,15725,15726,15729],{},[36,15727,15728],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[36,15730,15731],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[24,15733,6562],{},[75,15735,15737],{"className":77,"code":15736,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15738,15739,15769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15740,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15742,11368],{"class":90},[84,15744,95],{"class":94},[84,15746,9049],{"class":139},[84,15748,103],{"class":102},[84,15750,7544],{"class":9054},[84,15752,95],{"class":94},[84,15754,854],{"class":387},[84,15756,7553],{"class":391},[84,15758,854],{"class":387},[84,15760,282],{"class":102},[84,15762,9067],{"class":9054},[84,15764,95],{"class":94},[84,15766,9072],{"class":106},[84,15768,110],{"class":102},[84,15770,15771,15773,15775,15777],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15772,116],{"class":98},[84,15774,103],{"class":102},[84,15776,11462],{"class":121},[84,15778,110],{"class":102},[24,15780,1364,15781,15783],{},[42,15782,1367],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[75,15785,15787],{"className":77,"code":15786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15788,15789],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15790,15791],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15792,15786],{"class":128},[24,15794,15795],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[24,15797,15798],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[75,15800,15802],{"className":77,"code":15801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15803,15804,15812,15828,15832,15836],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15805,15806,15808,15810],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15807,11368],{"class":90},[84,15809,95],{"class":94},[84,15811,11373],{"class":102},[84,15813,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15815,11378],{"class":387},[84,15817,10376],{"class":391},[84,15819,854],{"class":387},[84,15821,881],{"class":102},[84,15823,3230],{"class":387},[84,15825,7553],{"class":391},[84,15827,3236],{"class":387},[84,15829,15830],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,15831,9188],{"class":102},[84,15833,15834],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,15835,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,15837,15838,15840,15842,15844],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,15839,116],{"class":98},[84,15841,103],{"class":102},[84,15843,11462],{"class":121},[84,15845,110],{"class":102},[70,15847,9324],{"id":9323},[24,15849,15850,15852],{},[15,15851,8998],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[24,15854,15855],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[75,15857,15859],{"className":77,"code":15858,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15860,15861,15918,15922,15936,15940],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15862,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15914,15916],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15864,9094],{"class":90},[84,15866,95],{"class":94},[84,15868,9099],{"class":102},[84,15870,854],{"class":387},[84,15872,7544],{"class":391},[84,15874,854],{"class":387},[84,15876,282],{"class":102},[84,15878,3230],{"class":387},[84,15880,12763],{"class":391},[84,15882,854],{"class":387},[84,15884,9112],{"class":102},[84,15886,9115],{"class":102},[84,15888,854],{"class":387},[84,15890,9178],{"class":391},[84,15892,854],{"class":387},[84,15894,282],{"class":102},[84,15896,7667],{"class":106},[84,15898,9112],{"class":102},[84,15900,9115],{"class":102},[84,15902,854],{"class":387},[84,15904,10289],{"class":391},[84,15906,854],{"class":387},[84,15908,282],{"class":102},[84,15910,3230],{"class":387},[84,15912,15913],{"class":391},"Lima",[84,15915,854],{"class":387},[84,15917,9128],{"class":102},[84,15919,15920],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,15921,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,15923,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,15925,12746],{"class":90},[84,15927,95],{"class":94},[84,15929,9049],{"class":139},[84,15931,103],{"class":102},[84,15933,9141],{"class":121},[84,15935,110],{"class":102},[84,15937,15938],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,15939,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,15941,15942,15944,15946,15948],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,15943,116],{"class":98},[84,15945,103],{"class":102},[84,15947,13509],{"class":121},[84,15949,110],{"class":102},[24,15951,15952],{},[42,15953,265],{},[75,15955,15957],{"className":77,"code":15956,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15958,15959],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15960,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15962,9157],{"class":102},[84,15964,394],{"class":387},[84,15966,7544],{"class":391},[84,15968,394],{"class":387},[84,15970,881],{"class":102},[84,15972,388],{"class":387},[84,15974,12763],{"class":391},[84,15976,394],{"class":387},[84,15978,282],{"class":102},[84,15980,388],{"class":387},[84,15982,9178],{"class":391},[84,15984,394],{"class":387},[84,15986,881],{"class":102},[84,15988,7667],{"class":106},[84,15990,282],{"class":102},[84,15992,388],{"class":387},[84,15994,10289],{"class":391},[84,15996,394],{"class":387},[84,15998,881],{"class":102},[84,16000,388],{"class":387},[84,16002,15913],{"class":391},[84,16004,394],{"class":387},[84,16006,9188],{"class":102},[24,16008,16009],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[75,16011,16013],{"className":77,"code":16012,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16014,16015,16056],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16016,16017,16019,16021,16023,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052,16054],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16018,12746],{"class":90},[84,16020,95],{"class":94},[84,16022,9049],{"class":139},[84,16024,16025],{"class":102},"(((",[84,16027,854],{"class":387},[84,16029,7544],{"class":391},[84,16031,854],{"class":387},[84,16033,282],{"class":102},[84,16035,3230],{"class":387},[84,16037,12763],{"class":391},[84,16039,854],{"class":387},[84,16041,9112],{"class":102},[84,16043,9115],{"class":102},[84,16045,854],{"class":387},[84,16047,9178],{"class":391},[84,16049,854],{"class":387},[84,16051,282],{"class":102},[84,16053,7667],{"class":106},[84,16055,345],{"class":102},[84,16057,16058,16060,16062,16064],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16059,116],{"class":98},[84,16061,103],{"class":102},[84,16063,13509],{"class":121},[84,16065,110],{"class":102},[24,16067,16068],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[70,16070,16072],{"id":16071},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[24,16074,16075],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[33,16077,16078,16081,16084,16087],{},[36,16079,16080],{},"Keys must be unique",[36,16082,16083],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[36,16085,16086],{},"Values can repeat",[36,16088,16089],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1667,16091,16093],{"id":16092},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[75,16095,16097],{"className":77,"code":16096,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16098,16099,16107,16125,16142,16146,16150],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16100,16101,16103,16105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16102,9044],{"class":90},[84,16104,95],{"class":94},[84,16106,11373],{"class":102},[84,16108,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16110,11378],{"class":387},[84,16112,7544],{"class":391},[84,16114,854],{"class":387},[84,16116,881],{"class":102},[84,16118,3230],{"class":387},[84,16120,12763],{"class":391},[84,16122,854],{"class":387},[84,16124,11394],{"class":102},[84,16126,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16140],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,16128,11378],{"class":387},[84,16130,7544],{"class":391},[84,16132,854],{"class":387},[84,16134,881],{"class":102},[84,16136,3230],{"class":387},[84,16138,16139],{"class":391},"Maria",[84,16141,3236],{"class":387},[84,16143,16144],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,16145,9188],{"class":102},[84,16147,16148],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,16149,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,16151,16152,16154,16156,16158],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,16153,116],{"class":98},[84,16155,103],{"class":102},[84,16157,9083],{"class":121},[84,16159,110],{"class":102},[24,16161,16162],{},[42,16163,265],{},[75,16165,16167],{"className":77,"code":16166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16168,16169],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16170,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16172,9157],{"class":102},[84,16174,394],{"class":387},[84,16176,7544],{"class":391},[84,16178,394],{"class":387},[84,16180,881],{"class":102},[84,16182,388],{"class":387},[84,16184,16139],{"class":391},[84,16186,394],{"class":387},[84,16188,9188],{"class":102},[24,16190,16191],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1667,16193,16195],{"id":16194},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[75,16197,16199],{"className":77,"code":16198,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16200,16201,16209,16225,16241,16255,16259,16263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16202,16203,16205,16207],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16204,4937],{"class":90},[84,16206,95],{"class":94},[84,16208,11373],{"class":102},[84,16210,16211,16214,16216,16218,16221,16223],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16212,16213],{"class":106},"    1",[84,16215,881],{"class":102},[84,16217,3230],{"class":387},[84,16219,16220],{"class":391},"low",[84,16222,854],{"class":387},[84,16224,11394],{"class":102},[84,16226,16227,16230,16232,16234,16237,16239],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,16228,16229],{"class":106},"    2",[84,16231,881],{"class":102},[84,16233,3230],{"class":387},[84,16235,16236],{"class":391},"medium",[84,16238,854],{"class":387},[84,16240,11394],{"class":102},[84,16242,16243,16246,16248,16250,16253],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,16244,16245],{"class":106},"    3",[84,16247,881],{"class":102},[84,16249,3230],{"class":387},[84,16251,16252],{"class":391},"high",[84,16254,3236],{"class":387},[84,16256,16257],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,16258,9188],{"class":102},[84,16260,16261],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,16262,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,16264,16265,16267,16269,16272],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,16266,116],{"class":98},[84,16268,103],{"class":102},[84,16270,16271],{"class":121},"scores",[84,16273,110],{"class":102},[1667,16275,16277],{"id":16276},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[24,16279,16280],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[24,16282,16283],{},"This will cause an error:",[75,16285,16287],{"className":77,"code":16286,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16288,16289,16294,16299],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16290,16291],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16292,16293],{"class":128},"# bad = {\n",[84,16295,16296],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16297,16298],{"class":128},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[84,16300,16301],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,16302,16303],{"class":128},"# }\n",[24,16305,16306],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[75,16308,16310],{"className":77,"code":16309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16311,16312,16321,16341,16345,16349],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16313,16314,16317,16319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16315,16316],{"class":90},"good ",[84,16318,95],{"class":94},[84,16320,11373],{"class":102},[84,16322,16323,16326,16328,16330,16332,16335,16337,16339],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16324,16325],{"class":102},"    (",[84,16327,838],{"class":106},[84,16329,282],{"class":102},[84,16331,304],{"class":106},[84,16333,16334],{"class":102},"):",[84,16336,3230],{"class":387},[84,16338,122],{"class":391},[84,16340,3236],{"class":387},[84,16342,16343],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,16344,9188],{"class":102},[84,16346,16347],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,16348,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,16350,16351,16353,16355,16358],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,16352,116],{"class":98},[84,16354,103],{"class":102},[84,16356,16357],{"class":121},"good",[84,16359,110],{"class":102},[70,16361,16363],{"id":16362},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[24,16365,16366],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[24,16368,16369],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[33,16371,16372,16375,16377,16380],{},[36,16373,16374],{},"user data",[36,16376,13768],{},[36,16378,16379],{},"counters",[36,16381,16382],{},"lookups",[24,16384,190],{},[75,16386,16388],{"className":77,"code":16387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16389,16390,16398,16417,16436,16448,16452,16456],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16391,16392,16394,16396],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16393,11368],{"class":90},[84,16395,95],{"class":94},[84,16397,11373],{"class":102},[84,16399,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16413,16415],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16401,11378],{"class":387},[84,16403,7863],{"class":391},[84,16405,854],{"class":387},[84,16407,881],{"class":102},[84,16409,3230],{"class":387},[84,16411,16412],{"class":391},"ana123",[84,16414,854],{"class":387},[84,16416,11394],{"class":102},[84,16418,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16432,16434],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,16420,11378],{"class":387},[84,16422,15142],{"class":391},[84,16424,854],{"class":387},[84,16426,881],{"class":102},[84,16428,3230],{"class":387},[84,16430,16431],{"class":391},"ana@example.com",[84,16433,854],{"class":387},[84,16435,11394],{"class":102},[84,16437,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,16439,11378],{"class":387},[84,16441,12396],{"class":391},[84,16443,854],{"class":387},[84,16445,881],{"class":102},[84,16447,6296],{"class":659},[84,16449,16450],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,16451,9188],{"class":102},[84,16453,16454],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,16455,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,16457,16458,16460,16462,16464,16466,16468,16470,16472],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,16459,116],{"class":98},[84,16461,103],{"class":102},[84,16463,11462],{"class":121},[84,16465,292],{"class":102},[84,16467,854],{"class":387},[84,16469,15142],{"class":391},[84,16471,854],{"class":387},[84,16473,741],{"class":102},[24,16475,16476,16477,425],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[419,16478,16480],{"href":16479},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[24,16482,16483],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[33,16485,16486,16489,16492],{},[36,16487,16488],{},"labels are not needed",[36,16490,16491],{},"you mostly care about position",[36,16493,16494],{},"order matters more than named fields",[70,16496,1434],{"id":1433},[24,16498,16499],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[33,16501,16502,16505,16508,16511,16514],{},[36,16503,16504],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[36,16506,16507],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[36,16509,16510],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[36,16512,16513],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[36,16515,16516,16517,16519],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16518,3667],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1667,16521,16523],{"id":16522},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[24,16525,16526],{},"Wrong:",[75,16528,16530],{"className":77,"code":16529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16531,16532],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16533,16534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16535,16529],{"class":128},[24,16537,16538],{},"Correct:",[75,16540,16542],{"className":77,"code":16541,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16543,16544,16568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16545,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16547,12746],{"class":90},[84,16549,95],{"class":94},[84,16551,10371],{"class":102},[84,16553,854],{"class":387},[84,16555,7544],{"class":391},[84,16557,854],{"class":387},[84,16559,881],{"class":102},[84,16561,3230],{"class":387},[84,16563,12763],{"class":391},[84,16565,854],{"class":387},[84,16567,9188],{"class":102},[84,16569,16570,16572,16574,16576],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16571,116],{"class":98},[84,16573,103],{"class":102},[84,16575,13509],{"class":121},[84,16577,110],{"class":102},[1667,16579,16581],{"id":16580},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[24,16583,16526],{},[75,16585,16587],{"className":77,"code":16586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16588,16589],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16590,16591],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16592,16586],{"class":128},[24,16594,16595,16596,16598,16599,16601],{},"This only works if ",[15,16597,7544],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16600,15123],{},", use quotes.",[24,16603,16538],{},[75,16605,16606],{"className":77,"code":16541,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,16607,16608,16632],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16609,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16611,12746],{"class":90},[84,16613,95],{"class":94},[84,16615,10371],{"class":102},[84,16617,854],{"class":387},[84,16619,7544],{"class":391},[84,16621,854],{"class":387},[84,16623,881],{"class":102},[84,16625,3230],{"class":387},[84,16627,12763],{"class":391},[84,16629,854],{"class":387},[84,16631,9188],{"class":102},[84,16633,16634,16636,16638,16640],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16635,116],{"class":98},[84,16637,103],{"class":102},[84,16639,13509],{"class":121},[84,16641,110],{"class":102},[1667,16643,16645],{"id":16644},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[75,16647,16649],{"className":77,"code":16648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16650,16651,16683],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16652,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677,16679,16681],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16654,9044],{"class":90},[84,16656,95],{"class":94},[84,16658,10371],{"class":102},[84,16660,854],{"class":387},[84,16662,9178],{"class":391},[84,16664,854],{"class":387},[84,16666,881],{"class":102},[84,16668,7667],{"class":106},[84,16670,282],{"class":102},[84,16672,3230],{"class":387},[84,16674,9178],{"class":391},[84,16676,854],{"class":387},[84,16678,881],{"class":102},[84,16680,7672],{"class":106},[84,16682,9188],{"class":102},[84,16684,16685,16687,16689,16691],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16686,116],{"class":98},[84,16688,103],{"class":102},[84,16690,9083],{"class":121},[84,16692,110],{"class":102},[24,16694,16695],{},[42,16696,265],{},[75,16698,16700],{"className":77,"code":16699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16701,16702],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16703,16704,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16705,9157],{"class":102},[84,16707,394],{"class":387},[84,16709,9178],{"class":391},[84,16711,394],{"class":387},[84,16713,881],{"class":102},[84,16715,7672],{"class":106},[84,16717,9188],{"class":102},[70,16719,16721],{"id":16720},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[24,16723,16724],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[75,16726,16728],{"className":77,"code":16727,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16729,16730,16766,16770,16780,16794,16809,16823],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16731,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16733,11605],{"class":90},[84,16735,95],{"class":94},[84,16737,10371],{"class":102},[84,16739,854],{"class":387},[84,16741,7544],{"class":391},[84,16743,854],{"class":387},[84,16745,881],{"class":102},[84,16747,3230],{"class":387},[84,16749,12763],{"class":391},[84,16751,854],{"class":387},[84,16753,282],{"class":102},[84,16755,3230],{"class":387},[84,16757,9178],{"class":391},[84,16759,854],{"class":387},[84,16761,881],{"class":102},[84,16763,7667],{"class":106},[84,16765,9188],{"class":102},[84,16767,16768],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16769,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,16771,16772,16774,16776,16778],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,16773,116],{"class":98},[84,16775,103],{"class":102},[84,16777,11329],{"class":121},[84,16779,110],{"class":102},[84,16781,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,16783,116],{"class":98},[84,16785,103],{"class":102},[84,16787,334],{"class":139},[84,16789,103],{"class":102},[84,16791,11329],{"class":121},[84,16793,232],{"class":102},[84,16795,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16807],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,16797,116],{"class":98},[84,16799,103],{"class":102},[84,16801,11329],{"class":121},[84,16803,425],{"class":102},[84,16805,16806],{"class":121},"keys",[84,16808,7069],{"class":102},[84,16810,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,16812,116],{"class":98},[84,16814,103],{"class":102},[84,16816,11329],{"class":121},[84,16818,425],{"class":102},[84,16820,5233],{"class":121},[84,16822,7069],{"class":102},[84,16824,16825,16827,16829,16831,16833,16835],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,16826,116],{"class":98},[84,16828,103],{"class":102},[84,16830,602],{"class":98},[84,16832,103],{"class":102},[84,16834,11329],{"class":121},[84,16836,232],{"class":102},[24,16838,16839],{},[42,16840,16841],{},"Example output:",[75,16843,16845],{"className":77,"code":16844,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16846,16847,16879,16893,16916,16935],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16848,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16850,9157],{"class":102},[84,16852,394],{"class":387},[84,16854,7544],{"class":391},[84,16856,394],{"class":387},[84,16858,881],{"class":102},[84,16860,388],{"class":387},[84,16862,12763],{"class":391},[84,16864,394],{"class":387},[84,16866,282],{"class":102},[84,16868,388],{"class":387},[84,16870,9178],{"class":391},[84,16872,394],{"class":387},[84,16874,881],{"class":102},[84,16876,7667],{"class":106},[84,16878,9188],{"class":102},[84,16880,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,16882,380],{"class":94},[84,16884,384],{"class":383},[84,16886,388],{"class":387},[84,16888,8699],{"class":391},[84,16890,394],{"class":387},[84,16892,397],{"class":94},[84,16894,16895,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,16896,16897],{"class":121},"dict_keys",[84,16899,2865],{"class":102},[84,16901,394],{"class":387},[84,16903,7544],{"class":391},[84,16905,394],{"class":387},[84,16907,282],{"class":102},[84,16909,388],{"class":387},[84,16911,9178],{"class":391},[84,16913,394],{"class":387},[84,16915,741],{"class":102},[84,16917,16918,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,16919,16920],{"class":121},"dict_values",[84,16922,2865],{"class":102},[84,16924,394],{"class":387},[84,16926,12763],{"class":391},[84,16928,394],{"class":387},[84,16930,282],{"class":102},[84,16932,7667],{"class":106},[84,16934,741],{"class":102},[84,16936,16937],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,16938,519],{"class":106},[24,16940,16941,16942,1263,16948,16954,16955,425],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[419,16943,10616,16945],{"href":16944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16946,16947],{},"keys()",[419,16949,10616,16951],{"href":16950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16952,16953],{},"values()",", and ",[419,16956,10616,16958],{"href":16957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16959,16960],{},"items()",[70,16962,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,16964,16966],{"id":16965},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[24,16968,153,16969,2759,16971,16973],{},[15,16970,3667],{},[15,16972,8998],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1667,16975,16977],{"id":16976},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[24,16979,16980,16981,425],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16982,16983],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1667,16985,16987],{"id":16986},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[24,16989,16990],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1667,16992,16994],{"id":16993},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[24,16996,16997],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1667,16999,5053,17001,28,17003,1689],{"id":17000},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17002,3667],{},[15,17004,8998],{},[24,17006,17007,17009,17010,17012],{},[15,17008,3667],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17011,8998],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[70,17014,1777],{"id":1776},[33,17016,17017,17021,17027,17031,17037],{},[36,17018,17019],{},[419,17020,9034],{"href":9033},[36,17022,17023],{},[419,17024,10616,17025,10620],{"href":10615},[15,17026,10619],{},[36,17028,17029],{},[419,17030,11130],{"href":10610},[36,17032,17033],{},[419,17034,17036],{"href":17035},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,17038,17039],{},[419,17040,11141],{"href":10954},[24,17042,17043],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1814,17045,17046],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":17048},[17049,17050,17051,17052,17055,17058,17063,17064,17069,17070,17075,17076,17084],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":15045,"depth":113,"text":15046},{"id":15063,"depth":113,"text":15051},{"id":15148,"depth":113,"text":15149,"children":17053},[17054],{"id":15300,"depth":132,"text":15301},{"id":9281,"depth":113,"text":9282,"children":17056},[17057],{"id":1062,"depth":132,"text":1063},{"id":15590,"depth":113,"text":17059,"children":17060},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17061],{"id":15717,"depth":132,"text":17062},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9323,"depth":113,"text":9324},{"id":16071,"depth":113,"text":16072,"children":17065},[17066,17067,17068],{"id":16092,"depth":132,"text":16093},{"id":16194,"depth":132,"text":16195},{"id":16276,"depth":132,"text":16277},{"id":16362,"depth":113,"text":16363},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":17071},[17072,17073,17074],{"id":16522,"depth":132,"text":16523},{"id":16580,"depth":132,"text":16581},{"id":16644,"depth":132,"text":16645},{"id":16720,"depth":113,"text":16721},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":17077},[17078,17079,17080,17081,17082],{"id":16965,"depth":132,"text":16966},{"id":16976,"depth":132,"text":16977},{"id":16986,"depth":132,"text":16987},{"id":16993,"depth":132,"text":16994},{"id":17000,"depth":132,"text":17083},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14888,"description":17085},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17091,"title":17092,"body":17093,"description":19544,"extension":1845,"meta":19545,"navigation":237,"path":19546,"seo":19547,"stem":19548,"__hash__":19549},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17094,"toc":19500},[17095,17101,17107,17110,17113,17115,17197,17203,17208,17212,17230,17242,17247,17251,17274,17278,17290,17298,17302,17308,17310,17313,17388,17390,17435,17437,17454,17459,17465,17470,17544,17546,17591,17594,17605,17607,17726,17728,17781,17788,17792,17795,17812,17818,17822,17920,17922,17974,17981,17985,17991,17994,17997,18024,18029,18033,18036,18140,18142,18187,18190,18193,18198,18203,18214,18216,18277,18337,18343,18351,18357,18362,18367,18427,18431,18498,18501,18505,18576,18579,18592,18599,18601,18605,18609,18680,18682,18719,18722,18725,18788,18795,18798,18840,18850,18853,18922,18928,18933,19017,19019,19068,19075,19081,19126,19128,19161,19166,19170,19176,19215,19259,19327,19370,19372,19378,19381,19385,19390,19394,19397,19401,19403,19464,19466,19492,19497],[10,17096,11197,17098,11201],{"id":17097},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17099,17100],{},"fromkeys()",[24,17102,17103,17106],{},[15,17104,17105],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[24,17108,17109],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[24,17111,17112],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[70,17114,1887],{"id":1886},[75,17116,17118],{"className":77,"code":17117,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17119,17120,17153,17181,17192],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17121,17122,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17123,17124],{"class":90},"keys ",[84,17126,95],{"class":94},[84,17128,3498],{"class":102},[84,17130,854],{"class":387},[84,17132,7544],{"class":391},[84,17134,854],{"class":387},[84,17136,282],{"class":102},[84,17138,3230],{"class":387},[84,17140,9178],{"class":391},[84,17142,854],{"class":387},[84,17144,282],{"class":102},[84,17146,3230],{"class":387},[84,17148,10289],{"class":391},[84,17150,854],{"class":387},[84,17152,317],{"class":102},[84,17154,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17177,17179],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,17156,13088],{"class":90},[84,17158,95],{"class":94},[84,17160,9049],{"class":139},[84,17162,425],{"class":102},[84,17164,17165],{"class":121},"fromkeys",[84,17167,103],{"class":102},[84,17169,16806],{"class":121},[84,17171,282],{"class":102},[84,17173,3230],{"class":387},[84,17175,17176],{"class":391},"unknown",[84,17178,854],{"class":387},[84,17180,110],{"class":102},[84,17182,17183,17185,17187,17190],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,17184,116],{"class":98},[84,17186,103],{"class":102},[84,17188,17189],{"class":121},"person",[84,17191,110],{"class":102},[84,17193,17194],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,17195,17196],{"class":128},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[24,17198,153,17199,17202],{},[15,17200,17201],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[70,17204,429,17206,3554],{"id":17205},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17207,17105],{},[24,17209,17210,881],{},[15,17211,17105],{},[33,17213,17214,17217,17220,17223],{},[36,17215,17216],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[36,17218,17219],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[36,17221,17222],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[36,17224,17225,17226,17229],{},"Is called as ",[15,17227,17228],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[24,17231,17232,17233,17235,17236,17238,17239,425],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17234,8699],{},", so you write ",[15,17237,17228],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17240,17241],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[24,17243,17244,17245,425],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[419,17246,9034],{"href":12906},[70,17248,17250],{"id":17249},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[75,17252,17254],{"className":77,"code":17253,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17255,17256],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17257,17258,17260,17262,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17259,8699],{"class":139},[84,17261,425],{"class":102},[84,17263,17165],{"class":121},[84,17265,103],{"class":102},[84,17267,3595],{"class":121},[84,17269,282],{"class":102},[84,17271,8309],{"class":121},[84,17273,110],{"class":102},[1667,17275,17277],{"id":17276},"parameters","Parameters",[33,17279,17280,17285],{},[36,17281,17282,17284],{},[15,17283,3595],{},": the keys to use",[36,17286,17287,17289],{},[15,17288,2354],{},": optional starting value for every key",[24,17291,17292,17293,17295,17296,425],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17294,2354],{},", each key gets ",[15,17297,3653],{},[1667,17299,17301],{"id":17300},"return-value","Return value",[24,17303,17304,17305,425],{},"It returns a ",[42,17306,17307],{},"new dictionary",[70,17309,5661],{"id":5660},[24,17311,17312],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[75,17314,17316],{"className":77,"code":17315,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17317,17318,17351,17373,17377],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17319,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334,17336,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17321,17124],{"class":90},[84,17323,95],{"class":94},[84,17325,3498],{"class":102},[84,17327,854],{"class":387},[84,17329,12976],{"class":391},[84,17331,854],{"class":387},[84,17333,282],{"class":102},[84,17335,3230],{"class":387},[84,17337,17338],{"class":391},"green",[84,17340,854],{"class":387},[84,17342,282],{"class":102},[84,17344,3230],{"class":387},[84,17346,12993],{"class":391},[84,17348,854],{"class":387},[84,17350,317],{"class":102},[84,17352,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,17354,12959],{"class":90},[84,17356,95],{"class":94},[84,17358,9049],{"class":139},[84,17360,425],{"class":102},[84,17362,17165],{"class":121},[84,17364,103],{"class":102},[84,17366,16806],{"class":121},[84,17368,282],{"class":102},[84,17370,3709],{"class":106},[84,17372,110],{"class":102},[84,17374,17375],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,17376,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,17378,17379,17381,17383,17386],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,17380,116],{"class":98},[84,17382,103],{"class":102},[84,17384,17385],{"class":121},"colors",[84,17387,110],{"class":102},[24,17389,265],{},[75,17391,17393],{"className":77,"code":17392,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17394,17395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17396,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17398,9157],{"class":102},[84,17400,394],{"class":387},[84,17402,12976],{"class":391},[84,17404,394],{"class":387},[84,17406,881],{"class":102},[84,17408,3709],{"class":106},[84,17410,282],{"class":102},[84,17412,388],{"class":387},[84,17414,17338],{"class":391},[84,17416,394],{"class":387},[84,17418,881],{"class":102},[84,17420,3709],{"class":106},[84,17422,282],{"class":102},[84,17424,388],{"class":387},[84,17426,12993],{"class":391},[84,17428,394],{"class":387},[84,17430,881],{"class":102},[84,17432,3709],{"class":106},[84,17434,9188],{"class":102},[24,17436,11564],{},[33,17438,17439,17444,17449],{},[36,17440,17441,17443],{},[15,17442,16806],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[36,17445,17446,17448],{},[15,17447,279],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[36,17450,17451,17453],{},[15,17452,17105],{}," returns the new dictionary",[24,17455,17456,17457,425],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[419,17458,9271],{"href":12909},[70,17460,1442,17462,17464],{"id":17461},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17463,17100],{}," without a value",[24,17466,17467,17468,425],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17469,3653],{},[75,17471,17473],{"className":77,"code":17472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17474,17475,17509,17529,17533],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17476,17477,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17505,17507],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17478,17479],{"class":90},"fields ",[84,17481,95],{"class":94},[84,17483,3498],{"class":102},[84,17485,854],{"class":387},[84,17487,7863],{"class":391},[84,17489,854],{"class":387},[84,17491,282],{"class":102},[84,17493,3230],{"class":387},[84,17495,15142],{"class":391},[84,17497,854],{"class":387},[84,17499,282],{"class":102},[84,17501,3230],{"class":387},[84,17503,17504],{"class":391},"password",[84,17506,854],{"class":387},[84,17508,317],{"class":102},[84,17510,17511,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17527],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,17512,17513],{"class":90},"user_data ",[84,17515,95],{"class":94},[84,17517,9049],{"class":139},[84,17519,425],{"class":102},[84,17521,17165],{"class":121},[84,17523,103],{"class":102},[84,17525,17526],{"class":121},"fields",[84,17528,110],{"class":102},[84,17530,17531],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,17532,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,17534,17535,17537,17539,17542],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,17536,116],{"class":98},[84,17538,103],{"class":102},[84,17540,17541],{"class":121},"user_data",[84,17543,110],{"class":102},[24,17545,265],{},[75,17547,17549],{"className":77,"code":17548,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17550,17551],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17552,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17554,9157],{"class":102},[84,17556,394],{"class":387},[84,17558,7863],{"class":391},[84,17560,394],{"class":387},[84,17562,881],{"class":102},[84,17564,3728],{"class":659},[84,17566,282],{"class":102},[84,17568,388],{"class":387},[84,17570,15142],{"class":391},[84,17572,394],{"class":387},[84,17574,881],{"class":102},[84,17576,3728],{"class":659},[84,17578,282],{"class":102},[84,17580,388],{"class":387},[84,17582,17504],{"class":391},[84,17584,394],{"class":387},[84,17586,881],{"class":102},[84,17588,3728],{"class":659},[84,17590,9188],{"class":102},[24,17592,17593],{},"This is useful when:",[33,17595,17596,17599,17602],{},[36,17597,17598],{},"You want to create the keys first",[36,17600,17601],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[36,17603,17604],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[24,17606,190],{},[75,17608,17610],{"className":77,"code":17609,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17611,17612,17644,17662,17666,17689,17712,17716],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17613,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17615,17479],{"class":90},[84,17617,95],{"class":94},[84,17619,3498],{"class":102},[84,17621,854],{"class":387},[84,17623,7863],{"class":391},[84,17625,854],{"class":387},[84,17627,282],{"class":102},[84,17629,3230],{"class":387},[84,17631,15142],{"class":391},[84,17633,854],{"class":387},[84,17635,282],{"class":102},[84,17637,3230],{"class":387},[84,17639,17504],{"class":391},[84,17641,854],{"class":387},[84,17643,317],{"class":102},[84,17645,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,17647,17513],{"class":90},[84,17649,95],{"class":94},[84,17651,9049],{"class":139},[84,17653,425],{"class":102},[84,17655,17165],{"class":121},[84,17657,103],{"class":102},[84,17659,17526],{"class":121},[84,17661,110],{"class":102},[84,17663,17664],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,17665,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,17667,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17687],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,17669,17541],{"class":90},[84,17671,292],{"class":102},[84,17673,854],{"class":387},[84,17675,7863],{"class":391},[84,17677,854],{"class":387},[84,17679,13157],{"class":102},[84,17681,13160],{"class":94},[84,17683,3230],{"class":387},[84,17685,17686],{"class":391},"alice",[84,17688,3236],{"class":387},[84,17690,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17710],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,17692,17541],{"class":90},[84,17694,292],{"class":102},[84,17696,854],{"class":387},[84,17698,15142],{"class":391},[84,17700,854],{"class":387},[84,17702,13157],{"class":102},[84,17704,13160],{"class":94},[84,17706,3230],{"class":387},[84,17708,17709],{"class":391},"alice@example.com",[84,17711,3236],{"class":387},[84,17713,17714],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,17715,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,17717,17718,17720,17722,17724],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,17719,116],{"class":98},[84,17721,103],{"class":102},[84,17723,17541],{"class":121},[84,17725,110],{"class":102},[24,17727,265],{},[75,17729,17731],{"className":77,"code":17730,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17732,17733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17734,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17736,9157],{"class":102},[84,17738,394],{"class":387},[84,17740,7863],{"class":391},[84,17742,394],{"class":387},[84,17744,881],{"class":102},[84,17746,388],{"class":387},[84,17748,17686],{"class":391},[84,17750,394],{"class":387},[84,17752,282],{"class":102},[84,17754,388],{"class":387},[84,17756,15142],{"class":391},[84,17758,394],{"class":387},[84,17760,881],{"class":102},[84,17762,388],{"class":387},[84,17764,17709],{"class":391},[84,17766,394],{"class":387},[84,17768,282],{"class":102},[84,17770,388],{"class":387},[84,17772,17504],{"class":391},[84,17774,394],{"class":387},[84,17776,881],{"class":102},[84,17778,3728],{"class":659},[84,17780,9188],{"class":102},[24,17782,17783,17784,425],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[419,17785,17787],{"href":17786},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[70,17789,17791],{"id":17790},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[24,17793,17794],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[33,17796,17797,17802,17807],{},[36,17798,17799,17801],{},[15,17800,3662],{}," (list)",[36,17803,17804,17806],{},[15,17805,3667],{}," (dictionary)",[36,17808,17809,17811],{},[15,17810,3672],{}," (set)",[24,17813,17814,17815,425],{},"All keys will point to the ",[42,17816,17817],{},"same object",[1667,17819,17821],{"id":17820},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[75,17823,17825],{"className":77,"code":17824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17826,17827,17859,17880,17884,17906,17910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17828,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17830,17124],{"class":90},[84,17832,95],{"class":94},[84,17834,3498],{"class":102},[84,17836,854],{"class":387},[84,17838,419],{"class":391},[84,17840,854],{"class":387},[84,17842,282],{"class":102},[84,17844,3230],{"class":387},[84,17846,4634],{"class":391},[84,17848,854],{"class":387},[84,17850,282],{"class":102},[84,17852,3230],{"class":387},[84,17854,9619],{"class":391},[84,17856,854],{"class":387},[84,17858,317],{"class":102},[84,17860,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,17862,9044],{"class":90},[84,17864,95],{"class":94},[84,17866,9049],{"class":139},[84,17868,425],{"class":102},[84,17870,17165],{"class":121},[84,17872,103],{"class":102},[84,17874,16806],{"class":121},[84,17876,282],{"class":102},[84,17878,17879],{"class":102}," [])\n",[84,17881,17882],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,17883,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,17885,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,17887,9083],{"class":90},[84,17889,292],{"class":102},[84,17891,854],{"class":387},[84,17893,419],{"class":391},[84,17895,854],{"class":387},[84,17897,13434],{"class":102},[84,17899,998],{"class":121},[84,17901,103],{"class":102},[84,17903,838],{"class":106},[84,17905,110],{"class":102},[84,17907,17908],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,17909,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,17911,17912,17914,17916,17918],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,17913,116],{"class":98},[84,17915,103],{"class":102},[84,17917,9083],{"class":121},[84,17919,110],{"class":102},[24,17921,265],{},[75,17923,17925],{"className":77,"code":17924,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17926,17927],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17928,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17930,9157],{"class":102},[84,17932,394],{"class":387},[84,17934,419],{"class":391},[84,17936,394],{"class":387},[84,17938,881],{"class":102},[84,17940,3498],{"class":102},[84,17942,838],{"class":106},[84,17944,17945],{"class":102},"],",[84,17947,388],{"class":387},[84,17949,4634],{"class":391},[84,17951,394],{"class":387},[84,17953,881],{"class":102},[84,17955,3498],{"class":102},[84,17957,838],{"class":106},[84,17959,17945],{"class":102},[84,17961,388],{"class":387},[84,17963,9619],{"class":391},[84,17965,394],{"class":387},[84,17967,881],{"class":102},[84,17969,3498],{"class":102},[84,17971,838],{"class":106},[84,17973,13589],{"class":102},[24,17975,17976,17977,17980],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17978,17979],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1667,17982,17984],{"id":17983},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[24,17986,17987,17990],{},[15,17988,17989],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[24,17992,17993],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[24,17995,17996],{},"So this:",[75,17998,18000],{"className":77,"code":17999,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18001,18002],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18003,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18005,9083],{"class":90},[84,18007,292],{"class":102},[84,18009,854],{"class":387},[84,18011,419],{"class":391},[84,18013,854],{"class":387},[84,18015,13434],{"class":102},[84,18017,998],{"class":121},[84,18019,103],{"class":102},[84,18021,838],{"class":106},[84,18023,110],{"class":102},[24,18025,18026,18027,425],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18028,17979],{},[1667,18030,18032],{"id":18031},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[24,18034,18035],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[75,18037,18039],{"className":77,"code":18038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18040,18041,18073,18100,18104,18126,18130],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18042,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18044,17124],{"class":90},[84,18046,95],{"class":94},[84,18048,3498],{"class":102},[84,18050,854],{"class":387},[84,18052,419],{"class":391},[84,18054,854],{"class":387},[84,18056,282],{"class":102},[84,18058,3230],{"class":387},[84,18060,4634],{"class":391},[84,18062,854],{"class":387},[84,18064,282],{"class":102},[84,18066,3230],{"class":387},[84,18068,9619],{"class":391},[84,18070,854],{"class":387},[84,18072,317],{"class":102},[84,18074,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18088,18090,18093,18095,18098],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18076,9044],{"class":90},[84,18078,95],{"class":94},[84,18080,10371],{"class":102},[84,18082,14725],{"class":90},[84,18084,881],{"class":102},[84,18086,18087],{"class":102}," []",[84,18089,3752],{"class":470},[84,18091,18092],{"class":90}," key ",[84,18094,476],{"class":470},[84,18096,18097],{"class":90}," keys",[84,18099,9188],{"class":102},[84,18101,18102],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,18103,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,18105,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,18107,9083],{"class":90},[84,18109,292],{"class":102},[84,18111,854],{"class":387},[84,18113,419],{"class":391},[84,18115,854],{"class":387},[84,18117,13434],{"class":102},[84,18119,998],{"class":121},[84,18121,103],{"class":102},[84,18123,838],{"class":106},[84,18125,110],{"class":102},[84,18127,18128],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,18129,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,18131,18132,18134,18136,18138],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,18133,116],{"class":98},[84,18135,103],{"class":102},[84,18137,9083],{"class":121},[84,18139,110],{"class":102},[24,18141,265],{},[75,18143,18145],{"className":77,"code":18144,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18146,18147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18148,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18150,9157],{"class":102},[84,18152,394],{"class":387},[84,18154,419],{"class":391},[84,18156,394],{"class":387},[84,18158,881],{"class":102},[84,18160,3498],{"class":102},[84,18162,838],{"class":106},[84,18164,17945],{"class":102},[84,18166,388],{"class":387},[84,18168,4634],{"class":391},[84,18170,394],{"class":387},[84,18172,881],{"class":102},[84,18174,18175],{"class":102}," [],",[84,18177,388],{"class":387},[84,18179,9619],{"class":391},[84,18181,394],{"class":387},[84,18183,881],{"class":102},[84,18185,18186],{"class":102}," []}\n",[24,18188,18189],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[24,18191,18192],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[70,18194,792,18196],{"id":18195},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18197,17100],{},[24,18199,18200,18202],{},[15,18201,17105],{}," is a good choice when:",[33,18204,18205,18208,18211],{},[36,18206,18207],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[36,18209,18210],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[36,18212,18213],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[24,18215,2006],{},[75,18217,18219],{"className":77,"code":18218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18220,18221,18266],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18222,18223,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18258,18260,18262,18264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18224,18225],{"class":90},"flags ",[84,18227,95],{"class":94},[84,18229,9049],{"class":139},[84,18231,425],{"class":102},[84,18233,17165],{"class":121},[84,18235,2865],{"class":102},[84,18237,854],{"class":387},[84,18239,18240],{"class":391},"is_admin",[84,18242,854],{"class":387},[84,18244,282],{"class":102},[84,18246,3230],{"class":387},[84,18248,14962],{"class":391},[84,18250,854],{"class":387},[84,18252,282],{"class":102},[84,18254,3230],{"class":387},[84,18256,18257],{"class":391},"is_verified",[84,18259,854],{"class":387},[84,18261,17945],{"class":102},[84,18263,3780],{"class":659},[84,18265,110],{"class":102},[84,18267,18268,18270,18272,18275],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18269,116],{"class":98},[84,18271,103],{"class":102},[84,18273,18274],{"class":121},"flags",[84,18276,110],{"class":102},[75,18278,18280],{"className":77,"code":18279,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18281,18282,18327],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18283,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18301,18303,18305,18307,18310,18312,18314,18316,18319,18321,18323,18325],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18285,4937],{"class":90},[84,18287,95],{"class":94},[84,18289,9049],{"class":139},[84,18291,425],{"class":102},[84,18293,17165],{"class":121},[84,18295,2865],{"class":102},[84,18297,854],{"class":387},[84,18299,18300],{"class":391},"math",[84,18302,854],{"class":387},[84,18304,282],{"class":102},[84,18306,3230],{"class":387},[84,18308,18309],{"class":391},"science",[84,18311,854],{"class":387},[84,18313,282],{"class":102},[84,18315,3230],{"class":387},[84,18317,18318],{"class":391},"history",[84,18320,854],{"class":387},[84,18322,17945],{"class":102},[84,18324,3709],{"class":106},[84,18326,110],{"class":102},[84,18328,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18330,116],{"class":98},[84,18332,103],{"class":102},[84,18334,16271],{"class":121},[84,18336,110],{"class":102},[24,18338,18339,18340,18342],{},"It is ",[42,18341,1367],{}," the best choice when:",[33,18344,18345,18348],{},[36,18346,18347],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[36,18349,18350],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[70,18352,18354,18356],{"id":18353},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18355,17100],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[24,18358,18359,18361],{},[15,18360,17100],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1667,18363,1442,18365],{"id":18364},"using-fromkeys",[15,18366,17100],{},[75,18368,18370],{"className":77,"code":18369,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18371,18372,18417],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18373,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18391,18393,18395,18397,18400,18402,18404,18406,18409,18411,18413,18415],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18375,13709],{"class":90},[84,18377,95],{"class":94},[84,18379,9049],{"class":139},[84,18381,425],{"class":102},[84,18383,17165],{"class":121},[84,18385,2865],{"class":102},[84,18387,854],{"class":387},[84,18389,18390],{"class":391},"sound",[84,18392,854],{"class":387},[84,18394,282],{"class":102},[84,18396,3230],{"class":387},[84,18398,18399],{"class":391},"music",[84,18401,854],{"class":387},[84,18403,282],{"class":102},[84,18405,3230],{"class":387},[84,18407,18408],{"class":391},"notifications",[84,18410,854],{"class":387},[84,18412,17945],{"class":102},[84,18414,3789],{"class":659},[84,18416,110],{"class":102},[84,18418,18419,18421,18423,18425],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18420,116],{"class":98},[84,18422,103],{"class":102},[84,18424,13768],{"class":121},[84,18426,110],{"class":102},[1667,18428,18430],{"id":18429},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[75,18432,18434],{"className":77,"code":18433,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18435,18436,18444,18458,18472,18484,18488],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18437,18438,18440,18442],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18439,13709],{"class":90},[84,18441,95],{"class":94},[84,18443,11373],{"class":102},[84,18445,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18447,11378],{"class":387},[84,18449,18390],{"class":391},[84,18451,854],{"class":387},[84,18453,881],{"class":102},[84,18455,3789],{"class":659},[84,18457,11394],{"class":102},[84,18459,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,18461,11378],{"class":387},[84,18463,18399],{"class":391},[84,18465,854],{"class":387},[84,18467,881],{"class":102},[84,18469,3780],{"class":659},[84,18471,11394],{"class":102},[84,18473,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,18475,11378],{"class":387},[84,18477,18408],{"class":391},[84,18479,854],{"class":387},[84,18481,881],{"class":102},[84,18483,6296],{"class":659},[84,18485,18486],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,18487,9188],{"class":102},[84,18489,18490,18492,18494,18496],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,18491,116],{"class":98},[84,18493,103],{"class":102},[84,18495,13768],{"class":121},[84,18497,110],{"class":102},[24,18499,18500],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1667,18502,18504],{"id":18503},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[75,18506,18508],{"className":77,"code":18507,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18509,18510,18542,18566],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18511,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18513,17124],{"class":90},[84,18515,95],{"class":94},[84,18517,3498],{"class":102},[84,18519,854],{"class":387},[84,18521,419],{"class":391},[84,18523,854],{"class":387},[84,18525,282],{"class":102},[84,18527,3230],{"class":387},[84,18529,4634],{"class":391},[84,18531,854],{"class":387},[84,18533,282],{"class":102},[84,18535,3230],{"class":387},[84,18537,9619],{"class":391},[84,18539,854],{"class":387},[84,18541,317],{"class":102},[84,18543,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18545,9044],{"class":90},[84,18547,95],{"class":94},[84,18549,10371],{"class":102},[84,18551,14725],{"class":90},[84,18553,881],{"class":102},[84,18555,18087],{"class":102},[84,18557,3752],{"class":470},[84,18559,18092],{"class":90},[84,18561,476],{"class":470},[84,18563,18097],{"class":90},[84,18565,9188],{"class":102},[84,18567,18568,18570,18572,18574],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,18569,116],{"class":98},[84,18571,103],{"class":102},[84,18573,9083],{"class":121},[84,18575,110],{"class":102},[24,18577,18578],{},"Use:",[33,18580,18581,18586,18589],{},[36,18582,18583,18585],{},[15,18584,17100],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[36,18587,18588],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[36,18590,18591],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[24,18593,18594,18595,425],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[419,18596,10616,18597,10620],{"href":13916},[15,18598,14837],{},[70,18600,1434],{"id":1433},[24,18602,14617,18603,425],{},[15,18604,17105],{},[1667,18606,18608],{"id":18607},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[75,18610,18612],{"className":77,"code":18611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18613,18614,18647,18670],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18615,18616,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18617,18618],{"class":90},"d ",[84,18620,95],{"class":94},[84,18622,9049],{"class":139},[84,18624,425],{"class":102},[84,18626,17165],{"class":121},[84,18628,2865],{"class":102},[84,18630,854],{"class":387},[84,18632,419],{"class":391},[84,18634,854],{"class":387},[84,18636,282],{"class":102},[84,18638,3230],{"class":387},[84,18640,4634],{"class":391},[84,18642,854],{"class":387},[84,18644,17945],{"class":102},[84,18646,17879],{"class":102},[84,18648,18649,18652,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18650,18651],{"class":90},"d",[84,18653,292],{"class":102},[84,18655,854],{"class":387},[84,18657,419],{"class":391},[84,18659,854],{"class":387},[84,18661,13434],{"class":102},[84,18663,998],{"class":121},[84,18665,103],{"class":102},[84,18667,838],{"class":106},[84,18669,110],{"class":102},[84,18671,18672,18674,18676,18678],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,18673,116],{"class":98},[84,18675,103],{"class":102},[84,18677,18651],{"class":121},[84,18679,110],{"class":102},[24,18681,265],{},[75,18683,18685],{"className":77,"code":18684,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18686,18687],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18688,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18690,9157],{"class":102},[84,18692,394],{"class":387},[84,18694,419],{"class":391},[84,18696,394],{"class":387},[84,18698,881],{"class":102},[84,18700,3498],{"class":102},[84,18702,838],{"class":106},[84,18704,17945],{"class":102},[84,18706,388],{"class":387},[84,18708,4634],{"class":391},[84,18710,394],{"class":387},[84,18712,881],{"class":102},[84,18714,3498],{"class":102},[84,18716,838],{"class":106},[84,18718,13589],{"class":102},[24,18720,18721],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[24,18723,18724],{},"Use this instead:",[75,18726,18728],{"className":77,"code":18727,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18729,18730,18754,18778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18731,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18733,17124],{"class":90},[84,18735,95],{"class":94},[84,18737,3498],{"class":102},[84,18739,854],{"class":387},[84,18741,419],{"class":391},[84,18743,854],{"class":387},[84,18745,282],{"class":102},[84,18747,3230],{"class":387},[84,18749,4634],{"class":391},[84,18751,854],{"class":387},[84,18753,317],{"class":102},[84,18755,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18757,18618],{"class":90},[84,18759,95],{"class":94},[84,18761,10371],{"class":102},[84,18763,14725],{"class":90},[84,18765,881],{"class":102},[84,18767,18087],{"class":102},[84,18769,3752],{"class":470},[84,18771,18092],{"class":90},[84,18773,476],{"class":470},[84,18775,18097],{"class":90},[84,18777,9188],{"class":102},[84,18779,18780,18782,18784,18786],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,18781,116],{"class":98},[84,18783,103],{"class":102},[84,18785,18651],{"class":121},[84,18787,110],{"class":102},[1667,18789,18791,18792,18794],{"id":18790},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18793,17100],{}," on a list",[24,18796,18797],{},"Wrong idea:",[75,18799,18801],{"className":77,"code":18800,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18802,18803,18835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18804,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18806,17124],{"class":90},[84,18808,95],{"class":94},[84,18810,3498],{"class":102},[84,18812,854],{"class":387},[84,18814,419],{"class":391},[84,18816,854],{"class":387},[84,18818,282],{"class":102},[84,18820,3230],{"class":387},[84,18822,4634],{"class":391},[84,18824,854],{"class":387},[84,18826,282],{"class":102},[84,18828,3230],{"class":387},[84,18830,9619],{"class":391},[84,18832,854],{"class":387},[84,18834,317],{"class":102},[84,18836,18837],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18838,18839],{"class":128},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[24,18841,18842,18844,18845,18847,18848,425],{},[15,18843,17100],{}," belongs to ",[15,18846,8699],{},", not ",[15,18849,140],{},[24,18851,18852],{},"Correct usage:",[75,18854,18856],{"className":77,"code":18855,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18857,18858,18890,18912],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18859,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18861,17124],{"class":90},[84,18863,95],{"class":94},[84,18865,3498],{"class":102},[84,18867,854],{"class":387},[84,18869,419],{"class":391},[84,18871,854],{"class":387},[84,18873,282],{"class":102},[84,18875,3230],{"class":387},[84,18877,4634],{"class":391},[84,18879,854],{"class":387},[84,18881,282],{"class":102},[84,18883,3230],{"class":387},[84,18885,9619],{"class":391},[84,18887,854],{"class":387},[84,18889,317],{"class":102},[84,18891,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18893,18618],{"class":90},[84,18895,95],{"class":94},[84,18897,9049],{"class":139},[84,18899,425],{"class":102},[84,18901,17165],{"class":121},[84,18903,103],{"class":102},[84,18905,16806],{"class":121},[84,18907,282],{"class":102},[84,18909,3709],{"class":106},[84,18911,110],{"class":102},[84,18913,18914,18916,18918,18920],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,18915,116],{"class":98},[84,18917,103],{"class":102},[84,18919,18651],{"class":121},[84,18921,110],{"class":102},[1667,18923,8329,18925,18927],{"id":18924},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18926,17100],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[24,18929,18930,18932],{},[15,18931,17105],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[75,18934,18936],{"className":77,"code":18935,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18937,18938,18958,18992,18996,19006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18939,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18941,11967],{"class":90},[84,18943,95],{"class":94},[84,18945,10371],{"class":102},[84,18947,854],{"class":387},[84,18949,2055],{"class":391},[84,18951,854],{"class":387},[84,18953,881],{"class":102},[84,18955,299],{"class":106},[84,18957,9188],{"class":102},[84,18959,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,18961,12921],{"class":90},[84,18963,95],{"class":94},[84,18965,9049],{"class":139},[84,18967,425],{"class":102},[84,18969,17165],{"class":121},[84,18971,2865],{"class":102},[84,18973,854],{"class":387},[84,18975,419],{"class":391},[84,18977,854],{"class":387},[84,18979,282],{"class":102},[84,18981,3230],{"class":387},[84,18983,4634],{"class":391},[84,18985,854],{"class":387},[84,18987,17945],{"class":102},[84,18989,3709],{"class":106},[84,18991,110],{"class":102},[84,18993,18994],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,18995,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,18997,18998,19000,19002,19004],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,18999,116],{"class":98},[84,19001,103],{"class":102},[84,19003,12014],{"class":121},[84,19005,110],{"class":102},[84,19007,19008,19010,19012,19015],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,19009,116],{"class":98},[84,19011,103],{"class":102},[84,19013,19014],{"class":121},"new_dict",[84,19016,110],{"class":102},[24,19018,265],{},[75,19020,19022],{"className":77,"code":19021,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19023,19024,19040],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19025,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19027,9157],{"class":102},[84,19029,394],{"class":387},[84,19031,2055],{"class":391},[84,19033,394],{"class":387},[84,19035,881],{"class":102},[84,19037,299],{"class":106},[84,19039,9188],{"class":102},[84,19041,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19043,9157],{"class":102},[84,19045,394],{"class":387},[84,19047,419],{"class":391},[84,19049,394],{"class":387},[84,19051,881],{"class":102},[84,19053,3709],{"class":106},[84,19055,282],{"class":102},[84,19057,388],{"class":387},[84,19059,4634],{"class":391},[84,19061,394],{"class":387},[84,19063,881],{"class":102},[84,19065,3709],{"class":106},[84,19067,9188],{"class":102},[24,19069,19070,19071,425],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[419,19072,10616,19073,10620],{"href":13916},[15,19074,14837],{},[1667,19076,19078,19079],{"id":19077},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19080,3653],{},[75,19082,19084],{"className":77,"code":19083,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19085,19086,19116],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19087,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19089,18618],{"class":90},[84,19091,95],{"class":94},[84,19093,9049],{"class":139},[84,19095,425],{"class":102},[84,19097,17165],{"class":121},[84,19099,2865],{"class":102},[84,19101,854],{"class":387},[84,19103,2055],{"class":391},[84,19105,854],{"class":387},[84,19107,282],{"class":102},[84,19109,3230],{"class":387},[84,19111,11626],{"class":391},[84,19113,854],{"class":387},[84,19115,741],{"class":102},[84,19117,19118,19120,19122,19124],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19119,116],{"class":98},[84,19121,103],{"class":102},[84,19123,18651],{"class":121},[84,19125,110],{"class":102},[24,19127,265],{},[75,19129,19131],{"className":77,"code":19130,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19132,19133],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19134,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19136,9157],{"class":102},[84,19138,394],{"class":387},[84,19140,2055],{"class":391},[84,19142,394],{"class":387},[84,19144,881],{"class":102},[84,19146,3728],{"class":659},[84,19148,282],{"class":102},[84,19150,388],{"class":387},[84,19152,11626],{"class":391},[84,19154,394],{"class":387},[84,19156,881],{"class":102},[84,19158,3728],{"class":659},[84,19160,9188],{"class":102},[24,19162,19163,19164,425],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19165,3653],{},[70,19167,19169],{"id":19168},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[24,19171,19172,19173,19175],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19174,17100],{}," works.",[75,19177,19179],{"className":77,"code":19178,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19180,19181],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19182,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19184,116],{"class":98},[84,19186,103],{"class":102},[84,19188,8699],{"class":139},[84,19190,425],{"class":102},[84,19192,17165],{"class":121},[84,19194,2865],{"class":102},[84,19196,854],{"class":387},[84,19198,419],{"class":391},[84,19200,854],{"class":387},[84,19202,282],{"class":102},[84,19204,3230],{"class":387},[84,19206,4634],{"class":391},[84,19208,854],{"class":387},[84,19210,17945],{"class":102},[84,19212,3709],{"class":106},[84,19214,232],{"class":102},[75,19216,19217],{"className":77,"code":19083,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,19218,19219,19249],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19220,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19222,18618],{"class":90},[84,19224,95],{"class":94},[84,19226,9049],{"class":139},[84,19228,425],{"class":102},[84,19230,17165],{"class":121},[84,19232,2865],{"class":102},[84,19234,854],{"class":387},[84,19236,2055],{"class":391},[84,19238,854],{"class":387},[84,19240,282],{"class":102},[84,19242,3230],{"class":387},[84,19244,11626],{"class":391},[84,19246,854],{"class":387},[84,19248,741],{"class":102},[84,19250,19251,19253,19255,19257],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19252,116],{"class":98},[84,19254,103],{"class":102},[84,19256,18651],{"class":121},[84,19258,110],{"class":102},[75,19260,19261],{"className":77,"code":18611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,19262,19263,19295,19317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19264,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19266,18618],{"class":90},[84,19268,95],{"class":94},[84,19270,9049],{"class":139},[84,19272,425],{"class":102},[84,19274,17165],{"class":121},[84,19276,2865],{"class":102},[84,19278,854],{"class":387},[84,19280,419],{"class":391},[84,19282,854],{"class":387},[84,19284,282],{"class":102},[84,19286,3230],{"class":387},[84,19288,4634],{"class":391},[84,19290,854],{"class":387},[84,19292,17945],{"class":102},[84,19294,17879],{"class":102},[84,19296,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19298,18651],{"class":90},[84,19300,292],{"class":102},[84,19302,854],{"class":387},[84,19304,419],{"class":391},[84,19306,854],{"class":387},[84,19308,13434],{"class":102},[84,19310,998],{"class":121},[84,19312,103],{"class":102},[84,19314,838],{"class":106},[84,19316,110],{"class":102},[84,19318,19319,19321,19323,19325],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,19320,116],{"class":98},[84,19322,103],{"class":102},[84,19324,18651],{"class":121},[84,19326,110],{"class":102},[75,19328,19330],{"className":77,"code":19329,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19331,19332],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19333,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19335,116],{"class":98},[84,19337,103],{"class":102},[84,19339,334],{"class":139},[84,19341,103],{"class":102},[84,19343,8699],{"class":139},[84,19345,425],{"class":102},[84,19347,17165],{"class":121},[84,19349,2865],{"class":102},[84,19351,838],{"class":106},[84,19353,282],{"class":102},[84,19355,304],{"class":106},[84,19357,282],{"class":102},[84,19359,309],{"class":106},[84,19361,17945],{"class":102},[84,19363,3230],{"class":387},[84,19365,2354],{"class":391},[84,19367,854],{"class":387},[84,19369,345],{"class":102},[70,19371,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,19373,12586,19375,19377],{"id":19374},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19376,17100],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[24,19379,19380],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1667,19382,19384],{"id":19383},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[24,19386,19387,19388,425],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19389,3653],{},[1667,19391,19393],{"id":19392},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[24,19395,19396],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1667,19398,19400],{"id":19399},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[24,19402,18035],{},[75,19404,19406],{"className":77,"code":19405,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19407,19408,19440],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19409,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19411,17124],{"class":90},[84,19413,95],{"class":94},[84,19415,3498],{"class":102},[84,19417,854],{"class":387},[84,19419,419],{"class":391},[84,19421,854],{"class":387},[84,19423,282],{"class":102},[84,19425,3230],{"class":387},[84,19427,4634],{"class":391},[84,19429,854],{"class":387},[84,19431,282],{"class":102},[84,19433,3230],{"class":387},[84,19435,9619],{"class":391},[84,19437,854],{"class":387},[84,19439,317],{"class":102},[84,19441,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19443,9044],{"class":90},[84,19445,95],{"class":94},[84,19447,10371],{"class":102},[84,19449,14725],{"class":90},[84,19451,881],{"class":102},[84,19453,18087],{"class":102},[84,19455,3752],{"class":470},[84,19457,18092],{"class":90},[84,19459,476],{"class":470},[84,19461,18097],{"class":90},[84,19463,9188],{"class":102},[70,19465,1777],{"id":1776},[33,19467,19468,19472,19476,19480,19486],{},[36,19469,19470],{},[419,19471,11121],{"href":12909},[36,19473,19474],{},[419,19475,9034],{"href":12906},[36,19477,19478],{},[419,19479,11130],{"href":17786},[36,19481,19482],{},[419,19483,10616,19484,10620],{"href":13916},[15,19485,14837],{},[36,19487,19488],{},[419,19489,10616,19490,10620],{"href":14882},[15,19491,12659],{},[24,19493,153,19494,19496],{},[15,19495,17105],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1814,19498,19499],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":19501},[19502,19503,19505,19509,19510,19512,19517,19519,19526,19535,19536,19543],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":17205,"depth":113,"text":19504},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17249,"depth":113,"text":17250,"children":19506},[19507,19508],{"id":17276,"depth":132,"text":17277},{"id":17300,"depth":132,"text":17301},{"id":5660,"depth":113,"text":5661},{"id":17461,"depth":113,"text":19511},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17790,"depth":113,"text":17791,"children":19513},[19514,19515,19516],{"id":17820,"depth":132,"text":17821},{"id":17983,"depth":132,"text":17984},{"id":18031,"depth":132,"text":18032},{"id":18195,"depth":113,"text":19518},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18353,"depth":113,"text":19520,"children":19521},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19522,19524,19525],{"id":18364,"depth":132,"text":19523},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18429,"depth":132,"text":18430},{"id":18503,"depth":132,"text":18504},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":19527},[19528,19529,19531,19533],{"id":18607,"depth":132,"text":18608},{"id":18790,"depth":132,"text":19530},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18924,"depth":132,"text":19532},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19077,"depth":132,"text":19534},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19168,"depth":113,"text":19169},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":19537},[19538,19540,19541,19542],{"id":19374,"depth":132,"text":19539},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19383,"depth":132,"text":19384},{"id":19392,"depth":132,"text":19393},{"id":19399,"depth":132,"text":19400},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17092,"description":19544},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19551,"title":19552,"body":19553,"description":21381,"extension":1845,"meta":21382,"navigation":237,"path":21383,"seo":21384,"stem":21385,"__hash__":21386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19554,"toc":21348},[19555,19560,19566,19577,19707,19714,19719,19723,19739,19741,19839,19842,19859,19863,19865,19870,19908,19911,19929,19931,20049,20054,20058,20074,20077,20213,20216,20221,20227,20230,20267,20270,20274,20279,20355,20359,20364,20446,20448,20464,20469,20473,20479,20548,20551,20568,20571,20653,20658,20661,20681,20685,20690,20696,20702,20773,20776,20782,20785,20859,20866,20872,20880,20890,20892,20987,20993,20998,21084,21090,21092,21097,21119,21122,21217,21220,21251,21264,21266,21274,21280,21286,21289,21295,21300,21307,21312,21314,21345],[10,19556,11197,19558,11201],{"id":19557},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19559,10619],{},[24,19561,19562,19563,19565],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19564,10619],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[24,19567,19568,19569,1263,19572,2279,19574,19576],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19570,19571],{},"KeyError",[15,19573,10619],{},[15,19575,3653],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[75,19578,19580],{"className":77,"code":19579,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19581,19582,19618,19622,19648,19673],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19583,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19585,13088],{"class":90},[84,19587,95],{"class":94},[84,19589,10371],{"class":102},[84,19591,854],{"class":387},[84,19593,7544],{"class":391},[84,19595,854],{"class":387},[84,19597,881],{"class":102},[84,19599,3230],{"class":387},[84,19601,12763],{"class":391},[84,19603,854],{"class":387},[84,19605,282],{"class":102},[84,19607,3230],{"class":387},[84,19609,9178],{"class":391},[84,19611,854],{"class":387},[84,19613,881],{"class":102},[84,19615,9185],{"class":106},[84,19617,9188],{"class":102},[84,19619,19620],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19621,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,19623,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,19625,116],{"class":98},[84,19627,103],{"class":102},[84,19629,17189],{"class":121},[84,19631,425],{"class":102},[84,19633,19634],{"class":121},"get",[84,19636,103],{"class":102},[84,19638,854],{"class":387},[84,19640,7544],{"class":391},[84,19642,854],{"class":387},[84,19644,147],{"class":102},[84,19646,19647],{"class":128},"           # Ana\n",[84,19649,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,19651,116],{"class":98},[84,19653,103],{"class":102},[84,19655,17189],{"class":121},[84,19657,425],{"class":102},[84,19659,19634],{"class":121},[84,19661,103],{"class":102},[84,19663,854],{"class":387},[84,19665,10289],{"class":391},[84,19667,854],{"class":387},[84,19669,147],{"class":102},[84,19671,19672],{"class":128},"           # None\n",[84,19674,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19700,19702,19704],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,19676,116],{"class":98},[84,19678,103],{"class":102},[84,19680,17189],{"class":121},[84,19682,425],{"class":102},[84,19684,19634],{"class":121},[84,19686,103],{"class":102},[84,19688,854],{"class":387},[84,19690,10289],{"class":391},[84,19692,854],{"class":387},[84,19694,282],{"class":102},[84,19696,3230],{"class":387},[84,19698,19699],{"class":391},"N\u002FA",[84,19701,854],{"class":387},[84,19703,147],{"class":102},[84,19705,19706],{"class":128},"    # N\u002FA\n",[24,19708,153,19709,19711,19712,425],{},[15,19710,10619],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19713,19571],{},[70,19715,429,19717,3554],{"id":19716},"what-get-does",[15,19718,10619],{},[24,19720,1862,19721,11292],{},[15,19722,10619],{},[33,19724,19725,19728,19733,19736],{},[36,19726,19727],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[36,19729,11303,19730,19732],{},[15,19731,3653],{}," if the key does not exist",[36,19734,19735],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[36,19737,19738],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[24,19740,190],{},[75,19742,19744],{"className":77,"code":19743,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19745,19746,19785,19789,19814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19747,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19767,19769,19771,19773,19776,19778,19780,19783],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19749,12746],{"class":90},[84,19751,95],{"class":94},[84,19753,10371],{"class":102},[84,19755,854],{"class":387},[84,19757,7544],{"class":391},[84,19759,854],{"class":387},[84,19761,881],{"class":102},[84,19763,3230],{"class":387},[84,19765,19766],{"class":391},"Lina",[84,19768,854],{"class":387},[84,19770,282],{"class":102},[84,19772,3230],{"class":387},[84,19774,19775],{"class":391},"grade",[84,19777,854],{"class":387},[84,19779,881],{"class":102},[84,19781,19782],{"class":106}," 90",[84,19784,9188],{"class":102},[84,19786,19787],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19788,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,19790,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,19792,116],{"class":98},[84,19794,103],{"class":102},[84,19796,13509],{"class":121},[84,19798,425],{"class":102},[84,19800,19634],{"class":121},[84,19802,103],{"class":102},[84,19804,854],{"class":387},[84,19806,7544],{"class":391},[84,19808,854],{"class":387},[84,19810,147],{"class":102},[84,19812,19813],{"class":128},"     # Lina\n",[84,19815,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,19817,116],{"class":98},[84,19819,103],{"class":102},[84,19821,13509],{"class":121},[84,19823,425],{"class":102},[84,19825,19634],{"class":121},[84,19827,103],{"class":102},[84,19829,854],{"class":387},[84,19831,15142],{"class":391},[84,19833,854],{"class":387},[84,19835,147],{"class":102},[84,19837,19838],{"class":128},"    # None\n",[24,19840,19841],{},"In this example:",[33,19843,19844,19849],{},[36,19845,19846,19848],{},[15,19847,15123],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[36,19850,19851,19854,19855,2279,19857],{},[15,19852,19853],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19856,10619],{},[15,19858,3653],{},[24,19860,12903,19861,425],{},[419,19862,9034],{"href":9033},[70,19864,2038],{"id":2037},[24,19866,19867,19868,881],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19869,10619],{},[75,19871,19873],{"className":77,"code":19872,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19874,19875,19889],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19876,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19878,15486],{"class":90},[84,19880,425],{"class":102},[84,19882,19634],{"class":121},[84,19884,103],{"class":102},[84,19886,14725],{"class":121},[84,19888,110],{"class":102},[84,19890,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19906],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19892,15486],{"class":90},[84,19894,425],{"class":102},[84,19896,19634],{"class":121},[84,19898,103],{"class":102},[84,19900,14725],{"class":121},[84,19902,282],{"class":102},[84,19904,19905],{"class":121}," default_value",[84,19907,110],{"class":102},[24,19909,19910],{},"What each part means:",[33,19912,19913,19918,19924],{},[36,19914,19915,19917],{},[15,19916,14725],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[36,19919,19920,19923],{},[15,19921,19922],{},"default_value"," is optional",[36,19925,19926,19927],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19928,3653],{},[24,19930,190],{},[75,19932,19934],{"className":77,"code":19933,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19935,19936,19960,19964,19989,20015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19937,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19939,13709],{"class":90},[84,19941,95],{"class":94},[84,19943,10371],{"class":102},[84,19945,854],{"class":387},[84,19947,12376],{"class":391},[84,19949,854],{"class":387},[84,19951,881],{"class":102},[84,19953,3230],{"class":387},[84,19955,12385],{"class":391},[84,19957,854],{"class":387},[84,19959,9188],{"class":102},[84,19961,19962],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,19963,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,19965,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,19967,116],{"class":98},[84,19969,103],{"class":102},[84,19971,13768],{"class":121},[84,19973,425],{"class":102},[84,19975,19634],{"class":121},[84,19977,103],{"class":102},[84,19979,854],{"class":387},[84,19981,12376],{"class":391},[84,19983,854],{"class":387},[84,19985,147],{"class":102},[84,19987,19988],{"class":128},"            # dark\n",[84,19990,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20008,20010,20012],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,19992,116],{"class":98},[84,19994,103],{"class":102},[84,19996,13768],{"class":121},[84,19998,425],{"class":102},[84,20000,19634],{"class":121},[84,20002,103],{"class":102},[84,20004,854],{"class":387},[84,20006,20007],{"class":391},"language",[84,20009,854],{"class":387},[84,20011,147],{"class":102},[84,20013,20014],{"class":128},"         # None\n",[84,20016,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20042,20044,20046],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,20018,116],{"class":98},[84,20020,103],{"class":102},[84,20022,13768],{"class":121},[84,20024,425],{"class":102},[84,20026,19634],{"class":121},[84,20028,103],{"class":102},[84,20030,854],{"class":387},[84,20032,20007],{"class":391},[84,20034,854],{"class":387},[84,20036,282],{"class":102},[84,20038,3230],{"class":387},[84,20040,20041],{"class":391},"en",[84,20043,854],{"class":387},[84,20045,147],{"class":102},[84,20047,20048],{"class":128},"   # en\n",[70,20050,792,20052],{"id":20051},"when-to-use-get",[15,20053,10619],{},[24,20055,153,20056,799],{},[15,20057,10619],{},[33,20059,20060,20063,20068,20071],{},[36,20061,20062],{},"A key might not exist",[36,20064,20065,20066],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20067,19571],{},[36,20069,20070],{},"You are reading optional data",[36,20072,20073],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[24,20075,20076],{},"Example with optional user data:",[75,20078,20080],{"className":77,"code":20079,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20081,20082,20124,20128,20153,20179],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20083,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20120,20122],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20085,11368],{"class":90},[84,20087,95],{"class":94},[84,20089,10371],{"class":102},[84,20091,854],{"class":387},[84,20093,7863],{"class":391},[84,20095,854],{"class":387},[84,20097,881],{"class":102},[84,20099,3230],{"class":387},[84,20101,20102],{"class":391},"sam",[84,20104,854],{"class":387},[84,20106,282],{"class":102},[84,20108,3230],{"class":387},[84,20110,15142],{"class":391},[84,20112,854],{"class":387},[84,20114,881],{"class":102},[84,20116,3230],{"class":387},[84,20118,20119],{"class":391},"sam@example.com",[84,20121,854],{"class":387},[84,20123,9188],{"class":102},[84,20125,20126],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20127,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20129,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20131,116],{"class":98},[84,20133,103],{"class":102},[84,20135,11462],{"class":121},[84,20137,425],{"class":102},[84,20139,19634],{"class":121},[84,20141,103],{"class":102},[84,20143,854],{"class":387},[84,20145,7863],{"class":391},[84,20147,854],{"class":387},[84,20149,147],{"class":102},[84,20151,20152],{"class":128},"              # sam\n",[84,20154,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20172,20174,20176],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,20156,116],{"class":98},[84,20158,103],{"class":102},[84,20160,11462],{"class":121},[84,20162,425],{"class":102},[84,20164,19634],{"class":121},[84,20166,103],{"class":102},[84,20168,854],{"class":387},[84,20170,20171],{"class":391},"phone",[84,20173,854],{"class":387},[84,20175,147],{"class":102},[84,20177,20178],{"class":128},"                 # None\n",[84,20180,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20206,20208,20210],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,20182,116],{"class":98},[84,20184,103],{"class":102},[84,20186,11462],{"class":121},[84,20188,425],{"class":102},[84,20190,19634],{"class":121},[84,20192,103],{"class":102},[84,20194,854],{"class":387},[84,20196,20171],{"class":391},[84,20198,854],{"class":387},[84,20200,282],{"class":102},[84,20202,3230],{"class":387},[84,20204,20205],{"class":391},"Not provided",[84,20207,854],{"class":387},[84,20209,147],{"class":102},[84,20211,20212],{"class":128}," # Not provided\n",[24,20214,20215],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[24,20217,20218,20219,425],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[419,20220,16480],{"href":16479},[70,20222,20224,20226],{"id":20223},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20225,10619],{}," vs square brackets",[24,20228,20229],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[75,20231,20233],{"className":77,"code":20232,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20234,20235,20249],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20236,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20238,9083],{"class":90},[84,20240,292],{"class":102},[84,20242,854],{"class":387},[84,20244,14725],{"class":391},[84,20246,854],{"class":387},[84,20248,317],{"class":102},[84,20250,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20252,9083],{"class":90},[84,20254,425],{"class":102},[84,20256,19634],{"class":121},[84,20258,103],{"class":102},[84,20260,854],{"class":387},[84,20262,14725],{"class":391},[84,20264,854],{"class":387},[84,20266,110],{"class":102},[24,20268,20269],{},"The difference is important.",[1667,20271,20273],{"id":20272},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[24,20275,20276,20277,425],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20278,19571],{},[75,20280,20282],{"className":77,"code":20281,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20283,20284,20308,20312,20334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20285,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20287,9044],{"class":90},[84,20289,95],{"class":94},[84,20291,10371],{"class":102},[84,20293,854],{"class":387},[84,20295,7544],{"class":391},[84,20297,854],{"class":387},[84,20299,881],{"class":102},[84,20301,3230],{"class":387},[84,20303,12763],{"class":391},[84,20305,854],{"class":387},[84,20307,9188],{"class":102},[84,20309,20310],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20311,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20313,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20331],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20315,116],{"class":98},[84,20317,103],{"class":102},[84,20319,9083],{"class":121},[84,20321,292],{"class":102},[84,20323,854],{"class":387},[84,20325,7544],{"class":391},[84,20327,854],{"class":387},[84,20329,20330],{"class":102},"])",[84,20332,20333],{"class":128},"   # Ana\n",[84,20335,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,20337,116],{"class":98},[84,20339,103],{"class":102},[84,20341,9083],{"class":121},[84,20343,292],{"class":102},[84,20345,854],{"class":387},[84,20347,10289],{"class":391},[84,20349,854],{"class":387},[84,20351,20330],{"class":102},[84,20353,20354],{"class":128},"   # KeyError\n",[1667,20356,20357],{"id":19634},[15,20358,10619],{},[24,20360,20361,20363],{},[15,20362,10619],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[75,20365,20367],{"className":77,"code":20366,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20368,20369,20393,20397,20421],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20370,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20372,9044],{"class":90},[84,20374,95],{"class":94},[84,20376,10371],{"class":102},[84,20378,854],{"class":387},[84,20380,7544],{"class":391},[84,20382,854],{"class":387},[84,20384,881],{"class":102},[84,20386,3230],{"class":387},[84,20388,12763],{"class":391},[84,20390,854],{"class":387},[84,20392,9188],{"class":102},[84,20394,20395],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20396,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20398,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20400,116],{"class":98},[84,20402,103],{"class":102},[84,20404,9083],{"class":121},[84,20406,425],{"class":102},[84,20408,19634],{"class":121},[84,20410,103],{"class":102},[84,20412,854],{"class":387},[84,20414,7544],{"class":391},[84,20416,854],{"class":387},[84,20418,147],{"class":102},[84,20420,20333],{"class":128},[84,20422,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,20424,116],{"class":98},[84,20426,103],{"class":102},[84,20428,9083],{"class":121},[84,20430,425],{"class":102},[84,20432,19634],{"class":121},[84,20434,103],{"class":102},[84,20436,854],{"class":387},[84,20438,10289],{"class":391},[84,20440,854],{"class":387},[84,20442,147],{"class":102},[84,20444,20445],{"class":128},"   # None\n",[24,20447,18578],{},[33,20449,20450,20456],{},[36,20451,20452,20453],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[42,20454,20455],{},"must exist",[36,20457,20458,20460,20461],{},[15,20459,10619],{}," when the key is ",[42,20462,20463],{},"optional",[24,20465,20466,20467,425],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[419,20468,11141],{"href":10954},[70,20470,20472],{"id":20471},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[24,20474,20475,20476,20478],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20477,10619],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[75,20480,20482],{"className":77,"code":20481,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20483,20484,20509,20513],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20485,20486,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20487,20488],{"class":90},"profile ",[84,20490,95],{"class":94},[84,20492,10371],{"class":102},[84,20494,854],{"class":387},[84,20496,7544],{"class":391},[84,20498,854],{"class":387},[84,20500,881],{"class":102},[84,20502,3230],{"class":387},[84,20504,7799],{"class":391},[84,20506,854],{"class":387},[84,20508,9188],{"class":102},[84,20510,20511],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20512,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20514,20515,20517,20519,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20541,20543,20545],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20516,116],{"class":98},[84,20518,103],{"class":102},[84,20520,20521],{"class":121},"profile",[84,20523,425],{"class":102},[84,20525,19634],{"class":121},[84,20527,103],{"class":102},[84,20529,854],{"class":387},[84,20531,15145],{"class":391},[84,20533,854],{"class":387},[84,20535,282],{"class":102},[84,20537,3230],{"class":387},[84,20539,20540],{"class":391},"Unknown",[84,20542,854],{"class":387},[84,20544,147],{"class":102},[84,20546,20547],{"class":128},"  # Unknown\n",[24,20549,20550],{},"This is useful for display text:",[33,20552,20553,20558,20563],{},[36,20554,20555],{},[15,20556,20557],{},"\"Unknown\"",[36,20559,20560],{},[15,20561,20562],{},"\"Not set\"",[36,20564,20565],{},[15,20566,20567],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[24,20569,20570],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[75,20572,20574],{"className":77,"code":20573,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20575,20576,20608,20612,20639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20577,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20579,4937],{"class":90},[84,20581,95],{"class":94},[84,20583,10371],{"class":102},[84,20585,854],{"class":387},[84,20587,18300],{"class":391},[84,20589,854],{"class":387},[84,20591,881],{"class":102},[84,20593,573],{"class":106},[84,20595,282],{"class":102},[84,20597,3230],{"class":387},[84,20599,18309],{"class":391},[84,20601,854],{"class":387},[84,20603,881],{"class":102},[84,20605,6232],{"class":106},[84,20607,9188],{"class":102},[84,20609,20610],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20611,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20613,20614,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20615,20616],{"class":90},"total_history ",[84,20618,95],{"class":94},[84,20620,4984],{"class":90},[84,20622,425],{"class":102},[84,20624,19634],{"class":121},[84,20626,103],{"class":102},[84,20628,854],{"class":387},[84,20630,18318],{"class":391},[84,20632,854],{"class":387},[84,20634,282],{"class":102},[84,20636,3709],{"class":106},[84,20638,110],{"class":102},[84,20640,20641,20643,20645,20648,20650],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,20642,116],{"class":98},[84,20644,103],{"class":102},[84,20646,20647],{"class":121},"total_history",[84,20649,125],{"class":102},[84,20651,20652],{"class":128},"   # 0\n",[24,20654,532,20655,20657],{},[15,20656,279],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[24,20659,20660],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[33,20662,20663,20666,20671,20676],{},[36,20664,20665],{},"Use a string for text",[36,20667,153,20668,20670],{},[15,20669,279],{}," for numbers",[36,20672,153,20673,20675],{},[15,20674,3662],{}," for lists if needed",[36,20677,153,20678,20680],{},[15,20679,3667],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[70,20682,20684],{"id":20683},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[24,20686,20687,20688,425],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20689,10619],{},[1667,20691,20693,20695],{"id":20692},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20694,10619],{}," does not add a missing key",[24,20697,20698,20699,20701],{},"This code does ",[42,20700,1367],{}," create a new key:",[75,20703,20705],{"className":77,"code":20704,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20706,20707,20731,20735,20760],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20708,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20710,13088],{"class":90},[84,20712,95],{"class":94},[84,20714,10371],{"class":102},[84,20716,854],{"class":387},[84,20718,7544],{"class":391},[84,20720,854],{"class":387},[84,20722,881],{"class":102},[84,20724,3230],{"class":387},[84,20726,12763],{"class":391},[84,20728,854],{"class":387},[84,20730,9188],{"class":102},[84,20732,20733],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20734,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20736,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20738,116],{"class":98},[84,20740,103],{"class":102},[84,20742,17189],{"class":121},[84,20744,425],{"class":102},[84,20746,19634],{"class":121},[84,20748,103],{"class":102},[84,20750,854],{"class":387},[84,20752,10289],{"class":391},[84,20754,854],{"class":387},[84,20756,147],{"class":102},[84,20758,20759],{"class":128},"  # None\n",[84,20761,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,20763,116],{"class":98},[84,20765,103],{"class":102},[84,20767,17189],{"class":121},[84,20769,125],{"class":102},[84,20771,20772],{"class":128},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[24,20774,20775],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1667,20777,20779,20781],{"id":20778},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20780,10619],{}," does not change the dictionary",[24,20783,20784],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[75,20786,20788],{"className":77,"code":20787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20789,20790,20816,20820,20846],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20791,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20803,20805,20807,20809,20812,20814],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20793,13709],{"class":90},[84,20795,95],{"class":94},[84,20797,10371],{"class":102},[84,20799,854],{"class":387},[84,20801,20802],{"class":391},"mode",[84,20804,854],{"class":387},[84,20806,881],{"class":102},[84,20808,3230],{"class":387},[84,20810,20811],{"class":391},"light",[84,20813,854],{"class":387},[84,20815,9188],{"class":102},[84,20817,20818],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20819,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20821,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840,20842,20844],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20823,13768],{"class":90},[84,20825,425],{"class":102},[84,20827,19634],{"class":121},[84,20829,103],{"class":102},[84,20831,854],{"class":387},[84,20833,12376],{"class":391},[84,20835,854],{"class":387},[84,20837,282],{"class":102},[84,20839,3230],{"class":387},[84,20841,12385],{"class":391},[84,20843,854],{"class":387},[84,20845,110],{"class":102},[84,20847,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,20849,116],{"class":98},[84,20851,103],{"class":102},[84,20853,13768],{"class":121},[84,20855,125],{"class":102},[84,20857,20858],{"class":128},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[24,20860,20861,20862,20865],{},"Even though ",[15,20863,20864],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1667,20867,20869,20870],{"id":20868},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20871,3653],{},[24,20873,20874,20875,2279,20877,20879],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20876,10619],{},[15,20878,3653],{}," because:",[33,20881,20882,20885],{},[36,20883,20884],{},"The key is missing, or",[36,20886,20887,20888],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20889,3653],{},[24,20891,190],{},[75,20893,20895],{"className":77,"code":20894,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20896,20897,20934,20938,20962],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20898,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20926,20928,20930,20932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20900,9044],{"class":90},[84,20902,95],{"class":94},[84,20904,10371],{"class":102},[84,20906,854],{"class":387},[84,20908,7544],{"class":391},[84,20910,854],{"class":387},[84,20912,881],{"class":102},[84,20914,3230],{"class":387},[84,20916,12763],{"class":391},[84,20918,854],{"class":387},[84,20920,282],{"class":102},[84,20922,3230],{"class":387},[84,20924,20925],{"class":391},"nickname",[84,20927,854],{"class":387},[84,20929,881],{"class":102},[84,20931,3728],{"class":659},[84,20933,9188],{"class":102},[84,20935,20936],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,20937,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,20939,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,20941,116],{"class":98},[84,20943,103],{"class":102},[84,20945,9083],{"class":121},[84,20947,425],{"class":102},[84,20949,19634],{"class":121},[84,20951,103],{"class":102},[84,20953,854],{"class":387},[84,20955,20925],{"class":391},[84,20957,854],{"class":387},[84,20959,147],{"class":102},[84,20961,20759],{"class":128},[84,20963,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,20965,116],{"class":98},[84,20967,103],{"class":102},[84,20969,9083],{"class":121},[84,20971,425],{"class":102},[84,20973,19634],{"class":121},[84,20975,103],{"class":102},[84,20977,854],{"class":387},[84,20979,10289],{"class":391},[84,20981,854],{"class":387},[84,20983,147],{"class":102},[84,20985,20986],{"class":128},"      # None\n",[24,20988,20989,20990,20992],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20991,3653],{},", but they mean different things.",[24,20994,20995,20996,881],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20997,476],{},[75,20999,21001],{"className":77,"code":21000,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21002,21003,21039,21043,21063],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21004,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21006,9044],{"class":90},[84,21008,95],{"class":94},[84,21010,10371],{"class":102},[84,21012,854],{"class":387},[84,21014,7544],{"class":391},[84,21016,854],{"class":387},[84,21018,881],{"class":102},[84,21020,3230],{"class":387},[84,21022,12763],{"class":391},[84,21024,854],{"class":387},[84,21026,282],{"class":102},[84,21028,3230],{"class":387},[84,21030,20925],{"class":391},[84,21032,854],{"class":387},[84,21034,881],{"class":102},[84,21036,3728],{"class":659},[84,21038,9188],{"class":102},[84,21040,21041],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21042,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21044,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,21046,116],{"class":98},[84,21048,103],{"class":102},[84,21050,854],{"class":387},[84,21052,20925],{"class":391},[84,21054,854],{"class":387},[84,21056,620],{"class":470},[84,21058,14450],{"class":121},[84,21060,125],{"class":102},[84,21062,3538],{"class":128},[84,21064,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,21066,116],{"class":98},[84,21068,103],{"class":102},[84,21070,854],{"class":387},[84,21072,10289],{"class":391},[84,21074,854],{"class":387},[84,21076,620],{"class":470},[84,21078,14450],{"class":121},[84,21080,125],{"class":102},[84,21082,21083],{"class":128},"      # False\n",[24,21085,21086,21087,425],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[419,21088,21089],{"href":17035},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[70,21091,1434],{"id":1433},[24,21093,21094,21095,881],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21096,10619],{},[33,21098,21099,21104,21111,21116],{},[36,21100,21101,21102],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21103,19571],{},[36,21105,4577,21106,2279,21108,21110],{},[15,21107,10619],{},[15,21109,3653],{}," if no default is provided",[36,21112,4454,21113,21115],{},[15,21114,10619],{}," creates a key automatically",[36,21117,21118],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[24,21120,21121],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[75,21123,21125],{"className":77,"code":21124,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21126,21127,21137,21151,21169,21191],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21128,21129,21131,21133,21135],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21130,116],{"class":98},[84,21132,103],{"class":102},[84,21134,11329],{"class":121},[84,21136,110],{"class":102},[84,21138,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21140,116],{"class":98},[84,21142,103],{"class":102},[84,21144,11329],{"class":121},[84,21146,425],{"class":102},[84,21148,16806],{"class":121},[84,21150,7069],{"class":102},[84,21152,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,21154,116],{"class":98},[84,21156,103],{"class":102},[84,21158,394],{"class":387},[84,21160,7544],{"class":391},[84,21162,394],{"class":387},[84,21164,620],{"class":470},[84,21166,11647],{"class":121},[84,21168,110],{"class":102},[84,21170,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,21172,116],{"class":98},[84,21174,103],{"class":102},[84,21176,11329],{"class":121},[84,21178,425],{"class":102},[84,21180,19634],{"class":121},[84,21182,103],{"class":102},[84,21184,394],{"class":387},[84,21186,7544],{"class":391},[84,21188,394],{"class":387},[84,21190,232],{"class":102},[84,21192,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,21194,116],{"class":98},[84,21196,103],{"class":102},[84,21198,334],{"class":139},[84,21200,103],{"class":102},[84,21202,11329],{"class":121},[84,21204,425],{"class":102},[84,21206,19634],{"class":121},[84,21208,103],{"class":102},[84,21210,394],{"class":387},[84,21212,7544],{"class":391},[84,21214,394],{"class":387},[84,21216,345],{"class":102},[24,21218,21219],{},"What these checks tell you:",[33,21221,21222,21227,21233,21239,21245],{},[36,21223,21224,21226],{},[15,21225,12561],{}," shows the full dictionary",[36,21228,21229,21232],{},[15,21230,21231],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[36,21234,21235,21238],{},[15,21236,21237],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[36,21240,21241,21244],{},[15,21242,21243],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[36,21246,21247,21250],{},[15,21248,21249],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[24,21252,21253,21254,28,21259,21263],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[419,21255,21256,21257,10620],{"href":16944},"the dictionary ",[15,21258,16947],{},[419,21260,21256,21261,10620],{"href":16957},[15,21262,16960],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[70,21265,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,21267,12586,21269,21271,21272,1689],{"id":21268},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21270,10619],{}," raise ",[15,21273,19571],{},[24,21275,21276,21277,21279],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21278,3653],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1667,21281,12586,21283,21285],{"id":21282},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21284,10619],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[24,21287,21288],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1667,21290,21292,21293,1689],{"id":21291},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21294,10619],{},[24,21296,21297,21299],{},[15,21298,3653],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1667,21301,21303,21304,21306],{"id":21302},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21305,10619],{}," or square brackets?",[24,21308,153,21309,21311],{},[15,21310,10619],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[70,21313,1777],{"id":1776},[33,21315,21316,21320,21326,21332,21336,21341],{},[36,21317,21318],{},[419,21319,9034],{"href":9033},[36,21321,21322],{},[419,21323,10616,21324,10620],{"href":16944},[15,21325,16947],{},[36,21327,21328],{},[419,21329,10616,21330,10620],{"href":16957},[15,21331,16960],{},[36,21333,21334],{},[419,21335,17036],{"href":17035},[36,21337,21338],{},[419,21339,21340],{"href":16479},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[36,21342,21343],{},[419,21344,11141],{"href":10954},[1814,21346,21347],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":21349},[21350,21352,21353,21355,21360,21361,21369,21370,21380],{"id":19716,"depth":113,"text":21351},"What get() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":20051,"depth":113,"text":21354},"When to use get()",{"id":20223,"depth":113,"text":21356,"children":21357},"get() vs square brackets",[21358,21359],{"id":20272,"depth":132,"text":20273},{"id":19634,"depth":132,"text":10619},{"id":20471,"depth":113,"text":20472},{"id":20683,"depth":113,"text":20684,"children":21362},[21363,21365,21367],{"id":20692,"depth":132,"text":21364},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20778,"depth":132,"text":21366},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20868,"depth":132,"text":21368},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":21371},[21372,21374,21376,21378],{"id":21268,"depth":132,"text":21373},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21282,"depth":132,"text":21375},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21291,"depth":132,"text":21377},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21302,"depth":132,"text":21379},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19552,"description":21381},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21388,"title":21389,"body":21390,"description":23943,"extension":1845,"meta":23944,"navigation":237,"path":23945,"seo":23946,"stem":23947,"__hash__":23948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21391,"toc":23909},[21392,21397,21403,21409,21411,21493,21497,21514,21519,21524,21529,21531,21545,21547,21610,21614,21654,21662,21664,21666,21681,21684,21697,21699,21778,21782,21848,21850,21854,21861,21863,21873,21875,21985,21989,22068,22074,22080,22085,22198,22202,22234,22237,22344,22350,22357,22361,22364,22466,22470,22531,22534,22537,22548,22557,22560,22577,22579,22678,22682,22757,22760,22783,22788,22793,22810,22812,22933,22937,22971,22973,22978,22985,22995,22997,23075,23078,23149,23159,23162,23194,23197,23236,23242,23249,23252,23343,23347,23428,23434,23437,23440,23544,23547,23550,23672,23676,23679,23746,23750,23787,23793,23795,23801,23806,23812,23819,23825,23828,23867,23873,23876,23878,23906],[10,21393,11197,21395,11201],{"id":21394},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21396,16960],{},[24,21398,1862,21399,21402],{},[15,21400,21401],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[24,21404,21405,21406,21408],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21407,16960],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[70,21410,1887],{"id":1886},[75,21412,21414],{"className":77,"code":21413,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21415,21416,21452,21456,21479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21417,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21419,13088],{"class":90},[84,21421,95],{"class":94},[84,21423,10371],{"class":102},[84,21425,854],{"class":387},[84,21427,7544],{"class":391},[84,21429,854],{"class":387},[84,21431,881],{"class":102},[84,21433,3230],{"class":387},[84,21435,12763],{"class":391},[84,21437,854],{"class":387},[84,21439,282],{"class":102},[84,21441,3230],{"class":387},[84,21443,9178],{"class":391},[84,21445,854],{"class":387},[84,21447,881],{"class":102},[84,21449,9185],{"class":106},[84,21451,9188],{"class":102},[84,21453,21454],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21455,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21457,21458,21460,21463,21465,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,21459,440],{"class":470},[84,21461,21462],{"class":90}," key",[84,21464,282],{"class":102},[84,21466,21467],{"class":90}," value ",[84,21469,476],{"class":470},[84,21471,13131],{"class":90},[84,21473,425],{"class":102},[84,21475,7687],{"class":121},[84,21477,21478],{"class":102},"():\n",[84,21480,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,21482,490],{"class":98},[84,21484,103],{"class":102},[84,21486,14725],{"class":121},[84,21488,282],{"class":102},[84,21490,8309],{"class":121},[84,21492,110],{"class":102},[24,21494,21495],{},[42,21496,265],{},[75,21498,21500],{"className":77,"code":21499,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21501,21502,21507],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21503,21504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21505,21506],{"class":90},"name Ana\n",[84,21508,21509,21512],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21510,21511],{"class":90},"age ",[84,21513,2590],{"class":106},[24,21515,153,21516,21518],{},[15,21517,16960],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[70,21520,429,21522,3554],{"id":21521},"what-items-does",[15,21523,16960],{},[24,21525,21526,21528],{},[15,21527,16960],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[24,21530,11338],{},[33,21532,21533,21539,21542],{},[36,21534,21535,21536],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21537,21538],{},"(key, value)",[36,21540,21541],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[36,21543,21544],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[24,21546,190],{},[75,21548,21550],{"className":77,"code":21549,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21551,21552,21588,21592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21553,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21555,13088],{"class":90},[84,21557,95],{"class":94},[84,21559,10371],{"class":102},[84,21561,854],{"class":387},[84,21563,7544],{"class":391},[84,21565,854],{"class":387},[84,21567,881],{"class":102},[84,21569,3230],{"class":387},[84,21571,12763],{"class":391},[84,21573,854],{"class":387},[84,21575,282],{"class":102},[84,21577,3230],{"class":387},[84,21579,9178],{"class":391},[84,21581,854],{"class":387},[84,21583,881],{"class":102},[84,21585,9185],{"class":106},[84,21587,9188],{"class":102},[84,21589,21590],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21591,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21593,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,21595,116],{"class":98},[84,21597,103],{"class":102},[84,21599,140],{"class":139},[84,21601,103],{"class":102},[84,21603,17189],{"class":121},[84,21605,425],{"class":102},[84,21607,7687],{"class":121},[84,21609,6162],{"class":102},[24,21611,21612],{},[42,21613,265],{},[75,21615,21617],{"className":77,"code":21616,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21618,21619],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21620,21621,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21622,21623],{"class":102},"[(",[84,21625,394],{"class":387},[84,21627,7544],{"class":391},[84,21629,394],{"class":387},[84,21631,282],{"class":102},[84,21633,388],{"class":387},[84,21635,12763],{"class":391},[84,21637,394],{"class":387},[84,21639,9112],{"class":102},[84,21641,9115],{"class":102},[84,21643,394],{"class":387},[84,21645,9178],{"class":391},[84,21647,394],{"class":387},[84,21649,282],{"class":102},[84,21651,9185],{"class":106},[84,21653,9128],{"class":102},[24,21655,21656,21657,2759,21659,425],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[419,21658,9034],{"href":12906},[419,21660,14908],{"href":21661},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[70,21663,2038],{"id":2037},[24,21665,5308],{},[75,21667,21669],{"className":77,"code":21668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21670,21671],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21672,21673,21675,21677,21679],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21674,11329],{"class":90},[84,21676,425],{"class":102},[84,21678,7687],{"class":121},[84,21680,8520],{"class":102},[24,21682,21683],{},"Things to remember:",[33,21685,21686,21691,21694],{},[36,21687,21688,21690],{},[15,21689,16960],{}," does not take any arguments",[36,21692,21693],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[36,21695,21696],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[24,21698,190],{},[75,21700,21702],{"className":77,"code":21701,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21703,21704,21736,21740,21754,21758,21768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21705,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21707,4937],{"class":90},[84,21709,95],{"class":94},[84,21711,10371],{"class":102},[84,21713,854],{"class":387},[84,21715,4877],{"class":391},[84,21717,854],{"class":387},[84,21719,881],{"class":102},[84,21721,19782],{"class":106},[84,21723,282],{"class":102},[84,21725,3230],{"class":387},[84,21727,4886],{"class":391},[84,21729,854],{"class":387},[84,21731,881],{"class":102},[84,21733,13391],{"class":106},[84,21735,9188],{"class":102},[84,21737,21738],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21739,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21741,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,21743,2110],{"class":90},[84,21745,95],{"class":94},[84,21747,4984],{"class":90},[84,21749,425],{"class":102},[84,21751,7687],{"class":121},[84,21753,8520],{"class":102},[84,21755,21756],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,21757,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21759,21760,21762,21764,21766],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,21761,116],{"class":98},[84,21763,103],{"class":102},[84,21765,2145],{"class":121},[84,21767,110],{"class":102},[84,21769,21770,21772,21774,21776],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,21771,116],{"class":98},[84,21773,103],{"class":102},[84,21775,16271],{"class":121},[84,21777,110],{"class":102},[24,21779,21780],{},[42,21781,265],{},[75,21783,21785],{"className":77,"code":21784,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21786,21787,21820],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21788,21789,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21790,21791],{"class":121},"dict_items",[84,21793,9537],{"class":102},[84,21795,394],{"class":387},[84,21797,4877],{"class":391},[84,21799,394],{"class":387},[84,21801,282],{"class":102},[84,21803,19782],{"class":106},[84,21805,9112],{"class":102},[84,21807,9115],{"class":102},[84,21809,394],{"class":387},[84,21811,4886],{"class":391},[84,21813,394],{"class":387},[84,21815,282],{"class":102},[84,21817,13391],{"class":106},[84,21819,10558],{"class":102},[84,21821,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21823,9157],{"class":102},[84,21825,394],{"class":387},[84,21827,4877],{"class":391},[84,21829,394],{"class":387},[84,21831,881],{"class":102},[84,21833,19782],{"class":106},[84,21835,282],{"class":102},[84,21837,388],{"class":387},[84,21839,4886],{"class":391},[84,21841,394],{"class":387},[84,21843,881],{"class":102},[84,21845,13391],{"class":106},[84,21847,9188],{"class":102},[24,21849,20775],{},[70,21851,21853],{"id":21852},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[24,21855,21856,173,21858,21860],{},[15,21857,16960],{},[15,21859,21791],{}," view object.",[24,21862,1074],{},[33,21864,21865,21867,21870],{},[36,21866,1079],{},[36,21868,21869],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[36,21871,21872],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[24,21874,190],{},[75,21876,21878],{"className":77,"code":21877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21879,21880,21912,21926,21930,21944,21948,21967,21971],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21881,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21883,9044],{"class":90},[84,21885,95],{"class":94},[84,21887,10371],{"class":102},[84,21889,854],{"class":387},[84,21891,2055],{"class":391},[84,21893,854],{"class":387},[84,21895,881],{"class":102},[84,21897,299],{"class":106},[84,21899,282],{"class":102},[84,21901,3230],{"class":387},[84,21903,11626],{"class":391},[84,21905,854],{"class":387},[84,21907,881],{"class":102},[84,21909,304],{"class":106},[84,21911,9188],{"class":102},[84,21913,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,21915,9094],{"class":90},[84,21917,95],{"class":94},[84,21919,14450],{"class":90},[84,21921,425],{"class":102},[84,21923,7687],{"class":121},[84,21925,8520],{"class":102},[84,21927,21928],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,21929,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21931,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,21933,116],{"class":98},[84,21935,103],{"class":102},[84,21937,140],{"class":139},[84,21939,103],{"class":102},[84,21941,9141],{"class":121},[84,21943,232],{"class":102},[84,21945,21946],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,21947,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21949,21950,21952,21954,21956,21959,21961,21963,21965],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,21951,9083],{"class":90},[84,21953,292],{"class":102},[84,21955,854],{"class":387},[84,21957,21958],{"class":391},"z",[84,21960,854],{"class":387},[84,21962,13157],{"class":102},[84,21964,13160],{"class":94},[84,21966,902],{"class":106},[84,21968,21969],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,21970,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,21972,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,21974,116],{"class":98},[84,21976,103],{"class":102},[84,21978,140],{"class":139},[84,21980,103],{"class":102},[84,21982,9141],{"class":121},[84,21984,232],{"class":102},[24,21986,21987],{},[42,21988,265],{},[75,21990,21992],{"className":77,"code":21991,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21993,21994,22024],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21995,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21997,21623],{"class":102},[84,21999,394],{"class":387},[84,22001,2055],{"class":391},[84,22003,394],{"class":387},[84,22005,282],{"class":102},[84,22007,299],{"class":106},[84,22009,9112],{"class":102},[84,22011,9115],{"class":102},[84,22013,394],{"class":387},[84,22015,11626],{"class":391},[84,22017,394],{"class":387},[84,22019,282],{"class":102},[84,22021,304],{"class":106},[84,22023,9128],{"class":102},[84,22025,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22027,21623],{"class":102},[84,22029,394],{"class":387},[84,22031,2055],{"class":391},[84,22033,394],{"class":387},[84,22035,282],{"class":102},[84,22037,299],{"class":106},[84,22039,9112],{"class":102},[84,22041,9115],{"class":102},[84,22043,394],{"class":387},[84,22045,11626],{"class":391},[84,22047,394],{"class":387},[84,22049,282],{"class":102},[84,22051,304],{"class":106},[84,22053,9112],{"class":102},[84,22055,9115],{"class":102},[84,22057,394],{"class":387},[84,22059,21958],{"class":391},[84,22061,394],{"class":387},[84,22063,282],{"class":102},[84,22065,309],{"class":106},[84,22067,9128],{"class":102},[24,22069,22070,22071,22073],{},"This happens because ",[15,22072,9141],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[70,22075,22077,22078],{"id":22076},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22079,16960],{},[24,22081,22082,22083,881],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22084,16960],{},[75,22086,22088],{"className":77,"code":22087,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22089,22090,22143,22147,22167],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22091,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22093,12746],{"class":90},[84,22095,95],{"class":94},[84,22097,10371],{"class":102},[84,22099,854],{"class":387},[84,22101,7544],{"class":391},[84,22103,854],{"class":387},[84,22105,881],{"class":102},[84,22107,3230],{"class":387},[84,22109,7799],{"class":391},[84,22111,854],{"class":387},[84,22113,282],{"class":102},[84,22115,3230],{"class":387},[84,22117,19775],{"class":391},[84,22119,854],{"class":387},[84,22121,881],{"class":102},[84,22123,3230],{"class":387},[84,22125,22126],{"class":391},"A",[84,22128,854],{"class":387},[84,22130,282],{"class":102},[84,22132,3230],{"class":387},[84,22134,9178],{"class":391},[84,22136,854],{"class":387},[84,22138,881],{"class":102},[84,22140,13741],{"class":106},[84,22142,9188],{"class":102},[84,22144,22145],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22146,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,22148,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22150,440],{"class":470},[84,22152,21462],{"class":90},[84,22154,282],{"class":102},[84,22156,21467],{"class":90},[84,22158,476],{"class":470},[84,22160,12789],{"class":90},[84,22162,425],{"class":102},[84,22164,7687],{"class":121},[84,22166,21478],{"class":102},[84,22168,22169,22171,22173,22176,22178,22180,22182,22185,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,22170,490],{"class":98},[84,22172,103],{"class":102},[84,22174,22175],{"class":383},"f",[84,22177,854],{"class":391},[84,22179,9157],{"class":106},[84,22181,14725],{"class":121},[84,22183,22184],{"class":106},"}",[84,22186,22187],{"class":391},": ",[84,22189,9157],{"class":106},[84,22191,2354],{"class":121},[84,22193,22184],{"class":106},[84,22195,854],{"class":391},[84,22197,110],{"class":102},[24,22199,22200],{},[42,22201,265],{},[75,22203,22205],{"className":77,"code":22204,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22206,22207,22216,22225],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22208,22209,22211,22213],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22210,7544],{"class":90},[84,22212,881],{"class":102},[84,22214,22215],{"class":90}," Mia\n",[84,22217,22218,22220,22222],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22219,19775],{"class":90},[84,22221,881],{"class":102},[84,22223,22224],{"class":90}," A\n",[84,22226,22227,22229,22231],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22228,9178],{"class":90},[84,22230,881],{"class":102},[84,22232,22233],{"class":106}," 14\n",[24,22235,22236],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[75,22238,22240],{"className":77,"code":22239,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22241,22242,22294,22298,22310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22243,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22245,12746],{"class":90},[84,22247,95],{"class":94},[84,22249,10371],{"class":102},[84,22251,854],{"class":387},[84,22253,7544],{"class":391},[84,22255,854],{"class":387},[84,22257,881],{"class":102},[84,22259,3230],{"class":387},[84,22261,7799],{"class":391},[84,22263,854],{"class":387},[84,22265,282],{"class":102},[84,22267,3230],{"class":387},[84,22269,19775],{"class":391},[84,22271,854],{"class":387},[84,22273,881],{"class":102},[84,22275,3230],{"class":387},[84,22277,22126],{"class":391},[84,22279,854],{"class":387},[84,22281,282],{"class":102},[84,22283,3230],{"class":387},[84,22285,9178],{"class":391},[84,22287,854],{"class":387},[84,22289,881],{"class":102},[84,22291,13741],{"class":106},[84,22293,9188],{"class":102},[84,22295,22296],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22297,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,22299,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22301,440],{"class":470},[84,22303,18092],{"class":90},[84,22305,476],{"class":470},[84,22307,12789],{"class":90},[84,22309,6266],{"class":102},[84,22311,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,22313,490],{"class":98},[84,22315,103],{"class":102},[84,22317,22175],{"class":383},[84,22319,854],{"class":391},[84,22321,9157],{"class":106},[84,22323,14725],{"class":121},[84,22325,22184],{"class":106},[84,22327,22187],{"class":391},[84,22329,9157],{"class":106},[84,22331,13509],{"class":121},[84,22333,292],{"class":102},[84,22335,14725],{"class":121},[84,22337,13157],{"class":102},[84,22339,22184],{"class":106},[84,22341,854],{"class":391},[84,22343,110],{"class":102},[24,22345,6384,22346,22349],{},[15,22347,22348],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[24,22351,22352,22353,425],{},"For a full guide, see ",[419,22354,22356],{"href":22355},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[70,22358,22360],{"id":22359},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[24,22362,22363],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[75,22365,22367],{"className":77,"code":22366,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22368,22369,22428,22432,22451,22455],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22370,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22406,22408,22410,22412,22415,22417,22419,22421,22424,22426],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22372,12959],{"class":90},[84,22374,95],{"class":94},[84,22376,10371],{"class":102},[84,22378,854],{"class":387},[84,22380,3952],{"class":391},[84,22382,854],{"class":387},[84,22384,881],{"class":102},[84,22386,3230],{"class":387},[84,22388,12976],{"class":391},[84,22390,854],{"class":387},[84,22392,282],{"class":102},[84,22394,3230],{"class":387},[84,22396,3961],{"class":391},[84,22398,854],{"class":387},[84,22400,881],{"class":102},[84,22402,3230],{"class":387},[84,22404,22405],{"class":391},"yellow",[84,22407,854],{"class":387},[84,22409,282],{"class":102},[84,22411,3230],{"class":387},[84,22413,22414],{"class":391},"grape",[84,22416,854],{"class":387},[84,22418,881],{"class":102},[84,22420,3230],{"class":387},[84,22422,22423],{"class":391},"purple",[84,22425,854],{"class":387},[84,22427,9188],{"class":102},[84,22429,22430],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22431,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,22433,22434,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22435,22436],{"class":90},"pairs_list ",[84,22438,95],{"class":94},[84,22440,220],{"class":139},[84,22442,103],{"class":102},[84,22444,17385],{"class":121},[84,22446,425],{"class":102},[84,22448,7687],{"class":121},[84,22450,7069],{"class":102},[84,22452,22453],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,22454,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,22456,22457,22459,22461,22464],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,22458,116],{"class":98},[84,22460,103],{"class":102},[84,22462,22463],{"class":121},"pairs_list",[84,22465,110],{"class":102},[24,22467,22468],{},[42,22469,265],{},[75,22471,22473],{"className":77,"code":22472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22474,22475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22476,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22478,21623],{"class":102},[84,22480,394],{"class":387},[84,22482,3952],{"class":391},[84,22484,394],{"class":387},[84,22486,282],{"class":102},[84,22488,388],{"class":387},[84,22490,12976],{"class":391},[84,22492,394],{"class":387},[84,22494,9112],{"class":102},[84,22496,9115],{"class":102},[84,22498,394],{"class":387},[84,22500,3961],{"class":391},[84,22502,394],{"class":387},[84,22504,282],{"class":102},[84,22506,388],{"class":387},[84,22508,22405],{"class":391},[84,22510,394],{"class":387},[84,22512,9112],{"class":102},[84,22514,9115],{"class":102},[84,22516,394],{"class":387},[84,22518,22414],{"class":391},[84,22520,394],{"class":387},[84,22522,282],{"class":102},[84,22524,388],{"class":387},[84,22526,22423],{"class":391},[84,22528,394],{"class":387},[84,22530,9128],{"class":102},[24,22532,22533],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[24,22535,22536],{},"Use this when:",[33,22538,22539,22542,22545],{},[36,22540,22541],{},"You want clearer printed output",[36,22543,22544],{},"You need list behavior",[36,22546,22547],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[70,22549,22551,18,22553,18,22555],{"id":22550},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22552,16960],{},[15,22554,16947],{},[15,22556,16953],{},[24,22558,22559],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[33,22561,22562,22567,22572],{},[36,22563,22564,22566],{},[15,22565,16960],{}," gives both key and value",[36,22568,22569,22571],{},[15,22570,16947],{}," gives only keys",[36,22573,22574,22576],{},[15,22575,16953],{}," gives only values",[24,22578,190],{},[75,22580,22582],{"className":77,"code":22581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22583,22584,22620,22624,22642,22660],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22585,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22587,13088],{"class":90},[84,22589,95],{"class":94},[84,22591,10371],{"class":102},[84,22593,854],{"class":387},[84,22595,7544],{"class":391},[84,22597,854],{"class":387},[84,22599,881],{"class":102},[84,22601,3230],{"class":387},[84,22603,12763],{"class":391},[84,22605,854],{"class":387},[84,22607,282],{"class":102},[84,22609,3230],{"class":387},[84,22611,9178],{"class":391},[84,22613,854],{"class":387},[84,22615,881],{"class":102},[84,22617,9185],{"class":106},[84,22619,9188],{"class":102},[84,22621,22622],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22623,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,22625,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22627,116],{"class":98},[84,22629,103],{"class":102},[84,22631,140],{"class":139},[84,22633,103],{"class":102},[84,22635,17189],{"class":121},[84,22637,425],{"class":102},[84,22639,16806],{"class":121},[84,22641,6162],{"class":102},[84,22643,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,22645,116],{"class":98},[84,22647,103],{"class":102},[84,22649,140],{"class":139},[84,22651,103],{"class":102},[84,22653,17189],{"class":121},[84,22655,425],{"class":102},[84,22657,5233],{"class":121},[84,22659,6162],{"class":102},[84,22661,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,22663,116],{"class":98},[84,22665,103],{"class":102},[84,22667,140],{"class":139},[84,22669,103],{"class":102},[84,22671,17189],{"class":121},[84,22673,425],{"class":102},[84,22675,7687],{"class":121},[84,22677,6162],{"class":102},[24,22679,22680],{},[42,22681,265],{},[75,22683,22685],{"className":77,"code":22684,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22686,22687,22707,22723],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22688,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22690,292],{"class":102},[84,22692,394],{"class":387},[84,22694,7544],{"class":391},[84,22696,394],{"class":387},[84,22698,282],{"class":102},[84,22700,388],{"class":387},[84,22702,9178],{"class":391},[84,22704,394],{"class":387},[84,22706,317],{"class":102},[84,22708,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22710,292],{"class":102},[84,22712,394],{"class":387},[84,22714,12763],{"class":391},[84,22716,394],{"class":387},[84,22718,282],{"class":102},[84,22720,9185],{"class":106},[84,22722,317],{"class":102},[84,22724,22725,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22726,21623],{"class":102},[84,22728,394],{"class":387},[84,22730,7544],{"class":391},[84,22732,394],{"class":387},[84,22734,282],{"class":102},[84,22736,388],{"class":387},[84,22738,12763],{"class":391},[84,22740,394],{"class":387},[84,22742,9112],{"class":102},[84,22744,9115],{"class":102},[84,22746,394],{"class":387},[84,22748,9178],{"class":391},[84,22750,394],{"class":387},[84,22752,282],{"class":102},[84,22754,9185],{"class":106},[84,22756,9128],{"class":102},[24,22758,22759],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[33,22761,22762,22770,22778],{},[36,22763,22764,22765],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[419,22766,22768],{"href":22767},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22769,16947],{},[36,22771,22772,22773],{},"Need just values? Use ",[419,22774,22776],{"href":22775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22777,16953],{},[36,22779,22780,22781],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22782,16960],{},[70,22784,792,22786],{"id":22785},"when-to-use-items",[15,22787,16960],{},[24,22789,22790,22792],{},[15,22791,16960],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[33,22794,22795,22798,22801,22804,22807],{},[36,22796,22797],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[36,22799,22800],{},"Building formatted output",[36,22802,22803],{},"Looping through settings and values",[36,22805,22806],{},"Showing names with scores",[36,22808,22809],{},"Working with labels and their data",[24,22811,190],{},[75,22813,22815],{"className":77,"code":22814,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22816,22817,22825,22843,22862,22874,22878,22882,22903],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22818,22819,22821,22823],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22820,13709],{"class":90},[84,22822,95],{"class":94},[84,22824,11373],{"class":102},[84,22826,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22828,11378],{"class":387},[84,22830,12376],{"class":391},[84,22832,854],{"class":387},[84,22834,881],{"class":102},[84,22836,3230],{"class":387},[84,22838,12385],{"class":391},[84,22840,854],{"class":387},[84,22842,11394],{"class":102},[84,22844,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22858,22860],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22846,11378],{"class":387},[84,22848,20007],{"class":391},[84,22850,854],{"class":387},[84,22852,881],{"class":102},[84,22854,3230],{"class":387},[84,22856,22857],{"class":391},"English",[84,22859,854],{"class":387},[84,22861,11394],{"class":102},[84,22863,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,22865,11378],{"class":387},[84,22867,18408],{"class":391},[84,22869,854],{"class":387},[84,22871,881],{"class":102},[84,22873,6296],{"class":659},[84,22875,22876],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,22877,9188],{"class":102},[84,22879,22880],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,22881,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,22883,22884,22886,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,22885,440],{"class":470},[84,22887,22888],{"class":90}," setting",[84,22890,282],{"class":102},[84,22892,21467],{"class":90},[84,22894,476],{"class":470},[84,22896,13753],{"class":90},[84,22898,425],{"class":102},[84,22900,7687],{"class":121},[84,22902,21478],{"class":102},[84,22904,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22918,22920,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,22906,490],{"class":98},[84,22908,103],{"class":102},[84,22910,22175],{"class":383},[84,22912,854],{"class":391},[84,22914,9157],{"class":106},[84,22916,22917],{"class":121},"setting",[84,22919,22184],{"class":106},[84,22921,22922],{"class":391}," = ",[84,22924,9157],{"class":106},[84,22926,2354],{"class":121},[84,22928,22184],{"class":106},[84,22930,854],{"class":391},[84,22932,110],{"class":102},[24,22934,22935],{},[42,22936,265],{},[75,22938,22940],{"className":77,"code":22939,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22941,22942,22952,22962],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22943,22944,22947,22949],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22945,22946],{"class":90},"theme ",[84,22948,95],{"class":94},[84,22950,22951],{"class":90}," dark\n",[84,22953,22954,22957,22959],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,22955,22956],{"class":90},"language ",[84,22958,95],{"class":94},[84,22960,22961],{"class":90}," English\n",[84,22963,22964,22967,22969],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,22965,22966],{"class":90},"notifications ",[84,22968,95],{"class":94},[84,22970,6296],{"class":659},[70,22972,1434],{"id":1433},[24,22974,22975,22976,425],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22977,16960],{},[1667,22979,22981,22982,22984],{"id":22980},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22983,16960],{}," incorrectly",[24,22986,22987,22988,22990,22991,22994],{},"Each result from ",[15,22989,16960],{}," has ",[42,22992,22993],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[24,22996,6562],{},[75,22998,22999],{"className":77,"code":21413,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,23000,23001,23037,23041,23061],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23002,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23004,13088],{"class":90},[84,23006,95],{"class":94},[84,23008,10371],{"class":102},[84,23010,854],{"class":387},[84,23012,7544],{"class":391},[84,23014,854],{"class":387},[84,23016,881],{"class":102},[84,23018,3230],{"class":387},[84,23020,12763],{"class":391},[84,23022,854],{"class":387},[84,23024,282],{"class":102},[84,23026,3230],{"class":387},[84,23028,9178],{"class":391},[84,23030,854],{"class":387},[84,23032,881],{"class":102},[84,23034,9185],{"class":106},[84,23036,9188],{"class":102},[84,23038,23039],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23040,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,23042,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,23044,440],{"class":470},[84,23046,21462],{"class":90},[84,23048,282],{"class":102},[84,23050,21467],{"class":90},[84,23052,476],{"class":470},[84,23054,13131],{"class":90},[84,23056,425],{"class":102},[84,23058,7687],{"class":121},[84,23060,21478],{"class":102},[84,23062,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,23064,490],{"class":98},[84,23066,103],{"class":102},[84,23068,14725],{"class":121},[84,23070,282],{"class":102},[84,23072,8309],{"class":121},[84,23074,110],{"class":102},[24,23076,23077],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[75,23079,23081],{"className":77,"code":23080,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23082,23083,23119,23123,23139],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23084,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23086,13088],{"class":90},[84,23088,95],{"class":94},[84,23090,10371],{"class":102},[84,23092,854],{"class":387},[84,23094,7544],{"class":391},[84,23096,854],{"class":387},[84,23098,881],{"class":102},[84,23100,3230],{"class":387},[84,23102,12763],{"class":391},[84,23104,854],{"class":387},[84,23106,282],{"class":102},[84,23108,3230],{"class":387},[84,23110,9178],{"class":391},[84,23112,854],{"class":387},[84,23114,881],{"class":102},[84,23116,9185],{"class":106},[84,23118,9188],{"class":102},[84,23120,23121],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23122,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,23124,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,23126,440],{"class":470},[84,23128,18092],{"class":90},[84,23130,476],{"class":470},[84,23132,13131],{"class":90},[84,23134,425],{"class":102},[84,23136,7687],{"class":121},[84,23138,21478],{"class":102},[84,23140,23141,23143,23145,23147],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,23142,490],{"class":98},[84,23144,103],{"class":102},[84,23146,14725],{"class":121},[84,23148,110],{"class":102},[24,23150,23151,23152,23154,23155,23158],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23153,14725],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23156,23157],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[24,23160,23161],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[75,23163,23165],{"className":77,"code":23164,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23166,23167,23183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23168,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23170,440],{"class":470},[84,23172,5834],{"class":90},[84,23174,476],{"class":470},[84,23176,13131],{"class":90},[84,23178,425],{"class":102},[84,23180,7687],{"class":121},[84,23182,21478],{"class":102},[84,23184,23185,23187,23189,23192],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23186,490],{"class":98},[84,23188,103],{"class":102},[84,23190,23191],{"class":121},"item",[84,23193,110],{"class":102},[24,23195,23196],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[75,23198,23200],{"className":77,"code":23199,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23201,23202,23222],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23203,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23205,440],{"class":470},[84,23207,21462],{"class":90},[84,23209,282],{"class":102},[84,23211,21467],{"class":90},[84,23213,476],{"class":470},[84,23215,13131],{"class":90},[84,23217,425],{"class":102},[84,23219,7687],{"class":121},[84,23221,21478],{"class":102},[84,23223,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23225,490],{"class":98},[84,23227,103],{"class":102},[84,23229,14725],{"class":121},[84,23231,282],{"class":102},[84,23233,8309],{"class":121},[84,23235,110],{"class":102},[1667,23237,8329,23239,23241],{"id":23238},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23240,16960],{}," to return a regular list",[24,23243,23244,173,23246,23248],{},[15,23245,16960],{},[15,23247,21791],{}," object, not a list.",[24,23250,23251],{},"Check it:",[75,23253,23255],{"className":77,"code":23254,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23256,23257,23289,23293,23307,23325],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23258,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23260,11605],{"class":90},[84,23262,95],{"class":94},[84,23264,10371],{"class":102},[84,23266,854],{"class":387},[84,23268,419],{"class":391},[84,23270,854],{"class":387},[84,23272,881],{"class":102},[84,23274,299],{"class":106},[84,23276,282],{"class":102},[84,23278,3230],{"class":387},[84,23280,4634],{"class":391},[84,23282,854],{"class":387},[84,23284,881],{"class":102},[84,23286,304],{"class":106},[84,23288,9188],{"class":102},[84,23290,23291],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23292,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,23294,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,23296,116],{"class":98},[84,23298,103],{"class":102},[84,23300,11329],{"class":121},[84,23302,425],{"class":102},[84,23304,7687],{"class":121},[84,23306,7069],{"class":102},[84,23308,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,23310,116],{"class":98},[84,23312,103],{"class":102},[84,23314,334],{"class":139},[84,23316,103],{"class":102},[84,23318,11329],{"class":121},[84,23320,425],{"class":102},[84,23322,7687],{"class":121},[84,23324,6162],{"class":102},[84,23326,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,23328,116],{"class":98},[84,23330,103],{"class":102},[84,23332,140],{"class":139},[84,23334,103],{"class":102},[84,23336,11329],{"class":121},[84,23338,425],{"class":102},[84,23340,7687],{"class":121},[84,23342,6162],{"class":102},[24,23344,23345],{},[42,23346,265],{},[75,23348,23350],{"className":77,"code":23349,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23351,23352,23384,23398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23353,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23355,21791],{"class":121},[84,23357,9537],{"class":102},[84,23359,394],{"class":387},[84,23361,419],{"class":391},[84,23363,394],{"class":387},[84,23365,282],{"class":102},[84,23367,299],{"class":106},[84,23369,9112],{"class":102},[84,23371,9115],{"class":102},[84,23373,394],{"class":387},[84,23375,4634],{"class":391},[84,23377,394],{"class":387},[84,23379,282],{"class":102},[84,23381,304],{"class":106},[84,23383,10558],{"class":102},[84,23385,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23387,380],{"class":94},[84,23389,384],{"class":383},[84,23391,388],{"class":387},[84,23393,21791],{"class":391},[84,23395,394],{"class":387},[84,23397,397],{"class":94},[84,23399,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,23401,21623],{"class":102},[84,23403,394],{"class":387},[84,23405,419],{"class":391},[84,23407,394],{"class":387},[84,23409,282],{"class":102},[84,23411,299],{"class":106},[84,23413,9112],{"class":102},[84,23415,9115],{"class":102},[84,23417,394],{"class":387},[84,23419,4634],{"class":391},[84,23421,394],{"class":387},[84,23423,282],{"class":102},[84,23425,304],{"class":106},[84,23427,9128],{"class":102},[1667,23429,23431,23432],{"id":23430},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23433,16960],{},[24,23435,23436],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[24,23438,23439],{},"Problem example:",[75,23441,23443],{"className":77,"code":23442,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23444,23445,23489,23493,23513,23525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23446,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23448,91],{"class":90},[84,23450,95],{"class":94},[84,23452,10371],{"class":102},[84,23454,854],{"class":387},[84,23456,419],{"class":391},[84,23458,854],{"class":387},[84,23460,881],{"class":102},[84,23462,299],{"class":106},[84,23464,282],{"class":102},[84,23466,3230],{"class":387},[84,23468,4634],{"class":391},[84,23470,854],{"class":387},[84,23472,881],{"class":102},[84,23474,304],{"class":106},[84,23476,282],{"class":102},[84,23478,3230],{"class":387},[84,23480,9619],{"class":391},[84,23482,854],{"class":387},[84,23484,881],{"class":102},[84,23486,309],{"class":106},[84,23488,9188],{"class":102},[84,23490,23491],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23492,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,23494,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,23496,440],{"class":470},[84,23498,21462],{"class":90},[84,23500,282],{"class":102},[84,23502,21467],{"class":90},[84,23504,476],{"class":470},[84,23506,4137],{"class":90},[84,23508,425],{"class":102},[84,23510,7687],{"class":121},[84,23512,21478],{"class":102},[84,23514,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,23516,6271],{"class":470},[84,23518,21467],{"class":90},[84,23520,4561],{"class":94},[84,23522,304],{"class":106},[84,23524,6266],{"class":102},[84,23526,23527,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,23528,23529],{"class":90},"        numbers",[84,23531,292],{"class":102},[84,23533,854],{"class":387},[84,23535,18651],{"class":391},[84,23537,854],{"class":387},[84,23539,13157],{"class":102},[84,23541,13160],{"class":94},[84,23543,911],{"class":106},[24,23545,23546],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[24,23548,23549],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[75,23551,23553],{"className":77,"code":23552,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23554,23555,23599,23603,23628,23640,23658,23662],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23556,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23558,91],{"class":90},[84,23560,95],{"class":94},[84,23562,10371],{"class":102},[84,23564,854],{"class":387},[84,23566,419],{"class":391},[84,23568,854],{"class":387},[84,23570,881],{"class":102},[84,23572,299],{"class":106},[84,23574,282],{"class":102},[84,23576,3230],{"class":387},[84,23578,4634],{"class":391},[84,23580,854],{"class":387},[84,23582,881],{"class":102},[84,23584,304],{"class":106},[84,23586,282],{"class":102},[84,23588,3230],{"class":387},[84,23590,9619],{"class":391},[84,23592,854],{"class":387},[84,23594,881],{"class":102},[84,23596,309],{"class":106},[84,23598,9188],{"class":102},[84,23600,23601],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23602,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,23604,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,23606,440],{"class":470},[84,23608,21462],{"class":90},[84,23610,282],{"class":102},[84,23612,21467],{"class":90},[84,23614,476],{"class":470},[84,23616,220],{"class":139},[84,23618,103],{"class":102},[84,23620,122],{"class":121},[84,23622,425],{"class":102},[84,23624,7687],{"class":121},[84,23626,23627],{"class":102},"()):\n",[84,23629,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,23631,6271],{"class":470},[84,23633,21467],{"class":90},[84,23635,4561],{"class":94},[84,23637,304],{"class":106},[84,23639,6266],{"class":102},[84,23641,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,23643,23529],{"class":90},[84,23645,292],{"class":102},[84,23647,854],{"class":387},[84,23649,18651],{"class":391},[84,23651,854],{"class":387},[84,23653,13157],{"class":102},[84,23655,13160],{"class":94},[84,23657,911],{"class":106},[84,23659,23660],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,23661,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,23663,23664,23666,23668,23670],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,23665,116],{"class":98},[84,23667,103],{"class":102},[84,23669,122],{"class":121},[84,23671,110],{"class":102},[1667,23673,23675],{"id":23674},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[24,23677,23678],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[75,23680,23682],{"className":77,"code":23681,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23683,23684,23716,23720,23736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23685,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23687,9044],{"class":90},[84,23689,95],{"class":94},[84,23691,10371],{"class":102},[84,23693,854],{"class":387},[84,23695,2055],{"class":391},[84,23697,854],{"class":387},[84,23699,881],{"class":102},[84,23701,573],{"class":106},[84,23703,282],{"class":102},[84,23705,3230],{"class":387},[84,23707,11626],{"class":391},[84,23709,854],{"class":387},[84,23711,881],{"class":102},[84,23713,7667],{"class":106},[84,23715,9188],{"class":102},[84,23717,23718],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23719,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,23721,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,23723,440],{"class":470},[84,23725,5834],{"class":90},[84,23727,476],{"class":470},[84,23729,14450],{"class":90},[84,23731,425],{"class":102},[84,23733,7687],{"class":121},[84,23735,21478],{"class":102},[84,23737,23738,23740,23742,23744],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,23739,490],{"class":98},[84,23741,103],{"class":102},[84,23743,23191],{"class":121},[84,23745,110],{"class":102},[24,23747,23748],{},[42,23749,265],{},[75,23751,23753],{"className":77,"code":23752,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23754,23755,23771],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23756,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23758,103],{"class":102},[84,23760,394],{"class":387},[84,23762,2055],{"class":391},[84,23764,394],{"class":387},[84,23766,282],{"class":102},[84,23768,573],{"class":106},[84,23770,110],{"class":102},[84,23772,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23774,103],{"class":102},[84,23776,394],{"class":387},[84,23778,11626],{"class":391},[84,23780,394],{"class":387},[84,23782,282],{"class":102},[84,23784,7667],{"class":106},[84,23786,110],{"class":102},[24,23788,23789,23790,23792],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23791,21538],{}," pair.",[70,23794,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,23796,23798,23799,5019],{"id":23797},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23800,16960],{},[24,23802,17304,23803,23805],{},[15,23804,21791],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1667,23807,12586,23809,23811],{"id":23808},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23810,16960],{}," return a list?",[24,23813,23814,23815,23818],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23816,23817],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1667,23820,23822,23823,1689],{"id":23821},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23824,16960],{},[24,23826,23827],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[75,23829,23831],{"className":77,"code":23830,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23832,23833,23853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23834,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23836,440],{"class":470},[84,23838,21462],{"class":90},[84,23840,282],{"class":102},[84,23842,21467],{"class":90},[84,23844,476],{"class":470},[84,23846,11647],{"class":90},[84,23848,425],{"class":102},[84,23850,7687],{"class":121},[84,23852,21478],{"class":102},[84,23854,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,23856,490],{"class":98},[84,23858,103],{"class":102},[84,23860,14725],{"class":121},[84,23862,282],{"class":102},[84,23864,8309],{"class":121},[84,23866,110],{"class":102},[1667,23868,12586,23870,23872],{"id":23869},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23871,16960],{}," change the dictionary?",[24,23874,23875],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[70,23877,1777],{"id":1776},[33,23879,23880,23886,23892,23897,23901],{},[36,23881,23882],{},[419,23883,10616,23884,10620],{"href":22767},[15,23885,16947],{},[36,23887,23888],{},[419,23889,10616,23890,10620],{"href":22775},[15,23891,16953],{},[36,23893,23894],{},[419,23895,23896],{"href":22355},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,23898,23899],{},[419,23900,9034],{"href":12906},[36,23902,23903],{},[419,23904,23905],{"href":21661},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1814,23907,23908],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":23910},[23911,23912,23914,23915,23916,23918,23919,23921,23923,23932,23942],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":21521,"depth":113,"text":23913},"What items() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":21852,"depth":113,"text":21853},{"id":22076,"depth":113,"text":23917},"Looping with items()",{"id":22359,"depth":113,"text":22360},{"id":22550,"depth":113,"text":23920},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22785,"depth":113,"text":23922},"When to use items()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":23924},[23925,23927,23929,23931],{"id":22980,"depth":132,"text":23926},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23238,"depth":132,"text":23928},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23430,"depth":132,"text":23930},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23674,"depth":132,"text":23675},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":23933},[23934,23936,23938,23940],{"id":23797,"depth":132,"text":23935},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23808,"depth":132,"text":23937},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23821,"depth":132,"text":23939},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23869,"depth":132,"text":23941},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21389,"description":23943},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23950,"title":23951,"body":23952,"description":26038,"extension":1845,"meta":26039,"navigation":237,"path":22767,"seo":26040,"stem":26041,"__hash__":26042},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23953,"toc":26004},[23954,23959,23965,23968,23979,23986,23988,24071,24075,24122,24127,24132,24137,24139,24155,24157,24256,24260,24317,24320,24322,24325,24418,24422,24485,24488,24503,24508,24510,24512,24527,24529,24540,24542,24585,24588,24632,24635,24637,24644,24647,24663,24665,24758,24762,24803,24815,24819,24822,24910,24914,24934,24937,24964,24971,24976,24980,24991,24993,25097,25101,25127,25130,25197,25202,25205,25228,25233,25237,25242,25248,25253,25255,25310,25314,25341,25348,25354,25357,25382,25388,25414,25417,25492,25499,25504,25506,25545,25561,25565,25568,25611,25614,25616,25635,25637,25642,25667,25670,25740,25743,25816,25820,25822,25883,25886,25902,25904,25909,25914,25921,25930,25936,25942,25949,25955,25959,25964,25966,26001],[10,23955,11197,23957,11201],{"id":23956},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23958,16947],{},[24,23960,23961,23962,23964],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23963,16947],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[24,23966,23967],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[33,23969,23970,23973,23976],{},[36,23971,23972],{},"view the available keys",[36,23974,23975],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[36,23977,23978],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[24,23980,23981,23983,23984,425],{},[15,23982,16947],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23985,16897],{},[70,23987,1887],{"id":1886},[75,23989,23991],{"className":77,"code":23990,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23992,23993,24029,24043,24047,24057],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23994,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23996,12746],{"class":90},[84,23998,95],{"class":94},[84,24000,10371],{"class":102},[84,24002,854],{"class":387},[84,24004,7544],{"class":391},[84,24006,854],{"class":387},[84,24008,881],{"class":102},[84,24010,3230],{"class":387},[84,24012,12763],{"class":391},[84,24014,854],{"class":387},[84,24016,282],{"class":102},[84,24018,3230],{"class":387},[84,24020,9178],{"class":391},[84,24022,854],{"class":387},[84,24024,881],{"class":102},[84,24026,7667],{"class":106},[84,24028,9188],{"class":102},[84,24030,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24032,17124],{"class":90},[84,24034,95],{"class":94},[84,24036,12789],{"class":90},[84,24038,425],{"class":102},[84,24040,16806],{"class":121},[84,24042,8520],{"class":102},[84,24044,24045],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,24046,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,24050,116],{"class":98},[84,24052,103],{"class":102},[84,24054,16806],{"class":121},[84,24056,110],{"class":102},[84,24058,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,24060,116],{"class":98},[84,24062,103],{"class":102},[84,24064,140],{"class":139},[84,24066,103],{"class":102},[84,24068,16806],{"class":121},[84,24070,232],{"class":102},[24,24072,24073],{},[42,24074,265],{},[75,24076,24078],{"className":77,"code":24077,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24079,24080,24102],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24083,16897],{"class":121},[84,24085,2865],{"class":102},[84,24087,394],{"class":387},[84,24089,7544],{"class":391},[84,24091,394],{"class":387},[84,24093,282],{"class":102},[84,24095,388],{"class":387},[84,24097,9178],{"class":391},[84,24099,394],{"class":387},[84,24101,741],{"class":102},[84,24103,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24105,292],{"class":102},[84,24107,394],{"class":387},[84,24109,7544],{"class":391},[84,24111,394],{"class":387},[84,24113,282],{"class":102},[84,24115,388],{"class":387},[84,24117,9178],{"class":391},[84,24119,394],{"class":387},[84,24121,317],{"class":102},[24,24123,153,24124,24126],{},[15,24125,16947],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[70,24128,429,24130,3554],{"id":24129},"what-keys-does",[15,24131,16947],{},[24,24133,24134,24136],{},[15,24135,16947],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[24,24138,11338],{},[33,24140,24141,24144,24147,24152],{},[36,24142,24143],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[36,24145,24146],{},"It does not need any arguments",[36,24148,17304,24149,24151],{},[15,24150,16897],{}," view object, not a list",[36,24153,24154],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[24,24156,190],{},[75,24158,24160],{"className":77,"code":24159,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24161,24162,24198,24202,24216,24220,24242],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24163,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24165,13088],{"class":90},[84,24167,95],{"class":94},[84,24169,10371],{"class":102},[84,24171,854],{"class":387},[84,24173,7544],{"class":391},[84,24175,854],{"class":387},[84,24177,881],{"class":102},[84,24179,3230],{"class":387},[84,24181,13105],{"class":391},[84,24183,854],{"class":387},[84,24185,282],{"class":102},[84,24187,3230],{"class":387},[84,24189,9178],{"class":391},[84,24191,854],{"class":387},[84,24193,881],{"class":102},[84,24195,9185],{"class":106},[84,24197,9188],{"class":102},[84,24199,24200],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24201,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,24203,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,24205,116],{"class":98},[84,24207,103],{"class":102},[84,24209,17189],{"class":121},[84,24211,425],{"class":102},[84,24213,16806],{"class":121},[84,24215,7069],{"class":102},[84,24217,24218],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,24219,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,24221,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,24223,17189],{"class":90},[84,24225,292],{"class":102},[84,24227,854],{"class":387},[84,24229,10289],{"class":391},[84,24231,854],{"class":387},[84,24233,13157],{"class":102},[84,24235,13160],{"class":94},[84,24237,3230],{"class":387},[84,24239,10296],{"class":391},[84,24241,3236],{"class":387},[84,24243,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,24245,116],{"class":98},[84,24247,103],{"class":102},[84,24249,17189],{"class":121},[84,24251,425],{"class":102},[84,24253,16806],{"class":121},[84,24255,7069],{"class":102},[24,24257,24258],{},[42,24259,265],{},[75,24261,24263],{"className":77,"code":24262,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24264,24265,24287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24266,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24268,16897],{"class":121},[84,24270,2865],{"class":102},[84,24272,394],{"class":387},[84,24274,7544],{"class":391},[84,24276,394],{"class":387},[84,24278,282],{"class":102},[84,24280,388],{"class":387},[84,24282,9178],{"class":391},[84,24284,394],{"class":387},[84,24286,741],{"class":102},[84,24288,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24290,16897],{"class":121},[84,24292,2865],{"class":102},[84,24294,394],{"class":387},[84,24296,7544],{"class":391},[84,24298,394],{"class":387},[84,24300,282],{"class":102},[84,24302,388],{"class":387},[84,24304,9178],{"class":391},[84,24306,394],{"class":387},[84,24308,282],{"class":102},[84,24310,388],{"class":387},[84,24312,10289],{"class":391},[84,24314,394],{"class":387},[84,24316,741],{"class":102},[24,24318,24319],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[70,24321,5661],{"id":5660},[24,24323,24324],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[75,24326,24328],{"className":77,"code":24327,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24329,24330,24382,24386,24400],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24331,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24333,9044],{"class":90},[84,24335,95],{"class":94},[84,24337,10371],{"class":102},[84,24339,854],{"class":387},[84,24341,7544],{"class":391},[84,24343,854],{"class":387},[84,24345,881],{"class":102},[84,24347,3230],{"class":387},[84,24349,12763],{"class":391},[84,24351,854],{"class":387},[84,24353,282],{"class":102},[84,24355,3230],{"class":387},[84,24357,9178],{"class":391},[84,24359,854],{"class":387},[84,24361,881],{"class":102},[84,24363,7667],{"class":106},[84,24365,282],{"class":102},[84,24367,3230],{"class":387},[84,24369,19775],{"class":391},[84,24371,854],{"class":387},[84,24373,881],{"class":102},[84,24375,3230],{"class":387},[84,24377,22126],{"class":391},[84,24379,854],{"class":387},[84,24381,9188],{"class":102},[84,24383,24384],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24385,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,24387,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,24389,116],{"class":98},[84,24391,103],{"class":102},[84,24393,9083],{"class":121},[84,24395,425],{"class":102},[84,24397,16806],{"class":121},[84,24399,7069],{"class":102},[84,24401,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,24403,116],{"class":98},[84,24405,103],{"class":102},[84,24407,140],{"class":139},[84,24409,103],{"class":102},[84,24411,9083],{"class":121},[84,24413,425],{"class":102},[84,24415,16806],{"class":121},[84,24417,6162],{"class":102},[24,24419,24420],{},[42,24421,265],{},[75,24423,24425],{"className":77,"code":24424,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24426,24427,24457],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24428,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24430,16897],{"class":121},[84,24432,2865],{"class":102},[84,24434,394],{"class":387},[84,24436,7544],{"class":391},[84,24438,394],{"class":387},[84,24440,282],{"class":102},[84,24442,388],{"class":387},[84,24444,9178],{"class":391},[84,24446,394],{"class":387},[84,24448,282],{"class":102},[84,24450,388],{"class":387},[84,24452,19775],{"class":391},[84,24454,394],{"class":387},[84,24456,741],{"class":102},[84,24458,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24460,292],{"class":102},[84,24462,394],{"class":387},[84,24464,7544],{"class":391},[84,24466,394],{"class":387},[84,24468,282],{"class":102},[84,24470,388],{"class":387},[84,24472,9178],{"class":391},[84,24474,394],{"class":387},[84,24476,282],{"class":102},[84,24478,388],{"class":387},[84,24480,19775],{"class":391},[84,24482,394],{"class":387},[84,24484,317],{"class":102},[24,24486,24487],{},"This shows two things:",[33,24489,24490,24497],{},[36,24491,24492,173,24495,1247],{},[15,24493,24494],{},"data.keys()",[15,24496,16897],{},[36,24498,24499,24502],{},[15,24500,24501],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[24,24504,9030,24505,425],{},[419,24506,24507],{"href":9270},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[70,24509,5305],{"id":5304},[24,24511,2041],{},[75,24513,24515],{"className":77,"code":24514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24516,24517],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24518,24519,24521,24523,24525],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24520,11329],{"class":90},[84,24522,425],{"class":102},[84,24524,16806],{"class":121},[84,24526,8520],{"class":102},[24,24528,21683],{},[33,24530,24531,24534,24537],{},[36,24532,24533],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[36,24535,24536],{},"It takes no parameters",[36,24538,24539],{},"You must include the parentheses",[24,24541,16538],{},[75,24543,24545],{"className":77,"code":24544,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24546,24547,24571],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24548,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24550,12746],{"class":90},[84,24552,95],{"class":94},[84,24554,10371],{"class":102},[84,24556,854],{"class":387},[84,24558,7544],{"class":391},[84,24560,854],{"class":387},[84,24562,881],{"class":102},[84,24564,3230],{"class":387},[84,24566,12763],{"class":391},[84,24568,854],{"class":387},[84,24570,9188],{"class":102},[84,24572,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24574,116],{"class":98},[84,24576,103],{"class":102},[84,24578,13509],{"class":121},[84,24580,425],{"class":102},[84,24582,16806],{"class":121},[84,24584,7069],{"class":102},[24,24586,24587],{},"Incorrect:",[75,24589,24591],{"className":77,"code":24590,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24592,24593,24617],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24594,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24596,12746],{"class":90},[84,24598,95],{"class":94},[84,24600,10371],{"class":102},[84,24602,854],{"class":387},[84,24604,7544],{"class":391},[84,24606,854],{"class":387},[84,24608,881],{"class":102},[84,24610,3230],{"class":387},[84,24612,12763],{"class":391},[84,24614,854],{"class":387},[84,24616,9188],{"class":102},[84,24618,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24630],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24620,116],{"class":98},[84,24622,103],{"class":102},[84,24624,13509],{"class":121},[84,24626,425],{"class":102},[84,24628,16806],{"class":24629},"skxfh",[84,24631,110],{"class":102},[24,24633,24634],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[70,24636,17301],{"id":17300},[24,24638,24639,173,24641,24643],{},[15,24640,16947],{},[15,24642,16897],{}," object.",[24,24645,24646],{},"This object:",[33,24648,24649,24652,24655,24660],{},[36,24650,24651],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[36,24653,24654],{},"can be used in a loop",[36,24656,24657,24658],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24659,788],{},[36,24661,24662],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[24,24664,190],{},[75,24666,24668],{"className":77,"code":24667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24669,24670,24711,24715,24730,24734,24744],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24671,24672,24675,24677,24679,24681,24684,24686,24688,24690,24693,24695,24697,24699,24702,24704,24706,24709],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24673,24674],{"class":90},"car ",[84,24676,95],{"class":94},[84,24678,10371],{"class":102},[84,24680,854],{"class":387},[84,24682,24683],{"class":391},"brand",[84,24685,854],{"class":387},[84,24687,881],{"class":102},[84,24689,3230],{"class":387},[84,24691,24692],{"class":391},"Toyota",[84,24694,854],{"class":387},[84,24696,282],{"class":102},[84,24698,3230],{"class":387},[84,24700,24701],{"class":391},"year",[84,24703,854],{"class":387},[84,24705,881],{"class":102},[84,24707,24708],{"class":106}," 2020",[84,24710,9188],{"class":102},[84,24712,24713],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24714,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,24716,24717,24719,24721,24724,24726,24728],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,24718,2110],{"class":90},[84,24720,95],{"class":94},[84,24722,24723],{"class":90}," car",[84,24725,425],{"class":102},[84,24727,16806],{"class":121},[84,24729,8520],{"class":102},[84,24731,24732],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,24733,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,24735,24736,24738,24740,24742],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,24737,116],{"class":98},[84,24739,103],{"class":102},[84,24741,2145],{"class":121},[84,24743,110],{"class":102},[84,24745,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,24747,116],{"class":98},[84,24749,103],{"class":102},[84,24751,334],{"class":139},[84,24753,103],{"class":102},[84,24755,2145],{"class":121},[84,24757,232],{"class":102},[24,24759,24760],{},[42,24761,265],{},[75,24763,24765],{"className":77,"code":24764,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24766,24767,24789],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24768,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24770,16897],{"class":121},[84,24772,2865],{"class":102},[84,24774,394],{"class":387},[84,24776,24683],{"class":391},[84,24778,394],{"class":387},[84,24780,282],{"class":102},[84,24782,388],{"class":387},[84,24784,24701],{"class":391},[84,24786,394],{"class":387},[84,24788,741],{"class":102},[84,24790,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24792,380],{"class":94},[84,24794,384],{"class":383},[84,24796,388],{"class":387},[84,24798,16897],{"class":391},[84,24800,394],{"class":387},[84,24802,397],{"class":94},[24,24804,24805,24806,24810,24811,425],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[419,24807,10616,24808,10620],{"href":16950},[15,24809,16953],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[419,24812,10616,24813,10620],{"href":16957},[15,24814,16960],{},[70,24816,24818],{"id":24817},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[24,24820,24821],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[75,24823,24825],{"className":77,"code":24824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24826,24827,24880,24884,24900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24828,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24876,24878],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24830,12746],{"class":90},[84,24832,95],{"class":94},[84,24834,10371],{"class":102},[84,24836,854],{"class":387},[84,24838,7544],{"class":391},[84,24840,854],{"class":387},[84,24842,881],{"class":102},[84,24844,3230],{"class":387},[84,24846,12763],{"class":391},[84,24848,854],{"class":387},[84,24850,282],{"class":102},[84,24852,3230],{"class":387},[84,24854,9178],{"class":391},[84,24856,854],{"class":387},[84,24858,881],{"class":102},[84,24860,7667],{"class":106},[84,24862,282],{"class":102},[84,24864,3230],{"class":387},[84,24866,15212],{"class":391},[84,24868,854],{"class":387},[84,24870,881],{"class":102},[84,24872,3230],{"class":387},[84,24874,24875],{"class":391},"Math",[84,24877,854],{"class":387},[84,24879,9188],{"class":102},[84,24881,24882],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24883,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,24885,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,24887,440],{"class":470},[84,24889,18092],{"class":90},[84,24891,476],{"class":470},[84,24893,12789],{"class":90},[84,24895,425],{"class":102},[84,24897,16806],{"class":121},[84,24899,21478],{"class":102},[84,24901,24902,24904,24906,24908],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,24903,490],{"class":98},[84,24905,103],{"class":102},[84,24907,14725],{"class":121},[84,24909,110],{"class":102},[24,24911,24912],{},[42,24913,265],{},[75,24915,24917],{"className":77,"code":24916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24918,24919,24924,24929],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24920,24921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24922,24923],{"class":90},"name\n",[84,24925,24926],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24927,24928],{"class":90},"age\n",[84,24930,24931],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,24932,24933],{"class":90},"course\n",[24,24935,24936],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[75,24938,24940],{"className":77,"code":24939,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24941,24942,24954],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24943,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24945,440],{"class":470},[84,24947,18092],{"class":90},[84,24949,476],{"class":470},[84,24951,12789],{"class":90},[84,24953,6266],{"class":102},[84,24955,24956,24958,24960,24962],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,24957,490],{"class":98},[84,24959,103],{"class":102},[84,24961,14725],{"class":121},[84,24963,110],{"class":102},[24,24965,24966,24967,24970],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24968,24969],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[70,24972,792,24974],{"id":24973},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24975,16947],{},[24,24977,153,24978,799],{},[15,24979,16947],{},[33,24981,24982,24985,24988],{},[36,24983,24984],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[36,24986,24987],{},"you want to display available fields",[36,24989,24990],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[24,24992,190],{},[75,24994,24996],{"className":77,"code":24995,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24997,24998,25051,25055,25070,25087],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24999,25000,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25020,25022,25024,25026,25029,25031,25033,25036,25038,25040,25043,25045,25047,25049],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25001,25002],{"class":90},"product ",[84,25004,95],{"class":94},[84,25006,10371],{"class":102},[84,25008,854],{"class":387},[84,25010,7544],{"class":391},[84,25012,854],{"class":387},[84,25014,881],{"class":102},[84,25016,3230],{"class":387},[84,25018,25019],{"class":391},"Book",[84,25021,854],{"class":387},[84,25023,282],{"class":102},[84,25025,3230],{"class":387},[84,25027,25028],{"class":391},"price",[84,25030,854],{"class":387},[84,25032,881],{"class":102},[84,25034,25035],{"class":106}," 12.99",[84,25037,282],{"class":102},[84,25039,3230],{"class":387},[84,25041,25042],{"class":391},"stock",[84,25044,854],{"class":387},[84,25046,881],{"class":102},[84,25048,285],{"class":106},[84,25050,9188],{"class":102},[84,25052,25053],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25054,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,25056,25057,25059,25061,25063,25066,25068],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,25058,116],{"class":98},[84,25060,103],{"class":102},[84,25062,854],{"class":387},[84,25064,25065],{"class":391},"Available fields:",[84,25067,854],{"class":387},[84,25069,110],{"class":102},[84,25071,25072,25074,25076,25078,25081,25083,25085],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,25073,440],{"class":470},[84,25075,18092],{"class":90},[84,25077,476],{"class":470},[84,25079,25080],{"class":90}," product",[84,25082,425],{"class":102},[84,25084,16806],{"class":121},[84,25086,21478],{"class":102},[84,25088,25089,25091,25093,25095],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,25090,490],{"class":98},[84,25092,103],{"class":102},[84,25094,14725],{"class":121},[84,25096,110],{"class":102},[24,25098,25099],{},[42,25100,265],{},[75,25102,25104],{"className":77,"code":25103,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25105,25106,25113,25117,25122],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25107,25108,25111],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25109,25110],{"class":90},"Available fields",[84,25112,6266],{"class":102},[84,25114,25115],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25116,24923],{"class":90},[84,25118,25119],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,25120,25121],{"class":90},"price\n",[84,25123,25124],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,25125,25126],{"class":90},"stock\n",[24,25128,25129],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[75,25131,25133],{"className":77,"code":25132,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25134,25135,25171,25175],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25136,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25138,25002],{"class":90},[84,25140,95],{"class":94},[84,25142,10371],{"class":102},[84,25144,854],{"class":387},[84,25146,7544],{"class":391},[84,25148,854],{"class":387},[84,25150,881],{"class":102},[84,25152,3230],{"class":387},[84,25154,25019],{"class":391},[84,25156,854],{"class":387},[84,25158,282],{"class":102},[84,25160,3230],{"class":387},[84,25162,25028],{"class":391},[84,25164,854],{"class":387},[84,25166,881],{"class":102},[84,25168,25035],{"class":106},[84,25170,9188],{"class":102},[84,25172,25173],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25174,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,25176,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,25178,116],{"class":98},[84,25180,103],{"class":102},[84,25182,854],{"class":387},[84,25184,7544],{"class":391},[84,25186,854],{"class":387},[84,25188,620],{"class":470},[84,25190,25080],{"class":121},[84,25192,425],{"class":102},[84,25194,16806],{"class":121},[84,25196,7069],{"class":102},[24,25198,25199,25200,425],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25201,3481],{},[24,25203,25204],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[75,25206,25208],{"className":77,"code":25207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25209,25210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25211,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25213,116],{"class":98},[84,25215,103],{"class":102},[84,25217,854],{"class":387},[84,25219,7544],{"class":391},[84,25221,854],{"class":387},[84,25223,620],{"class":470},[84,25225,25080],{"class":121},[84,25227,110],{"class":102},[24,25229,25230,25231,425],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[419,25232,21089],{"href":17035},[70,25234,25236],{"id":25235},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[24,25238,25239,25240,425],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25241,16947],{},[1667,25243,8329,25245,25247],{"id":25244},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25246,16947],{}," to return key-value pairs",[24,25249,25250,25252],{},[15,25251,16947],{}," returns only the keys.",[24,25254,190],{},[75,25256,25258],{"className":77,"code":25257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25259,25260,25296],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25261,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25263,9044],{"class":90},[84,25265,95],{"class":94},[84,25267,10371],{"class":102},[84,25269,854],{"class":387},[84,25271,7544],{"class":391},[84,25273,854],{"class":387},[84,25275,881],{"class":102},[84,25277,3230],{"class":387},[84,25279,12763],{"class":391},[84,25281,854],{"class":387},[84,25283,282],{"class":102},[84,25285,3230],{"class":387},[84,25287,9178],{"class":391},[84,25289,854],{"class":387},[84,25291,881],{"class":102},[84,25293,7667],{"class":106},[84,25295,9188],{"class":102},[84,25297,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25299,116],{"class":98},[84,25301,103],{"class":102},[84,25303,9083],{"class":121},[84,25305,425],{"class":102},[84,25307,16806],{"class":121},[84,25309,7069],{"class":102},[24,25311,25312],{},[42,25313,265],{},[75,25315,25317],{"className":77,"code":25316,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25318,25319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25320,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25322,16897],{"class":121},[84,25324,2865],{"class":102},[84,25326,394],{"class":387},[84,25328,7544],{"class":391},[84,25330,394],{"class":387},[84,25332,282],{"class":102},[84,25334,388],{"class":387},[84,25336,9178],{"class":391},[84,25338,394],{"class":387},[84,25340,741],{"class":102},[24,25342,25343,25344,425],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[419,25345,25346],{"href":16957},[15,25347,16960],{},[1667,25349,25351,25352],{"id":25350},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25353,16897],{},[24,25355,25356],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[75,25358,25360],{"className":77,"code":25359,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25361,25362],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25363,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25365,292],{"class":102},[84,25367,394],{"class":387},[84,25369,7544],{"class":391},[84,25371,394],{"class":387},[84,25373,282],{"class":102},[84,25375,388],{"class":387},[84,25377,9178],{"class":391},[84,25379,394],{"class":387},[84,25381,317],{"class":102},[24,25383,25384,25385,25387],{},"But ",[15,25386,16947],{}," returns:",[75,25389,25390],{"className":77,"code":25316,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,25391,25392],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25393,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25395,16897],{"class":121},[84,25397,2865],{"class":102},[84,25399,394],{"class":387},[84,25401,7544],{"class":391},[84,25403,394],{"class":387},[84,25405,282],{"class":102},[84,25407,388],{"class":387},[84,25409,9178],{"class":391},[84,25411,394],{"class":387},[84,25413,741],{"class":102},[24,25415,25416],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[75,25418,25420],{"className":77,"code":25419,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25421,25422,25458,25477,25481],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25423,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25425,9044],{"class":90},[84,25427,95],{"class":94},[84,25429,10371],{"class":102},[84,25431,854],{"class":387},[84,25433,7544],{"class":391},[84,25435,854],{"class":387},[84,25437,881],{"class":102},[84,25439,3230],{"class":387},[84,25441,12763],{"class":391},[84,25443,854],{"class":387},[84,25445,282],{"class":102},[84,25447,3230],{"class":387},[84,25449,9178],{"class":391},[84,25451,854],{"class":387},[84,25453,881],{"class":102},[84,25455,7667],{"class":106},[84,25457,9188],{"class":102},[84,25459,25460,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25461,25462],{"class":90},"key_list ",[84,25464,95],{"class":94},[84,25466,220],{"class":139},[84,25468,103],{"class":102},[84,25470,9083],{"class":121},[84,25472,425],{"class":102},[84,25474,16806],{"class":121},[84,25476,7069],{"class":102},[84,25478,25479],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,25480,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,25482,25483,25485,25487,25490],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,25484,116],{"class":98},[84,25486,103],{"class":102},[84,25488,25489],{"class":121},"key_list",[84,25491,110],{"class":102},[1667,25493,25495,25496,25498],{"id":25494},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25497,16947],{}," on a list or string",[24,25500,25501,25503],{},[15,25502,16947],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[24,25505,2717],{},[75,25507,25509],{"className":77,"code":25508,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25510,25511,25531],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25512,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25514,91],{"class":90},[84,25516,95],{"class":94},[84,25518,3498],{"class":102},[84,25520,838],{"class":106},[84,25522,282],{"class":102},[84,25524,304],{"class":106},[84,25526,282],{"class":102},[84,25528,309],{"class":106},[84,25530,317],{"class":102},[84,25532,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25534,116],{"class":98},[84,25536,103],{"class":102},[84,25538,122],{"class":121},[84,25540,425],{"class":102},[84,25542,16806],{"class":121},[84,25544,7069],{"class":102},[24,25546,25547,25548,25550,25551,25553,25554,425],{},"You may get an ",[15,25549,1236],{}," because lists do not have a ",[15,25552,16947],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[419,25555,1278,25557,25560],{"href":25556},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,25558,25559],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1667,25562,25564],{"id":25563},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[24,25566,25567],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[75,25569,25571],{"className":77,"code":25570,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25572,25573,25597],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25574,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25576,9044],{"class":90},[84,25578,95],{"class":94},[84,25580,10371],{"class":102},[84,25582,854],{"class":387},[84,25584,7544],{"class":391},[84,25586,854],{"class":387},[84,25588,881],{"class":102},[84,25590,3230],{"class":387},[84,25592,12763],{"class":391},[84,25594,854],{"class":387},[84,25596,9188],{"class":102},[84,25598,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25600,116],{"class":98},[84,25602,103],{"class":102},[84,25604,9083],{"class":121},[84,25606,425],{"class":102},[84,25608,16806],{"class":24629},[84,25610,110],{"class":102},[24,25612,25613],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[24,25615,18578],{},[75,25617,25619],{"className":77,"code":25618,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25620,25621],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25622,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25624,116],{"class":98},[84,25626,103],{"class":102},[84,25628,9083],{"class":121},[84,25630,425],{"class":102},[84,25632,16806],{"class":121},[84,25634,7069],{"class":102},[70,25636,1434],{"id":1433},[24,25638,25639,25640,881],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25641,16947],{},[33,25643,25644,25649,25655,25661],{},[36,25645,1442,25646,25648],{},[15,25647,16947],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[36,25650,25651,25652,25654],{},"Thinking ",[15,25653,16947],{}," returns values too",[36,25656,25657,25658,25660],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25659,16897],{}," like a normal list",[36,25662,25663,25664,25666],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25665,16897],{}," to a list when needed",[24,25668,25669],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[75,25671,25673],{"className":77,"code":25672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25674,25675,25707,25721,25725,25735],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25676,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25678,9044],{"class":90},[84,25680,95],{"class":94},[84,25682,10371],{"class":102},[84,25684,854],{"class":387},[84,25686,419],{"class":391},[84,25688,854],{"class":387},[84,25690,881],{"class":102},[84,25692,299],{"class":106},[84,25694,282],{"class":102},[84,25696,3230],{"class":387},[84,25698,4634],{"class":391},[84,25700,854],{"class":387},[84,25702,881],{"class":102},[84,25704,304],{"class":106},[84,25706,9188],{"class":102},[84,25708,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25710,17124],{"class":90},[84,25712,95],{"class":94},[84,25714,14450],{"class":90},[84,25716,425],{"class":102},[84,25718,16806],{"class":121},[84,25720,8520],{"class":102},[84,25722,25723],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,25724,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,25726,25727,25729,25731,25733],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,25728,116],{"class":98},[84,25730,103],{"class":102},[84,25732,16806],{"class":121},[84,25734,110],{"class":102},[84,25736,25737],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,25738,25739],{"class":128},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[24,25741,25742],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[75,25744,25746],{"className":77,"code":25745,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25747,25748,25780,25798,25802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25749,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25751,9044],{"class":90},[84,25753,95],{"class":94},[84,25755,10371],{"class":102},[84,25757,854],{"class":387},[84,25759,419],{"class":391},[84,25761,854],{"class":387},[84,25763,881],{"class":102},[84,25765,299],{"class":106},[84,25767,282],{"class":102},[84,25769,3230],{"class":387},[84,25771,4634],{"class":391},[84,25773,854],{"class":387},[84,25775,881],{"class":102},[84,25777,304],{"class":106},[84,25779,9188],{"class":102},[84,25781,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25783,17124],{"class":90},[84,25785,95],{"class":94},[84,25787,220],{"class":139},[84,25789,103],{"class":102},[84,25791,9083],{"class":121},[84,25793,425],{"class":102},[84,25795,16806],{"class":121},[84,25797,7069],{"class":102},[84,25799,25800],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,25801,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,25803,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,25805,116],{"class":98},[84,25807,103],{"class":102},[84,25809,16806],{"class":121},[84,25811,292],{"class":102},[84,25813,279],{"class":106},[84,25815,741],{"class":102},[70,25817,25819],{"id":25818},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[24,25821,10992],{},[75,25823,25825],{"className":77,"code":25824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25826,25827,25841,25851,25865],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25828,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25830,116],{"class":98},[84,25832,103],{"class":102},[84,25834,334],{"class":139},[84,25836,103],{"class":102},[84,25838,11329],{"class":121},[84,25840,232],{"class":102},[84,25842,25843,25845,25847,25849],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,25844,116],{"class":98},[84,25846,103],{"class":102},[84,25848,11329],{"class":121},[84,25850,110],{"class":102},[84,25852,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,25854,116],{"class":98},[84,25856,103],{"class":102},[84,25858,11329],{"class":121},[84,25860,425],{"class":102},[84,25862,16806],{"class":121},[84,25864,7069],{"class":102},[84,25866,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,25868,116],{"class":98},[84,25870,103],{"class":102},[84,25872,140],{"class":139},[84,25874,103],{"class":102},[84,25876,11329],{"class":121},[84,25878,425],{"class":102},[84,25880,16806],{"class":121},[84,25882,6162],{"class":102},[24,25884,25885],{},"These help you confirm:",[33,25887,25888,25891,25894,25899],{},[36,25889,25890],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[36,25892,25893],{},"what data it contains",[36,25895,25896,25897,11586],{},"what ",[15,25898,16947],{},[36,25900,25901],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[70,25903,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,25905,23798,25907,5019],{"id":25906},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25908,16947],{},[24,25910,17304,25911,25913],{},[15,25912,16897],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1667,25915,1670,25917,25920],{"id":25916},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25918,25919],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[24,25922,25923,25924,25926,25927,425],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25925,16897],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25928,25929],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1667,25931,25933,25934,1689],{"id":25932},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25935,25919],{},[24,25937,25938,25939,25941],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25940,440],{}," loop.",[1667,25943,25945,25946,25948],{"id":25944},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25947,16947],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[24,25950,25951,25952,25954],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25953,16947],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1667,25956,25958],{"id":25957},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[24,25960,153,25961,425],{},[15,25962,25963],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[70,25965,1777],{"id":1776},[33,25967,25968,25973,25979,25985,25991,25995],{},[36,25969,25970],{},[419,25971,25972],{"href":9270},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[36,25974,25975],{},[419,25976,10616,25977,10620],{"href":16950},[15,25978,16953],{},[36,25980,25981],{},[419,25982,10616,25983,10620],{"href":16957},[15,25984,16960],{},[36,25986,25987],{},[419,25988,25990],{"href":25989},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[36,25992,25993],{},[419,25994,17036],{"href":17035},[36,25996,25997],{},[419,25998,1810,25999,25560],{"href":25556},[15,26000,25559],{},[1814,26002,26003],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":26005},[26006,26007,26009,26010,26011,26012,26013,26015,26024,26025,26026,26037],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":24129,"depth":113,"text":26008},"What keys() does",{"id":5660,"depth":113,"text":5661},{"id":5304,"depth":113,"text":5305},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":24817,"depth":113,"text":24818},{"id":24973,"depth":113,"text":26014},"When to use keys()",{"id":25235,"depth":113,"text":25236,"children":26016},[26017,26019,26021,26023],{"id":25244,"depth":132,"text":26018},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25350,"depth":132,"text":26020},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25494,"depth":132,"text":26022},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25563,"depth":132,"text":25564},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":25818,"depth":113,"text":25819},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":26027},[26028,26030,26032,26034,26036],{"id":25906,"depth":132,"text":26029},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25916,"depth":132,"text":26031},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25932,"depth":132,"text":26033},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25944,"depth":132,"text":26035},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25957,"depth":132,"text":25958},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23951,"description":26038},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26044,"title":26045,"body":26046,"description":28319,"extension":1845,"meta":28320,"navigation":237,"path":28321,"seo":28322,"stem":28323,"__hash__":28324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26047,"toc":28272},[26048,26053,26058,26061,26063,26209,26222,26227,26231,26245,26247,26350,26359,26361,26364,26402,26427,26429,26536,26538,26545,26548,26556,26558,26699,26707,26712,26716,26727,26729,26891,26894,26902,26909,26915,27012,27018,27095,27098,27110,27115,27121,27124,27128,27217,27220,27224,27328,27335,27422,27431,27433,27438,27444,27447,27493,27496,27562,27571,27577,27670,27676,27682,27725,27728,27793,27799,27891,27894,27898,27904,27929,27932,28028,28035,28037,28042,28133,28135,28163,28168,28170,28177,28180,28184,28194,28199,28202,28209,28219,28226,28234,28236,28269],[10,26049,11197,26051,11201],{"id":26050},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26052,12645],{},[24,26054,26055,26057],{},[15,26056,12451],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[24,26059,26060],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[70,26062,73],{"id":72},[75,26064,26066],{"className":77,"code":26065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26067,26068,26104,26128,26142,26155,26159,26164,26196],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26069,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26071,13088],{"class":90},[84,26073,95],{"class":94},[84,26075,10371],{"class":102},[84,26077,854],{"class":387},[84,26079,7544],{"class":391},[84,26081,854],{"class":387},[84,26083,881],{"class":102},[84,26085,3230],{"class":387},[84,26087,12763],{"class":391},[84,26089,854],{"class":387},[84,26091,282],{"class":102},[84,26093,3230],{"class":387},[84,26095,9178],{"class":391},[84,26097,854],{"class":387},[84,26099,881],{"class":102},[84,26101,9185],{"class":106},[84,26103,9188],{"class":102},[84,26105,26106,26109,26111,26113,26115,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,26107,26108],{"class":90},"removed_age ",[84,26110,95],{"class":94},[84,26112,13131],{"class":90},[84,26114,425],{"class":102},[84,26116,26117],{"class":121},"pop",[84,26119,103],{"class":102},[84,26121,854],{"class":387},[84,26123,9178],{"class":391},[84,26125,854],{"class":387},[84,26127,110],{"class":102},[84,26129,26130,26132,26134,26137,26139],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,26131,116],{"class":98},[84,26133,103],{"class":102},[84,26135,26136],{"class":121},"removed_age",[84,26138,125],{"class":102},[84,26140,26141],{"class":128},"   # 25\n",[84,26143,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,26145,116],{"class":98},[84,26147,103],{"class":102},[84,26149,17189],{"class":121},[84,26151,125],{"class":102},[84,26153,26154],{"class":128},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[84,26156,26157],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,26158,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26160,26161],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,26162,26163],{"class":128},"# Safe version with default value\n",[84,26165,26166,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26192,26194],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,26167,26168],{"class":90},"country ",[84,26170,95],{"class":94},[84,26172,13131],{"class":90},[84,26174,425],{"class":102},[84,26176,26117],{"class":121},[84,26178,103],{"class":102},[84,26180,854],{"class":387},[84,26182,15145],{"class":391},[84,26184,854],{"class":387},[84,26186,282],{"class":102},[84,26188,3230],{"class":387},[84,26190,26191],{"class":391},"Not found",[84,26193,854],{"class":387},[84,26195,110],{"class":102},[84,26197,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,26199,116],{"class":98},[84,26201,103],{"class":102},[84,26203,15145],{"class":121},[84,26205,125],{"class":102},[84,26207,26208],{"class":128},"       # Not found\n",[24,26210,153,26211,26214,26215,26218,26219,26221],{},[15,26212,26213],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26216,26217],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26220,19571],{}," when the key might not exist.",[70,26223,429,26225,3554],{"id":26224},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26226,12451],{},[24,26228,26229,881],{},[15,26230,12451],{},[33,26232,26233,26236,26239,26242],{},[36,26234,26235],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[36,26237,26238],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[36,26240,26241],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[36,26243,26244],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[24,26246,190],{},[75,26248,26250],{"className":77,"code":26249,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26251,26252,26292,26296,26319,26323,26337],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26253,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26255,11368],{"class":90},[84,26257,95],{"class":94},[84,26259,10371],{"class":102},[84,26261,854],{"class":387},[84,26263,7544],{"class":391},[84,26265,854],{"class":387},[84,26267,881],{"class":102},[84,26269,3230],{"class":387},[84,26271,13105],{"class":391},[84,26273,854],{"class":387},[84,26275,282],{"class":102},[84,26277,3230],{"class":387},[84,26279,10289],{"class":391},[84,26281,854],{"class":387},[84,26283,881],{"class":102},[84,26285,3230],{"class":387},[84,26287,10296],{"class":391},[84,26289,854],{"class":387},[84,26291,9188],{"class":102},[84,26293,26294],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,26295,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26297,26298,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,26299,26300],{"class":90},"removed_city ",[84,26302,95],{"class":94},[84,26304,11451],{"class":90},[84,26306,425],{"class":102},[84,26308,26117],{"class":121},[84,26310,103],{"class":102},[84,26312,854],{"class":387},[84,26314,10289],{"class":391},[84,26316,854],{"class":387},[84,26318,110],{"class":102},[84,26320,26321],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,26322,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26324,26325,26327,26329,26332,26334],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,26326,116],{"class":98},[84,26328,103],{"class":102},[84,26330,26331],{"class":121},"removed_city",[84,26333,125],{"class":102},[84,26335,26336],{"class":128},"  # Paris\n",[84,26338,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,26340,116],{"class":98},[84,26342,103],{"class":102},[84,26344,11462],{"class":121},[84,26346,125],{"class":102},[84,26348,26349],{"class":128},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[24,26351,532,26352,26355,26356,425],{},[15,26353,26354],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26357,26358],{},"\"Paris\"",[70,26360,2038],{"id":2037},[24,26362,26363],{},"There are two common forms:",[75,26365,26367],{"className":77,"code":26366,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26368,26369,26383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26370,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26372,11329],{"class":90},[84,26374,425],{"class":102},[84,26376,26117],{"class":121},[84,26378,103],{"class":102},[84,26380,14725],{"class":121},[84,26382,110],{"class":102},[84,26384,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26400],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,26386,11329],{"class":90},[84,26388,425],{"class":102},[84,26390,26117],{"class":121},[84,26392,103],{"class":102},[84,26394,14725],{"class":121},[84,26396,282],{"class":102},[84,26398,26399],{"class":121}," default",[84,26401,110],{"class":102},[33,26403,26404,26410,26418,26424],{},[36,26405,26406,26409],{},[15,26407,26408],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[36,26411,26412,26414,26415,26417],{},[15,26413,26408],{}," raises ",[15,26416,19571],{}," if the key is missing",[36,26419,26420,26423],{},[15,26421,26422],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[36,26425,26426],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[24,26428,190],{},[75,26430,26432],{"className":77,"code":26431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26433,26434,26466,26470,26495,26523],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26435,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26437,4937],{"class":90},[84,26439,95],{"class":94},[84,26441,10371],{"class":102},[84,26443,854],{"class":387},[84,26445,18300],{"class":391},[84,26447,854],{"class":387},[84,26449,881],{"class":102},[84,26451,19782],{"class":106},[84,26453,282],{"class":102},[84,26455,3230],{"class":387},[84,26457,18309],{"class":391},[84,26459,854],{"class":387},[84,26461,881],{"class":102},[84,26463,13391],{"class":106},[84,26465,9188],{"class":102},[84,26467,26468],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,26469,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26471,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,26473,116],{"class":98},[84,26475,103],{"class":102},[84,26477,16271],{"class":121},[84,26479,425],{"class":102},[84,26481,26117],{"class":121},[84,26483,103],{"class":102},[84,26485,854],{"class":387},[84,26487,18300],{"class":391},[84,26489,854],{"class":387},[84,26491,147],{"class":102},[84,26493,26494],{"class":128},"         # 90\n",[84,26496,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,26498,116],{"class":98},[84,26500,103],{"class":102},[84,26502,16271],{"class":121},[84,26504,425],{"class":102},[84,26506,26117],{"class":121},[84,26508,103],{"class":102},[84,26510,854],{"class":387},[84,26512,18318],{"class":391},[84,26514,854],{"class":387},[84,26516,282],{"class":102},[84,26518,3709],{"class":106},[84,26520,147],{"class":102},[84,26522,20652],{"class":128},[84,26524,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,26526,116],{"class":98},[84,26528,103],{"class":102},[84,26530,16271],{"class":121},[84,26532,125],{"class":102},[84,26534,26535],{"class":128},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[70,26537,17301],{"id":17300},[24,26539,26540,13937,26542,26544],{},[15,26541,12645],{},[42,26543,1367],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[24,26546,26547],{},"Instead, it returns:",[33,26549,26550,26553],{},[36,26551,26552],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[36,26554,26555],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[24,26557,190],{},[75,26559,26561],{"className":77,"code":26560,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26562,26563,26595,26599,26622,26654,26658,26672,26686],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26564,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26566,9044],{"class":90},[84,26568,95],{"class":94},[84,26570,10371],{"class":102},[84,26572,854],{"class":387},[84,26574,419],{"class":391},[84,26576,854],{"class":387},[84,26578,881],{"class":102},[84,26580,573],{"class":106},[84,26582,282],{"class":102},[84,26584,3230],{"class":387},[84,26586,4634],{"class":391},[84,26588,854],{"class":387},[84,26590,881],{"class":102},[84,26592,7667],{"class":106},[84,26594,9188],{"class":102},[84,26596,26597],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,26598,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26600,26601,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,26602,26603],{"class":90},"result1 ",[84,26605,95],{"class":94},[84,26607,14450],{"class":90},[84,26609,425],{"class":102},[84,26611,26117],{"class":121},[84,26613,103],{"class":102},[84,26615,854],{"class":387},[84,26617,419],{"class":391},[84,26619,854],{"class":387},[84,26621,110],{"class":102},[84,26623,26624,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26650,26652],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,26625,26626],{"class":90},"result2 ",[84,26628,95],{"class":94},[84,26630,14450],{"class":90},[84,26632,425],{"class":102},[84,26634,26117],{"class":121},[84,26636,103],{"class":102},[84,26638,854],{"class":387},[84,26640,9619],{"class":391},[84,26642,854],{"class":387},[84,26644,282],{"class":102},[84,26646,3230],{"class":387},[84,26648,26649],{"class":391},"missing",[84,26651,854],{"class":387},[84,26653,110],{"class":102},[84,26655,26656],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,26657,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26659,26660,26662,26664,26667,26669],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,26661,116],{"class":98},[84,26663,103],{"class":102},[84,26665,26666],{"class":121},"result1",[84,26668,125],{"class":102},[84,26670,26671],{"class":128},"  # 10\n",[84,26673,26674,26676,26678,26681,26683],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,26675,116],{"class":98},[84,26677,103],{"class":102},[84,26679,26680],{"class":121},"result2",[84,26682,125],{"class":102},[84,26684,26685],{"class":128},"  # missing\n",[84,26687,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,26689,116],{"class":98},[84,26691,103],{"class":102},[84,26693,9083],{"class":121},[84,26695,125],{"class":102},[84,26697,26698],{"class":128},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[24,26700,26701,26702,6505],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[419,26703,26704],{"href":10615},[15,26705,26706],{},"dict.get()",[70,26708,792,26710],{"id":26709},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26711,12645],{},[24,26713,153,26714,799],{},[15,26715,12645],{},[33,26717,26718,26721,26724],{},[36,26719,26720],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[36,26722,26723],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[36,26725,26726],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[24,26728,190],{},[75,26730,26732],{"className":77,"code":26731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26733,26734,26786,26790,26817,26821,26845,26849,26863,26877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26735,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26770,26772,26774,26777,26779,26781,26784],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26737,25002],{"class":90},[84,26739,95],{"class":94},[84,26741,10371],{"class":102},[84,26743,854],{"class":387},[84,26745,7544],{"class":391},[84,26747,854],{"class":387},[84,26749,881],{"class":102},[84,26751,3230],{"class":387},[84,26753,26754],{"class":391},"Laptop",[84,26756,854],{"class":387},[84,26758,282],{"class":102},[84,26760,3230],{"class":387},[84,26762,25028],{"class":391},[84,26764,854],{"class":387},[84,26766,881],{"class":102},[84,26768,26769],{"class":106}," 1200",[84,26771,282],{"class":102},[84,26773,3230],{"class":387},[84,26775,26776],{"class":391},"discount",[84,26778,854],{"class":387},[84,26780,881],{"class":102},[84,26782,26783],{"class":106}," 200",[84,26785,9188],{"class":102},[84,26787,26788],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,26789,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26791,26792,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,26793,26794],{"class":90},"discount_amount ",[84,26796,95],{"class":94},[84,26798,25080],{"class":90},[84,26800,425],{"class":102},[84,26802,26117],{"class":121},[84,26804,103],{"class":102},[84,26806,854],{"class":387},[84,26808,26776],{"class":391},[84,26810,854],{"class":387},[84,26812,282],{"class":102},[84,26814,3709],{"class":106},[84,26816,110],{"class":102},[84,26818,26819],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,26820,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26822,26823,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,26824,26825],{"class":90},"final_price ",[84,26827,95],{"class":94},[84,26829,25080],{"class":90},[84,26831,292],{"class":102},[84,26833,854],{"class":387},[84,26835,25028],{"class":391},[84,26837,854],{"class":387},[84,26839,13157],{"class":102},[84,26841,2102],{"class":94},[84,26843,26844],{"class":90}," discount_amount\n",[84,26846,26847],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,26848,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26850,26851,26853,26855,26858,26860],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,26852,116],{"class":98},[84,26854,103],{"class":102},[84,26856,26857],{"class":121},"discount_amount",[84,26859,125],{"class":102},[84,26861,26862],{"class":128},"  # 200\n",[84,26864,26865,26867,26869,26872,26874],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,26866,116],{"class":98},[84,26868,103],{"class":102},[84,26870,26871],{"class":121},"final_price",[84,26873,125],{"class":102},[84,26875,26876],{"class":128},"      # 1000\n",[84,26878,26879,26881,26883,26886,26888],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,26880,116],{"class":98},[84,26882,103],{"class":102},[84,26884,26885],{"class":121},"product",[84,26887,125],{"class":102},[84,26889,26890],{"class":128},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[24,26892,26893],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[70,26895,26897,18,26899],{"id":26896},"pop-vs-del",[15,26898,12645],{},[15,26900,26901],{},"del",[24,26903,10470,26904,28,26906,26908],{},[15,26905,12645],{},[15,26907,26901],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1667,26910,153,26912,26914],{"id":26911},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26913,12645],{}," when you need the removed value",[75,26916,26918],{"className":77,"code":26917,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26919,26920,26956,26960,26982,26986,26999],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26921,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26923,13088],{"class":90},[84,26925,95],{"class":94},[84,26927,10371],{"class":102},[84,26929,854],{"class":387},[84,26931,7544],{"class":391},[84,26933,854],{"class":387},[84,26935,881],{"class":102},[84,26937,3230],{"class":387},[84,26939,12763],{"class":391},[84,26941,854],{"class":387},[84,26943,282],{"class":102},[84,26945,3230],{"class":387},[84,26947,9178],{"class":391},[84,26949,854],{"class":387},[84,26951,881],{"class":102},[84,26953,9185],{"class":106},[84,26955,9188],{"class":102},[84,26957,26958],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,26959,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26961,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,26963,21511],{"class":90},[84,26965,95],{"class":94},[84,26967,13131],{"class":90},[84,26969,425],{"class":102},[84,26971,26117],{"class":121},[84,26973,103],{"class":102},[84,26975,854],{"class":387},[84,26977,9178],{"class":391},[84,26979,854],{"class":387},[84,26981,110],{"class":102},[84,26983,26984],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,26985,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,26987,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,26989,116],{"class":98},[84,26991,103],{"class":102},[84,26993,9178],{"class":121},[84,26995,125],{"class":102},[84,26997,26998],{"class":128},"     # 25\n",[84,27000,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,27002,116],{"class":98},[84,27004,103],{"class":102},[84,27006,17189],{"class":121},[84,27008,125],{"class":102},[84,27010,27011],{"class":128},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1667,27013,153,27015,27017],{"id":27014},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27016,26901],{}," when you only want deletion",[75,27019,27021],{"className":77,"code":27020,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27022,27023,27059,27063,27079,27083],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27024,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27026,13088],{"class":90},[84,27028,95],{"class":94},[84,27030,10371],{"class":102},[84,27032,854],{"class":387},[84,27034,7544],{"class":391},[84,27036,854],{"class":387},[84,27038,881],{"class":102},[84,27040,3230],{"class":387},[84,27042,12763],{"class":391},[84,27044,854],{"class":387},[84,27046,282],{"class":102},[84,27048,3230],{"class":387},[84,27050,9178],{"class":391},[84,27052,854],{"class":387},[84,27054,881],{"class":102},[84,27056,9185],{"class":106},[84,27058,9188],{"class":102},[84,27060,27061],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27062,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27064,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27066,26901],{"class":470},[84,27068,13131],{"class":90},[84,27070,292],{"class":102},[84,27072,854],{"class":387},[84,27074,9178],{"class":391},[84,27076,854],{"class":387},[84,27078,317],{"class":102},[84,27080,27081],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27082,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27084,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,27086,116],{"class":98},[84,27088,103],{"class":102},[84,27090,17189],{"class":121},[84,27092,125],{"class":102},[84,27094,27011],{"class":128},[24,27096,27097],{},"Difference:",[33,27099,27100,27105],{},[36,27101,27102,27104],{},[15,27103,12645],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[36,27106,27107,27109],{},[15,27108,26901],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[24,27111,27112,27113,425],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[419,27114,12456],{"href":12455},[70,27116,27118,27119],{"id":27117},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27120,19571],{},[24,27122,27123],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1667,27125,27127],{"id":27126},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[75,27129,27131],{"className":77,"code":27130,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27132,27133,27158,27162,27188,27192,27204],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27134,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27154,27156],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27136,11605],{"class":90},[84,27138,95],{"class":94},[84,27140,10371],{"class":102},[84,27142,854],{"class":387},[84,27144,7544],{"class":391},[84,27146,854],{"class":387},[84,27148,881],{"class":102},[84,27150,3230],{"class":387},[84,27152,27153],{"class":391},"Sara",[84,27155,854],{"class":387},[84,27157,9188],{"class":102},[84,27159,27160],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27161,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27163,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27165,2329],{"class":90},[84,27167,95],{"class":94},[84,27169,11647],{"class":90},[84,27171,425],{"class":102},[84,27173,26117],{"class":121},[84,27175,103],{"class":102},[84,27177,854],{"class":387},[84,27179,9178],{"class":391},[84,27181,854],{"class":387},[84,27183,282],{"class":102},[84,27185,3728],{"class":659},[84,27187,110],{"class":102},[84,27189,27190],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27191,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27193,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,27195,116],{"class":98},[84,27197,103],{"class":102},[84,27199,2354],{"class":121},[84,27201,125],{"class":102},[84,27203,20445],{"class":128},[84,27205,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,27207,116],{"class":98},[84,27209,103],{"class":102},[84,27211,11329],{"class":121},[84,27213,125],{"class":102},[84,27215,27216],{"class":128}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[24,27218,27219],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1667,27221,27223],{"id":27222},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[75,27225,27227],{"className":77,"code":27226,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27228,27229,27253,27257,27273,27296,27306,27313],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27230,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27232,11605],{"class":90},[84,27234,95],{"class":94},[84,27236,10371],{"class":102},[84,27238,854],{"class":387},[84,27240,7544],{"class":391},[84,27242,854],{"class":387},[84,27244,881],{"class":102},[84,27246,3230],{"class":387},[84,27248,27153],{"class":391},[84,27250,854],{"class":387},[84,27252,9188],{"class":102},[84,27254,27255],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27256,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27258,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27260,6872],{"class":470},[84,27262,3230],{"class":387},[84,27264,9178],{"class":391},[84,27266,854],{"class":387},[84,27268,620],{"class":94},[84,27270,11647],{"class":90},[84,27272,6266],{"class":102},[84,27274,27275,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27276,27277],{"class":90},"    value ",[84,27279,95],{"class":94},[84,27281,11647],{"class":90},[84,27283,425],{"class":102},[84,27285,26117],{"class":121},[84,27287,103],{"class":102},[84,27289,854],{"class":387},[84,27291,9178],{"class":391},[84,27293,854],{"class":387},[84,27295,110],{"class":102},[84,27297,27298,27300,27302,27304],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,27299,490],{"class":98},[84,27301,103],{"class":102},[84,27303,2354],{"class":121},[84,27305,110],{"class":102},[84,27307,27308,27311],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,27309,27310],{"class":470},"else",[84,27312,6266],{"class":102},[84,27314,27315,27317,27319,27321,27324,27326],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,27316,490],{"class":98},[84,27318,103],{"class":102},[84,27320,854],{"class":387},[84,27322,27323],{"class":391},"Key not found",[84,27325,854],{"class":387},[84,27327,110],{"class":102},[1667,27329,27331,27332,27334],{"id":27330},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27333,10619],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[75,27336,27338],{"className":77,"code":27337,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27339,27340,27364,27368,27394,27398,27410],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27341,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27343,11605],{"class":90},[84,27345,95],{"class":94},[84,27347,10371],{"class":102},[84,27349,854],{"class":387},[84,27351,7544],{"class":391},[84,27353,854],{"class":387},[84,27355,881],{"class":102},[84,27357,3230],{"class":387},[84,27359,27153],{"class":391},[84,27361,854],{"class":387},[84,27363,9188],{"class":102},[84,27365,27366],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27367,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27371,2329],{"class":90},[84,27373,95],{"class":94},[84,27375,11647],{"class":90},[84,27377,425],{"class":102},[84,27379,19634],{"class":121},[84,27381,103],{"class":102},[84,27383,854],{"class":387},[84,27385,9178],{"class":391},[84,27387,854],{"class":387},[84,27389,282],{"class":102},[84,27391,3728],{"class":659},[84,27393,110],{"class":102},[84,27395,27396],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27397,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27399,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,27401,116],{"class":98},[84,27403,103],{"class":102},[84,27405,2354],{"class":121},[84,27407,125],{"class":102},[84,27409,20445],{"class":128},[84,27411,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,27413,116],{"class":98},[84,27415,103],{"class":102},[84,27417,11329],{"class":121},[84,27419,125],{"class":102},[84,27421,27216],{"class":128},[24,27423,153,27424,27428,27429,425],{},[419,27425,27426],{"href":10615},[15,27427,26706],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[419,27430,11141],{"href":10954},[70,27432,4393],{"id":4392},[24,27434,27435,27436,425],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27437,12451],{},[1667,27439,25651,27441,27443],{"id":27440},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27442,12645],{}," removes by position like a list",[24,27445,27446],{},"Lists use indexes:",[75,27448,27450],{"className":77,"code":27449,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27451,27452,27472],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27453,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27455,91],{"class":90},[84,27457,95],{"class":94},[84,27459,3498],{"class":102},[84,27461,2212],{"class":106},[84,27463,282],{"class":102},[84,27465,7667],{"class":106},[84,27467,282],{"class":102},[84,27469,7672],{"class":106},[84,27471,317],{"class":102},[84,27473,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27475,116],{"class":98},[84,27477,103],{"class":102},[84,27479,122],{"class":121},[84,27481,425],{"class":102},[84,27483,26117],{"class":121},[84,27485,103],{"class":102},[84,27487,838],{"class":106},[84,27489,147],{"class":102},[84,27491,27492],{"class":128},"  # 20\n",[24,27494,27495],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[75,27497,27499],{"className":77,"code":27498,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27500,27501,27537],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27502,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27504,13088],{"class":90},[84,27506,95],{"class":94},[84,27508,10371],{"class":102},[84,27510,854],{"class":387},[84,27512,7544],{"class":391},[84,27514,854],{"class":387},[84,27516,881],{"class":102},[84,27518,3230],{"class":387},[84,27520,12763],{"class":391},[84,27522,854],{"class":387},[84,27524,282],{"class":102},[84,27526,3230],{"class":387},[84,27528,9178],{"class":391},[84,27530,854],{"class":387},[84,27532,881],{"class":102},[84,27534,9185],{"class":106},[84,27536,9188],{"class":102},[84,27538,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27540,116],{"class":98},[84,27542,103],{"class":102},[84,27544,17189],{"class":121},[84,27546,425],{"class":102},[84,27548,26117],{"class":121},[84,27550,103],{"class":102},[84,27552,854],{"class":387},[84,27554,9178],{"class":391},[84,27556,854],{"class":387},[84,27558,147],{"class":102},[84,27560,27561],{"class":128},"  # 25\n",[24,27563,27564,27565,27567,27568,27570],{},"A dictionary does ",[42,27566,1367],{}," use positions with ",[15,27569,12645],{},". It uses keys.",[1667,27572,4577,27574,27576],{"id":27573},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27575,12645],{}," changes the original dictionary",[75,27578,27580],{"className":77,"code":27579,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27581,27582,27614,27618,27640,27644,27657],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27583,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27585,9044],{"class":90},[84,27587,95],{"class":94},[84,27589,10371],{"class":102},[84,27591,854],{"class":387},[84,27593,2055],{"class":391},[84,27595,854],{"class":387},[84,27597,881],{"class":102},[84,27599,299],{"class":106},[84,27601,282],{"class":102},[84,27603,3230],{"class":387},[84,27605,11626],{"class":391},[84,27607,854],{"class":387},[84,27609,881],{"class":102},[84,27611,304],{"class":106},[84,27613,9188],{"class":102},[84,27615,27616],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27617,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27619,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27621,2329],{"class":90},[84,27623,95],{"class":94},[84,27625,14450],{"class":90},[84,27627,425],{"class":102},[84,27629,26117],{"class":121},[84,27631,103],{"class":102},[84,27633,854],{"class":387},[84,27635,2055],{"class":391},[84,27637,854],{"class":387},[84,27639,110],{"class":102},[84,27641,27642],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27643,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27645,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,27647,116],{"class":98},[84,27649,103],{"class":102},[84,27651,2354],{"class":121},[84,27653,125],{"class":102},[84,27655,27656],{"class":128},"  # 1\n",[84,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,27660,116],{"class":98},[84,27662,103],{"class":102},[84,27664,9083],{"class":121},[84,27666,125],{"class":102},[84,27668,27669],{"class":128},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[24,27671,27672,27673,27675],{},"After ",[15,27674,12645],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1667,27677,1442,27679,27681],{"id":27678},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27680,12645],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[75,27683,27685],{"className":77,"code":27684,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27686,27687,27711,27715,27720],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27688,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27690,9044],{"class":90},[84,27692,95],{"class":94},[84,27694,10371],{"class":102},[84,27696,854],{"class":387},[84,27698,7544],{"class":391},[84,27700,854],{"class":387},[84,27702,881],{"class":102},[84,27704,3230],{"class":387},[84,27706,7799],{"class":391},[84,27708,854],{"class":387},[84,27710,9188],{"class":102},[84,27712,27713],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27714,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27716,27717],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27718,27719],{"class":128},"# This causes an error\n",[84,27721,27722],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27723,27724],{"class":128},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[24,27726,27727],{},"Safer version:",[75,27729,27731],{"className":77,"code":27730,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27732,27733,27757,27761],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27734,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27736,9044],{"class":90},[84,27738,95],{"class":94},[84,27740,10371],{"class":102},[84,27742,854],{"class":387},[84,27744,7544],{"class":391},[84,27746,854],{"class":387},[84,27748,881],{"class":102},[84,27750,3230],{"class":387},[84,27752,7799],{"class":391},[84,27754,854],{"class":387},[84,27756,9188],{"class":102},[84,27758,27759],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27760,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27762,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27764,116],{"class":98},[84,27766,103],{"class":102},[84,27768,9083],{"class":121},[84,27770,425],{"class":102},[84,27772,26117],{"class":121},[84,27774,103],{"class":102},[84,27776,854],{"class":387},[84,27778,9178],{"class":391},[84,27780,854],{"class":387},[84,27782,282],{"class":102},[84,27784,3230],{"class":387},[84,27786,26649],{"class":391},[84,27788,854],{"class":387},[84,27790,147],{"class":102},[84,27792,26685],{"class":128},[1667,27794,8329,27796,27798],{"id":27795},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27797,12645],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[75,27800,27802],{"className":77,"code":27801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27803,27804,27836,27840,27862,27866,27878],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27805,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27807,9044],{"class":90},[84,27809,95],{"class":94},[84,27811,10371],{"class":102},[84,27813,854],{"class":387},[84,27815,419],{"class":391},[84,27817,854],{"class":387},[84,27819,881],{"class":102},[84,27821,299],{"class":106},[84,27823,282],{"class":102},[84,27825,3230],{"class":387},[84,27827,4634],{"class":391},[84,27829,854],{"class":387},[84,27831,881],{"class":102},[84,27833,304],{"class":106},[84,27835,9188],{"class":102},[84,27837,27838],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27839,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27841,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27843,2110],{"class":90},[84,27845,95],{"class":94},[84,27847,14450],{"class":90},[84,27849,425],{"class":102},[84,27851,26117],{"class":121},[84,27853,103],{"class":102},[84,27855,854],{"class":387},[84,27857,419],{"class":391},[84,27859,854],{"class":387},[84,27861,110],{"class":102},[84,27863,27864],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27865,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27867,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,27869,116],{"class":98},[84,27871,103],{"class":102},[84,27873,2145],{"class":121},[84,27875,125],{"class":102},[84,27877,27656],{"class":128},[84,27879,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,27881,116],{"class":98},[84,27883,103],{"class":102},[84,27885,9083],{"class":121},[84,27887,125],{"class":102},[84,27889,27890],{"class":128},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[24,27892,27893],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[70,27895,27897],{"id":27896},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[24,27899,27900,27901,27903],{},"Problems with ",[15,27902,12451],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[33,27905,27906,27909,27918,27921],{},[36,27907,27908],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[36,27910,27911,27912,27915,27916],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27913,27914],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27917,26213],{},[36,27919,27920],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[36,27922,27923,27924,1686,27926],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27925,838],{},[15,27927,27928],{},"\"1\"",[24,27930,27931],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[75,27933,27935],{"className":77,"code":27934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27936,27937,27961,27965,27995],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27938,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27940,9044],{"class":90},[84,27942,95],{"class":94},[84,27944,10371],{"class":102},[84,27946,854],{"class":387},[84,27948,838],{"class":391},[84,27950,854],{"class":387},[84,27952,881],{"class":102},[84,27954,3230],{"class":387},[84,27956,6459],{"class":391},[84,27958,854],{"class":387},[84,27960,9188],{"class":102},[84,27962,27963],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,27964,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,27966,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985,27988,27990,27992],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,27968,116],{"class":98},[84,27970,103],{"class":102},[84,27972,9083],{"class":121},[84,27974,425],{"class":102},[84,27976,26117],{"class":121},[84,27978,103],{"class":102},[84,27980,838],{"class":106},[84,27982,282],{"class":102},[84,27984,3230],{"class":387},[84,27986,27987],{"class":391},"not found",[84,27989,854],{"class":387},[84,27991,147],{"class":102},[84,27993,27994],{"class":128},"    # not found\n",[84,27996,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,27998,116],{"class":98},[84,28000,103],{"class":102},[84,28002,9083],{"class":121},[84,28004,425],{"class":102},[84,28006,26117],{"class":121},[84,28008,103],{"class":102},[84,28010,854],{"class":387},[84,28012,838],{"class":391},[84,28014,854],{"class":387},[84,28016,282],{"class":102},[84,28018,3230],{"class":387},[84,28020,27987],{"class":391},[84,28022,854],{"class":387},[84,28024,147],{"class":102},[84,28026,28027],{"class":128},"  # one\n",[24,28029,28030,28,28032,28034],{},[15,28031,838],{},[15,28033,27928],{}," are different keys.",[70,28036,8750],{"id":8749},[24,28038,8753,28039,28041],{},[15,28040,12645],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[75,28043,28045],{"className":77,"code":28044,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28046,28047,28057,28071,28089,28119],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28048,28049,28051,28053,28055],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28050,116],{"class":98},[84,28052,103],{"class":102},[84,28054,11329],{"class":121},[84,28056,110],{"class":102},[84,28058,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,28060,116],{"class":98},[84,28062,103],{"class":102},[84,28064,11329],{"class":121},[84,28066,425],{"class":102},[84,28068,16806],{"class":121},[84,28070,7069],{"class":102},[84,28072,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,28074,116],{"class":98},[84,28076,103],{"class":102},[84,28078,394],{"class":387},[84,28080,7544],{"class":391},[84,28082,394],{"class":387},[84,28084,620],{"class":470},[84,28086,11647],{"class":121},[84,28088,110],{"class":102},[84,28090,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,28092,116],{"class":98},[84,28094,103],{"class":102},[84,28096,11329],{"class":121},[84,28098,425],{"class":102},[84,28100,26117],{"class":121},[84,28102,103],{"class":102},[84,28104,394],{"class":387},[84,28106,7544],{"class":391},[84,28108,394],{"class":387},[84,28110,282],{"class":102},[84,28112,388],{"class":387},[84,28114,26649],{"class":391},[84,28116,394],{"class":387},[84,28118,232],{"class":102},[84,28120,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,28122,116],{"class":98},[84,28124,103],{"class":102},[84,28126,334],{"class":139},[84,28128,103],{"class":102},[84,28130,11329],{"class":121},[84,28132,232],{"class":102},[24,28134,21219],{},[33,28136,28137,28142,28147,28152,28158],{},[36,28138,28139,28141],{},[15,28140,12561],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[36,28143,28144,28146],{},[15,28145,21231],{}," shows all available keys",[36,28148,28149,28151],{},[15,28150,21237],{}," checks whether a key exists",[36,28153,28154,28157],{},[15,28155,28156],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[36,28159,28160,28162],{},[15,28161,12567],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[24,28164,28165,28166,425],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[419,28167,9271],{"href":9270},[70,28169,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,28171,28173,28174,28176],{"id":28172},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28175,12645],{}," return the key or the value?",[24,28178,28179],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1667,28181,28183],{"id":28182},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[24,28185,28186,26414,28188,28190,28191,28193],{},[15,28187,26213],{},[15,28189,19571],{},". ",[15,28192,26217],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1667,28195,12586,28197,14780],{"id":28196},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28198,12645],{},[24,28200,28201],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1667,28203,28205,28206,28208],{"id":28204},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28207,12645],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[24,28210,28211,28212,28214,28215,425],{},"Not with ",[15,28213,12451],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[419,28216,28217],{"href":12462},[15,28218,12652],{},[1667,28220,5053,28222,28,28224,1689],{"id":28221},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28223,10619],{},[15,28225,12645],{},[24,28227,28228,28230,28231,28233],{},[15,28229,10619],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28232,12645],{}," reads and removes it.",[70,28235,1777],{"id":1776},[33,28237,28238,28244,28251,28255,28259,28263],{},[36,28239,28240],{},[419,28241,28242],{"href":10615},[15,28243,19552],{},[36,28245,28246],{},[419,28247,28248],{"href":12462},[15,28249,28250],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[36,28252,28253],{},[419,28254,12669],{"href":12455},[36,28256,28257],{},[419,28258,21340],{"href":16479},[36,28260,28261],{},[419,28262,11141],{"href":10954},[36,28264,28265],{},[419,28266,28268],{"href":28267},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1814,28270,28271],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":28273},[28274,28275,28277,28278,28279,28281,28288,28295,28305,28306,28307,28318],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":26224,"depth":113,"text":28276},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":26709,"depth":113,"text":28280},"When to use pop()",{"id":26896,"depth":113,"text":28282,"children":28283},"pop() vs del",[28284,28286],{"id":26911,"depth":132,"text":28285},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27014,"depth":132,"text":28287},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27117,"depth":113,"text":28289,"children":28290},"How to avoid KeyError",[28291,28292,28293],{"id":27126,"depth":132,"text":27127},{"id":27222,"depth":132,"text":27223},{"id":27330,"depth":132,"text":28294},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":28296},[28297,28299,28301,28303],{"id":27440,"depth":132,"text":28298},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27573,"depth":132,"text":28300},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27678,"depth":132,"text":28302},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27795,"depth":132,"text":28304},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27896,"depth":113,"text":27897},{"id":8749,"depth":113,"text":8750},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":28308},[28309,28311,28312,28314,28316],{"id":28172,"depth":132,"text":28310},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28182,"depth":132,"text":28183},{"id":28196,"depth":132,"text":28313},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28204,"depth":132,"text":28315},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28221,"depth":132,"text":28317},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26045,"description":28319},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28326,"title":28250,"body":28327,"description":30265,"extension":1845,"meta":30266,"navigation":237,"path":30267,"seo":30268,"stem":30269,"__hash__":30270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28328,"toc":30229},[28329,28334,28339,28342,28350,28360,28362,28451,28455,28504,28509,28514,28518,28534,28537,28539,28554,28556,28572,28579,28583,28589,28598,28600,28669,28673,28694,28697,28716,28719,28742,28744,28747,28862,28866,28925,28932,28936,28942,29067,29071,29121,29124,29128,29135,29137,29200,29204,29225,29228,29237,29252,29260,29267,29271,29283,29287,29298,29300,29446,29450,29508,29515,29520,29524,29530,29553,29558,29576,29580,29651,29658,29731,29740,29745,29750,29761,29764,29901,29906,29938,29943,29945,29949,30009,30012,30069,30072,30115,30117,30122,30128,30134,30137,30144,30152,30157,30160,30167,30175,30177,30226],[10,28330,11197,28332,11201],{"id":28331},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28333,12652],{},[24,28335,1862,28336,28338],{},[15,28337,12652],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[24,28340,28341],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[33,28343,28344,28347],{},[36,28345,28346],{},"remove an item",[36,28348,28349],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[24,28351,28352,28353,28355,28356,28359],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28354,12652],{}," removes the ",[42,28357,28358],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[70,28361,1887],{"id":1886},[75,28363,28365],{"className":77,"code":28364,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28366,28367,28411,28427,28431,28441],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28368,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28370,9044],{"class":90},[84,28372,95],{"class":94},[84,28374,10371],{"class":102},[84,28376,854],{"class":387},[84,28378,419],{"class":391},[84,28380,854],{"class":387},[84,28382,881],{"class":102},[84,28384,299],{"class":106},[84,28386,282],{"class":102},[84,28388,3230],{"class":387},[84,28390,4634],{"class":391},[84,28392,854],{"class":387},[84,28394,881],{"class":102},[84,28396,304],{"class":106},[84,28398,282],{"class":102},[84,28400,3230],{"class":387},[84,28402,9619],{"class":391},[84,28404,854],{"class":387},[84,28406,881],{"class":102},[84,28408,309],{"class":106},[84,28410,9188],{"class":102},[84,28412,28413,28416,28418,28420,28422,28425],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,28414,28415],{"class":90},"item ",[84,28417,95],{"class":94},[84,28419,14450],{"class":90},[84,28421,425],{"class":102},[84,28423,28424],{"class":121},"popitem",[84,28426,8520],{"class":102},[84,28428,28429],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,28430,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,28432,28433,28435,28437,28439],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,28434,116],{"class":98},[84,28436,103],{"class":102},[84,28438,23191],{"class":121},[84,28440,110],{"class":102},[84,28442,28443,28445,28447,28449],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,28444,116],{"class":98},[84,28446,103],{"class":102},[84,28448,9083],{"class":121},[84,28450,110],{"class":102},[24,28452,28453],{},[42,28454,265],{},[75,28456,28458],{"className":77,"code":28457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28459,28460,28476],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28461,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28463,103],{"class":102},[84,28465,394],{"class":387},[84,28467,9619],{"class":391},[84,28469,394],{"class":387},[84,28471,282],{"class":102},[84,28473,309],{"class":106},[84,28475,110],{"class":102},[84,28477,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,28479,9157],{"class":102},[84,28481,394],{"class":387},[84,28483,419],{"class":391},[84,28485,394],{"class":387},[84,28487,881],{"class":102},[84,28489,299],{"class":106},[84,28491,282],{"class":102},[84,28493,388],{"class":387},[84,28495,4634],{"class":391},[84,28497,394],{"class":387},[84,28499,881],{"class":102},[84,28501,304],{"class":106},[84,28503,9188],{"class":102},[24,28505,28506,28508],{},[15,28507,12652],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[70,28510,429,28512,3554],{"id":28511},"what-popitem-does",[15,28513,12652],{},[24,28515,28516,881],{},[15,28517,12652],{},[33,28519,28520,28523,28528,28531],{},[36,28521,28522],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[36,28524,28525,28526],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28527,21538],{},[36,28529,28530],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[36,28532,28533],{},"changes the original dictionary",[24,28535,28536],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[70,28538,2038],{"id":2037},[75,28540,28542],{"className":77,"code":28541,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28543,28544],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28545,28546,28548,28550,28552],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28547,15486],{"class":90},[84,28549,425],{"class":102},[84,28551,28424],{"class":121},[84,28553,8520],{"class":102},[24,28555,11338],{},[33,28557,28558,28566,28569],{},[36,28559,28560,28562,28563],{},[15,28561,12652],{}," takes ",[42,28564,28565],{},"no arguments",[36,28567,28568],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[36,28570,28571],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[24,28573,28574,28575,6505],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[419,28576,28577],{"href":12448},[15,28578,12645],{},[70,28580,28582],{"id":28581},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[24,28584,28585,28586,28588],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28587,12652],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28590,28591,28592,28595],"ol",{},[36,28593,28594],{},"the key",[36,28596,28597],{},"the value",[24,28599,190],{},[75,28601,28603],{"className":77,"code":28602,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28604,28605,28641,28655,28659],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28606,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28608,13088],{"class":90},[84,28610,95],{"class":94},[84,28612,10371],{"class":102},[84,28614,854],{"class":387},[84,28616,7544],{"class":391},[84,28618,854],{"class":387},[84,28620,881],{"class":102},[84,28622,3230],{"class":387},[84,28624,4877],{"class":391},[84,28626,854],{"class":387},[84,28628,282],{"class":102},[84,28630,3230],{"class":387},[84,28632,9178],{"class":391},[84,28634,854],{"class":387},[84,28636,881],{"class":102},[84,28638,9185],{"class":106},[84,28640,9188],{"class":102},[84,28642,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,28644,2110],{"class":90},[84,28646,95],{"class":94},[84,28648,13131],{"class":90},[84,28650,425],{"class":102},[84,28652,28424],{"class":121},[84,28654,8520],{"class":102},[84,28656,28657],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,28658,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,28660,28661,28663,28665,28667],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,28662,116],{"class":98},[84,28664,103],{"class":102},[84,28666,2145],{"class":121},[84,28668,110],{"class":102},[24,28670,28671],{},[42,28672,265],{},[75,28674,28676],{"className":77,"code":28675,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28677,28678],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28679,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28681,103],{"class":102},[84,28683,394],{"class":387},[84,28685,9178],{"class":391},[84,28687,394],{"class":387},[84,28689,282],{"class":102},[84,28691,9185],{"class":106},[84,28693,110],{"class":102},[24,28695,28696],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[75,28698,28700],{"className":77,"code":28699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28701,28702],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28703,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28705,2110],{"class":90},[84,28707,95],{"class":94},[84,28709,13131],{"class":90},[84,28711,425],{"class":102},[84,28713,28424],{"class":121},[84,28715,8520],{"class":102},[24,28717,28718],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[75,28720,28722],{"className":77,"code":28721,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28723,28724],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28725,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28727,14725],{"class":90},[84,28729,282],{"class":102},[84,28731,21467],{"class":90},[84,28733,95],{"class":94},[84,28735,13131],{"class":90},[84,28737,425],{"class":102},[84,28739,28424],{"class":121},[84,28741,8520],{"class":102},[70,28743,11355],{"id":11354},[24,28745,28746],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[75,28748,28750],{"className":77,"code":28749,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28751,28752,28800,28804,28819,28823,28843],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28753,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28784,28786,28788,28791,28793,28795,28798],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28755,4937],{"class":90},[84,28757,95],{"class":94},[84,28759,10371],{"class":102},[84,28761,854],{"class":387},[84,28763,28764],{"class":391},"Tom",[84,28766,854],{"class":387},[84,28768,881],{"class":102},[84,28770,4949],{"class":106},[84,28772,282],{"class":102},[84,28774,3230],{"class":387},[84,28776,12763],{"class":391},[84,28778,854],{"class":387},[84,28780,881],{"class":102},[84,28782,28783],{"class":106}," 95",[84,28785,282],{"class":102},[84,28787,3230],{"class":387},[84,28789,28790],{"class":391},"Leo",[84,28792,854],{"class":387},[84,28794,881],{"class":102},[84,28796,28797],{"class":106}," 88",[84,28799,9188],{"class":102},[84,28801,28802],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,28803,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,28805,28806,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,28807,28808],{"class":90},"removed_pair ",[84,28810,95],{"class":94},[84,28812,4984],{"class":90},[84,28814,425],{"class":102},[84,28816,28424],{"class":121},[84,28818,8520],{"class":102},[84,28820,28821],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,28822,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,28824,28825,28827,28829,28831,28834,28836,28838,28841],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,28826,116],{"class":98},[84,28828,103],{"class":102},[84,28830,854],{"class":387},[84,28832,28833],{"class":391},"Removed:",[84,28835,854],{"class":387},[84,28837,282],{"class":102},[84,28839,28840],{"class":121}," removed_pair",[84,28842,110],{"class":102},[84,28844,28845,28847,28849,28851,28854,28856,28858,28860],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,28846,116],{"class":98},[84,28848,103],{"class":102},[84,28850,854],{"class":387},[84,28852,28853],{"class":391},"After removal:",[84,28855,854],{"class":387},[84,28857,282],{"class":102},[84,28859,4984],{"class":121},[84,28861,110],{"class":102},[24,28863,28864],{},[42,28865,265],{},[75,28867,28869],{"className":77,"code":28868,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28870,28871,28892],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28872,28873,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28874,28875],{"class":90},"Removed",[84,28877,881],{"class":102},[84,28879,9115],{"class":102},[84,28881,394],{"class":387},[84,28883,28790],{"class":391},[84,28885,394],{"class":387},[84,28887,282],{"class":102},[84,28889,28797],{"class":106},[84,28891,110],{"class":102},[84,28893,28894,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,28895,28896],{"class":90},"After removal",[84,28898,881],{"class":102},[84,28900,10371],{"class":102},[84,28902,394],{"class":387},[84,28904,28764],{"class":391},[84,28906,394],{"class":387},[84,28908,881],{"class":102},[84,28910,4949],{"class":106},[84,28912,282],{"class":102},[84,28914,388],{"class":387},[84,28916,12763],{"class":391},[84,28918,394],{"class":387},[84,28920,881],{"class":102},[84,28922,28783],{"class":106},[84,28924,9188],{"class":102},[24,28926,28927,28928,28931],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28929,28930],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[70,28933,28935],{"id":28934},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[24,28937,28938,28939,28941],{},"Because ",[15,28940,12652],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[75,28943,28945],{"className":77,"code":28944,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28946,28947,28983,28987,29006,29010,29029,29048],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28948,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28950,15331],{"class":90},[84,28952,95],{"class":94},[84,28954,10371],{"class":102},[84,28956,854],{"class":387},[84,28958,15342],{"class":391},[84,28960,854],{"class":387},[84,28962,881],{"class":102},[84,28964,3230],{"class":387},[84,28966,15351],{"class":391},[84,28968,854],{"class":387},[84,28970,282],{"class":102},[84,28972,3230],{"class":387},[84,28974,15362],{"class":391},[84,28976,854],{"class":387},[84,28978,881],{"class":102},[84,28980,26783],{"class":106},[84,28982,9188],{"class":102},[84,28984,28985],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,28986,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,28988,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,29000,29002,29004],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,28990,14725],{"class":90},[84,28992,282],{"class":102},[84,28994,21467],{"class":90},[84,28996,95],{"class":94},[84,28998,28999],{"class":90}," book",[84,29001,425],{"class":102},[84,29003,28424],{"class":121},[84,29005,8520],{"class":102},[84,29007,29008],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,29009,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,29011,29012,29014,29016,29018,29021,29023,29025,29027],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,29013,116],{"class":98},[84,29015,103],{"class":102},[84,29017,854],{"class":387},[84,29019,29020],{"class":391},"Key:",[84,29022,854],{"class":387},[84,29024,282],{"class":102},[84,29026,21462],{"class":121},[84,29028,110],{"class":102},[84,29030,29031,29033,29035,29037,29040,29042,29044,29046],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,29032,116],{"class":98},[84,29034,103],{"class":102},[84,29036,854],{"class":387},[84,29038,29039],{"class":391},"Value:",[84,29041,854],{"class":387},[84,29043,282],{"class":102},[84,29045,8309],{"class":121},[84,29047,110],{"class":102},[84,29049,29050,29052,29054,29056,29059,29061,29063,29065],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,29051,116],{"class":98},[84,29053,103],{"class":102},[84,29055,854],{"class":387},[84,29057,29058],{"class":391},"Dictionary:",[84,29060,854],{"class":387},[84,29062,282],{"class":102},[84,29064,28999],{"class":121},[84,29066,110],{"class":102},[24,29068,29069],{},[42,29070,265],{},[75,29072,29074],{"className":77,"code":29073,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29075,29076,29086,29096],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29077,29078,29081,29083],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29079,29080],{"class":90},"Key",[84,29082,881],{"class":102},[84,29084,29085],{"class":90}," pages\n",[84,29087,29088,29091,29093],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29089,29090],{"class":90},"Value",[84,29092,881],{"class":102},[84,29094,29095],{"class":106}," 200\n",[84,29097,29098,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,29099,29100],{"class":90},"Dictionary",[84,29102,881],{"class":102},[84,29104,10371],{"class":102},[84,29106,394],{"class":387},[84,29108,15342],{"class":391},[84,29110,394],{"class":387},[84,29112,881],{"class":102},[84,29114,388],{"class":387},[84,29116,15351],{"class":391},[84,29118,394],{"class":387},[84,29120,9188],{"class":102},[24,29122,29123],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[70,29125,29127],{"id":29126},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[24,29129,29130,29131,28355,29133,425],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29132,12652],{},[42,29134,28358],{},[24,29136,190],{},[75,29138,29140],{"className":77,"code":29139,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29141,29142,29186],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29143,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29145,9044],{"class":90},[84,29147,95],{"class":94},[84,29149,10371],{"class":102},[84,29151,854],{"class":387},[84,29153,2055],{"class":391},[84,29155,854],{"class":387},[84,29157,881],{"class":102},[84,29159,299],{"class":106},[84,29161,282],{"class":102},[84,29163,3230],{"class":387},[84,29165,11626],{"class":391},[84,29167,854],{"class":387},[84,29169,881],{"class":102},[84,29171,304],{"class":106},[84,29173,282],{"class":102},[84,29175,3230],{"class":387},[84,29177,21958],{"class":391},[84,29179,854],{"class":387},[84,29181,881],{"class":102},[84,29183,309],{"class":106},[84,29185,9188],{"class":102},[84,29187,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29189,116],{"class":98},[84,29191,103],{"class":102},[84,29193,9083],{"class":121},[84,29195,425],{"class":102},[84,29197,28424],{"class":121},[84,29199,7069],{"class":102},[24,29201,29202],{},[42,29203,265],{},[75,29205,29207],{"className":77,"code":29206,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29208,29209],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29210,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29212,103],{"class":102},[84,29214,394],{"class":387},[84,29216,21958],{"class":391},[84,29218,394],{"class":387},[84,29220,282],{"class":102},[84,29222,309],{"class":106},[84,29224,110],{"class":102},[24,29226,29227],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[24,29229,29230,29231,29233,29234,29236],{},"As a beginner, do ",[42,29232,1367],{}," think of ",[15,29235,12652],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[24,29238,29239,29240,1263,29244,16954,29248,425],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[419,29241,29242],{"href":16957},[15,29243,16960],{},[419,29245,29246],{"href":16944},[15,29247,16947],{},[419,29249,29250],{"href":16950},[15,29251,16953],{},[70,29253,29255,29256,28,29258],{"id":29254},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29257,12652],{},[15,29259,12645],{},[24,29261,29262,28,29264,29266],{},[15,29263,12652],{},[15,29265,12645],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1667,29268,29269],{"id":28424},[15,29270,12652],{},[33,29272,29273,29276,29279],{},[36,29274,29275],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[36,29277,29278],{},"does not need a key argument",[36,29280,3566,29281],{},[15,29282,21538],{},[1667,29284,29285],{"id":26117},[15,29286,12645],{},[33,29288,29289,29292,29295],{},[36,29290,29291],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[36,29293,29294],{},"needs the key name",[36,29296,29297],{},"returns only the value",[24,29299,190],{},[75,29301,29303],{"className":77,"code":29302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29304,29305,29349,29353,29367,29387,29391,29413,29432,29436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29306,29307,29309,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29308,9044],{"class":90},[84,29310,95],{"class":94},[84,29312,10371],{"class":102},[84,29314,854],{"class":387},[84,29316,419],{"class":391},[84,29318,854],{"class":387},[84,29320,881],{"class":102},[84,29322,299],{"class":106},[84,29324,282],{"class":102},[84,29326,3230],{"class":387},[84,29328,4634],{"class":391},[84,29330,854],{"class":387},[84,29332,881],{"class":102},[84,29334,304],{"class":106},[84,29336,282],{"class":102},[84,29338,3230],{"class":387},[84,29340,9619],{"class":391},[84,29342,854],{"class":387},[84,29344,881],{"class":102},[84,29346,309],{"class":106},[84,29348,9188],{"class":102},[84,29350,29351],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29352,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,29354,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,29356,28415],{"class":90},[84,29358,95],{"class":94},[84,29360,14450],{"class":90},[84,29362,425],{"class":102},[84,29364,28424],{"class":121},[84,29366,8520],{"class":102},[84,29368,29369,29371,29373,29375,29378,29380,29382,29385],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,29370,116],{"class":98},[84,29372,103],{"class":102},[84,29374,854],{"class":387},[84,29376,29377],{"class":391},"popitem():",[84,29379,854],{"class":387},[84,29381,282],{"class":102},[84,29383,29384],{"class":121}," item",[84,29386,110],{"class":102},[84,29388,29389],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,29390,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,29392,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,29394,2329],{"class":90},[84,29396,95],{"class":94},[84,29398,14450],{"class":90},[84,29400,425],{"class":102},[84,29402,26117],{"class":121},[84,29404,103],{"class":102},[84,29406,854],{"class":387},[84,29408,419],{"class":391},[84,29410,854],{"class":387},[84,29412,110],{"class":102},[84,29414,29415,29417,29419,29421,29424,29426,29428,29430],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,29416,116],{"class":98},[84,29418,103],{"class":102},[84,29420,854],{"class":387},[84,29422,29423],{"class":391},"pop('a'):",[84,29425,854],{"class":387},[84,29427,282],{"class":102},[84,29429,8309],{"class":121},[84,29431,110],{"class":102},[84,29433,29434],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,29435,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,29437,29438,29440,29442,29444],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,29439,116],{"class":98},[84,29441,103],{"class":102},[84,29443,9083],{"class":121},[84,29445,110],{"class":102},[24,29447,29448],{},[42,29449,265],{},[75,29451,29453],{"className":77,"code":29452,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29454,29455,29476,29492],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29456,29457,29459,29462,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29458,28424],{"class":121},[84,29460,29461],{"class":102},"():",[84,29463,9115],{"class":102},[84,29465,394],{"class":387},[84,29467,9619],{"class":391},[84,29469,394],{"class":387},[84,29471,282],{"class":102},[84,29473,309],{"class":106},[84,29475,110],{"class":102},[84,29477,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488,29490],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29479,26117],{"class":121},[84,29481,103],{"class":102},[84,29483,394],{"class":387},[84,29485,419],{"class":391},[84,29487,394],{"class":387},[84,29489,16334],{"class":102},[84,29491,884],{"class":106},[84,29493,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,29495,9157],{"class":102},[84,29497,394],{"class":387},[84,29499,4634],{"class":391},[84,29501,394],{"class":387},[84,29503,881],{"class":102},[84,29505,304],{"class":106},[84,29507,9188],{"class":102},[24,29509,153,29510,29514],{},[419,29511,29512],{"href":12448},[15,29513,12645],{}," when you know the key.",[24,29516,153,29517,29519],{},[15,29518,12652],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[70,29521,29523],{"id":29522},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[24,29525,29526,29527,29529],{},"Calling ",[15,29528,12652],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[75,29531,29533],{"className":77,"code":29532,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29534,29535,29543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29536,29537,29539,29541],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29538,9044],{"class":90},[84,29540,95],{"class":94},[84,29542,9718],{"class":102},[84,29544,29545,29547,29549,29551],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29546,9083],{"class":90},[84,29548,425],{"class":102},[84,29550,28424],{"class":121},[84,29552,8520],{"class":102},[24,29554,29555],{},[42,29556,29557],{},"Error:",[75,29559,29561],{"className":77,"code":29560,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29562,29563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29564,29565,29567,29569,29571,29574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29566,19571],{"class":139},[84,29568,881],{"class":102},[84,29570,388],{"class":387},[84,29572,29573],{"class":391},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[84,29575,1257],{"class":387},[1667,29577,29579],{"id":29578},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[75,29581,29583],{"className":77,"code":29582,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29584,29585,29593,29597,29605,29620,29630,29636],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29586,29587,29589,29591],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29588,9044],{"class":90},[84,29590,95],{"class":94},[84,29592,9718],{"class":102},[84,29594,29595],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29596,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,29598,29599,29601,29603],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,29600,6872],{"class":470},[84,29602,14450],{"class":90},[84,29604,6266],{"class":102},[84,29606,29607,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,29608,29609],{"class":90},"    item ",[84,29611,95],{"class":94},[84,29613,14450],{"class":90},[84,29615,425],{"class":102},[84,29617,28424],{"class":121},[84,29619,8520],{"class":102},[84,29621,29622,29624,29626,29628],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,29623,490],{"class":98},[84,29625,103],{"class":102},[84,29627,23191],{"class":121},[84,29629,110],{"class":102},[84,29631,29632,29634],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,29633,27310],{"class":470},[84,29635,6266],{"class":102},[84,29637,29638,29640,29642,29644,29647,29649],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,29639,490],{"class":98},[84,29641,103],{"class":102},[84,29643,854],{"class":387},[84,29645,29646],{"class":391},"Dictionary is empty",[84,29648,854],{"class":387},[84,29650,110],{"class":102},[1667,29652,29654,29655],{"id":29653},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29656,29657],{},"try-except",[75,29659,29661],{"className":77,"code":29660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29662,29663,29671,29675,29682,29696,29706,29716],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29664,29665,29667,29669],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29666,9044],{"class":90},[84,29668,95],{"class":94},[84,29670,9718],{"class":102},[84,29672,29673],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29674,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,29676,29677,29680],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,29678,29679],{"class":470},"try",[84,29681,6266],{"class":102},[84,29683,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,29685,29609],{"class":90},[84,29687,95],{"class":94},[84,29689,14450],{"class":90},[84,29691,425],{"class":102},[84,29693,28424],{"class":121},[84,29695,8520],{"class":102},[84,29697,29698,29700,29702,29704],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,29699,490],{"class":98},[84,29701,103],{"class":102},[84,29703,23191],{"class":121},[84,29705,110],{"class":102},[84,29707,29708,29711,29714],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,29709,29710],{"class":470},"except",[84,29712,29713],{"class":139}," KeyError",[84,29715,6266],{"class":102},[84,29717,29718,29720,29722,29724,29727,29729],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,29719,490],{"class":98},[84,29721,103],{"class":102},[84,29723,854],{"class":387},[84,29725,29726],{"class":391},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[84,29728,854],{"class":387},[84,29730,110],{"class":102},[24,29732,29733,29734,425],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[419,29735,1278,29737],{"href":29736},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29738,29739],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[70,29741,792,29743],{"id":29742},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29744,12652],{},[24,29746,29747,29749],{},[15,29748,12652],{}," is useful when:",[33,29751,29752,29755,29758],{},[36,29753,29754],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[36,29756,29757],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[36,29759,29760],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[24,29762,29763],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[75,29765,29767],{"className":77,"code":29766,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29768,29769,29778,29798,29818,29836,29840,29844,29854,29873],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29770,29771,29774,29776],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29772,29773],{"class":90},"tasks ",[84,29775,95],{"class":94},[84,29777,11373],{"class":102},[84,29779,29780,29782,29785,29787,29789,29791,29794,29796],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29781,11378],{"class":387},[84,29783,29784],{"class":391},"first",[84,29786,854],{"class":387},[84,29788,881],{"class":102},[84,29790,3230],{"class":387},[84,29792,29793],{"class":391},"wash dishes",[84,29795,854],{"class":387},[84,29797,11394],{"class":102},[84,29799,29800,29802,29805,29807,29809,29811,29814,29816],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,29801,11378],{"class":387},[84,29803,29804],{"class":391},"second",[84,29806,854],{"class":387},[84,29808,881],{"class":102},[84,29810,3230],{"class":387},[84,29812,29813],{"class":391},"do homework",[84,29815,854],{"class":387},[84,29817,11394],{"class":102},[84,29819,29820,29822,29825,29827,29829,29831,29834],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,29821,11378],{"class":387},[84,29823,29824],{"class":391},"third",[84,29826,854],{"class":387},[84,29828,881],{"class":102},[84,29830,3230],{"class":387},[84,29832,29833],{"class":391},"read book",[84,29835,3236],{"class":387},[84,29837,29838],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,29839,9188],{"class":102},[84,29841,29842],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,29843,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,29845,29846,29849,29852],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,29847,29848],{"class":470},"while",[84,29850,29851],{"class":90}," tasks",[84,29853,6266],{"class":102},[84,29855,29856,29859,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869,29871],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,29857,29858],{"class":90},"    key",[84,29860,282],{"class":102},[84,29862,21467],{"class":90},[84,29864,95],{"class":94},[84,29866,29851],{"class":90},[84,29868,425],{"class":102},[84,29870,28424],{"class":121},[84,29872,8520],{"class":102},[84,29874,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,29876,490],{"class":98},[84,29878,103],{"class":102},[84,29880,22175],{"class":383},[84,29882,854],{"class":391},[84,29884,9157],{"class":106},[84,29886,14725],{"class":121},[84,29888,22184],{"class":106},[84,29890,22187],{"class":391},[84,29892,9157],{"class":106},[84,29894,2354],{"class":121},[84,29896,22184],{"class":106},[84,29898,854],{"class":391},[84,29900,110],{"class":102},[24,29902,29903],{},[42,29904,29905],{},"Possible output:",[75,29907,29909],{"className":77,"code":29908,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29910,29911,29920,29929],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29912,29913,29915,29917],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29914,29824],{"class":90},[84,29916,881],{"class":102},[84,29918,29919],{"class":90}," read book\n",[84,29921,29922,29924,29926],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,29923,29804],{"class":90},[84,29925,881],{"class":102},[84,29927,29928],{"class":90}," do homework\n",[84,29930,29931,29933,29935],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,29932,29784],{"class":90},[84,29934,881],{"class":102},[84,29936,29937],{"class":90}," wash dishes\n",[24,29939,28938,29940,29942],{},[15,29941,12652],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[70,29944,1434],{"id":1433},[24,29946,14617,29947,881],{},[15,29948,12652],{},[33,29950,29951,29965,29984,29995],{},[36,29952,29953,29958],{},[42,29954,29526,29955,29957],{},[15,29956,12652],{}," on an empty dictionary",[33,29959,29960],{},[36,29961,29962,29963,425],{},"This raises ",[15,29964,19571],{},[36,29966,29967,29972],{},[42,29968,8329,29969,29971],{},[15,29970,12652],{}," to remove a specific key",[33,29973,29974,29977],{},[36,29975,29976],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[36,29978,153,29979,29983],{},[419,29980,29981],{"href":12448},[15,29982,12645],{}," if you need that.",[36,29985,29986,29990],{},[42,29987,4577,29988,27576],{},[15,29989,12652],{},[33,29991,29992],{},[36,29993,29994],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[36,29996,29997,30000],{},[42,29998,29999],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[33,30001,30002],{},[36,30003,30004,173,30006,30008],{},[15,30005,12652],{},[15,30007,21538],{}," tuple.",[24,30010,30011],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[75,30013,30015],{"className":77,"code":30014,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30016,30017,30027,30041,30045,30059],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30018,30019,30021,30023,30025],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30020,116],{"class":98},[84,30022,103],{"class":102},[84,30024,11329],{"class":121},[84,30026,110],{"class":102},[84,30028,30029,30031,30033,30035,30037,30039],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,30030,116],{"class":98},[84,30032,103],{"class":102},[84,30034,602],{"class":98},[84,30036,103],{"class":102},[84,30038,11329],{"class":121},[84,30040,232],{"class":102},[84,30042,30043],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,30044,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,30046,30047,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,30048,28415],{"class":90},[84,30050,95],{"class":94},[84,30052,11647],{"class":90},[84,30054,425],{"class":102},[84,30056,28424],{"class":121},[84,30058,8520],{"class":102},[84,30060,30061,30063,30065,30067],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,30062,116],{"class":98},[84,30064,103],{"class":102},[84,30066,23191],{"class":121},[84,30068,110],{"class":102},[24,30070,30071],{},"Or with unpacking:",[75,30073,30075],{"className":77,"code":30074,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30076,30077,30095,30105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30078,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30080,14725],{"class":90},[84,30082,282],{"class":102},[84,30084,21467],{"class":90},[84,30086,95],{"class":94},[84,30088,11647],{"class":90},[84,30090,425],{"class":102},[84,30092,28424],{"class":121},[84,30094,8520],{"class":102},[84,30096,30097,30099,30101,30103],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,30098,116],{"class":98},[84,30100,103],{"class":102},[84,30102,14725],{"class":121},[84,30104,110],{"class":102},[84,30106,30107,30109,30111,30113],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,30108,116],{"class":98},[84,30110,103],{"class":102},[84,30112,2354],{"class":121},[84,30114,110],{"class":102},[70,30116,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,30118,5016,30120,5019],{"id":30119},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30121,12652],{},[24,30123,30124,30125,425],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30126,30127],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1667,30129,12586,30131,30133],{"id":30130},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30132,12652],{}," remove the last item?",[24,30135,30136],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1667,30138,30140,30141,30143],{"id":30139},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30142,12652],{}," removes?",[24,30145,30146,30147,30151],{},"No. Use ",[419,30148,30149],{"href":12448},[15,30150,12645],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1667,30153,12586,30155,14780],{"id":30154},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30156,12652],{},[24,30158,30159],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1667,30161,30163,30164,30166],{"id":30162},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30165,12652],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[24,30168,30169,30170,30172,30173,425],{},"It raises ",[15,30171,19571],{}," with the message ",[15,30174,29573],{},[70,30176,1777],{"id":1776},[33,30178,30179,30186,30192,30198,30204,30211,30215,30219],{},[36,30180,30181],{},[419,30182,30183,30185],{"href":12448},[15,30184,12645],{}," method for dictionaries",[36,30187,30188],{},[419,30189,30190,30185],{"href":16957},[15,30191,16960],{},[36,30193,30194],{},[419,30195,30196,30185],{"href":16944},[15,30197,16947],{},[36,30199,30200],{},[419,30201,30202,30185],{"href":16950},[15,30203,16953],{},[36,30205,30206],{},[419,30207,30209,30185],{"href":30208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30210,11200],{},[36,30212,30213],{},[419,30214,12669],{"href":12455},[36,30216,30217],{},[419,30218,21340],{"href":16479},[36,30220,30221],{},[419,30222,30223,30224],{"href":29736},"Fix ",[15,30225,29739],{},[1814,30227,30228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":30230},[30231,30232,30234,30235,30236,30237,30238,30239,30244,30249,30251,30252,30264],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":28511,"depth":113,"text":30233},"What popitem() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":28581,"depth":113,"text":28582},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":28934,"depth":113,"text":28935},{"id":29126,"depth":113,"text":29127},{"id":29254,"depth":113,"text":30240,"children":30241},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30242,30243],{"id":28424,"depth":132,"text":12652},{"id":26117,"depth":132,"text":12645},{"id":29522,"depth":113,"text":29523,"children":30245},[30246,30247],{"id":29578,"depth":132,"text":29579},{"id":29653,"depth":132,"text":30248},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29742,"depth":113,"text":30250},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":30253},[30254,30256,30258,30260,30262],{"id":30119,"depth":132,"text":30255},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30130,"depth":132,"text":30257},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30139,"depth":132,"text":30259},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30154,"depth":132,"text":30261},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30162,"depth":132,"text":30263},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28250,"description":30265},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30272,"title":30273,"body":30274,"description":32177,"extension":1845,"meta":32178,"navigation":237,"path":13916,"seo":32179,"stem":32180,"__hash__":32181},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30275,"toc":32149},[30276,30281,30286,30289,30291,30388,30393,30398,30403,30406,30414,30417,30432,30434,30534,30536,30593,30597,30599,30602,30622,30627,30638,30641,30668,30671,30673,30730,30732,30753,30759,30764,30767,30778,30780,30888,30890,30943,30945,30957,30964,30970,30975,30978,31066,31068,31113,31116,31124,31127,31130,31199,31202,31205,31209,31212,31283,31285,31338,31341,31344,31347,31362,31365,31377,31380,31443,31445,31451,31453,31455,31534,31536,31577,31579,31644,31646,31683,31688,31693,31697,31711,31714,31837,31839,31924,31929,31931,31935,31957,31960,32040,32043,32062,32067,32069,32075,32080,32086,32089,32095,32098,32104,32109,32115,32121,32123,32146],[10,30277,11197,30279,11201],{"id":30278},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30280,14837],{},[24,30282,1862,30283,30285],{},[15,30284,14837],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[24,30287,30288],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[70,30290,1887],{"id":1886},[75,30292,30294],{"className":77,"code":30293,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30295,30296,30332,30373,30383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30297,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30299,13088],{"class":90},[84,30301,95],{"class":94},[84,30303,10371],{"class":102},[84,30305,854],{"class":387},[84,30307,7544],{"class":391},[84,30309,854],{"class":387},[84,30311,881],{"class":102},[84,30313,3230],{"class":387},[84,30315,12763],{"class":391},[84,30317,854],{"class":387},[84,30319,282],{"class":102},[84,30321,3230],{"class":387},[84,30323,9178],{"class":391},[84,30325,854],{"class":387},[84,30327,881],{"class":102},[84,30329,7667],{"class":106},[84,30331,9188],{"class":102},[84,30333,30334,30336,30338,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,30335,17189],{"class":90},[84,30337,425],{"class":102},[84,30339,30340],{"class":121},"update",[84,30342,5403],{"class":102},[84,30344,854],{"class":387},[84,30346,9178],{"class":391},[84,30348,854],{"class":387},[84,30350,881],{"class":102},[84,30352,30353],{"class":106}," 21",[84,30355,282],{"class":102},[84,30357,3230],{"class":387},[84,30359,10289],{"class":391},[84,30361,854],{"class":387},[84,30363,881],{"class":102},[84,30365,3230],{"class":387},[84,30367,15913],{"class":391},[84,30369,854],{"class":387},[84,30371,30372],{"class":102},"})\n",[84,30374,30375,30377,30379,30381],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,30376,116],{"class":98},[84,30378,103],{"class":102},[84,30380,17189],{"class":121},[84,30382,110],{"class":102},[84,30384,30385],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,30386,30387],{"class":128},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[24,30389,153,30390,30392],{},[15,30391,14837],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[70,30394,429,30396,3554],{"id":30395},"what-update-does",[15,30397,14837],{},[24,30399,30400,30402],{},[15,30401,14837],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[24,30404,30405],{},"It can do two main things:",[33,30407,30408,30411],{},[36,30409,30410],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[36,30412,30413],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[24,30415,30416],{},"Important things to know:",[33,30418,30419,30422,30425,30429],{},[36,30420,30421],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[36,30423,30424],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[36,30426,5022,30427],{},[15,30428,3653],{},[36,30430,30431],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[24,30433,190],{},[75,30435,30437],{"className":77,"code":30436,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30438,30439,30481,30524],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30440,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30477,30479],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30442,12746],{"class":90},[84,30444,95],{"class":94},[84,30446,10371],{"class":102},[84,30448,854],{"class":387},[84,30450,7544],{"class":391},[84,30452,854],{"class":387},[84,30454,881],{"class":102},[84,30456,3230],{"class":387},[84,30458,30459],{"class":391},"Mira",[84,30461,854],{"class":387},[84,30463,282],{"class":102},[84,30465,3230],{"class":387},[84,30467,19775],{"class":391},[84,30469,854],{"class":387},[84,30471,881],{"class":102},[84,30473,3230],{"class":387},[84,30475,30476],{"class":391},"B",[84,30478,854],{"class":387},[84,30480,9188],{"class":102},[84,30482,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30520,30522],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,30484,13509],{"class":90},[84,30486,425],{"class":102},[84,30488,30340],{"class":121},[84,30490,5403],{"class":102},[84,30492,854],{"class":387},[84,30494,19775],{"class":391},[84,30496,854],{"class":387},[84,30498,881],{"class":102},[84,30500,3230],{"class":387},[84,30502,22126],{"class":391},[84,30504,854],{"class":387},[84,30506,282],{"class":102},[84,30508,3230],{"class":387},[84,30510,10289],{"class":391},[84,30512,854],{"class":387},[84,30514,881],{"class":102},[84,30516,3230],{"class":387},[84,30518,30519],{"class":391},"Quito",[84,30521,854],{"class":387},[84,30523,30372],{"class":102},[84,30525,30526,30528,30530,30532],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,30527,116],{"class":98},[84,30529,103],{"class":102},[84,30531,13509],{"class":121},[84,30533,110],{"class":102},[24,30535,265],{},[75,30537,30539],{"className":77,"code":30538,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30540,30541],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30542,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30544,9157],{"class":102},[84,30546,394],{"class":387},[84,30548,7544],{"class":391},[84,30550,394],{"class":387},[84,30552,881],{"class":102},[84,30554,388],{"class":387},[84,30556,30459],{"class":391},[84,30558,394],{"class":387},[84,30560,282],{"class":102},[84,30562,388],{"class":387},[84,30564,19775],{"class":391},[84,30566,394],{"class":387},[84,30568,881],{"class":102},[84,30570,388],{"class":387},[84,30572,22126],{"class":391},[84,30574,394],{"class":387},[84,30576,282],{"class":102},[84,30578,388],{"class":387},[84,30580,10289],{"class":391},[84,30582,394],{"class":387},[84,30584,881],{"class":102},[84,30586,388],{"class":387},[84,30588,30519],{"class":391},[84,30590,394],{"class":387},[84,30592,9188],{"class":102},[24,30594,9030,30595,425],{},[419,30596,24507],{"href":9270},[70,30598,2038],{"id":2037},[24,30600,30601],{},"The basic form is:",[75,30603,30605],{"className":77,"code":30604,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30606,30607],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30608,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30620],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30610,15486],{"class":90},[84,30612,425],{"class":102},[84,30614,30340],{"class":121},[84,30616,103],{"class":102},[84,30618,30619],{"class":121},"other",[84,30621,110],{"class":102},[24,30623,30624,30626],{},[15,30625,30619],{}," can be:",[33,30628,30629,30632,30635],{},[36,30630,30631],{},"Another dictionary",[36,30633,30634],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[36,30636,30637],{},"Keyword arguments",[24,30639,30640],{},"You can also use:",[75,30642,30644],{"className":77,"code":30643,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30645,30646],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30647,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30649,15486],{"class":90},[84,30651,425],{"class":102},[84,30653,30340],{"class":121},[84,30655,103],{"class":102},[84,30657,7544],{"class":9054},[84,30659,95],{"class":94},[84,30661,854],{"class":387},[84,30663,7553],{"class":391},[84,30665,854],{"class":387},[84,30667,110],{"class":102},[24,30669,30670],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[24,30672,190],{},[75,30674,30676],{"className":77,"code":30675,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30677,30678,30698,30720],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30679,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30681,9044],{"class":90},[84,30683,95],{"class":94},[84,30685,10371],{"class":102},[84,30687,854],{"class":387},[84,30689,419],{"class":391},[84,30691,854],{"class":387},[84,30693,881],{"class":102},[84,30695,299],{"class":106},[84,30697,9188],{"class":102},[84,30699,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,30701,9083],{"class":90},[84,30703,425],{"class":102},[84,30705,30340],{"class":121},[84,30707,5403],{"class":102},[84,30709,854],{"class":387},[84,30711,419],{"class":391},[84,30713,854],{"class":387},[84,30715,881],{"class":102},[84,30717,573],{"class":106},[84,30719,30372],{"class":102},[84,30721,30722,30724,30726,30728],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,30723,116],{"class":98},[84,30725,103],{"class":102},[84,30727,9083],{"class":121},[84,30729,110],{"class":102},[24,30731,265],{},[75,30733,30735],{"className":77,"code":30734,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30736,30737],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30738,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30740,9157],{"class":102},[84,30742,394],{"class":387},[84,30744,419],{"class":391},[84,30746,394],{"class":387},[84,30748,881],{"class":102},[84,30750,573],{"class":106},[84,30752,9188],{"class":102},[70,30754,1442,30756,30758],{"id":30755},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30757,14837],{}," with another dictionary",[24,30760,30761,30762,425],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30763,14837],{},[24,30765,30766],{},"It is useful when:",[33,30768,30769,30772,30775],{},[36,30770,30771],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[36,30773,30774],{},"Adding extra settings",[36,30776,30777],{},"Updating stored data",[24,30779,190],{},[75,30781,30783],{"className":77,"code":30782,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30784,30785,30822,30859,30863,30878],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30786,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30820],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30788,13709],{"class":90},[84,30790,95],{"class":94},[84,30792,10371],{"class":102},[84,30794,854],{"class":387},[84,30796,12376],{"class":391},[84,30798,854],{"class":387},[84,30800,881],{"class":102},[84,30802,3230],{"class":387},[84,30804,20811],{"class":391},[84,30806,854],{"class":387},[84,30808,282],{"class":102},[84,30810,3230],{"class":387},[84,30812,13734],{"class":391},[84,30814,854],{"class":387},[84,30816,881],{"class":102},[84,30818,30819],{"class":106}," 12",[84,30821,9188],{"class":102},[84,30823,30824,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,30825,30826],{"class":90},"new_settings ",[84,30828,95],{"class":94},[84,30830,10371],{"class":102},[84,30832,854],{"class":387},[84,30834,13734],{"class":391},[84,30836,854],{"class":387},[84,30838,881],{"class":102},[84,30840,13741],{"class":106},[84,30842,282],{"class":102},[84,30844,3230],{"class":387},[84,30846,20007],{"class":391},[84,30848,854],{"class":387},[84,30850,881],{"class":102},[84,30852,3230],{"class":387},[84,30854,20041],{"class":391},[84,30856,854],{"class":387},[84,30858,9188],{"class":102},[84,30860,30861],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,30862,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,30864,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30876],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,30866,13768],{"class":90},[84,30868,425],{"class":102},[84,30870,30340],{"class":121},[84,30872,103],{"class":102},[84,30874,30875],{"class":121},"new_settings",[84,30877,110],{"class":102},[84,30879,30880,30882,30884,30886],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,30881,116],{"class":98},[84,30883,103],{"class":102},[84,30885,13768],{"class":121},[84,30887,110],{"class":102},[24,30889,265],{},[75,30891,30893],{"className":77,"code":30892,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30894,30895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30896,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30898,9157],{"class":102},[84,30900,394],{"class":387},[84,30902,12376],{"class":391},[84,30904,394],{"class":387},[84,30906,881],{"class":102},[84,30908,388],{"class":387},[84,30910,20811],{"class":391},[84,30912,394],{"class":387},[84,30914,282],{"class":102},[84,30916,388],{"class":387},[84,30918,13734],{"class":391},[84,30920,394],{"class":387},[84,30922,881],{"class":102},[84,30924,13741],{"class":106},[84,30926,282],{"class":102},[84,30928,388],{"class":387},[84,30930,20007],{"class":391},[84,30932,394],{"class":387},[84,30934,881],{"class":102},[84,30936,388],{"class":387},[84,30938,20041],{"class":391},[84,30940,394],{"class":387},[84,30942,9188],{"class":102},[24,30944,13293],{},[33,30946,30947,30952],{},[36,30948,30949,30951],{},[15,30950,13734],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[36,30953,30954,30956],{},[15,30955,20007],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[24,30958,30959,30960,425],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[419,30961,30963],{"href":30962},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[70,30965,1442,30967,30969],{"id":30966},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30968,14837],{}," with key-value pairs",[24,30971,30972,30974],{},[15,30973,14837],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[24,30976,30977],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[75,30979,30981],{"className":77,"code":30980,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30982,30983,31003,31038,31042,31056],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30984,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30986,4937],{"class":90},[84,30988,95],{"class":94},[84,30990,10371],{"class":102},[84,30992,854],{"class":387},[84,30994,18300],{"class":391},[84,30996,854],{"class":387},[84,30998,881],{"class":102},[84,31000,19782],{"class":106},[84,31002,9188],{"class":102},[84,31004,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31030,31032,31034,31036],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31006,9094],{"class":90},[84,31008,95],{"class":94},[84,31010,9099],{"class":102},[84,31012,854],{"class":387},[84,31014,18309],{"class":391},[84,31016,854],{"class":387},[84,31018,282],{"class":102},[84,31020,13391],{"class":106},[84,31022,9112],{"class":102},[84,31024,9115],{"class":102},[84,31026,854],{"class":387},[84,31028,31029],{"class":391},"english",[84,31031,854],{"class":387},[84,31033,282],{"class":102},[84,31035,28797],{"class":106},[84,31037,9128],{"class":102},[84,31039,31040],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31041,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,31043,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,31045,16271],{"class":90},[84,31047,425],{"class":102},[84,31049,30340],{"class":121},[84,31051,103],{"class":102},[84,31053,9141],{"class":121},[84,31055,110],{"class":102},[84,31057,31058,31060,31062,31064],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,31059,116],{"class":98},[84,31061,103],{"class":102},[84,31063,16271],{"class":121},[84,31065,110],{"class":102},[24,31067,265],{},[75,31069,31071],{"className":77,"code":31070,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31072,31073],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31074,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31076,9157],{"class":102},[84,31078,394],{"class":387},[84,31080,18300],{"class":391},[84,31082,394],{"class":387},[84,31084,881],{"class":102},[84,31086,19782],{"class":106},[84,31088,282],{"class":102},[84,31090,388],{"class":387},[84,31092,18309],{"class":391},[84,31094,394],{"class":387},[84,31096,881],{"class":102},[84,31098,13391],{"class":106},[84,31100,282],{"class":102},[84,31102,388],{"class":387},[84,31104,31029],{"class":391},[84,31106,394],{"class":387},[84,31108,881],{"class":102},[84,31110,28797],{"class":106},[84,31112,9188],{"class":102},[24,31114,31115],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[33,31117,31118,31121],{},[36,31119,31120],{},"The key",[36,31122,31123],{},"The value",[24,31125,31126],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[24,31128,31129],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[75,31131,31133],{"className":77,"code":31132,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31134,31135,31155,31180,31184],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31136,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31138,9044],{"class":90},[84,31140,95],{"class":94},[84,31142,10371],{"class":102},[84,31144,854],{"class":387},[84,31146,419],{"class":391},[84,31148,854],{"class":387},[84,31150,881],{"class":102},[84,31152,299],{"class":106},[84,31154,9188],{"class":102},[84,31156,31157,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31158,31159],{"class":90},"bad_pairs ",[84,31161,95],{"class":94},[84,31163,9099],{"class":102},[84,31165,854],{"class":387},[84,31167,4634],{"class":391},[84,31169,854],{"class":387},[84,31171,282],{"class":102},[84,31173,304],{"class":106},[84,31175,282],{"class":102},[84,31177,309],{"class":106},[84,31179,9128],{"class":102},[84,31181,31182],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31183,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,31185,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31197],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,31187,9083],{"class":90},[84,31189,425],{"class":102},[84,31191,30340],{"class":121},[84,31193,103],{"class":102},[84,31195,31196],{"class":121},"bad_pairs",[84,31198,110],{"class":102},[24,31200,31201],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[24,31203,31204],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[70,31206,31208],{"id":31207},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[24,31210,31211],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[75,31213,31215],{"className":77,"code":31214,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31216,31217,31241,31273],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31218,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31220,11368],{"class":90},[84,31222,95],{"class":94},[84,31224,10371],{"class":102},[84,31226,854],{"class":387},[84,31228,7544],{"class":391},[84,31230,854],{"class":387},[84,31232,881],{"class":102},[84,31234,3230],{"class":387},[84,31236,28790],{"class":391},[84,31238,854],{"class":387},[84,31240,9188],{"class":102},[84,31242,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31262,31264,31266,31269,31271],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31244,11462],{"class":90},[84,31246,425],{"class":102},[84,31248,30340],{"class":121},[84,31250,103],{"class":102},[84,31252,9178],{"class":9054},[84,31254,95],{"class":94},[84,31256,9072],{"class":106},[84,31258,282],{"class":102},[84,31260,31261],{"class":9054}," city",[84,31263,95],{"class":94},[84,31265,854],{"class":387},[84,31267,31268],{"class":391},"Madrid",[84,31270,854],{"class":387},[84,31272,110],{"class":102},[84,31274,31275,31277,31279,31281],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31276,116],{"class":98},[84,31278,103],{"class":102},[84,31280,11462],{"class":121},[84,31282,110],{"class":102},[24,31284,265],{},[75,31286,31288],{"className":77,"code":31287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31289,31290],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31291,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31293,9157],{"class":102},[84,31295,394],{"class":387},[84,31297,7544],{"class":391},[84,31299,394],{"class":387},[84,31301,881],{"class":102},[84,31303,388],{"class":387},[84,31305,28790],{"class":391},[84,31307,394],{"class":387},[84,31309,282],{"class":102},[84,31311,388],{"class":387},[84,31313,9178],{"class":391},[84,31315,394],{"class":387},[84,31317,881],{"class":102},[84,31319,9185],{"class":106},[84,31321,282],{"class":102},[84,31323,388],{"class":387},[84,31325,10289],{"class":391},[84,31327,394],{"class":387},[84,31329,881],{"class":102},[84,31331,388],{"class":387},[84,31333,31268],{"class":391},[84,31335,394],{"class":387},[84,31337,9188],{"class":102},[24,31339,31340],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[24,31342,31343],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[24,31345,31346],{},"These work:",[33,31348,31349,31353,31357],{},[36,31350,31351],{},[15,31352,9178],{},[36,31354,31355],{},[15,31356,10289],{},[36,31358,31359],{},[15,31360,31361],{},"first_name",[24,31363,31364],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[33,31366,31367,31372],{},[36,31368,31369],{},[15,31370,31371],{},"\"first name\"",[36,31373,31374],{},[15,31375,31376],{},"\"user-id\"",[24,31378,31379],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[75,31381,31383],{"className":77,"code":31382,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31384,31385,31393,31433],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31386,31387,31389,31391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31388,11368],{"class":90},[84,31390,95],{"class":94},[84,31392,9718],{"class":102},[84,31394,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31424,31426,31428,31431],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31396,11462],{"class":90},[84,31398,425],{"class":102},[84,31400,30340],{"class":121},[84,31402,5403],{"class":102},[84,31404,854],{"class":387},[84,31406,10393],{"class":391},[84,31408,854],{"class":387},[84,31410,881],{"class":102},[84,31412,3230],{"class":387},[84,31414,28790],{"class":391},[84,31416,854],{"class":387},[84,31418,282],{"class":102},[84,31420,3230],{"class":387},[84,31422,31423],{"class":391},"user-id",[84,31425,854],{"class":387},[84,31427,881],{"class":102},[84,31429,31430],{"class":106}," 1001",[84,31432,30372],{"class":102},[84,31434,31435,31437,31439,31441],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31436,116],{"class":98},[84,31438,103],{"class":102},[84,31440,11462],{"class":121},[84,31442,110],{"class":102},[70,31444,17301],{"id":17300},[24,31446,31447,2279,31449,425],{},[15,31448,14837],{},[15,31450,3653],{},[24,31452,13932],{},[24,31454,24587],{},[75,31456,31458],{"className":77,"code":31457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31459,31460,31484,31510,31514,31524],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31461,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31463,13088],{"class":90},[84,31465,95],{"class":94},[84,31467,10371],{"class":102},[84,31469,854],{"class":387},[84,31471,7544],{"class":391},[84,31473,854],{"class":387},[84,31475,881],{"class":102},[84,31477,3230],{"class":387},[84,31479,12763],{"class":391},[84,31481,854],{"class":387},[84,31483,9188],{"class":102},[84,31485,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31487,2110],{"class":90},[84,31489,95],{"class":94},[84,31491,13131],{"class":90},[84,31493,425],{"class":102},[84,31495,30340],{"class":121},[84,31497,5403],{"class":102},[84,31499,854],{"class":387},[84,31501,9178],{"class":391},[84,31503,854],{"class":387},[84,31505,881],{"class":102},[84,31507,7667],{"class":106},[84,31509,30372],{"class":102},[84,31511,31512],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31513,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,31515,31516,31518,31520,31522],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,31517,116],{"class":98},[84,31519,103],{"class":102},[84,31521,2145],{"class":121},[84,31523,110],{"class":102},[84,31525,31526,31528,31530,31532],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,31527,116],{"class":98},[84,31529,103],{"class":102},[84,31531,17189],{"class":121},[84,31533,110],{"class":102},[24,31535,265],{},[75,31537,31539],{"className":77,"code":31538,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31540,31541,31545],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31542,31543],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31544,11689],{"class":659},[84,31546,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31548,9157],{"class":102},[84,31550,394],{"class":387},[84,31552,7544],{"class":391},[84,31554,394],{"class":387},[84,31556,881],{"class":102},[84,31558,388],{"class":387},[84,31560,12763],{"class":391},[84,31562,394],{"class":387},[84,31564,282],{"class":102},[84,31566,388],{"class":387},[84,31568,9178],{"class":391},[84,31570,394],{"class":387},[84,31572,881],{"class":102},[84,31574,7667],{"class":106},[84,31576,9188],{"class":102},[24,31578,16538],{},[75,31580,31582],{"className":77,"code":31581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31583,31584,31608,31630,31634],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31585,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31587,13088],{"class":90},[84,31589,95],{"class":94},[84,31591,10371],{"class":102},[84,31593,854],{"class":387},[84,31595,7544],{"class":391},[84,31597,854],{"class":387},[84,31599,881],{"class":102},[84,31601,3230],{"class":387},[84,31603,12763],{"class":391},[84,31605,854],{"class":387},[84,31607,9188],{"class":102},[84,31609,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31611,17189],{"class":90},[84,31613,425],{"class":102},[84,31615,30340],{"class":121},[84,31617,5403],{"class":102},[84,31619,854],{"class":387},[84,31621,9178],{"class":391},[84,31623,854],{"class":387},[84,31625,881],{"class":102},[84,31627,7667],{"class":106},[84,31629,30372],{"class":102},[84,31631,31632],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31633,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,31635,31636,31638,31640,31642],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,31637,116],{"class":98},[84,31639,103],{"class":102},[84,31641,17189],{"class":121},[84,31643,110],{"class":102},[24,31645,265],{},[75,31647,31649],{"className":77,"code":31648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31650,31651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31652,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31654,9157],{"class":102},[84,31656,394],{"class":387},[84,31658,7544],{"class":391},[84,31660,394],{"class":387},[84,31662,881],{"class":102},[84,31664,388],{"class":387},[84,31666,12763],{"class":391},[84,31668,394],{"class":387},[84,31670,282],{"class":102},[84,31672,388],{"class":387},[84,31674,9178],{"class":391},[84,31676,394],{"class":387},[84,31678,881],{"class":102},[84,31680,7667],{"class":106},[84,31682,9188],{"class":102},[24,31684,31685,31686,425],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[419,31687,17787],{"href":10610},[70,31689,792,31691],{"id":31690},"when-to-use-update",[15,31692,14837],{},[24,31694,153,31695,799],{},[15,31696,14837],{},[33,31698,31699,31702,31705,31708],{},[36,31700,31701],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[36,31703,31704],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[36,31706,31707],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[36,31709,31710],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[24,31712,31713],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[75,31715,31717],{"className":77,"code":31716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31718,31719,31755,31770,31774,31813,31817,31827],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31720,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31722,11967],{"class":90},[84,31724,95],{"class":94},[84,31726,10371],{"class":102},[84,31728,854],{"class":387},[84,31730,7544],{"class":391},[84,31732,854],{"class":387},[84,31734,881],{"class":102},[84,31736,3230],{"class":387},[84,31738,12763],{"class":391},[84,31740,854],{"class":387},[84,31742,282],{"class":102},[84,31744,3230],{"class":387},[84,31746,9178],{"class":391},[84,31748,854],{"class":387},[84,31750,881],{"class":102},[84,31752,7667],{"class":106},[84,31754,9188],{"class":102},[84,31756,31757,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31758,31759],{"class":90},"updated ",[84,31761,95],{"class":94},[84,31763,12042],{"class":90},[84,31765,425],{"class":102},[84,31767,12794],{"class":121},[84,31769,8520],{"class":102},[84,31771,31772],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31773,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,31775,31776,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,31777,31778],{"class":90},"updated",[84,31780,425],{"class":102},[84,31782,30340],{"class":121},[84,31784,5403],{"class":102},[84,31786,854],{"class":387},[84,31788,9178],{"class":391},[84,31790,854],{"class":387},[84,31792,881],{"class":102},[84,31794,30353],{"class":106},[84,31796,282],{"class":102},[84,31798,3230],{"class":387},[84,31800,10289],{"class":391},[84,31802,854],{"class":387},[84,31804,881],{"class":102},[84,31806,3230],{"class":387},[84,31808,15913],{"class":391},[84,31810,854],{"class":387},[84,31812,30372],{"class":102},[84,31814,31815],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,31816,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,31818,31819,31821,31823,31825],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,31820,116],{"class":98},[84,31822,103],{"class":102},[84,31824,12014],{"class":121},[84,31826,110],{"class":102},[84,31828,31829,31831,31833,31835],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,31830,116],{"class":98},[84,31832,103],{"class":102},[84,31834,31778],{"class":121},[84,31836,110],{"class":102},[24,31838,265],{},[75,31840,31842],{"className":77,"code":31841,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31843,31844,31876],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31845,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31847,9157],{"class":102},[84,31849,394],{"class":387},[84,31851,7544],{"class":391},[84,31853,394],{"class":387},[84,31855,881],{"class":102},[84,31857,388],{"class":387},[84,31859,12763],{"class":391},[84,31861,394],{"class":387},[84,31863,282],{"class":102},[84,31865,388],{"class":387},[84,31867,9178],{"class":391},[84,31869,394],{"class":387},[84,31871,881],{"class":102},[84,31873,7667],{"class":106},[84,31875,9188],{"class":102},[84,31877,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31879,9157],{"class":102},[84,31881,394],{"class":387},[84,31883,7544],{"class":391},[84,31885,394],{"class":387},[84,31887,881],{"class":102},[84,31889,388],{"class":387},[84,31891,12763],{"class":391},[84,31893,394],{"class":387},[84,31895,282],{"class":102},[84,31897,388],{"class":387},[84,31899,9178],{"class":391},[84,31901,394],{"class":387},[84,31903,881],{"class":102},[84,31905,30353],{"class":106},[84,31907,282],{"class":102},[84,31909,388],{"class":387},[84,31911,10289],{"class":391},[84,31913,394],{"class":387},[84,31915,881],{"class":102},[84,31917,388],{"class":387},[84,31919,15913],{"class":391},[84,31921,394],{"class":387},[84,31923,9188],{"class":102},[24,31925,31926,31927,425],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[419,31928,16480],{"href":16479},[70,31930,1434],{"id":1433},[24,31932,10627,31933,881],{},[15,31934,14837],{},[33,31936,31937,31944,31948,31951,31954],{},[36,31938,12476,31939,31941,31942],{},[15,31940,14837],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31943,3653],{},[36,31945,8329,31946,12484],{},[15,31947,14837],{},[36,31949,31950],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[36,31952,31953],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[36,31955,31956],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[24,31958,31959],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[75,31961,31963],{"className":77,"code":31962,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31964,31965,31975,31989,32003,32025],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31966,31967,31969,31971,31973],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31968,116],{"class":98},[84,31970,103],{"class":102},[84,31972,11329],{"class":121},[84,31974,110],{"class":102},[84,31976,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,31978,116],{"class":98},[84,31980,103],{"class":102},[84,31982,334],{"class":139},[84,31984,103],{"class":102},[84,31986,9083],{"class":121},[84,31988,232],{"class":102},[84,31990,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,31992,116],{"class":98},[84,31994,103],{"class":102},[84,31996,140],{"class":139},[84,31998,103],{"class":102},[84,32000,9083],{"class":121},[84,32002,232],{"class":102},[84,32004,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,32006,116],{"class":98},[84,32008,103],{"class":102},[84,32010,11329],{"class":121},[84,32012,425],{"class":102},[84,32014,19634],{"class":121},[84,32016,103],{"class":102},[84,32018,394],{"class":387},[84,32020,14725],{"class":391},[84,32022,394],{"class":387},[84,32024,232],{"class":102},[84,32026,32027,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,32028,32029],{"class":98},"help",[84,32031,103],{"class":102},[84,32033,8699],{"class":139},[84,32035,425],{"class":102},[84,32037,30340],{"class":24629},[84,32039,110],{"class":102},[24,32041,32042],{},"These can help you check:",[33,32044,32045,32048,32053,32056,32059],{},[36,32046,32047],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[36,32049,32050,32051],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32052,14837],{},[36,32054,32055],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[36,32057,32058],{},"Whether a key exists",[36,32060,32061],{},"The built-in method help text",[24,32063,32064,32065,425],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[419,32066,11141],{"href":10954},[70,32068,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,32070,12586,32072,32074],{"id":32071},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32073,14837],{}," return a new dictionary?",[24,32076,32077,32078,425],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32079,3653],{},[1667,32081,12586,32083,32085],{"id":32082},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32084,14837],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[24,32087,32088],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1667,32090,5043,32092,32094],{"id":32091},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32093,14837],{}," add new keys?",[24,32096,32097],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1667,32099,28205,32101,32103],{"id":32100},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32102,14837],{}," with a list?",[24,32105,32106,32107,425],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32108,10974],{},[1667,32110,5053,32112,32114],{"id":32111},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32113,14837],{}," and assigning one key?",[24,32116,32117,32118,32120],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32119,14837],{}," can change many keys at once.",[70,32122,1777],{"id":1776},[33,32124,32125,32129,32133,32138,32142],{},[36,32126,32127],{},[419,32128,25972],{"href":9270},[36,32130,32131],{},[419,32132,11130],{"href":10610},[36,32134,32135],{},[419,32136,32137],{"href":30962},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[36,32139,32140],{},[419,32141,21340],{"href":16479},[36,32143,32144],{},[419,32145,11141],{"href":10954},[1814,32147,32148],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":32150},[32151,32152,32154,32155,32157,32159,32160,32161,32163,32164,32176],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":30395,"depth":113,"text":32153},"What update() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":30755,"depth":113,"text":32156},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30966,"depth":113,"text":32158},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31207,"depth":113,"text":31208},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":31690,"depth":113,"text":32162},"When to use update()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":32165},[32166,32168,32170,32172,32174],{"id":32071,"depth":132,"text":32167},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32082,"depth":132,"text":32169},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32091,"depth":132,"text":32171},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32100,"depth":132,"text":32173},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32111,"depth":132,"text":32175},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30273,"description":32177},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32183,"title":32184,"body":32185,"description":34173,"extension":1845,"meta":34174,"navigation":237,"path":22775,"seo":34175,"stem":34176,"__hash__":34177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32186,"toc":34136},[32187,32192,32199,32202,32204,32303,32305,32360,32365,32370,32384,32389,32391,32406,32408,32422,32435,32440,32446,32453,32455,32562,32564,32613,32619,32694,32696,32717,32719,32722,32827,32829,32884,32886,32914,32918,32923,33002,33004,33024,33026,33037,33047,33051,33056,33160,33162,33187,33190,33201,33206,33215,33218,33235,33237,33324,33326,33389,33391,33414,33416,33421,33427,33432,33434,33473,33479,33482,33501,33512,33518,33521,33594,33596,33615,33620,33623,33646,33652,33655,33719,33722,33799,33806,33809,33868,33874,33876,33895,33899,33902,33953,33956,33976,33978,34039,34041,34046,34051,34056,34061,34066,34071,34077,34080,34089,34097,34099,34133],[10,32188,11197,32190,11201],{"id":32189},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32191,16953],{},[24,32193,32194,32195,32198],{},"The Python ",[15,32196,32197],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[24,32200,32201],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[70,32203,1887],{"id":1886},[75,32205,32207],{"className":77,"code":32206,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32208,32209,32261,32275,32279,32289],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32210,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32212,12746],{"class":90},[84,32214,95],{"class":94},[84,32216,10371],{"class":102},[84,32218,854],{"class":387},[84,32220,7544],{"class":391},[84,32222,854],{"class":387},[84,32224,881],{"class":102},[84,32226,3230],{"class":387},[84,32228,12763],{"class":391},[84,32230,854],{"class":387},[84,32232,282],{"class":102},[84,32234,3230],{"class":387},[84,32236,9178],{"class":391},[84,32238,854],{"class":387},[84,32240,881],{"class":102},[84,32242,7667],{"class":106},[84,32244,282],{"class":102},[84,32246,3230],{"class":387},[84,32248,10289],{"class":391},[84,32250,854],{"class":387},[84,32252,881],{"class":102},[84,32254,3230],{"class":387},[84,32256,15913],{"class":391},[84,32258,854],{"class":387},[84,32260,9188],{"class":102},[84,32262,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32264,3698],{"class":90},[84,32266,95],{"class":94},[84,32268,12789],{"class":90},[84,32270,425],{"class":102},[84,32272,5233],{"class":121},[84,32274,8520],{"class":102},[84,32276,32277],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,32278,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,32280,32281,32283,32285,32287],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,32282,116],{"class":98},[84,32284,103],{"class":102},[84,32286,5233],{"class":121},[84,32288,110],{"class":102},[84,32290,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,32292,116],{"class":98},[84,32294,103],{"class":102},[84,32296,140],{"class":139},[84,32298,103],{"class":102},[84,32300,5233],{"class":121},[84,32302,232],{"class":102},[24,32304,265],{},[75,32306,32308],{"className":77,"code":32307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32309,32310,32336],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32311,32312,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32313,16920],{"class":121},[84,32315,2865],{"class":102},[84,32317,394],{"class":387},[84,32319,12763],{"class":391},[84,32321,394],{"class":387},[84,32323,282],{"class":102},[84,32325,7667],{"class":106},[84,32327,282],{"class":102},[84,32329,388],{"class":387},[84,32331,15913],{"class":391},[84,32333,394],{"class":387},[84,32335,741],{"class":102},[84,32337,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32339,292],{"class":102},[84,32341,394],{"class":387},[84,32343,12763],{"class":391},[84,32345,394],{"class":387},[84,32347,282],{"class":102},[84,32349,7667],{"class":106},[84,32351,282],{"class":102},[84,32353,388],{"class":387},[84,32355,15913],{"class":391},[84,32357,394],{"class":387},[84,32359,317],{"class":102},[24,32361,32362,32364],{},[15,32363,16953],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[70,32366,429,32368,3554],{"id":32367},"what-values-does",[15,32369,16953],{},[33,32371,32372,32375,32378,32381],{},[36,32373,32374],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[36,32376,32377],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[36,32379,32380],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[36,32382,32383],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[24,32385,32386,32387,425],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[419,32388,9271],{"href":9270},[70,32390,2038],{"id":2037},[75,32392,32394],{"className":77,"code":32393,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32395,32396],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32397,32398,32400,32402,32404],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32399,11329],{"class":90},[84,32401,425],{"class":102},[84,32403,5233],{"class":121},[84,32405,8520],{"class":102},[24,32407,12935],{},[33,32409,32410,32414,32417],{},[36,32411,32412,11345],{},[15,32413,16953],{},[36,32415,32416],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[36,32418,32419,32420],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32421,16953],{},[24,32423,32424,32425,28,32430,425],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[419,32426,32427,32429],{"href":16944},[15,32428,16947],{}," for dictionary keys",[419,32431,32432,32434],{"href":16957},[15,32433,16960],{}," for key-value pairs",[70,32436,429,32438,11586],{"id":32437},"what-values-returns",[15,32439,16953],{},[24,32441,32442,173,32444,24643],{},[15,32443,16953],{},[15,32445,16920],{},[24,32447,32448,32449,32452],{},"This object is a ",[42,32450,32451],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[24,32454,190],{},[75,32456,32458],{"className":77,"code":32457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32459,32460,32496,32500,32515,32526,32530,32552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32461,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32463,13088],{"class":90},[84,32465,95],{"class":94},[84,32467,10371],{"class":102},[84,32469,854],{"class":387},[84,32471,7544],{"class":391},[84,32473,854],{"class":387},[84,32475,881],{"class":102},[84,32477,3230],{"class":387},[84,32479,7799],{"class":391},[84,32481,854],{"class":387},[84,32483,282],{"class":102},[84,32485,3230],{"class":387},[84,32487,9178],{"class":391},[84,32489,854],{"class":387},[84,32491,881],{"class":102},[84,32493,9185],{"class":106},[84,32495,9188],{"class":102},[84,32497,32498],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32499,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,32501,32502,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,32503,32504],{"class":90},"values_view ",[84,32506,95],{"class":94},[84,32508,13131],{"class":90},[84,32510,425],{"class":102},[84,32512,5233],{"class":121},[84,32514,8520],{"class":102},[84,32516,32517,32519,32521,32524],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,32518,116],{"class":98},[84,32520,103],{"class":102},[84,32522,32523],{"class":121},"values_view",[84,32525,110],{"class":102},[84,32527,32528],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,32529,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,32531,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,32533,17189],{"class":90},[84,32535,292],{"class":102},[84,32537,854],{"class":387},[84,32539,10289],{"class":391},[84,32541,854],{"class":387},[84,32543,13157],{"class":102},[84,32545,13160],{"class":94},[84,32547,3230],{"class":387},[84,32549,30519],{"class":391},[84,32551,3236],{"class":387},[84,32553,32554,32556,32558,32560],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,32555,116],{"class":98},[84,32557,103],{"class":102},[84,32559,32523],{"class":121},[84,32561,110],{"class":102},[24,32563,265],{},[75,32565,32567],{"className":77,"code":32566,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32568,32569,32587],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32570,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32572,16920],{"class":121},[84,32574,2865],{"class":102},[84,32576,394],{"class":387},[84,32578,7799],{"class":391},[84,32580,394],{"class":387},[84,32582,282],{"class":102},[84,32584,9185],{"class":106},[84,32586,741],{"class":102},[84,32588,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32590,16920],{"class":121},[84,32592,2865],{"class":102},[84,32594,394],{"class":387},[84,32596,7799],{"class":391},[84,32598,394],{"class":387},[84,32600,282],{"class":102},[84,32602,9185],{"class":106},[84,32604,282],{"class":102},[84,32606,388],{"class":387},[84,32608,30519],{"class":391},[84,32610,394],{"class":387},[84,32612,741],{"class":102},[24,32614,32615,32616,425],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32617,32618],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[75,32620,32622],{"className":77,"code":32621,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32623,32624,32660,32679,32683],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32625,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32627,13088],{"class":90},[84,32629,95],{"class":94},[84,32631,10371],{"class":102},[84,32633,854],{"class":387},[84,32635,7544],{"class":391},[84,32637,854],{"class":387},[84,32639,881],{"class":102},[84,32641,3230],{"class":387},[84,32643,7799],{"class":391},[84,32645,854],{"class":387},[84,32647,282],{"class":102},[84,32649,3230],{"class":387},[84,32651,9178],{"class":391},[84,32653,854],{"class":387},[84,32655,881],{"class":102},[84,32657,9185],{"class":106},[84,32659,9188],{"class":102},[84,32661,32662,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32663,32664],{"class":90},"values_list ",[84,32666,95],{"class":94},[84,32668,220],{"class":139},[84,32670,103],{"class":102},[84,32672,17189],{"class":121},[84,32674,425],{"class":102},[84,32676,5233],{"class":121},[84,32678,7069],{"class":102},[84,32680,32681],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,32682,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,32684,32685,32687,32689,32692],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,32686,116],{"class":98},[84,32688,103],{"class":102},[84,32690,32691],{"class":121},"values_list",[84,32693,110],{"class":102},[24,32695,265],{},[75,32697,32699],{"className":77,"code":32698,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32700,32701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32702,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32704,292],{"class":102},[84,32706,394],{"class":387},[84,32708,7799],{"class":391},[84,32710,394],{"class":387},[84,32712,282],{"class":102},[84,32714,9185],{"class":106},[84,32716,317],{"class":102},[70,32718,11355],{"id":11354},[24,32720,32721],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[75,32723,32725],{"className":77,"code":32724,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32726,32727,32781,32785,32799,32803,32813],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32728,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32762,32764,32766,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32730,24674],{"class":90},[84,32732,95],{"class":94},[84,32734,10371],{"class":102},[84,32736,854],{"class":387},[84,32738,24683],{"class":391},[84,32740,854],{"class":387},[84,32742,881],{"class":102},[84,32744,3230],{"class":387},[84,32746,24692],{"class":391},[84,32748,854],{"class":387},[84,32750,282],{"class":102},[84,32752,3230],{"class":387},[84,32754,24701],{"class":391},[84,32756,854],{"class":387},[84,32758,881],{"class":102},[84,32760,32761],{"class":106}," 2022",[84,32763,282],{"class":102},[84,32765,3230],{"class":387},[84,32767,32768],{"class":391},"color",[84,32770,854],{"class":387},[84,32772,881],{"class":102},[84,32774,3230],{"class":387},[84,32776,12993],{"class":391},[84,32778,854],{"class":387},[84,32780,9188],{"class":102},[84,32782,32783],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32784,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,32786,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,32788,2110],{"class":90},[84,32790,95],{"class":94},[84,32792,24723],{"class":90},[84,32794,425],{"class":102},[84,32796,5233],{"class":121},[84,32798,8520],{"class":102},[84,32800,32801],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,32802,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,32804,32805,32807,32809,32811],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,32806,116],{"class":98},[84,32808,103],{"class":102},[84,32810,2145],{"class":121},[84,32812,110],{"class":102},[84,32814,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,32816,116],{"class":98},[84,32818,103],{"class":102},[84,32820,140],{"class":139},[84,32822,103],{"class":102},[84,32824,2145],{"class":121},[84,32826,232],{"class":102},[24,32828,265],{},[75,32830,32832],{"className":77,"code":32831,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32833,32834,32860],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32835,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32837,16920],{"class":121},[84,32839,2865],{"class":102},[84,32841,394],{"class":387},[84,32843,24692],{"class":391},[84,32845,394],{"class":387},[84,32847,282],{"class":102},[84,32849,32761],{"class":106},[84,32851,282],{"class":102},[84,32853,388],{"class":387},[84,32855,12993],{"class":391},[84,32857,394],{"class":387},[84,32859,741],{"class":102},[84,32861,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32863,292],{"class":102},[84,32865,394],{"class":387},[84,32867,24692],{"class":391},[84,32869,394],{"class":387},[84,32871,282],{"class":102},[84,32873,32761],{"class":106},[84,32875,282],{"class":102},[84,32877,388],{"class":387},[84,32879,12993],{"class":391},[84,32881,394],{"class":387},[84,32883,317],{"class":102},[24,32885,11564],{},[33,32887,32888,32894,32900,32908],{},[36,32889,32890,32893],{},[15,32891,32892],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[36,32895,32896,32899],{},[15,32897,32898],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[36,32901,32902,32905,32906,1247],{},[15,32903,32904],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32907,16920],{},[36,32909,32910,32913],{},[15,32911,32912],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[70,32915,32917],{"id":32916},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[24,32919,32920,32921,25941],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32922,440],{},[75,32924,32926],{"className":77,"code":32925,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32927,32928,32972,32976,32992],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32929,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32931,4937],{"class":90},[84,32933,95],{"class":94},[84,32935,10371],{"class":102},[84,32937,854],{"class":387},[84,32939,18300],{"class":391},[84,32941,854],{"class":387},[84,32943,881],{"class":102},[84,32945,19782],{"class":106},[84,32947,282],{"class":102},[84,32949,3230],{"class":387},[84,32951,31029],{"class":391},[84,32953,854],{"class":387},[84,32955,881],{"class":102},[84,32957,13391],{"class":106},[84,32959,282],{"class":102},[84,32961,3230],{"class":387},[84,32963,18309],{"class":391},[84,32965,854],{"class":387},[84,32967,881],{"class":102},[84,32969,28797],{"class":106},[84,32971,9188],{"class":102},[84,32973,32974],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,32975,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,32977,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,32979,440],{"class":470},[84,32981,21467],{"class":90},[84,32983,476],{"class":470},[84,32985,4984],{"class":90},[84,32987,425],{"class":102},[84,32989,5233],{"class":121},[84,32991,21478],{"class":102},[84,32993,32994,32996,32998,33000],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,32995,490],{"class":98},[84,32997,103],{"class":102},[84,32999,2354],{"class":121},[84,33001,110],{"class":102},[24,33003,265],{},[75,33005,33007],{"className":77,"code":33006,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33008,33009,33014,33019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33010,33011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33012,33013],{"class":106},"90\n",[84,33015,33016],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33017,33018],{"class":106},"85\n",[84,33020,33021],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33022,33023],{"class":106},"88\n",[24,33025,17593],{},[33,33027,33028,33031,33034],{},[36,33029,33030],{},"You only need the values",[36,33032,33033],{},"You do not care about the keys",[36,33035,33036],{},"You want simpler code",[24,33038,33039,33040,2759,33044,425],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[419,33041,10616,33042,10620],{"href":16957},[15,33043,16960],{},[419,33045,22356],{"href":33046},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[70,33048,33050],{"id":33049},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[24,33052,153,33053,33055],{},[15,33054,32618],{}," when you need a list.",[75,33057,33059],{"className":77,"code":33058,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33060,33061,33107,33111,33131,33135,33146],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33062,33063,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33099,33101,33103,33105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33064,33065],{"class":90},"fruit_prices ",[84,33067,95],{"class":94},[84,33069,10371],{"class":102},[84,33071,854],{"class":387},[84,33073,3952],{"class":391},[84,33075,854],{"class":387},[84,33077,881],{"class":102},[84,33079,304],{"class":106},[84,33081,282],{"class":102},[84,33083,3230],{"class":387},[84,33085,3961],{"class":391},[84,33087,854],{"class":387},[84,33089,881],{"class":102},[84,33091,299],{"class":106},[84,33093,282],{"class":102},[84,33095,3230],{"class":387},[84,33097,33098],{"class":391},"orange",[84,33100,854],{"class":387},[84,33102,881],{"class":102},[84,33104,309],{"class":106},[84,33106,9188],{"class":102},[84,33108,33109],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33110,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,33112,33113,33116,33118,33120,33122,33125,33127,33129],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33114,33115],{"class":90},"price_list ",[84,33117,95],{"class":94},[84,33119,220],{"class":139},[84,33121,103],{"class":102},[84,33123,33124],{"class":121},"fruit_prices",[84,33126,425],{"class":102},[84,33128,5233],{"class":121},[84,33130,7069],{"class":102},[84,33132,33133],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,33134,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,33136,33137,33139,33141,33144],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,33138,116],{"class":98},[84,33140,103],{"class":102},[84,33142,33143],{"class":121},"price_list",[84,33145,110],{"class":102},[84,33147,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,33149,116],{"class":98},[84,33151,103],{"class":102},[84,33153,33143],{"class":121},[84,33155,292],{"class":102},[84,33157,279],{"class":106},[84,33159,741],{"class":102},[24,33161,265],{},[75,33163,33165],{"className":77,"code":33164,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33166,33167,33183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33168,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179,33181],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33170,292],{"class":102},[84,33172,568],{"class":106},[84,33174,282],{"class":102},[84,33176,299],{"class":106},[84,33178,282],{"class":102},[84,33180,309],{"class":106},[84,33182,317],{"class":102},[84,33184,33185],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33186,519],{"class":106},[24,33188,33189],{},"This is helpful for:",[33,33191,33192,33195,33198],{},[36,33193,33194],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[36,33196,33197],{},"Accessing values by index",[36,33199,33200],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[24,33202,3798,33203,33205],{},[15,33204,16920],{}," is not the same as a list.",[70,33207,33209,18,33211,18,33213],{"id":33208},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33210,16953],{},[15,33212,16947],{},[15,33214,16960],{},[24,33216,33217],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[33,33219,33220,33225,33230],{},[36,33221,33222,33224],{},[15,33223,16953],{}," returns only the values",[36,33226,33227,33229],{},[15,33228,16947],{}," returns only the keys",[36,33231,33232,33234],{},[15,33233,16960],{}," returns key-value pairs",[24,33236,2006],{},[75,33238,33240],{"className":77,"code":33239,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33241,33242,33278,33282,33296,33310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33243,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33245,12746],{"class":90},[84,33247,95],{"class":94},[84,33249,10371],{"class":102},[84,33251,854],{"class":387},[84,33253,7544],{"class":391},[84,33255,854],{"class":387},[84,33257,881],{"class":102},[84,33259,3230],{"class":387},[84,33261,12763],{"class":391},[84,33263,854],{"class":387},[84,33265,282],{"class":102},[84,33267,3230],{"class":387},[84,33269,9178],{"class":391},[84,33271,854],{"class":387},[84,33273,881],{"class":102},[84,33275,7667],{"class":106},[84,33277,9188],{"class":102},[84,33279,33280],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33281,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,33283,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33285,116],{"class":98},[84,33287,103],{"class":102},[84,33289,13509],{"class":121},[84,33291,425],{"class":102},[84,33293,16806],{"class":121},[84,33295,7069],{"class":102},[84,33297,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,33299,116],{"class":98},[84,33301,103],{"class":102},[84,33303,13509],{"class":121},[84,33305,425],{"class":102},[84,33307,5233],{"class":121},[84,33309,7069],{"class":102},[84,33311,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,33313,116],{"class":98},[84,33315,103],{"class":102},[84,33317,13509],{"class":121},[84,33319,425],{"class":102},[84,33321,7687],{"class":121},[84,33323,7069],{"class":102},[24,33325,265],{},[75,33327,33329],{"className":77,"code":33328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33330,33331,33353,33371],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33332,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33334,16897],{"class":121},[84,33336,2865],{"class":102},[84,33338,394],{"class":387},[84,33340,7544],{"class":391},[84,33342,394],{"class":387},[84,33344,282],{"class":102},[84,33346,388],{"class":387},[84,33348,9178],{"class":391},[84,33350,394],{"class":387},[84,33352,741],{"class":102},[84,33354,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33356,16920],{"class":121},[84,33358,2865],{"class":102},[84,33360,394],{"class":387},[84,33362,12763],{"class":391},[84,33364,394],{"class":387},[84,33366,282],{"class":102},[84,33368,7667],{"class":106},[84,33370,741],{"class":102},[84,33372,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33374,21791],{"class":121},[84,33376,9537],{"class":102},[84,33378,394],{"class":387},[84,33380,7544],{"class":391},[84,33382,394],{"class":387},[84,33384,282],{"class":102},[84,33386,7667],{"class":106},[84,33388,10558],{"class":102},[24,33390,18578],{},[33,33392,33393,33400,33407],{},[36,33394,33395,33399],{},[419,33396,33397],{"href":16944},[15,33398,16947],{}," when you need just the keys",[36,33401,33402,33406],{},[419,33403,33404],{"href":16950},[15,33405,16953],{}," when you need just the values",[36,33408,33409,33413],{},[419,33410,33411],{"href":16957},[15,33412,16960],{}," when you need both",[70,33415,4393],{"id":4392},[24,33417,33418,33419,425],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33420,16953],{},[1667,33422,29526,33424,33426],{"id":33423},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33425,16953],{}," on the wrong type",[24,33428,33429,33431],{},[15,33430,16953],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[24,33433,16526],{},[75,33435,33437],{"className":77,"code":33436,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33438,33439,33459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33440,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33442,8185],{"class":90},[84,33444,95],{"class":94},[84,33446,3498],{"class":102},[84,33448,838],{"class":106},[84,33450,282],{"class":102},[84,33452,304],{"class":106},[84,33454,282],{"class":102},[84,33456,309],{"class":106},[84,33458,317],{"class":102},[84,33460,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33462,116],{"class":98},[84,33464,103],{"class":102},[84,33466,8216],{"class":121},[84,33468,425],{"class":102},[84,33470,5233],{"class":121},[84,33472,7069],{"class":102},[24,33474,33475,33476,33478],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33477,16953],{}," method.",[24,33480,33481],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[75,33483,33485],{"className":77,"code":33484,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33486,33487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33488,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33490,116],{"class":98},[84,33492,103],{"class":102},[84,33494,334],{"class":139},[84,33496,103],{"class":102},[84,33498,8216],{"class":121},[84,33500,232],{"class":102},[24,33502,33503,33504,33506,33507,425],{},"If you get an ",[15,33505,1236],{},", see ",[419,33508,1278,33509,33511],{"href":25556},[15,33510,25559],{}," errors",[1667,33513,4454,33515,33517],{"id":33514},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33516,16953],{}," returns a list",[24,33519,33520],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[75,33522,33524],{"className":77,"code":33523,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33525,33526,33562,33576,33580],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33527,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33529,12746],{"class":90},[84,33531,95],{"class":94},[84,33533,10371],{"class":102},[84,33535,854],{"class":387},[84,33537,7544],{"class":391},[84,33539,854],{"class":387},[84,33541,881],{"class":102},[84,33543,3230],{"class":387},[84,33545,12763],{"class":391},[84,33547,854],{"class":387},[84,33549,282],{"class":102},[84,33551,3230],{"class":387},[84,33553,9178],{"class":391},[84,33555,854],{"class":387},[84,33557,881],{"class":102},[84,33559,7667],{"class":106},[84,33561,9188],{"class":102},[84,33563,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33565,3698],{"class":90},[84,33567,95],{"class":94},[84,33569,12789],{"class":90},[84,33571,425],{"class":102},[84,33573,5233],{"class":121},[84,33575,8520],{"class":102},[84,33577,33578],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33579,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,33581,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,33583,116],{"class":98},[84,33585,103],{"class":102},[84,33587,334],{"class":139},[84,33589,103],{"class":102},[84,33591,5233],{"class":121},[84,33593,232],{"class":102},[24,33595,265],{},[75,33597,33599],{"className":77,"code":33598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33600,33601],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33602,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33604,380],{"class":94},[84,33606,384],{"class":383},[84,33608,388],{"class":387},[84,33610,16920],{"class":391},[84,33612,394],{"class":387},[84,33614,397],{"class":94},[24,33616,5022,33617,33619],{},[15,33618,16920],{},", not a list.",[24,33621,33622],{},"If you need a list:",[75,33624,33626],{"className":77,"code":33625,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33627,33628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33629,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33631,3698],{"class":90},[84,33633,95],{"class":94},[84,33635,220],{"class":139},[84,33637,103],{"class":102},[84,33639,13509],{"class":121},[84,33641,425],{"class":102},[84,33643,5233],{"class":121},[84,33645,7069],{"class":102},[1667,33647,33649,33650],{"id":33648},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33651,16920],{},[24,33653,33654],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[75,33656,33658],{"className":77,"code":33657,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33659,33660,33696,33710,33714],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33661,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33663,12746],{"class":90},[84,33665,95],{"class":94},[84,33667,10371],{"class":102},[84,33669,854],{"class":387},[84,33671,7544],{"class":391},[84,33673,854],{"class":387},[84,33675,881],{"class":102},[84,33677,3230],{"class":387},[84,33679,12763],{"class":391},[84,33681,854],{"class":387},[84,33683,282],{"class":102},[84,33685,3230],{"class":387},[84,33687,9178],{"class":391},[84,33689,854],{"class":387},[84,33691,881],{"class":102},[84,33693,7667],{"class":106},[84,33695,9188],{"class":102},[84,33697,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33699,3698],{"class":90},[84,33701,95],{"class":94},[84,33703,12789],{"class":90},[84,33705,425],{"class":102},[84,33707,5233],{"class":121},[84,33709,8520],{"class":102},[84,33711,33712],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33713,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,33715,33716],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,33717,33718],{"class":128},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[24,33720,33721],{},"Convert to a list first:",[75,33723,33725],{"className":77,"code":33724,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33726,33727,33763,33781,33785],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33728,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33730,12746],{"class":90},[84,33732,95],{"class":94},[84,33734,10371],{"class":102},[84,33736,854],{"class":387},[84,33738,7544],{"class":391},[84,33740,854],{"class":387},[84,33742,881],{"class":102},[84,33744,3230],{"class":387},[84,33746,12763],{"class":391},[84,33748,854],{"class":387},[84,33750,282],{"class":102},[84,33752,3230],{"class":387},[84,33754,9178],{"class":391},[84,33756,854],{"class":387},[84,33758,881],{"class":102},[84,33760,7667],{"class":106},[84,33762,9188],{"class":102},[84,33764,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33766,3698],{"class":90},[84,33768,95],{"class":94},[84,33770,220],{"class":139},[84,33772,103],{"class":102},[84,33774,13509],{"class":121},[84,33776,425],{"class":102},[84,33778,5233],{"class":121},[84,33780,7069],{"class":102},[84,33782,33783],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33784,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,33786,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,33788,116],{"class":98},[84,33790,103],{"class":102},[84,33792,5233],{"class":121},[84,33794,292],{"class":102},[84,33796,279],{"class":106},[84,33798,741],{"class":102},[1667,33800,1442,33802,1686,33804],{"id":33801},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33803,5233],{},[15,33805,16953],{},[24,33807,33808],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[75,33810,33812],{"className":77,"code":33811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33813,33814,33850,33854],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33815,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33817,12746],{"class":90},[84,33819,95],{"class":94},[84,33821,10371],{"class":102},[84,33823,854],{"class":387},[84,33825,7544],{"class":391},[84,33827,854],{"class":387},[84,33829,881],{"class":102},[84,33831,3230],{"class":387},[84,33833,12763],{"class":391},[84,33835,854],{"class":387},[84,33837,282],{"class":102},[84,33839,3230],{"class":387},[84,33841,9178],{"class":391},[84,33843,854],{"class":387},[84,33845,881],{"class":102},[84,33847,7667],{"class":106},[84,33849,9188],{"class":102},[84,33851,33852],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33853,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,33855,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33857,116],{"class":98},[84,33859,103],{"class":102},[84,33861,13509],{"class":121},[84,33863,425],{"class":102},[84,33865,5233],{"class":24629},[84,33867,110],{"class":102},[24,33869,33870,33873],{},[15,33871,33872],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[24,33875,18578],{},[75,33877,33879],{"className":77,"code":33878,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33880,33881],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33882,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33884,116],{"class":98},[84,33886,103],{"class":102},[84,33888,13509],{"class":121},[84,33890,425],{"class":102},[84,33892,5233],{"class":121},[84,33894,7069],{"class":102},[1667,33896,33898],{"id":33897},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[24,33900,33901],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[75,33903,33905],{"className":77,"code":33904,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33906,33907,33939],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33908,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33910,9044],{"class":90},[84,33912,95],{"class":94},[84,33914,10371],{"class":102},[84,33916,854],{"class":387},[84,33918,419],{"class":391},[84,33920,854],{"class":387},[84,33922,881],{"class":102},[84,33924,299],{"class":106},[84,33926,282],{"class":102},[84,33928,3230],{"class":387},[84,33930,4634],{"class":391},[84,33932,854],{"class":387},[84,33934,881],{"class":102},[84,33936,304],{"class":106},[84,33938,9188],{"class":102},[84,33940,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33942,116],{"class":98},[84,33944,103],{"class":102},[84,33946,9083],{"class":121},[84,33948,425],{"class":102},[84,33950,5233],{"class":121},[84,33952,7069],{"class":102},[24,33954,33955],{},"Not like this:",[75,33957,33959],{"className":77,"code":33958,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33960,33961,33966,33971],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33962,33963],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33964,33965],{"class":128},"# Wrong examples:\n",[84,33967,33968],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,33969,33970],{"class":128},"# data().values()\n",[84,33972,33973],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,33974,33975],{"class":128},"# values(data)\n",[24,33977,3216],{},[75,33979,33981],{"className":77,"code":33980,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33982,33983,33997,34007,34021],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33984,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33986,116],{"class":98},[84,33988,103],{"class":102},[84,33990,334],{"class":139},[84,33992,103],{"class":102},[84,33994,11329],{"class":121},[84,33996,232],{"class":102},[84,33998,33999,34001,34003,34005],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34000,116],{"class":98},[84,34002,103],{"class":102},[84,34004,11329],{"class":121},[84,34006,110],{"class":102},[84,34008,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,34010,116],{"class":98},[84,34012,103],{"class":102},[84,34014,11329],{"class":121},[84,34016,425],{"class":102},[84,34018,5233],{"class":121},[84,34020,7069],{"class":102},[84,34022,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,34024,116],{"class":98},[84,34026,103],{"class":102},[84,34028,140],{"class":139},[84,34030,103],{"class":102},[84,34032,11329],{"class":121},[84,34034,425],{"class":102},[84,34036,5233],{"class":121},[84,34038,6162],{"class":102},[70,34040,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,34042,5016,34044,5019],{"id":34043},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34045,32197],{},[24,34047,17304,34048,34050],{},[15,34049,16920],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1667,34052,12586,34054,23811],{"id":34053},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34055,16953],{},[24,34057,23814,34058,23818],{},[15,34059,34060],{},"list(...)",[1667,34062,25933,34064,1689],{"id":34063},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34065,32197],{},[24,34067,34068,34069,25941],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34070,440],{},[1667,34072,12586,34074,34076],{"id":34073},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34075,32197],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[24,34078,34079],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1667,34081,34083,34084,34086,34087,1689],{"id":34082},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34085,16953],{}," different from ",[15,34088,16960],{},[24,34090,34091,34093,34094,34096],{},[15,34092,16953],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34095,16960],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[70,34098,1777],{"id":1776},[33,34100,34101,34107,34113,34117,34123,34127],{},[36,34102,34103],{},[419,34104,10616,34105,10620],{"href":16944},[15,34106,16947],{},[36,34108,34109],{},[419,34110,10616,34111,10620],{"href":16957},[15,34112,16960],{},[36,34114,34115],{},[419,34116,11121],{"href":9270},[36,34118,34119],{},[419,34120,34122],{"href":34121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[36,34124,34125],{},[419,34126,23896],{"href":33046},[36,34128,34129],{},[419,34130,30223,34131],{"href":25556},[15,34132,1281],{},[1814,34134,34135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":34137},[34138,34139,34141,34142,34144,34145,34146,34147,34149,34160,34172],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":32367,"depth":113,"text":34140},"What values() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":32437,"depth":113,"text":34143},"What values() returns",{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":32916,"depth":113,"text":32917},{"id":33049,"depth":113,"text":33050},{"id":33208,"depth":113,"text":34148},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":34150},[34151,34153,34155,34157,34159],{"id":33423,"depth":132,"text":34152},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33514,"depth":132,"text":34154},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33648,"depth":132,"text":34156},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33801,"depth":132,"text":34158},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33897,"depth":132,"text":33898},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":34161},[34162,34164,34166,34168,34170],{"id":34043,"depth":132,"text":34163},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34053,"depth":132,"text":34165},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34063,"depth":132,"text":34167},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34073,"depth":132,"text":34169},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34082,"depth":132,"text":34171},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32184,"description":34173},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34179,"title":34180,"body":34181,"description":35610,"extension":1845,"meta":35611,"navigation":237,"path":35612,"seo":35613,"stem":35614,"__hash__":35615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34182,"toc":35562},[34183,34189,34194,34197,34213,34222,34224,34256,34262,34265,34360,34363,34368,34373,34376,34387,34389,34403,34409,34411,34416,34422,34425,34464,34472,34477,34480,34525,34528,34540,34546,34552,34556,34589,34592,34610,34613,34617,34656,34658,34678,34681,34693,34698,34704,34707,34761,34764,34775,34778,34789,34792,34796,34802,34804,34834,34837,34852,34855,34858,34877,34880,34896,34905,34907,34938,34944,34949,34952,34959,34990,34993,35015,35018,35021,35035,35039,35070,35085,35092,35099,35103,35111,35115,35123,35126,35175,35186,35188,35191,35197,35202,35212,35216,35219,35222,35226,35229,35231,35252,35256,35262,35273,35279,35281,35287,35310,35313,35376,35379,35407,35410,35472,35474,35479,35482,35489,35497,35504,35507,35515,35521,35523,35550,35559],[10,34184,13,34186,3456],{"id":34185},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34187,34188],{},"dir()",[24,34190,32194,34191,34193],{},[15,34192,34188],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[24,34195,34196],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[33,34198,34199,34202,34205,34210],{},[36,34200,34201],{},"learning Python",[36,34203,34204],{},"exploring a new object",[36,34206,34207,34208],{},"debugging an ",[15,34209,1236],{},[36,34211,34212],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[24,34214,34215,34216,34218,34219],{},"In short, ",[15,34217,34188],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[42,34220,34221],{},"“What can I use here?”",[70,34223,1887],{"id":1886},[75,34225,34227],{"className":77,"code":34226,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34228,34229,34241],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34230,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34232,7754],{"class":90},[84,34234,95],{"class":94},[84,34236,3230],{"class":387},[84,34238,3721],{"class":391},[84,34240,3236],{"class":387},[84,34242,34243,34245,34247,34250,34252,34254],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34244,116],{"class":98},[84,34246,103],{"class":102},[84,34248,34249],{"class":98},"dir",[84,34251,103],{"class":102},[84,34253,7544],{"class":121},[84,34255,232],{"class":102},[24,34257,153,34258,34261],{},[15,34259,34260],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[24,34263,34264],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[75,34266,34268],{"className":77,"code":34267,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34269,34270],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34271,34272,34274,34276,34279,34281,34283,34285,34288,34290,34292,34294,34297,34299,34301,34303,34306,34308,34310,34312,34315,34317,34319,34321,34324,34326,34328,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344,34347,34349,34351,34353,34356,34358],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34273,292],{"class":102},[84,34275,394],{"class":387},[84,34277,34278],{"class":391},"__add__",[84,34280,394],{"class":387},[84,34282,282],{"class":102},[84,34284,388],{"class":387},[84,34286,34287],{"class":391},"__class__",[84,34289,394],{"class":387},[84,34291,282],{"class":102},[84,34293,388],{"class":387},[84,34295,34296],{"class":391},"__contains__",[84,34298,394],{"class":387},[84,34300,282],{"class":102},[84,34302,388],{"class":387},[84,34304,34305],{"class":391},"__delattr__",[84,34307,394],{"class":387},[84,34309,282],{"class":102},[84,34311,388],{"class":387},[84,34313,34314],{"class":391},"__dir__",[84,34316,394],{"class":387},[84,34318,282],{"class":102},[84,34320,388],{"class":387},[84,34322,34323],{"class":391},"__doc__",[84,34325,394],{"class":387},[84,34327,282],{"class":102},[84,34329,34331],{"class":34330},"s_hVV"," ...",[84,34333,282],{"class":102},[84,34335,388],{"class":387},[84,34337,8517],{"class":391},[84,34339,394],{"class":387},[84,34341,282],{"class":102},[84,34343,388],{"class":387},[84,34345,34346],{"class":391},"split",[84,34348,394],{"class":387},[84,34350,282],{"class":102},[84,34352,388],{"class":387},[84,34354,34355],{"class":391},"upper",[84,34357,394],{"class":387},[84,34359,317],{"class":102},[24,34361,34362],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[70,34364,429,34366,3554],{"id":34365},"what-dir-does",[15,34367,34188],{},[24,34369,34370,34372],{},[15,34371,34188],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[24,34374,34375],{},"It usually includes:",[33,34377,34378,34381,34384],{},[36,34379,34380],{},"attributes",[36,34382,34383],{},"methods",[36,34385,34386],{},"special Python names",[24,34388,11338],{},[33,34390,34391,34397,34400],{},[36,34392,34393,34394],{},"The result is a ",[42,34395,34396],{},"list of strings",[36,34398,34399],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[36,34401,34402],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[24,34404,34405,34406,34408],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34407,34188],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[70,34410,2038],{"id":2037},[24,34412,34413,34415],{},[15,34414,34188],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1667,34417,34419,34421],{"id":34418},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34420,34188],{}," with no argument",[24,34423,34424],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[75,34426,34428],{"className":77,"code":34427,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34429,34430,34438,34450,34454],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34431,34432,34434,34436],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34433,2904],{"class":90},[84,34435,95],{"class":94},[84,34437,2468],{"class":106},[84,34439,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34441,7754],{"class":90},[84,34443,95],{"class":94},[84,34445,3230],{"class":387},[84,34447,7553],{"class":391},[84,34449,3236],{"class":387},[84,34451,34452],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,34453,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,34455,34456,34458,34460,34462],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,34457,116],{"class":98},[84,34459,103],{"class":102},[84,34461,34249],{"class":98},[84,34463,7069],{"class":102},[24,34465,34466,34467,28,34469,34471],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34468,2055],{},[15,34470,7544],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1667,34473,34475],{"id":34474},"dirobject",[15,34476,34260],{},[24,34478,34479],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[75,34481,34483],{"className":77,"code":34482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34484,34485,34503],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34486,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34488,116],{"class":98},[84,34490,103],{"class":102},[84,34492,34249],{"class":98},[84,34494,103],{"class":102},[84,34496,854],{"class":387},[84,34498,3721],{"class":391},[84,34500,854],{"class":387},[84,34502,232],{"class":102},[84,34504,34505,34507,34509,34511,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34506,116],{"class":98},[84,34508,103],{"class":102},[84,34510,34249],{"class":98},[84,34512,2865],{"class":102},[84,34514,838],{"class":106},[84,34516,282],{"class":102},[84,34518,304],{"class":106},[84,34520,282],{"class":102},[84,34522,309],{"class":106},[84,34524,2878],{"class":102},[24,34526,34527],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[33,34529,34530,34532,34534,34537],{},[36,34531,5183],{},[36,34533,5174],{},[36,34535,34536],{},"modules",[36,34538,34539],{},"custom objects",[70,34541,1442,34543,34545],{"id":34542},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34544,34188],{}," with a value",[24,34547,34548,34549,34551],{},"A common use of ",[15,34550,34188],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1667,34553,34555],{"id":34554},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[75,34557,34559],{"className":77,"code":34558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34560,34561,34574],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34562,34563,34566,34568,34570,34572],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34564,34565],{"class":90},"text ",[84,34567,95],{"class":94},[84,34569,3230],{"class":387},[84,34571,3721],{"class":391},[84,34573,3236],{"class":387},[84,34575,34576,34578,34580,34582,34584,34587],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34577,116],{"class":98},[84,34579,103],{"class":102},[84,34581,34249],{"class":98},[84,34583,103],{"class":102},[84,34585,34586],{"class":121},"text",[84,34588,232],{"class":102},[24,34590,34591],{},"You will see method names like:",[33,34593,34594,34598,34602,34606],{},[36,34595,34596],{},[15,34597,8517],{},[36,34599,34600],{},[15,34601,34355],{},[36,34603,34604],{},[15,34605,34346],{},[36,34607,34608],{},[15,34609,8511],{},[24,34611,34612],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1667,34614,34616],{"id":34615},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[75,34618,34620],{"className":77,"code":34619,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34621,34622,34642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34623,34624,34626,34628,34630,34632,34634,34636,34638,34640],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34625,91],{"class":90},[84,34627,95],{"class":94},[84,34629,3498],{"class":102},[84,34631,838],{"class":106},[84,34633,282],{"class":102},[84,34635,304],{"class":106},[84,34637,282],{"class":102},[84,34639,309],{"class":106},[84,34641,317],{"class":102},[84,34643,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652,34654],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34645,116],{"class":98},[84,34647,103],{"class":102},[84,34649,34249],{"class":98},[84,34651,103],{"class":102},[84,34653,122],{"class":121},[84,34655,232],{"class":102},[24,34657,34591],{},[33,34659,34660,34664,34668,34673],{},[36,34661,34662],{},[15,34663,998],{},[36,34665,34666],{},[15,34667,26117],{},[36,34669,34670],{},[15,34671,34672],{},"remove",[36,34674,34675],{},[15,34676,34677],{},"sort",[24,34679,34680],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[24,34682,34683,34684,34689,34690,34692],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[419,34685,34687],{"href":34686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34688,2183],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34691,34188],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[70,34694,1442,34696,34421],{"id":34695},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34697,34188],{},[24,34699,34700,34701,34703],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34702,34188],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[24,34705,34706],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[75,34708,34710],{"className":77,"code":34709,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34711,34712,34720,34724,34735,34747,34751],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34713,34714,34716,34718],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34715,2904],{"class":90},[84,34717,95],{"class":94},[84,34719,920],{"class":106},[84,34721,34722],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34723,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,34725,34726,34729,34733],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,34727,34728],{"class":383},"def",[84,34730,34732],{"class":34731},"sGLFI"," greet",[84,34734,21478],{"class":102},[84,34736,34737,34740,34742,34745],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,34738,34739],{"class":470},"    return",[84,34741,3230],{"class":387},[84,34743,34744],{"class":391},"Hello",[84,34746,3236],{"class":387},[84,34748,34749],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,34750,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,34752,34753,34755,34757,34759],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,34754,116],{"class":98},[84,34756,103],{"class":102},[84,34758,34249],{"class":98},[84,34760,7069],{"class":102},[24,34762,34763],{},"The output will include names like:",[33,34765,34766,34770],{},[36,34767,34768],{},[15,34769,2055],{},[36,34771,34772],{},[15,34773,34774],{},"greet",[24,34776,34777],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[33,34779,34780,34783,34786],{},[36,34781,34782],{},"what variables exist",[36,34784,34785],{},"what functions you have defined",[36,34787,34788],{},"what names are currently available",[24,34790,34791],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[70,34793,34795],{"id":34794},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[24,34797,34798,34799,34801],{},"When you first use ",[15,34800,34188],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[24,34803,190],{},[75,34805,34806],{"className":77,"code":34558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,34807,34808,34820],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34809,34810,34812,34814,34816,34818],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34811,34565],{"class":90},[84,34813,95],{"class":94},[84,34815,3230],{"class":387},[84,34817,3721],{"class":391},[84,34819,3236],{"class":387},[84,34821,34822,34824,34826,34828,34830,34832],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34823,116],{"class":98},[84,34825,103],{"class":102},[84,34827,34249],{"class":98},[84,34829,103],{"class":102},[84,34831,34586],{"class":121},[84,34833,232],{"class":102},[24,34835,34836],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[33,34838,34839,34843,34847],{},[36,34840,34841],{},[15,34842,34287],{},[36,34844,34845],{},[15,34846,34323],{},[36,34848,34849],{},[15,34850,34851],{},"__len__",[24,34853,34854],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[24,34856,34857],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[33,34859,34860,34864,34868,34872],{},[36,34861,34862],{},[15,34863,34355],{},[36,34865,34866],{},[15,34867,8517],{},[36,34869,34870],{},[15,34871,34346],{},[36,34873,34874],{},[15,34875,34876],{},"replace",[24,34878,34879],{},"A key point to remember:",[33,34881,34882,34890],{},[36,34883,34884,34886,34887],{},[15,34885,34188],{}," lists ",[42,34888,34889],{},"names only",[36,34891,34892,34893,34895],{},"it does ",[42,34894,1367],{}," explain what each name does",[24,34897,34898,34899,425],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[419,34900,34902],{"href":34901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34903,34904],{},"help()",[24,34906,5346],{},[75,34908,34910],{"className":77,"code":34909,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34911,34912,34924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34913,34914,34916,34918,34920,34922],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34915,7754],{"class":90},[84,34917,95],{"class":94},[84,34919,3230],{"class":387},[84,34921,3721],{"class":391},[84,34923,3236],{"class":387},[84,34925,34926,34928,34930,34932,34934,34936],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34927,32029],{"class":98},[84,34929,103],{"class":102},[84,34931,7544],{"class":121},[84,34933,425],{"class":102},[84,34935,34355],{"class":24629},[84,34937,110],{"class":102},[70,34939,34941,34943],{"id":34940},"dir-on-modules",[15,34942,34188],{}," on modules",[24,34945,15596,34946,34948],{},[15,34947,34188],{}," on modules after importing them.",[24,34950,34951],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1667,34953,34955,34956,34958],{"id":34954},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34957,18300],{}," module",[75,34960,34962],{"className":77,"code":34961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34963,34964,34972,34976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34965,34966,34969],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34967,34968],{"class":470},"import",[84,34970,34971],{"class":90}," math\n",[84,34973,34974],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,34975,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,34977,34978,34980,34982,34984,34986,34988],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,34979,116],{"class":98},[84,34981,103],{"class":102},[84,34983,34249],{"class":98},[84,34985,103],{"class":102},[84,34987,18300],{"class":121},[84,34989,232],{"class":102},[24,34991,34992],{},"You may see names like:",[33,34994,34995,35000,35005,35010],{},[36,34996,34997],{},[15,34998,34999],{},"sqrt",[36,35001,35002],{},[15,35003,35004],{},"ceil",[36,35006,35007],{},[15,35008,35009],{},"floor",[36,35011,35012],{},[15,35013,35014],{},"pi",[24,35016,35017],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[24,35019,35020],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[33,35022,35023,35029],{},[36,35024,35025],{},[419,35026,35028],{"href":35027},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[36,35030,35031],{},[419,35032,35034],{"href":35033},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1667,35036,35038],{"id":35037},"another-example","Another example",[75,35040,35042],{"className":77,"code":35041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35043,35044,35051,35055],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35045,35046,35048],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35047,34968],{"class":470},[84,35049,35050],{"class":90}," json\n",[84,35052,35053],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35054,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,35056,35057,35059,35061,35063,35065,35068],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35058,116],{"class":98},[84,35060,103],{"class":102},[84,35062,34249],{"class":98},[84,35064,103],{"class":102},[84,35066,35067],{"class":121},"json",[84,35069,232],{"class":102},[24,35071,35072,35073,1263,35076,1263,35079,16954,35082,425],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35074,35075],{},"dump",[15,35077,35078],{},"dumps",[15,35080,35081],{},"load",[15,35083,35084],{},"loads",[70,35086,35088,18,35090],{"id":35087},"dir-vs-help",[15,35089,34188],{},[15,35091,34904],{},[24,35093,35094,28,35096,35098],{},[15,35095,34188],{},[15,35097,34904],{}," are often used together.",[1667,35100,35101],{"id":34249},[15,35102,34188],{},[33,35104,35105,35108],{},[36,35106,35107],{},"shows available names",[36,35109,35110],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1667,35112,35113],{"id":32029},[15,35114,34904],{},[33,35116,35117,35120],{},[36,35118,35119],{},"explains what an object or function does",[36,35121,35122],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[24,35124,35125],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[75,35127,35129],{"className":77,"code":35128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35130,35131,35143,35147,35161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35132,35133,35135,35137,35139,35141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35134,7754],{"class":90},[84,35136,95],{"class":94},[84,35138,3230],{"class":387},[84,35140,3721],{"class":391},[84,35142,3236],{"class":387},[84,35144,35145],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35146,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,35148,35149,35151,35153,35155,35157,35159],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35150,116],{"class":98},[84,35152,103],{"class":102},[84,35154,34249],{"class":98},[84,35156,103],{"class":102},[84,35158,7544],{"class":121},[84,35160,232],{"class":102},[84,35162,35163,35165,35167,35169,35171,35173],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,35164,32029],{"class":98},[84,35166,103],{"class":102},[84,35168,7544],{"class":121},[84,35170,425],{"class":102},[84,35172,34355],{"class":24629},[84,35174,110],{"class":102},[24,35176,153,35177,35179,35180,35182,35183,35185],{},[15,35178,34188],{}," first to find a method name.",[9726,35181],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35184,34904],{}," to understand how to use it.",[70,35187,25236],{"id":25235},[24,35189,35190],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1667,35192,35194,35196],{"id":35193},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35195,34188],{}," returns names, not values",[24,35198,35199,35201],{},[15,35200,34188],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[24,35203,35204,35205,35207,35208,35211],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35206,34355],{}," in ",[15,35209,35210],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1667,35213,35215],{"id":35214},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[24,35217,35218],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[24,35220,35221],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1667,35223,35225],{"id":35224},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[24,35227,35228],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[24,35230,5346],{},[33,35232,35233,35238,35244],{},[36,35234,35235,35237],{},[15,35236,35210],{}," shows string-related names",[36,35239,35240,35243],{},[15,35241,35242],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[36,35245,35246,35249,35250,34958],{},[15,35247,35248],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35251,18300],{},[1667,35253,35255],{"id":35254},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[24,35257,35258,35259,35261],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35260,34188],{}," does not mean you already know:",[33,35263,35264,35267,35270],{},[36,35265,35266],{},"what it does",[36,35268,35269],{},"what arguments it needs",[36,35271,35272],{},"what it returns",[24,35274,35275,35276,35278],{},"That is why ",[15,35277,34904],{}," is the natural next step.",[70,35280,1434],{"id":1433},[24,35282,35283,35284,35286],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35285,34188],{}," in these situations:",[33,35288,35289,35292,35300,35303],{},[36,35290,35291],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[36,35293,35294,35295,35299],{},"Seeing an ",[419,35296,35297],{"href":1277},[15,35298,1236],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[36,35301,35302],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[36,35304,1442,35305,35307,35308],{},[15,35306,34188],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35309,34904],{},[24,35311,35312],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[75,35314,35316],{"className":77,"code":35315,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35317,35318,35330,35334,35348,35362],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35319,35320,35322,35324,35326,35328],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35321,7754],{"class":90},[84,35323,95],{"class":94},[84,35325,3230],{"class":387},[84,35327,3721],{"class":391},[84,35329,3236],{"class":387},[84,35331,35332],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35333,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,35335,35336,35338,35340,35342,35344,35346],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35337,116],{"class":98},[84,35339,103],{"class":102},[84,35341,334],{"class":139},[84,35343,103],{"class":102},[84,35345,7544],{"class":121},[84,35347,232],{"class":102},[84,35349,35350,35352,35354,35356,35358,35360],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,35351,116],{"class":98},[84,35353,103],{"class":102},[84,35355,34249],{"class":98},[84,35357,103],{"class":102},[84,35359,7544],{"class":121},[84,35361,232],{"class":102},[84,35363,35364,35366,35368,35370,35372,35374],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,35365,32029],{"class":98},[84,35367,103],{"class":102},[84,35369,7544],{"class":121},[84,35371,425],{"class":102},[84,35373,34355],{"class":24629},[84,35375,110],{"class":102},[24,35377,35378],{},"And for modules:",[75,35380,35381],{"className":77,"code":34961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,35382,35383,35389,35393],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35384,35385,35387],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35386,34968],{"class":470},[84,35388,34971],{"class":90},[84,35390,35391],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35392,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,35394,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403,35405],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35396,116],{"class":98},[84,35398,103],{"class":102},[84,35400,34249],{"class":98},[84,35402,103],{"class":102},[84,35404,18300],{"class":121},[84,35406,232],{"class":102},[24,35408,35409],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[75,35411,35413],{"className":77,"code":35412,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35414,35415,35420,35432,35442,35456,35462],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35416,35417],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35418,35419],{"class":90},"python\n",[84,35421,35422,35424,35426,35428,35430],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35423,7754],{"class":90},[84,35425,95],{"class":94},[84,35427,3230],{"class":387},[84,35429,3721],{"class":391},[84,35431,3236],{"class":387},[84,35433,35434,35436,35438,35440],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35435,34249],{"class":98},[84,35437,103],{"class":102},[84,35439,7544],{"class":121},[84,35441,110],{"class":102},[84,35443,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452,35454],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,35445,32029],{"class":98},[84,35447,103],{"class":102},[84,35449,7544],{"class":121},[84,35451,425],{"class":102},[84,35453,34355],{"class":24629},[84,35455,110],{"class":102},[84,35457,35458,35460],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,35459,34968],{"class":470},[84,35461,34971],{"class":90},[84,35463,35464,35466,35468,35470],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,35465,34249],{"class":98},[84,35467,103],{"class":102},[84,35469,18300],{"class":121},[84,35471,110],{"class":102},[70,35473,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,35475,5016,35477,5019],{"id":35476},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35478,34188],{},[24,35480,35481],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1667,35483,5053,35485,28,35487,1689],{"id":35484},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35486,34188],{},[15,35488,34904],{},[24,35490,35491,35493,35494,35496],{},[15,35492,34188],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35495,34904],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1667,35498,35500,35501,35503],{"id":35499},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35502,34188],{}," output?",[24,35505,35506],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1667,35508,5043,35510,35512,35513,1689],{"id":35509},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35511,34188],{}," help fix ",[15,35514,1236],{},[24,35516,35517,35518,425],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[419,35519,35520],{"href":1277},"object has no attribute",[70,35522,1777],{"id":1776},[33,35524,35525,35531,35536,35540,35544],{},[36,35526,35527],{},[419,35528,13,35529,424],{"href":34901},[15,35530,34904],{},[36,35532,35533],{},[419,35534,35535],{"href":1277},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[36,35537,35538],{},[419,35539,35028],{"href":35027},[36,35541,35542],{},[419,35543,35034],{"href":35033},[36,35545,35546],{},[419,35547,13,35548,424],{"href":34686},[15,35549,2183],{},[24,35551,35552,35553,35555,35556,35558],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35554,34188],{}," together with ",[15,35557,34904],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1814,35560,35561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":35563},[35564,35565,35567,35572,35577,35579,35580,35586,35591,35598,35599,35609],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":34365,"depth":113,"text":35566},"What dir() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":35568},[35569,35571],{"id":34418,"depth":132,"text":35570},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34474,"depth":132,"text":34260},{"id":34542,"depth":113,"text":35573,"children":35574},"Using dir() with a value",[35575,35576],{"id":34554,"depth":132,"text":34555},{"id":34615,"depth":132,"text":34616},{"id":34695,"depth":113,"text":35578},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34794,"depth":113,"text":34795},{"id":34940,"depth":113,"text":35581,"children":35582},"dir() on modules",[35583,35585],{"id":34954,"depth":132,"text":35584},"Example: math module",{"id":35037,"depth":132,"text":35038},{"id":35087,"depth":113,"text":35587,"children":35588},"dir() vs help()",[35589,35590],{"id":34249,"depth":132,"text":34188},{"id":32029,"depth":132,"text":34904},{"id":25235,"depth":113,"text":25236,"children":35592},[35593,35595,35596,35597],{"id":35193,"depth":132,"text":35594},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35214,"depth":132,"text":35215},{"id":35224,"depth":132,"text":35225},{"id":35254,"depth":132,"text":35255},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":35600},[35601,35603,35605,35607],{"id":35476,"depth":132,"text":35602},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35484,"depth":132,"text":35604},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35499,"depth":132,"text":35606},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35509,"depth":132,"text":35608},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34180,"description":35610},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35617,"title":35618,"body":35619,"description":37431,"extension":1845,"meta":37432,"navigation":237,"path":37433,"seo":37434,"stem":37435,"__hash__":37436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35620,"toc":37400},[35621,35626,35631,35634,35642,35648,35650,35730,35732,35758,35763,35768,35773,35776,35787,35790,35792,35871,35873,35899,35906,35908,35910,35935,35938,35951,35956,35958,36037,36039,36065,36073,36078,36086,36092,36099,36102,36104,36183,36186,36243,36245,36282,36288,36293,36298,36301,36315,36317,36420,36422,36465,36473,36481,36488,36494,36501,36584,36586,36609,36612,36615,36617,36621,36625,36628,36691,36714,36717,36721,36727,36729,36796,36799,36876,36881,36887,36890,36893,36939,36941,36965,36970,36974,36979,36985,37048,37051,37053,37056,37081,37084,37219,37221,37322,37324,37329,37332,37338,37348,37356,37361,37367,37373,37375,37397],[10,35622,13,35624,3456],{"id":35623},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35625,929],{},[24,35627,35628,35630],{},[15,35629,929],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[24,35632,35633],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[33,35635,35636,35639],{},[36,35637,35638],{},"the item itself",[36,35640,35641],{},"its index in the loop",[24,35643,35644,35645,35647],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35646,929],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[70,35649,1887],{"id":1886},[75,35651,35653],{"className":77,"code":35652,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35654,35655,35687,35691,35714],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35656,35657,35659,35661,35663,35665,35667,35669,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683,35685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35658,12959],{"class":90},[84,35660,95],{"class":94},[84,35662,3498],{"class":102},[84,35664,854],{"class":387},[84,35666,12976],{"class":391},[84,35668,854],{"class":387},[84,35670,282],{"class":102},[84,35672,3230],{"class":387},[84,35674,17338],{"class":391},[84,35676,854],{"class":387},[84,35678,282],{"class":102},[84,35680,3230],{"class":387},[84,35682,12993],{"class":391},[84,35684,854],{"class":387},[84,35686,317],{"class":102},[84,35688,35689],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35690,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,35692,35693,35695,35698,35700,35703,35705,35708,35710,35712],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35694,440],{"class":470},[84,35696,35697],{"class":90}," index",[84,35699,282],{"class":102},[84,35701,35702],{"class":90}," color ",[84,35704,476],{"class":470},[84,35706,35707],{"class":98}," enumerate",[84,35709,103],{"class":102},[84,35711,17385],{"class":121},[84,35713,485],{"class":102},[84,35715,35716,35718,35720,35723,35725,35728],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,35717,490],{"class":98},[84,35719,103],{"class":102},[84,35721,35722],{"class":121},"index",[84,35724,282],{"class":102},[84,35726,35727],{"class":121}," color",[84,35729,110],{"class":102},[24,35731,265],{},[75,35733,35735],{"className":77,"code":35734,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35736,35737,35744,35751],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35738,35739,35741],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35740,279],{"class":106},[84,35742,35743],{"class":90}," red\n",[84,35745,35746,35748],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35747,838],{"class":106},[84,35749,35750],{"class":90}," green\n",[84,35752,35753,35755],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35754,568],{"class":106},[84,35756,35757],{"class":90}," blue\n",[24,35759,153,35760,35762],{},[15,35761,929],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[70,35764,429,35766,3554],{"id":35765},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35767,929],{},[24,35769,35770,35772],{},[15,35771,929],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[24,35774,35775],{},"It is commonly used with:",[33,35777,35778,35780,35782,35784],{},[36,35779,5174],{},[36,35781,5177],{},[36,35783,5183],{},[36,35785,35786],{},"other iterable objects",[24,35788,35789],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[24,35791,190],{},[75,35793,35795],{"className":77,"code":35794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35796,35797,35831,35835,35856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35798,35799,35801,35803,35805,35807,35809,35811,35813,35815,35818,35820,35822,35824,35827,35829],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35800,4868],{"class":90},[84,35802,95],{"class":94},[84,35804,3498],{"class":102},[84,35806,854],{"class":387},[84,35808,12763],{"class":391},[84,35810,854],{"class":387},[84,35812,282],{"class":102},[84,35814,3230],{"class":387},[84,35816,35817],{"class":391},"Ben",[84,35819,854],{"class":387},[84,35821,282],{"class":102},[84,35823,3230],{"class":387},[84,35825,35826],{"class":391},"Cara",[84,35828,854],{"class":387},[84,35830,317],{"class":102},[84,35832,35833],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35834,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,35836,35837,35839,35841,35843,35846,35848,35850,35852,35854],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35838,440],{"class":470},[84,35840,35697],{"class":90},[84,35842,282],{"class":102},[84,35844,35845],{"class":90}," name ",[84,35847,476],{"class":470},[84,35849,35707],{"class":98},[84,35851,103],{"class":102},[84,35853,4912],{"class":121},[84,35855,485],{"class":102},[84,35857,35858,35860,35862,35864,35866,35869],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,35859,490],{"class":98},[84,35861,103],{"class":102},[84,35863,35722],{"class":121},[84,35865,282],{"class":102},[84,35867,35868],{"class":121}," name",[84,35870,110],{"class":102},[24,35872,265],{},[75,35874,35876],{"className":77,"code":35875,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35877,35878,35885,35892],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35879,35880,35882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35881,279],{"class":106},[84,35883,35884],{"class":90}," Ana\n",[84,35886,35887,35889],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35888,838],{"class":106},[84,35890,35891],{"class":90}," Ben\n",[84,35893,35894,35896],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,35895,568],{"class":106},[84,35897,35898],{"class":90}," Cara\n",[24,35900,35901,35902,425],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[419,35903,35905],{"href":35904},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[70,35907,2038],{"id":2037},[24,35909,2041],{},[75,35911,35913],{"className":77,"code":35912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35914,35915],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35916,35917,35920,35922,35924,35926,35929,35931,35933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35918,35919],{"class":98},"enumerate",[84,35921,103],{"class":102},[84,35923,3595],{"class":121},[84,35925,282],{"class":102},[84,35927,35928],{"class":9054}," start",[84,35930,95],{"class":94},[84,35932,279],{"class":106},[84,35934,110],{"class":102},[24,35936,35937],{},"It has two parts:",[33,35939,35940,35945],{},[36,35941,35942,35944],{},[15,35943,3595],{},": the object you want to loop through",[36,35946,35947,35950],{},[15,35948,35949],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[24,35952,35953,35954,425],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35955,279],{},[24,35957,190],{},[75,35959,35961],{"className":77,"code":35960,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35962,35963,35996,36000,36022],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35964,35965,35968,35970,35972,35974,35976,35978,35980,35982,35984,35986,35988,35990,35992,35994],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35966,35967],{"class":90},"letters ",[84,35969,95],{"class":94},[84,35971,3498],{"class":102},[84,35973,854],{"class":387},[84,35975,419],{"class":391},[84,35977,854],{"class":387},[84,35979,282],{"class":102},[84,35981,3230],{"class":387},[84,35983,4634],{"class":391},[84,35985,854],{"class":387},[84,35987,282],{"class":102},[84,35989,3230],{"class":387},[84,35991,9619],{"class":391},[84,35993,854],{"class":387},[84,35995,317],{"class":102},[84,35997,35998],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,35999,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36001,36002,36004,36006,36008,36011,36013,36015,36017,36020],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36003,440],{"class":470},[84,36005,864],{"class":90},[84,36007,282],{"class":102},[84,36009,36010],{"class":90}," letter ",[84,36012,476],{"class":470},[84,36014,35707],{"class":98},[84,36016,103],{"class":102},[84,36018,36019],{"class":121},"letters",[84,36021,485],{"class":102},[84,36023,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36035],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36025,490],{"class":98},[84,36027,103],{"class":102},[84,36029,495],{"class":121},[84,36031,282],{"class":102},[84,36033,36034],{"class":121}," letter",[84,36036,110],{"class":102},[24,36038,265],{},[75,36040,36042],{"className":77,"code":36041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36043,36044,36051,36058],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36045,36046,36048],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36047,279],{"class":106},[84,36049,36050],{"class":90}," a\n",[84,36052,36053,36055],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36054,838],{"class":106},[84,36056,36057],{"class":90}," b\n",[84,36059,36060,36062],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36061,568],{"class":106},[84,36063,36064],{"class":90}," c\n",[24,36066,36067,36068,425],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[419,36069,13,36071,424],{"href":36070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36072,17],{},[70,36074,429,36076,11586],{"id":36075},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36077,929],{},[24,36079,36080,36082,36083,425],{},[15,36081,929],{}," returns an ",[42,36084,36085],{},"enumerate object",[24,36087,36088,36089,36091],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36090,440],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[33,36093,36094],{},[36,36095,36096],{},[15,36097,36098],{},"(index, item)",[24,36100,36101],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[24,36103,190],{},[75,36105,36107],{"className":77,"code":36106,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36108,36109,36142,36146,36168],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36110,36111,36114,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36112,36113],{"class":90},"fruits ",[84,36115,95],{"class":94},[84,36117,3498],{"class":102},[84,36119,854],{"class":387},[84,36121,3952],{"class":391},[84,36123,854],{"class":387},[84,36125,282],{"class":102},[84,36127,3230],{"class":387},[84,36129,3961],{"class":391},[84,36131,854],{"class":387},[84,36133,282],{"class":102},[84,36135,3230],{"class":387},[84,36137,33098],{"class":391},[84,36139,854],{"class":387},[84,36141,317],{"class":102},[84,36143,36144],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36145,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36147,36148,36150,36152,36154,36157,36159,36161,36163,36166],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36149,440],{"class":470},[84,36151,35697],{"class":90},[84,36153,282],{"class":102},[84,36155,36156],{"class":90}," fruit ",[84,36158,476],{"class":470},[84,36160,35707],{"class":98},[84,36162,103],{"class":102},[84,36164,36165],{"class":121},"fruits",[84,36167,485],{"class":102},[84,36169,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36181],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36171,490],{"class":98},[84,36173,103],{"class":102},[84,36175,35722],{"class":121},[84,36177,282],{"class":102},[84,36179,36180],{"class":121}," fruit",[84,36182,110],{"class":102},[24,36184,36185],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[75,36187,36189],{"className":77,"code":36188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36190,36191,36211,36215,36233],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36192,36193,36195,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36194,91],{"class":90},[84,36196,95],{"class":94},[84,36198,3498],{"class":102},[84,36200,2212],{"class":106},[84,36202,282],{"class":102},[84,36204,7667],{"class":106},[84,36206,282],{"class":102},[84,36208,7672],{"class":106},[84,36210,317],{"class":102},[84,36212,36213],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36214,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36216,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36218,2110],{"class":90},[84,36220,95],{"class":94},[84,36222,220],{"class":139},[84,36224,103],{"class":102},[84,36226,35919],{"class":98},[84,36228,103],{"class":102},[84,36230,122],{"class":121},[84,36232,232],{"class":102},[84,36234,36235,36237,36239,36241],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36236,116],{"class":98},[84,36238,103],{"class":102},[84,36240,2145],{"class":121},[84,36242,110],{"class":102},[24,36244,265],{},[75,36246,36248],{"className":77,"code":36247,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36249,36250],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36251,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36253,21623],{"class":102},[84,36255,279],{"class":106},[84,36257,282],{"class":102},[84,36259,573],{"class":106},[84,36261,9112],{"class":102},[84,36263,9115],{"class":102},[84,36265,838],{"class":106},[84,36267,282],{"class":102},[84,36269,7667],{"class":106},[84,36271,9112],{"class":102},[84,36273,9115],{"class":102},[84,36275,568],{"class":106},[84,36277,282],{"class":102},[84,36279,7672],{"class":106},[84,36281,9128],{"class":102},[24,36283,36284,36285,36287],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36286,929],{}," produces.",[70,36289,792,36291],{"id":36290},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36292,929],{},[24,36294,153,36295,36297],{},[15,36296,929],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[24,36299,36300],{},"Common cases:",[33,36302,36303,36306,36309,36312],{},[36,36304,36305],{},"printing numbered output",[36,36307,36308],{},"building menus",[36,36310,36311],{},"showing positions in a list",[36,36313,36314],{},"looping over both index and value together",[24,36316,190],{},[75,36318,36320],{"className":77,"code":36319,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36321,36322,36357,36361,36391],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36323,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36335,36337,36339,36341,36344,36346,36348,36350,36353,36355],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36325,29773],{"class":90},[84,36327,95],{"class":94},[84,36329,3498],{"class":102},[84,36331,854],{"class":387},[84,36333,36334],{"class":391},"Wash dishes",[84,36336,854],{"class":387},[84,36338,282],{"class":102},[84,36340,3230],{"class":387},[84,36342,36343],{"class":391},"Study Python",[84,36345,854],{"class":387},[84,36347,282],{"class":102},[84,36349,3230],{"class":387},[84,36351,36352],{"class":391},"Go for a walk",[84,36354,854],{"class":387},[84,36356,317],{"class":102},[84,36358,36359],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36360,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36362,36363,36365,36367,36369,36372,36374,36376,36378,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36364,440],{"class":470},[84,36366,2077],{"class":90},[84,36368,282],{"class":102},[84,36370,36371],{"class":90}," task ",[84,36373,476],{"class":470},[84,36375,35707],{"class":98},[84,36377,103],{"class":102},[84,36379,36380],{"class":121},"tasks",[84,36382,282],{"class":102},[84,36384,35928],{"class":9054},[84,36386,95],{"class":94},[84,36388,838],{"class":106},[84,36390,485],{"class":102},[84,36392,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36414,36416,36418],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36394,490],{"class":98},[84,36396,103],{"class":102},[84,36398,22175],{"class":383},[84,36400,854],{"class":391},[84,36402,9157],{"class":106},[84,36404,2120],{"class":121},[84,36406,22184],{"class":106},[84,36408,28190],{"class":391},[84,36410,9157],{"class":106},[84,36412,36413],{"class":121},"task",[84,36415,22184],{"class":106},[84,36417,854],{"class":391},[84,36419,110],{"class":102},[24,36421,265],{},[75,36423,36425],{"className":77,"code":36424,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36426,36427,36439,36451],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36428,36429,36431,36433,36436],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36430,838],{"class":106},[84,36432,425],{"class":102},[84,36434,36435],{"class":24629}," Wash",[84,36437,36438],{"class":90}," dishes\n",[84,36440,36441,36443,36445,36448],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36442,568],{"class":106},[84,36444,425],{"class":102},[84,36446,36447],{"class":24629}," Study",[84,36449,36450],{"class":90}," Python\n",[84,36452,36453,36455,36457,36460,36462],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36454,1162],{"class":106},[84,36456,425],{"class":102},[84,36458,36459],{"class":24629}," Go",[84,36461,3752],{"class":470},[84,36463,36464],{"class":90}," a walk\n",[24,36466,36467,36468,36470,36471,425],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36469,929],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36472,933],{},[24,36474,36475,36476,425],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[419,36477,938,36479,941],{"href":36478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F",[15,36480,929],{},[70,36482,36484,36485,36487],{"id":36483},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36486,35949],{}," argument",[24,36489,36490,36491,36493],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36492,35949],{}," argument.",[24,36495,36496,36497,1686,36499,881],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36498,838],{},[15,36500,279],{},[75,36502,36504],{"className":77,"code":36503,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36505,36506,36538,36542,36570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36507,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36509,12959],{"class":90},[84,36511,95],{"class":94},[84,36513,3498],{"class":102},[84,36515,854],{"class":387},[84,36517,12976],{"class":391},[84,36519,854],{"class":387},[84,36521,282],{"class":102},[84,36523,3230],{"class":387},[84,36525,17338],{"class":391},[84,36527,854],{"class":387},[84,36529,282],{"class":102},[84,36531,3230],{"class":387},[84,36533,12993],{"class":391},[84,36535,854],{"class":387},[84,36537,317],{"class":102},[84,36539,36540],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36541,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36543,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36545,440],{"class":470},[84,36547,35697],{"class":90},[84,36549,282],{"class":102},[84,36551,35702],{"class":90},[84,36553,476],{"class":470},[84,36555,35707],{"class":98},[84,36557,103],{"class":102},[84,36559,17385],{"class":121},[84,36561,282],{"class":102},[84,36563,35928],{"class":9054},[84,36565,95],{"class":94},[84,36567,838],{"class":106},[84,36569,485],{"class":102},[84,36571,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36573,490],{"class":98},[84,36575,103],{"class":102},[84,36577,35722],{"class":121},[84,36579,282],{"class":102},[84,36581,35727],{"class":121},[84,36583,110],{"class":102},[24,36585,265],{},[75,36587,36589],{"className":77,"code":36588,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36590,36591,36597,36603],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36592,36593,36595],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36594,838],{"class":106},[84,36596,35743],{"class":90},[84,36598,36599,36601],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36600,568],{"class":106},[84,36602,35750],{"class":90},[84,36604,36605,36607],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36606,1162],{"class":106},[84,36608,35757],{"class":90},[24,36610,36611],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[24,36613,36614],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[70,36616,25236],{"id":25235},[24,36618,25239,36619,425],{},[15,36620,929],{},[1667,36622,36624],{"id":36623},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[24,36626,36627],{},"In this loop:",[75,36629,36631],{"className":77,"code":36630,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36632,36633,36653,36657,36677],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36634,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36636,91],{"class":90},[84,36638,95],{"class":94},[84,36640,3498],{"class":102},[84,36642,2212],{"class":106},[84,36644,282],{"class":102},[84,36646,7667],{"class":106},[84,36648,282],{"class":102},[84,36650,7672],{"class":106},[84,36652,317],{"class":102},[84,36654,36655],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36656,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36658,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36660,440],{"class":470},[84,36662,35697],{"class":90},[84,36664,282],{"class":102},[84,36666,21467],{"class":90},[84,36668,476],{"class":470},[84,36670,35707],{"class":98},[84,36672,103],{"class":102},[84,36674,122],{"class":121},[84,36676,485],{"class":102},[84,36678,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36680,490],{"class":98},[84,36682,103],{"class":102},[84,36684,35722],{"class":121},[84,36686,282],{"class":102},[84,36688,8309],{"class":121},[84,36690,110],{"class":102},[33,36692,36693,36703],{},[36,36694,36695,4657,36697,1263,36699,1263,36701],{},[15,36696,35722],{},[15,36698,279],{},[15,36700,838],{},[15,36702,568],{},[36,36704,36705,4657,36707,1263,36709,1263,36711],{},[15,36706,2354],{},[15,36708,2212],{},[15,36710,15636],{},[15,36712,36713],{},"30",[24,36715,36716],{},"These are different things.",[1667,36718,36720],{"id":36719},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[24,36722,36723,36724,36726],{},"Each item from ",[15,36725,929],{}," is a pair.",[24,36728,6562],{},[75,36730,36732],{"className":77,"code":36731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36733,36734,36758,36762,36782],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36735,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36737,7656],{"class":90},[84,36739,95],{"class":94},[84,36741,3498],{"class":102},[84,36743,854],{"class":387},[84,36745,2055],{"class":391},[84,36747,854],{"class":387},[84,36749,282],{"class":102},[84,36751,3230],{"class":387},[84,36753,11626],{"class":391},[84,36755,854],{"class":387},[84,36757,317],{"class":102},[84,36759,36760],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36761,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36763,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36765,440],{"class":470},[84,36767,864],{"class":90},[84,36769,282],{"class":102},[84,36771,5834],{"class":90},[84,36773,476],{"class":470},[84,36775,35707],{"class":98},[84,36777,103],{"class":102},[84,36779,7687],{"class":121},[84,36781,485],{"class":102},[84,36783,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36785,490],{"class":98},[84,36787,103],{"class":102},[84,36789,495],{"class":121},[84,36791,282],{"class":102},[84,36793,29384],{"class":121},[84,36795,110],{"class":102},[24,36797,36798],{},"But this causes an error:",[75,36800,36802],{"className":77,"code":36801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36803,36804,36828,36832,36857],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36805,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36807,7656],{"class":90},[84,36809,95],{"class":94},[84,36811,3498],{"class":102},[84,36813,854],{"class":387},[84,36815,2055],{"class":391},[84,36817,854],{"class":387},[84,36819,282],{"class":102},[84,36821,3230],{"class":387},[84,36823,11626],{"class":391},[84,36825,854],{"class":387},[84,36827,317],{"class":102},[84,36829,36830],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36831,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,36833,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36835,440],{"class":470},[84,36837,864],{"class":90},[84,36839,282],{"class":102},[84,36841,29384],{"class":90},[84,36843,282],{"class":102},[84,36845,36846],{"class":90}," extra ",[84,36848,476],{"class":470},[84,36850,35707],{"class":98},[84,36852,103],{"class":102},[84,36854,7687],{"class":121},[84,36856,485],{"class":102},[84,36858,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36874],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,36860,490],{"class":98},[84,36862,103],{"class":102},[84,36864,495],{"class":121},[84,36866,282],{"class":102},[84,36868,29384],{"class":121},[84,36870,282],{"class":102},[84,36872,36873],{"class":121}," extra",[84,36875,110],{"class":102},[24,36877,28938,36878,36880],{},[15,36879,929],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1667,36882,36884,36886],{"id":36883},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36885,929],{}," only works with iterable objects",[24,36888,36889],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[24,36891,36892],{},"Example with a string:",[75,36894,36896],{"className":77,"code":36895,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36897,36898,36924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36899,36900,36902,36904,36906,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36920,36922],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36901,440],{"class":470},[84,36903,35697],{"class":90},[84,36905,282],{"class":102},[84,36907,36908],{"class":90}," char ",[84,36910,476],{"class":470},[84,36912,35707],{"class":98},[84,36914,103],{"class":102},[84,36916,854],{"class":387},[84,36918,36919],{"class":391},"cat",[84,36921,854],{"class":387},[84,36923,485],{"class":102},[84,36925,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934,36937],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36927,490],{"class":98},[84,36929,103],{"class":102},[84,36931,35722],{"class":121},[84,36933,282],{"class":102},[84,36935,36936],{"class":121}," char",[84,36938,110],{"class":102},[24,36940,265],{},[75,36942,36944],{"className":77,"code":36943,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36945,36946,36952,36958],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36947,36948,36950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36949,279],{"class":106},[84,36951,36064],{"class":90},[84,36953,36954,36956],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,36955,838],{"class":106},[84,36957,36050],{"class":90},[84,36959,36960,36962],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,36961,568],{"class":106},[84,36963,36964],{"class":90}," t\n",[24,36966,36967,36968,425],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[419,36969,5010],{"href":5460},[1667,36971,36973],{"id":36972},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[24,36975,36976,36977,425],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36978,929],{},[24,36980,36981,36982,36984],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36983,440],{}," loop:",[75,36986,36988],{"className":77,"code":36987,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36989,36990,37022,37026,37038],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36991,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36993,12959],{"class":90},[84,36995,95],{"class":94},[84,36997,3498],{"class":102},[84,36999,854],{"class":387},[84,37001,12976],{"class":391},[84,37003,854],{"class":387},[84,37005,282],{"class":102},[84,37007,3230],{"class":387},[84,37009,17338],{"class":391},[84,37011,854],{"class":387},[84,37013,282],{"class":102},[84,37015,3230],{"class":387},[84,37017,12993],{"class":391},[84,37019,854],{"class":387},[84,37021,317],{"class":102},[84,37023,37024],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,37025,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,37027,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,37029,440],{"class":470},[84,37031,35702],{"class":90},[84,37033,476],{"class":470},[84,37035,13007],{"class":90},[84,37037,6266],{"class":102},[84,37039,37040,37042,37044,37046],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,37041,490],{"class":98},[84,37043,103],{"class":102},[84,37045,32768],{"class":121},[84,37047,110],{"class":102},[24,37049,37050],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[70,37052,1434],{"id":1433},[24,37054,37055],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[33,37057,37058,37063,37069,37074],{},[36,37059,22981,37060,37062],{},[15,37061,929],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[36,37064,37065,37066,37068],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37067,279],{}," by default",[36,37070,1442,37071,37073],{},[15,37072,929],{}," when only values are needed",[36,37075,37076,37077,8582,37079],{},"Confusing ",[15,37078,929],{},[15,37080,17],{},[24,37082,37083],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[75,37085,37087],{"className":77,"code":37086,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37088,37089,37111,37138,37172,37205],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37090,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37092,116],{"class":98},[84,37094,103],{"class":102},[84,37096,35919],{"class":98},[84,37098,2865],{"class":102},[84,37100,2212],{"class":106},[84,37102,282],{"class":102},[84,37104,7667],{"class":106},[84,37106,282],{"class":102},[84,37108,7672],{"class":106},[84,37110,2878],{"class":102},[84,37112,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,37114,116],{"class":98},[84,37116,103],{"class":102},[84,37118,140],{"class":139},[84,37120,103],{"class":102},[84,37122,35919],{"class":98},[84,37124,2865],{"class":102},[84,37126,2212],{"class":106},[84,37128,282],{"class":102},[84,37130,7667],{"class":106},[84,37132,282],{"class":102},[84,37134,7672],{"class":106},[84,37136,37137],{"class":102},"])))\n",[84,37139,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,37141,116],{"class":98},[84,37143,103],{"class":102},[84,37145,140],{"class":139},[84,37147,103],{"class":102},[84,37149,35919],{"class":98},[84,37151,2865],{"class":102},[84,37153,2212],{"class":106},[84,37155,282],{"class":102},[84,37157,7667],{"class":106},[84,37159,282],{"class":102},[84,37161,7672],{"class":106},[84,37163,17945],{"class":102},[84,37165,35928],{"class":9054},[84,37167,95],{"class":94},[84,37169,838],{"class":106},[84,37171,345],{"class":102},[84,37173,37174,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,37175,440],{"class":470},[84,37177,864],{"class":90},[84,37179,282],{"class":102},[84,37181,21467],{"class":90},[84,37183,476],{"class":470},[84,37185,35707],{"class":98},[84,37187,2865],{"class":102},[84,37189,394],{"class":387},[84,37191,419],{"class":391},[84,37193,394],{"class":387},[84,37195,282],{"class":102},[84,37197,388],{"class":387},[84,37199,4634],{"class":391},[84,37201,394],{"class":387},[84,37203,37204],{"class":102},"]):\n",[84,37206,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,37208,490],{"class":98},[84,37210,103],{"class":102},[84,37212,495],{"class":121},[84,37214,282],{"class":102},[84,37216,8309],{"class":121},[84,37218,110],{"class":102},[24,37220,16841],{},[75,37222,37224],{"className":77,"code":37223,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37225,37226,37246,37278,37310,37316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37227,37228,37230,37232,37234,37237,37241,37244],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37229,380],{"class":94},[84,37231,35919],{"class":98},[84,37233,1247],{"class":139},[84,37235,37236],{"class":90}," at ",[84,37238,37240],{"class":37239},"srjyR","0x",[84,37242,37243],{"class":34330},"...",[84,37245,397],{"class":94},[84,37247,37248,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,37249,21623],{"class":102},[84,37251,279],{"class":106},[84,37253,282],{"class":102},[84,37255,573],{"class":106},[84,37257,9112],{"class":102},[84,37259,9115],{"class":102},[84,37261,838],{"class":106},[84,37263,282],{"class":102},[84,37265,7667],{"class":106},[84,37267,9112],{"class":102},[84,37269,9115],{"class":102},[84,37271,568],{"class":106},[84,37273,282],{"class":102},[84,37275,7672],{"class":106},[84,37277,9128],{"class":102},[84,37279,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,37281,21623],{"class":102},[84,37283,838],{"class":106},[84,37285,282],{"class":102},[84,37287,573],{"class":106},[84,37289,9112],{"class":102},[84,37291,9115],{"class":102},[84,37293,568],{"class":106},[84,37295,282],{"class":102},[84,37297,7667],{"class":106},[84,37299,9112],{"class":102},[84,37301,9115],{"class":102},[84,37303,1162],{"class":106},[84,37305,282],{"class":102},[84,37307,7672],{"class":106},[84,37309,9128],{"class":102},[84,37311,37312,37314],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,37313,279],{"class":106},[84,37315,36050],{"class":90},[84,37317,37318,37320],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,37319,838],{"class":106},[84,37321,36057],{"class":90},[70,37323,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,37325,5016,37327,5019],{"id":37326},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37328,929],{},[24,37330,37331],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1667,37333,12586,37335,37337],{"id":37334},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37336,929],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[24,37339,37340,37341,37343,37344,37347],{},"It starts at ",[15,37342,279],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37345,37346],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1667,37349,21303,37351,1686,37353,1689],{"id":37350},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37352,929],{},[15,37354,37355],{},"range(len(list))",[24,37357,36467,37358,37360],{},[15,37359,929],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1667,37362,5043,37364,37366],{"id":37363},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37365,929],{}," be used with strings?",[24,37368,37369,37370,37372],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37371,929],{}," can return each character with its index.",[70,37374,1777],{"id":1776},[33,37376,37377,37381,37387,37393],{},[36,37378,37379],{},[419,37380,35905],{"href":35904},[36,37382,37383],{},[419,37384,13,37385,424],{"href":36070},[15,37386,17],{},[36,37388,37389],{},[419,37390,1803,37391,941],{"href":36478},[15,37392,929],{},[36,37394,37395],{},[419,37396,5090],{"href":5460},[1814,37398,37399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":37401},[37402,37403,37405,37406,37408,37410,37412,37419,37420,37430],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":35765,"depth":113,"text":37404},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":36075,"depth":113,"text":37407},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36290,"depth":113,"text":37409},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36483,"depth":113,"text":37411},"Using the start argument",{"id":25235,"depth":113,"text":25236,"children":37413},[37414,37415,37416,37418],{"id":36623,"depth":132,"text":36624},{"id":36719,"depth":132,"text":36720},{"id":36883,"depth":132,"text":37417},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36972,"depth":132,"text":36973},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":37421},[37422,37424,37426,37428],{"id":37326,"depth":132,"text":37423},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37334,"depth":132,"text":37425},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37350,"depth":132,"text":37427},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37363,"depth":132,"text":37429},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35618,"description":37431},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37438,"title":37439,"body":37440,"description":39954,"extension":1845,"meta":39955,"navigation":237,"path":39956,"seo":39957,"stem":39958,"__hash__":39959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37441,"toc":39911},[37442,37448,37453,37456,37464,37477,37479,37569,37577,37582,37587,37589,37605,37607,37686,37688,37705,37711,37715,37717,37738,37742,37745,37757,37761,37764,37767,37784,37787,37863,37865,37882,37887,37891,37899,37902,37917,37919,38008,38010,38055,38058,38062,38065,38144,38146,38168,38171,38178,38183,38186,38289,38291,38316,38319,38326,38332,38337,38340,38351,38457,38459,38480,38488,38495,38501,38520,38525,38528,38547,38549,38634,38636,38665,38668,38673,38678,38681,38692,38694,38783,38785,38805,38811,38917,38919,38939,38942,39026,39028,39048,39055,39057,39061,39067,39070,39127,39130,39133,39194,39203,39206,39209,39237,39240,39300,39302,39319,39323,39326,39404,39406,39426,39429,39504,39508,39511,39513,39522,39527,39529,39580,39588,39600,39605,39666,39668,39685,39689,39752,39754,39779,39787,39789,39795,39801,39808,39816,39822,39825,39832,39842,39848,39854,39857,39874,39880,39882,39908],[10,37443,13,37445,3456],{"id":37444},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37446,37447],{},"filter()",[24,37449,37450,37452],{},[15,37451,37447],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[24,37454,37455],{},"It takes:",[33,37457,37458,37461],{},[36,37459,37460],{},"a function that checks each item",[36,37462,37463],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[24,37465,37466,37467,37469,37470,37473,37474,37476],{},"The result is ",[42,37468,1071],{}," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37471,37472],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37475,788],{}," to see the values.",[70,37478,1887],{"id":1886},[75,37480,37482],{"className":77,"code":37481,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37483,37484,37516,37552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37485,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37487,91],{"class":90},[84,37489,95],{"class":94},[84,37491,3498],{"class":102},[84,37493,838],{"class":106},[84,37495,282],{"class":102},[84,37497,304],{"class":106},[84,37499,282],{"class":102},[84,37501,309],{"class":106},[84,37503,282],{"class":102},[84,37505,314],{"class":106},[84,37507,282],{"class":102},[84,37509,285],{"class":106},[84,37511,282],{"class":102},[84,37513,843],{"class":106},[84,37515,317],{"class":102},[84,37517,37518,37520,37522,37525,37527,37530,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,37519,2110],{"class":90},[84,37521,95],{"class":94},[84,37523,37524],{"class":98}," filter",[84,37526,103],{"class":102},[84,37528,37529],{"class":383},"lambda",[84,37531,37533],{"class":37532},"sFwrP"," x",[84,37535,881],{"class":102},[84,37537,3755],{"class":121},[84,37539,6276],{"class":94},[84,37541,304],{"class":106},[84,37543,6281],{"class":94},[84,37545,3709],{"class":106},[84,37547,282],{"class":102},[84,37549,4137],{"class":121},[84,37551,110],{"class":102},[84,37553,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,37555,116],{"class":98},[84,37557,103],{"class":102},[84,37559,140],{"class":139},[84,37561,103],{"class":102},[84,37563,2145],{"class":121},[84,37565,147],{"class":102},[84,37567,37568],{"class":128},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[24,37570,37571,37573,37574,37576],{},[15,37572,37447],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37575,788],{}," to see the results.",[70,37578,429,37580,3554],{"id":37579},"what-filter-does",[15,37581,37447],{},[24,37583,37584,37586],{},[15,37585,37447],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[24,37588,1074],{},[33,37590,37591,37594,37600],{},[36,37592,37593],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[36,37595,37596,37597,37599],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37598,3481],{},", the item is kept",[36,37601,37596,37602,37604],{},[15,37603,3548],{},", the item is removed",[24,37606,190],{},[75,37608,37610],{"className":77,"code":37609,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37611,37612,37640,37644,37672],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37613,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37615,91],{"class":90},[84,37617,95],{"class":94},[84,37619,3498],{"class":102},[84,37621,838],{"class":106},[84,37623,282],{"class":102},[84,37625,304],{"class":106},[84,37627,282],{"class":102},[84,37629,309],{"class":106},[84,37631,282],{"class":102},[84,37633,314],{"class":106},[84,37635,282],{"class":102},[84,37637,285],{"class":106},[84,37639,317],{"class":102},[84,37641,37642],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,37643,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,37645,37646,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,37647,2110],{"class":90},[84,37649,95],{"class":94},[84,37651,37524],{"class":98},[84,37653,103],{"class":102},[84,37655,37529],{"class":383},[84,37657,37533],{"class":37532},[84,37659,881],{"class":102},[84,37661,3755],{"class":121},[84,37663,4126],{"class":94},[84,37665,309],{"class":106},[84,37667,282],{"class":102},[84,37669,4137],{"class":121},[84,37671,110],{"class":102},[84,37673,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,37675,116],{"class":98},[84,37677,103],{"class":102},[84,37679,140],{"class":139},[84,37681,103],{"class":102},[84,37683,2145],{"class":121},[84,37685,232],{"class":102},[24,37687,265],{},[75,37689,37691],{"className":77,"code":37690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37692,37693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37694,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37696,292],{"class":102},[84,37698,2386],{"class":106},[84,37700,282],{"class":102},[84,37702,285],{"class":106},[84,37704,317],{"class":102},[24,37706,37707,37708,37710],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37709,1162],{}," are kept.",[70,37712,37714],{"id":37713},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[24,37716,2041],{},[75,37718,37720],{"className":77,"code":37719,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37721,37722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37723,37724,37726,37728,37731,37733,37736],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37725,37472],{"class":98},[84,37727,103],{"class":102},[84,37729,37730],{"class":121},"function",[84,37732,282],{"class":102},[84,37734,37735],{"class":121}," iterable",[84,37737,110],{"class":102},[1667,37739,37740],{"id":37730},[15,37741,37730],{},[24,37743,37744],{},"This is the test function.",[33,37746,37747,37750],{},[36,37748,37749],{},"It receives one item at a time",[36,37751,37752,37753,2759,37755],{},"It should return ",[15,37754,3481],{},[15,37756,3548],{},[1667,37758,37759],{"id":3595},[15,37760,3595],{},[24,37762,37763],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[24,37765,37766],{},"It can be:",[33,37768,37769,37772,37775,37778,37781],{},[36,37770,37771],{},"a list",[36,37773,37774],{},"a tuple",[36,37776,37777],{},"a string",[36,37779,37780],{},"a set",[36,37782,37783],{},"another iterable object",[24,37785,37786],{},"Example with a tuple:",[75,37788,37790],{"className":77,"code":37789,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37791,37792,37817,37821,37849],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37793,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37795,91],{"class":90},[84,37797,95],{"class":94},[84,37799,9115],{"class":102},[84,37801,2212],{"class":106},[84,37803,282],{"class":102},[84,37805,37806],{"class":106}," 15",[84,37808,282],{"class":102},[84,37810,7667],{"class":106},[84,37812,282],{"class":102},[84,37814,9185],{"class":106},[84,37816,110],{"class":102},[84,37818,37819],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,37820,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,37822,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,37824,2110],{"class":90},[84,37826,95],{"class":94},[84,37828,37524],{"class":98},[84,37830,103],{"class":102},[84,37832,37529],{"class":383},[84,37834,37533],{"class":37532},[84,37836,881],{"class":102},[84,37838,3755],{"class":121},[84,37840,4972],{"class":94},[84,37842,7667],{"class":106},[84,37844,282],{"class":102},[84,37846,4137],{"class":121},[84,37848,110],{"class":102},[84,37850,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,37852,116],{"class":98},[84,37854,103],{"class":102},[84,37856,140],{"class":139},[84,37858,103],{"class":102},[84,37860,2145],{"class":121},[84,37862,232],{"class":102},[24,37864,265],{},[75,37866,37868],{"className":77,"code":37867,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37869,37870],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37871,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37873,292],{"class":102},[84,37875,15636],{"class":106},[84,37877,282],{"class":102},[84,37879,9185],{"class":106},[84,37881,317],{"class":102},[24,37883,37884,37885,425],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[419,37886,5010],{"href":5460},[70,37888,37890],{"id":37889},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[24,37892,37893,37894,173,37896,425],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37895,37447],{},[42,37897,37898],{},"filter object",[24,37900,37901],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[33,37903,37904,37907,37912],{},[36,37905,37906],{},"loop through it",[36,37908,37909,37910],{},"convert it with ",[15,37911,788],{},[36,37913,37909,37914],{},[15,37915,37916],{},"tuple()",[24,37918,190],{},[75,37920,37922],{"className":77,"code":37921,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37923,37924,37966,37970,37980,37994],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37925,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37962,37964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37927,2110],{"class":90},[84,37929,95],{"class":94},[84,37931,37524],{"class":98},[84,37933,103],{"class":102},[84,37935,37529],{"class":383},[84,37937,37533],{"class":37532},[84,37939,881],{"class":102},[84,37941,3755],{"class":121},[84,37943,4126],{"class":94},[84,37945,304],{"class":106},[84,37947,282],{"class":102},[84,37949,3498],{"class":102},[84,37951,838],{"class":106},[84,37953,282],{"class":102},[84,37955,304],{"class":106},[84,37957,282],{"class":102},[84,37959,309],{"class":106},[84,37961,282],{"class":102},[84,37963,314],{"class":106},[84,37965,741],{"class":102},[84,37967,37968],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,37969,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,37971,37972,37974,37976,37978],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,37973,116],{"class":98},[84,37975,103],{"class":102},[84,37977,2145],{"class":121},[84,37979,110],{"class":102},[84,37981,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,37983,116],{"class":98},[84,37985,103],{"class":102},[84,37987,334],{"class":139},[84,37989,103],{"class":102},[84,37991,2145],{"class":121},[84,37993,232],{"class":102},[84,37995,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,37997,116],{"class":98},[84,37999,103],{"class":102},[84,38001,140],{"class":139},[84,38003,103],{"class":102},[84,38005,2145],{"class":121},[84,38007,232],{"class":102},[24,38009,265],{},[75,38011,38013],{"className":77,"code":38012,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38014,38015,38029,38043],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38016,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38018,380],{"class":94},[84,38020,37472],{"class":98},[84,38022,1247],{"class":139},[84,38024,37236],{"class":90},[84,38026,37243],{"class":34330},[84,38028,397],{"class":94},[84,38030,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38032,380],{"class":94},[84,38034,384],{"class":383},[84,38036,388],{"class":387},[84,38038,37472],{"class":391},[84,38040,394],{"class":387},[84,38042,397],{"class":94},[84,38044,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,38046,292],{"class":102},[84,38048,1162],{"class":106},[84,38050,282],{"class":102},[84,38052,314],{"class":106},[84,38054,317],{"class":102},[24,38056,38057],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1667,38059,38061],{"id":38060},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[24,38063,38064],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[75,38066,38068],{"className":77,"code":38067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38069,38070,38112,38116,38130],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38071,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38073,2110],{"class":90},[84,38075,95],{"class":94},[84,38077,37524],{"class":98},[84,38079,103],{"class":102},[84,38081,37529],{"class":383},[84,38083,37533],{"class":37532},[84,38085,881],{"class":102},[84,38087,3755],{"class":121},[84,38089,4126],{"class":94},[84,38091,304],{"class":106},[84,38093,282],{"class":102},[84,38095,3498],{"class":102},[84,38097,838],{"class":106},[84,38099,282],{"class":102},[84,38101,304],{"class":106},[84,38103,282],{"class":102},[84,38105,309],{"class":106},[84,38107,282],{"class":102},[84,38109,314],{"class":106},[84,38111,741],{"class":102},[84,38113,38114],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38115,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38117,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,38119,116],{"class":98},[84,38121,103],{"class":102},[84,38123,140],{"class":139},[84,38125,103],{"class":102},[84,38127,2145],{"class":121},[84,38129,232],{"class":102},[84,38131,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,38133,116],{"class":98},[84,38135,103],{"class":102},[84,38137,140],{"class":139},[84,38139,103],{"class":102},[84,38141,2145],{"class":121},[84,38143,232],{"class":102},[24,38145,265],{},[75,38147,38149],{"className":77,"code":38148,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38150,38151,38163],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38152,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38154,292],{"class":102},[84,38156,1162],{"class":106},[84,38158,282],{"class":102},[84,38160,314],{"class":106},[84,38162,317],{"class":102},[84,38164,38165],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38166,38167],{"class":102},"[]\n",[24,38169,38170],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[70,38172,1442,38174,8582,38176],{"id":38173},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38175,37447],{},[15,38177,37529],{},[24,38179,15072,38180,38182],{},[15,38181,37529],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[24,38184,38185],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[75,38187,38189],{"className":77,"code":38188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38190,38191,38233,38237,38275],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38192,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226,38229,38231],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38194,3943],{"class":90},[84,38196,95],{"class":94},[84,38198,3498],{"class":102},[84,38200,854],{"class":387},[84,38202,3952],{"class":391},[84,38204,854],{"class":387},[84,38206,282],{"class":102},[84,38208,3230],{"class":387},[84,38210,38211],{"class":391},"kiwi",[84,38213,854],{"class":387},[84,38215,282],{"class":102},[84,38217,3230],{"class":387},[84,38219,3961],{"class":391},[84,38221,854],{"class":387},[84,38223,282],{"class":102},[84,38225,3230],{"class":387},[84,38227,38228],{"class":391},"fig",[84,38230,854],{"class":387},[84,38232,317],{"class":102},[84,38234,38235],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38236,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38238,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38252,38254,38257,38259,38262,38264,38267,38269,38271,38273],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,38240,2110],{"class":90},[84,38242,95],{"class":94},[84,38244,37524],{"class":98},[84,38246,103],{"class":102},[84,38248,37529],{"class":383},[84,38250,38251],{"class":37532}," word",[84,38253,881],{"class":102},[84,38255,38256],{"class":98}," len",[84,38258,103],{"class":102},[84,38260,38261],{"class":121},"word",[84,38263,125],{"class":102},[84,38265,38266],{"class":94}," >",[84,38268,314],{"class":106},[84,38270,282],{"class":102},[84,38272,6040],{"class":121},[84,38274,110],{"class":102},[84,38276,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,38278,116],{"class":98},[84,38280,103],{"class":102},[84,38282,140],{"class":139},[84,38284,103],{"class":102},[84,38286,2145],{"class":121},[84,38288,232],{"class":102},[24,38290,265],{},[75,38292,38294],{"className":77,"code":38293,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38295,38296],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38297,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38299,292],{"class":102},[84,38301,394],{"class":387},[84,38303,3952],{"class":391},[84,38305,394],{"class":387},[84,38307,282],{"class":102},[84,38309,388],{"class":387},[84,38311,3961],{"class":391},[84,38313,394],{"class":387},[84,38315,317],{"class":102},[24,38317,38318],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[24,38320,38321,38322,425],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[419,38323,38325],{"href":38324},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[70,38327,1442,38329,38331],{"id":38328},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38330,37447],{}," with a named function",[24,38333,38334,38335,425],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38336,37529],{},[24,38338,38339],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[33,38341,38342,38345,38348],{},[36,38343,38344],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[36,38346,38347],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[36,38349,38350],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[75,38352,38354],{"className":77,"code":38353,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38355,38356,38369,38384,38388,38420,38439,38443],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38357,38358,38360,38363,38365,38367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38359,34728],{"class":383},[84,38361,38362],{"class":34731}," is_even",[84,38364,103],{"class":102},[84,38366,2120],{"class":37532},[84,38368,485],{"class":102},[84,38370,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38372,34739],{"class":470},[84,38374,6259],{"class":90},[84,38376,6276],{"class":94},[84,38378,304],{"class":106},[84,38380,6281],{"class":94},[84,38382,38383],{"class":106}," 0\n",[84,38385,38386],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,38387,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38389,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,38391,91],{"class":90},[84,38393,95],{"class":94},[84,38395,3498],{"class":102},[84,38397,838],{"class":106},[84,38399,282],{"class":102},[84,38401,304],{"class":106},[84,38403,282],{"class":102},[84,38405,309],{"class":106},[84,38407,282],{"class":102},[84,38409,314],{"class":106},[84,38411,282],{"class":102},[84,38413,285],{"class":106},[84,38415,282],{"class":102},[84,38417,843],{"class":106},[84,38419,317],{"class":102},[84,38421,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38433,38435,38437],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,38423,2110],{"class":90},[84,38425,95],{"class":94},[84,38427,37524],{"class":98},[84,38429,103],{"class":102},[84,38431,38432],{"class":121},"is_even",[84,38434,282],{"class":102},[84,38436,4137],{"class":121},[84,38438,110],{"class":102},[84,38440,38441],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,38442,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38444,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,38446,116],{"class":98},[84,38448,103],{"class":102},[84,38450,140],{"class":139},[84,38452,103],{"class":102},[84,38454,2145],{"class":121},[84,38456,232],{"class":102},[24,38458,265],{},[75,38460,38462],{"className":77,"code":38461,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38463,38464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38465,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38467,292],{"class":102},[84,38469,568],{"class":106},[84,38471,282],{"class":102},[84,38473,314],{"class":106},[84,38475,282],{"class":102},[84,38477,843],{"class":106},[84,38479,317],{"class":102},[24,38481,532,38482,2279,38485,38487],{},[15,38483,38484],{},"is_even()",[15,38486,3481],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[70,38489,1442,38491,8582,38493],{"id":38490},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38492,3653],{},[15,38494,37447],{},[24,38496,38497,38498,38500],{},"You can pass ",[15,38499,3653],{}," as the first argument:",[75,38502,38504],{"className":77,"code":38503,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38505,38506],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38507,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38509,37472],{"class":98},[84,38511,103],{"class":102},[84,38513,3653],{"class":659},[84,38515,282],{"class":102},[84,38517,37735],{"class":121},[84,38519,110],{"class":102},[24,38521,38522,38523,7215],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[42,38524,5470],{},[24,38526,38527],{},"Falsy values include:",[33,38529,38530,38534,38539,38543],{},[36,38531,38532],{},[15,38533,279],{},[36,38535,38536,38538],{},[15,38537,3648],{}," (empty string)",[36,38540,38541],{},[15,38542,3653],{},[36,38544,38545],{},[15,38546,3548],{},[24,38548,190],{},[75,38550,38552],{"className":77,"code":38551,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38553,38554,38598,38602,38620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38555,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38557,7656],{"class":90},[84,38559,95],{"class":94},[84,38561,3498],{"class":102},[84,38563,279],{"class":106},[84,38565,282],{"class":102},[84,38567,299],{"class":106},[84,38569,282],{"class":102},[84,38571,5998],{"class":387},[84,38573,282],{"class":102},[84,38575,3230],{"class":387},[84,38577,3721],{"class":391},[84,38579,854],{"class":387},[84,38581,282],{"class":102},[84,38583,3728],{"class":659},[84,38585,282],{"class":102},[84,38587,3789],{"class":659},[84,38589,282],{"class":102},[84,38591,3780],{"class":659},[84,38593,282],{"class":102},[84,38595,285],{"class":106},[84,38597,317],{"class":102},[84,38599,38600],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38601,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38603,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,38605,2110],{"class":90},[84,38607,95],{"class":94},[84,38609,37524],{"class":98},[84,38611,103],{"class":102},[84,38613,3653],{"class":659},[84,38615,282],{"class":102},[84,38617,5839],{"class":121},[84,38619,110],{"class":102},[84,38621,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,38623,116],{"class":98},[84,38625,103],{"class":102},[84,38627,140],{"class":139},[84,38629,103],{"class":102},[84,38631,2145],{"class":121},[84,38633,232],{"class":102},[24,38635,265],{},[75,38637,38639],{"className":77,"code":38638,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38640,38641],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38642,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38644,292],{"class":102},[84,38646,838],{"class":106},[84,38648,282],{"class":102},[84,38650,388],{"class":387},[84,38652,3721],{"class":391},[84,38654,394],{"class":387},[84,38656,282],{"class":102},[84,38658,3789],{"class":659},[84,38660,282],{"class":102},[84,38662,285],{"class":106},[84,38664,317],{"class":102},[24,38666,38667],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[70,38669,792,38671],{"id":38670},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38672,37447],{},[24,38674,153,38675,38677],{},[15,38676,37447],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[24,38679,38680],{},"It works well for:",[33,38682,38683,38686,38689],{},[36,38684,38685],{},"simple filtering rules",[36,38687,38688],{},"quick data cleaning",[36,38690,38691],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[24,38693,190],{},[75,38695,38697],{"className":77,"code":38696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38698,38699,38731,38764,38768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38700,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38702,91],{"class":90},[84,38704,95],{"class":94},[84,38706,3498],{"class":102},[84,38708,838],{"class":106},[84,38710,282],{"class":102},[84,38712,304],{"class":106},[84,38714,282],{"class":102},[84,38716,309],{"class":106},[84,38718,282],{"class":102},[84,38720,314],{"class":106},[84,38722,282],{"class":102},[84,38724,285],{"class":106},[84,38726,282],{"class":102},[84,38728,843],{"class":106},[84,38730,317],{"class":102},[84,38732,38733,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38734,38735],{"class":90},"evens ",[84,38737,95],{"class":94},[84,38739,37524],{"class":98},[84,38741,103],{"class":102},[84,38743,37529],{"class":383},[84,38745,37533],{"class":37532},[84,38747,881],{"class":102},[84,38749,3755],{"class":121},[84,38751,6276],{"class":94},[84,38753,304],{"class":106},[84,38755,6281],{"class":94},[84,38757,3709],{"class":106},[84,38759,282],{"class":102},[84,38761,4137],{"class":121},[84,38763,110],{"class":102},[84,38765,38766],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,38767,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38769,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38781],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,38771,116],{"class":98},[84,38773,103],{"class":102},[84,38775,140],{"class":139},[84,38777,103],{"class":102},[84,38779,38780],{"class":121},"evens",[84,38782,232],{"class":102},[24,38784,265],{},[75,38786,38787],{"className":77,"code":38461,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,38788,38789],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38790,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38792,292],{"class":102},[84,38794,568],{"class":106},[84,38796,282],{"class":102},[84,38798,314],{"class":106},[84,38800,282],{"class":102},[84,38802,843],{"class":106},[84,38804,317],{"class":102},[24,38806,38807,38808,38810],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38809,440],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[75,38812,38814],{"className":77,"code":38813,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38815,38816,38848,38856,38860,38872,38888,38903,38907],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38817,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38819,91],{"class":90},[84,38821,95],{"class":94},[84,38823,3498],{"class":102},[84,38825,838],{"class":106},[84,38827,282],{"class":102},[84,38829,304],{"class":106},[84,38831,282],{"class":102},[84,38833,309],{"class":106},[84,38835,282],{"class":102},[84,38837,314],{"class":106},[84,38839,282],{"class":102},[84,38841,285],{"class":106},[84,38843,282],{"class":102},[84,38845,843],{"class":106},[84,38847,317],{"class":102},[84,38849,38850,38852,38854],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38851,38735],{"class":90},[84,38853,95],{"class":94},[84,38855,7716],{"class":102},[84,38857,38858],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,38859,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38861,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,38863,440],{"class":470},[84,38865,6259],{"class":90},[84,38867,476],{"class":470},[84,38869,4137],{"class":90},[84,38871,6266],{"class":102},[84,38873,38874,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,38875,6271],{"class":470},[84,38877,6259],{"class":90},[84,38879,6276],{"class":94},[84,38881,304],{"class":106},[84,38883,6281],{"class":94},[84,38885,3709],{"class":106},[84,38887,6266],{"class":102},[84,38889,38890,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,38891,38892],{"class":90},"        evens",[84,38894,425],{"class":102},[84,38896,998],{"class":121},[84,38898,103],{"class":102},[84,38900,2120],{"class":121},[84,38902,110],{"class":102},[84,38904,38905],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,38906,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,38908,38909,38911,38913,38915],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,38910,116],{"class":98},[84,38912,103],{"class":102},[84,38914,38780],{"class":121},[84,38916,110],{"class":102},[24,38918,265],{},[75,38920,38921],{"className":77,"code":38461,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,38922,38923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38924,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38926,292],{"class":102},[84,38928,568],{"class":106},[84,38930,282],{"class":102},[84,38932,314],{"class":106},[84,38934,282],{"class":102},[84,38936,843],{"class":106},[84,38938,317],{"class":102},[24,38940,38941],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[75,38943,38945],{"className":77,"code":38944,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38946,38947,38979,39012,39016],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38948,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38950,91],{"class":90},[84,38952,95],{"class":94},[84,38954,3498],{"class":102},[84,38956,838],{"class":106},[84,38958,282],{"class":102},[84,38960,304],{"class":106},[84,38962,282],{"class":102},[84,38964,309],{"class":106},[84,38966,282],{"class":102},[84,38968,314],{"class":106},[84,38970,282],{"class":102},[84,38972,285],{"class":106},[84,38974,282],{"class":102},[84,38976,843],{"class":106},[84,38978,317],{"class":102},[84,38980,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,38982,38735],{"class":90},[84,38984,95],{"class":94},[84,38986,3498],{"class":102},[84,38988,2097],{"class":90},[84,38990,440],{"class":470},[84,38992,6259],{"class":90},[84,38994,476],{"class":470},[84,38996,38997],{"class":90}," numbers ",[84,38999,6872],{"class":470},[84,39001,6259],{"class":90},[84,39003,6276],{"class":94},[84,39005,304],{"class":106},[84,39007,6281],{"class":94},[84,39009,3709],{"class":106},[84,39011,317],{"class":102},[84,39013,39014],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,39015,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,39017,39018,39020,39022,39024],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,39019,116],{"class":98},[84,39021,103],{"class":102},[84,39023,38780],{"class":121},[84,39025,110],{"class":102},[24,39027,265],{},[75,39029,39030],{"className":77,"code":38461,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,39031,39032],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39033,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39035,292],{"class":102},[84,39037,568],{"class":106},[84,39039,282],{"class":102},[84,39041,314],{"class":106},[84,39043,282],{"class":102},[84,39045,843],{"class":106},[84,39047,317],{"class":102},[24,39049,39050,39051,425],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[419,39052,39054],{"href":39053},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[70,39056,1434],{"id":1433},[24,39058,14617,39059,425],{},[15,39060,37447],{},[1667,39062,8329,39064,39066],{"id":39063},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39065,37447],{}," to return a list",[24,39068,39069],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[75,39071,39073],{"className":77,"code":39072,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39074,39075,39117],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39076,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39078,2110],{"class":90},[84,39080,95],{"class":94},[84,39082,37524],{"class":98},[84,39084,103],{"class":102},[84,39086,37529],{"class":383},[84,39088,37533],{"class":37532},[84,39090,881],{"class":102},[84,39092,3755],{"class":121},[84,39094,4126],{"class":94},[84,39096,304],{"class":106},[84,39098,282],{"class":102},[84,39100,3498],{"class":102},[84,39102,838],{"class":106},[84,39104,282],{"class":102},[84,39106,304],{"class":106},[84,39108,282],{"class":102},[84,39110,309],{"class":106},[84,39112,282],{"class":102},[84,39114,314],{"class":106},[84,39116,741],{"class":102},[84,39118,39119,39121,39123,39125],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39120,116],{"class":98},[84,39122,103],{"class":102},[84,39124,2145],{"class":121},[84,39126,110],{"class":102},[24,39128,39129],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[24,39131,39132],{},"Fix:",[75,39134,39136],{"className":77,"code":39135,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39137,39138,39180],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39139,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39141,2110],{"class":90},[84,39143,95],{"class":94},[84,39145,37524],{"class":98},[84,39147,103],{"class":102},[84,39149,37529],{"class":383},[84,39151,37533],{"class":37532},[84,39153,881],{"class":102},[84,39155,3755],{"class":121},[84,39157,4126],{"class":94},[84,39159,304],{"class":106},[84,39161,282],{"class":102},[84,39163,3498],{"class":102},[84,39165,838],{"class":106},[84,39167,282],{"class":102},[84,39169,304],{"class":106},[84,39171,282],{"class":102},[84,39173,309],{"class":106},[84,39175,282],{"class":102},[84,39177,314],{"class":106},[84,39179,741],{"class":102},[84,39181,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39183,116],{"class":98},[84,39185,103],{"class":102},[84,39187,140],{"class":139},[84,39189,103],{"class":102},[84,39191,2145],{"class":121},[84,39193,232],{"class":102},[1667,39195,39197,39198,2759,39200,39202],{"id":39196},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39199,3481],{},[15,39201,3548],{}," clearly",[24,39204,39205],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[24,39207,39208],{},"Good example:",[75,39210,39212],{"className":77,"code":39211,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39213,39214,39227],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39215,39216,39218,39221,39223,39225],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39217,34728],{"class":383},[84,39219,39220],{"class":34731}," is_positive",[84,39222,103],{"class":102},[84,39224,2120],{"class":37532},[84,39226,485],{"class":102},[84,39228,39229,39231,39233,39235],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39230,34739],{"class":470},[84,39232,6259],{"class":90},[84,39234,4126],{"class":94},[84,39236,38383],{"class":106},[24,39238,39239],{},"Then use it with:",[75,39241,39243],{"className":77,"code":39242,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39244,39245,39277],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39246,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39248,91],{"class":90},[84,39250,95],{"class":94},[84,39252,3498],{"class":102},[84,39254,1906],{"class":94},[84,39256,568],{"class":106},[84,39258,282],{"class":102},[84,39260,2102],{"class":94},[84,39262,838],{"class":106},[84,39264,282],{"class":102},[84,39266,3709],{"class":106},[84,39268,282],{"class":102},[84,39270,299],{"class":106},[84,39272,282],{"class":102},[84,39274,304],{"class":106},[84,39276,317],{"class":102},[84,39278,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39294,39296,39298],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39280,116],{"class":98},[84,39282,103],{"class":102},[84,39284,140],{"class":139},[84,39286,103],{"class":102},[84,39288,37472],{"class":98},[84,39290,103],{"class":102},[84,39292,39293],{"class":121},"is_positive",[84,39295,282],{"class":102},[84,39297,4137],{"class":121},[84,39299,345],{"class":102},[24,39301,265],{},[75,39303,39305],{"className":77,"code":39304,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39306,39307],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39308,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39310,292],{"class":102},[84,39312,838],{"class":106},[84,39314,282],{"class":102},[84,39316,304],{"class":106},[84,39318,317],{"class":102},[1667,39320,39322],{"id":39321},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[24,39324,39325],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[75,39327,39328],{"className":77,"code":38067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,39329,39330,39372,39376,39390],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39331,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39333,2110],{"class":90},[84,39335,95],{"class":94},[84,39337,37524],{"class":98},[84,39339,103],{"class":102},[84,39341,37529],{"class":383},[84,39343,37533],{"class":37532},[84,39345,881],{"class":102},[84,39347,3755],{"class":121},[84,39349,4126],{"class":94},[84,39351,304],{"class":106},[84,39353,282],{"class":102},[84,39355,3498],{"class":102},[84,39357,838],{"class":106},[84,39359,282],{"class":102},[84,39361,304],{"class":106},[84,39363,282],{"class":102},[84,39365,309],{"class":106},[84,39367,282],{"class":102},[84,39369,314],{"class":106},[84,39371,741],{"class":102},[84,39373,39374],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39375,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,39377,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,39379,116],{"class":98},[84,39381,103],{"class":102},[84,39383,140],{"class":139},[84,39385,103],{"class":102},[84,39387,2145],{"class":121},[84,39389,232],{"class":102},[84,39391,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,39393,116],{"class":98},[84,39395,103],{"class":102},[84,39397,140],{"class":139},[84,39399,103],{"class":102},[84,39401,2145],{"class":121},[84,39403,232],{"class":102},[24,39405,265],{},[75,39407,39408],{"className":77,"code":38148,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,39409,39410,39422],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39411,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39413,292],{"class":102},[84,39415,1162],{"class":106},[84,39417,282],{"class":102},[84,39419,314],{"class":106},[84,39421,317],{"class":102},[84,39423,39424],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39425,38167],{"class":102},[24,39427,39428],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[75,39430,39432],{"className":77,"code":39431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39433,39434,39480,39484,39494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39435,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39437,2110],{"class":90},[84,39439,95],{"class":94},[84,39441,220],{"class":139},[84,39443,103],{"class":102},[84,39445,37472],{"class":98},[84,39447,103],{"class":102},[84,39449,37529],{"class":383},[84,39451,37533],{"class":37532},[84,39453,881],{"class":102},[84,39455,3755],{"class":121},[84,39457,4126],{"class":94},[84,39459,304],{"class":106},[84,39461,282],{"class":102},[84,39463,3498],{"class":102},[84,39465,838],{"class":106},[84,39467,282],{"class":102},[84,39469,304],{"class":106},[84,39471,282],{"class":102},[84,39473,309],{"class":106},[84,39475,282],{"class":102},[84,39477,314],{"class":106},[84,39479,2878],{"class":102},[84,39481,39482],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39483,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,39485,39486,39488,39490,39492],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,39487,116],{"class":98},[84,39489,103],{"class":102},[84,39491,2145],{"class":121},[84,39493,110],{"class":102},[84,39495,39496,39498,39500,39502],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,39497,116],{"class":98},[84,39499,103],{"class":102},[84,39501,2145],{"class":121},[84,39503,110],{"class":102},[1667,39505,39507],{"id":39506},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[24,39509,39510],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[24,39512,16526],{},[75,39514,39516],{"className":77,"code":39515,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39517,39518],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39519,39520],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39521,39515],{"class":128},[24,39523,39524,39525,6425],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39526,2212],{},[24,39528,16538],{},[75,39530,39532],{"className":77,"code":39531,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39533,39534],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39535,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39537,116],{"class":98},[84,39539,103],{"class":102},[84,39541,140],{"class":139},[84,39543,103],{"class":102},[84,39545,37472],{"class":98},[84,39547,103],{"class":102},[84,39549,37529],{"class":383},[84,39551,37533],{"class":37532},[84,39553,881],{"class":102},[84,39555,3755],{"class":121},[84,39557,4126],{"class":94},[84,39559,304],{"class":106},[84,39561,282],{"class":102},[84,39563,3498],{"class":102},[84,39565,838],{"class":106},[84,39567,282],{"class":102},[84,39569,304],{"class":106},[84,39571,282],{"class":102},[84,39573,309],{"class":106},[84,39575,282],{"class":102},[84,39577,314],{"class":106},[84,39579,37137],{"class":102},[1667,39581,37076,39583,8582,39585],{"id":39582},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39584,37447],{},[15,39586,39587],{},"map()",[33,39589,39590,39595],{},[36,39591,39592,39594],{},[15,39593,37447],{}," keeps or removes items",[36,39596,39597,39599],{},[15,39598,39587],{}," changes each item into a new value",[24,39601,39602,39603,881],{},"Example of ",[15,39604,37447],{},[75,39606,39608],{"className":77,"code":39607,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39609,39610,39634],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39611,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39613,91],{"class":90},[84,39615,95],{"class":94},[84,39617,3498],{"class":102},[84,39619,838],{"class":106},[84,39621,282],{"class":102},[84,39623,304],{"class":106},[84,39625,282],{"class":102},[84,39627,309],{"class":106},[84,39629,282],{"class":102},[84,39631,314],{"class":106},[84,39633,317],{"class":102},[84,39635,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39637,116],{"class":98},[84,39639,103],{"class":102},[84,39641,140],{"class":139},[84,39643,103],{"class":102},[84,39645,37472],{"class":98},[84,39647,103],{"class":102},[84,39649,37529],{"class":383},[84,39651,37533],{"class":37532},[84,39653,881],{"class":102},[84,39655,3755],{"class":121},[84,39657,4126],{"class":94},[84,39659,304],{"class":106},[84,39661,282],{"class":102},[84,39663,4137],{"class":121},[84,39665,345],{"class":102},[24,39667,265],{},[75,39669,39671],{"className":77,"code":39670,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39672,39673],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39674,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39676,292],{"class":102},[84,39678,1162],{"class":106},[84,39680,282],{"class":102},[84,39682,314],{"class":106},[84,39684,317],{"class":102},[24,39686,39602,39687,881],{},[15,39688,39587],{},[75,39690,39692],{"className":77,"code":39691,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39693,39694,39718],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39695,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39697,91],{"class":90},[84,39699,95],{"class":94},[84,39701,3498],{"class":102},[84,39703,838],{"class":106},[84,39705,282],{"class":102},[84,39707,304],{"class":106},[84,39709,282],{"class":102},[84,39711,309],{"class":106},[84,39713,282],{"class":102},[84,39715,314],{"class":106},[84,39717,317],{"class":102},[84,39719,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39744,39746,39748,39750],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,39721,116],{"class":98},[84,39723,103],{"class":102},[84,39725,140],{"class":139},[84,39727,103],{"class":102},[84,39729,39730],{"class":98},"map",[84,39732,103],{"class":102},[84,39734,37529],{"class":383},[84,39736,37533],{"class":37532},[84,39738,881],{"class":102},[84,39740,3755],{"class":121},[84,39742,39743],{"class":94},"*",[84,39745,304],{"class":106},[84,39747,282],{"class":102},[84,39749,4137],{"class":121},[84,39751,345],{"class":102},[24,39753,265],{},[75,39755,39757],{"className":77,"code":39756,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39758,39759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39760,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39762,292],{"class":102},[84,39764,568],{"class":106},[84,39766,282],{"class":102},[84,39768,314],{"class":106},[84,39770,282],{"class":102},[84,39772,843],{"class":106},[84,39774,282],{"class":102},[84,39776,6232],{"class":106},[84,39778,317],{"class":102},[24,39780,39781,39782,425],{},"For the related function, see ",[419,39783,13,39785,424],{"href":39784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39786,39587],{},[70,39788,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,39790,12586,39792,39794],{"id":39791},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39793,37447],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[24,39796,39797,39798,39800],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39799,788],{}," if needed.",[1667,39802,39804,39805,39807],{"id":39803},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39806,37447],{}," need to return?",[24,39809,37752,39810,39812,39813,39815],{},[15,39811,3481],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39814,3548],{}," to remove it.",[1667,39817,28205,39819,39821],{"id":39818},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39820,37447],{}," without lambda?",[24,39823,39824],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1667,39826,5016,39828,39831],{"id":39827},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39829,39830],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[24,39833,39834,39835,39837,39838,16954,39840,425],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39836,279],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39839,3653],{},[15,39841,3548],{},[1667,39843,21303,39845,39847],{"id":39844},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39846,37447],{}," or a list comprehension?",[24,39849,39850,39851,39853],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39852,440],{}," loops easier to read.",[24,39855,39856],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[33,39858,39859,39865,39871],{},[36,39860,39861,39862,39864],{},"use ",[15,39863,37447],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[36,39866,39867,39868,39870],{},"use a ",[15,39869,440],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[36,39872,39873],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[24,39875,39876,39877,425],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[419,39878,5006],{"href":39879},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[70,39881,1777],{"id":1776},[33,39883,39884,39889,39893,39898,39904],{},[36,39885,39886],{},[419,39887,39888],{"href":38324},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[36,39890,39891],{},[419,39892,5095],{"href":39879},[36,39894,39895],{},[419,39896,39897],{"href":39053},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[36,39899,39900],{},[419,39901,13,39902,424],{"href":39784},[15,39903,39587],{},[36,39905,39906],{},[419,39907,5090],{"href":5460},[1814,39909,39910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":39912},[39913,39914,39916,39920,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39941,39953],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":37579,"depth":113,"text":39915},"What filter() does",{"id":37713,"depth":113,"text":37714,"children":39917},[39918,39919],{"id":37730,"depth":132,"text":37730},{"id":3595,"depth":132,"text":3595},{"id":37889,"depth":113,"text":37890,"children":39921},[39922],{"id":38060,"depth":132,"text":38061},{"id":38173,"depth":113,"text":39924},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38328,"depth":113,"text":39926},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38490,"depth":113,"text":39928},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38670,"depth":113,"text":39930},"When to use filter()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":39932},[39933,39935,39937,39938,39939],{"id":39063,"depth":132,"text":39934},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39196,"depth":132,"text":39936},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39321,"depth":132,"text":39322},{"id":39506,"depth":132,"text":39507},{"id":39582,"depth":132,"text":39940},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":39942},[39943,39945,39947,39949,39951],{"id":39791,"depth":132,"text":39944},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39803,"depth":132,"text":39946},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39818,"depth":132,"text":39948},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39827,"depth":132,"text":39950},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39844,"depth":132,"text":39952},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37439,"description":39954},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39961,"title":39962,"body":39963,"description":42116,"extension":1845,"meta":42117,"navigation":237,"path":42118,"seo":42119,"stem":42120,"__hash__":42121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39964,"toc":42070},[39965,39968,39973,39979,39981,40033,40035,40054,40059,40063,40068,40071,40086,40089,40111,40113,40162,40164,40188,40190,40192,40207,40212,40220,40235,40237,40246,40249,40284,40288,40293,40297,40304,40339,40341,40357,40361,40364,40405,40407,40421,40425,40428,40452,40454,40463,40467,40470,40503,40505,40518,40522,40528,40547,40549,40557,40561,40566,40570,40576,40599,40601,40630,40633,40652,40656,40659,40686,40688,40722,40726,40729,40753,40757,40768,40770,40775,40781,40783,40867,40869,40911,40914,40918,40925,40934,40990,40997,41006,41011,41015,41086,41088,41097,41101,41104,41148,41150,41159,41163,41169,41219,41223,41228,41232,41256,41258,41267,41271,41295,41297,41308,41312,41336,41338,41347,41350,41367,41373,41377,41383,41386,41391,41394,41415,41417,41449,41452,41457,41459,41470,41472,41516,41520,41527,41579,41581,41590,41594,41597,41690,41693,41717,41721,41724,41816,41821,41825,41832,41837,41861,41863,41872,41877,41900,41902,41910,41917,41940,41948,41950,41963,41973,41975,41979,41986,41990,41999,42003,42010,42014,42018,42022,42035,42037,42067],[10,39966,39962],{"id":39967},"python-float-function-explained",[24,39969,9001,39970,39972],{},[15,39971,2765],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[24,39974,39975,39976,39978],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39977,2765],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[70,39980,1887],{"id":1886},[75,39982,39984],{"className":77,"code":39983,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39985,39986,40000,40019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39987,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39989,116],{"class":98},[84,39991,103],{"class":102},[84,39993,2073],{"class":139},[84,39995,103],{"class":102},[84,39997,107],{"class":106},[84,39999,232],{"class":102},[84,40001,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40015,40017],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40003,116],{"class":98},[84,40005,103],{"class":102},[84,40007,2073],{"class":139},[84,40009,103],{"class":102},[84,40011,854],{"class":387},[84,40013,40014],{"class":391},"3.14",[84,40016,854],{"class":387},[84,40018,232],{"class":102},[84,40020,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029,40031],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,40022,116],{"class":98},[84,40024,103],{"class":102},[84,40026,2073],{"class":139},[84,40028,103],{"class":102},[84,40030,3481],{"class":659},[84,40032,232],{"class":102},[24,40034,265],{},[75,40036,40038],{"className":77,"code":40037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40039,40040,40044,40049],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40041,40042],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40043,2361],{"class":106},[84,40045,40046],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40047,40048],{"class":106},"3.14\n",[84,40050,40051],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,40052,40053],{"class":106},"1.0\n",[24,40055,153,40056,40058],{},[15,40057,2765],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[70,40060,40062],{"id":40061},"what-float-does","What float() does",[24,40064,40065,40067],{},[15,40066,2765],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[24,40069,40070],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[33,40072,40073,40077,40081],{},[36,40074,40075],{},[15,40076,2373],{},[36,40078,40079],{},[15,40080,40014],{},[36,40082,40083],{},[15,40084,40085],{},"0.5",[24,40087,40088],{},"A few key points:",[33,40090,40091,40098,40101,40104],{},[36,40092,40093,40095,40096],{},[15,40094,2765],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40097,2073],{},[36,40099,40100],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[36,40102,40103],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[36,40105,40106,40107],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[419,40108,40109],{"href":8096},[15,40110,2837],{},[24,40112,190],{},[75,40114,40116],{"className":77,"code":40115,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40117,40118,40138,40148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40119,40120,40122,40124,40127,40129,40131,40134,40136],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40121,2097],{"class":90},[84,40123,95],{"class":94},[84,40125,40126],{"class":139}," float",[84,40128,103],{"class":102},[84,40130,854],{"class":387},[84,40132,40133],{"class":391},"2.75",[84,40135,854],{"class":387},[84,40137,110],{"class":102},[84,40139,40140,40142,40144,40146],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40141,116],{"class":98},[84,40143,103],{"class":102},[84,40145,2120],{"class":121},[84,40147,110],{"class":102},[84,40149,40150,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,40151,116],{"class":98},[84,40153,103],{"class":102},[84,40155,334],{"class":139},[84,40157,103],{"class":102},[84,40159,2120],{"class":121},[84,40161,232],{"class":102},[24,40163,265],{},[75,40165,40167],{"className":77,"code":40166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40168,40169,40174],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40170,40171],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40172,40173],{"class":106},"2.75\n",[84,40175,40176,40178,40180,40182,40184,40186],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40177,380],{"class":94},[84,40179,384],{"class":383},[84,40181,388],{"class":387},[84,40183,2073],{"class":391},[84,40185,394],{"class":387},[84,40187,397],{"class":94},[70,40189,2038],{"id":2037},[24,40191,7093],{},[75,40193,40195],{"className":77,"code":40194,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"float(value)\n",[15,40196,40197],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40198,40199,40201,40203,40205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40200,2073],{"class":139},[84,40202,103],{"class":102},[84,40204,2354],{"class":121},[84,40206,110],{"class":102},[24,40208,40209,40210,425],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40211,2765],{},[24,40213,40214,40215,40217,40218,881],{},"If you call ",[15,40216,2765],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40219,3643],{},[75,40221,40223],{"className":77,"code":40222,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float())\n",[15,40224,40225],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40226,40227,40229,40231,40233],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40228,116],{"class":98},[84,40230,103],{"class":102},[84,40232,2073],{"class":139},[84,40234,7069],{"class":102},[24,40236,265],{},[75,40238,40240],{"className":77,"code":40239,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0.0\n",[15,40241,40242],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40243,40244],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40245,40239],{"class":106},[24,40247,40248],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[75,40250,40252],{"className":77,"code":40251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40253,40254,40274],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40255,40256,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40270,40272],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40257,40258],{"class":90},"price ",[84,40260,95],{"class":94},[84,40262,40126],{"class":139},[84,40264,103],{"class":102},[84,40266,854],{"class":387},[84,40268,40269],{"class":391},"19.99",[84,40271,854],{"class":387},[84,40273,110],{"class":102},[84,40275,40276,40278,40280,40282],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40277,116],{"class":98},[84,40279,103],{"class":102},[84,40281,25028],{"class":121},[84,40283,110],{"class":102},[70,40285,40287],{"id":40286},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[24,40289,40290,40292],{},[15,40291,2765],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1667,40294,40296],{"id":40295},"integers","Integers",[24,40298,40299,40300,40303],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40301,40302],{},".0"," added:",[75,40305,40307],{"className":77,"code":40306,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40308,40309,40323],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40310,40311,40313,40315,40317,40319,40321],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40312,116],{"class":98},[84,40314,103],{"class":102},[84,40316,2073],{"class":139},[84,40318,103],{"class":102},[84,40320,107],{"class":106},[84,40322,232],{"class":102},[84,40324,40325,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335,40337],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40326,116],{"class":98},[84,40328,103],{"class":102},[84,40330,2073],{"class":139},[84,40332,103],{"class":102},[84,40334,1906],{"class":94},[84,40336,568],{"class":106},[84,40338,232],{"class":102},[24,40340,265],{},[75,40342,40344],{"className":77,"code":40343,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40345,40346,40350],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40347,40348],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40349,2361],{"class":106},[84,40351,40352,40354],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40353,1906],{"class":94},[84,40355,40356],{"class":106},"2.0\n",[1667,40358,40360],{"id":40359},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[24,40362,40363],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[75,40365,40367],{"className":77,"code":40366,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40368,40369,40387],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40370,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40372,116],{"class":98},[84,40374,103],{"class":102},[84,40376,2073],{"class":139},[84,40378,103],{"class":102},[84,40380,854],{"class":387},[84,40382,40014],{"class":391},[84,40384,854],{"class":387},[84,40386,232],{"class":102},[84,40388,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40390,116],{"class":98},[84,40392,103],{"class":102},[84,40394,2073],{"class":139},[84,40396,103],{"class":102},[84,40398,854],{"class":387},[84,40400,2212],{"class":391},[84,40402,854],{"class":387},[84,40404,232],{"class":102},[24,40406,265],{},[75,40408,40410],{"className":77,"code":40409,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40411,40412,40416],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40413,40414],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40415,40048],{"class":106},[84,40417,40418],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40419,40420],{"class":106},"10.0\n",[1667,40422,40424],{"id":40423},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[24,40426,40427],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[75,40429,40431],{"className":77,"code":40430,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40432,40433],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40434,40435,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445,40448,40450],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40436,116],{"class":98},[84,40438,103],{"class":102},[84,40440,2073],{"class":139},[84,40442,103],{"class":102},[84,40444,854],{"class":387},[84,40446,40447],{"class":391},"  8.5  ",[84,40449,854],{"class":387},[84,40451,232],{"class":102},[24,40453,265],{},[75,40455,40457],{"className":77,"code":40456,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8.5\n",[15,40458,40459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40460,40461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40462,40456],{"class":106},[1667,40464,40466],{"id":40465},"booleans","Booleans",[24,40468,40469],{},"Boolean values also work:",[75,40471,40473],{"className":77,"code":40472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40474,40475,40489],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40476,40477,40479,40481,40483,40485,40487],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40478,116],{"class":98},[84,40480,103],{"class":102},[84,40482,2073],{"class":139},[84,40484,103],{"class":102},[84,40486,3481],{"class":659},[84,40488,232],{"class":102},[84,40490,40491,40493,40495,40497,40499,40501],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40492,116],{"class":98},[84,40494,103],{"class":102},[84,40496,2073],{"class":139},[84,40498,103],{"class":102},[84,40500,3548],{"class":659},[84,40502,232],{"class":102},[24,40504,265],{},[75,40506,40508],{"className":77,"code":40507,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40509,40510,40514],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40511,40512],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40513,40053],{"class":106},[84,40515,40516],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40517,40239],{"class":106},[1667,40519,40521],{"id":40520},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[24,40523,40524,40525,40527],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40526,2765],{}," returns a float version of it:",[75,40529,40531],{"className":77,"code":40530,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40532,40533],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40534,40535,40537,40539,40541,40543,40545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40536,116],{"class":98},[84,40538,103],{"class":102},[84,40540,2073],{"class":139},[84,40542,103],{"class":102},[84,40544,2244],{"class":106},[84,40546,232],{"class":102},[24,40548,265],{},[75,40550,40551],{"className":77,"code":2268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,40552,40553],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40554,40555],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40556,2268],{"class":106},[70,40558,40560],{"id":40559},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[24,40562,40563,40564,425],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40565,2765],{},[1667,40567,40569],{"id":40568},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[24,40571,40572,40573,881],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40574,40575],{},"ValueError",[75,40577,40579],{"className":77,"code":40578,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40580,40581],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40582,40583,40585,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595,40597],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40584,116],{"class":98},[84,40586,103],{"class":102},[84,40588,2073],{"class":139},[84,40590,103],{"class":102},[84,40592,854],{"class":387},[84,40594,3721],{"class":391},[84,40596,854],{"class":387},[84,40598,232],{"class":102},[24,40600,29557],{},[75,40602,40604],{"className":77,"code":40603,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40605,40606],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40607,40608,40610,40612,40615,40617,40620,40622,40624,40626,40628],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40609,40575],{"class":139},[84,40611,881],{"class":102},[84,40613,40614],{"class":90}," could ",[84,40616,1367],{"class":94},[84,40618,40619],{"class":90}," convert string to ",[84,40621,2073],{"class":139},[84,40623,881],{"class":102},[84,40625,388],{"class":387},[84,40627,3721],{"class":391},[84,40629,1257],{"class":387},[24,40631,40632],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[75,40634,40636],{"className":77,"code":40635,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40637,40638],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40639,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40641,116],{"class":98},[84,40643,103],{"class":102},[84,40645,2073],{"class":139},[84,40647,103],{"class":102},[84,40649,6144],{"class":387},[84,40651,232],{"class":102},[1667,40653,40655],{"id":40654},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[24,40657,40658],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[75,40660,40662],{"className":77,"code":40661,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40663,40664],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40665,40666,40668,40670,40672,40674,40676,40678,40680,40682,40684],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40667,116],{"class":98},[84,40669,103],{"class":102},[84,40671,2073],{"class":139},[84,40673,2865],{"class":102},[84,40675,838],{"class":106},[84,40677,282],{"class":102},[84,40679,304],{"class":106},[84,40681,282],{"class":102},[84,40683,309],{"class":106},[84,40685,2878],{"class":102},[24,40687,29557],{},[75,40689,40691],{"className":77,"code":40690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40692,40693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40694,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703,40706,40709,40712,40714,40716,40718,40720],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40696,2884],{"class":139},[84,40698,881],{"class":102},[84,40700,40126],{"class":139},[84,40702,7241],{"class":102},[84,40704,40705],{"class":90}," argument must be a string ",[84,40707,40708],{"class":94},"or",[84,40710,40711],{"class":90}," a real number",[84,40713,282],{"class":102},[84,40715,7976],{"class":94},[84,40717,388],{"class":387},[84,40719,140],{"class":391},[84,40721,1257],{"class":387},[1667,40723,40725],{"id":40724},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[24,40727,40728],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[75,40730,40732],{"className":77,"code":40731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40733,40734],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40735,40736,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746,40749,40751],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40737,116],{"class":98},[84,40739,103],{"class":102},[84,40741,2073],{"class":139},[84,40743,103],{"class":102},[84,40745,854],{"class":387},[84,40747,40748],{"class":391},"3,14",[84,40750,854],{"class":387},[84,40752,232],{"class":102},[24,40754,2881,40755,425],{},[15,40756,40575],{},[24,40758,40759,40760,28,40764,425],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[419,40761,40763],{"href":40762},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[419,40765,40767],{"href":40766},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[70,40769,17301],{"id":17300},[24,40771,40772,40774],{},[15,40773,2765],{}," returns a new float value.",[24,40776,40777,40778,40780],{},"It does ",[42,40779,1367],{}," change the original value in place.",[24,40782,190],{},[75,40784,40786],{"className":77,"code":40785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40787,40788,40801,40815,40819,40829,40839,40853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40789,40790,40792,40794,40796,40799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40791,34565],{"class":90},[84,40793,95],{"class":94},[84,40795,3230],{"class":387},[84,40797,40798],{"class":391},"6.5",[84,40800,3236],{"class":387},[84,40802,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40804,2097],{"class":90},[84,40806,95],{"class":94},[84,40808,40126],{"class":139},[84,40810,103],{"class":102},[84,40812,34586],{"class":121},[84,40814,110],{"class":102},[84,40816,40817],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,40818,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,40820,40821,40823,40825,40827],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,40822,116],{"class":98},[84,40824,103],{"class":102},[84,40826,34586],{"class":121},[84,40828,110],{"class":102},[84,40830,40831,40833,40835,40837],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,40832,116],{"class":98},[84,40834,103],{"class":102},[84,40836,2120],{"class":121},[84,40838,110],{"class":102},[84,40840,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,40842,116],{"class":98},[84,40844,103],{"class":102},[84,40846,334],{"class":139},[84,40848,103],{"class":102},[84,40850,34586],{"class":121},[84,40852,232],{"class":102},[84,40854,40855,40857,40859,40861,40863,40865],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,40856,116],{"class":98},[84,40858,103],{"class":102},[84,40860,334],{"class":139},[84,40862,103],{"class":102},[84,40864,2120],{"class":121},[84,40866,232],{"class":102},[24,40868,265],{},[75,40870,40872],{"className":77,"code":40871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40873,40874,40879,40883,40897],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40875,40876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40877,40878],{"class":106},"6.5\n",[84,40880,40881],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40882,40878],{"class":106},[84,40884,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893,40895],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,40886,380],{"class":94},[84,40888,384],{"class":383},[84,40890,388],{"class":387},[84,40892,3321],{"class":391},[84,40894,394],{"class":387},[84,40896,397],{"class":94},[84,40898,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907,40909],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,40900,380],{"class":94},[84,40902,384],{"class":383},[84,40904,388],{"class":387},[84,40906,2073],{"class":391},[84,40908,394],{"class":387},[84,40910,397],{"class":94},[24,40912,40913],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[70,40915,40917],{"id":40916},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1667,40919,40921,40922,40924],{"id":40920},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40923,2837],{}," text into a decimal number",[24,40926,1862,40927,40931,40932,425],{},[419,40928,40929,2184],{"href":8096},[15,40930,2837],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40933,2765],{},[75,40935,40937],{"className":77,"code":40936,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40938,40939,40958,40972,40976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40940,40941,40943,40945,40947,40949,40951,40954,40956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40942,8114],{"class":90},[84,40944,95],{"class":94},[84,40946,8119],{"class":98},[84,40948,103],{"class":102},[84,40950,854],{"class":387},[84,40952,40953],{"class":391},"Enter a price: ",[84,40955,854],{"class":387},[84,40957,110],{"class":102},[84,40959,40960,40962,40964,40966,40968,40970],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,40961,40258],{"class":90},[84,40963,95],{"class":94},[84,40965,40126],{"class":139},[84,40967,103],{"class":102},[84,40969,8143],{"class":121},[84,40971,110],{"class":102},[84,40973,40974],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,40975,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,40977,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40988],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,40979,116],{"class":98},[84,40981,103],{"class":102},[84,40983,40258],{"class":121},[84,40985,39743],{"class":94},[84,40987,304],{"class":106},[84,40989,110],{"class":102},[24,40991,40992,40993,40996],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40994,40995],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[75,40998,41000],{"className":77,"code":40999,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"9.0\n",[15,41001,41002],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41003,41004],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41005,40999],{"class":106},[24,41007,41008,41009,425],{},"For more help with this, see ",[419,41010,8859],{"href":8858},[1667,41012,41014],{"id":41013},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[75,41016,41018],{"className":77,"code":41017,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41019,41020,41033,41046,41050,41075],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41021,41022,41024,41026,41028,41031],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41023,2436],{"class":90},[84,41025,95],{"class":94},[84,41027,3230],{"class":387},[84,41029,41030],{"class":391},"2.5",[84,41032,3236],{"class":387},[84,41034,41035,41037,41039,41041,41044],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41036,2463],{"class":90},[84,41038,95],{"class":94},[84,41040,3230],{"class":387},[84,41042,41043],{"class":391},"1.5",[84,41045,3236],{"class":387},[84,41047,41048],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,41049,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,41051,41052,41055,41057,41059,41061,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071,41073],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,41053,41054],{"class":90},"total ",[84,41056,95],{"class":94},[84,41058,40126],{"class":139},[84,41060,103],{"class":102},[84,41062,419],{"class":121},[84,41064,125],{"class":102},[84,41066,2336],{"class":94},[84,41068,40126],{"class":139},[84,41070,103],{"class":102},[84,41072,4634],{"class":121},[84,41074,110],{"class":102},[84,41076,41077,41079,41081,41084],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,41078,116],{"class":98},[84,41080,103],{"class":102},[84,41082,41083],{"class":121},"total",[84,41085,110],{"class":102},[24,41087,265],{},[75,41089,41091],{"className":77,"code":41090,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4.0\n",[15,41092,41093],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41094,41095],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41096,41090],{"class":106},[1667,41098,41100],{"id":41099},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[24,41102,41103],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[75,41105,41107],{"className":77,"code":41106,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41108,41109,41119,41134,41138],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41110,41111,41114,41116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41112,41113],{"class":90},"count ",[84,41115,95],{"class":94},[84,41117,41118],{"class":106}," 7\n",[84,41120,41121,41123,41125,41127,41129,41132],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41122,2110],{"class":90},[84,41124,95],{"class":94},[84,41126,40126],{"class":139},[84,41128,103],{"class":102},[84,41130,41131],{"class":121},"count",[84,41133,110],{"class":102},[84,41135,41136],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,41137,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,41139,41140,41142,41144,41146],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,41141,116],{"class":98},[84,41143,103],{"class":102},[84,41145,2145],{"class":121},[84,41147,110],{"class":102},[24,41149,265],{},[75,41151,41153],{"className":77,"code":41152,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7.0\n",[15,41154,41155],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41156,41157],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41158,41152],{"class":106},[1667,41160,41162],{"id":41161},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[24,41164,41165,41166,41168],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41167,2765],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[75,41170,41172],{"className":77,"code":41171,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41173,41174,41188,41204,41208],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41175,41176,41179,41181,41183,41186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41177,41178],{"class":90},"temperature_text ",[84,41180,95],{"class":94},[84,41182,3230],{"class":387},[84,41184,41185],{"class":391},"21.8",[84,41187,3236],{"class":387},[84,41189,41190,41193,41195,41197,41199,41202],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41191,41192],{"class":90},"temperature ",[84,41194,95],{"class":94},[84,41196,40126],{"class":139},[84,41198,103],{"class":102},[84,41200,41201],{"class":121},"temperature_text",[84,41203,110],{"class":102},[84,41205,41206],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,41207,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,41209,41210,41212,41214,41217],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,41211,116],{"class":98},[84,41213,103],{"class":102},[84,41215,41216],{"class":121},"temperature",[84,41218,110],{"class":102},[70,41220,41222],{"id":41221},"special-values","Special values",[24,41224,41225,41227],{},[15,41226,2765],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1667,41229,41231],{"id":41230},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[75,41233,41235],{"className":77,"code":41234,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41236,41237],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41238,41239,41241,41243,41245,41247,41249,41252,41254],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41240,116],{"class":98},[84,41242,103],{"class":102},[84,41244,2073],{"class":139},[84,41246,103],{"class":102},[84,41248,854],{"class":387},[84,41250,41251],{"class":391},"inf",[84,41253,854],{"class":387},[84,41255,232],{"class":102},[24,41257,265],{},[75,41259,41261],{"className":77,"code":41260,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"inf\n",[15,41262,41263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41264,41265],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41266,41260],{"class":90},[1667,41268,41270],{"id":41269},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[75,41272,41274],{"className":77,"code":41273,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41275,41276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41277,41278,41280,41282,41284,41286,41288,41291,41293],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41279,116],{"class":98},[84,41281,103],{"class":102},[84,41283,2073],{"class":139},[84,41285,103],{"class":102},[84,41287,854],{"class":387},[84,41289,41290],{"class":391},"-inf",[84,41292,854],{"class":387},[84,41294,232],{"class":102},[24,41296,265],{},[75,41298,41300],{"className":77,"code":41299,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-inf\n",[15,41301,41302],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41303,41304,41306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41305,1906],{"class":94},[84,41307,41260],{"class":90},[1667,41309,41311],{"id":41310},"not-a-number","Not a number",[75,41313,41315],{"className":77,"code":41314,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41316,41317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41318,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41332,41334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41320,116],{"class":98},[84,41322,103],{"class":102},[84,41324,2073],{"class":139},[84,41326,103],{"class":102},[84,41328,854],{"class":387},[84,41330,41331],{"class":391},"nan",[84,41333,854],{"class":387},[84,41335,232],{"class":102},[24,41337,265],{},[75,41339,41341],{"className":77,"code":41340,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nan\n",[15,41342,41343],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41344,41345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41346,41340],{"class":90},[24,41348,41349],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[33,41351,41352,41357,41362],{},[36,41353,41354,41356],{},[15,41355,41251],{}," means positive infinity",[36,41358,41359,41361],{},[15,41360,41290],{}," means negative infinity",[36,41363,41364,41366],{},[15,41365,41331],{}," means “not a number”",[24,41368,41369,41370,41372],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41371,2765],{}," accepts them.",[70,41374,41376],{"id":41375},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[24,41378,41379,41380,41382],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41381,2765],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1667,41384,40575],{"id":41385},"valueerror",[24,41387,15072,41388,41390],{},[15,41389,40575],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[24,41392,41393],{},"Common causes:",[33,41395,41396,41402,41405,41408],{},[36,41397,41398,41399],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41400,41401],{},"\"abc\"",[36,41403,41404],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[36,41406,41407],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[36,41409,4577,41410],{},[419,41411,41412,41414],{"href":8096},[15,41413,2837],{}," returns a string",[24,41416,190],{},[75,41418,41420],{"className":77,"code":41419,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41421,41422,41435],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41423,41424,41426,41428,41430,41433],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41425,2329],{"class":90},[84,41427,95],{"class":94},[84,41429,3230],{"class":387},[84,41431,41432],{"class":391},"abc",[84,41434,3236],{"class":387},[84,41436,41437,41439,41441,41443,41445,41447],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41438,116],{"class":98},[84,41440,103],{"class":102},[84,41442,2073],{"class":139},[84,41444,103],{"class":102},[84,41446,2354],{"class":121},[84,41448,232],{"class":102},[1667,41450,2884],{"id":41451},"typeerror",[24,41453,15072,41454,41456],{},[15,41455,2884],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[24,41458,41393],{},[33,41460,41461,41464,41467],{},[36,41462,41463],{},"Passing a list",[36,41465,41466],{},"Passing a dictionary",[36,41468,41469],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[24,41471,190],{},[75,41473,41475],{"className":77,"code":41474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41476,41477,41502],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41478,41479,41481,41483,41485,41487,41489,41491,41493,41495,41498,41500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41480,2329],{"class":90},[84,41482,95],{"class":94},[84,41484,10371],{"class":102},[84,41486,854],{"class":387},[84,41488,25028],{"class":391},[84,41490,854],{"class":387},[84,41492,881],{"class":102},[84,41494,3230],{"class":387},[84,41496,41497],{"class":391},"9.99",[84,41499,854],{"class":387},[84,41501,9188],{"class":102},[84,41503,41504,41506,41508,41510,41512,41514],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41505,116],{"class":98},[84,41507,103],{"class":102},[84,41509,2073],{"class":139},[84,41511,103],{"class":102},[84,41513,2354],{"class":121},[84,41515,232],{"class":102},[1667,41517,41519],{"id":41518},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[24,41521,41522,41523,41526],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41524,41525],{},"strip()"," can help:",[75,41528,41530],{"className":77,"code":41529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41531,41532,41545,41560,41564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41533,41534,41536,41538,41540,41543],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41535,2329],{"class":90},[84,41537,95],{"class":94},[84,41539,3230],{"class":387},[84,41541,41542],{"class":391},"  7.25  ",[84,41544,3236],{"class":387},[84,41546,41547,41550,41552,41554,41556,41558],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41548,41549],{"class":90},"clean_value ",[84,41551,95],{"class":94},[84,41553,8309],{"class":90},[84,41555,425],{"class":102},[84,41557,8511],{"class":121},[84,41559,8520],{"class":102},[84,41561,41562],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,41563,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,41565,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574,41577],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,41567,116],{"class":98},[84,41569,103],{"class":102},[84,41571,2073],{"class":139},[84,41573,103],{"class":102},[84,41575,41576],{"class":121},"clean_value",[84,41578,232],{"class":102},[24,41580,265],{},[75,41582,41584],{"className":77,"code":41583,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7.25\n",[15,41585,41586],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41587,41588],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41589,41583],{"class":106},[1667,41591,41593],{"id":41592},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[24,41595,41596],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[75,41598,41600],{"className":77,"code":41599,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41601,41602,41615,41619,41629,41643,41658,41662,41676],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41603,41604,41606,41608,41610,41613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41605,2329],{"class":90},[84,41607,95],{"class":94},[84,41609,3230],{"class":387},[84,41611,41612],{"class":391}," 3.5 ",[84,41614,3236],{"class":387},[84,41616,41617],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41618,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,41620,41621,41623,41625,41627],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,41622,116],{"class":98},[84,41624,103],{"class":102},[84,41626,2354],{"class":121},[84,41628,110],{"class":102},[84,41630,41631,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,41632,116],{"class":98},[84,41634,103],{"class":102},[84,41636,334],{"class":139},[84,41638,103],{"class":102},[84,41640,2354],{"class":121},[84,41642,232],{"class":102},[84,41644,41645,41647,41649,41652,41654,41656],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,41646,116],{"class":98},[84,41648,103],{"class":102},[84,41650,41651],{"class":98},"repr",[84,41653,103],{"class":102},[84,41655,2354],{"class":121},[84,41657,232],{"class":102},[84,41659,41660],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,41661,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,41663,41664,41666,41668,41670,41672,41674],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,41665,41549],{"class":90},[84,41667,95],{"class":94},[84,41669,8309],{"class":90},[84,41671,425],{"class":102},[84,41673,8511],{"class":121},[84,41675,8520],{"class":102},[84,41677,41678,41680,41682,41684,41686,41688],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,41679,116],{"class":98},[84,41681,103],{"class":102},[84,41683,2073],{"class":139},[84,41685,103],{"class":102},[84,41687,41576],{"class":121},[84,41689,232],{"class":102},[24,41691,41692],{},"Why this helps:",[33,41694,41695,41701,41706,41712],{},[36,41696,41697,41700],{},[15,41698,41699],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[36,41702,41703,21250],{},[15,41704,41705],{},"print(type(value))",[36,41707,41708,41711],{},[15,41709,41710],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[36,41713,41714,41716],{},[15,41715,41525],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1667,41718,41720],{"id":41719},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[24,41722,41723],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[75,41725,41727],{"className":77,"code":41726,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41728,41729,41748,41752,41758,41773,41792,41801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41730,41731,41733,41735,41737,41739,41741,41744,41746],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41732,2329],{"class":90},[84,41734,95],{"class":94},[84,41736,8119],{"class":98},[84,41738,103],{"class":102},[84,41740,854],{"class":387},[84,41742,41743],{"class":391},"Enter a number: ",[84,41745,854],{"class":387},[84,41747,110],{"class":102},[84,41749,41750],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,41751,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,41753,41754,41756],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,41755,29679],{"class":470},[84,41757,6266],{"class":102},[84,41759,41760,41763,41765,41767,41769,41771],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,41761,41762],{"class":90},"    number ",[84,41764,95],{"class":94},[84,41766,40126],{"class":139},[84,41768,103],{"class":102},[84,41770,2354],{"class":121},[84,41772,110],{"class":102},[84,41774,41775,41777,41779,41781,41784,41786,41788,41790],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,41776,490],{"class":98},[84,41778,103],{"class":102},[84,41780,854],{"class":387},[84,41782,41783],{"class":391},"Converted:",[84,41785,854],{"class":387},[84,41787,282],{"class":102},[84,41789,2077],{"class":121},[84,41791,110],{"class":102},[84,41793,41794,41796,41799],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,41795,29710],{"class":470},[84,41797,41798],{"class":139}," ValueError",[84,41800,6266],{"class":102},[84,41802,41803,41805,41807,41809,41812,41814],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,41804,490],{"class":98},[84,41806,103],{"class":102},[84,41808,854],{"class":387},[84,41810,41811],{"class":391},"That is not a valid number.",[84,41813,854],{"class":387},[84,41815,110],{"class":102},[24,41817,41818,41819,425],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[419,41820,40767],{"href":40766},[70,41822,41824],{"id":41823},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[24,41826,10470,41827,28,41829,41831],{},[15,41828,2765],{},[15,41830,2758],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[24,41833,41834,41836],{},[15,41835,2765],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[75,41838,41840],{"className":77,"code":41839,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41841,41842],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41843,41844,41846,41848,41850,41852,41854,41857,41859],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41845,116],{"class":98},[84,41847,103],{"class":102},[84,41849,2073],{"class":139},[84,41851,103],{"class":102},[84,41853,854],{"class":387},[84,41855,41856],{"class":391},"3.9",[84,41858,854],{"class":387},[84,41860,232],{"class":102},[24,41862,265],{},[75,41864,41866],{"className":77,"code":41865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.9\n",[15,41867,41868],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41869,41870],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41871,41865],{"class":106},[24,41873,41874,41876],{},[15,41875,2758],{}," creates whole numbers:",[75,41878,41880],{"className":77,"code":41879,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41881,41882],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41883,41884,41886,41888,41890,41892,41894,41896,41898],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41885,116],{"class":98},[84,41887,103],{"class":102},[84,41889,2070],{"class":139},[84,41891,103],{"class":102},[84,41893,854],{"class":387},[84,41895,2212],{"class":391},[84,41897,854],{"class":387},[84,41899,232],{"class":102},[24,41901,265],{},[75,41903,41904],{"className":77,"code":2258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,41905,41906],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41907,41908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41909,2258],{"class":106},[24,41911,41912,41913,41916],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41914,41915],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[75,41918,41920],{"className":77,"code":41919,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41921,41922],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41923,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932,41934,41936,41938],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41925,116],{"class":98},[84,41927,103],{"class":102},[84,41929,2070],{"class":139},[84,41931,103],{"class":102},[84,41933,854],{"class":387},[84,41935,41856],{"class":391},[84,41937,854],{"class":387},[84,41939,232],{"class":102},[24,41941,2881,41942,8478,41944,41947],{},[15,41943,40575],{},[15,41945,41946],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[24,41949,10592],{},[33,41951,41952,41958],{},[36,41953,41954,41957],{},[15,41955,41956],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[36,41959,41960,41962],{},[15,41961,41915],{}," fails",[24,41964,41965,41966,41969,41970,41972],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[419,41967,41968],{"href":2755},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[419,41971,2302],{"href":2301}," helpful.",[70,41974,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,41976,41978],{"id":41977},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[24,41980,41981,41982,2759,41984,425],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41983,2373],{},[15,41985,40014],{},[1667,41987,41989],{"id":41988},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[24,41991,41992,41993,2759,41996,425],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41994,41995],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41997,41998],{},"\"10\"",[1667,42000,42002],{"id":42001},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[24,42004,28938,42005,42007,42008,425],{},[15,42006,41401],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42009,40575],{},[1667,42011,42013],{"id":42012},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[24,42015,5022,42016,425],{},[15,42017,3643],{},[1667,42019,42021],{"id":42020},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[24,42023,42024,42025,42027,42028,28,42031,42027,42033,425],{},"Yes. ",[15,42026,3481],{}," becomes ",[15,42029,42030],{},"1.0",[15,42032,3548],{},[15,42034,3643],{},[70,42036,1777],{"id":1776},[33,42038,42039,42043,42049,42054,42058,42062],{},[36,42040,42041],{},[419,42042,41968],{"href":2755},[36,42044,42045],{},[419,42046,42048],{"href":42047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[36,42050,42051],{},[419,42052,42053],{"href":40762},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[36,42055,42056],{},[419,42057,8936],{"href":8858},[36,42059,42060],{},[419,42061,40767],{"href":40766},[36,42063,42064],{},[419,42065,42066],{"href":8096},"Python input() Function Explained",[1814,42068,42069],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":42071},[42072,42073,42074,42075,42082,42087,42088,42095,42100,42107,42108,42115],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":40061,"depth":113,"text":40062},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":40286,"depth":113,"text":40287,"children":42076},[42077,42078,42079,42080,42081],{"id":40295,"depth":132,"text":40296},{"id":40359,"depth":132,"text":40360},{"id":40423,"depth":132,"text":40424},{"id":40465,"depth":132,"text":40466},{"id":40520,"depth":132,"text":40521},{"id":40559,"depth":113,"text":40560,"children":42083},[42084,42085,42086],{"id":40568,"depth":132,"text":40569},{"id":40654,"depth":132,"text":40655},{"id":40724,"depth":132,"text":40725},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":40916,"depth":113,"text":40917,"children":42089},[42090,42092,42093,42094],{"id":40920,"depth":132,"text":42091},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41013,"depth":132,"text":41014},{"id":41099,"depth":132,"text":41100},{"id":41161,"depth":132,"text":41162},{"id":41221,"depth":113,"text":41222,"children":42096},[42097,42098,42099],{"id":41230,"depth":132,"text":41231},{"id":41269,"depth":132,"text":41270},{"id":41310,"depth":132,"text":41311},{"id":41375,"depth":113,"text":41376,"children":42101},[42102,42103,42104,42105,42106],{"id":41385,"depth":132,"text":40575},{"id":41451,"depth":132,"text":2884},{"id":41518,"depth":132,"text":41519},{"id":41592,"depth":132,"text":41593},{"id":41719,"depth":132,"text":41720},{"id":41823,"depth":113,"text":41824},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":42109},[42110,42111,42112,42113,42114],{"id":41977,"depth":132,"text":41978},{"id":41988,"depth":132,"text":41989},{"id":42001,"depth":132,"text":42002},{"id":42012,"depth":132,"text":42013},{"id":42020,"depth":132,"text":42021},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39962,"description":42116},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42123,"title":42124,"body":42125,"description":43345,"extension":1845,"meta":43346,"navigation":237,"path":34901,"seo":43347,"stem":43348,"__hash__":43349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42126,"toc":43311},[42127,42130,42135,42138,42140,42179,42193,42197,42202,42205,42222,42225,42234,42249,42252,42254,42257,42273,42276,42279,42299,42303,42314,42317,42321,42325,42339,42374,42378,42389,42424,42427,42429,42437,42470,42486,42488,42498,42519,42530,42532,42537,42540,42554,42556,42575,42578,42591,42594,42598,42602,42616,42619,42637,42640,42655,42659,42664,42678,42684,42686,42743,42745,42778,42781,42797,42801,42808,42812,42817,42820,42831,42835,42840,42855,42864,42869,42888,42891,42903,42905,42910,42920,42923,42952,42957,42966,42970,42975,42978,42982,42987,42989,43019,43022,43029,43034,43039,43043,43046,43054,43057,43135,43138,43160,43162,43166,43169,43173,43179,43242,43246,43254,43258,43261,43263,43288,43308],[10,42128,42124],{"id":42129},"python-help-function-explained",[24,42131,3459,42132,42134],{},[15,42133,34904],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[24,42136,42137],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[70,42139,1887],{"id":1886},[75,42141,42143],{"className":77,"code":42142,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42144,42145,42155,42165],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42146,42147,42149,42151,42153],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42148,32029],{"class":98},[84,42150,103],{"class":102},[84,42152,602],{"class":98},[84,42154,110],{"class":102},[84,42156,42157,42159,42161,42163],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,42158,32029],{"class":98},[84,42160,103],{"class":102},[84,42162,3321],{"class":139},[84,42164,110],{"class":102},[84,42166,42167,42169,42171,42173,42175,42177],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,42168,32029],{"class":98},[84,42170,103],{"class":102},[84,42172,394],{"class":387},[84,42174,34536],{"class":391},[84,42176,394],{"class":387},[84,42178,110],{"class":102},[24,42180,153,42181,42183,42184,2759,42186,42188,42189,42192],{},[15,42182,34904],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42185,602],{},[15,42187,3321],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42190,42191],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[70,42194,42196],{"id":42195},"what-help-does","What help() does",[24,42198,42199,42201],{},[15,42200,34904],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[24,42203,42204],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[33,42206,42207,42210,42213,42216,42219],{},[36,42208,42209],{},"Functions",[36,42211,42212],{},"Classes",[36,42214,42215],{},"Methods",[36,42217,42218],{},"Modules",[36,42220,42221],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[24,42223,42224],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[24,42226,42227,42228,42233],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[419,42229,42231],{"href":42230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42232,1085],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[75,42235,42237],{"className":77,"code":42236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\n",[15,42238,42239],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42240,42241,42243,42245,42247],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42242,32029],{"class":98},[84,42244,103],{"class":102},[84,42246,602],{"class":98},[84,42248,110],{"class":102},[24,42250,42251],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[70,42253,2038],{"id":2037},[24,42255,42256],{},"The main form is:",[75,42258,42260],{"className":77,"code":42259,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(object)\n",[15,42261,42262],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42263,42264,42266,42268,42271],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42265,32029],{"class":98},[84,42267,103],{"class":102},[84,42269,42270],{"class":139},"object",[84,42272,110],{"class":102},[24,42274,42275],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[24,42277,42278],{},"Common examples include:",[33,42280,42281,42285,42290,42294],{},[36,42282,42283],{},[15,42284,602],{},[36,42286,42287],{},[15,42288,42289],{},"list.append",[36,42291,42292],{},[15,42293,3321],{},[36,42295,42296],{},[15,42297,42298],{},"open",[24,42300,7050,42301,7053],{},[15,42302,34904],{},[75,42304,42306],{"className":77,"code":42305,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help()\n",[15,42307,42308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42309,42310,42312],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42311,32029],{"class":98},[84,42313,8520],{"class":102},[24,42315,42316],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[70,42318,42320],{"id":42319},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1667,42322,42324],{"id":42323},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[24,42326,42327,42328,1263,42330,1263,42332,16954,42335,425],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42329,602],{},[15,42331,116],{},[15,42333,42334],{},"input",[419,42336,42337],{"href":2180},[15,42338,2183],{},[75,42340,42342],{"className":77,"code":42341,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42343,42344,42354,42364],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42345,42346,42348,42350,42352],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42347,32029],{"class":98},[84,42349,103],{"class":102},[84,42351,116],{"class":98},[84,42353,110],{"class":102},[84,42355,42356,42358,42360,42362],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,42357,32029],{"class":98},[84,42359,103],{"class":102},[84,42361,42334],{"class":98},[84,42363,110],{"class":102},[84,42365,42366,42368,42370,42372],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,42367,32029],{"class":98},[84,42369,103],{"class":102},[84,42371,334],{"class":139},[84,42373,110],{"class":102},[1667,42375,42377],{"id":42376},"data-types","Data types",[24,42379,42380,42381,1263,42383,1263,42385,16954,42387,425],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42382,3321],{},[15,42384,140],{},[15,42386,8699],{},[15,42388,6159],{},[75,42390,42392],{"className":77,"code":42391,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42393,42394,42404,42414],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42395,42396,42398,42400,42402],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42397,32029],{"class":98},[84,42399,103],{"class":102},[84,42401,3321],{"class":139},[84,42403,110],{"class":102},[84,42405,42406,42408,42410,42412],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,42407,32029],{"class":98},[84,42409,103],{"class":102},[84,42411,140],{"class":139},[84,42413,110],{"class":102},[84,42415,42416,42418,42420,42422],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,42417,32029],{"class":98},[84,42419,103],{"class":102},[84,42421,8699],{"class":139},[84,42423,110],{"class":102},[24,42425,42426],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1667,42428,42215],{"id":34383},[24,42430,42431,42432,28,42435,425],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42433,42434],{},"str.split",[15,42436,42289],{},[75,42438,42440],{"className":77,"code":42439,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42441,42442,42456],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42443,42444,42446,42448,42450,42452,42454],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42445,32029],{"class":98},[84,42447,103],{"class":102},[84,42449,3321],{"class":139},[84,42451,425],{"class":102},[84,42453,34346],{"class":24629},[84,42455,110],{"class":102},[84,42457,42458,42460,42462,42464,42466,42468],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,42459,32029],{"class":98},[84,42461,103],{"class":102},[84,42463,140],{"class":139},[84,42465,425],{"class":102},[84,42467,998],{"class":24629},[84,42469,110],{"class":102},[24,42471,42472,42473,8582,42475,28190,42480,42482,42483,42485],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42474,34904],{},[419,42476,42478],{"href":42477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42479,34188],{},[15,42481,34188],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42484,34904],{}," explains one of them.",[1667,42487,42218],{"id":34536},[24,42489,42490,42491,1263,42493,16954,42495,425],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42492,18300],{},[15,42494,35067],{},[15,42496,42497],{},"os",[75,42499,42501],{"className":77,"code":42500,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42502,42503,42509],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42504,42505,42507],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42506,34968],{"class":470},[84,42508,34971],{"class":90},[84,42510,42511,42513,42515,42517],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,42512,32029],{"class":98},[84,42514,103],{"class":102},[84,42516,18300],{"class":121},[84,42518,110],{"class":102},[24,42520,42521,42522,42526,42527,425],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[419,42523,42525],{"href":42524},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[419,42528,35034],{"href":42529},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[70,42531,34795],{"id":34794},[24,42533,42534,42536],{},[15,42535,34904],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[24,42538,42539],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[33,42541,42542,42545,42548,42551],{},[36,42543,42544],{},"The function signature",[36,42546,42547],{},"The short description",[36,42549,42550],{},"Parameter names",[36,42552,42553],{},"Return value details, when shown",[24,42555,5346],{},[75,42557,42559],{"className":77,"code":42558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42560,42561],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42562,42563,42565,42567,42569,42571,42573],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42564,32029],{"class":98},[84,42566,103],{"class":102},[84,42568,3321],{"class":139},[84,42570,425],{"class":102},[84,42572,34346],{"class":24629},[84,42574,110],{"class":102},[24,42576,42577],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[33,42579,42580,42583,42586,42588],{},[36,42581,42582],{},"What object this is",[36,42584,42585],{},"What arguments it accepts",[36,42587,21853],{},[36,42589,42590],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[24,42592,42593],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[70,42595,42597],{"id":42596},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[24,42599,42600,29749],{},[15,42601,34904],{},[33,42603,42604,42607,42610,42613],{},[36,42605,42606],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[36,42608,42609],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[36,42611,42612],{},"You are exploring a new module",[36,42614,42615],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[24,42617,42618],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[75,42620,42621],{"className":77,"code":42558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,42622,42623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42624,42625,42627,42629,42631,42633,42635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42626,32029],{"class":98},[84,42628,103],{"class":102},[84,42630,3321],{"class":139},[84,42632,425],{"class":102},[84,42634,34346],{"class":24629},[84,42636,110],{"class":102},[24,42638,42639],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[75,42641,42643],{"className":77,"code":42642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(open)\n",[15,42644,42645],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42646,42647,42649,42651,42653],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42648,32029],{"class":98},[84,42650,103],{"class":102},[84,42652,42298],{"class":98},[84,42654,110],{"class":102},[70,42656,42658],{"id":42657},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[24,42660,42661,42663],{},[15,42662,34904],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[33,42665,42666,42669,42672,42675],{},[36,42667,42668],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[36,42670,42671],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[36,42673,42674],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[36,42676,42677],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[24,42679,42680,42681,42683],{},"So, ",[15,42682,34904],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[24,42685,5346],{},[75,42687,42689],{"className":77,"code":42688,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42690,42691,42704,42728,42732],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42692,42693,42695,42697,42699,42702],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42694,34565],{"class":90},[84,42696,95],{"class":94},[84,42698,3230],{"class":387},[84,42700,42701],{"class":391},"a,b,c",[84,42703,3236],{"class":387},[84,42705,42706,42709,42711,42714,42716,42718,42720,42722,42724,42726],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,42707,42708],{"class":90},"parts ",[84,42710,95],{"class":94},[84,42712,42713],{"class":90}," text",[84,42715,425],{"class":102},[84,42717,34346],{"class":121},[84,42719,103],{"class":102},[84,42721,854],{"class":387},[84,42723,282],{"class":391},[84,42725,854],{"class":387},[84,42727,110],{"class":102},[84,42729,42730],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,42731,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,42733,42734,42736,42738,42741],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,42735,116],{"class":98},[84,42737,103],{"class":102},[84,42739,42740],{"class":121},"parts",[84,42742,110],{"class":102},[24,42744,5433],{},[75,42746,42748],{"className":77,"code":42747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42749,42750],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42751,42752,42754,42756,42758,42760,42762,42764,42766,42768,42770,42772,42774,42776],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42753,292],{"class":102},[84,42755,394],{"class":387},[84,42757,419],{"class":391},[84,42759,394],{"class":387},[84,42761,282],{"class":102},[84,42763,388],{"class":387},[84,42765,4634],{"class":391},[84,42767,394],{"class":387},[84,42769,282],{"class":102},[84,42771,388],{"class":387},[84,42773,9619],{"class":391},[84,42775,394],{"class":387},[84,42777,317],{"class":102},[24,42779,42780],{},"A good workflow is:",[28590,42782,42783,42788,42791,42794],{},[36,42784,153,42785,42787],{},[15,42786,34904],{}," to inspect something",[36,42789,42790],{},"Write a tiny example",[36,42792,42793],{},"Check the result",[36,42795,42796],{},"Repeat",[70,42798,42800],{"id":42799},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[24,42802,42803,28,42805,42807],{},[15,42804,34904],{},[15,42806,34188],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1667,42809,42810],{"id":32029},[15,42811,34904],{},[24,42813,153,42814,42816],{},[15,42815,34904],{}," when you want an explanation.",[24,42818,42819],{},"It tells you:",[33,42821,42822,42825,42828],{},[36,42823,42824],{},"What something is",[36,42826,42827],{},"How to use it",[36,42829,42830],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1667,42832,42833],{"id":34249},[15,42834,34188],{},[24,42836,153,42837,42839],{},[15,42838,34188],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[75,42841,42843],{"className":77,"code":42842,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dir(str)\n",[15,42844,42845],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42846,42847,42849,42851,42853],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42848,34249],{"class":98},[84,42850,103],{"class":102},[84,42852,3321],{"class":139},[84,42854,110],{"class":102},[24,42856,42857,42858,1263,42860,16954,42862,425],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42859,34346],{},[15,42861,8511],{},[15,42863,8517],{},[24,42865,42866,42867,881],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42868,34904],{},[75,42870,42872],{"className":77,"code":42871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42873,42874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42875,42876,42878,42880,42882,42884,42886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42877,32029],{"class":98},[84,42879,103],{"class":102},[84,42881,3321],{"class":139},[84,42883,425],{"class":102},[84,42885,8517],{"class":24629},[84,42887,110],{"class":102},[24,42889,42890],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[33,42892,42893,42898],{},[36,42894,153,42895,42897],{},[15,42896,34188],{}," to discover options",[36,42899,153,42900,42902],{},[15,42901,34904],{}," to understand one option",[70,42904,1434],{"id":1433},[24,42906,42907,42908,425],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42909,34904],{},[1667,42911,1442,42913,42916,42917],{"id":42912},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42914,42915],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42918,42919],{},"help(len)",[24,42921,42922],{},"These are not always the same.",[75,42924,42926],{"className":77,"code":42925,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42927,42928,42938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42929,42930,42932,42934,42936],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42931,32029],{"class":98},[84,42933,103],{"class":102},[84,42935,602],{"class":98},[84,42937,110],{"class":102},[84,42939,42940,42942,42944,42946,42948,42950],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,42941,32029],{"class":98},[84,42943,103],{"class":102},[84,42945,394],{"class":387},[84,42947,602],{"class":391},[84,42949,394],{"class":387},[84,42951,110],{"class":102},[24,42953,42954,42956],{},[15,42955,42919],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[24,42958,42959,42961,42962,42965],{},[15,42960,42915],{}," treats ",[15,42963,42964],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1667,42967,42969],{"id":42968},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[24,42971,42972,42974],{},[15,42973,34904],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[24,42976,42977],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1667,42979,42981],{"id":42980},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[24,42983,40214,42984,42986],{},[15,42985,34904],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[24,42988,190],{},[75,42990,42992],{"className":77,"code":42991,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42993,42994,43004],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42995,42996,42998,43000,43002],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42997,32029],{"class":98},[84,42999,103],{"class":102},[84,43001,602],{"class":98},[84,43003,110],{"class":102},[84,43005,43006,43008,43010,43012,43015,43017],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43007,116],{"class":98},[84,43009,103],{"class":102},[84,43011,854],{"class":387},[84,43013,43014],{"class":391},"Done",[84,43016,854],{"class":387},[84,43018,110],{"class":102},[24,43020,43021],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1667,43023,37076,43025,8582,43027],{"id":43024},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43026,34904],{},[15,43028,34188],{},[24,43030,43031,43032,425],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43033,34188],{},[24,43035,43036,43037,425],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43038,34904],{},[70,43040,43042],{"id":43041},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[24,43044,43045],{},"Open Python:",[75,43047,43048],{"className":77,"code":35419,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,43049,43050],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43051,43052],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43053,35419],{"class":90},[24,43055,43056],{},"Then test these commands:",[75,43058,43060],{"className":77,"code":43059,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43061,43062,43072,43086,43100,43110,43125],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43063,43064,43066,43068,43070],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43065,32029],{"class":98},[84,43067,103],{"class":102},[84,43069,602],{"class":98},[84,43071,110],{"class":102},[84,43073,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082,43084],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43075,32029],{"class":98},[84,43077,103],{"class":102},[84,43079,3321],{"class":139},[84,43081,425],{"class":102},[84,43083,34346],{"class":24629},[84,43085,110],{"class":102},[84,43087,43088,43090,43092,43094,43096,43098],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,43089,32029],{"class":98},[84,43091,103],{"class":102},[84,43093,140],{"class":139},[84,43095,425],{"class":102},[84,43097,998],{"class":24629},[84,43099,110],{"class":102},[84,43101,43102,43104,43106,43108],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,43103,32029],{"class":98},[84,43105,103],{"class":102},[84,43107,42298],{"class":98},[84,43109,110],{"class":102},[84,43111,43112,43114,43116,43118,43121,43123],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,43113,32029],{"class":98},[84,43115,103],{"class":102},[84,43117,394],{"class":387},[84,43119,43120],{"class":391},"keywords",[84,43122,394],{"class":387},[84,43124,110],{"class":102},[84,43126,43127,43129,43131,43133],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,43128,34249],{"class":98},[84,43130,103],{"class":102},[84,43132,3321],{"class":139},[84,43134,110],{"class":102},[24,43136,43137],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[33,43139,43140,43143,43146,43149,43152,43155],{},[36,43141,43142],{},"A built-in function",[36,43144,43145],{},"A string method",[36,43147,43148],{},"A list method",[36,43150,43151],{},"A built-in file function",[36,43153,43154],{},"A special help topic",[36,43156,15072,43157,43159],{},[15,43158,34188],{}," example for comparison",[70,43161,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,43163,43165],{"id":43164},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[24,43167,43168],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1667,43170,43172],{"id":43171},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[24,43174,43175,43176,43178],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43177,34904],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[75,43180,43182],{"className":77,"code":43181,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43183,43184,43196,43209,43228,43232],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43185,43186,43188,43190,43192,43194],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43187,34728],{"class":383},[84,43189,34732],{"class":34731},[84,43191,103],{"class":102},[84,43193,7544],{"class":37532},[84,43195,485],{"class":102},[84,43197,43198,43202,43206],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43199,43201],{"class":43200},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[84,43203,43205],{"class":43204},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[84,43207,43208],{"class":43200},"\"\"\"\n",[84,43210,43211,43213,43216,43219,43221,43223,43225],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,43212,34739],{"class":470},[84,43214,43215],{"class":383}," f",[84,43217,43218],{"class":391},"\"Hello, ",[84,43220,9157],{"class":106},[84,43222,7544],{"class":90},[84,43224,22184],{"class":106},[84,43226,43227],{"class":391},"!\"\n",[84,43229,43230],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,43231,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,43233,43234,43236,43238,43240],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,43235,32029],{"class":98},[84,43237,103],{"class":102},[84,43239,34774],{"class":121},[84,43241,110],{"class":102},[1667,43243,43245],{"id":43244},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[24,43247,43248,43250,43251,43253],{},[15,43249,42919],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43252,42915],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1667,43255,43257],{"id":43256},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[24,43259,43260],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[70,43262,1777],{"id":1776},[33,43264,43265,43270,43274,43279,43284],{},[36,43266,43267],{},[419,43268,43269],{"href":42477},"Python dir() function explained",[36,43271,43272],{},[419,43273,8318],{"href":2180},[36,43275,43276],{},[419,43277,43278],{"href":42230},"Python len() function explained",[36,43280,43281],{},[419,43282,43283],{"href":42524},"How import works in Python",[36,43285,43286],{},[419,43287,35034],{"href":42529},[24,43289,43290,43291,43293,43294,1263,43296,16954,43298,43300,43301,2759,43304,43307],{},"Try ",[15,43292,34904],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43295,602],{},[15,43297,116],{},[15,43299,42334],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43302,43303],{},"dir(str)",[15,43305,43306],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1814,43309,43310],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":43312},[43313,43314,43315,43316,43322,43323,43324,43325,43329,43337,43338,43344],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":42195,"depth":113,"text":42196},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":42319,"depth":113,"text":42320,"children":43317},[43318,43319,43320,43321],{"id":42323,"depth":132,"text":42324},{"id":42376,"depth":132,"text":42377},{"id":34383,"depth":132,"text":42215},{"id":34536,"depth":132,"text":42218},{"id":34794,"depth":113,"text":34795},{"id":42596,"depth":113,"text":42597},{"id":42657,"depth":113,"text":42658},{"id":42799,"depth":113,"text":42800,"children":43326},[43327,43328],{"id":32029,"depth":132,"text":34904},{"id":34249,"depth":132,"text":34188},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":43330},[43331,43333,43334,43335],{"id":42912,"depth":132,"text":43332},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42968,"depth":132,"text":42969},{"id":42980,"depth":132,"text":42981},{"id":43024,"depth":132,"text":43336},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43041,"depth":113,"text":43042},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":43339},[43340,43341,43342,43343],{"id":43164,"depth":132,"text":43165},{"id":43171,"depth":132,"text":43172},{"id":43244,"depth":132,"text":43245},{"id":43256,"depth":132,"text":43257},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42124,"description":43345},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43351,"title":43352,"body":43353,"description":44715,"extension":1845,"meta":44716,"navigation":237,"path":44717,"seo":44718,"stem":44719,"__hash__":44720},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43354,"toc":44688},[43355,43361,43366,43372,43382,43441,43451,43462,43467,43473,43475,43493,43501,43503,43505,43520,43523,43534,43536,43627,43630,43634,43639,43660,43662,43773,43775,43802,43813,43817,43820,43903,43905,43913,43919,43925,43929,43932,44042,44044,44057,44060,44074,44082,44089,44094,44108,44114,44227,44229,44290,44293,44299,44305,44308,44330,44333,44403,44406,44438,44445,44447,44450,44468,44471,44483,44489,44491,44496,44522,44525,44597,44599,44605,44608,44614,44617,44623,44633,44639,44642,44649,44652,44654,44685],[10,43356,13,43358,3456],{"id":43357},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43359,43360],{},"id()",[24,43362,32194,43363,43365],{},[15,43364,43360],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[24,43367,43368,43369,43371],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43370,43360],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[24,43373,153,43374,43376,43377,43379,43380,425],{},[15,43375,43360],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[42,43378,1367],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43381,4561],{},[75,43383,43385],{"className":77,"code":43384,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43386,43387,43399,43413,43417,43427],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43388,43389,43391,43393,43395,43397],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43390,7754],{"class":90},[84,43392,95],{"class":94},[84,43394,3230],{"class":387},[84,43396,7172],{"class":391},[84,43398,3236],{"class":387},[84,43400,43401,43403,43405,43407,43409,43411],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43402,116],{"class":98},[84,43404,103],{"class":102},[84,43406,12531],{"class":98},[84,43408,103],{"class":102},[84,43410,7544],{"class":121},[84,43412,232],{"class":102},[84,43414,43415],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,43416,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,43418,43419,43422,43424],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,43420,43421],{"class":90},"other ",[84,43423,95],{"class":94},[84,43425,43426],{"class":90}," name\n",[84,43428,43429,43431,43433,43435,43437,43439],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,43430,116],{"class":98},[84,43432,103],{"class":102},[84,43434,12531],{"class":98},[84,43436,103],{"class":102},[84,43438,30619],{"class":121},[84,43440,232],{"class":102},[24,43442,43443,43444,43447,43448,43450],{},"In this example, ",[15,43445,43446],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43449,43360],{}," values match.",[43452,43453,43454],"blockquote",{},[24,43455,153,43456,43458,43459,43461],{},[15,43457,43360],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43460,4561],{}," for value comparison.",[70,43463,429,43465,3554],{"id":43464},"what-id-does",[15,43466,43360],{},[24,43468,43469,43472],{},[15,43470,43471],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[24,43474,12935],{},[33,43476,43477,43480,43487,43490],{},[36,43478,43479],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[36,43481,43482,43483,43486],{},"It shows ",[42,43484,43485],{},"object identity",", not object value",[36,43488,43489],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[36,43491,43492],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[24,43494,43495,43496,43500],{},"This is closely related to how ",[419,43497,43499],{"href":43498},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[70,43502,2038],{"id":2037},[24,43504,5308],{},[75,43506,43508],{"className":77,"code":43507,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"id(object)\n",[15,43509,43510],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43511,43512,43514,43516,43518],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43513,12531],{"class":98},[84,43515,103],{"class":102},[84,43517,42270],{"class":139},[84,43519,110],{"class":102},[24,43521,43522],{},"Important details:",[33,43524,43525,43528,43531],{},[36,43526,43527],{},"It takes one argument",[36,43529,43530],{},"It returns an integer",[36,43532,43533],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[24,43535,190],{},[75,43537,43539],{"className":77,"code":43538,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43540,43541,43553,43561,43581,43585,43599,43613],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43542,43543,43545,43547,43549,43551],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43544,34565],{"class":90},[84,43546,95],{"class":94},[84,43548,3230],{"class":387},[84,43550,3721],{"class":391},[84,43552,3236],{"class":387},[84,43554,43555,43557,43559],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43556,2097],{"class":90},[84,43558,95],{"class":94},[84,43560,2650],{"class":106},[84,43562,43563,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,43564,7656],{"class":90},[84,43566,95],{"class":94},[84,43568,3498],{"class":102},[84,43570,838],{"class":106},[84,43572,282],{"class":102},[84,43574,304],{"class":106},[84,43576,282],{"class":102},[84,43578,309],{"class":106},[84,43580,317],{"class":102},[84,43582,43583],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,43584,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,43586,43587,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,43588,116],{"class":98},[84,43590,103],{"class":102},[84,43592,12531],{"class":98},[84,43594,103],{"class":102},[84,43596,34586],{"class":121},[84,43598,232],{"class":102},[84,43600,43601,43603,43605,43607,43609,43611],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,43602,116],{"class":98},[84,43604,103],{"class":102},[84,43606,12531],{"class":98},[84,43608,103],{"class":102},[84,43610,2120],{"class":121},[84,43612,232],{"class":102},[84,43614,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,43616,116],{"class":98},[84,43618,103],{"class":102},[84,43620,12531],{"class":98},[84,43622,103],{"class":102},[84,43624,7687],{"class":121},[84,43626,232],{"class":102},[24,43628,43629],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[70,43631,43633],{"id":43632},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[24,43635,43636,43637,425],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43638,43360],{},[33,43640,43641,43648,43655],{},[36,43642,43643,43645,43646],{},[15,43644,4561],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[42,43647,2354],{},[36,43649,43650,43652,43653],{},[15,43651,12075],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[42,43654,42270],{},[36,43656,43657,43659],{},[15,43658,43360],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[24,43661,190],{},[75,43663,43665],{"className":77,"code":43664,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43666,43667,43687,43707,43711,43728,43745,43759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43668,43669,43671,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681,43683,43685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43670,2436],{"class":90},[84,43672,95],{"class":94},[84,43674,3498],{"class":102},[84,43676,838],{"class":106},[84,43678,282],{"class":102},[84,43680,304],{"class":106},[84,43682,282],{"class":102},[84,43684,309],{"class":106},[84,43686,317],{"class":102},[84,43688,43689,43691,43693,43695,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43690,2463],{"class":90},[84,43692,95],{"class":94},[84,43694,3498],{"class":102},[84,43696,838],{"class":106},[84,43698,282],{"class":102},[84,43700,304],{"class":106},[84,43702,282],{"class":102},[84,43704,309],{"class":106},[84,43706,317],{"class":102},[84,43708,43709],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,43710,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,43712,43713,43715,43717,43719,43721,43723,43725],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,43714,116],{"class":98},[84,43716,103],{"class":102},[84,43718,2436],{"class":121},[84,43720,4561],{"class":94},[84,43722,2441],{"class":121},[84,43724,125],{"class":102},[84,43726,43727],{"class":128},"   # True\n",[84,43729,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,43731,116],{"class":98},[84,43733,103],{"class":102},[84,43735,2436],{"class":121},[84,43737,12075],{"class":470},[84,43739,2441],{"class":121},[84,43741,125],{"class":102},[84,43743,43744],{"class":128},"   # False\n",[84,43746,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,43748,116],{"class":98},[84,43750,103],{"class":102},[84,43752,12531],{"class":98},[84,43754,103],{"class":102},[84,43756,419],{"class":121},[84,43758,232],{"class":102},[84,43760,43761,43763,43765,43767,43769,43771],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,43762,116],{"class":98},[84,43764,103],{"class":102},[84,43766,12531],{"class":98},[84,43768,103],{"class":102},[84,43770,4634],{"class":121},[84,43772,232],{"class":102},[24,43774,2060],{},[33,43776,43777,43785,43793],{},[36,43778,43779,4657,43782,43784],{},[15,43780,43781],{},"a == b",[15,43783,3481],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[36,43786,43787,4657,43790,43792],{},[15,43788,43789],{},"a is b",[15,43791,3548],{}," because they are different list objects",[36,43794,43795,28,43798,43801],{},[15,43796,43797],{},"id(a)",[15,43799,43800],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[24,43803,43804,43805,28,43809,425],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[419,43806,43808],{"href":43807},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[419,43810,43812],{"href":43811},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[70,43814,43816],{"id":43815},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[24,43818,43819],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[75,43821,43823],{"className":77,"code":43822,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43824,43825,43845,43855,43859,43873,43888],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43826,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43828,91],{"class":90},[84,43830,95],{"class":94},[84,43832,3498],{"class":102},[84,43834,2212],{"class":106},[84,43836,282],{"class":102},[84,43838,7667],{"class":106},[84,43840,282],{"class":102},[84,43842,7672],{"class":106},[84,43844,317],{"class":102},[84,43846,43847,43850,43852],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43848,43849],{"class":90},"other_numbers ",[84,43851,95],{"class":94},[84,43853,43854],{"class":90}," numbers\n",[84,43856,43857],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,43858,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,43860,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,43862,116],{"class":98},[84,43864,103],{"class":102},[84,43866,12531],{"class":98},[84,43868,103],{"class":102},[84,43870,122],{"class":121},[84,43872,232],{"class":102},[84,43874,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43886],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,43876,116],{"class":98},[84,43878,103],{"class":102},[84,43880,12531],{"class":98},[84,43882,103],{"class":102},[84,43884,43885],{"class":121},"other_numbers",[84,43887,232],{"class":102},[84,43889,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43901],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,43891,116],{"class":98},[84,43893,103],{"class":102},[84,43895,91],{"class":121},[84,43897,12075],{"class":470},[84,43899,43900],{"class":121}," other_numbers",[84,43902,110],{"class":102},[24,43904,5433],{},[75,43906,43907],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,43908,43909],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43910,43911],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43912,660],{"class":659},[24,43914,43915,43916,43918],{},"The two ",[15,43917,43360],{}," values will also match.",[24,43920,22070,43921,43924],{},[15,43922,43923],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[70,43926,43928],{"id":43927},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[24,43930,43931],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[75,43933,43935],{"className":77,"code":43934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43936,43937,43958,43979,43983,43998,44012,44027],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43938,43939,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950,43952,43954,43956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43940,43941],{"class":90},"list_a ",[84,43943,95],{"class":94},[84,43945,3498],{"class":102},[84,43947,838],{"class":106},[84,43949,282],{"class":102},[84,43951,304],{"class":106},[84,43953,282],{"class":102},[84,43955,309],{"class":106},[84,43957,317],{"class":102},[84,43959,43960,43963,43965,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,43961,43962],{"class":90},"list_b ",[84,43964,95],{"class":94},[84,43966,3498],{"class":102},[84,43968,838],{"class":106},[84,43970,282],{"class":102},[84,43972,304],{"class":106},[84,43974,282],{"class":102},[84,43976,309],{"class":106},[84,43978,317],{"class":102},[84,43980,43981],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,43982,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,43984,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993,43996],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,43986,116],{"class":98},[84,43988,103],{"class":102},[84,43990,43941],{"class":121},[84,43992,4561],{"class":94},[84,43994,43995],{"class":121}," list_b",[84,43997,110],{"class":102},[84,43999,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,44001,116],{"class":98},[84,44003,103],{"class":102},[84,44005,43941],{"class":121},[84,44007,12075],{"class":470},[84,44009,43995],{"class":121},[84,44011,110],{"class":102},[84,44013,44014,44016,44018,44020,44022,44025],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,44015,116],{"class":98},[84,44017,103],{"class":102},[84,44019,12531],{"class":98},[84,44021,103],{"class":102},[84,44023,44024],{"class":121},"list_a",[84,44026,232],{"class":102},[84,44028,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037,44040],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,44030,116],{"class":98},[84,44032,103],{"class":102},[84,44034,12531],{"class":98},[84,44036,103],{"class":102},[84,44038,44039],{"class":121},"list_b",[84,44041,232],{"class":102},[24,44043,5433],{},[75,44045,44047],{"className":77,"code":44046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44048,44049,44053],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44050,44051],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44052,660],{"class":659},[84,44054,44055],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44056,3913],{"class":659},[24,44058,44059],{},"What this means:",[33,44061,44062,44065,44068],{},[36,44063,44064],{},"The lists are equal in value",[36,44066,44067],{},"They are not the same object",[36,44069,44070,44071,44073],{},"Their ",[15,44072,43360],{}," values are usually different",[24,44075,44076,44077,44079,44080,425],{},"This is why ",[15,44078,43360],{}," should not replace ",[15,44081,4561],{},[70,44083,44085,44086,44088],{"id":44084},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44087,43360],{}," is useful",[24,44090,44091,44093],{},[15,44092,43360],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[33,44095,44096,44099,44102,44105],{},[36,44097,44098],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[36,44100,44101],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[36,44103,44104],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[36,44106,44107],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[24,44109,44110,44111,44113],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44112,43360],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[75,44115,44117],{"className":77,"code":44116,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44118,44119,44143,44152,44156,44175,44179,44189,44199,44213],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44120,44121,44123,44125,44127,44129,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44122,11967],{"class":90},[84,44124,95],{"class":94},[84,44126,3498],{"class":102},[84,44128,854],{"class":387},[84,44130,419],{"class":391},[84,44132,854],{"class":387},[84,44134,282],{"class":102},[84,44136,3230],{"class":387},[84,44138,4634],{"class":391},[84,44140,854],{"class":387},[84,44142,317],{"class":102},[84,44144,44145,44148,44150],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44146,44147],{"class":90},"copy_ref ",[84,44149,95],{"class":94},[84,44151,12005],{"class":90},[84,44153,44154],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,44155,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,44157,44158,44161,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171,44173],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,44159,44160],{"class":90},"copy_ref",[84,44162,425],{"class":102},[84,44164,998],{"class":121},[84,44166,103],{"class":102},[84,44168,854],{"class":387},[84,44170,9619],{"class":391},[84,44172,854],{"class":387},[84,44174,110],{"class":102},[84,44176,44177],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,44178,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,44180,44181,44183,44185,44187],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,44182,116],{"class":98},[84,44184,103],{"class":102},[84,44186,12014],{"class":121},[84,44188,110],{"class":102},[84,44190,44191,44193,44195,44197],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,44192,116],{"class":98},[84,44194,103],{"class":102},[84,44196,44160],{"class":121},[84,44198,110],{"class":102},[84,44200,44201,44203,44205,44207,44209,44211],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,44202,116],{"class":98},[84,44204,103],{"class":102},[84,44206,12531],{"class":98},[84,44208,103],{"class":102},[84,44210,12014],{"class":121},[84,44212,232],{"class":102},[84,44214,44215,44217,44219,44221,44223,44225],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,44216,116],{"class":98},[84,44218,103],{"class":102},[84,44220,12531],{"class":98},[84,44222,103],{"class":102},[84,44224,44160],{"class":121},[84,44226,232],{"class":102},[24,44228,5433],{},[75,44230,44232],{"className":77,"code":44231,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44233,44234,44262],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44235,44236,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258,44260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44237,292],{"class":102},[84,44239,394],{"class":387},[84,44241,419],{"class":391},[84,44243,394],{"class":387},[84,44245,282],{"class":102},[84,44247,388],{"class":387},[84,44249,4634],{"class":391},[84,44251,394],{"class":387},[84,44253,282],{"class":102},[84,44255,388],{"class":387},[84,44257,9619],{"class":391},[84,44259,394],{"class":387},[84,44261,317],{"class":102},[84,44263,44264,44266,44268,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44265,292],{"class":102},[84,44267,394],{"class":387},[84,44269,419],{"class":391},[84,44271,394],{"class":387},[84,44273,282],{"class":102},[84,44275,388],{"class":387},[84,44277,4634],{"class":391},[84,44279,394],{"class":387},[84,44281,282],{"class":102},[84,44283,388],{"class":387},[84,44285,9619],{"class":391},[84,44287,394],{"class":387},[84,44289,317],{"class":102},[24,44291,44292],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[70,44294,44296,44297],{"id":44295},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44298,43360],{},[24,44300,44301,44302,44304],{},"Do not use ",[15,44303,43360],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[24,44306,44307],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[33,44309,44310,44316,44322,44325],{},[36,44311,44312,44313,44315],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44314,4561],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[36,44317,44318,44319,44321],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44320,43360],{}," values across program runs",[36,44323,44324],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[36,44326,44327,44328],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44329,43360],{},[24,44331,44332],{},"Bad example:",[75,44334,44336],{"className":77,"code":44335,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44337,44338,44350,44362,44366,44388],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44339,44340,44342,44344,44346,44348],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44341,2436],{"class":90},[84,44343,95],{"class":94},[84,44345,3230],{"class":387},[84,44347,36919],{"class":391},[84,44349,3236],{"class":387},[84,44351,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44353,2463],{"class":90},[84,44355,95],{"class":94},[84,44357,3230],{"class":387},[84,44359,36919],{"class":391},[84,44361,3236],{"class":387},[84,44363,44364],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,44365,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,44367,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378,44380,44382,44384,44386],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,44369,6872],{"class":470},[84,44371,14700],{"class":98},[84,44373,103],{"class":102},[84,44375,419],{"class":121},[84,44377,125],{"class":102},[84,44379,6281],{"class":94},[84,44381,14700],{"class":98},[84,44383,103],{"class":102},[84,44385,4634],{"class":121},[84,44387,485],{"class":102},[84,44389,44390,44392,44394,44396,44399,44401],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,44391,490],{"class":98},[84,44393,103],{"class":102},[84,44395,854],{"class":387},[84,44397,44398],{"class":391},"The values are equal",[84,44400,854],{"class":387},[84,44402,110],{"class":102},[24,44404,44405],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[75,44407,44409],{"className":77,"code":44408,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44410,44411,44424],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44412,44413,44415,44418,44420,44422],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44414,6872],{"class":470},[84,44416,44417],{"class":90}," a ",[84,44419,4561],{"class":94},[84,44421,2441],{"class":90},[84,44423,6266],{"class":102},[84,44425,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44427,490],{"class":98},[84,44429,103],{"class":102},[84,44431,854],{"class":387},[84,44433,44398],{"class":391},[84,44435,854],{"class":387},[84,44437,110],{"class":102},[24,44439,153,44440,2759,44442,44444],{},[15,44441,12075],{},[15,44443,43360],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[70,44446,20684],{"id":20683},[24,44448,44449],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[33,44451,44452,44455,44458,44463],{},[36,44453,44454],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[36,44456,44457],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[36,44459,44460,44461],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44462,43360],{},[36,44464,44465,44466],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44467,43360],{},[24,44469,44470],{},"The important rule is:",[33,44472,44473,44478],{},[36,44474,153,44475,44477],{},[15,44476,4561],{}," to check value",[36,44479,153,44480,44482],{},[15,44481,12075],{}," to check identity",[24,44484,44485,44486,44488],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44487,43360],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[70,44490,1434],{"id":1433},[24,44492,44493,44494,881],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44495,43360],{},[33,44497,44498,44506,44509,44512,44517],{},[36,44499,1442,44500,44502,44503,44505],{},[15,44501,43360],{}," when ",[15,44504,4561],{}," should be used",[36,44507,44508],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[36,44510,44511],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[36,44513,44514,44515],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44516,43360],{},[36,44518,1442,44519,44521],{},[15,44520,43360],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[24,44523,44524],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[75,44526,44528],{"className":77,"code":44527,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44529,44530,44545,44559,44573,44587],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44531,44532,44534,44536,44538,44540,44543],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44533,116],{"class":98},[84,44535,103],{"class":102},[84,44537,12531],{"class":98},[84,44539,103],{"class":102},[84,44541,44542],{"class":121},"my_object",[84,44544,232],{"class":102},[84,44546,44547,44549,44551,44553,44555,44557],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44548,116],{"class":98},[84,44550,103],{"class":102},[84,44552,2436],{"class":121},[84,44554,4561],{"class":94},[84,44556,2441],{"class":121},[84,44558,110],{"class":102},[84,44560,44561,44563,44565,44567,44569,44571],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,44562,116],{"class":98},[84,44564,103],{"class":102},[84,44566,2436],{"class":121},[84,44568,12075],{"class":470},[84,44570,2441],{"class":121},[84,44572,110],{"class":102},[84,44574,44575,44577,44579,44581,44583,44585],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,44576,116],{"class":98},[84,44578,103],{"class":102},[84,44580,334],{"class":139},[84,44582,103],{"class":102},[84,44584,44542],{"class":121},[84,44586,232],{"class":102},[84,44588,44589,44591,44593,44595],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,44590,32029],{"class":98},[84,44592,103],{"class":102},[84,44594,12531],{"class":98},[84,44596,110],{"class":102},[70,44598,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,44600,44602,44603,12598],{"id":44601},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44604,43360],{},[24,44606,44607],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1667,44609,1670,44611,44613],{"id":44610},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44612,43360],{}," the same as a memory address?",[24,44615,44616],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1667,44618,21303,44620,44622],{"id":44619},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44621,43360],{}," to compare two values?",[24,44624,30146,44625,44627,44628,2759,44630,44632],{},[15,44626,4561],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44629,43360],{},[15,44631,12075],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1667,44634,44636,44637,1689],{"id":44635},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44638,43360],{},[24,44640,44641],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1667,44643,44645,44646,44648],{"id":44644},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44647,43360],{}," values?",[24,44650,44651],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[70,44653,1777],{"id":1776},[33,44655,44656,44661,44666,44671,44679],{},[36,44657,44658],{},[419,44659,44660],{"href":43498},"Python variables explained for beginners",[36,44662,44663],{},[419,44664,44665],{"href":43807},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[36,44667,44668],{},[419,44669,44670],{"href":43811},"Python data types overview",[36,44672,44673],{},[419,44674,13,44676,424],{"href":44675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44677,44678],{},"isinstance()",[36,44680,44681],{},[419,44682,44684],{"href":44683},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1814,44686,44687],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":44689},[44690,44692,44693,44694,44695,44696,44698,44700,44701,44702,44714],{"id":43464,"depth":113,"text":44691},"What id() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":43632,"depth":113,"text":43633},{"id":43815,"depth":113,"text":43816},{"id":43927,"depth":113,"text":43928},{"id":44084,"depth":113,"text":44697},"When id() is useful",{"id":44295,"depth":113,"text":44699},"When not to use id()",{"id":20683,"depth":113,"text":20684},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":44703},[44704,44706,44708,44710,44712],{"id":44601,"depth":132,"text":44705},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44610,"depth":132,"text":44707},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44619,"depth":132,"text":44709},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44635,"depth":132,"text":44711},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44644,"depth":132,"text":44713},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43352,"description":44715},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44722,"title":42066,"body":44723,"description":46361,"extension":1845,"meta":46362,"navigation":237,"path":46363,"seo":46364,"stem":46365,"__hash__":46366},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44724,"toc":46327},[44725,44730,44735,44738,44740,44783,44788,44791,44796,44801,44804,44820,44822,44866,44868,44895,44897,44912,44914,44916,44918,44934,44936,44948,44951,44985,44988,45013,45018,45020,45025,45029,45032,45034,45082,45084,45117,45123,45134,45136,45188,45190,45221,45223,45227,45231,45274,45280,45286,45338,45346,45351,45355,45446,45448,45480,45483,45485,45545,45547,45573,45583,45585,45589,45594,45599,45601,45638,45640,45659,45662,45666,45669,45725,45737,45746,45748,45775,45783,45790,45794,45797,45834,45837,45843,45880,45882,45886,45892,45910,45915,45963,45967,46056,46059,46066,46068,46070,46075,46093,46095,46138,46144,46161,46163,46225,46227,46229,46235,46242,46248,46254,46263,46273,46277,46285,46287,46289,46324],[10,44726,13,44728,3456],{"id":44727},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44729,2837],{},[24,44731,1862,44732,44734],{},[15,44733,2837],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[24,44736,44737],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[70,44739,1887],{"id":1886},[75,44741,44743],{"className":77,"code":44742,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44744,44745,44764],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44746,44747,44749,44751,44753,44755,44757,44760,44762],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44748,7754],{"class":90},[84,44750,95],{"class":94},[84,44752,8119],{"class":98},[84,44754,103],{"class":102},[84,44756,854],{"class":387},[84,44758,44759],{"class":391},"Enter your name: ",[84,44761,854],{"class":387},[84,44763,110],{"class":102},[84,44765,44766,44768,44770,44772,44775,44777,44779,44781],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44767,116],{"class":98},[84,44769,103],{"class":102},[84,44771,854],{"class":387},[84,44773,44774],{"class":391},"Hello, ",[84,44776,854],{"class":387},[84,44778,2336],{"class":94},[84,44780,35868],{"class":121},[84,44782,110],{"class":102},[24,44784,153,44785,44787],{},[15,44786,2837],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44789,44790],"hr",{},[70,44792,429,44794,3554],{"id":44793},"what-input-does",[15,44795,2837],{},[24,44797,44798,44800],{},[15,44799,2837],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[24,44802,44803],{},"Here is what happens:",[33,44805,44806,44811,44814,44817],{},[36,44807,44808,44810],{},[15,44809,2837],{}," waits for the user to type",[36,44812,44813],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[36,44815,44816],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[36,44818,44819],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[24,44821,190],{},[75,44823,44825],{"className":77,"code":44824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44826,44827,44847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44828,44829,44832,44834,44836,44838,44840,44843,44845],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44830,44831],{"class":90},"color ",[84,44833,95],{"class":94},[84,44835,8119],{"class":98},[84,44837,103],{"class":102},[84,44839,854],{"class":387},[84,44841,44842],{"class":391},"What is your favorite color? ",[84,44844,854],{"class":387},[84,44846,110],{"class":102},[84,44848,44849,44851,44853,44855,44858,44860,44862,44864],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44850,116],{"class":98},[84,44852,103],{"class":102},[84,44854,854],{"class":387},[84,44856,44857],{"class":391},"Your favorite color is",[84,44859,854],{"class":387},[84,44861,282],{"class":102},[84,44863,35727],{"class":121},[84,44865,110],{"class":102},[24,44867,29905],{},[75,44869,44871],{"className":77,"code":44870,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44872,44873,44886],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44874,44875,44877,44879,44882,44884],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44876,429],{"class":90},[84,44878,12075],{"class":94},[84,44880,44881],{"class":90}," your favorite color",[84,44883,1689],{"class":37239},[84,44885,35757],{"class":90},[84,44887,44888,44891,44893],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44889,44890],{"class":90},"Your favorite color ",[84,44892,12075],{"class":94},[84,44894,35757],{"class":90},[24,44896,19841],{},[33,44898,44899,44904,44909],{},[36,44900,44901,44902],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44903,44842],{},[36,44905,44906,44907],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44908,32768],{},[36,44910,44911],{},"That value is then printed",[44789,44913],{},[70,44915,2038],{"id":2037},[24,44917,7093],{},[75,44919,44921],{"className":77,"code":44920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44922,44923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44924,44925,44927,44929,44932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44926,42334],{"class":98},[84,44928,103],{"class":102},[84,44930,44931],{"class":121},"prompt",[84,44933,110],{"class":102},[24,44935,11338],{},[33,44937,44938,44942,44945],{},[36,44939,1862,44940,19923],{},[15,44941,44931],{},[36,44943,44944],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[36,44946,44947],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[24,44949,44950],{},"Example with a prompt:",[75,44952,44954],{"className":77,"code":44953,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44955,44956,44975],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44957,44958,44960,44962,44964,44966,44968,44971,44973],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44959,7839],{"class":90},[84,44961,95],{"class":94},[84,44963,8119],{"class":98},[84,44965,103],{"class":102},[84,44967,854],{"class":387},[84,44969,44970],{"class":391},"Enter your username: ",[84,44972,854],{"class":387},[84,44974,110],{"class":102},[84,44976,44977,44979,44981,44983],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,44978,116],{"class":98},[84,44980,103],{"class":102},[84,44982,7863],{"class":121},[84,44984,110],{"class":102},[24,44986,44987],{},"Example without a prompt:",[75,44989,44991],{"className":77,"code":44990,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44992,44993,45003],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44994,44995,44997,44999,45001],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44996,2329],{"class":90},[84,44998,95],{"class":94},[84,45000,8119],{"class":98},[84,45002,8520],{"class":102},[84,45004,45005,45007,45009,45011],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45006,116],{"class":98},[84,45008,103],{"class":102},[84,45010,2354],{"class":121},[84,45012,110],{"class":102},[24,45014,7639,45015,45017],{},[15,45016,2837],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44789,45019],{},[70,45021,429,45023,11586],{"id":45022},"what-input-returns",[15,45024,2837],{},[24,45026,45027,8102],{},[15,45028,2837],{},[24,45030,45031],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[24,45033,190],{},[75,45035,45037],{"className":77,"code":45036,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45038,45039,45058,45068],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45040,45041,45043,45045,45047,45049,45051,45054,45056],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45042,21511],{"class":90},[84,45044,95],{"class":94},[84,45046,8119],{"class":98},[84,45048,103],{"class":102},[84,45050,854],{"class":387},[84,45052,45053],{"class":391},"Enter your age: ",[84,45055,854],{"class":387},[84,45057,110],{"class":102},[84,45059,45060,45062,45064,45066],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45061,116],{"class":98},[84,45063,103],{"class":102},[84,45065,9178],{"class":121},[84,45067,110],{"class":102},[84,45069,45070,45072,45074,45076,45078,45080],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45071,116],{"class":98},[84,45073,103],{"class":102},[84,45075,334],{"class":139},[84,45077,103],{"class":102},[84,45079,9178],{"class":121},[84,45081,232],{"class":102},[24,45083,29905],{},[75,45085,45087],{"className":77,"code":45086,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45088,45089,45099,45103],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45090,45091,45094,45096],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45092,45093],{"class":90},"Enter your age",[84,45095,881],{"class":102},[84,45097,45098],{"class":106}," 25\n",[84,45100,45101],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45102,2590],{"class":106},[84,45104,45105,45107,45109,45111,45113,45115],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45106,380],{"class":94},[84,45108,384],{"class":383},[84,45110,388],{"class":387},[84,45112,3321],{"class":391},[84,45114,394],{"class":387},[84,45116,397],{"class":94},[24,45118,45119,45120,45122],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45121,9072],{},", Python treats it as text.",[24,45124,45125,45126,2759,45130,425],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[419,45127,45128],{"href":2755},[15,45129,2758],{},[419,45131,45132],{"href":2762},[15,45133,2765],{},[24,45135,190],{},[75,45137,45139],{"className":77,"code":45138,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45140,45141,45164,45174],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45142,45143,45145,45147,45150,45152,45154,45156,45158,45160,45162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45144,21511],{"class":90},[84,45146,95],{"class":94},[84,45148,45149],{"class":139}," int",[84,45151,103],{"class":102},[84,45153,42334],{"class":98},[84,45155,103],{"class":102},[84,45157,854],{"class":387},[84,45159,45053],{"class":391},[84,45161,854],{"class":387},[84,45163,232],{"class":102},[84,45165,45166,45168,45170,45172],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45167,116],{"class":98},[84,45169,103],{"class":102},[84,45171,9178],{"class":121},[84,45173,110],{"class":102},[84,45175,45176,45178,45180,45182,45184,45186],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45177,116],{"class":98},[84,45179,103],{"class":102},[84,45181,334],{"class":139},[84,45183,103],{"class":102},[84,45185,9178],{"class":121},[84,45187,232],{"class":102},[24,45189,29905],{},[75,45191,45193],{"className":77,"code":45192,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45194,45195,45203,45207],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45196,45197,45199,45201],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45198,45093],{"class":90},[84,45200,881],{"class":102},[84,45202,45098],{"class":106},[84,45204,45205],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45206,2590],{"class":106},[84,45208,45209,45211,45213,45215,45217,45219],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45210,380],{"class":94},[84,45212,384],{"class":383},[84,45214,388],{"class":387},[84,45216,2070],{"class":391},[84,45218,394],{"class":387},[84,45220,397],{"class":94},[44789,45222],{},[70,45224,45226],{"id":45225},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1667,45228,45230],{"id":45229},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[75,45232,45234],{"className":77,"code":45233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45235,45236,45255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45237,45238,45240,45242,45244,45246,45248,45251,45253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45239,7754],{"class":90},[84,45241,95],{"class":94},[84,45243,8119],{"class":98},[84,45245,103],{"class":102},[84,45247,854],{"class":387},[84,45249,45250],{"class":391},"What is your name? ",[84,45252,854],{"class":387},[84,45254,110],{"class":102},[84,45256,45257,45259,45261,45263,45266,45268,45270,45272],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45258,116],{"class":98},[84,45260,103],{"class":102},[84,45262,854],{"class":387},[84,45264,45265],{"class":391},"Hello,",[84,45267,854],{"class":387},[84,45269,282],{"class":102},[84,45271,35868],{"class":121},[84,45273,110],{"class":102},[24,45275,45276,45277,45279],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45278,7544],{}," and prints it.",[1667,45281,45283,45284],{"id":45282},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45285,2758],{},[75,45287,45289],{"className":77,"code":45288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45290,45291,45314],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45292,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45303,45305,45307,45310,45312],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45294,21511],{"class":90},[84,45296,95],{"class":94},[84,45298,45149],{"class":139},[84,45300,103],{"class":102},[84,45302,42334],{"class":98},[84,45304,103],{"class":102},[84,45306,854],{"class":387},[84,45308,45309],{"class":391},"How old are you? ",[84,45311,854],{"class":387},[84,45313,232],{"class":102},[84,45315,45316,45318,45320,45322,45325,45327,45329,45332,45334,45336],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45317,116],{"class":98},[84,45319,103],{"class":102},[84,45321,854],{"class":387},[84,45323,45324],{"class":391},"Next year you will be",[84,45326,854],{"class":387},[84,45328,282],{"class":102},[84,45330,45331],{"class":121}," age ",[84,45333,1943],{"class":94},[84,45335,299],{"class":106},[84,45337,110],{"class":102},[24,45339,1056,45340,45342,45343,45345],{},[15,45341,2758],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45344,2837],{}," into a whole number.",[24,45347,45348,45349,425],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[419,45350,8859],{"href":8858},[1667,45352,45354],{"id":45353},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[75,45356,45358],{"className":77,"code":45357,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45359,45360,45384,45408,45422,45426],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45361,45362,45365,45367,45369,45371,45373,45375,45377,45380,45382],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45363,45364],{"class":90},"num1 ",[84,45366,95],{"class":94},[84,45368,45149],{"class":139},[84,45370,103],{"class":102},[84,45372,42334],{"class":98},[84,45374,103],{"class":102},[84,45376,854],{"class":387},[84,45378,45379],{"class":391},"Enter the first number: ",[84,45381,854],{"class":387},[84,45383,232],{"class":102},[84,45385,45386,45389,45391,45393,45395,45397,45399,45401,45404,45406],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45387,45388],{"class":90},"num2 ",[84,45390,95],{"class":94},[84,45392,45149],{"class":139},[84,45394,103],{"class":102},[84,45396,42334],{"class":98},[84,45398,103],{"class":102},[84,45400,854],{"class":387},[84,45402,45403],{"class":391},"Enter the second number: ",[84,45405,854],{"class":387},[84,45407,232],{"class":102},[84,45409,45410,45412,45414,45417,45419],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45411,41054],{"class":90},[84,45413,95],{"class":94},[84,45415,45416],{"class":90}," num1 ",[84,45418,1943],{"class":94},[84,45420,45421],{"class":90}," num2\n",[84,45423,45424],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,45425,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,45427,45428,45430,45432,45434,45437,45439,45441,45444],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,45429,116],{"class":98},[84,45431,103],{"class":102},[84,45433,854],{"class":387},[84,45435,45436],{"class":391},"Total:",[84,45438,854],{"class":387},[84,45440,282],{"class":102},[84,45442,45443],{"class":121}," total",[84,45445,110],{"class":102},[24,45447,29905],{},[75,45449,45451],{"className":77,"code":45450,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45452,45453,45462,45471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45454,45455,45458,45460],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45456,45457],{"class":90},"Enter the first number",[84,45459,881],{"class":102},[84,45461,893],{"class":106},[84,45463,45464,45467,45469],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45465,45466],{"class":90},"Enter the second number",[84,45468,881],{"class":102},[84,45470,902],{"class":106},[84,45472,45473,45476,45478],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45474,45475],{"class":90},"Total",[84,45477,881],{"class":102},[84,45479,920],{"class":106},[24,45481,45482],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[24,45484,190],{},[75,45486,45488],{"className":77,"code":45487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45489,45490,45508,45526,45530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45491,45492,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504,45506],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45493,45364],{"class":90},[84,45495,95],{"class":94},[84,45497,8119],{"class":98},[84,45499,103],{"class":102},[84,45501,854],{"class":387},[84,45503,45379],{"class":391},[84,45505,854],{"class":387},[84,45507,110],{"class":102},[84,45509,45510,45512,45514,45516,45518,45520,45522,45524],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45511,45388],{"class":90},[84,45513,95],{"class":94},[84,45515,8119],{"class":98},[84,45517,103],{"class":102},[84,45519,854],{"class":387},[84,45521,45403],{"class":391},[84,45523,854],{"class":387},[84,45525,110],{"class":102},[84,45527,45528],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45529,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,45531,45532,45534,45536,45538,45540,45543],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,45533,116],{"class":98},[84,45535,103],{"class":102},[84,45537,45364],{"class":121},[84,45539,1943],{"class":94},[84,45541,45542],{"class":121}," num2",[84,45544,110],{"class":102},[24,45546,29905],{},[75,45548,45550],{"className":77,"code":45549,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45551,45552,45560,45568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45553,45554,45556,45558],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45555,45457],{"class":90},[84,45557,881],{"class":102},[84,45559,893],{"class":106},[84,45561,45562,45564,45566],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45563,45466],{"class":90},[84,45565,881],{"class":102},[84,45567,902],{"class":106},[84,45569,45570],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45571,45572],{"class":106},"23\n",[24,45574,45575,45576,45579,45580,425],{},"That happens because ",[15,45577,45578],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45581,45582],{},"\"23\"",[44789,45584],{},[70,45586,45588],{"id":45587},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[24,45590,45591,45592,425],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45593,2837],{},[1667,45595,4577,45597,41414],{"id":45596},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45598,2837],{},[24,45600,39069],{},[75,45602,45604],{"className":77,"code":45603,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45605,45606,45624],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45607,45608,45610,45612,45614,45616,45618,45620,45622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45609,2329],{"class":90},[84,45611,95],{"class":94},[84,45613,8119],{"class":98},[84,45615,103],{"class":102},[84,45617,854],{"class":387},[84,45619,41743],{"class":391},[84,45621,854],{"class":387},[84,45623,110],{"class":102},[84,45625,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45627,116],{"class":98},[84,45629,103],{"class":102},[84,45631,334],{"class":139},[84,45633,103],{"class":102},[84,45635,2354],{"class":121},[84,45637,232],{"class":102},[24,45639,265],{},[75,45641,45643],{"className":77,"code":45642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45644,45645],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45646,45647,45649,45651,45653,45655,45657],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45648,380],{"class":94},[84,45650,384],{"class":383},[84,45652,388],{"class":387},[84,45654,3321],{"class":391},[84,45656,394],{"class":387},[84,45658,397],{"class":94},[24,45660,45661],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1667,45663,45665],{"id":45664},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[24,45667,45668],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[75,45670,45672],{"className":77,"code":45671,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45673,45674,45692,45711],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45675,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684,45686,45688,45690],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45677,2436],{"class":90},[84,45679,95],{"class":94},[84,45681,8119],{"class":98},[84,45683,103],{"class":102},[84,45685,854],{"class":387},[84,45687,41743],{"class":391},[84,45689,854],{"class":387},[84,45691,110],{"class":102},[84,45693,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704,45707,45709],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45695,2463],{"class":90},[84,45697,95],{"class":94},[84,45699,8119],{"class":98},[84,45701,103],{"class":102},[84,45703,854],{"class":387},[84,45705,45706],{"class":391},"Enter another number: ",[84,45708,854],{"class":387},[84,45710,110],{"class":102},[84,45712,45713,45715,45717,45719,45721,45723],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,45714,116],{"class":98},[84,45716,103],{"class":102},[84,45718,2436],{"class":121},[84,45720,1943],{"class":94},[84,45722,2441],{"class":121},[84,45724,110],{"class":102},[24,45726,40992,45727,28,45729,45731,45732,18847,45735,425],{},[15,45728,2386],{},[15,45730,107],{},", the result is ",[15,45733,45734],{},"45",[15,45736,2024],{},[1667,45738,45740,45741,45743,45744],{"id":45739},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45742,40575],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45745,2758],{},[24,45747,190],{},[75,45749,45751],{"className":77,"code":45750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45752,45753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45754,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45756,21511],{"class":90},[84,45758,95],{"class":94},[84,45760,45149],{"class":139},[84,45762,103],{"class":102},[84,45764,42334],{"class":98},[84,45766,103],{"class":102},[84,45768,854],{"class":387},[84,45770,45053],{"class":391},[84,45772,854],{"class":387},[84,45774,232],{"class":102},[24,45776,8148,45777,45780,45781,425],{},[15,45778,45779],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45782,40575],{},[24,45784,45785,45786,425],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[419,45787,45789],{"href":45788},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1667,45791,45793],{"id":45792},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[24,45795,45796],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[75,45798,45800],{"className":77,"code":45799,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45801,45802,45820],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45803,45804,45806,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45805,7754],{"class":90},[84,45807,95],{"class":94},[84,45809,8119],{"class":98},[84,45811,103],{"class":102},[84,45813,854],{"class":387},[84,45815,44759],{"class":391},[84,45817,854],{"class":387},[84,45819,110],{"class":102},[84,45821,45822,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45823,116],{"class":98},[84,45825,103],{"class":102},[84,45827,41651],{"class":98},[84,45829,103],{"class":102},[84,45831,7544],{"class":121},[84,45833,232],{"class":102},[24,45835,45836],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[24,45838,45839,45840,881],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45841,45842],{},".strip()",[75,45844,45846],{"className":77,"code":45845,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45847,45848,45870],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45849,45850,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45851,7754],{"class":90},[84,45853,95],{"class":94},[84,45855,8119],{"class":98},[84,45857,103],{"class":102},[84,45859,854],{"class":387},[84,45861,44759],{"class":391},[84,45863,854],{"class":387},[84,45865,8508],{"class":102},[84,45867,8511],{"class":121},[84,45869,8520],{"class":102},[84,45871,45872,45874,45876,45878],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45873,116],{"class":98},[84,45875,103],{"class":102},[84,45877,7544],{"class":121},[84,45879,110],{"class":102},[44789,45881],{},[70,45883,45885],{"id":45884},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[24,45887,45888,45889,45891],{},"These habits make ",[15,45890,2837],{}," easier and safer to use.",[33,45893,45894,45897,45902,45905],{},[36,45895,45896],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[36,45898,153,45899,45901],{},[15,45900,45842],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[36,45903,45904],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[36,45906,153,45907,45909],{},[15,45908,29657],{}," when converting input to numbers",[24,45911,45912,45913,881],{},"Example with ",[15,45914,45842],{},[75,45916,45918],{"className":77,"code":45917,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45919,45920,45944],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45921,45922,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933,45936,45938,45940,45942],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45923,45924],{"class":90},"city ",[84,45926,95],{"class":94},[84,45928,8119],{"class":98},[84,45930,103],{"class":102},[84,45932,854],{"class":387},[84,45934,45935],{"class":391},"Enter your city: ",[84,45937,854],{"class":387},[84,45939,8508],{"class":102},[84,45941,8511],{"class":121},[84,45943,8520],{"class":102},[84,45945,45946,45948,45950,45952,45955,45957,45959,45961],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45947,116],{"class":98},[84,45949,103],{"class":102},[84,45951,854],{"class":387},[84,45953,45954],{"class":391},"City:",[84,45956,854],{"class":387},[84,45958,282],{"class":102},[84,45960,31261],{"class":121},[84,45962,110],{"class":102},[24,45964,45912,45965,881],{},[15,45966,29657],{},[75,45968,45970],{"className":77,"code":45969,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45971,45972,45978,46001,46033,46041],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45973,45974,45976],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45975,29679],{"class":470},[84,45977,6266],{"class":102},[84,45979,45980,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997,45999],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,45981,45982],{"class":90},"    age ",[84,45984,95],{"class":94},[84,45986,45149],{"class":139},[84,45988,103],{"class":102},[84,45990,42334],{"class":98},[84,45992,103],{"class":102},[84,45994,854],{"class":387},[84,45996,45053],{"class":391},[84,45998,854],{"class":387},[84,46000,232],{"class":102},[84,46002,46003,46005,46007,46009,46012,46014,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024,46026,46029,46031],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46004,490],{"class":98},[84,46006,103],{"class":102},[84,46008,854],{"class":387},[84,46010,46011],{"class":391},"You will be",[84,46013,854],{"class":387},[84,46015,282],{"class":102},[84,46017,45331],{"class":121},[84,46019,1943],{"class":94},[84,46021,299],{"class":106},[84,46023,282],{"class":102},[84,46025,3230],{"class":387},[84,46027,46028],{"class":391},"next year",[84,46030,854],{"class":387},[84,46032,110],{"class":102},[84,46034,46035,46037,46039],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,46036,29710],{"class":470},[84,46038,41798],{"class":139},[84,46040,6266],{"class":102},[84,46042,46043,46045,46047,46049,46052,46054],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,46044,490],{"class":98},[84,46046,103],{"class":102},[84,46048,854],{"class":387},[84,46050,46051],{"class":391},"Please enter a whole number.",[84,46053,854],{"class":387},[84,46055,110],{"class":102},[24,46057,46058],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[24,46060,46061,46062,425],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[419,46063,46065],{"href":46064},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44789,46067],{},[70,46069,1434],{"id":1433},[24,46071,46072,46073,881],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46074,2837],{},[33,46076,46077,46084,46087,46090],{},[36,46078,46079,46080,2759,46082],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46081,2758],{},[15,46083,2765],{},[36,46085,46086],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[36,46088,46089],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[36,46091,46092],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[24,46094,31959],{},[75,46096,46098],{"className":77,"code":46097,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46099,46100,46110,46124],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46101,46102,46104,46106,46108],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46103,116],{"class":98},[84,46105,103],{"class":102},[84,46107,2354],{"class":121},[84,46109,110],{"class":102},[84,46111,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46113,116],{"class":98},[84,46115,103],{"class":102},[84,46117,334],{"class":139},[84,46119,103],{"class":102},[84,46121,2354],{"class":121},[84,46123,232],{"class":102},[84,46125,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134,46136],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46127,116],{"class":98},[84,46129,103],{"class":102},[84,46131,41651],{"class":98},[84,46133,103],{"class":102},[84,46135,2354],{"class":121},[84,46137,232],{"class":102},[24,46139,46140,46141,46143],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46142,2837],{}," actually returned:",[33,46145,46146,46151,46156],{},[36,46147,46148,46150],{},[15,46149,41699],{}," shows the value",[36,46152,46153,46155],{},[15,46154,41705],{}," shows the data type",[36,46157,46158,46160],{},[15,46159,41710],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[24,46162,190],{},[75,46164,46166],{"className":77,"code":46165,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46167,46168,46187,46197,46211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46169,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46183,46185],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46171,2329],{"class":90},[84,46173,95],{"class":94},[84,46175,8119],{"class":98},[84,46177,103],{"class":102},[84,46179,854],{"class":387},[84,46181,46182],{"class":391},"Enter something: ",[84,46184,854],{"class":387},[84,46186,110],{"class":102},[84,46188,46189,46191,46193,46195],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46190,116],{"class":98},[84,46192,103],{"class":102},[84,46194,2354],{"class":121},[84,46196,110],{"class":102},[84,46198,46199,46201,46203,46205,46207,46209],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46200,116],{"class":98},[84,46202,103],{"class":102},[84,46204,334],{"class":139},[84,46206,103],{"class":102},[84,46208,2354],{"class":121},[84,46210,232],{"class":102},[84,46212,46213,46215,46217,46219,46221,46223],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,46214,116],{"class":98},[84,46216,103],{"class":102},[84,46218,41651],{"class":98},[84,46220,103],{"class":102},[84,46222,2354],{"class":121},[84,46224,232],{"class":102},[44789,46226],{},[70,46228,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,46230,12586,46232,46234],{"id":46231},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46233,2837],{}," return an integer?",[24,46236,1676,46237,46239,46240,39800],{},[15,46238,2837],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46241,2758],{},[1667,46243,46245,46246,1689],{"id":46244},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46247,2837],{},[24,46249,46250,46251,46253],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46252,2837],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1667,46255,1753,46257,46260,46261,1689],{"id":46256},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46258,46259],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46262,2837],{},[24,46264,28938,46265,46267,46268,42027,46270,46272],{},[15,46266,2837],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46269,45578],{},[15,46271,45582],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1667,46274,46276],{"id":46275},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[24,46278,153,46279,46281,46282,425],{},[15,46280,45842],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46283,46284],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44789,46286],{},[70,46288,1777],{"id":1776},[33,46290,46291,46296,46300,46306,46312,46316],{},[36,46292,46293],{},[419,46294,46295],{"href":46064},"How to get user input in Python",[36,46297,46298],{},[419,46299,8936],{"href":8858},[36,46301,46302],{},[419,46303,13,46304,424],{"href":2755},[15,46305,2758],{},[36,46307,46308],{},[419,46309,13,46310,424],{"href":2762},[15,46311,2765],{},[36,46313,46314],{},[419,46315,45789],{"href":45788},[36,46317,46318],{},[419,46319,13,46321,424],{"href":46320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46322,46323],{},"print()",[1814,46325,46326],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":46328},[46329,46330,46332,46333,46335,46341,46349,46350,46351,46360],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":44793,"depth":113,"text":46331},"What input() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":45022,"depth":113,"text":46334},"What input() returns",{"id":45225,"depth":113,"text":45226,"children":46336},[46337,46338,46340],{"id":45229,"depth":132,"text":45230},{"id":45282,"depth":132,"text":46339},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45353,"depth":132,"text":45354},{"id":45587,"depth":113,"text":45588,"children":46342},[46343,46345,46346,46348],{"id":45596,"depth":132,"text":46344},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45664,"depth":132,"text":45665},{"id":45739,"depth":132,"text":46347},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45792,"depth":132,"text":45793},{"id":45884,"depth":113,"text":45885},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":46352},[46353,46355,46357,46359],{"id":46231,"depth":132,"text":46354},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46244,"depth":132,"text":46356},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46256,"depth":132,"text":46358},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46275,"depth":132,"text":46276},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42066,"description":46361},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46368,"title":41968,"body":46369,"description":48678,"extension":1845,"meta":48679,"navigation":237,"path":48680,"seo":48681,"stem":48682,"__hash__":48683},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46370,"toc":48630},[46371,46376,46381,46386,46407,46410,46412,46472,46474,46492,46497,46502,46507,46509,46522,46524,46607,46609,46650,46656,46658,46688,46694,46697,46714,46716,46768,46770,46787,46793,46799,46802,46820,46822,46895,46897,46916,46923,46929,46934,46937,46997,46999,47018,47021,47024,47039,47045,47049,47110,47112,47132,47136,47265,47267,47397,47407,47413,47419,47427,47493,47495,47520,47523,47540,47553,47559,47562,47595,47597,47610,47613,47656,47658,47666,47673,47677,47684,47688,47715,47717,47725,47731,47748,47753,47757,47784,47786,47794,47798,47803,47806,47832,47835,47844,47852,47856,47866,47870,47873,47875,47926,47928,47958,47968,47995,47997,48005,48015,48019,48022,48024,48072,48074,48118,48124,48175,48177,48196,48201,48206,48209,48228,48231,48283,48285,48294,48296,48300,48304,48307,48316,48323,48325,48352,48356,48358,48367,48370,48377,48383,48443,48447,48449,48457,48460,48486,48492,48495,48515,48517,48525,48533,48535,48541,48546,48553,48563,48569,48577,48581,48584,48586,48627],[10,46372,13,46374,3456],{"id":46373},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46375,2758],{},[24,46377,32194,46378,46380],{},[15,46379,2758],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[24,46382,35283,46383,46385],{},[15,46384,2758],{}," when they want to:",[33,46387,46388,46398,46401,46404],{},[36,46389,46390,46391,46394,46395],{},"turn text like ",[15,46392,46393],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46396,46397],{},"42",[36,46399,46400],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[36,46402,46403],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[36,46405,46406],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[24,46408,46409],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[70,46411,1887],{"id":1886},[75,46413,46415],{"className":77,"code":46414,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46416,46417,46435,46449],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46418,46419,46421,46423,46425,46427,46429,46431,46433],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46420,116],{"class":98},[84,46422,103],{"class":102},[84,46424,2070],{"class":139},[84,46426,103],{"class":102},[84,46428,854],{"class":387},[84,46430,46397],{"class":391},[84,46432,854],{"class":387},[84,46434,232],{"class":102},[84,46436,46437,46439,46441,46443,46445,46447],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46438,116],{"class":98},[84,46440,103],{"class":102},[84,46442,2070],{"class":139},[84,46444,103],{"class":102},[84,46446,41856],{"class":106},[84,46448,232],{"class":102},[84,46450,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459,46461,46464,46466,46468,46470],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46452,116],{"class":98},[84,46454,103],{"class":102},[84,46456,2070],{"class":139},[84,46458,103],{"class":102},[84,46460,854],{"class":387},[84,46462,46463],{"class":391},"101",[84,46465,854],{"class":387},[84,46467,282],{"class":102},[84,46469,304],{"class":106},[84,46471,232],{"class":102},[24,46473,265],{},[75,46475,46477],{"className":77,"code":46476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46478,46479,46484,46488],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46480,46481],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46482,46483],{"class":106},"42\n",[84,46485,46486],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46487,524],{"class":106},[84,46489,46490],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46491,1184],{"class":106},[24,46493,153,46494,46496],{},[15,46495,2758],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[70,46498,429,46500,3554],{"id":46499},"what-int-does",[15,46501,2758],{},[24,46503,46504,46506],{},[15,46505,2758],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[24,46508,12935],{},[33,46510,46511,46516,46519],{},[36,46512,46513,46514,7215],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46515,2070],{},[36,46517,46518],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[36,46520,46521],{},"It does not change the original object.",[24,46523,190],{},[75,46525,46527],{"className":77,"code":46526,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46528,46529,46541,46555,46559,46569,46579,46593],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46530,46531,46533,46535,46537,46539],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46532,34565],{"class":90},[84,46534,95],{"class":94},[84,46536,3230],{"class":387},[84,46538,9072],{"class":391},[84,46540,3236],{"class":387},[84,46542,46543,46545,46547,46549,46551,46553],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46544,2097],{"class":90},[84,46546,95],{"class":94},[84,46548,45149],{"class":139},[84,46550,103],{"class":102},[84,46552,34586],{"class":121},[84,46554,110],{"class":102},[84,46556,46557],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46558,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,46560,46561,46563,46565,46567],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,46562,116],{"class":98},[84,46564,103],{"class":102},[84,46566,34586],{"class":121},[84,46568,110],{"class":102},[84,46570,46571,46573,46575,46577],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,46572,116],{"class":98},[84,46574,103],{"class":102},[84,46576,2120],{"class":121},[84,46578,110],{"class":102},[84,46580,46581,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,46582,116],{"class":98},[84,46584,103],{"class":102},[84,46586,334],{"class":139},[84,46588,103],{"class":102},[84,46590,34586],{"class":121},[84,46592,232],{"class":102},[84,46594,46595,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,46596,116],{"class":98},[84,46598,103],{"class":102},[84,46600,334],{"class":139},[84,46602,103],{"class":102},[84,46604,2120],{"class":121},[84,46606,232],{"class":102},[24,46608,265],{},[75,46610,46612],{"className":77,"code":46611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46613,46614,46618,46622,46636],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46615,46616],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46617,2590],{"class":106},[84,46619,46620],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46621,2590],{"class":106},[84,46623,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46625,380],{"class":94},[84,46627,384],{"class":383},[84,46629,388],{"class":387},[84,46631,3321],{"class":391},[84,46633,394],{"class":387},[84,46635,397],{"class":94},[84,46637,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,46639,380],{"class":94},[84,46641,384],{"class":383},[84,46643,388],{"class":387},[84,46645,2070],{"class":391},[84,46647,394],{"class":387},[84,46649,397],{"class":94},[24,46651,46652,46653,46655],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46654,2758],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[70,46657,2038],{"id":2037},[75,46659,46661],{"className":77,"code":46660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46662,46663,46673],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46664,46665,46667,46669,46671],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46666,2070],{"class":139},[84,46668,103],{"class":102},[84,46670,2055],{"class":121},[84,46672,110],{"class":102},[84,46674,46675,46677,46679,46681,46683,46686],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46676,2070],{"class":139},[84,46678,103],{"class":102},[84,46680,2055],{"class":121},[84,46682,282],{"class":102},[84,46684,46685],{"class":121}," base",[84,46687,110],{"class":102},[1667,46689,46691],{"id":46690},"intx",[15,46692,46693],{},"int(x)",[24,46695,46696],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[33,46698,46699,46704,46709],{},[36,46700,46701,46702],{},"a string such as ",[15,46703,41998],{},[36,46705,46706,46707],{},"a float such as ",[15,46708,41856],{},[36,46710,46711,46712],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46713,3481],{},[24,46715,190],{},[75,46717,46719],{"className":77,"code":46718,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46720,46721,46739,46754],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46722,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46724,116],{"class":98},[84,46726,103],{"class":102},[84,46728,2070],{"class":139},[84,46730,103],{"class":102},[84,46732,854],{"class":387},[84,46734,2212],{"class":391},[84,46736,854],{"class":387},[84,46738,232],{"class":102},[84,46740,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749,46752],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46742,116],{"class":98},[84,46744,103],{"class":102},[84,46746,2070],{"class":139},[84,46748,103],{"class":102},[84,46750,46751],{"class":106},"8.7",[84,46753,232],{"class":102},[84,46755,46756,46758,46760,46762,46764,46766],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46757,116],{"class":98},[84,46759,103],{"class":102},[84,46761,2070],{"class":139},[84,46763,103],{"class":102},[84,46765,3481],{"class":659},[84,46767,232],{"class":102},[24,46769,265],{},[75,46771,46773],{"className":77,"code":46772,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46774,46775,46779,46783],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46776,46777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46778,2258],{"class":106},[84,46780,46781],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46782,2263],{"class":106},[84,46784,46785],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46786,514],{"class":106},[1667,46788,46790],{"id":46789},"intx-base",[15,46791,46792],{},"int(x, base)",[24,46794,46795,46796,46798],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46797,2055],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[24,46800,46801],{},"Common bases:",[33,46803,46804,46809,46814],{},[36,46805,46806,46808],{},[15,46807,568],{}," for binary",[36,46810,46811,46813],{},[15,46812,2227],{}," for octal",[36,46815,46816,46819],{},[15,46817,46818],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[24,46821,190],{},[75,46823,46825],{"className":77,"code":46824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46826,46827,46849,46872],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46828,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46830,116],{"class":98},[84,46832,103],{"class":102},[84,46834,2070],{"class":139},[84,46836,103],{"class":102},[84,46838,854],{"class":387},[84,46840,46463],{"class":391},[84,46842,854],{"class":387},[84,46844,282],{"class":102},[84,46846,304],{"class":106},[84,46848,232],{"class":102},[84,46850,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859,46861,46864,46866,46868,46870],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46852,116],{"class":98},[84,46854,103],{"class":102},[84,46856,2070],{"class":139},[84,46858,103],{"class":102},[84,46860,854],{"class":387},[84,46862,46863],{"class":391},"17",[84,46865,854],{"class":387},[84,46867,282],{"class":102},[84,46869,6232],{"class":106},[84,46871,232],{"class":102},[84,46873,46874,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46887,46889,46891,46893],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46875,116],{"class":98},[84,46877,103],{"class":102},[84,46879,2070],{"class":139},[84,46881,103],{"class":102},[84,46883,854],{"class":387},[84,46885,46886],{"class":391},"1A",[84,46888,854],{"class":387},[84,46890,282],{"class":102},[84,46892,13871],{"class":106},[84,46894,232],{"class":102},[24,46896,265],{},[75,46898,46900],{"className":77,"code":46899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46901,46902,46906,46911],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46903,46904],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46905,1184],{"class":106},[84,46907,46908],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46909,46910],{"class":106},"15\n",[84,46912,46913],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46914,46915],{"class":106},"26\n",[24,46917,46918,46919,425],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[419,46920,46921,2184],{"href":2762},[15,46922,2765],{},[70,46924,1442,46926,46928],{"id":46925},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46927,2758],{}," with strings",[24,46930,46931,46933],{},[15,46932,2758],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[24,46935,46936],{},"Examples that work:",[75,46938,46940],{"className":77,"code":46939,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46941,46942,46960,46978],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46943,46944,46946,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956,46958],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46945,116],{"class":98},[84,46947,103],{"class":102},[84,46949,2070],{"class":139},[84,46951,103],{"class":102},[84,46953,854],{"class":387},[84,46955,107],{"class":391},[84,46957,854],{"class":387},[84,46959,232],{"class":102},[84,46961,46962,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,46963,116],{"class":98},[84,46965,103],{"class":102},[84,46967,2070],{"class":139},[84,46969,103],{"class":102},[84,46971,854],{"class":387},[84,46973,2173],{"class":391},[84,46975,854],{"class":387},[84,46977,232],{"class":102},[84,46979,46980,46982,46984,46986,46988,46990,46993,46995],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,46981,116],{"class":98},[84,46983,103],{"class":102},[84,46985,2070],{"class":139},[84,46987,103],{"class":102},[84,46989,854],{"class":387},[84,46991,46992],{"class":391},"  42  ",[84,46994,854],{"class":387},[84,46996,232],{"class":102},[24,46998,265],{},[75,47000,47002],{"className":77,"code":47001,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47003,47004,47008,47014],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47005,47006],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47007,1184],{"class":106},[84,47009,47010,47012],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47011,1906],{"class":94},[84,47013,2105],{"class":106},[84,47015,47016],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47017,46483],{"class":106},[24,47019,47020],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[24,47022,47023],{},"Examples that fail:",[75,47025,47027],{"className":77,"code":47026,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47028,47029,47034],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47030,47031],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47032,47033],{"class":128},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[84,47035,47036],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47037,47038],{"class":128},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[24,47040,47041,47042,47044],{},"These raise ",[15,47043,40575],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1667,47046,47048],{"id":47047},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[75,47050,47052],{"className":77,"code":47051,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47053,47054,47072,47091],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47055,47056,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47057,116],{"class":98},[84,47059,103],{"class":102},[84,47061,2070],{"class":139},[84,47063,103],{"class":102},[84,47065,854],{"class":387},[84,47067,279],{"class":391},[84,47069,854],{"class":387},[84,47071,232],{"class":102},[84,47073,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084,47087,47089],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47075,116],{"class":98},[84,47077,103],{"class":102},[84,47079,2070],{"class":139},[84,47081,103],{"class":102},[84,47083,854],{"class":387},[84,47085,47086],{"class":391},"+7",[84,47088,854],{"class":387},[84,47090,232],{"class":102},[84,47092,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47106,47108],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47094,116],{"class":98},[84,47096,103],{"class":102},[84,47098,2070],{"class":139},[84,47100,103],{"class":102},[84,47102,854],{"class":387},[84,47104,47105],{"class":391},"-100",[84,47107,854],{"class":387},[84,47109,232],{"class":102},[24,47111,265],{},[75,47113,47115],{"className":77,"code":47114,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47116,47117,47121,47125],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47118,47119],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47120,509],{"class":106},[84,47122,47123],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47124,1962],{"class":106},[84,47126,47127,47129],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47128,1906],{"class":94},[84,47130,47131],{"class":106},"100\n",[1667,47133,47135],{"id":47134},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[75,47137,47139],{"className":77,"code":47138,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47140,47141,47179,47183,47195,47202,47217,47232],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47142,47143,47145,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47175,47177],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47144,3698],{"class":90},[84,47146,95],{"class":94},[84,47148,3498],{"class":102},[84,47150,854],{"class":387},[84,47152,40014],{"class":391},[84,47154,854],{"class":387},[84,47156,282],{"class":102},[84,47158,3230],{"class":387},[84,47160,47161],{"class":391},"12abc",[84,47163,854],{"class":387},[84,47165,282],{"class":102},[84,47167,5998],{"class":387},[84,47169,282],{"class":102},[84,47171,3230],{"class":387},[84,47173,47174],{"class":391},"seven",[84,47176,854],{"class":387},[84,47178,317],{"class":102},[84,47180,47181],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47182,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,47184,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47186,440],{"class":470},[84,47188,21467],{"class":90},[84,47190,476],{"class":470},[84,47192,3760],{"class":90},[84,47194,6266],{"class":102},[84,47196,47197,47200],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,47198,47199],{"class":470},"    try",[84,47201,6266],{"class":102},[84,47203,47204,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,47205,47206],{"class":98},"        print",[84,47208,103],{"class":102},[84,47210,2070],{"class":139},[84,47212,103],{"class":102},[84,47214,2354],{"class":121},[84,47216,232],{"class":102},[84,47218,47219,47222,47224,47227,47230],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,47220,47221],{"class":470},"    except",[84,47223,41798],{"class":139},[84,47225,47226],{"class":470}," as",[84,47228,47229],{"class":90}," error",[84,47231,6266],{"class":102},[84,47233,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246,47249,47251,47254,47256,47259,47261,47263],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,47235,47206],{"class":98},[84,47237,103],{"class":102},[84,47239,22175],{"class":383},[84,47241,854],{"class":391},[84,47243,9157],{"class":106},[84,47245,2354],{"class":121},[84,47247,47248],{"class":383},"!r",[84,47250,22184],{"class":106},[84,47252,47253],{"class":391}," -> ",[84,47255,9157],{"class":106},[84,47257,47258],{"class":121},"error",[84,47260,22184],{"class":106},[84,47262,854],{"class":391},[84,47264,110],{"class":102},[24,47266,265],{},[75,47268,47270],{"className":77,"code":47269,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47271,47272,47308,47340,47365],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47273,47274,47276,47278,47280,47283,47286,47288,47290,47292,47295,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47275,394],{"class":43200},[84,47277,40014],{"class":43204},[84,47279,394],{"class":43200},[84,47281,47282],{"class":37239}," ->",[84,47284,47285],{"class":90}," invalid literal ",[84,47287,440],{"class":470},[84,47289,45149],{"class":139},[84,47291,7241],{"class":102},[84,47293,47294],{"class":470}," with",[84,47296,47297],{"class":90}," base ",[84,47299,2212],{"class":106},[84,47301,881],{"class":102},[84,47303,388],{"class":387},[84,47305,40014],{"class":391},[84,47307,1257],{"class":387},[84,47309,47310,47312,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47311,394],{"class":387},[84,47313,47161],{"class":391},[84,47315,394],{"class":387},[84,47317,47282],{"class":37239},[84,47319,47285],{"class":90},[84,47321,440],{"class":470},[84,47323,45149],{"class":139},[84,47325,7241],{"class":102},[84,47327,47294],{"class":470},[84,47329,47297],{"class":90},[84,47331,2212],{"class":106},[84,47333,881],{"class":102},[84,47335,388],{"class":387},[84,47337,47161],{"class":391},[84,47339,1257],{"class":387},[84,47341,47342,47344,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47343,3648],{"class":387},[84,47345,47282],{"class":37239},[84,47347,47285],{"class":90},[84,47349,440],{"class":470},[84,47351,45149],{"class":139},[84,47353,7241],{"class":102},[84,47355,47294],{"class":470},[84,47357,47297],{"class":90},[84,47359,2212],{"class":106},[84,47361,881],{"class":102},[84,47363,47364],{"class":387}," ''\n",[84,47366,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,47368,394],{"class":387},[84,47370,47174],{"class":391},[84,47372,394],{"class":387},[84,47374,47282],{"class":37239},[84,47376,47285],{"class":90},[84,47378,440],{"class":470},[84,47380,45149],{"class":139},[84,47382,7241],{"class":102},[84,47384,47294],{"class":470},[84,47386,47297],{"class":90},[84,47388,2212],{"class":106},[84,47390,881],{"class":102},[84,47392,388],{"class":387},[84,47394,47174],{"class":391},[84,47396,1257],{"class":387},[24,47398,47399,47400,47402,47403,425],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[419,47401,8859],{"href":8858}," and the ",[419,47404,47405,2184],{"href":8096},[15,47406,2837],{},[70,47408,1442,47410,47412],{"id":47409},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47411,2758],{}," with floats",[24,47414,47415,47416,47418],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47417,2758],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[24,47420,47421,47422,13937,47424,47426],{},"Important: ",[15,47423,2758],{},[42,47425,1367],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[75,47428,47430],{"className":77,"code":47429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47431,47432,47446,47461,47477],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47433,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47435,116],{"class":98},[84,47437,103],{"class":102},[84,47439,2070],{"class":139},[84,47441,103],{"class":102},[84,47443,41856],{"class":106},[84,47445,232],{"class":102},[84,47447,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456,47459],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47449,116],{"class":98},[84,47451,103],{"class":102},[84,47453,2070],{"class":139},[84,47455,103],{"class":102},[84,47457,47458],{"class":106},"3.1",[84,47460,232],{"class":102},[84,47462,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47464,116],{"class":98},[84,47466,103],{"class":102},[84,47468,2070],{"class":139},[84,47470,103],{"class":102},[84,47472,1906],{"class":94},[84,47474,41856],{"class":106},[84,47476,232],{"class":102},[84,47478,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,47480,116],{"class":98},[84,47482,103],{"class":102},[84,47484,2070],{"class":139},[84,47486,103],{"class":102},[84,47488,1906],{"class":94},[84,47490,47458],{"class":106},[84,47492,232],{"class":102},[24,47494,265],{},[75,47496,47498],{"className":77,"code":47497,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47499,47500,47504,47508,47514],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47501,47502],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47503,524],{"class":106},[84,47505,47506],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47507,524],{"class":106},[84,47509,47510,47512],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47511,1906],{"class":94},[84,47513,524],{"class":106},[84,47515,47516,47518],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,47517,1906],{"class":94},[84,47519,524],{"class":106},[24,47521,47522],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[33,47524,47525,47532],{},[36,47526,47527,42027,47530],{},[15,47528,47529],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47531,1162],{},[36,47533,47534,42027,47537],{},[15,47535,47536],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47538,47539],{},"-3",[24,47541,47542,47543,47547,47548,425],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[419,47544,47545],{"href":2762},[15,47546,2765],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[419,47549,47550],{"href":42047},[15,47551,47552],{},"str()",[70,47554,1442,47556,47558],{"id":47555},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47557,2758],{}," with booleans",[24,47560,47561],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[75,47563,47565],{"className":77,"code":47564,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47566,47567,47581],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47568,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577,47579],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47570,116],{"class":98},[84,47572,103],{"class":102},[84,47574,2070],{"class":139},[84,47576,103],{"class":102},[84,47578,3481],{"class":659},[84,47580,232],{"class":102},[84,47582,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47584,116],{"class":98},[84,47586,103],{"class":102},[84,47588,2070],{"class":139},[84,47590,103],{"class":102},[84,47592,3548],{"class":659},[84,47594,232],{"class":102},[24,47596,265],{},[75,47598,47600],{"className":77,"code":47599,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n0\n",[15,47601,47602,47606],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47603,47604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47605,514],{"class":106},[84,47607,47608],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47609,509],{"class":106},[24,47611,47612],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[75,47614,47616],{"className":77,"code":47615,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47617,47618,47627,47642,47646],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47619,47620,47623,47625],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47621,47622],{"class":90},"passed ",[84,47624,95],{"class":94},[84,47626,6296],{"class":659},[84,47628,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47640],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47630,41054],{"class":90},[84,47632,95],{"class":94},[84,47634,45149],{"class":139},[84,47636,103],{"class":102},[84,47638,47639],{"class":121},"passed",[84,47641,110],{"class":102},[84,47643,47644],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47645,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,47647,47648,47650,47652,47654],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,47649,116],{"class":98},[84,47651,103],{"class":102},[84,47653,41083],{"class":121},[84,47655,110],{"class":102},[24,47657,265],{},[75,47659,47660],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,47661,47662],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47663,47664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47665,514],{"class":106},[24,47667,47668,47669,425],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[419,47670,47671,2184],{"href":5654},[15,47672,3688],{},[70,47674,47676],{"id":47675},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[24,47678,47679,47680,47683],{},"Use the ",[15,47681,47682],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1667,47685,47687],{"id":47686},"binary-example","Binary example",[75,47689,47691],{"className":77,"code":47690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47692,47693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47694,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709,47711,47713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47696,116],{"class":98},[84,47698,103],{"class":102},[84,47700,2070],{"class":139},[84,47702,103],{"class":102},[84,47704,854],{"class":387},[84,47706,46463],{"class":391},[84,47708,854],{"class":387},[84,47710,282],{"class":102},[84,47712,304],{"class":106},[84,47714,232],{"class":102},[24,47716,265],{},[75,47718,47719],{"className":77,"code":1184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,47720,47721],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47722,47723],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47724,1184],{"class":106},[24,47726,47727,47730],{},[15,47728,47729],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[33,47732,47733,47738,47743],{},[36,47734,47735],{},[15,47736,47737],{},"1 × 4",[36,47739,47740],{},[15,47741,47742],{},"0 × 2",[36,47744,47745],{},[15,47746,47747],{},"1 × 1",[24,47749,47750,47751,425],{},"So the result is ",[15,47752,107],{},[1667,47754,47756],{"id":47755},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[75,47758,47760],{"className":77,"code":47759,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47761,47762],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47763,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47778,47780,47782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47765,116],{"class":98},[84,47767,103],{"class":102},[84,47769,2070],{"class":139},[84,47771,103],{"class":102},[84,47773,854],{"class":387},[84,47775,46886],{"class":391},[84,47777,854],{"class":387},[84,47779,282],{"class":102},[84,47781,13871],{"class":106},[84,47783,232],{"class":102},[24,47785,265],{},[75,47787,47788],{"className":77,"code":46915,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,47789,47790],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47791,47792],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47793,46915],{"class":106},[1667,47795,47797],{"id":47796},"important-rule","Important rule",[24,47799,1862,47800,47802],{},[15,47801,47682],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[24,47804,47805],{},"Good:",[75,47807,47808],{"className":77,"code":47690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,47809,47810],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47811,47812,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47813,116],{"class":98},[84,47815,103],{"class":102},[84,47817,2070],{"class":139},[84,47819,103],{"class":102},[84,47821,854],{"class":387},[84,47823,46463],{"class":391},[84,47825,854],{"class":387},[84,47827,282],{"class":102},[84,47829,304],{"class":106},[84,47831,232],{"class":102},[24,47833,47834],{},"Not correct:",[75,47836,47838],{"className":77,"code":47837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47839,47840],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47841,47842],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47843,47837],{"class":128},[24,47845,47846,47847,8478,47849,47851],{},"That causes a ",[15,47848,2884],{},[15,47850,47682],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[70,47853,47855],{"id":47854},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[24,47857,47858,47859,47861,47862,28,47864,425],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47860,2758],{}," are ",[15,47863,40575],{},[15,47865,2884],{},[1667,47867,47868],{"id":41385},[15,47869,40575],{},[24,47871,47872],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[24,47874,190],{},[75,47876,47878],{"className":77,"code":47877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47879,47880,47886,47904,47916],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47881,47882,47884],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47883,29679],{"class":470},[84,47885,6266],{"class":102},[84,47887,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898,47900,47902],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,47889,490],{"class":98},[84,47891,103],{"class":102},[84,47893,2070],{"class":139},[84,47895,103],{"class":102},[84,47897,854],{"class":387},[84,47899,40014],{"class":391},[84,47901,854],{"class":387},[84,47903,232],{"class":102},[84,47905,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,47907,29710],{"class":470},[84,47909,41798],{"class":139},[84,47911,47226],{"class":470},[84,47913,47229],{"class":90},[84,47915,6266],{"class":102},[84,47917,47918,47920,47922,47924],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,47919,490],{"class":98},[84,47921,103],{"class":102},[84,47923,47258],{"class":121},[84,47925,110],{"class":102},[24,47927,265],{},[75,47929,47931],{"className":77,"code":47930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47932,47933],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47934,47935,47938,47940,47942,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954,47956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47936,47937],{"class":90},"invalid literal ",[84,47939,440],{"class":470},[84,47941,45149],{"class":139},[84,47943,7241],{"class":102},[84,47945,47294],{"class":470},[84,47947,47297],{"class":90},[84,47949,2212],{"class":106},[84,47951,881],{"class":102},[84,47953,388],{"class":387},[84,47955,40014],{"class":391},[84,47957,1257],{"class":387},[24,47959,47960,47961,47964,47965,47967],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47962,47963],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47966,2758],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[75,47969,47971],{"className":77,"code":47970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47972,47973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47974,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47976,116],{"class":98},[84,47978,103],{"class":102},[84,47980,2070],{"class":139},[84,47982,103],{"class":102},[84,47984,2073],{"class":139},[84,47986,103],{"class":102},[84,47988,854],{"class":387},[84,47990,40014],{"class":391},[84,47992,854],{"class":387},[84,47994,345],{"class":102},[24,47996,265],{},[75,47998,47999],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48000,48001],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48002,48003],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48004,524],{"class":106},[24,48006,48007,48008,28,48011,425],{},"If you see this often, read ",[419,48009,48010],{"href":2841},"how to convert string to int in Python",[419,48012,1278,48013],{"href":45788},[15,48014,45789],{},[1667,48016,48017],{"id":41451},[15,48018,2884],{},[24,48020,48021],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[24,48023,190],{},[75,48025,48027],{"className":77,"code":48026,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48028,48029,48035,48049,48062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48030,48031,48033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48032,29679],{"class":470},[84,48034,6266],{"class":102},[84,48036,48037,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,48038,490],{"class":98},[84,48040,103],{"class":102},[84,48042,2070],{"class":139},[84,48044,103],{"class":102},[84,48046,3653],{"class":659},[84,48048,232],{"class":102},[84,48050,48051,48053,48056,48058,48060],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,48052,29710],{"class":470},[84,48054,48055],{"class":139}," TypeError",[84,48057,47226],{"class":470},[84,48059,47229],{"class":90},[84,48061,6266],{"class":102},[84,48063,48064,48066,48068,48070],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,48065,490],{"class":98},[84,48067,103],{"class":102},[84,48069,47258],{"class":121},[84,48071,110],{"class":102},[24,48073,265],{},[75,48075,48077],{"className":77,"code":48076,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48078,48079],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48080,48081,48083,48085,48088,48090,48092,48095,48097,48100,48102,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113,48116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48082,2070],{"class":139},[84,48084,7241],{"class":102},[84,48086,48087],{"class":90}," argument must be a string",[84,48089,282],{"class":102},[84,48091,44417],{"class":90},[84,48093,48094],{"class":139},"bytes",[84,48096,1906],{"class":94},[84,48098,48099],{"class":90},"like ",[84,48101,42270],{"class":139},[84,48103,48104],{"class":94}," or",[84,48106,40711],{"class":90},[84,48108,282],{"class":102},[84,48110,7976],{"class":94},[84,48112,388],{"class":387},[84,48114,48115],{"class":391},"NoneType",[84,48117,1257],{"class":387},[24,48119,48120,48121,48123],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48122,47682],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[75,48125,48127],{"className":77,"code":48126,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48128,48129,48135,48153,48165],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48130,48131,48133],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48132,29679],{"class":470},[84,48134,6266],{"class":102},[84,48136,48137,48139,48141,48143,48145,48147,48149,48151],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,48138,490],{"class":98},[84,48140,103],{"class":102},[84,48142,2070],{"class":139},[84,48144,103],{"class":102},[84,48146,46463],{"class":106},[84,48148,282],{"class":102},[84,48150,304],{"class":106},[84,48152,232],{"class":102},[84,48154,48155,48157,48159,48161,48163],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,48156,29710],{"class":470},[84,48158,48055],{"class":139},[84,48160,47226],{"class":470},[84,48162,47229],{"class":90},[84,48164,6266],{"class":102},[84,48166,48167,48169,48171,48173],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,48168,490],{"class":98},[84,48170,103],{"class":102},[84,48172,47258],{"class":121},[84,48174,110],{"class":102},[24,48176,265],{},[75,48178,48180],{"className":77,"code":48179,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48181,48182],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48183,48184,48186,48188,48191,48193],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48185,2070],{"class":139},[84,48187,7241],{"class":102},[84,48189,48190],{"class":90}," can",[84,48192,394],{"class":387},[84,48194,48195],{"class":391},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[70,48197,792,48199],{"id":48198},"when-to-use-int",[15,48200,2758],{},[24,48202,153,48203,48205],{},[15,48204,2758],{}," when you need a whole number.",[24,48207,48208],{},"Common uses:",[33,48210,48211,48217,48220,48223],{},[36,48212,48213,48214,48216],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48215,2837],{}," into integers",[36,48218,48219],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[36,48221,48222],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[36,48224,48225,48226,36487],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48227,47682],{},[24,48229,48230],{},"Example with user input:",[75,48232,48234],{"className":77,"code":48233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48235,48236,48250,48265,48269],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48237,48238,48241,48243,48245,48248],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48239,48240],{"class":90},"age_text ",[84,48242,95],{"class":94},[84,48244,3230],{"class":387},[84,48246,48247],{"class":391},"18",[84,48249,3236],{"class":387},[84,48251,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48263],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,48253,21511],{"class":90},[84,48255,95],{"class":94},[84,48257,45149],{"class":139},[84,48259,103],{"class":102},[84,48261,48262],{"class":121},"age_text",[84,48264,110],{"class":102},[84,48266,48267],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,48268,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,48270,48271,48273,48275,48277,48279,48281],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,48272,116],{"class":98},[84,48274,103],{"class":102},[84,48276,21511],{"class":121},[84,48278,1943],{"class":94},[84,48280,299],{"class":106},[84,48282,110],{"class":102},[24,48284,265],{},[75,48286,48288],{"className":77,"code":48287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"19\n",[15,48289,48290],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48291,48292],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48293,48287],{"class":106},[70,48295,1434],{"id":1433},[24,48297,14617,48298,425],{},[15,48299,2758],{},[1667,48301,48303],{"id":48302},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[24,48305,48306],{},"This fails:",[75,48308,48310],{"className":77,"code":48309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48311,48312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48313,48314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48315,48309],{"class":128},[24,48317,48318,48319,48322],{},"Why: ",[15,48320,48321],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[24,48324,18724],{},[75,48326,48328],{"className":77,"code":48327,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48329,48330],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48331,48332,48334,48336,48338,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348,48350],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48333,116],{"class":98},[84,48335,103],{"class":102},[84,48337,2070],{"class":139},[84,48339,103],{"class":102},[84,48341,2073],{"class":139},[84,48343,103],{"class":102},[84,48345,854],{"class":387},[84,48347,40995],{"class":391},[84,48349,854],{"class":387},[84,48351,345],{"class":102},[1667,48353,48355],{"id":48354},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[24,48357,48306],{},[75,48359,48361],{"className":77,"code":48360,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48362,48363],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48364,48365],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48366,48360],{"class":128},[24,48368,48369],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1667,48371,48373,48374],{"id":48372},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48375,48376],{},"int(None)",[24,48378,48379,48380,48382],{},"This fails because ",[15,48381,3653],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[75,48384,48386],{"className":77,"code":48385,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48387,48388,48397,48401,48407,48421,48433],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48389,48390,48392,48394],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48391,2329],{"class":90},[84,48393,95],{"class":94},[84,48395,48396],{"class":659}," None\n",[84,48398,48399],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,48400,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,48402,48403,48405],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,48404,29679],{"class":470},[84,48406,6266],{"class":102},[84,48408,48409,48411,48413,48415,48417,48419],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,48410,490],{"class":98},[84,48412,103],{"class":102},[84,48414,2070],{"class":139},[84,48416,103],{"class":102},[84,48418,2354],{"class":121},[84,48420,232],{"class":102},[84,48422,48423,48425,48427,48429,48431],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,48424,29710],{"class":470},[84,48426,48055],{"class":139},[84,48428,47226],{"class":470},[84,48430,47229],{"class":90},[84,48432,6266],{"class":102},[84,48434,48435,48437,48439,48441],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,48436,490],{"class":98},[84,48438,103],{"class":102},[84,48440,47258],{"class":121},[84,48442,110],{"class":102},[1667,48444,48446],{"id":48445},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[24,48448,48306],{},[75,48450,48451],{"className":77,"code":47837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48452,48453],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48454,48455],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48456,47837],{"class":128},[24,48458,48459],{},"Use a string instead:",[75,48461,48462],{"className":77,"code":47690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48463,48464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48465,48466,48468,48470,48472,48474,48476,48478,48480,48482,48484],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48467,116],{"class":98},[84,48469,103],{"class":102},[84,48471,2070],{"class":139},[84,48473,103],{"class":102},[84,48475,854],{"class":387},[84,48477,46463],{"class":391},[84,48479,854],{"class":387},[84,48481,282],{"class":102},[84,48483,304],{"class":106},[84,48485,232],{"class":102},[1667,48487,8329,48489,48491],{"id":48488},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48490,2758],{}," to round",[24,48493,48494],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[75,48496,48498],{"className":77,"code":48497,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48499,48500],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48501,48502,48504,48506,48508,48510,48513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48503,116],{"class":98},[84,48505,103],{"class":102},[84,48507,2070],{"class":139},[84,48509,103],{"class":102},[84,48511,48512],{"class":106},"4.9",[84,48514,232],{"class":102},[24,48516,265],{},[75,48518,48519],{"className":77,"code":529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48520,48521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48522,48523],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48524,529],{"class":106},[24,48526,3049,48527,48529,48530,48532],{},[15,48528,107],{},", remember that ",[15,48531,2758],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[70,48534,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,48536,12586,48538,48540],{"id":48537},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48539,2758],{}," round numbers?",[24,48542,1676,48543,48545],{},[15,48544,2758],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1667,48547,1753,48549,48552],{"id":48548},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48550,48551],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[24,48554,28938,48555,48557,48558,48560,48561,39800],{},[15,48556,47963],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48559,2765],{}," first, then use ",[15,48562,2758],{},[1667,48564,5016,48566,12598],{"id":48565},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48567,48568],{},"int(True)",[24,48570,5022,48571,28190,48573,42027,48575,425],{},[15,48572,838],{},[15,48574,3548],{},[15,48576,279],{},[1667,48578,48580],{"id":48579},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[24,48582,48583],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[70,48585,1777],{"id":1776},[33,48587,48588,48594,48600,48606,48611,48615,48621],{},[36,48589,48590],{},[419,48591,48592,424],{"href":2762},[15,48593,2765],{},[36,48595,48596],{},[419,48597,48598,424],{"href":42047},[15,48599,47552],{},[36,48601,48602],{},[419,48603,48604,424],{"href":5654},[15,48605,3688],{},[36,48607,48608],{},[419,48609,48610],{"href":2841},"How to convert string to int in Python",[36,48612,48613],{},[419,48614,8936],{"href":8858},[36,48616,48617],{},[419,48618,48619,424],{"href":8096},[15,48620,2837],{},[36,48622,48623],{},[419,48624,30223,48625],{"href":45788},[15,48626,45789],{},[1814,48628,48629],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":48631},[48632,48633,48635,48639,48644,48646,48648,48653,48657,48659,48668,48677],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":46499,"depth":113,"text":48634},"What int() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":48636},[48637,48638],{"id":46690,"depth":132,"text":46693},{"id":46789,"depth":132,"text":46792},{"id":46925,"depth":113,"text":48640,"children":48641},"Using int() with strings",[48642,48643],{"id":47047,"depth":132,"text":47048},{"id":47134,"depth":132,"text":47135},{"id":47409,"depth":113,"text":48645},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47555,"depth":113,"text":48647},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47675,"depth":113,"text":47676,"children":48649},[48650,48651,48652],{"id":47686,"depth":132,"text":47687},{"id":47755,"depth":132,"text":47756},{"id":47796,"depth":132,"text":47797},{"id":47854,"depth":113,"text":47855,"children":48654},[48655,48656],{"id":41385,"depth":132,"text":40575},{"id":41451,"depth":132,"text":2884},{"id":48198,"depth":113,"text":48658},"When to use int()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":48660},[48661,48662,48663,48665,48666],{"id":48302,"depth":132,"text":48303},{"id":48354,"depth":132,"text":48355},{"id":48372,"depth":132,"text":48664},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48445,"depth":132,"text":48446},{"id":48488,"depth":132,"text":48667},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":48669},[48670,48672,48674,48676],{"id":48537,"depth":132,"text":48671},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48548,"depth":132,"text":48673},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48565,"depth":132,"text":48675},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48579,"depth":132,"text":48580},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41968,"description":48678},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48685,"title":48686,"body":48687,"description":50523,"extension":1845,"meta":50524,"navigation":237,"path":44675,"seo":50525,"stem":50526,"__hash__":50527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48688,"toc":50479},[48689,48694,48699,48707,48716,48718,48777,48783,48788,48793,48796,48824,48827,48830,48841,48851,48853,48855,48875,48879,48907,48909,48948,48950,48958,48960,48963,48967,49020,49022,49034,49038,49095,49097,49109,49115,49121,49125,49128,49131,49197,49199,49211,49217,49219,49271,49274,49315,49318,49325,49334,49340,49343,49376,49382,49385,49416,49422,49425,49437,49441,49446,49450,49608,49610,49625,49628,49632,49736,49738,49755,49759,49820,49822,49830,49833,49837,49904,49906,49915,49921,49923,49932,49934,49969,49974,49976,50006,50010,50012,50049,50052,50054,50091,50097,50099,50149,50151,50159,50169,50175,50179,50184,50233,50235,50248,50251,50253,50256,50331,50334,50353,50356,50386,50396,50398,50403,50410,50416,50422,50429,50437,50443,50446,50448,50476],[10,48690,13,48692,3456],{"id":48691},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48693,44678],{},[24,48695,48696,48698],{},[15,48697,44678],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[24,48700,48701,48702,2759,48704,48706],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48703,3481],{},[15,48705,3548],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[24,48708,48709,48710,48712,48713,48715],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48711,44678],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48714,2183],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[70,48717,73],{"id":72},[75,48719,48721],{"className":77,"code":48720,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48722,48723,48731,48735,48756],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48724,48725,48727,48729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48726,2329],{"class":90},[84,48728,95],{"class":94},[84,48730,2468],{"class":106},[84,48732,48733],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,48734,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,48736,48737,48739,48741,48744,48746,48748,48750,48752,48754],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,48738,116],{"class":98},[84,48740,103],{"class":102},[84,48742,48743],{"class":98},"isinstance",[84,48745,103],{"class":102},[84,48747,2354],{"class":121},[84,48749,282],{"class":102},[84,48751,45149],{"class":139},[84,48753,147],{"class":102},[84,48755,43727],{"class":128},[84,48757,48758,48760,48762,48764,48766,48768,48770,48773,48775],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,48759,116],{"class":98},[84,48761,103],{"class":102},[84,48763,48743],{"class":98},[84,48765,103],{"class":102},[84,48767,2354],{"class":121},[84,48769,282],{"class":102},[84,48771,48772],{"class":139}," str",[84,48774,147],{"class":102},[84,48776,43744],{"class":128},[24,48778,153,48779,48782],{},[15,48780,48781],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[70,48784,429,48786,3554],{"id":48785},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48787,44678],{},[24,48789,48790,48792],{},[15,48791,44678],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[24,48794,48795],{},"It:",[33,48797,48798,48801,48807,48810],{},[36,48799,48800],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[36,48802,11303,48803,2759,48805],{},[15,48804,3481],{},[15,48806,3548],{},[36,48808,48809],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[36,48811,48812,48813,1263,48815,1263,48817,1263,48819,16954,48822],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48814,3321],{},[15,48816,2070],{},[15,48818,140],{},[15,48820,48821],{},"tuple",[15,48823,8699],{},[24,48825,48826],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[24,48828,48829],{},"For example, you might want to:",[33,48831,48832,48835,48838],{},[36,48833,48834],{},"loop through a list",[36,48836,48837],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[36,48839,48840],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[24,48842,48843,48844,2759,48847,425],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[419,48845,44670],{"href":48846},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[419,48848,48850],{"href":48849},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[70,48852,2038],{"id":2037},[24,48854,2041],{},[75,48856,48858],{"className":77,"code":48857,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48859,48860],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48861,48862,48864,48866,48868,48870,48873],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48863,48743],{"class":98},[84,48865,103],{"class":102},[84,48867,42270],{"class":139},[84,48869,282],{"class":102},[84,48871,48872],{"class":121}," classinfo",[84,48874,110],{"class":102},[1667,48876,48878],{"id":48877},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[33,48880,48881,48886,48900],{},[36,48882,48883,48885],{},[15,48884,42270],{}," is the value you want to test",[36,48887,48888,48891,48892,1263,48894,1263,48896,1267,48898],{},[15,48889,48890],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48893,2070],{},[15,48895,3321],{},[15,48897,140],{},[15,48899,8699],{},[36,48901,48902,48903,2759,48905],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48904,3481],{},[15,48906,3548],{},[24,48908,190],{},[75,48910,48912],{"className":77,"code":48911,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48913,48914,48926,48930],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48915,48916,48918,48920,48922,48924],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48917,7754],{"class":90},[84,48919,95],{"class":94},[84,48921,3230],{"class":387},[84,48923,11389],{"class":391},[84,48925,3236],{"class":387},[84,48927,48928],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,48929,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,48931,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940,48942,48944,48946],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,48933,116],{"class":98},[84,48935,103],{"class":102},[84,48937,48743],{"class":98},[84,48939,103],{"class":102},[84,48941,7544],{"class":121},[84,48943,282],{"class":102},[84,48945,48772],{"class":139},[84,48947,232],{"class":102},[24,48949,265],{},[75,48951,48952],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48953,48954],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48955,48956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48957,660],{"class":659},[70,48959,11355],{"id":11354},[24,48961,48962],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1667,48964,48966],{"id":48965},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[75,48968,48970],{"className":77,"code":48969,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48971,48972,48980,48984,49002],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48973,48974,48976,48978],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48975,2329],{"class":90},[84,48977,95],{"class":94},[84,48979,45098],{"class":106},[84,48981,48982],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,48983,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,48985,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,48987,116],{"class":98},[84,48989,103],{"class":102},[84,48991,48743],{"class":98},[84,48993,103],{"class":102},[84,48995,2354],{"class":121},[84,48997,282],{"class":102},[84,48999,45149],{"class":139},[84,49001,232],{"class":102},[84,49003,49004,49006,49008,49010,49012,49014,49016,49018],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,49005,116],{"class":98},[84,49007,103],{"class":102},[84,49009,48743],{"class":98},[84,49011,103],{"class":102},[84,49013,2354],{"class":121},[84,49015,282],{"class":102},[84,49017,48772],{"class":139},[84,49019,232],{"class":102},[24,49021,265],{},[75,49023,49024],{"className":77,"code":44046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49025,49026,49030],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49027,49028],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49029,660],{"class":659},[84,49031,49032],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49033,3913],{"class":659},[1667,49035,49037],{"id":49036},"check-text","Check text",[75,49039,49041],{"className":77,"code":49040,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49042,49043,49055,49059,49077],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49044,49045,49047,49049,49051,49053],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49046,34565],{"class":90},[84,49048,95],{"class":94},[84,49050,3230],{"class":387},[84,49052,3721],{"class":391},[84,49054,3236],{"class":387},[84,49056,49057],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49058,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49060,49061,49063,49065,49067,49069,49071,49073,49075],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49062,116],{"class":98},[84,49064,103],{"class":102},[84,49066,48743],{"class":98},[84,49068,103],{"class":102},[84,49070,34586],{"class":121},[84,49072,282],{"class":102},[84,49074,48772],{"class":139},[84,49076,232],{"class":102},[84,49078,49079,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,49080,116],{"class":98},[84,49082,103],{"class":102},[84,49084,48743],{"class":98},[84,49086,103],{"class":102},[84,49088,34586],{"class":121},[84,49090,282],{"class":102},[84,49092,45149],{"class":139},[84,49094,232],{"class":102},[24,49096,265],{},[75,49098,49099],{"className":77,"code":44046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49100,49101,49105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49102,49103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49104,660],{"class":659},[84,49106,49107],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49108,3913],{"class":659},[24,49110,49111,49112,49114],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49113,44678],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[24,49116,49117,49118,425],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[419,49119,49120],{"href":2841},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[70,49122,49124],{"id":49123},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[24,49126,49127],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[24,49129,49130],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[75,49132,49134],{"className":77,"code":49133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49135,49136,49145,49149,49173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49137,49138,49140,49142],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49139,2329],{"class":90},[84,49141,95],{"class":94},[84,49143,49144],{"class":106}," 3.5\n",[84,49146,49147],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49148,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49150,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49152,116],{"class":98},[84,49154,103],{"class":102},[84,49156,48743],{"class":98},[84,49158,103],{"class":102},[84,49160,2354],{"class":121},[84,49162,282],{"class":102},[84,49164,9115],{"class":102},[84,49166,2070],{"class":139},[84,49168,282],{"class":102},[84,49170,40126],{"class":139},[84,49172,345],{"class":102},[84,49174,49175,49177,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189,49191,49193,49195],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,49176,116],{"class":98},[84,49178,103],{"class":102},[84,49180,48743],{"class":98},[84,49182,103],{"class":102},[84,49184,2354],{"class":121},[84,49186,282],{"class":102},[84,49188,9115],{"class":102},[84,49190,3321],{"class":139},[84,49192,282],{"class":102},[84,49194,220],{"class":139},[84,49196,345],{"class":102},[24,49198,265],{},[75,49200,49201],{"className":77,"code":44046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49202,49203,49207],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49204,49205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49206,660],{"class":659},[84,49208,49209],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49210,3913],{"class":659},[24,49212,49213,49214,49216],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49215,40708],{}," conditions.",[24,49218,8175],{},[75,49220,49222],{"className":77,"code":49221,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49223,49224,49232,49236],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49225,49226,49228,49230],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49227,2329],{"class":90},[84,49229,95],{"class":94},[84,49231,49144],{"class":106},[84,49233,49234],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49235,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49237,49238,49240,49242,49244,49246,49248,49250,49252,49254,49256,49259,49261,49263,49265,49267,49269],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49239,116],{"class":98},[84,49241,103],{"class":102},[84,49243,334],{"class":139},[84,49245,103],{"class":102},[84,49247,2354],{"class":121},[84,49249,125],{"class":102},[84,49251,6281],{"class":94},[84,49253,45149],{"class":139},[84,49255,48104],{"class":470},[84,49257,49258],{"class":139}," type",[84,49260,103],{"class":102},[84,49262,2354],{"class":121},[84,49264,125],{"class":102},[84,49266,6281],{"class":94},[84,49268,40126],{"class":139},[84,49270,110],{"class":102},[24,49272,49273],{},"you can write this:",[75,49275,49277],{"className":77,"code":49276,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49278,49279,49287,49291],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49280,49281,49283,49285],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49282,2329],{"class":90},[84,49284,95],{"class":94},[84,49286,49144],{"class":106},[84,49288,49289],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49290,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49292,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49294,116],{"class":98},[84,49296,103],{"class":102},[84,49298,48743],{"class":98},[84,49300,103],{"class":102},[84,49302,2354],{"class":121},[84,49304,282],{"class":102},[84,49306,9115],{"class":102},[84,49308,2070],{"class":139},[84,49310,282],{"class":102},[84,49312,40126],{"class":139},[84,49314,345],{"class":102},[24,49316,49317],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[70,49319,49321,18,49323],{"id":49320},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49322,44678],{},[15,49324,2183],{},[24,49326,10470,49327,28,49329,49333],{},[15,49328,44678],{},[419,49330,49331],{"href":2180},[15,49332,2183],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1667,49335,49337],{"id":49336},"typevalue-int",[15,49338,49339],{},"type(value) == int",[24,49341,49342],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[75,49344,49346],{"className":77,"code":49345,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49347,49348,49356],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49349,49350,49352,49354],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49351,2329],{"class":90},[84,49353,95],{"class":94},[84,49355,2468],{"class":106},[84,49357,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49359,116],{"class":98},[84,49361,103],{"class":102},[84,49363,334],{"class":139},[84,49365,103],{"class":102},[84,49367,2354],{"class":121},[84,49369,125],{"class":102},[84,49371,6281],{"class":94},[84,49373,45149],{"class":139},[84,49375,110],{"class":102},[1667,49377,49379],{"id":49378},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49380,49381],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[24,49383,49384],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[75,49386,49388],{"className":77,"code":49387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49389,49390,49398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49391,49392,49394,49396],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49393,2329],{"class":90},[84,49395,95],{"class":94},[84,49397,2468],{"class":106},[84,49399,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408,49410,49412,49414],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49401,116],{"class":98},[84,49403,103],{"class":102},[84,49405,48743],{"class":98},[84,49407,103],{"class":102},[84,49409,2354],{"class":121},[84,49411,282],{"class":102},[84,49413,45149],{"class":139},[84,49415,232],{"class":102},[24,49417,49418,49419,49421],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49420,44678],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[24,49423,49424],{},"In everyday code:",[33,49426,49427,49432],{},[36,49428,39861,49429,49431],{},[15,49430,2183],{}," when you need the exact type",[36,49433,39861,49434,49436],{},[15,49435,44678],{}," when you want a practical type check",[70,49438,49440],{"id":49439},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[24,49442,49443,49444,425],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49445,44678],{},[1667,49447,49449],{"id":49448},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[75,49451,49453],{"className":77,"code":49452,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49454,49455,49473,49492,49504,49509,49527,49538,49542,49554,49558,49582],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49456,49457,49459,49462,49464,49466,49468,49471],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49458,34728],{"class":383},[84,49460,49461],{"class":34731}," repeat_text",[84,49463,103],{"class":102},[84,49465,34586],{"class":37532},[84,49467,282],{"class":102},[84,49469,49470],{"class":37532}," count",[84,49472,485],{"class":102},[84,49474,49475,49477,49479,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49476,6271],{"class":470},[84,49478,7976],{"class":94},[84,49480,49481],{"class":98}," isinstance",[84,49483,103],{"class":102},[84,49485,34586],{"class":121},[84,49487,282],{"class":102},[84,49489,48772],{"class":139},[84,49491,485],{"class":102},[84,49493,49494,49497,49499,49502],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49495,49496],{"class":470},"        return",[84,49498,3230],{"class":387},[84,49500,49501],{"class":391},"text must be a string",[84,49503,3236],{"class":387},[84,49505,49506],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,49507,49508],{"class":90},"    \n",[84,49510,49511,49513,49515,49517,49519,49521,49523,49525],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,49512,6271],{"class":470},[84,49514,7976],{"class":94},[84,49516,49481],{"class":98},[84,49518,103],{"class":102},[84,49520,41131],{"class":121},[84,49522,282],{"class":102},[84,49524,45149],{"class":139},[84,49526,485],{"class":102},[84,49528,49529,49531,49533,49536],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,49530,49496],{"class":470},[84,49532,3230],{"class":387},[84,49534,49535],{"class":391},"count must be an integer",[84,49537,3236],{"class":387},[84,49539,49540],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,49541,49508],{"class":90},[84,49543,49544,49546,49549,49551],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,49545,34739],{"class":470},[84,49547,49548],{"class":90}," text ",[84,49550,39743],{"class":94},[84,49552,49553],{"class":90}," count\n",[84,49555,49556],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,49557,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49559,49560,49562,49564,49567,49569,49571,49574,49576,49578,49580],{"class":86,"line":6310},[84,49561,116],{"class":98},[84,49563,103],{"class":102},[84,49565,49566],{"class":121},"repeat_text",[84,49568,103],{"class":102},[84,49570,854],{"class":387},[84,49572,49573],{"class":391},"Hi ",[84,49575,854],{"class":387},[84,49577,282],{"class":102},[84,49579,309],{"class":106},[84,49581,232],{"class":102},[84,49583,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602,49604,49606],{"class":86,"line":11475},[84,49585,116],{"class":98},[84,49587,103],{"class":102},[84,49589,49566],{"class":121},[84,49591,103],{"class":102},[84,49593,854],{"class":387},[84,49595,49573],{"class":391},[84,49597,854],{"class":387},[84,49599,282],{"class":102},[84,49601,3230],{"class":387},[84,49603,1162],{"class":391},[84,49605,854],{"class":387},[84,49607,232],{"class":102},[24,49609,265],{},[75,49611,49613],{"className":77,"code":49612,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49614,49615,49620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49616,49617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49618,49619],{"class":90},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[84,49621,49622],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49623,49624],{"class":90},"count must be an integer\n",[24,49626,49627],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1667,49629,49631],{"id":49630},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[75,49633,49635],{"className":77,"code":49634,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49636,49637,49669,49673,49689,49704,49721],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49638,49639,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665,49667],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49640,2329],{"class":90},[84,49642,95],{"class":94},[84,49644,3498],{"class":102},[84,49646,854],{"class":387},[84,49648,419],{"class":391},[84,49650,854],{"class":387},[84,49652,282],{"class":102},[84,49654,3230],{"class":387},[84,49656,4634],{"class":391},[84,49658,854],{"class":387},[84,49660,282],{"class":102},[84,49662,3230],{"class":387},[84,49664,9619],{"class":391},[84,49666,854],{"class":387},[84,49668,317],{"class":102},[84,49670,49671],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49672,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49674,49675,49677,49679,49681,49683,49685,49687],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49676,6872],{"class":470},[84,49678,49481],{"class":98},[84,49680,103],{"class":102},[84,49682,2354],{"class":121},[84,49684,282],{"class":102},[84,49686,48772],{"class":139},[84,49688,485],{"class":102},[84,49690,49691,49693,49695,49697,49700,49702],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,49692,490],{"class":98},[84,49694,103],{"class":102},[84,49696,854],{"class":387},[84,49698,49699],{"class":391},"This is text",[84,49701,854],{"class":387},[84,49703,110],{"class":102},[84,49705,49706,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,49707,49708],{"class":470},"elif",[84,49710,49481],{"class":98},[84,49712,103],{"class":102},[84,49714,2354],{"class":121},[84,49716,282],{"class":102},[84,49718,220],{"class":139},[84,49720,485],{"class":102},[84,49722,49723,49725,49727,49729,49732,49734],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,49724,490],{"class":98},[84,49726,103],{"class":102},[84,49728,854],{"class":387},[84,49730,49731],{"class":391},"This is a list",[84,49733,854],{"class":387},[84,49735,110],{"class":102},[24,49737,265],{},[75,49739,49741],{"className":77,"code":49740,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This is a list\n",[15,49742,49743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49744,49745,49748,49750,49752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49746,49747],{"class":90},"This ",[84,49749,12075],{"class":94},[84,49751,44417],{"class":90},[84,49753,49754],{"class":139},"list\n",[1667,49756,49758],{"id":49757},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[75,49760,49762],{"className":77,"code":49761,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49763,49764,49776,49780,49796,49810],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49765,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49767,2329],{"class":90},[84,49769,95],{"class":94},[84,49771,3230],{"class":387},[84,49773,46397],{"class":391},[84,49775,3236],{"class":387},[84,49777,49778],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49779,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49781,49782,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49783,6872],{"class":470},[84,49785,49481],{"class":98},[84,49787,103],{"class":102},[84,49789,2354],{"class":121},[84,49791,282],{"class":102},[84,49793,48772],{"class":139},[84,49795,485],{"class":102},[84,49797,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,49799,41762],{"class":90},[84,49801,95],{"class":94},[84,49803,45149],{"class":139},[84,49805,103],{"class":102},[84,49807,2354],{"class":121},[84,49809,110],{"class":102},[84,49811,49812,49814,49816,49818],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,49813,490],{"class":98},[84,49815,103],{"class":102},[84,49817,2120],{"class":121},[84,49819,110],{"class":102},[24,49821,265],{},[75,49823,49824],{"className":77,"code":46483,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49825,49826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49827,49828],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49829,46483],{"class":106},[24,49831,49832],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1667,49834,49836],{"id":49835},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[75,49838,49840],{"className":77,"code":49839,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49841,49842,49866,49870,49886],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49843,49844,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49845,2329],{"class":90},[84,49847,95],{"class":94},[84,49849,10371],{"class":102},[84,49851,854],{"class":387},[84,49853,7544],{"class":391},[84,49855,854],{"class":387},[84,49857,881],{"class":102},[84,49859,3230],{"class":387},[84,49861,12763],{"class":391},[84,49863,854],{"class":387},[84,49865,9188],{"class":102},[84,49867,49868],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49869,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,49871,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,49873,6872],{"class":470},[84,49875,49481],{"class":98},[84,49877,103],{"class":102},[84,49879,2354],{"class":121},[84,49881,282],{"class":102},[84,49883,9049],{"class":139},[84,49885,485],{"class":102},[84,49887,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896,49898,49900,49902],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,49889,490],{"class":98},[84,49891,103],{"class":102},[84,49893,2354],{"class":121},[84,49895,292],{"class":102},[84,49897,854],{"class":387},[84,49899,7544],{"class":391},[84,49901,854],{"class":387},[84,49903,741],{"class":102},[24,49905,265],{},[75,49907,49909],{"className":77,"code":49908,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana\n",[15,49910,49911],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49912,49913],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49914,49908],{"class":90},[24,49916,49917,49918,49920],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49919,2884],{}," messages later.",[70,49922,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,49924,49926,49927,1686,49930],{"id":49925},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49928,49929],{},"\"int\"",[15,49931,2070],{},[24,49933,16526],{},[75,49935,49937],{"className":77,"code":49936,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49938,49939,49947],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49940,49941,49943,49945],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49942,2329],{"class":90},[84,49944,95],{"class":94},[84,49946,2468],{"class":106},[84,49948,49949,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49950,116],{"class":98},[84,49952,103],{"class":102},[84,49954,48743],{"class":98},[84,49956,103],{"class":102},[84,49958,2354],{"class":121},[84,49960,282],{"class":102},[84,49962,3230],{"class":387},[84,49964,2070],{"class":391},[84,49966,854],{"class":387},[84,49968,232],{"class":102},[24,49970,49971,49973],{},[15,49972,49929],{}," is a string, not a type.",[24,49975,16538],{},[75,49977,49978],{"className":77,"code":49387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49979,49980,49988],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49981,49982,49984,49986],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49983,2329],{"class":90},[84,49985,95],{"class":94},[84,49987,2468],{"class":106},[84,49989,49990,49992,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002,50004],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,49991,116],{"class":98},[84,49993,103],{"class":102},[84,49995,48743],{"class":98},[84,49997,103],{"class":102},[84,49999,2354],{"class":121},[84,50001,282],{"class":102},[84,50003,45149],{"class":139},[84,50005,232],{"class":102},[1667,50007,50009],{"id":50008},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[24,50011,16526],{},[75,50013,50015],{"className":77,"code":50014,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50016,50017,50025],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50018,50019,50021,50023],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50020,2329],{"class":90},[84,50022,95],{"class":94},[84,50024,920],{"class":106},[84,50026,50027,50029,50031,50033,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50028,116],{"class":98},[84,50030,103],{"class":102},[84,50032,48743],{"class":98},[84,50034,103],{"class":102},[84,50036,2354],{"class":121},[84,50038,282],{"class":102},[84,50040,3498],{"class":102},[84,50042,2070],{"class":139},[84,50044,282],{"class":102},[84,50046,40126],{"class":139},[84,50048,2878],{"class":102},[24,50050,50051],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[24,50053,16538],{},[75,50055,50057],{"className":77,"code":50056,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50058,50059,50067],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50060,50061,50063,50065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50062,2329],{"class":90},[84,50064,95],{"class":94},[84,50066,920],{"class":106},[84,50068,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085,50087,50089],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50070,116],{"class":98},[84,50072,103],{"class":102},[84,50074,48743],{"class":98},[84,50076,103],{"class":102},[84,50078,2354],{"class":121},[84,50080,282],{"class":102},[84,50082,9115],{"class":102},[84,50084,2070],{"class":139},[84,50086,282],{"class":102},[84,50088,40126],{"class":139},[84,50090,345],{"class":102},[1667,50092,25651,50094,50096],{"id":50093},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50095,44678],{}," converts a value",[24,50098,18797],{},[75,50100,50102],{"className":77,"code":50101,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50103,50104,50117,50135,50139],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50105,50106,50108,50110,50112,50115],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50107,2329],{"class":90},[84,50109,95],{"class":94},[84,50111,3230],{"class":387},[84,50113,50114],{"class":391},"123",[84,50116,3236],{"class":387},[84,50118,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129,50131,50133],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50120,2110],{"class":90},[84,50122,95],{"class":94},[84,50124,49481],{"class":98},[84,50126,103],{"class":102},[84,50128,2354],{"class":121},[84,50130,282],{"class":102},[84,50132,45149],{"class":139},[84,50134,110],{"class":102},[84,50136,50137],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,50138,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,50140,50141,50143,50145,50147],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,50142,116],{"class":98},[84,50144,103],{"class":102},[84,50146,2145],{"class":121},[84,50148,110],{"class":102},[24,50150,265],{},[75,50152,50153],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,50154,50155],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50156,50157],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50158,3913],{"class":659},[24,50160,50161,50162,50165,50166,50168],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50163,50164],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50167,50114],{},". It only checks the type.",[24,50170,50171,50172,6505],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50173,50174],{},"int(value)",[1667,50176,50178],{"id":50177},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[24,50180,50181,50183],{},[15,50182,44678],{}," does not modify anything.",[75,50185,50187],{"className":77,"code":50186,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50188,50189,50201,50205,50223],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50190,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50192,2329],{"class":90},[84,50194,95],{"class":94},[84,50196,3230],{"class":387},[84,50198,13441],{"class":391},[84,50200,3236],{"class":387},[84,50202,50203],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50204,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,50206,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,50208,116],{"class":98},[84,50210,103],{"class":102},[84,50212,48743],{"class":98},[84,50214,103],{"class":102},[84,50216,2354],{"class":121},[84,50218,282],{"class":102},[84,50220,48772],{"class":139},[84,50222,232],{"class":102},[84,50224,50225,50227,50229,50231],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,50226,116],{"class":98},[84,50228,103],{"class":102},[84,50230,2354],{"class":121},[84,50232,110],{"class":102},[24,50234,265],{},[75,50236,50238],{"className":77,"code":50237,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\n100\n",[15,50239,50240,50244],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50241,50242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50243,660],{"class":659},[84,50245,50246],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50247,47131],{"class":106},[24,50249,50250],{},"The value stays the same.",[70,50252,25819],{"id":25818},[24,50254,50255],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[75,50257,50259],{"className":77,"code":50258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50260,50261,50275,50293,50317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50262,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50264,116],{"class":98},[84,50266,103],{"class":102},[84,50268,334],{"class":139},[84,50270,103],{"class":102},[84,50272,2354],{"class":121},[84,50274,232],{"class":102},[84,50276,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289,50291],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50278,116],{"class":98},[84,50280,103],{"class":102},[84,50282,48743],{"class":98},[84,50284,103],{"class":102},[84,50286,2354],{"class":121},[84,50288,282],{"class":102},[84,50290,45149],{"class":139},[84,50292,232],{"class":102},[84,50294,50295,50297,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,50296,116],{"class":98},[84,50298,103],{"class":102},[84,50300,48743],{"class":98},[84,50302,103],{"class":102},[84,50304,2354],{"class":121},[84,50306,282],{"class":102},[84,50308,9115],{"class":102},[84,50310,2070],{"class":139},[84,50312,282],{"class":102},[84,50314,40126],{"class":139},[84,50316,345],{"class":102},[84,50318,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,50320,116],{"class":98},[84,50322,103],{"class":102},[84,50324,41651],{"class":98},[84,50326,103],{"class":102},[84,50328,2354],{"class":121},[84,50330,232],{"class":102},[24,50332,50333],{},"These can help when:",[33,50335,50336,50339,50344,50347],{},[36,50337,50338],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[36,50340,50341,50342],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50343,2884],{},[36,50345,50346],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[36,50348,50349,50350,50352],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50351,44678],{}," is invalid",[24,50354,50355],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[33,50357,50358,50372,50378,50383],{},[36,50359,50360,50361,2759,50364,50367,50368,2759,50370],{},"using ",[15,50362,50363],{},"'int'",[15,50365,50366],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50369,2070],{},[15,50371,3321],{},[36,50373,50374,50375,50377],{},"expecting ",[15,50376,44678],{}," to convert a value",[36,50379,50360,50380,50382],{},[15,50381,2183],{}," when inherited types should also match",[36,50384,50385],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[24,50387,50388,50389,425],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[419,50390,50392,50393],{"href":50391},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50394,50395],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[70,50397,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,50399,5016,50401,5019],{"id":50400},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50402,44678],{},[24,50404,5022,50405,50407,50408,425],{},[15,50406,3481],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50409,3548],{},[1667,50411,5043,50413,50415],{"id":50412},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50414,44678],{}," check more than one type?",[24,50417,50418,50419,425],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50420,50421],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1667,50423,5053,50425,28,50427,1689],{"id":50424},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50426,44678],{},[15,50428,2183],{},[24,50430,50431,50433,50434,50436],{},[15,50432,2183],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50435,44678],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1667,50438,12586,50440,50442],{"id":50439},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50441,44678],{}," convert a value?",[24,50444,50445],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[70,50447,1777],{"id":1776},[33,50449,50450,50456,50460,50465,50470],{},[36,50451,50452],{},[419,50453,13,50454,424],{"href":2180},[15,50455,2183],{},[36,50457,50458],{},[419,50459,44670],{"href":48846},[36,50461,50462],{},[419,50463,50464],{"href":2841},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,50466,50467],{},[419,50468,50469],{"href":48849},"What is a data type in Python?",[36,50471,50472],{},[419,50473,50392,50474],{"href":50391},[15,50475,50395],{},[1814,50477,50478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":50480},[50481,50482,50484,50487,50491,50492,50497,50503,50511,50512,50522],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":48785,"depth":113,"text":50483},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":50485},[50486],{"id":48877,"depth":132,"text":48878},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355,"children":50488},[50489,50490],{"id":48965,"depth":132,"text":48966},{"id":49036,"depth":132,"text":49037},{"id":49123,"depth":113,"text":49124},{"id":49320,"depth":113,"text":50493,"children":50494},"isinstance() vs type()",[50495,50496],{"id":49336,"depth":132,"text":49339},{"id":49378,"depth":132,"text":49381},{"id":49439,"depth":113,"text":49440,"children":50498},[50499,50500,50501,50502],{"id":49448,"depth":132,"text":49449},{"id":49630,"depth":132,"text":49631},{"id":49757,"depth":132,"text":49758},{"id":49835,"depth":132,"text":49836},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":50504},[50505,50507,50508,50510],{"id":49925,"depth":132,"text":50506},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50008,"depth":132,"text":50009},{"id":50093,"depth":132,"text":50509},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50177,"depth":132,"text":50178},{"id":25818,"depth":113,"text":25819},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":50513},[50514,50516,50518,50520],{"id":50400,"depth":132,"text":50515},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50412,"depth":132,"text":50517},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50424,"depth":132,"text":50519},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50439,"depth":132,"text":50521},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48686,"description":50523},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50529,"title":50530,"body":50531,"description":52504,"extension":1845,"meta":52505,"navigation":237,"path":52506,"seo":52507,"stem":52508,"__hash__":52509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50532,"toc":52479},[50533,50536,50541,50546,50560,50563,50565,50640,50645,50649,50654,50657,50671,50673,50839,50852,50854,50856,50871,50874,50877,50890,50892,50990,50994,51000,51003,51012,51014,51049,51054,51075,51080,51085,51117,51120,51177,51181,51187,51190,51243,51245,51285,51288,51356,51359,51410,51417,51421,51427,51512,51518,51524,51573,51576,51579,51629,51631,51636,51640,51690,51694,51741,51745,51822,51826,51891,51894,51898,51903,51908,51920,51922,51941,51947,51950,51969,51974,52001,52008,52012,52018,52021,52116,52119,52122,52171,52176,52178,52182,52217,52220,52277,52287,52290,52324,52327,52329,52333,52336,52340,52343,52347,52350,52354,52367,52371,52376,52378,52428,52440,52442,52476],[10,50534,50530],{"id":50535},"python-len-function-explained",[24,50537,9001,50538,50540],{},[15,50539,1085],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[24,50542,35283,50543,50545],{},[15,50544,1085],{}," to count:",[33,50547,50548,50551,50554,50557],{},[36,50549,50550],{},"characters in a string",[36,50552,50553],{},"items in a list or tuple",[36,50555,50556],{},"keys in a dictionary",[36,50558,50559],{},"unique items in a set",[24,50561,50562],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[70,50564,1887],{"id":1886},[75,50566,50568],{"className":77,"code":50567,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50569,50570,50582,50602,50606,50623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50571,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50573,34565],{"class":90},[84,50575,95],{"class":94},[84,50577,3230],{"class":387},[84,50579,3721],{"class":391},[84,50581,3236],{"class":387},[84,50583,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50585,7656],{"class":90},[84,50587,95],{"class":94},[84,50589,3498],{"class":102},[84,50591,2212],{"class":106},[84,50593,282],{"class":102},[84,50595,7667],{"class":106},[84,50597,282],{"class":102},[84,50599,7672],{"class":106},[84,50601,317],{"class":102},[84,50603,50604],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,50605,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,50607,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,50609,116],{"class":98},[84,50611,103],{"class":102},[84,50613,602],{"class":98},[84,50615,103],{"class":102},[84,50617,34586],{"class":121},[84,50619,147],{"class":102},[84,50621,50622],{"class":128},"   # 5\n",[84,50624,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,50626,116],{"class":98},[84,50628,103],{"class":102},[84,50630,602],{"class":98},[84,50632,103],{"class":102},[84,50634,7687],{"class":121},[84,50636,147],{"class":102},[84,50638,50639],{"class":128},"  # 3\n",[24,50641,153,50642,50644],{},[15,50643,1085],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[70,50646,50648],{"id":50647},"what-len-does","What len() does",[24,50650,50651,50653],{},[15,50652,1085],{}," returns the size of an object.",[24,50655,50656],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[33,50658,50659,50662,50665,50668],{},[36,50660,50661],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[36,50663,50664],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[36,50666,50667],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[36,50669,50670],{},"It always returns an integer",[24,50672,190],{},[75,50674,50676],{"className":77,"code":50675,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50677,50678,50690,50715,50747,50767,50771,50788,50805,50822],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50679,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50681,7754],{"class":90},[84,50683,95],{"class":94},[84,50685,3230],{"class":387},[84,50687,7553],{"class":391},[84,50689,3236],{"class":387},[84,50691,50692,50694,50696,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710,50713],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50693,91],{"class":90},[84,50695,95],{"class":94},[84,50697,3498],{"class":102},[84,50699,2212],{"class":106},[84,50701,282],{"class":102},[84,50703,7667],{"class":106},[84,50705,282],{"class":102},[84,50707,7672],{"class":106},[84,50709,282],{"class":102},[84,50711,50712],{"class":106}," 40",[84,50714,317],{"class":102},[84,50716,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,50718,9044],{"class":90},[84,50720,95],{"class":94},[84,50722,10371],{"class":102},[84,50724,854],{"class":387},[84,50726,419],{"class":391},[84,50728,854],{"class":387},[84,50730,881],{"class":102},[84,50732,299],{"class":106},[84,50734,282],{"class":102},[84,50736,3230],{"class":387},[84,50738,4634],{"class":391},[84,50740,854],{"class":387},[84,50742,881],{"class":102},[84,50744,304],{"class":106},[84,50746,9188],{"class":102},[84,50748,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,50750,3698],{"class":90},[84,50752,95],{"class":94},[84,50754,10371],{"class":102},[84,50756,107],{"class":106},[84,50758,282],{"class":102},[84,50760,843],{"class":106},[84,50762,282],{"class":102},[84,50764,5867],{"class":106},[84,50766,9188],{"class":102},[84,50768,50769],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,50770,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,50772,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,50774,116],{"class":98},[84,50776,103],{"class":102},[84,50778,602],{"class":98},[84,50780,103],{"class":102},[84,50782,7544],{"class":121},[84,50784,147],{"class":102},[84,50786,50787],{"class":128},"     # 3\n",[84,50789,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,50791,116],{"class":98},[84,50793,103],{"class":102},[84,50795,602],{"class":98},[84,50797,103],{"class":102},[84,50799,122],{"class":121},[84,50801,147],{"class":102},[84,50803,50804],{"class":128},"  # 4\n",[84,50806,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,50808,116],{"class":98},[84,50810,103],{"class":102},[84,50812,602],{"class":98},[84,50814,103],{"class":102},[84,50816,9083],{"class":121},[84,50818,147],{"class":102},[84,50820,50821],{"class":128},"     # 2\n",[84,50823,50824,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,50825,116],{"class":98},[84,50827,103],{"class":102},[84,50829,602],{"class":98},[84,50831,103],{"class":102},[84,50833,5233],{"class":121},[84,50835,147],{"class":102},[84,50837,50838],{"class":128},"   # 3\n",[24,50840,50841,50842,1263,50846,16954,50850,425],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[419,50843,50845],{"href":50844},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[419,50847,50849],{"href":50848},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[419,50851,9034],{"href":9033},[70,50853,2038],{"id":2037},[24,50855,2041],{},[75,50857,50859],{"className":77,"code":50858,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"len(object)\n",[15,50860,50861],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50862,50863,50865,50867,50869],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50864,602],{"class":98},[84,50866,103],{"class":102},[84,50868,42270],{"class":139},[84,50870,110],{"class":102},[24,50872,50873],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[24,50875,50876],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[33,50878,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887],{},[36,50880,37777],{},[36,50882,37771],{},[36,50884,37774],{},[36,50886,37780],{},[36,50888,50889],{},"a dictionary",[24,50891,190],{},[75,50893,50895],{"className":77,"code":50894,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50896,50897,50918,50942,50964],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50898,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50900,116],{"class":98},[84,50902,103],{"class":102},[84,50904,602],{"class":98},[84,50906,103],{"class":102},[84,50908,854],{"class":387},[84,50910,79],{"class":391},[84,50912,854],{"class":387},[84,50914,147],{"class":102},[84,50916,50917],{"class":128},"      # 6\n",[84,50919,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,50921,116],{"class":98},[84,50923,103],{"class":102},[84,50925,602],{"class":98},[84,50927,2865],{"class":102},[84,50929,838],{"class":106},[84,50931,282],{"class":102},[84,50933,304],{"class":106},[84,50935,282],{"class":102},[84,50937,309],{"class":106},[84,50939,4608],{"class":102},[84,50941,50787],{"class":128},[84,50943,50944,50946,50948,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50961],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,50945,116],{"class":98},[84,50947,103],{"class":102},[84,50949,602],{"class":98},[84,50951,5384],{"class":102},[84,50953,2212],{"class":106},[84,50955,282],{"class":102},[84,50957,7667],{"class":106},[84,50959,50960],{"class":102},")))",[84,50962,50963],{"class":128},"      # 2\n",[84,50965,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50987],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,50967,116],{"class":98},[84,50969,103],{"class":102},[84,50971,602],{"class":98},[84,50973,5403],{"class":102},[84,50975,854],{"class":387},[84,50977,2055],{"class":391},[84,50979,854],{"class":387},[84,50981,881],{"class":102},[84,50983,299],{"class":106},[84,50985,50986],{"class":102},"}))",[84,50988,50989],{"class":128},"      # 1\n",[70,50991,50993],{"id":50992},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[24,50995,50996,50997,50999],{},"When you use ",[15,50998,1085],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[24,51001,51002],{},"That includes:",[33,51004,51005,51007,51009],{},[36,51006,36019],{},[36,51008,10332],{},[36,51010,51011],{},"punctuation",[24,51013,190],{},[75,51015,51017],{"className":77,"code":51016,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51018,51019,51032],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51020,51021,51023,51025,51027,51030],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51022,34565],{"class":90},[84,51024,95],{"class":94},[84,51026,3230],{"class":387},[84,51028,51029],{"class":391},"Hi there!",[84,51031,3236],{"class":387},[84,51033,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51035,116],{"class":98},[84,51037,103],{"class":102},[84,51039,602],{"class":98},[84,51041,103],{"class":102},[84,51043,34586],{"class":121},[84,51045,147],{"class":102},[84,51047,51048],{"class":128},"  # 9\n",[24,51050,51051,51052,1689],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51053,2024],{},[33,51055,51056,51062,51066,51069],{},[36,51057,51058,51061],{},[15,51059,51060],{},"H"," = 1",[36,51063,51064,51061],{},[15,51065,495],{},[36,51067,51068],{},"space = 1",[36,51070,51071,51074],{},[15,51072,51073],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[24,51076,51077,51078],{},"Total: ",[15,51079,2024],{},[24,51081,51082,51083,881],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51084,279],{},[75,51086,51088],{"className":77,"code":51087,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51089,51090,51099],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51091,51092,51095,51097],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51093,51094],{"class":90},"empty_text ",[84,51096,95],{"class":94},[84,51098,7759],{"class":387},[84,51100,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51112,51114],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51102,116],{"class":98},[84,51104,103],{"class":102},[84,51106,602],{"class":98},[84,51108,103],{"class":102},[84,51110,51111],{"class":121},"empty_text",[84,51113,147],{"class":102},[84,51115,51116],{"class":128},"  # 0\n",[24,51118,51119],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[75,51121,51123],{"className":77,"code":51122,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51124,51125,51138,51142,51162],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51126,51127,51130,51132,51134,51136],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51128,51129],{"class":90},"user_name ",[84,51131,95],{"class":94},[84,51133,3230],{"class":387},[84,51135,4877],{"class":391},[84,51137,3236],{"class":387},[84,51139,51140],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51141,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,51143,51144,51146,51148,51150,51153,51155,51158,51160],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,51145,6872],{"class":470},[84,51147,38256],{"class":98},[84,51149,103],{"class":102},[84,51151,51152],{"class":121},"user_name",[84,51154,125],{"class":102},[84,51156,51157],{"class":94}," >=",[84,51159,309],{"class":106},[84,51161,6266],{"class":102},[84,51163,51164,51166,51168,51170,51173,51175],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,51165,490],{"class":98},[84,51167,103],{"class":102},[84,51169,854],{"class":387},[84,51171,51172],{"class":391},"Name is long enough",[84,51174,854],{"class":387},[84,51176,110],{"class":102},[70,51178,51180],{"id":51179},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[24,51182,51183,51184,51186],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51185,1085],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[24,51188,51189],{},"Example with a list:",[75,51191,51193],{"className":77,"code":51192,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51194,51195,51227],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51196,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51198,12959],{"class":90},[84,51200,95],{"class":94},[84,51202,3498],{"class":102},[84,51204,854],{"class":387},[84,51206,12976],{"class":391},[84,51208,854],{"class":387},[84,51210,282],{"class":102},[84,51212,3230],{"class":387},[84,51214,17338],{"class":391},[84,51216,854],{"class":387},[84,51218,282],{"class":102},[84,51220,3230],{"class":387},[84,51222,12993],{"class":391},[84,51224,854],{"class":387},[84,51226,317],{"class":102},[84,51228,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51230,116],{"class":98},[84,51232,103],{"class":102},[84,51234,602],{"class":98},[84,51236,103],{"class":102},[84,51238,17385],{"class":121},[84,51240,147],{"class":102},[84,51242,50639],{"class":128},[24,51244,37786],{},[75,51246,51248],{"className":77,"code":51247,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51249,51250,51267],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51251,51252,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51253,51254],{"class":90},"point ",[84,51256,95],{"class":94},[84,51258,9115],{"class":102},[84,51260,2212],{"class":106},[84,51262,282],{"class":102},[84,51264,7667],{"class":106},[84,51266,110],{"class":102},[84,51268,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51280,51282],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51270,116],{"class":98},[84,51272,103],{"class":102},[84,51274,602],{"class":98},[84,51276,103],{"class":102},[84,51278,51279],{"class":121},"point",[84,51281,147],{"class":102},[84,51283,51284],{"class":128},"  # 2\n",[24,51286,51287],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[75,51289,51291],{"className":77,"code":51290,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51292,51293,51317,51321,51339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51294,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51296,7656],{"class":90},[84,51298,95],{"class":94},[84,51300,3498],{"class":102},[84,51302,854],{"class":387},[84,51304,3952],{"class":391},[84,51306,854],{"class":387},[84,51308,282],{"class":102},[84,51310,3230],{"class":387},[84,51312,3961],{"class":391},[84,51314,854],{"class":387},[84,51316,317],{"class":102},[84,51318,51319],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51320,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,51322,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335,51337],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,51324,6872],{"class":470},[84,51326,38256],{"class":98},[84,51328,103],{"class":102},[84,51330,7687],{"class":121},[84,51332,125],{"class":102},[84,51334,38266],{"class":94},[84,51336,299],{"class":106},[84,51338,6266],{"class":102},[84,51340,51341,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,51342,490],{"class":98},[84,51344,103],{"class":102},[84,51346,7687],{"class":121},[84,51348,292],{"class":102},[84,51350,838],{"class":106},[84,51352,20330],{"class":102},[84,51354,51355],{"class":128},"  # banana\n",[24,51357,51358],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[75,51360,51362],{"className":77,"code":51361,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51363,51364,51387],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51365,51366,51368,51370,51372,51375,51377,51380,51382,51385],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51367,4937],{"class":90},[84,51369,95],{"class":94},[84,51371,3498],{"class":102},[84,51373,51374],{"class":106},"88",[84,51376,282],{"class":102},[84,51378,51379],{"class":106}," 91",[84,51381,282],{"class":102},[84,51383,51384],{"class":106}," 75",[84,51386,317],{"class":102},[84,51388,51389,51391,51393,51395,51398,51400,51402,51404,51406,51408],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51390,116],{"class":98},[84,51392,103],{"class":102},[84,51394,854],{"class":387},[84,51396,51397],{"class":391},"Number of scores:",[84,51399,854],{"class":387},[84,51401,282],{"class":102},[84,51403,38256],{"class":98},[84,51405,103],{"class":102},[84,51407,16271],{"class":121},[84,51409,232],{"class":102},[24,51411,51412,51413,425],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[419,51414,51416],{"href":51415},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[70,51418,51420],{"id":51419},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[24,51422,51423,51424,51426],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51425,1085],{}," counts keys.",[75,51428,51430],{"className":77,"code":51429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51431,51432,51440,51458,51472,51488,51492,51496],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51433,51434,51436,51438],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51435,12746],{"class":90},[84,51437,95],{"class":94},[84,51439,11373],{"class":102},[84,51441,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51443,11378],{"class":387},[84,51445,7544],{"class":391},[84,51447,854],{"class":387},[84,51449,881],{"class":102},[84,51451,3230],{"class":387},[84,51453,7799],{"class":391},[84,51455,854],{"class":387},[84,51457,11394],{"class":102},[84,51459,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,51461,11378],{"class":387},[84,51463,9178],{"class":391},[84,51465,854],{"class":387},[84,51467,881],{"class":102},[84,51469,30819],{"class":106},[84,51471,11394],{"class":102},[84,51473,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,51475,11378],{"class":387},[84,51477,19775],{"class":391},[84,51479,854],{"class":387},[84,51481,881],{"class":102},[84,51483,3230],{"class":387},[84,51485,22126],{"class":391},[84,51487,3236],{"class":387},[84,51489,51490],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,51491,9188],{"class":102},[84,51493,51494],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,51495,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,51497,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,51499,116],{"class":98},[84,51501,103],{"class":102},[84,51503,602],{"class":98},[84,51505,103],{"class":102},[84,51507,13509],{"class":121},[84,51509,147],{"class":102},[84,51511,50639],{"class":128},[24,51513,51514,51515,51517],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51516,1085],{}," returns the number of keys.",[24,51519,51520,51521,51523],{},"For sets, ",[15,51522,1085],{}," counts unique items:",[75,51525,51527],{"className":77,"code":51526,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51528,51529,51557],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51530,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553,51555],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51532,91],{"class":90},[84,51534,95],{"class":94},[84,51536,10371],{"class":102},[84,51538,838],{"class":106},[84,51540,282],{"class":102},[84,51542,304],{"class":106},[84,51544,282],{"class":102},[84,51546,309],{"class":106},[84,51548,282],{"class":102},[84,51550,309],{"class":106},[84,51552,282],{"class":102},[84,51554,304],{"class":106},[84,51556,9188],{"class":102},[84,51558,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51560,116],{"class":98},[84,51562,103],{"class":102},[84,51564,602],{"class":98},[84,51566,103],{"class":102},[84,51568,122],{"class":121},[84,51570,147],{"class":102},[84,51572,50639],{"class":128},[24,51574,51575],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[24,51577,51578],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[75,51580,51582],{"className":77,"code":51581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51583,51584,51592,51596,51614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51585,51586,51588,51590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51587,9044],{"class":90},[84,51589,95],{"class":94},[84,51591,9718],{"class":102},[84,51593,51594],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51595,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,51599,6872],{"class":470},[84,51601,38256],{"class":98},[84,51603,103],{"class":102},[84,51605,9083],{"class":121},[84,51607,125],{"class":102},[84,51609,6281],{"class":94},[84,51611,3709],{"class":106},[84,51613,6266],{"class":102},[84,51615,51616,51618,51620,51622,51625,51627],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,51617,490],{"class":98},[84,51619,103],{"class":102},[84,51621,854],{"class":387},[84,51623,51624],{"class":391},"The dictionary is empty",[84,51626,854],{"class":387},[84,51628,110],{"class":102},[70,51630,40917],{"id":40916},[24,51632,51633,51634,425],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51635,1085],{},[1667,51637,51639],{"id":51638},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[75,51641,51643],{"className":77,"code":51642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51644,51645,51653,51657,51675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51646,51647,51649,51651],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51648,7656],{"class":90},[84,51650,95],{"class":94},[84,51652,7716],{"class":102},[84,51654,51655],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51656,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,51658,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,51660,6872],{"class":470},[84,51662,38256],{"class":98},[84,51664,103],{"class":102},[84,51666,7687],{"class":121},[84,51668,125],{"class":102},[84,51670,6281],{"class":94},[84,51672,3709],{"class":106},[84,51674,6266],{"class":102},[84,51676,51677,51679,51681,51683,51686,51688],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,51678,490],{"class":98},[84,51680,103],{"class":102},[84,51682,854],{"class":387},[84,51684,51685],{"class":391},"The list is empty",[84,51687,854],{"class":387},[84,51689,110],{"class":102},[1667,51691,51693],{"id":51692},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[75,51695,51697],{"className":77,"code":51696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51698,51699,51718],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51700,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711,51714,51716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51702,6026],{"class":90},[84,51704,95],{"class":94},[84,51706,8119],{"class":98},[84,51708,103],{"class":102},[84,51710,854],{"class":387},[84,51712,51713],{"class":391},"Enter a word: ",[84,51715,854],{"class":387},[84,51717,110],{"class":102},[84,51719,51720,51722,51724,51726,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51721,116],{"class":98},[84,51723,103],{"class":102},[84,51725,854],{"class":387},[84,51727,51728],{"class":391},"Number of characters:",[84,51730,854],{"class":387},[84,51732,282],{"class":102},[84,51734,38256],{"class":98},[84,51736,103],{"class":102},[84,51738,38261],{"class":121},[84,51740,232],{"class":102},[1667,51742,51744],{"id":51743},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[75,51746,51748],{"className":77,"code":51747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51749,51750,51764,51768,51786,51801,51807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51751,51752,51755,51757,51759,51762],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51753,51754],{"class":90},"password ",[84,51756,95],{"class":94},[84,51758,3230],{"class":387},[84,51760,51761],{"class":391},"secret123",[84,51763,3236],{"class":387},[84,51765,51766],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51767,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,51769,51770,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,51771,6872],{"class":470},[84,51773,38256],{"class":98},[84,51775,103],{"class":102},[84,51777,17504],{"class":121},[84,51779,125],{"class":102},[84,51781,51157],{"class":94},[84,51783,6232],{"class":106},[84,51785,6266],{"class":102},[84,51787,51788,51790,51792,51794,51797,51799],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,51789,490],{"class":98},[84,51791,103],{"class":102},[84,51793,854],{"class":387},[84,51795,51796],{"class":391},"Password length is valid",[84,51798,854],{"class":387},[84,51800,110],{"class":102},[84,51802,51803,51805],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,51804,27310],{"class":470},[84,51806,6266],{"class":102},[84,51808,51809,51811,51813,51815,51818,51820],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,51810,490],{"class":98},[84,51812,103],{"class":102},[84,51814,854],{"class":387},[84,51816,51817],{"class":391},"Password is too short",[84,51819,854],{"class":387},[84,51821,110],{"class":102},[1667,51823,51825],{"id":51824},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[75,51827,51829],{"className":77,"code":51828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51830,51831,51867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51832,51833,51836,51838,51840,51842,51845,51847,51849,51851,51854,51856,51858,51860,51863,51865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51834,51835],{"class":90},"results ",[84,51837,95],{"class":94},[84,51839,3498],{"class":102},[84,51841,854],{"class":387},[84,51843,51844],{"class":391},"item1",[84,51846,854],{"class":387},[84,51848,282],{"class":102},[84,51850,3230],{"class":387},[84,51852,51853],{"class":391},"item2",[84,51855,854],{"class":387},[84,51857,282],{"class":102},[84,51859,3230],{"class":387},[84,51861,51862],{"class":391},"item3",[84,51864,854],{"class":387},[84,51866,317],{"class":102},[84,51868,51869,51871,51873,51875,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51889],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51870,116],{"class":98},[84,51872,103],{"class":102},[84,51874,854],{"class":387},[84,51876,51877],{"class":391},"Items found:",[84,51879,854],{"class":387},[84,51881,282],{"class":102},[84,51883,38256],{"class":98},[84,51885,103],{"class":102},[84,51887,51888],{"class":121},"results",[84,51890,232],{"class":102},[24,51892,51893],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[70,51895,51897],{"id":51896},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[24,51899,51900,51902],{},[15,51901,1085],{}," does not work on every value.",[24,51904,51905,51906,881],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51907,2884],{},[33,51909,51910,51913,51916],{},[36,51911,51912],{},"plain integers",[36,51914,51915],{},"floats",[36,51917,51918],{},[15,51919,3653],{},[24,51921,190],{},[75,51923,51925],{"className":77,"code":51924,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51926,51927],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51928,51929,51931,51933,51935,51937,51939],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51930,116],{"class":98},[84,51932,103],{"class":102},[84,51934,602],{"class":98},[84,51936,103],{"class":102},[84,51938,107],{"class":106},[84,51940,232],{"class":102},[24,51942,51943,51944,51946],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51945,107],{}," does not have a length.",[24,51948,51949],{},"Another example:",[75,51951,51953],{"className":77,"code":51952,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51954,51955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51956,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51958,116],{"class":98},[84,51960,103],{"class":102},[84,51962,602],{"class":98},[84,51964,103],{"class":102},[84,51966,40014],{"class":106},[84,51968,232],{"class":102},[24,51970,51971,51972,881],{},"And with ",[15,51973,3653],{},[75,51975,51977],{"className":77,"code":51976,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51978,51979,51987],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51980,51981,51983,51985],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51982,2329],{"class":90},[84,51984,95],{"class":94},[84,51986,48396],{"class":659},[84,51988,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,51990,116],{"class":98},[84,51992,103],{"class":102},[84,51994,602],{"class":98},[84,51996,103],{"class":102},[84,51998,2354],{"class":121},[84,52000,232],{"class":102},[24,52002,52003,52004,425],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[419,52005,52007],{"href":52006},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[70,52009,52011],{"id":52010},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[24,52013,52014,52015,52017],{},"Before using ",[15,52016,1085],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[24,52019,52020],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[75,52022,52024],{"className":77,"code":52023,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52025,52026,52034,52038,52048,52062,52080,52098],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52027,52028,52030,52032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52029,2329],{"class":90},[84,52031,95],{"class":94},[84,52033,48396],{"class":659},[84,52035,52036],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52037,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,52039,52040,52042,52044,52046],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,52041,116],{"class":98},[84,52043,103],{"class":102},[84,52045,2354],{"class":121},[84,52047,110],{"class":102},[84,52049,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058,52060],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,52051,116],{"class":98},[84,52053,103],{"class":102},[84,52055,334],{"class":139},[84,52057,103],{"class":102},[84,52059,2354],{"class":121},[84,52061,232],{"class":102},[84,52063,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072,52074,52076,52078],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,52065,116],{"class":98},[84,52067,103],{"class":102},[84,52069,48743],{"class":98},[84,52071,103],{"class":102},[84,52073,2354],{"class":121},[84,52075,282],{"class":102},[84,52077,48772],{"class":139},[84,52079,232],{"class":102},[84,52081,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090,52092,52094,52096],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,52083,116],{"class":98},[84,52085,103],{"class":102},[84,52087,48743],{"class":98},[84,52089,103],{"class":102},[84,52091,2354],{"class":121},[84,52093,282],{"class":102},[84,52095,220],{"class":139},[84,52097,232],{"class":102},[84,52099,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112,52114],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,52101,116],{"class":98},[84,52103,103],{"class":102},[84,52105,48743],{"class":98},[84,52107,103],{"class":102},[84,52109,2354],{"class":121},[84,52111,282],{"class":102},[84,52113,9049],{"class":139},[84,52115,232],{"class":102},[24,52117,52118],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[24,52120,52121],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[75,52123,52125],{"className":77,"code":52124,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52126,52127,52139,52143,52157],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52128,52129,52131,52133,52135,52137],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52130,2329],{"class":90},[84,52132,95],{"class":94},[84,52134,3230],{"class":387},[84,52136,3721],{"class":391},[84,52138,3236],{"class":387},[84,52140,52141],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52142,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,52144,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153,52155],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,52146,6872],{"class":470},[84,52148,21467],{"class":90},[84,52150,12075],{"class":94},[84,52152,7976],{"class":94},[84,52154,3728],{"class":659},[84,52156,6266],{"class":102},[84,52158,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,52160,490],{"class":98},[84,52162,103],{"class":102},[84,52164,602],{"class":98},[84,52166,103],{"class":102},[84,52168,2354],{"class":121},[84,52170,232],{"class":102},[24,52172,52173,52174,425],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[419,52175,8318],{"href":2180},[70,52177,1434],{"id":1433},[24,52179,22975,52180,881],{},[15,52181,1085],{},[33,52183,52184,52192,52200,52208,52214],{},[36,52185,1442,52186,52188,52189],{},[15,52187,1085],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52190,52191],{},"len(5)",[36,52193,1442,52194,52196,52197],{},[15,52195,1085],{}," on a float like ",[15,52198,52199],{},"len(3.14)",[36,52201,1442,52202,52204,52205,52207],{},[15,52203,1085],{}," on ",[15,52206,3653],{}," after a function returns nothing",[36,52209,4454,52210,52213],{},[15,52211,52212],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[36,52215,52216],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[24,52218,52219],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[75,52221,52223],{"className":77,"code":52222,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52224,52225,52261],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52226,52227,52229,52231,52233,52235,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247,52249,52251,52253,52255,52257,52259],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52228,13088],{"class":90},[84,52230,95],{"class":94},[84,52232,10371],{"class":102},[84,52234,854],{"class":387},[84,52236,7544],{"class":391},[84,52238,854],{"class":387},[84,52240,881],{"class":102},[84,52242,3230],{"class":387},[84,52244,12763],{"class":391},[84,52246,854],{"class":387},[84,52248,282],{"class":102},[84,52250,3230],{"class":387},[84,52252,9178],{"class":391},[84,52254,854],{"class":387},[84,52256,881],{"class":102},[84,52258,7667],{"class":106},[84,52260,9188],{"class":102},[84,52262,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52264,116],{"class":98},[84,52266,103],{"class":102},[84,52268,602],{"class":98},[84,52270,103],{"class":102},[84,52272,17189],{"class":121},[84,52274,147],{"class":102},[84,52276,51284],{"class":128},[24,52278,37466,52279,52281,52282,28,52284,425],{},[15,52280,568],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52283,15123],{},[15,52285,52286],{},"\"age\"",[24,52288,52289],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[75,52291,52293],{"className":77,"code":52292,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52294,52295,52308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52296,52297,52299,52301,52303,52306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52298,34565],{"class":90},[84,52300,95],{"class":94},[84,52302,3230],{"class":387},[84,52304,52305],{"class":391},"a b",[84,52307,3236],{"class":387},[84,52309,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52311,116],{"class":98},[84,52313,103],{"class":102},[84,52315,602],{"class":98},[84,52317,103],{"class":102},[84,52319,34586],{"class":121},[84,52321,147],{"class":102},[84,52323,50639],{"class":128},[24,52325,52326],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[70,52328,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,52330,52332],{"id":52331},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[24,52334,52335],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1667,52337,52339],{"id":52338},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[24,52341,52342],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1667,52344,52346],{"id":52345},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[24,52348,52349],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1667,52351,52353],{"id":52352},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[24,52355,52356,52357,52359,52360,2759,52362,52364,52365,425],{},"No. Using ",[15,52358,1085],{}," on an ",[15,52361,2070],{},[15,52363,2073],{}," raises a ",[15,52366,2884],{},[1667,52368,52370],{"id":52369},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[24,52372,7639,52373,425],{},[15,52374,52375],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[24,52377,190],{},[75,52379,52381],{"className":77,"code":52380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52382,52383,52391,52395,52413],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52384,52385,52387,52389],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52386,8185],{"class":90},[84,52388,95],{"class":94},[84,52390,7716],{"class":102},[84,52392,52393],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52394,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,52396,52397,52399,52401,52403,52405,52407,52409,52411],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,52398,6872],{"class":470},[84,52400,38256],{"class":98},[84,52402,103],{"class":102},[84,52404,8216],{"class":121},[84,52406,125],{"class":102},[84,52408,6281],{"class":94},[84,52410,3709],{"class":106},[84,52412,6266],{"class":102},[84,52414,52415,52417,52419,52421,52424,52426],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,52416,490],{"class":98},[84,52418,103],{"class":102},[84,52420,854],{"class":387},[84,52422,52423],{"class":391},"Empty list",[84,52425,854],{"class":387},[84,52427,110],{"class":102},[24,52429,52430,52431,52433,52434,52436,52437,52439],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52432,3548],{}," in an ",[15,52435,6872],{}," statement, but ",[15,52438,1085],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[70,52441,1777],{"id":1776},[33,52443,52444,52448,52452,52456,52461,52465,52471],{},[36,52445,52446],{},[419,52447,50845],{"href":50844},[36,52449,52450],{},[419,52451,50849],{"href":50848},[36,52453,52454],{},[419,52455,9034],{"href":9033},[36,52457,52458],{},[419,52459,52460],{"href":51415},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[36,52462,52463],{},[419,52464,8318],{"href":2180},[36,52466,52467],{},[419,52468,52470],{"href":52469},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[36,52472,52473],{},[419,52474,52475],{"href":52006},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1814,52477,52478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":52480},[52481,52482,52483,52484,52485,52486,52487,52493,52494,52495,52496,52503],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":50647,"depth":113,"text":50648},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":50992,"depth":113,"text":50993},{"id":51179,"depth":113,"text":51180},{"id":51419,"depth":113,"text":51420},{"id":40916,"depth":113,"text":40917,"children":52488},[52489,52490,52491,52492],{"id":51638,"depth":132,"text":51639},{"id":51692,"depth":132,"text":51693},{"id":51743,"depth":132,"text":51744},{"id":51824,"depth":132,"text":51825},{"id":51896,"depth":113,"text":51897},{"id":52010,"depth":113,"text":52011},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":52497},[52498,52499,52500,52501,52502],{"id":52331,"depth":132,"text":52332},{"id":52338,"depth":132,"text":52339},{"id":52345,"depth":132,"text":52346},{"id":52352,"depth":132,"text":52353},{"id":52369,"depth":132,"text":52370},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50530,"description":52504},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52511,"title":52512,"body":52513,"description":54196,"extension":1845,"meta":54197,"navigation":237,"path":54198,"seo":54199,"stem":54200,"__hash__":54201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52514,"toc":54169},[52515,52518,52531,52537,52539,52593,52598,52602,52618,52621,52635,52641,52643,52646,52665,52681,52683,52759,52761,52798,52809,52811,52814,52875,52877,52910,52913,52919,52923,52926,53051,53053,53112,53120,53173,53175,53202,53208,53218,53222,53225,53230,53282,53284,53310,53316,53370,53372,53397,53400,53424,53430,53432,53436,53438,53495,53497,53505,53507,53529,53531,53584,53586,53610,53614,53616,53655,53657,53665,53671,53675,53727,53729,53755,53763,53767,53772,53781,53783,53849,53851,53883,53887,53892,53894,53908,53911,53983,53985,54011,54013,54017,54024,54028,54035,54039,54042,54044,54097,54099,54125,54129,54138,54140,54166],[10,52516,52512],{"id":52517},"python-list-append-method",[24,52519,1862,52520,52522,52523,52526,52527,52530],{},[15,52521,1099],{}," method adds ",[42,52524,52525],{},"one item"," to the ",[42,52528,52529],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[24,52532,52533,52534,52536],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[42,52535,1367],{}," create a new list.",[70,52538,73],{"id":72},[75,52540,52542],{"className":77,"code":52541,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52543,52544,52564,52578,52588],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52545,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52547,91],{"class":90},[84,52549,95],{"class":94},[84,52551,3498],{"class":102},[84,52553,838],{"class":106},[84,52555,282],{"class":102},[84,52557,304],{"class":106},[84,52559,282],{"class":102},[84,52561,309],{"class":106},[84,52563,317],{"class":102},[84,52565,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52567,122],{"class":90},[84,52569,425],{"class":102},[84,52571,998],{"class":121},[84,52573,103],{"class":102},[84,52575,2386],{"class":106},[84,52577,110],{"class":102},[84,52579,52580,52582,52584,52586],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,52581,116],{"class":98},[84,52583,103],{"class":102},[84,52585,122],{"class":121},[84,52587,110],{"class":102},[84,52589,52590],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,52591,52592],{"class":128},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,52594,153,52595,52597],{},[15,52596,1099],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[70,52599,52601],{"id":52600},"what-append-does","What append() does",[33,52603,52604,52609,52612,52615],{},[36,52605,52606,52608],{},[15,52607,1099],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[36,52610,52611],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[36,52613,52614],{},"It does not create a new list",[36,52616,52617],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[24,52619,52620],{},"This means you can append:",[33,52622,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633],{},[36,52624,122],{},[36,52626,5183],{},[36,52628,40465],{},[36,52630,5174],{},[36,52632,7126],{},[36,52634,34539],{},[24,52636,52637,52638,425],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[419,52639,52640],{"href":50848},"Python lists explained for beginners",[70,52642,5305],{"id":5304},[24,52644,52645],{},"Basic form:",[75,52647,52649],{"className":77,"code":52648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52650,52651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52652,52653,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52654,8216],{"class":90},[84,52656,425],{"class":102},[84,52658,998],{"class":121},[84,52660,103],{"class":102},[84,52662,23191],{"class":121},[84,52664,110],{"class":102},[33,52666,52667,52672,52677],{},[36,52668,52669,52671],{},[15,52670,8216],{}," is the list you want to change",[36,52673,52674,52676],{},[15,52675,23191],{}," is the value or object to add",[36,52678,11792,52679],{},[15,52680,3653],{},[24,52682,190],{},[75,52684,52686],{"className":77,"code":52685,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52687,52688,52712,52735,52739,52749],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52689,52690,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708,52710],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52691,36113],{"class":90},[84,52693,95],{"class":94},[84,52695,3498],{"class":102},[84,52697,854],{"class":387},[84,52699,3952],{"class":391},[84,52701,854],{"class":387},[84,52703,282],{"class":102},[84,52705,3230],{"class":387},[84,52707,3961],{"class":391},[84,52709,854],{"class":387},[84,52711,317],{"class":102},[84,52713,52714,52716,52718,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52715,2110],{"class":90},[84,52717,95],{"class":94},[84,52719,52720],{"class":90}," fruits",[84,52722,425],{"class":102},[84,52724,998],{"class":121},[84,52726,103],{"class":102},[84,52728,854],{"class":387},[84,52730,33098],{"class":391},[84,52732,854],{"class":387},[84,52734,110],{"class":102},[84,52736,52737],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,52738,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,52740,52741,52743,52745,52747],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,52742,116],{"class":98},[84,52744,103],{"class":102},[84,52746,36165],{"class":121},[84,52748,110],{"class":102},[84,52750,52751,52753,52755,52757],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,52752,116],{"class":98},[84,52754,103],{"class":102},[84,52756,2145],{"class":121},[84,52758,110],{"class":102},[24,52760,265],{},[75,52762,52764],{"className":77,"code":52763,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52765,52766,52794],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52767,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52769,292],{"class":102},[84,52771,394],{"class":387},[84,52773,3952],{"class":391},[84,52775,394],{"class":387},[84,52777,282],{"class":102},[84,52779,388],{"class":387},[84,52781,3961],{"class":391},[84,52783,394],{"class":387},[84,52785,282],{"class":102},[84,52787,388],{"class":387},[84,52789,33098],{"class":391},[84,52791,394],{"class":387},[84,52793,317],{"class":102},[84,52795,52796],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52797,11689],{"class":659},[24,52799,52800,52801,52803,52804,52806,52807,425],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52802,1099],{}," updates ",[15,52805,36165],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52808,3653],{},[70,52810,11355],{"id":11354},[24,52812,52813],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[75,52815,52817],{"className":77,"code":52816,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52818,52819,52843,52861,52865],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52820,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52822,12959],{"class":90},[84,52824,95],{"class":94},[84,52826,3498],{"class":102},[84,52828,854],{"class":387},[84,52830,12976],{"class":391},[84,52832,854],{"class":387},[84,52834,282],{"class":102},[84,52836,3230],{"class":387},[84,52838,12993],{"class":391},[84,52840,854],{"class":387},[84,52842,317],{"class":102},[84,52844,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52846,17385],{"class":90},[84,52848,425],{"class":102},[84,52850,998],{"class":121},[84,52852,103],{"class":102},[84,52854,854],{"class":387},[84,52856,17338],{"class":391},[84,52858,854],{"class":387},[84,52860,110],{"class":102},[84,52862,52863],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,52864,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,52866,52867,52869,52871,52873],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,52868,116],{"class":98},[84,52870,103],{"class":102},[84,52872,17385],{"class":121},[84,52874,110],{"class":102},[24,52876,265],{},[75,52878,52880],{"className":77,"code":52879,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52881,52882],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52883,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52885,292],{"class":102},[84,52887,394],{"class":387},[84,52889,12976],{"class":391},[84,52891,394],{"class":387},[84,52893,282],{"class":102},[84,52895,388],{"class":387},[84,52897,12993],{"class":391},[84,52899,394],{"class":387},[84,52901,282],{"class":102},[84,52903,388],{"class":387},[84,52905,17338],{"class":391},[84,52907,394],{"class":387},[84,52909,317],{"class":102},[24,52911,52912],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[24,52914,30959,52915,425],{},[419,52916,52918],{"href":52917},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[70,52920,52922],{"id":52921},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[24,52924,52925],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[75,52927,52929],{"className":77,"code":52928,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52930,52931,52939,52943,52957,52975,52989,53015,53037,53041],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52932,52933,52935,52937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52934,7656],{"class":90},[84,52936,95],{"class":94},[84,52938,7716],{"class":102},[84,52940,52941],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,52942,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,52944,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,52946,7687],{"class":90},[84,52948,425],{"class":102},[84,52950,998],{"class":121},[84,52952,103],{"class":102},[84,52954,2212],{"class":106},[84,52956,110],{"class":102},[84,52958,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,52960,7687],{"class":90},[84,52962,425],{"class":102},[84,52964,998],{"class":121},[84,52966,103],{"class":102},[84,52968,854],{"class":387},[84,52970,3721],{"class":391},[84,52972,854],{"class":387},[84,52974,110],{"class":102},[84,52976,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,52978,7687],{"class":90},[84,52980,425],{"class":102},[84,52982,998],{"class":121},[84,52984,103],{"class":102},[84,52986,3481],{"class":659},[84,52988,110],{"class":102},[84,52990,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,52992,7687],{"class":90},[84,52994,425],{"class":102},[84,52996,998],{"class":121},[84,52998,5403],{"class":102},[84,53000,854],{"class":387},[84,53002,7544],{"class":391},[84,53004,854],{"class":387},[84,53006,881],{"class":102},[84,53008,3230],{"class":387},[84,53010,7553],{"class":391},[84,53012,854],{"class":387},[84,53014,30372],{"class":102},[84,53016,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,53018,7687],{"class":90},[84,53020,425],{"class":102},[84,53022,998],{"class":121},[84,53024,2865],{"class":102},[84,53026,838],{"class":106},[84,53028,282],{"class":102},[84,53030,304],{"class":106},[84,53032,282],{"class":102},[84,53034,309],{"class":106},[84,53036,741],{"class":102},[84,53038,53039],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,53040,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53042,53043,53045,53047,53049],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,53044,116],{"class":98},[84,53046,103],{"class":102},[84,53048,7687],{"class":121},[84,53050,110],{"class":102},[24,53052,265],{},[75,53054,53056],{"className":77,"code":53055,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53057,53058],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53059,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53061,292],{"class":102},[84,53063,2212],{"class":106},[84,53065,282],{"class":102},[84,53067,388],{"class":387},[84,53069,3721],{"class":391},[84,53071,394],{"class":387},[84,53073,282],{"class":102},[84,53075,3789],{"class":659},[84,53077,282],{"class":102},[84,53079,10371],{"class":102},[84,53081,394],{"class":387},[84,53083,7544],{"class":391},[84,53085,394],{"class":387},[84,53087,881],{"class":102},[84,53089,388],{"class":387},[84,53091,7553],{"class":391},[84,53093,394],{"class":387},[84,53095,53096],{"class":102},"},",[84,53098,3498],{"class":102},[84,53100,838],{"class":106},[84,53102,282],{"class":102},[84,53104,304],{"class":106},[84,53106,282],{"class":102},[84,53108,309],{"class":106},[84,53110,53111],{"class":102},"]]\n",[24,53113,53114,53115,42027,53117,425],{},"A list added with ",[15,53116,1099],{},[42,53118,53119],{},"one single item",[75,53121,53123],{"className":77,"code":53122,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53124,53125,53141,53159,53163],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53126,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53128,91],{"class":90},[84,53130,95],{"class":94},[84,53132,3498],{"class":102},[84,53134,838],{"class":106},[84,53136,282],{"class":102},[84,53138,304],{"class":106},[84,53140,317],{"class":102},[84,53142,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53144,122],{"class":90},[84,53146,425],{"class":102},[84,53148,998],{"class":121},[84,53150,2865],{"class":102},[84,53152,1162],{"class":106},[84,53154,282],{"class":102},[84,53156,314],{"class":106},[84,53158,741],{"class":102},[84,53160,53161],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53162,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53164,53165,53167,53169,53171],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53166,116],{"class":98},[84,53168,103],{"class":102},[84,53170,122],{"class":121},[84,53172,110],{"class":102},[24,53174,265],{},[75,53176,53178],{"className":77,"code":53177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53179,53180],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53181,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53183,292],{"class":102},[84,53185,838],{"class":106},[84,53187,282],{"class":102},[84,53189,304],{"class":106},[84,53191,282],{"class":102},[84,53193,3498],{"class":102},[84,53195,1162],{"class":106},[84,53197,282],{"class":102},[84,53199,314],{"class":106},[84,53201,53111],{"class":102},[24,53203,2167,53204,53207],{},[15,53205,53206],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[24,53209,53210,53211,53217],{},"This is different from ",[419,53212,53214],{"href":53213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53215,53216],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[70,53219,53221],{"id":53220},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[24,53223,53224],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1667,53226,1442,53228],{"id":53227},"using-append",[15,53229,1099],{},[75,53231,53232],{"className":77,"code":53122,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53233,53234,53250,53268,53272],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53235,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53237,91],{"class":90},[84,53239,95],{"class":94},[84,53241,3498],{"class":102},[84,53243,838],{"class":106},[84,53245,282],{"class":102},[84,53247,304],{"class":106},[84,53249,317],{"class":102},[84,53251,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53253,122],{"class":90},[84,53255,425],{"class":102},[84,53257,998],{"class":121},[84,53259,2865],{"class":102},[84,53261,1162],{"class":106},[84,53263,282],{"class":102},[84,53265,314],{"class":106},[84,53267,741],{"class":102},[84,53269,53270],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53271,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53273,53274,53276,53278,53280],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53275,116],{"class":98},[84,53277,103],{"class":102},[84,53279,122],{"class":121},[84,53281,110],{"class":102},[24,53283,265],{},[75,53285,53286],{"className":77,"code":53177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53287,53288],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53289,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53291,292],{"class":102},[84,53293,838],{"class":106},[84,53295,282],{"class":102},[84,53297,304],{"class":106},[84,53299,282],{"class":102},[84,53301,3498],{"class":102},[84,53303,1162],{"class":106},[84,53305,282],{"class":102},[84,53307,314],{"class":106},[84,53309,53111],{"class":102},[1667,53311,1442,53313],{"id":53312},"using-extend",[15,53314,53315],{},"extend()",[75,53317,53319],{"className":77,"code":53318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53320,53321,53337,53356,53360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53322,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53324,91],{"class":90},[84,53326,95],{"class":94},[84,53328,3498],{"class":102},[84,53330,838],{"class":106},[84,53332,282],{"class":102},[84,53334,304],{"class":106},[84,53336,317],{"class":102},[84,53338,53339,53341,53343,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53340,122],{"class":90},[84,53342,425],{"class":102},[84,53344,53345],{"class":121},"extend",[84,53347,2865],{"class":102},[84,53349,1162],{"class":106},[84,53351,282],{"class":102},[84,53353,314],{"class":106},[84,53355,741],{"class":102},[84,53357,53358],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53359,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53361,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53363,116],{"class":98},[84,53365,103],{"class":102},[84,53367,122],{"class":121},[84,53369,110],{"class":102},[24,53371,265],{},[75,53373,53375],{"className":77,"code":53374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53376,53377],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53378,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53380,292],{"class":102},[84,53382,838],{"class":106},[84,53384,282],{"class":102},[84,53386,304],{"class":106},[84,53388,282],{"class":102},[84,53390,309],{"class":106},[84,53392,282],{"class":102},[84,53394,314],{"class":106},[84,53396,317],{"class":102},[24,53398,53399],{},"The difference:",[33,53401,53402,53408,53414,53419],{},[36,53403,53404,53407],{},[15,53405,53406],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[36,53409,53410,53413],{},[15,53411,53412],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[36,53415,153,53416,53418],{},[15,53417,1099],{}," for one item",[36,53420,153,53421,53423],{},[15,53422,53315],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[24,53425,53426,53427,425],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[419,53428,53429],{"href":53213},"Python list extend() method",[70,53431,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,53433,53435],{"id":53434},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[24,53437,25567],{},[75,53439,53441],{"className":77,"code":53440,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53442,53443,53463,53481,53485],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53444,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53446,7656],{"class":90},[84,53448,95],{"class":94},[84,53450,3498],{"class":102},[84,53452,838],{"class":106},[84,53454,282],{"class":102},[84,53456,304],{"class":106},[84,53458,282],{"class":102},[84,53460,309],{"class":106},[84,53462,317],{"class":102},[84,53464,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53466,7656],{"class":90},[84,53468,95],{"class":94},[84,53470,5839],{"class":90},[84,53472,425],{"class":102},[84,53474,998],{"class":121},[84,53476,103],{"class":102},[84,53478,2386],{"class":106},[84,53480,110],{"class":102},[84,53482,53483],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53484,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53486,53487,53489,53491,53493],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53488,116],{"class":98},[84,53490,103],{"class":102},[84,53492,7687],{"class":121},[84,53494,110],{"class":102},[24,53496,265],{},[75,53498,53499],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53500,53501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53502,53503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53504,11689],{"class":659},[24,53506,11781],{},[33,53508,53509,53514,53520],{},[36,53510,53511,53513],{},[15,53512,1099],{}," changes the list in place",[36,53515,53516,2279,53518],{},[15,53517,1099],{},[15,53519,3653],{},[36,53521,53522,53523,53526,53527],{},"So ",[15,53524,53525],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53528,3653],{},[24,53530,10687],{},[75,53532,53534],{"className":77,"code":53533,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53535,53536,53556,53570,53574],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53537,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53539,7656],{"class":90},[84,53541,95],{"class":94},[84,53543,3498],{"class":102},[84,53545,838],{"class":106},[84,53547,282],{"class":102},[84,53549,304],{"class":106},[84,53551,282],{"class":102},[84,53553,309],{"class":106},[84,53555,317],{"class":102},[84,53557,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53559,7687],{"class":90},[84,53561,425],{"class":102},[84,53563,998],{"class":121},[84,53565,103],{"class":102},[84,53567,2386],{"class":106},[84,53569,110],{"class":102},[84,53571,53572],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53573,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53575,53576,53578,53580,53582],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53577,116],{"class":98},[84,53579,103],{"class":102},[84,53581,7687],{"class":121},[84,53583,110],{"class":102},[24,53585,265],{},[75,53587,53588],{"className":77,"code":53374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53589,53590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53591,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53593,292],{"class":102},[84,53595,838],{"class":106},[84,53597,282],{"class":102},[84,53599,304],{"class":106},[84,53601,282],{"class":102},[84,53603,309],{"class":106},[84,53605,282],{"class":102},[84,53607,314],{"class":106},[84,53609,317],{"class":102},[1667,53611,53613],{"id":53612},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[24,53615,18797],{},[75,53617,53619],{"className":77,"code":53618,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53620,53621,53645],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53622,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641,53643],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53624,31759],{"class":90},[84,53626,95],{"class":94},[84,53628,3498],{"class":102},[84,53630,838],{"class":106},[84,53632,282],{"class":102},[84,53634,304],{"class":106},[84,53636,13434],{"class":102},[84,53638,998],{"class":121},[84,53640,103],{"class":102},[84,53642,1162],{"class":106},[84,53644,110],{"class":102},[84,53646,53647,53649,53651,53653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53648,116],{"class":98},[84,53650,103],{"class":102},[84,53652,31778],{"class":121},[84,53654,110],{"class":102},[24,53656,265],{},[75,53658,53659],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53660,53661],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53662,53663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53664,11689],{"class":659},[24,53666,53667,53668,53670],{},"Remember: ",[15,53669,1099],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1667,53672,53674],{"id":53673},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[75,53676,53677],{"className":77,"code":53122,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53678,53679,53695,53713,53717],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53680,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53682,91],{"class":90},[84,53684,95],{"class":94},[84,53686,3498],{"class":102},[84,53688,838],{"class":106},[84,53690,282],{"class":102},[84,53692,304],{"class":106},[84,53694,317],{"class":102},[84,53696,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53698,122],{"class":90},[84,53700,425],{"class":102},[84,53702,998],{"class":121},[84,53704,2865],{"class":102},[84,53706,1162],{"class":106},[84,53708,282],{"class":102},[84,53710,314],{"class":106},[84,53712,741],{"class":102},[84,53714,53715],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53716,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53718,53719,53721,53723,53725],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53720,116],{"class":98},[84,53722,103],{"class":102},[84,53724,122],{"class":121},[84,53726,110],{"class":102},[24,53728,265],{},[75,53730,53731],{"className":77,"code":53177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53732,53733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53734,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53736,292],{"class":102},[84,53738,838],{"class":106},[84,53740,282],{"class":102},[84,53742,304],{"class":106},[84,53744,282],{"class":102},[84,53746,3498],{"class":102},[84,53748,1162],{"class":106},[84,53750,282],{"class":102},[84,53752,314],{"class":106},[84,53754,53111],{"class":102},[24,53756,3049,53757,53760,53761,6505],{},[15,53758,53759],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53762,53315],{},[1667,53764,53766],{"id":53765},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[24,53768,53769,53771],{},[15,53770,1099],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[24,53773,53774,53775,425],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[419,53776,53778],{"href":53777},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53779,53780],{},"list.insert()",[24,53782,190],{},[75,53784,53786],{"className":77,"code":53785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53787,53788,53812,53835,53839],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53789,53790,53792,53794,53796,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808,53810],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53791,35967],{"class":90},[84,53793,95],{"class":94},[84,53795,3498],{"class":102},[84,53797,854],{"class":387},[84,53799,419],{"class":391},[84,53801,854],{"class":387},[84,53803,282],{"class":102},[84,53805,3230],{"class":387},[84,53807,9619],{"class":391},[84,53809,854],{"class":387},[84,53811,317],{"class":102},[84,53813,53814,53816,53818,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53815,36019],{"class":90},[84,53817,425],{"class":102},[84,53819,53820],{"class":121},"insert",[84,53822,103],{"class":102},[84,53824,838],{"class":106},[84,53826,282],{"class":102},[84,53828,3230],{"class":387},[84,53830,4634],{"class":391},[84,53832,854],{"class":387},[84,53834,110],{"class":102},[84,53836,53837],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53838,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53840,53841,53843,53845,53847],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53842,116],{"class":98},[84,53844,103],{"class":102},[84,53846,36019],{"class":121},[84,53848,110],{"class":102},[24,53850,265],{},[75,53852,53853],{"className":77,"code":42747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,53854,53855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53856,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53858,292],{"class":102},[84,53860,394],{"class":387},[84,53862,419],{"class":391},[84,53864,394],{"class":387},[84,53866,282],{"class":102},[84,53868,388],{"class":387},[84,53870,4634],{"class":391},[84,53872,394],{"class":387},[84,53874,282],{"class":102},[84,53876,388],{"class":387},[84,53878,9619],{"class":391},[84,53880,394],{"class":387},[84,53882,317],{"class":102},[70,53884,53886],{"id":53885},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[24,53888,53889,53891],{},[15,53890,1099],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[24,53893,36300],{},[33,53895,53896,53899,53902,53905],{},[36,53897,53898],{},"building a list in a loop",[36,53900,53901],{},"collecting user input",[36,53903,53904],{},"storing results step by step",[36,53906,53907],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[24,53909,53910],{},"Example with a loop:",[75,53912,53914],{"className":77,"code":53913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53915,53916,53925,53929,53949,53968,53972],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53917,53918,53921,53923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53919,53920],{"class":90},"squares ",[84,53922,95],{"class":94},[84,53924,7716],{"class":102},[84,53926,53927],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,53928,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53930,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,53932,440],{"class":470},[84,53934,6259],{"class":90},[84,53936,476],{"class":470},[84,53938,99],{"class":98},[84,53940,103],{"class":102},[84,53942,838],{"class":106},[84,53944,282],{"class":102},[84,53946,285],{"class":106},[84,53948,485],{"class":102},[84,53950,53951,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,53952,53953],{"class":90},"    squares",[84,53955,425],{"class":102},[84,53957,998],{"class":121},[84,53959,103],{"class":102},[84,53961,2097],{"class":121},[84,53963,39743],{"class":94},[84,53965,2077],{"class":121},[84,53967,110],{"class":102},[84,53969,53970],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,53971,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,53973,53974,53976,53978,53981],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,53975,116],{"class":98},[84,53977,103],{"class":102},[84,53979,53980],{"class":121},"squares",[84,53982,110],{"class":102},[24,53984,265],{},[75,53986,53988],{"className":77,"code":53987,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53989,53990],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53991,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000,54002,54005,54007,54009],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53993,292],{"class":102},[84,53995,838],{"class":106},[84,53997,282],{"class":102},[84,53999,314],{"class":106},[84,54001,282],{"class":102},[84,54003,54004],{"class":106}," 9",[84,54006,282],{"class":102},[84,54008,13871],{"class":106},[84,54010,317],{"class":102},[70,54012,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,54014,54016],{"id":54015},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[24,54018,1676,54019,54021,54022,425],{},[15,54020,1099],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54023,3653],{},[1667,54025,54027],{"id":54026},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[24,54029,54030,54031,425],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[419,54032,54033],{"href":53213},[15,54034,53315],{},[1667,54036,54038],{"id":54037},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[24,54040,54041],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[24,54043,190],{},[75,54045,54047],{"className":77,"code":54046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54048,54049,54065,54083,54087],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54052,9044],{"class":90},[84,54054,95],{"class":94},[84,54056,3498],{"class":102},[84,54058,838],{"class":106},[84,54060,282],{"class":102},[84,54062,304],{"class":106},[84,54064,317],{"class":102},[84,54066,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54068,9083],{"class":90},[84,54070,425],{"class":102},[84,54072,998],{"class":121},[84,54074,2865],{"class":102},[84,54076,1162],{"class":106},[84,54078,282],{"class":102},[84,54080,314],{"class":106},[84,54082,741],{"class":102},[84,54084,54085],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54086,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54088,54089,54091,54093,54095],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,54090,116],{"class":98},[84,54092,103],{"class":102},[84,54094,9083],{"class":121},[84,54096,110],{"class":102},[24,54098,265],{},[75,54100,54101],{"className":77,"code":53177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54102,54103],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54104,54105,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54106,292],{"class":102},[84,54108,838],{"class":106},[84,54110,282],{"class":102},[84,54112,304],{"class":106},[84,54114,282],{"class":102},[84,54116,3498],{"class":102},[84,54118,1162],{"class":106},[84,54120,282],{"class":102},[84,54122,314],{"class":106},[84,54124,53111],{"class":102},[1667,54126,54128],{"id":54127},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[24,54130,54131,54133,54134,54137],{},[15,54132,1099],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54135,54136],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[70,54139,1777],{"id":1776},[33,54141,54142,54147,54151,54156,54160],{},[36,54143,54144],{},[419,54145,54146],{"href":52917},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[36,54148,54149],{},[419,54150,53429],{"href":53213},[36,54152,54153],{},[419,54154,54155],{"href":53777},"Python list insert() method",[36,54157,54158],{},[419,54159,52640],{"href":50848},[36,54161,54162],{},[419,54163,54165],{"href":54164},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1814,54167,54168],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":54170},[54171,54172,54173,54174,54175,54176,54182,54188,54189,54195],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":52600,"depth":113,"text":52601},{"id":5304,"depth":113,"text":5305},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":52921,"depth":113,"text":52922},{"id":53220,"depth":113,"text":53221,"children":54177},[54178,54180],{"id":53227,"depth":132,"text":54179},"Using append()",{"id":53312,"depth":132,"text":54181},"Using extend()",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":54183},[54184,54185,54186,54187],{"id":53434,"depth":132,"text":53435},{"id":53612,"depth":132,"text":53613},{"id":53673,"depth":132,"text":53674},{"id":53765,"depth":132,"text":53766},{"id":53885,"depth":113,"text":53886},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":54190},[54191,54192,54193,54194],{"id":54015,"depth":132,"text":54016},{"id":54026,"depth":132,"text":54027},{"id":54037,"depth":132,"text":54038},{"id":54127,"depth":132,"text":54128},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52512,"description":54196},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54203,"title":54204,"body":54205,"description":55448,"extension":1845,"meta":55449,"navigation":237,"path":55450,"seo":55451,"stem":55452,"__hash__":55453},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54206,"toc":55413},[54207,54213,54219,54225,54227,54275,54280,54285,54289,54305,54311,54313,54316,54331,54333,54344,54346,54348,54405,54407,54415,54417,54433,54439,54441,54447,54451,54535,54538,54587,54594,54602,54605,54619,54632,54638,54713,54720,54727,54801,54809,54812,54823,54832,54836,54840,54851,54853,54930,54951,54953,54963,54966,55014,55016,55037,55040,55042,55093,55099,55106,55173,55179,55185,55188,55215,55220,55226,55229,55301,55304,55315,55321,55323,55329,55332,55338,55344,55351,55359,55365,55371,55373,55410],[10,54208,54210,54211,11201],{"id":54209},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54212,11200],{},[24,54214,54215,54218],{},[15,54216,54217],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[24,54220,54221,54222,54224],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[42,54223,11213],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[70,54226,73],{"id":72},[75,54228,54230],{"className":77,"code":54229,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54231,54232,54252,54262],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54233,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54235,7656],{"class":90},[84,54237,95],{"class":94},[84,54239,3498],{"class":102},[84,54241,838],{"class":106},[84,54243,282],{"class":102},[84,54245,304],{"class":106},[84,54247,282],{"class":102},[84,54249,309],{"class":106},[84,54251,317],{"class":102},[84,54253,54254,54256,54258,54260],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54255,7687],{"class":90},[84,54257,425],{"class":102},[84,54259,11262],{"class":121},[84,54261,8520],{"class":102},[84,54263,54264,54266,54268,54270,54272],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54265,116],{"class":98},[84,54267,103],{"class":102},[84,54269,7687],{"class":121},[84,54271,125],{"class":102},[84,54273,54274],{"class":128},"  # []\n",[24,54276,153,54277,54279],{},[15,54278,11200],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[70,54281,429,54283,3554],{"id":54282},"what-listclear-does",[15,54284,54217],{},[24,54286,54287,881],{},[15,54288,54217],{},[33,54290,54291,54294,54297,54302],{},[36,54292,54293],{},"Removes every item from a list",[36,54295,54296],{},"Changes the original list in place",[36,54298,54299,54300],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54301,3662],{},[36,54303,54304],{},"Takes no arguments",[24,54306,54307,54308,54310],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54309,11200],{},", but it contains no values.",[70,54312,2038],{"id":2037},[24,54314,54315],{},"Syntax:",[75,54317,54319],{"className":77,"code":54318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54320,54321],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54322,54323,54325,54327,54329],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54324,8216],{"class":90},[84,54326,425],{"class":102},[84,54328,11262],{"class":121},[84,54330,8520],{"class":102},[24,54332,11338],{},[33,54334,54335,54338,54341],{},[36,54336,54337],{},"Call it on a list object",[36,54339,54340],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[36,54342,54343],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[70,54345,11355],{"id":11354},[24,54347,11358],{},[75,54349,54351],{"className":77,"code":54350,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54352,54353,54377,54381,54391,54395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54354,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54356,91],{"class":90},[84,54358,95],{"class":94},[84,54360,3498],{"class":102},[84,54362,2212],{"class":106},[84,54364,282],{"class":102},[84,54366,7667],{"class":106},[84,54368,282],{"class":102},[84,54370,7672],{"class":106},[84,54372,282],{"class":102},[84,54374,50712],{"class":106},[84,54376,317],{"class":102},[84,54378,54379],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54380,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54382,54383,54385,54387,54389],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54384,122],{"class":90},[84,54386,425],{"class":102},[84,54388,11262],{"class":121},[84,54390,8520],{"class":102},[84,54392,54393],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,54394,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54396,54397,54399,54401,54403],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,54398,116],{"class":98},[84,54400,103],{"class":102},[84,54402,122],{"class":121},[84,54404,110],{"class":102},[24,54406,265],{},[75,54408,54409],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54410,54411],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54412,54413],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54414,38167],{"class":102},[24,54416,11564],{},[33,54418,54419,54424,54430],{},[36,54420,54421,54423],{},[15,54422,122],{}," starts with four items",[36,54425,54426,54429],{},[15,54427,54428],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[36,54431,54432],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[24,54434,54435,54436,425],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[419,54437,52640],{"href":54438},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[70,54440,17301],{"id":17300},[24,54442,54443,2279,54445,425],{},[15,54444,11200],{},[15,54446,3653],{},[24,54448,40777,54449,52536],{},[42,54450,1367],{},[75,54452,54454],{"className":77,"code":54453,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54455,54456,54488,54492,54506,54510,54523],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54457,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54459,7656],{"class":90},[84,54461,95],{"class":94},[84,54463,3498],{"class":102},[84,54465,854],{"class":387},[84,54467,419],{"class":391},[84,54469,854],{"class":387},[84,54471,282],{"class":102},[84,54473,3230],{"class":387},[84,54475,4634],{"class":391},[84,54477,854],{"class":387},[84,54479,282],{"class":102},[84,54481,3230],{"class":387},[84,54483,9619],{"class":391},[84,54485,854],{"class":387},[84,54487,317],{"class":102},[84,54489,54490],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54491,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54493,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54495,2110],{"class":90},[84,54497,95],{"class":94},[84,54499,5839],{"class":90},[84,54501,425],{"class":102},[84,54503,11262],{"class":121},[84,54505,8520],{"class":102},[84,54507,54508],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,54509,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54511,54512,54514,54516,54518,54520],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,54513,116],{"class":98},[84,54515,103],{"class":102},[84,54517,7687],{"class":121},[84,54519,125],{"class":102},[84,54521,54522],{"class":128},"   # []\n",[84,54524,54525,54527,54529,54531,54533],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,54526,116],{"class":98},[84,54528,103],{"class":102},[84,54530,2145],{"class":121},[84,54532,125],{"class":102},[84,54534,20759],{"class":128},[24,54536,54537],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[75,54539,54541],{"className":77,"code":54540,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54542,54543,54563,54577],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54544,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559,54561],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54546,7656],{"class":90},[84,54548,95],{"class":94},[84,54550,3498],{"class":102},[84,54552,838],{"class":106},[84,54554,282],{"class":102},[84,54556,304],{"class":106},[84,54558,282],{"class":102},[84,54560,309],{"class":106},[84,54562,317],{"class":102},[84,54564,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54566,7656],{"class":90},[84,54568,95],{"class":94},[84,54570,5839],{"class":90},[84,54572,425],{"class":102},[84,54574,11262],{"class":121},[84,54576,8520],{"class":102},[84,54578,54579,54581,54583,54585],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54580,116],{"class":98},[84,54582,103],{"class":102},[84,54584,7687],{"class":121},[84,54586,110],{"class":102},[24,54588,11797,54589,42027,54591,54593],{},[15,54590,7687],{},[15,54592,3653],{},", not an empty list.",[70,54595,54597,54599,54600],{"id":54596},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54598,11200],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54601,3662],{},[24,54603,54604],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[75,54606,54607],{"className":77,"code":54318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54608,54609],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54610,54611,54613,54615,54617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54612,8216],{"class":90},[84,54614,425],{"class":102},[84,54616,11262],{"class":121},[84,54618,8520],{"class":102},[75,54620,54622],{"className":77,"code":54621,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = []\n",[15,54623,54624],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54625,54626,54628,54630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54627,8185],{"class":90},[84,54629,95],{"class":94},[84,54631,7716],{"class":102},[1667,54633,54635,54637],{"id":54634},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54636,11200],{}," empties the same list object",[75,54639,54641],{"className":77,"code":54640,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54642,54643,54663,54671,54675,54685,54689,54701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54644,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54646,2436],{"class":90},[84,54648,95],{"class":94},[84,54650,3498],{"class":102},[84,54652,838],{"class":106},[84,54654,282],{"class":102},[84,54656,304],{"class":106},[84,54658,282],{"class":102},[84,54660,309],{"class":106},[84,54662,317],{"class":102},[84,54664,54665,54667,54669],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54666,2463],{"class":90},[84,54668,95],{"class":94},[84,54670,36050],{"class":90},[84,54672,54673],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54674,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54676,54677,54679,54681,54683],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,54678,419],{"class":90},[84,54680,425],{"class":102},[84,54682,11262],{"class":121},[84,54684,8520],{"class":102},[84,54686,54687],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,54688,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54690,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,54692,116],{"class":98},[84,54694,103],{"class":102},[84,54696,419],{"class":121},[84,54698,125],{"class":102},[84,54700,54274],{"class":128},[84,54702,54703,54705,54707,54709,54711],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,54704,116],{"class":98},[84,54706,103],{"class":102},[84,54708,4634],{"class":121},[84,54710,125],{"class":102},[84,54712,54274],{"class":128},[24,54714,10470,54715,28,54717,54719],{},[15,54716,419],{},[15,54718,4634],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1667,54721,54723,54726],{"id":54722},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54724,54725],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[75,54728,54730],{"className":77,"code":54729,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54731,54732,54752,54760,54764,54772,54776,54788],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54733,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748,54750],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54735,2436],{"class":90},[84,54737,95],{"class":94},[84,54739,3498],{"class":102},[84,54741,838],{"class":106},[84,54743,282],{"class":102},[84,54745,304],{"class":106},[84,54747,282],{"class":102},[84,54749,309],{"class":106},[84,54751,317],{"class":102},[84,54753,54754,54756,54758],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54755,2463],{"class":90},[84,54757,95],{"class":94},[84,54759,36050],{"class":90},[84,54761,54762],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54763,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54765,54766,54768,54770],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,54767,2436],{"class":90},[84,54769,95],{"class":94},[84,54771,7716],{"class":102},[84,54773,54774],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,54775,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54777,54778,54780,54782,54784,54786],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,54779,116],{"class":98},[84,54781,103],{"class":102},[84,54783,419],{"class":121},[84,54785,125],{"class":102},[84,54787,54274],{"class":128},[84,54789,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,54791,116],{"class":98},[84,54793,103],{"class":102},[84,54795,4634],{"class":121},[84,54797,125],{"class":102},[84,54799,54800],{"class":128},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[24,54802,532,54803,54805,54806,54808],{},[15,54804,419],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54807,4634],{}," still points to the original list.",[24,54810,54811],{},"This difference matters when:",[33,54813,54814,54817,54820],{},[36,54815,54816],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[36,54818,54819],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[36,54821,54822],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[24,54824,54825,54826,425],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[419,54827,54829,54830,10620],{"href":54828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54831,12659],{},[70,54833,792,54834],{"id":12319},[15,54835,11200],{},[24,54837,153,54838,6190],{},[15,54839,11200],{},[33,54841,54842,54845,54848],{},[36,54843,54844],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[36,54846,54847],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[36,54849,54850],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[24,54852,190],{},[75,54854,54856],{"className":77,"code":54855,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54857,54858,54894,54898,54903,54914,54918],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54859,54860,54863,54865,54867,54869,54872,54874,54876,54878,54881,54883,54885,54887,54890,54892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54861,54862],{"class":90},"shopping_cart ",[84,54864,95],{"class":94},[84,54866,3498],{"class":102},[84,54868,854],{"class":387},[84,54870,54871],{"class":391},"milk",[84,54873,854],{"class":387},[84,54875,282],{"class":102},[84,54877,3230],{"class":387},[84,54879,54880],{"class":391},"bread",[84,54882,854],{"class":387},[84,54884,282],{"class":102},[84,54886,3230],{"class":387},[84,54888,54889],{"class":391},"eggs",[84,54891,854],{"class":387},[84,54893,317],{"class":102},[84,54895,54896],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54897,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54899,54900],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54901,54902],{"class":128},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[84,54904,54905,54908,54910,54912],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,54906,54907],{"class":90},"shopping_cart",[84,54909,425],{"class":102},[84,54911,11262],{"class":121},[84,54913,8520],{"class":102},[84,54915,54916],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,54917,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54919,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,54921,116],{"class":98},[84,54923,103],{"class":102},[84,54925,54907],{"class":121},[84,54927,125],{"class":102},[84,54929,54274],{"class":128},[24,54931,54932,54933,54937,54938,54944,54945,425],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[419,54934,54936],{"href":54935},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[419,54939,54941,10620],{"href":54940},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54942,54943],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[419,54946,54948,10620],{"href":54947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54949,54950],{},"list.pop()",[70,54952,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,54954,54956,54957,1686,54960],{"id":54955},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54958,54959],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54961,54962],{},"my_list.clear()",[24,54964,54965],{},"This does not call the method.",[75,54967,54969],{"className":77,"code":54968,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54970,54971,54991,54995,55004],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54972,54973,54975,54977,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987,54989],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54974,7656],{"class":90},[84,54976,95],{"class":94},[84,54978,3498],{"class":102},[84,54980,838],{"class":106},[84,54982,282],{"class":102},[84,54984,304],{"class":106},[84,54986,282],{"class":102},[84,54988,309],{"class":106},[84,54990,317],{"class":102},[84,54992,54993],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,54994,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,54996,54997,54999,55001],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,54998,7687],{"class":90},[84,55000,425],{"class":102},[84,55002,55003],{"class":24629},"clear\n",[84,55005,55006,55008,55010,55012],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55007,116],{"class":98},[84,55009,103],{"class":102},[84,55011,7687],{"class":121},[84,55013,110],{"class":102},[24,55015,265],{},[75,55017,55019],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55020,55021],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55022,55023,55025,55027,55029,55031,55033,55035],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55024,292],{"class":102},[84,55026,838],{"class":106},[84,55028,282],{"class":102},[84,55030,304],{"class":106},[84,55032,282],{"class":102},[84,55034,309],{"class":106},[84,55036,317],{"class":102},[24,55038,55039],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[24,55041,10687],{},[75,55043,55045],{"className":77,"code":55044,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55046,55047,55067,55071,55081],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55048,55049,55051,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55050,7656],{"class":90},[84,55052,95],{"class":94},[84,55054,3498],{"class":102},[84,55056,838],{"class":106},[84,55058,282],{"class":102},[84,55060,304],{"class":106},[84,55062,282],{"class":102},[84,55064,309],{"class":106},[84,55066,317],{"class":102},[84,55068,55069],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55070,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55072,55073,55075,55077,55079],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,55074,7687],{"class":90},[84,55076,425],{"class":102},[84,55078,11262],{"class":121},[84,55080,8520],{"class":102},[84,55082,55083,55085,55087,55089,55091],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55084,116],{"class":98},[84,55086,103],{"class":102},[84,55088,7687],{"class":121},[84,55090,125],{"class":102},[84,55092,54274],{"class":128},[1667,55094,8329,55096,55098],{"id":55095},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55097,11200],{}," to return the emptied list",[24,55100,55101,2279,55103,55105],{},[15,55102,11200],{},[15,55104,3653],{},", not the list.",[75,55107,55109],{"className":77,"code":55108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55110,55111,55131,55145,55149,55161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55112,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55114,7656],{"class":90},[84,55116,95],{"class":94},[84,55118,3498],{"class":102},[84,55120,838],{"class":106},[84,55122,282],{"class":102},[84,55124,304],{"class":106},[84,55126,282],{"class":102},[84,55128,309],{"class":106},[84,55130,317],{"class":102},[84,55132,55133,55135,55137,55139,55141,55143],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55134,2110],{"class":90},[84,55136,95],{"class":94},[84,55138,5839],{"class":90},[84,55140,425],{"class":102},[84,55142,11262],{"class":121},[84,55144,8520],{"class":102},[84,55146,55147],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,55148,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55150,55151,55153,55155,55157,55159],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55152,116],{"class":98},[84,55154,103],{"class":102},[84,55156,2145],{"class":121},[84,55158,125],{"class":102},[84,55160,20759],{"class":128},[84,55162,55163,55165,55167,55169,55171],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,55164,116],{"class":98},[84,55166,103],{"class":102},[84,55168,7687],{"class":121},[84,55170,125],{"class":102},[84,55172,54522],{"class":128},[1667,55174,1442,55176,55178],{"id":55175},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55177,11200],{}," on a value that is not a list",[24,55180,55181,55182,55184],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55183,11200],{}," method, but not all of them.",[24,55186,55187],{},"This will fail:",[75,55189,55191],{"className":77,"code":55190,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55192,55193,55205],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55194,55195,55197,55199,55201,55203],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55196,34565],{"class":90},[84,55198,95],{"class":94},[84,55200,3230],{"class":387},[84,55202,3721],{"class":391},[84,55204,3236],{"class":387},[84,55206,55207,55209,55211,55213],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55208,34586],{"class":90},[84,55210,425],{"class":102},[84,55212,11262],{"class":121},[84,55214,8520],{"class":102},[24,55216,55217,55218,33478],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55219,11200],{},[24,55221,55222,55223,55225],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55224,3653],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[24,55227,55228],{},"Useful checks:",[75,55230,55232],{"className":77,"code":55231,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55233,55234,55244,55258,55272,55281,55291],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55235,55236,55238,55240,55242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55237,116],{"class":98},[84,55239,103],{"class":102},[84,55241,8216],{"class":121},[84,55243,110],{"class":102},[84,55245,55246,55248,55250,55252,55254,55256],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55247,116],{"class":98},[84,55249,103],{"class":102},[84,55251,334],{"class":139},[84,55253,103],{"class":102},[84,55255,8216],{"class":121},[84,55257,232],{"class":102},[84,55259,55260,55262,55264,55266,55268,55270],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,55261,116],{"class":98},[84,55263,103],{"class":102},[84,55265,12531],{"class":98},[84,55267,103],{"class":102},[84,55269,8216],{"class":121},[84,55271,232],{"class":102},[84,55273,55274,55276,55278],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55275,43421],{"class":90},[84,55277,95],{"class":94},[84,55279,55280],{"class":90}," my_list\n",[84,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,55284,8216],{"class":90},[84,55286,425],{"class":102},[84,55288,11262],{"class":121},[84,55290,8520],{"class":102},[84,55292,55293,55295,55297,55299],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,55294,116],{"class":98},[84,55296,103],{"class":102},[84,55298,30619],{"class":121},[84,55300,110],{"class":102},[24,55302,55303],{},"These can help you see:",[33,55305,55306,55309,55312],{},[36,55307,55308],{},"What the variable currently contains",[36,55310,55311],{},"Whether it is really a list",[36,55313,55314],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[24,55316,55317,55318,425],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[419,55319,55320],{"href":54164},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[70,55322,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,55324,12586,55326,55328],{"id":55325},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55327,54217],{}," delete the list?",[24,55330,55331],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1667,55333,12586,55335,55337],{"id":55334},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55336,54217],{}," return a new list?",[24,55339,55340,55341,55343],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55342,3653],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1667,55345,5053,55347,28,55349,1689],{"id":55346},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55348,11200],{},[15,55350,54725],{},[24,55352,55353,55355,55356,55358],{},[15,55354,11200],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55357,54725],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1667,55360,28205,55362,55364],{"id":55361},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55363,11200],{}," on other types?",[24,55366,55367,55368,55370],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55369,11200],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[70,55372,1777],{"id":1776},[33,55374,55375,55379,55384,55391,55397,55403],{},[36,55376,55377],{},[419,55378,52640],{"href":54438},[36,55380,55381],{},[419,55382,55383],{"href":54935},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[36,55385,55386],{},[419,55387,55388,55389,10620],{"href":54947},"Python list ",[15,55390,12645],{},[36,55392,55393],{},[419,55394,55388,55395,10620],{"href":54940},[15,55396,1266],{},[36,55398,55399],{},[419,55400,55388,55401,10620],{"href":54828},[15,55402,12659],{},[36,55404,55405],{},[419,55406,30223,55407,33511],{"href":54164},[15,55408,55409],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1814,55411,55412],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":55414},[55415,55416,55418,55419,55420,55421,55428,55429,55437,55447],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":54282,"depth":113,"text":55417},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":54596,"depth":113,"text":55422,"children":55423},"clear() vs assigning []",[55424,55426],{"id":54634,"depth":132,"text":55425},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54722,"depth":132,"text":55427},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12319,"depth":113,"text":12691},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":55430},[55431,55433,55435],{"id":54955,"depth":132,"text":55432},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55095,"depth":132,"text":55434},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55175,"depth":132,"text":55436},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":55438},[55439,55441,55443,55445],{"id":55325,"depth":132,"text":55440},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55334,"depth":132,"text":55442},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55346,"depth":132,"text":55444},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55361,"depth":132,"text":55446},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54204,"description":55448},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55455,"title":55456,"body":55457,"description":57142,"extension":1845,"meta":57143,"navigation":237,"path":57144,"seo":57145,"stem":57146,"__hash__":57147},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55458,"toc":57110},[55459,55464,55470,55478,55480,55569,55576,55581,55585,55599,55601,55678,55680,55741,55744,55746,55748,55769,55772,55786,55789,55834,55836,55844,55847,55853,55859,55862,55939,55941,55986,55989,55994,56077,56079,56120,56125,56129,56135,56137,56145,56148,56241,56243,56301,56304,56320,56325,56335,56340,56342,56347,56352,56355,56357,56414,56417,56470,56476,56481,56485,56502,56504,56588,56590,56631,56639,56641,56646,56652,56654,56717,56722,56792,56796,56831,56834,56836,56875,56879,56955,56961,56967,56972,56994,56997,57016,57024,57026,57032,57035,57042,57050,57055,57058,57062,57068,57076,57079,57081,57107],[10,55460,54210,55462,11201],{"id":55461},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55463,12659],{},[24,55465,55466,55469],{},[15,55467,55468],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[24,55471,55472,55473,13937,55475,55477],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55474,95],{},[42,55476,1367],{}," make a real copy.",[70,55479,1887],{"id":1886},[75,55481,55483],{"className":77,"code":55482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55484,55485,55505,55520,55524,55539,55543,55556],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55486,55487,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55488,91],{"class":90},[84,55490,95],{"class":94},[84,55492,3498],{"class":102},[84,55494,838],{"class":106},[84,55496,282],{"class":102},[84,55498,304],{"class":106},[84,55500,282],{"class":102},[84,55502,309],{"class":106},[84,55504,317],{"class":102},[84,55506,55507,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55508,55509],{"class":90},"new_numbers ",[84,55511,95],{"class":94},[84,55513,4137],{"class":90},[84,55515,425],{"class":102},[84,55517,12794],{"class":121},[84,55519,8520],{"class":102},[84,55521,55522],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,55523,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55525,55526,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55527,55528],{"class":90},"new_numbers",[84,55530,425],{"class":102},[84,55532,998],{"class":121},[84,55534,103],{"class":102},[84,55536,2386],{"class":106},[84,55538,110],{"class":102},[84,55540,55541],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,55542,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55544,55545,55547,55549,55551,55553],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,55546,116],{"class":98},[84,55548,103],{"class":102},[84,55550,122],{"class":121},[84,55552,125],{"class":102},[84,55554,55555],{"class":128},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[84,55557,55558,55560,55562,55564,55566],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,55559,116],{"class":98},[84,55561,103],{"class":102},[84,55563,55528],{"class":121},[84,55565,125],{"class":102},[84,55567,55568],{"class":128},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,55570,153,55571,55573,55574,425],{},[15,55572,55468],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[42,55575,12733],{},[70,55577,429,55579,3554],{"id":55578},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55580,55468],{},[24,55582,55583,881],{},[15,55584,55468],{},[33,55586,55587,55590,55593,55596],{},[36,55588,55589],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[36,55591,55592],{},"Returns that new list",[36,55594,55595],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[36,55597,55598],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[24,55600,190],{},[75,55602,55604],{"className":77,"code":55603,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55605,55606,55638,55653,55657,55667],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55607,55608,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55609,36113],{"class":90},[84,55611,95],{"class":94},[84,55613,3498],{"class":102},[84,55615,854],{"class":387},[84,55617,3952],{"class":391},[84,55619,854],{"class":387},[84,55621,282],{"class":102},[84,55623,3230],{"class":387},[84,55625,3961],{"class":391},[84,55627,854],{"class":387},[84,55629,282],{"class":102},[84,55631,3230],{"class":387},[84,55633,33098],{"class":391},[84,55635,854],{"class":387},[84,55637,317],{"class":102},[84,55639,55640,55643,55645,55647,55649,55651],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55641,55642],{"class":90},"copied_fruits ",[84,55644,95],{"class":94},[84,55646,52720],{"class":90},[84,55648,425],{"class":102},[84,55650,12794],{"class":121},[84,55652,8520],{"class":102},[84,55654,55655],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,55656,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55658,55659,55661,55663,55665],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55660,116],{"class":98},[84,55662,103],{"class":102},[84,55664,36165],{"class":121},[84,55666,110],{"class":102},[84,55668,55669,55671,55673,55676],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,55670,116],{"class":98},[84,55672,103],{"class":102},[84,55674,55675],{"class":121},"copied_fruits",[84,55677,110],{"class":102},[24,55679,265],{},[75,55681,55683],{"className":77,"code":55682,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55684,55685,55713],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55686,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695,55697,55699,55701,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55688,292],{"class":102},[84,55690,394],{"class":387},[84,55692,3952],{"class":391},[84,55694,394],{"class":387},[84,55696,282],{"class":102},[84,55698,388],{"class":387},[84,55700,3961],{"class":391},[84,55702,394],{"class":387},[84,55704,282],{"class":102},[84,55706,388],{"class":387},[84,55708,33098],{"class":391},[84,55710,394],{"class":387},[84,55712,317],{"class":102},[84,55714,55715,55717,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729,55731,55733,55735,55737,55739],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55716,292],{"class":102},[84,55718,394],{"class":387},[84,55720,3952],{"class":391},[84,55722,394],{"class":387},[84,55724,282],{"class":102},[84,55726,388],{"class":387},[84,55728,3961],{"class":391},[84,55730,394],{"class":387},[84,55732,282],{"class":102},[84,55734,388],{"class":387},[84,55736,33098],{"class":391},[84,55738,394],{"class":387},[84,55740,317],{"class":102},[24,55742,55743],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[70,55745,2038],{"id":2037},[24,55747,2041],{},[75,55749,55751],{"className":77,"code":55750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55752,55753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55754,55755,55758,55760,55763,55765,55767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55756,55757],{"class":90},"new_list ",[84,55759,95],{"class":94},[84,55761,55762],{"class":90}," old_list",[84,55764,425],{"class":102},[84,55766,12794],{"class":121},[84,55768,8520],{"class":102},[24,55770,55771],{},"How it works:",[33,55773,55774,55780,55783],{},[36,55775,55776,55777,55779],{},"Call ",[15,55778,12659],{}," on an existing list",[36,55781,55782],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[36,55784,55785],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[24,55787,55788],{},"Example with an empty list:",[75,55790,55792],{"className":77,"code":55791,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55793,55794,55803,55819,55823],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55795,55796,55799,55801],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55797,55798],{"class":90},"empty_list ",[84,55800,95],{"class":94},[84,55802,7716],{"class":102},[84,55804,55805,55808,55810,55813,55815,55817],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55806,55807],{"class":90},"new_empty_list ",[84,55809,95],{"class":94},[84,55811,55812],{"class":90}," empty_list",[84,55814,425],{"class":102},[84,55816,12794],{"class":121},[84,55818,8520],{"class":102},[84,55820,55821],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,55822,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55824,55825,55827,55829,55832],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55826,116],{"class":98},[84,55828,103],{"class":102},[84,55830,55831],{"class":121},"new_empty_list",[84,55833,110],{"class":102},[24,55835,265],{},[75,55837,55838],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,55839,55840],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55841,55842],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55843,38167],{"class":102},[24,55845,55846],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[70,55848,55850,55851],{"id":55849},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55852,95],{},[24,55854,1442,55855,13937,55857,52536],{},[15,55856,95],{},[42,55858,1367],{},[24,55860,55861],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[75,55863,55865],{"className":77,"code":55864,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55866,55867,55887,55896,55900,55915,55919,55929],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55868,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55870,91],{"class":90},[84,55872,95],{"class":94},[84,55874,3498],{"class":102},[84,55876,838],{"class":106},[84,55878,282],{"class":102},[84,55880,304],{"class":106},[84,55882,282],{"class":102},[84,55884,309],{"class":106},[84,55886,317],{"class":102},[84,55888,55889,55892,55894],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55890,55891],{"class":90},"same_list ",[84,55893,95],{"class":94},[84,55895,43854],{"class":90},[84,55897,55898],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,55899,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55901,55902,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,55903,55904],{"class":90},"same_list",[84,55906,425],{"class":102},[84,55908,998],{"class":121},[84,55910,103],{"class":102},[84,55912,2386],{"class":106},[84,55914,110],{"class":102},[84,55916,55917],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,55918,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,55920,55921,55923,55925,55927],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,55922,116],{"class":98},[84,55924,103],{"class":102},[84,55926,122],{"class":121},[84,55928,110],{"class":102},[84,55930,55931,55933,55935,55937],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,55932,116],{"class":98},[84,55934,103],{"class":102},[84,55936,55904],{"class":121},[84,55938,110],{"class":102},[24,55940,265],{},[75,55942,55944],{"className":77,"code":55943,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55945,55946,55966],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55947,55948,55950,55952,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55949,292],{"class":102},[84,55951,838],{"class":106},[84,55953,282],{"class":102},[84,55955,304],{"class":106},[84,55957,282],{"class":102},[84,55959,309],{"class":106},[84,55961,282],{"class":102},[84,55963,314],{"class":106},[84,55965,317],{"class":102},[84,55967,55968,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,55969,292],{"class":102},[84,55971,838],{"class":106},[84,55973,282],{"class":102},[84,55975,304],{"class":106},[84,55977,282],{"class":102},[84,55979,309],{"class":106},[84,55981,282],{"class":102},[84,55983,314],{"class":106},[84,55985,317],{"class":102},[24,55987,55988],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[24,55990,55991,55992,881],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55993,12659],{},[75,55995,55997],{"className":77,"code":55996,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55998,55999,56019,56034,56038,56053,56057,56067],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56000,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56002,91],{"class":90},[84,56004,95],{"class":94},[84,56006,3498],{"class":102},[84,56008,838],{"class":106},[84,56010,282],{"class":102},[84,56012,304],{"class":106},[84,56014,282],{"class":102},[84,56016,309],{"class":106},[84,56018,317],{"class":102},[84,56020,56021,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56022,56023],{"class":90},"copied_numbers ",[84,56025,95],{"class":94},[84,56027,4137],{"class":90},[84,56029,425],{"class":102},[84,56031,12794],{"class":121},[84,56033,8520],{"class":102},[84,56035,56036],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56037,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56039,56040,56043,56045,56047,56049,56051],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56041,56042],{"class":90},"copied_numbers",[84,56044,425],{"class":102},[84,56046,998],{"class":121},[84,56048,103],{"class":102},[84,56050,2386],{"class":106},[84,56052,110],{"class":102},[84,56054,56055],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,56056,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56058,56059,56061,56063,56065],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,56060,116],{"class":98},[84,56062,103],{"class":102},[84,56064,122],{"class":121},[84,56066,110],{"class":102},[84,56068,56069,56071,56073,56075],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,56070,116],{"class":98},[84,56072,103],{"class":102},[84,56074,56042],{"class":121},[84,56076,110],{"class":102},[24,56078,265],{},[75,56080,56082],{"className":77,"code":56081,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56083,56084,56100],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56085,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096,56098],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56087,292],{"class":102},[84,56089,838],{"class":106},[84,56091,282],{"class":102},[84,56093,304],{"class":106},[84,56095,282],{"class":102},[84,56097,309],{"class":106},[84,56099,317],{"class":102},[84,56101,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116,56118],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56103,292],{"class":102},[84,56105,838],{"class":106},[84,56107,282],{"class":102},[84,56109,304],{"class":106},[84,56111,282],{"class":102},[84,56113,309],{"class":106},[84,56115,282],{"class":102},[84,56117,314],{"class":106},[84,56119,317],{"class":102},[24,56121,56122,56123,425],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[419,56124,52640],{"href":50848},[70,56126,56128],{"id":56127},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[24,56130,56131,12730,56133,425],{},[15,56132,55468],{},[42,56134,12733],{},[24,56136,1074],{},[33,56138,56139,56142],{},[36,56140,56141],{},"The outer list is new",[36,56143,56144],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[24,56146,56147],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[75,56149,56151],{"className":77,"code":56150,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56152,56153,56180,56194,56198,56217,56221,56231],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56154,56155,56157,56159,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56156,11967],{"class":90},[84,56158,95],{"class":94},[84,56160,56161],{"class":102}," [[",[84,56163,838],{"class":106},[84,56165,282],{"class":102},[84,56167,304],{"class":106},[84,56169,17945],{"class":102},[84,56171,3498],{"class":102},[84,56173,1162],{"class":106},[84,56175,282],{"class":102},[84,56177,314],{"class":106},[84,56179,53111],{"class":102},[84,56181,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56183,14195],{"class":90},[84,56185,95],{"class":94},[84,56187,12042],{"class":90},[84,56189,425],{"class":102},[84,56191,12794],{"class":121},[84,56193,8520],{"class":102},[84,56195,56196],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56197,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56199,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212,56215],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56201,14214],{"class":90},[84,56203,292],{"class":102},[84,56205,279],{"class":106},[84,56207,13434],{"class":102},[84,56209,998],{"class":121},[84,56211,103],{"class":102},[84,56213,56214],{"class":106},"99",[84,56216,110],{"class":102},[84,56218,56219],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,56220,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56222,56223,56225,56227,56229],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,56224,116],{"class":98},[84,56226,103],{"class":102},[84,56228,12014],{"class":121},[84,56230,110],{"class":102},[84,56232,56233,56235,56237,56239],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,56234,116],{"class":98},[84,56236,103],{"class":102},[84,56238,14214],{"class":121},[84,56240,110],{"class":102},[24,56242,265],{},[75,56244,56246],{"className":77,"code":56245,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56247,56248,56275],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56249,56250,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56251,56252],{"class":102},"[[",[84,56254,838],{"class":106},[84,56256,282],{"class":102},[84,56258,304],{"class":106},[84,56260,282],{"class":102},[84,56262,10077],{"class":106},[84,56264,17945],{"class":102},[84,56266,3498],{"class":102},[84,56268,1162],{"class":106},[84,56270,282],{"class":102},[84,56272,314],{"class":106},[84,56274,53111],{"class":102},[84,56276,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56278,56252],{"class":102},[84,56280,838],{"class":106},[84,56282,282],{"class":102},[84,56284,304],{"class":106},[84,56286,282],{"class":102},[84,56288,10077],{"class":106},[84,56290,17945],{"class":102},[84,56292,3498],{"class":102},[84,56294,1162],{"class":106},[84,56296,282],{"class":102},[84,56298,314],{"class":106},[84,56300,53111],{"class":102},[24,56302,56303],{},"Why did both change?",[33,56305,56306,56313],{},[36,56307,56308,28,56310,56312],{},[15,56309,12014],{},[15,56311,14214],{}," are different outer lists",[36,56314,56315,56316,56319],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56317,56318],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[24,56321,53522,56322,56324],{},[15,56323,12659],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[33,56326,56327,56330,56333],{},[36,56328,56329],{},"Numbers",[36,56331,56332],{},"Strings",[36,56334,40466],{},[24,56336,56337,56338,425],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[419,56339,13674],{"href":13673},[70,56341,17301],{"id":17300},[24,56343,56344,56346],{},[15,56345,55468],{}," returns a new list.",[24,56348,40777,56349,56351],{},[42,56350,1367],{}," change the original list by itself.",[24,56353,56354],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[24,56356,16538],{},[75,56358,56360],{"className":77,"code":56359,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56361,56362,56386,56400,56404],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56363,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56365,12959],{"class":90},[84,56367,95],{"class":94},[84,56369,3498],{"class":102},[84,56371,854],{"class":387},[84,56373,12976],{"class":391},[84,56375,854],{"class":387},[84,56377,282],{"class":102},[84,56379,3230],{"class":387},[84,56381,12993],{"class":391},[84,56383,854],{"class":387},[84,56385,317],{"class":102},[84,56387,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56389,13002],{"class":90},[84,56391,95],{"class":94},[84,56393,13007],{"class":90},[84,56395,425],{"class":102},[84,56397,12794],{"class":121},[84,56399,8520],{"class":102},[84,56401,56402],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56403,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56405,56406,56408,56410,56412],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56407,116],{"class":98},[84,56409,103],{"class":102},[84,56411,13026],{"class":121},[84,56413,110],{"class":102},[24,56415,56416],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[75,56418,56420],{"className":77,"code":56419,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56421,56422,56446,56456,56460],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56423,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56425,12959],{"class":90},[84,56427,95],{"class":94},[84,56429,3498],{"class":102},[84,56431,854],{"class":387},[84,56433,12976],{"class":391},[84,56435,854],{"class":387},[84,56437,282],{"class":102},[84,56439,3230],{"class":387},[84,56441,12993],{"class":391},[84,56443,854],{"class":387},[84,56445,317],{"class":102},[84,56447,56448,56450,56452,56454],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56449,17385],{"class":90},[84,56451,425],{"class":102},[84,56453,12794],{"class":121},[84,56455,8520],{"class":102},[84,56457,56458],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56459,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56461,56462,56464,56466,56468],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56463,116],{"class":98},[84,56465,103],{"class":102},[84,56467,17385],{"class":121},[84,56469,110],{"class":102},[24,56471,56472,56473,56475],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56474,12659],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[70,56477,792,56479],{"id":56478},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56480,55468],{},[24,56482,153,56483,799],{},[15,56484,55468],{},[33,56486,56487,56490,56493,56496],{},[36,56488,56489],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[36,56491,56492],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[36,56494,56495],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[36,56497,56498,56499],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56500,56501],{},"[:]",[24,56503,190],{},[75,56505,56507],{"className":77,"code":56506,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56508,56509,56529,56544,56548,56563,56567,56577],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56510,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56512,4937],{"class":90},[84,56514,95],{"class":94},[84,56516,3498],{"class":102},[84,56518,2212],{"class":106},[84,56520,282],{"class":102},[84,56522,7667],{"class":106},[84,56524,282],{"class":102},[84,56526,7672],{"class":106},[84,56528,317],{"class":102},[84,56530,56531,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56532,56533],{"class":90},"backup_scores ",[84,56535,95],{"class":94},[84,56537,4984],{"class":90},[84,56539,425],{"class":102},[84,56541,12794],{"class":121},[84,56543,8520],{"class":102},[84,56545,56546],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56547,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56549,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558,56561],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56551,16271],{"class":90},[84,56553,425],{"class":102},[84,56555,998],{"class":121},[84,56557,103],{"class":102},[84,56559,56560],{"class":106},"40",[84,56562,110],{"class":102},[84,56564,56565],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,56566,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56568,56569,56571,56573,56575],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,56570,116],{"class":98},[84,56572,103],{"class":102},[84,56574,16271],{"class":121},[84,56576,110],{"class":102},[84,56578,56579,56581,56583,56586],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,56580,116],{"class":98},[84,56582,103],{"class":102},[84,56584,56585],{"class":121},"backup_scores",[84,56587,110],{"class":102},[24,56589,265],{},[75,56591,56593],{"className":77,"code":56592,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56594,56595,56615],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56596,56597,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56598,292],{"class":102},[84,56600,2212],{"class":106},[84,56602,282],{"class":102},[84,56604,7667],{"class":106},[84,56606,282],{"class":102},[84,56608,7672],{"class":106},[84,56610,282],{"class":102},[84,56612,50712],{"class":106},[84,56614,317],{"class":102},[84,56616,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56618,292],{"class":102},[84,56620,2212],{"class":106},[84,56622,282],{"class":102},[84,56624,7667],{"class":106},[84,56626,282],{"class":102},[84,56628,7672],{"class":106},[84,56630,317],{"class":102},[24,56632,56633,56634,425],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[419,56635,55388,56637,10620],{"href":56636},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56638,1099],{},[70,56640,4393],{"id":4392},[24,56642,56643,56644,425],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56645,55468],{},[1667,56647,1442,56649,56651],{"id":56648},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56650,95],{}," and expecting a real copy",[24,56653,39069],{},[75,56655,56657],{"className":77,"code":56656,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56658,56659,56679,56687,56701,56705],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56660,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675,56677],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56662,2436],{"class":90},[84,56664,95],{"class":94},[84,56666,3498],{"class":102},[84,56668,838],{"class":106},[84,56670,282],{"class":102},[84,56672,304],{"class":106},[84,56674,282],{"class":102},[84,56676,309],{"class":106},[84,56678,317],{"class":102},[84,56680,56681,56683,56685],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56682,2463],{"class":90},[84,56684,95],{"class":94},[84,56686,36050],{"class":90},[84,56688,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56690,4634],{"class":90},[84,56692,425],{"class":102},[84,56694,998],{"class":121},[84,56696,103],{"class":102},[84,56698,2386],{"class":106},[84,56700,110],{"class":102},[84,56702,56703],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56704,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56706,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,56708,116],{"class":98},[84,56710,103],{"class":102},[84,56712,419],{"class":121},[84,56714,125],{"class":102},[84,56716,55568],{"class":128},[24,56718,56719,56720,6505],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56721,12659],{},[75,56723,56725],{"className":77,"code":56724,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56726,56727,56747,56762,56776,56780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56728,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56730,2436],{"class":90},[84,56732,95],{"class":94},[84,56734,3498],{"class":102},[84,56736,838],{"class":106},[84,56738,282],{"class":102},[84,56740,304],{"class":106},[84,56742,282],{"class":102},[84,56744,309],{"class":106},[84,56746,317],{"class":102},[84,56748,56749,56751,56753,56756,56758,56760],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56750,2463],{"class":90},[84,56752,95],{"class":94},[84,56754,56755],{"class":90}," a",[84,56757,425],{"class":102},[84,56759,12794],{"class":121},[84,56761,8520],{"class":102},[84,56763,56764,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56765,4634],{"class":90},[84,56767,425],{"class":102},[84,56769,998],{"class":121},[84,56771,103],{"class":102},[84,56773,2386],{"class":106},[84,56775,110],{"class":102},[84,56777,56778],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56779,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56781,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,56783,116],{"class":98},[84,56785,103],{"class":102},[84,56787,419],{"class":121},[84,56789,125],{"class":102},[84,56791,54800],{"class":128},[1667,56793,56795],{"id":56794},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[75,56797,56799],{"className":77,"code":56798,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56800,56801,56821],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56802,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811,56813,56815,56817,56819],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56804,91],{"class":90},[84,56806,95],{"class":94},[84,56808,3498],{"class":102},[84,56810,838],{"class":106},[84,56812,282],{"class":102},[84,56814,304],{"class":106},[84,56816,282],{"class":102},[84,56818,309],{"class":106},[84,56820,317],{"class":102},[84,56822,56823,56825,56827,56829],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56824,122],{"class":90},[84,56826,425],{"class":102},[84,56828,12794],{"class":121},[84,56830,8520],{"class":102},[24,56832,56833],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[24,56835,39132],{},[75,56837,56839],{"className":77,"code":56838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56840,56841,56861],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56842,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56844,91],{"class":90},[84,56846,95],{"class":94},[84,56848,3498],{"class":102},[84,56850,838],{"class":106},[84,56852,282],{"class":102},[84,56854,304],{"class":106},[84,56856,282],{"class":102},[84,56858,309],{"class":106},[84,56860,317],{"class":102},[84,56862,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56864,56023],{"class":90},[84,56866,95],{"class":94},[84,56868,4137],{"class":90},[84,56870,425],{"class":102},[84,56872,12794],{"class":121},[84,56874,8520],{"class":102},[1667,56876,56878],{"id":56877},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[75,56880,56882],{"className":77,"code":56881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56883,56884,56902,56916,56920,56938,56942],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56885,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894,56896,56898,56900],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56887,2436],{"class":90},[84,56889,95],{"class":94},[84,56891,56161],{"class":102},[84,56893,838],{"class":106},[84,56895,17945],{"class":102},[84,56897,3498],{"class":102},[84,56899,568],{"class":106},[84,56901,53111],{"class":102},[84,56903,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56905,2463],{"class":90},[84,56907,95],{"class":94},[84,56909,56755],{"class":90},[84,56911,425],{"class":102},[84,56913,12794],{"class":121},[84,56915,8520],{"class":102},[84,56917,56918],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,56919,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56921,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932,56934,56936],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,56923,4634],{"class":90},[84,56925,292],{"class":102},[84,56927,279],{"class":106},[84,56929,13434],{"class":102},[84,56931,998],{"class":121},[84,56933,103],{"class":102},[84,56935,56214],{"class":106},[84,56937,110],{"class":102},[84,56939,56940],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,56941,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,56943,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,56945,116],{"class":98},[84,56947,103],{"class":102},[84,56949,419],{"class":121},[84,56951,125],{"class":102},[84,56953,56954],{"class":128},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[24,56956,56957,56958,56960],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56959,55468],{}," is shallow.",[1667,56962,25495,56964,56966],{"id":56963},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56965,12659],{}," on the wrong data type",[24,56968,56969,56971],{},[15,56970,12659],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[75,56973,56975],{"className":77,"code":56974,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56976,56977,56989],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56978,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56980,7754],{"class":90},[84,56982,95],{"class":94},[84,56984,3230],{"class":387},[84,56986,4877],{"class":391},[84,56988,3236],{"class":387},[84,56990,56991],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,56992,56993],{"class":128},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[24,56995,56996],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[75,56998,57000],{"className":77,"code":56999,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57001,57002],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57003,57004,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57005,116],{"class":98},[84,57007,103],{"class":102},[84,57009,334],{"class":139},[84,57011,103],{"class":102},[84,57013,7544],{"class":121},[84,57015,232],{"class":102},[24,57017,57018,57019,57023],{},"You can also review ",[419,57020,57022],{"href":57021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[70,57025,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,57027,12586,57029,57031],{"id":57028},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57030,55468],{}," change the original list?",[24,57033,57034],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1667,57036,5053,57038,28,57040,1689],{"id":57037},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57039,55468],{},[15,57041,95],{},[24,57043,57044,57046,57047,57049],{},[15,57045,12659],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57048,95],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1667,57051,1670,57053,14789],{"id":57052},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57054,55468],{},[24,57056,57057],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1667,57059,57061],{"id":57060},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[24,57063,42024,57064,57067],{},[15,57065,57066],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1667,57069,1670,57071,57073,57074,1689],{"id":57070},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57072,55468],{}," the same as ",[15,57075,56501],{},[24,57077,57078],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[70,57080,1777],{"id":1776},[33,57082,57083,57088,57092,57097,57103],{},[36,57084,57085],{},[419,57086,14848],{"href":57087},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,57089,57090],{},[419,57091,52640],{"href":50848},[36,57093,57094],{},[419,57095,57096],{"href":57021},"Creating a list in Python",[36,57098,57099],{},[419,57100,55388,57101,10620],{"href":56636},[15,57102,1099],{},[36,57104,57105],{},[419,57106,13674],{"href":13673},[1814,57108,57109],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":57111},[57112,57113,57115,57116,57118,57119,57120,57122,57130,57141],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":55578,"depth":113,"text":57114},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":55849,"depth":113,"text":57117},"Why not use =",{"id":56127,"depth":113,"text":56128},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":56478,"depth":113,"text":57121},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":57123},[57124,57126,57127,57128],{"id":56648,"depth":132,"text":57125},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56794,"depth":132,"text":56795},{"id":56877,"depth":132,"text":56878},{"id":56963,"depth":132,"text":57129},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":57131},[57132,57134,57136,57138,57139],{"id":57028,"depth":132,"text":57133},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57037,"depth":132,"text":57135},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57052,"depth":132,"text":57137},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57060,"depth":132,"text":57061},{"id":57070,"depth":132,"text":57140},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55456,"description":57142},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57149,"title":57150,"body":57151,"description":58893,"extension":1845,"meta":58894,"navigation":237,"path":58895,"seo":58896,"stem":58897,"__hash__":58898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57152,"toc":58852},[57153,57159,57165,57168,57179,57182,57184,57247,57253,57258,57262,57276,57279,57284,57289,57291,57293,57312,57324,57326,57393,57395,57403,57408,57410,57418,57421,57438,57440,57564,57575,57579,57584,57587,57589,57607,57611,57697,57706,57714,57783,57785,57788,57800,57805,57809,57880,57883,57887,57891,57956,57958,57966,57970,58053,58055,58063,58067,58128,58130,58138,58142,58229,58231,58239,58244,58249,58252,58263,58265,58350,58355,58364,58366,58370,58374,58379,58441,58445,58453,58459,58468,58473,58522,58525,58546,58550,58612,58619,58624,58627,58714,58717,58728,58731,58751,58753,58759,58762,58766,58770,58776,58779,58785,58792,58800,58811,58813,58849],[10,57154,54210,57156,11201],{"id":57155},"python-list-count-method",[15,57157,57158],{},"count()",[24,57160,57161,57164],{},[15,57162,57163],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[24,57166,57167],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[33,57169,57170,57173,57176],{},[36,57171,57172],{},"count one specific item",[36,57174,57175],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[36,57177,57178],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[24,57180,57181],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[70,57183,73],{"id":72},[75,57185,57187],{"className":77,"code":57186,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57188,57189,57217,57235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57190,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57192,91],{"class":90},[84,57194,95],{"class":94},[84,57196,3498],{"class":102},[84,57198,838],{"class":106},[84,57200,282],{"class":102},[84,57202,304],{"class":106},[84,57204,282],{"class":102},[84,57206,304],{"class":106},[84,57208,282],{"class":102},[84,57210,309],{"class":106},[84,57212,282],{"class":102},[84,57214,304],{"class":106},[84,57216,317],{"class":102},[84,57218,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,57220,2110],{"class":90},[84,57222,95],{"class":94},[84,57224,4137],{"class":90},[84,57226,425],{"class":102},[84,57228,41131],{"class":121},[84,57230,103],{"class":102},[84,57232,568],{"class":106},[84,57234,110],{"class":102},[84,57236,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,57238,116],{"class":98},[84,57240,103],{"class":102},[84,57242,2145],{"class":121},[84,57244,125],{"class":102},[84,57246,50639],{"class":128},[24,57248,153,57249,57252],{},[15,57250,57251],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[70,57254,429,57256,3554],{"id":57255},"what-listcount-does",[15,57257,57163],{},[24,57259,57260,881],{},[15,57261,57163],{},[33,57263,57264,57267,57270,57273],{},[36,57265,57266],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[36,57268,57269],{},"returns an integer",[36,57271,57272],{},"does not change the original list",[36,57274,57275],{},"checks for exact matches",[24,57277,57278],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[24,57280,57281,57282,425],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57283,1162],{},[24,57285,57286,57287,425],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57288,279],{},[70,57290,2038],{"id":2037},[24,57292,2041],{},[75,57294,57296],{"className":77,"code":57295,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57297,57298],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57299,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57301,8216],{"class":90},[84,57303,425],{"class":102},[84,57305,41131],{"class":121},[84,57307,103],{"class":102},[84,57309,2354],{"class":121},[84,57311,110],{"class":102},[33,57313,57314,57319],{},[36,57315,57316,57318],{},[15,57317,8216],{}," is the list you want to search",[36,57320,57321,57323],{},[15,57322,2354],{}," is the item you want to count",[24,57325,190],{},[75,57327,57329],{"className":77,"code":57328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57330,57331,57371],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57332,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57334,35967],{"class":90},[84,57336,95],{"class":94},[84,57338,3498],{"class":102},[84,57340,854],{"class":387},[84,57342,419],{"class":391},[84,57344,854],{"class":387},[84,57346,282],{"class":102},[84,57348,3230],{"class":387},[84,57350,4634],{"class":391},[84,57352,854],{"class":387},[84,57354,282],{"class":102},[84,57356,3230],{"class":387},[84,57358,419],{"class":391},[84,57360,854],{"class":387},[84,57362,282],{"class":102},[84,57364,3230],{"class":387},[84,57366,9619],{"class":391},[84,57368,854],{"class":387},[84,57370,317],{"class":102},[84,57372,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,57374,116],{"class":98},[84,57376,103],{"class":102},[84,57378,36019],{"class":121},[84,57380,425],{"class":102},[84,57382,41131],{"class":121},[84,57384,103],{"class":102},[84,57386,854],{"class":387},[84,57388,419],{"class":391},[84,57390,854],{"class":387},[84,57392,232],{"class":102},[24,57394,265],{},[75,57396,57397],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,57398,57399],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57400,57401],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57402,519],{"class":106},[24,57404,57405,57406,425],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57407,279],{},[70,57409,37890],{"id":37889},[24,57411,57412,57413,57415,57416,425],{},"The return value from ",[15,57414,57158],{}," is always an ",[15,57417,2070],{},[24,57419,57420],{},"Possible results:",[33,57422,57423,57428,57433],{},[36,57424,57425,57427],{},[15,57426,279],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[36,57429,57430,57432],{},[15,57431,838],{}," if it appears once",[36,57434,57435,57437],{},[15,57436,568],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[24,57439,190],{},[75,57441,57443],{"className":77,"code":57442,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57444,57445,57485,57489,57514,57539],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57446,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57448,12959],{"class":90},[84,57450,95],{"class":94},[84,57452,3498],{"class":102},[84,57454,854],{"class":387},[84,57456,12976],{"class":391},[84,57458,854],{"class":387},[84,57460,282],{"class":102},[84,57462,3230],{"class":387},[84,57464,12993],{"class":391},[84,57466,854],{"class":387},[84,57468,282],{"class":102},[84,57470,3230],{"class":387},[84,57472,17338],{"class":391},[84,57474,854],{"class":387},[84,57476,282],{"class":102},[84,57478,3230],{"class":387},[84,57480,12993],{"class":391},[84,57482,854],{"class":387},[84,57484,317],{"class":102},[84,57486,57487],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,57488,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,57490,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,57492,116],{"class":98},[84,57494,103],{"class":102},[84,57496,17385],{"class":121},[84,57498,425],{"class":102},[84,57500,41131],{"class":121},[84,57502,103],{"class":102},[84,57504,854],{"class":387},[84,57506,12993],{"class":391},[84,57508,854],{"class":387},[84,57510,147],{"class":102},[84,57512,57513],{"class":128},"   # 2\n",[84,57515,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,57517,116],{"class":98},[84,57519,103],{"class":102},[84,57521,17385],{"class":121},[84,57523,425],{"class":102},[84,57525,41131],{"class":121},[84,57527,103],{"class":102},[84,57529,854],{"class":387},[84,57531,12976],{"class":391},[84,57533,854],{"class":387},[84,57535,147],{"class":102},[84,57537,57538],{"class":128},"    # 1\n",[84,57540,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,57542,116],{"class":98},[84,57544,103],{"class":102},[84,57546,17385],{"class":121},[84,57548,425],{"class":102},[84,57550,41131],{"class":121},[84,57552,103],{"class":102},[84,57554,854],{"class":387},[84,57556,22405],{"class":391},[84,57558,854],{"class":387},[84,57560,147],{"class":102},[84,57562,57563],{"class":128}," # 0\n",[24,57565,57566,57567,57569,57570,57572,57573,425],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57568,57158],{}," works, but using ",[15,57571,476],{}," is often simpler. See ",[419,57574,6070],{"href":6069},[70,57576,57578],{"id":57577},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[24,57580,57581,57583],{},[15,57582,57163],{}," uses equality matching.",[24,57585,57586],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[24,57588,43522],{},[33,57590,57591,57594,57597,57604],{},[36,57592,57593],{},"matches are based on equality",[36,57595,57596],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[36,57598,57599,28,57601,57603],{},[15,57600,838],{},[15,57602,3481],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[36,57605,57606],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1667,57608,57610],{"id":57609},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[75,57612,57614],{"className":77,"code":57613,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57615,57616,57649,57673],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57617,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57619,3943],{"class":90},[84,57621,95],{"class":94},[84,57623,3498],{"class":102},[84,57625,854],{"class":387},[84,57627,3952],{"class":391},[84,57629,854],{"class":387},[84,57631,282],{"class":102},[84,57633,3230],{"class":387},[84,57635,57636],{"class":391},"Apple",[84,57638,854],{"class":387},[84,57640,282],{"class":102},[84,57642,3230],{"class":387},[84,57644,3952],{"class":391},[84,57646,854],{"class":387},[84,57648,317],{"class":102},[84,57650,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,57652,116],{"class":98},[84,57654,103],{"class":102},[84,57656,3987],{"class":121},[84,57658,425],{"class":102},[84,57660,41131],{"class":121},[84,57662,103],{"class":102},[84,57664,854],{"class":387},[84,57666,3952],{"class":391},[84,57668,854],{"class":387},[84,57670,147],{"class":102},[84,57672,51284],{"class":128},[84,57674,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,57676,116],{"class":98},[84,57678,103],{"class":102},[84,57680,3987],{"class":121},[84,57682,425],{"class":102},[84,57684,41131],{"class":121},[84,57686,103],{"class":102},[84,57688,854],{"class":387},[84,57690,57636],{"class":391},[84,57692,854],{"class":387},[84,57694,147],{"class":102},[84,57696,27656],{"class":128},[24,57698,57699,28,57702,57705],{},[15,57700,57701],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57703,57704],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1667,57707,57709,28,57711,57713],{"id":57708},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57710,838],{},[15,57712,3481],{}," can match",[75,57715,57717],{"className":77,"code":57716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57718,57719,57743,57763],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57720,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57722,3698],{"class":90},[84,57724,95],{"class":94},[84,57726,3498],{"class":102},[84,57728,838],{"class":106},[84,57730,282],{"class":102},[84,57732,3789],{"class":659},[84,57734,282],{"class":102},[84,57736,304],{"class":106},[84,57738,282],{"class":102},[84,57740,299],{"class":106},[84,57742,317],{"class":102},[84,57744,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,57746,116],{"class":98},[84,57748,103],{"class":102},[84,57750,5233],{"class":121},[84,57752,425],{"class":102},[84,57754,41131],{"class":121},[84,57756,103],{"class":102},[84,57758,838],{"class":106},[84,57760,147],{"class":102},[84,57762,50787],{"class":128},[84,57764,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,57766,116],{"class":98},[84,57768,103],{"class":102},[84,57770,5233],{"class":121},[84,57772,425],{"class":102},[84,57774,41131],{"class":121},[84,57776,103],{"class":102},[84,57778,3481],{"class":659},[84,57780,147],{"class":102},[84,57782,50639],{"class":128},[24,57784,4284],{},[24,57786,57787],{},"In Python:",[33,57789,57790,57795],{},[36,57791,57792],{},[15,57793,57794],{},"True == 1",[36,57796,57797],{},[15,57798,57799],{},"False == 0",[24,57801,53522,57802,57804],{},[15,57803,57158],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1667,57806,57808],{"id":57807},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[75,57810,57812],{"className":77,"code":57811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57813,57814,57856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57815,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57817,7656],{"class":90},[84,57819,95],{"class":94},[84,57821,56161],{"class":102},[84,57823,838],{"class":106},[84,57825,282],{"class":102},[84,57827,304],{"class":106},[84,57829,17945],{"class":102},[84,57831,3498],{"class":102},[84,57833,1162],{"class":106},[84,57835,282],{"class":102},[84,57837,314],{"class":106},[84,57839,17945],{"class":102},[84,57841,3498],{"class":102},[84,57843,838],{"class":106},[84,57845,282],{"class":102},[84,57847,304],{"class":106},[84,57849,17945],{"class":102},[84,57851,3498],{"class":102},[84,57853,838],{"class":106},[84,57855,53111],{"class":102},[84,57857,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,57859,116],{"class":98},[84,57861,103],{"class":102},[84,57863,7687],{"class":121},[84,57865,425],{"class":102},[84,57867,41131],{"class":121},[84,57869,2865],{"class":102},[84,57871,838],{"class":106},[84,57873,282],{"class":102},[84,57875,304],{"class":106},[84,57877,4608],{"class":102},[84,57879,51284],{"class":128},[24,57881,57882],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[70,57884,57886],{"id":57885},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1667,57888,57890],{"id":57889},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[75,57892,57894],{"className":77,"code":57893,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57895,57896,57924,57942,57946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57897,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57899,91],{"class":90},[84,57901,95],{"class":94},[84,57903,3498],{"class":102},[84,57905,2212],{"class":106},[84,57907,282],{"class":102},[84,57909,7667],{"class":106},[84,57911,282],{"class":102},[84,57913,573],{"class":106},[84,57915,282],{"class":102},[84,57917,7672],{"class":106},[84,57919,282],{"class":102},[84,57921,573],{"class":106},[84,57923,317],{"class":102},[84,57925,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,57927,2110],{"class":90},[84,57929,95],{"class":94},[84,57931,4137],{"class":90},[84,57933,425],{"class":102},[84,57935,41131],{"class":121},[84,57937,103],{"class":102},[84,57939,2212],{"class":106},[84,57941,110],{"class":102},[84,57943,57944],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,57945,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,57947,57948,57950,57952,57954],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,57949,116],{"class":98},[84,57951,103],{"class":102},[84,57953,2145],{"class":121},[84,57955,110],{"class":102},[24,57957,265],{},[75,57959,57960],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,57961,57962],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57963,57964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57965,524],{"class":106},[1667,57967,57969],{"id":57968},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[75,57971,57973],{"className":77,"code":57972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57974,57975,58017,58039,58043],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57976,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58013,58015],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57978,3943],{"class":90},[84,57980,95],{"class":94},[84,57982,3498],{"class":102},[84,57984,854],{"class":387},[84,57986,36919],{"class":391},[84,57988,854],{"class":387},[84,57990,282],{"class":102},[84,57992,3230],{"class":387},[84,57994,57995],{"class":391},"dog",[84,57997,854],{"class":387},[84,57999,282],{"class":102},[84,58001,3230],{"class":387},[84,58003,36919],{"class":391},[84,58005,854],{"class":387},[84,58007,282],{"class":102},[84,58009,3230],{"class":387},[84,58011,58012],{"class":391},"bird",[84,58014,854],{"class":387},[84,58016,317],{"class":102},[84,58018,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58020,2110],{"class":90},[84,58022,95],{"class":94},[84,58024,6040],{"class":90},[84,58026,425],{"class":102},[84,58028,41131],{"class":121},[84,58030,103],{"class":102},[84,58032,854],{"class":387},[84,58034,36919],{"class":391},[84,58036,854],{"class":387},[84,58038,110],{"class":102},[84,58040,58041],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,58042,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,58044,58045,58047,58049,58051],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,58046,116],{"class":98},[84,58048,103],{"class":102},[84,58050,2145],{"class":121},[84,58052,110],{"class":102},[24,58054,265],{},[75,58056,58057],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,58058,58059],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58060,58061],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58062,519],{"class":106},[1667,58064,58066],{"id":58065},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[75,58068,58070],{"className":77,"code":58069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58071,58072,58096,58114,58118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58073,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58075,91],{"class":90},[84,58077,95],{"class":94},[84,58079,3498],{"class":102},[84,58081,838],{"class":106},[84,58083,282],{"class":102},[84,58085,304],{"class":106},[84,58087,282],{"class":102},[84,58089,309],{"class":106},[84,58091,282],{"class":102},[84,58093,314],{"class":106},[84,58095,317],{"class":102},[84,58097,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58099,2110],{"class":90},[84,58101,95],{"class":94},[84,58103,4137],{"class":90},[84,58105,425],{"class":102},[84,58107,41131],{"class":121},[84,58109,103],{"class":102},[84,58111,107],{"class":106},[84,58113,110],{"class":102},[84,58115,58116],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,58117,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,58119,58120,58122,58124,58126],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,58121,116],{"class":98},[84,58123,103],{"class":102},[84,58125,2145],{"class":121},[84,58127,110],{"class":102},[24,58129,265],{},[75,58131,58132],{"className":77,"code":509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,58133,58134],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58135,58136],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58137,509],{"class":106},[1667,58139,58141],{"id":58140},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[75,58143,58145],{"className":77,"code":58144,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58146,58147,58193,58215,58219],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58148,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58150,9044],{"class":90},[84,58152,95],{"class":94},[84,58154,56161],{"class":102},[84,58156,838],{"class":106},[84,58158,282],{"class":102},[84,58160,304],{"class":106},[84,58162,17945],{"class":102},[84,58164,3498],{"class":102},[84,58166,838],{"class":106},[84,58168,282],{"class":102},[84,58170,304],{"class":106},[84,58172,17945],{"class":102},[84,58174,3498],{"class":102},[84,58176,568],{"class":106},[84,58178,282],{"class":102},[84,58180,309],{"class":106},[84,58182,17945],{"class":102},[84,58184,3498],{"class":102},[84,58186,838],{"class":106},[84,58188,282],{"class":102},[84,58190,304],{"class":106},[84,58192,53111],{"class":102},[84,58194,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58196,2110],{"class":90},[84,58198,95],{"class":94},[84,58200,14450],{"class":90},[84,58202,425],{"class":102},[84,58204,41131],{"class":121},[84,58206,2865],{"class":102},[84,58208,838],{"class":106},[84,58210,282],{"class":102},[84,58212,304],{"class":106},[84,58214,741],{"class":102},[84,58216,58217],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,58218,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,58220,58221,58223,58225,58227],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,58222,116],{"class":98},[84,58224,103],{"class":102},[84,58226,2145],{"class":121},[84,58228,110],{"class":102},[24,58230,265],{},[75,58232,58233],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,58234,58235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58236,58237],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58238,524],{"class":106},[70,58240,792,58242],{"id":58241},"when-to-use-count",[15,58243,57158],{},[24,58245,153,58246,58248],{},[15,58247,57158],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[24,58250,58251],{},"Good use cases:",[33,58253,58254,58257,58260],{},[36,58255,58256],{},"counting one specific item",[36,58258,58259],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[36,58261,58262],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[24,58264,190],{},[75,58266,58268],{"className":77,"code":58267,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58269,58270,58311,58335,58339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58271,58272,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58273,58274],{"class":90},"votes ",[84,58276,95],{"class":94},[84,58278,3498],{"class":102},[84,58280,854],{"class":387},[84,58282,8535],{"class":391},[84,58284,854],{"class":387},[84,58286,282],{"class":102},[84,58288,3230],{"class":387},[84,58290,8474],{"class":391},[84,58292,854],{"class":387},[84,58294,282],{"class":102},[84,58296,3230],{"class":387},[84,58298,8535],{"class":391},[84,58300,854],{"class":387},[84,58302,282],{"class":102},[84,58304,3230],{"class":387},[84,58306,8535],{"class":391},[84,58308,854],{"class":387},[84,58310,317],{"class":102},[84,58312,58313,58316,58318,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58314,58315],{"class":90},"yes_votes ",[84,58317,95],{"class":94},[84,58319,58320],{"class":90}," votes",[84,58322,425],{"class":102},[84,58324,41131],{"class":121},[84,58326,103],{"class":102},[84,58328,854],{"class":387},[84,58330,8535],{"class":391},[84,58332,854],{"class":387},[84,58334,110],{"class":102},[84,58336,58337],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,58338,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,58340,58341,58343,58345,58348],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,58342,116],{"class":98},[84,58344,103],{"class":102},[84,58346,58347],{"class":121},"yes_votes",[84,58349,110],{"class":102},[24,58351,58352,58354],{},[15,58353,57158],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[24,58356,58357,58358,28,58360,425],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[419,58359,52640],{"href":50848},[419,58361,58363],{"href":58362},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[70,58365,1434],{"id":1433},[24,58367,8323,58368,425],{},[15,58369,57163],{},[1667,58371,58373],{"id":58372},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[24,58375,58376,58378],{},[15,58377,57163],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[75,58380,58382],{"className":77,"code":58381,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58383,58384,58417],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58385,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58387,3943],{"class":90},[84,58389,95],{"class":94},[84,58391,3498],{"class":102},[84,58393,854],{"class":387},[84,58395,58396],{"class":391},"apple pie",[84,58398,854],{"class":387},[84,58400,282],{"class":102},[84,58402,3230],{"class":387},[84,58404,3961],{"class":391},[84,58406,854],{"class":387},[84,58408,282],{"class":102},[84,58410,3230],{"class":387},[84,58412,58396],{"class":391},[84,58414,854],{"class":387},[84,58416,317],{"class":102},[84,58418,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58420,116],{"class":98},[84,58422,103],{"class":102},[84,58424,3987],{"class":121},[84,58426,425],{"class":102},[84,58428,41131],{"class":121},[84,58430,103],{"class":102},[84,58432,854],{"class":387},[84,58434,3952],{"class":391},[84,58436,854],{"class":387},[84,58438,147],{"class":102},[84,58440,51116],{"class":128},[24,58442,2370,58443,1689],{},[15,58444,279],{},[24,58446,28938,58447,58449,58450,425],{},[15,58448,57701],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58451,58452],{},"\"apple pie\"",[24,58454,58455,58456,425],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58457,58458],{},"str.count()",[1667,58460,8329,58462,8332,58464,2759,58466],{"id":58461},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58463,57158],{},[15,58465,3481],{},[15,58467,3548],{},[24,58469,58470,58472],{},[15,58471,57158],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[75,58474,58476],{"className":77,"code":58475,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58477,58478,58502],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58479,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58481,91],{"class":90},[84,58483,95],{"class":94},[84,58485,3498],{"class":102},[84,58487,838],{"class":106},[84,58489,282],{"class":102},[84,58491,304],{"class":106},[84,58493,282],{"class":102},[84,58495,304],{"class":106},[84,58497,282],{"class":102},[84,58499,309],{"class":106},[84,58501,317],{"class":102},[84,58503,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58505,116],{"class":98},[84,58507,103],{"class":102},[84,58509,122],{"class":121},[84,58511,425],{"class":102},[84,58513,41131],{"class":121},[84,58515,103],{"class":102},[84,58517,568],{"class":106},[84,58519,147],{"class":102},[84,58521,51284],{"class":128},[24,58523,58524],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[75,58526,58528],{"className":77,"code":58527,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58529,58530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58531,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58533,116],{"class":98},[84,58535,103],{"class":102},[84,58537,568],{"class":106},[84,58539,620],{"class":470},[84,58541,4137],{"class":121},[84,58543,125],{"class":102},[84,58545,3538],{"class":128},[1667,58547,58549],{"id":58548},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[75,58551,58553],{"className":77,"code":58552,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58554,58555,58588],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58556,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58584,58586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58558,4868],{"class":90},[84,58560,95],{"class":94},[84,58562,3498],{"class":102},[84,58564,854],{"class":387},[84,58566,7553],{"class":391},[84,58568,854],{"class":387},[84,58570,282],{"class":102},[84,58572,3230],{"class":387},[84,58574,20102],{"class":391},[84,58576,854],{"class":387},[84,58578,282],{"class":102},[84,58580,3230],{"class":387},[84,58582,58583],{"class":391},"SAM",[84,58585,854],{"class":387},[84,58587,317],{"class":102},[84,58589,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58591,116],{"class":98},[84,58593,103],{"class":102},[84,58595,4912],{"class":121},[84,58597,425],{"class":102},[84,58599,41131],{"class":121},[84,58601,103],{"class":102},[84,58603,854],{"class":387},[84,58605,20102],{"class":391},[84,58607,854],{"class":387},[84,58609,147],{"class":102},[84,58611,27656],{"class":128},[24,58613,58614,58615,58618],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58616,58617],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1667,58620,29526,58622,33426],{"id":58621},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58623,57158],{},[24,58625,58626],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[75,58628,58630],{"className":77,"code":58629,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58631,58632,58642,58656,58674,58688,58700],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58633,58634,58636,58638,58640],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58635,116],{"class":98},[84,58637,103],{"class":102},[84,58639,8216],{"class":121},[84,58641,110],{"class":102},[84,58643,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58645,116],{"class":98},[84,58647,103],{"class":102},[84,58649,334],{"class":139},[84,58651,103],{"class":102},[84,58653,8216],{"class":121},[84,58655,232],{"class":102},[84,58657,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,58659,116],{"class":98},[84,58661,103],{"class":102},[84,58663,8216],{"class":121},[84,58665,425],{"class":102},[84,58667,41131],{"class":121},[84,58669,103],{"class":102},[84,58671,2354],{"class":121},[84,58673,232],{"class":102},[84,58675,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,58677,116],{"class":98},[84,58679,103],{"class":102},[84,58681,2329],{"class":121},[84,58683,476],{"class":470},[84,58685,8272],{"class":121},[84,58687,110],{"class":102},[84,58689,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,58691,440],{"class":470},[84,58693,5834],{"class":90},[84,58695,476],{"class":470},[84,58697,8272],{"class":90},[84,58699,6266],{"class":102},[84,58701,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,58703,490],{"class":98},[84,58705,103],{"class":102},[84,58707,41651],{"class":98},[84,58709,103],{"class":102},[84,58711,23191],{"class":121},[84,58713,232],{"class":102},[24,58715,58716],{},"These checks can help you see:",[33,58718,58719,58722,58725],{},[36,58720,58721],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[36,58723,58724],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[36,58726,58727],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[24,58729,58730],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[33,58732,58733,58738,58741,58748],{},[36,58734,50360,58735,58737],{},[15,58736,57158],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[36,58739,58740],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[36,58742,10986,58743,58745,58746],{},[15,58744,57163],{}," with string ",[15,58747,57158],{},[36,58749,58750],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[70,58752,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,58754,12586,58756,58758],{"id":58755},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58757,57163],{}," change the list?",[24,58760,58761],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1667,58763,58765],{"id":58764},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[24,58767,11792,58768,425],{},[15,58769,279],{},[1667,58771,5043,58773,58775],{"id":58772},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58774,57163],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[24,58777,58778],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1667,58780,1670,58782,58784],{"id":58781},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58783,57163],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[24,58786,42024,58787,28,58789,58791],{},[15,58788,57704],{},[15,58790,57701],{}," are different values.",[1667,58793,1753,58795,58797,58798,1689],{"id":58794},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58796,3481],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58799,838],{},[24,58801,8663,58802,58804,58805,28,58807,58804,58809,425],{},[15,58803,3481],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58806,838],{},[15,58808,3548],{},[15,58810,279],{},[70,58812,1777],{"id":1776},[33,58814,58815,58819,58825,58829,58837,58844],{},[36,58816,58817],{},[419,58818,52640],{"href":50848},[36,58820,58821],{},[419,58822,58824],{"href":58823},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[36,58826,58827],{},[419,58828,6810],{"href":6069},[36,58830,58831],{},[419,58832,55388,58834,10620],{"href":58833},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58835,58836],{},"index()",[36,58838,58839],{},[419,58840,13,58842],{"href":58841},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58843,1085],{},[36,58845,58846],{},[419,58847,58848],{"href":58362},"What is a list in Python",[1814,58850,58851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":58853},[58854,58855,58857,58858,58859,58865,58871,58873,58881,58892],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":57255,"depth":113,"text":58856},"What list.count() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":37889,"depth":113,"text":37890},{"id":57577,"depth":113,"text":57578,"children":58860},[58861,58862,58864],{"id":57609,"depth":132,"text":57610},{"id":57708,"depth":132,"text":58863},"1 and True can match",{"id":57807,"depth":132,"text":57808},{"id":57885,"depth":113,"text":57886,"children":58866},[58867,58868,58869,58870],{"id":57889,"depth":132,"text":57890},{"id":57968,"depth":132,"text":57969},{"id":58065,"depth":132,"text":58066},{"id":58140,"depth":132,"text":58141},{"id":58241,"depth":113,"text":58872},"When to use count()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":58874},[58875,58876,58878,58879],{"id":58372,"depth":132,"text":58373},{"id":58461,"depth":132,"text":58877},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58548,"depth":132,"text":58549},{"id":58621,"depth":132,"text":58880},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":58882},[58883,58885,58886,58888,58890],{"id":58755,"depth":132,"text":58884},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58764,"depth":132,"text":58765},{"id":58772,"depth":132,"text":58887},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58781,"depth":132,"text":58889},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58794,"depth":132,"text":58891},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57150,"description":58893},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58900,"title":58901,"body":58902,"description":60862,"extension":1845,"meta":60863,"navigation":237,"path":60864,"seo":60865,"stem":60866,"__hash__":60867},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58903,"toc":60825},[58904,58907,58910,58912,59040,59044,59125,59136,59138,59157,59161,59164,59167,59185,59187,59230,59234,59259,59268,59272,59277,59280,59397,59401,59470,59474,59486,59490,59493,59534,59538,59551,59554,59639,59643,59676,59683,59689,59694,59696,59708,59712,59745,59749,59781,59785,59822,59826,59846,59850,59883,59887,59915,59926,59930,59933,59936,59949,60006,60010,60049,60055,60058,60060,60063,60067,60070,60095,60097,60122,60129,60132,60177,60181,60200,60203,60242,60249,60254,60288,60292,60392,60399,60432,60436,60462,60466,60469,60507,60510,60547,60551,60554,60573,60577,60638,60640,60658,60662,60665,60668,60697,60699,60703,60706,60714,60718,60721,60741,60747,60753,60757,60760,60767,60775,60777,60816,60822],[10,58905,58901],{"id":58906},"python-list-creating-a-list",[24,58908,58909],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[70,58911,73],{"id":72},[75,58913,58915],{"className":77,"code":58914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58916,58917,58937,58969,58977,58995,58999,59009,59019,59030],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58918,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58920,91],{"class":90},[84,58922,95],{"class":94},[84,58924,3498],{"class":102},[84,58926,838],{"class":106},[84,58928,282],{"class":102},[84,58930,304],{"class":106},[84,58932,282],{"class":102},[84,58934,309],{"class":106},[84,58936,317],{"class":102},[84,58938,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,58940,4868],{"class":90},[84,58942,95],{"class":94},[84,58944,3498],{"class":102},[84,58946,854],{"class":387},[84,58948,12763],{"class":391},[84,58950,854],{"class":387},[84,58952,282],{"class":102},[84,58954,3230],{"class":387},[84,58956,35817],{"class":391},[84,58958,854],{"class":387},[84,58960,282],{"class":102},[84,58962,3230],{"class":387},[84,58964,35826],{"class":391},[84,58966,854],{"class":387},[84,58968,317],{"class":102},[84,58970,58971,58973,58975],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,58972,55798],{"class":90},[84,58974,95],{"class":94},[84,58976,7716],{"class":102},[84,58978,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,58980,35967],{"class":90},[84,58982,95],{"class":94},[84,58984,220],{"class":139},[84,58986,103],{"class":102},[84,58988,854],{"class":387},[84,58990,41432],{"class":391},[84,58992,854],{"class":387},[84,58994,110],{"class":102},[84,58996,58997],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,58998,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,59000,59001,59003,59005,59007],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,59002,116],{"class":98},[84,59004,103],{"class":102},[84,59006,122],{"class":121},[84,59008,110],{"class":102},[84,59010,59011,59013,59015,59017],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,59012,116],{"class":98},[84,59014,103],{"class":102},[84,59016,4912],{"class":121},[84,59018,110],{"class":102},[84,59020,59021,59023,59025,59028],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,59022,116],{"class":98},[84,59024,103],{"class":102},[84,59026,59027],{"class":121},"empty_list",[84,59029,110],{"class":102},[84,59031,59032,59034,59036,59038],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,59033,116],{"class":98},[84,59035,103],{"class":102},[84,59037,36019],{"class":121},[84,59039,110],{"class":102},[24,59041,59042],{},[42,59043,265],{},[75,59045,59047],{"className":77,"code":59046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59048,59049,59065,59093,59097],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59050,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59052,292],{"class":102},[84,59054,838],{"class":106},[84,59056,282],{"class":102},[84,59058,304],{"class":106},[84,59060,282],{"class":102},[84,59062,309],{"class":106},[84,59064,317],{"class":102},[84,59066,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59068,292],{"class":102},[84,59070,394],{"class":387},[84,59072,12763],{"class":391},[84,59074,394],{"class":387},[84,59076,282],{"class":102},[84,59078,388],{"class":387},[84,59080,35817],{"class":391},[84,59082,394],{"class":387},[84,59084,282],{"class":102},[84,59086,388],{"class":387},[84,59088,35826],{"class":391},[84,59090,394],{"class":387},[84,59092,317],{"class":102},[84,59094,59095],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,59096,38167],{"class":102},[84,59098,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,59100,292],{"class":102},[84,59102,394],{"class":387},[84,59104,419],{"class":391},[84,59106,394],{"class":387},[84,59108,282],{"class":102},[84,59110,388],{"class":387},[84,59112,4634],{"class":391},[84,59114,394],{"class":387},[84,59116,282],{"class":102},[84,59118,388],{"class":387},[84,59120,9619],{"class":391},[84,59122,394],{"class":387},[84,59124,317],{"class":102},[24,59126,59127,59128,59130,59131,59133,59134,425],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59129,3662],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59132,788],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59135,17],{},[70,59137,15046],{"id":15045},[33,59139,59140,59143,59146,59149,59154],{},[36,59141,59142],{},"What a list is in Python",[36,59144,59145],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[36,59147,59148],{},"How to create an empty list",[36,59150,59151,59152,2184],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59153,788],{},[36,59155,59156],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[70,59158,59160],{"id":59159},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[24,59162,59163],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[24,59165,59166],{},"This means:",[33,59168,59169,59172,59175,59178],{},[36,59170,59171],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[36,59173,59174],{},"The order of items is kept",[36,59176,59177],{},"A list can hold different data types",[36,59179,59180,59181,59184],{},"A list is ",[42,59182,59183],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[24,59186,190],{},[75,59188,59190],{"className":77,"code":59189,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59191,59192,59216,59220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59193,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59195,7656],{"class":90},[84,59197,95],{"class":94},[84,59199,3498],{"class":102},[84,59201,854],{"class":387},[84,59203,3952],{"class":391},[84,59205,854],{"class":387},[84,59207,282],{"class":102},[84,59209,573],{"class":106},[84,59211,282],{"class":102},[84,59213,3789],{"class":659},[84,59215,317],{"class":102},[84,59217,59218],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59219,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,59221,59222,59224,59226,59228],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,59223,116],{"class":98},[84,59225,103],{"class":102},[84,59227,7687],{"class":121},[84,59229,110],{"class":102},[24,59231,59232],{},[42,59233,265],{},[75,59235,59237],{"className":77,"code":59236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59238,59239],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59240,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59242,292],{"class":102},[84,59244,394],{"class":387},[84,59246,3952],{"class":391},[84,59248,394],{"class":387},[84,59250,282],{"class":102},[84,59252,573],{"class":106},[84,59254,282],{"class":102},[84,59256,3789],{"class":659},[84,59258,317],{"class":102},[24,59260,59261,59262,2759,59265,425],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[419,59263,59264],{"href":50848},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[419,59266,59267],{"href":58362},"What is a List in Python?",[70,59269,59271],{"id":59270},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[24,59273,59127,59274,59276],{},[15,59275,3662],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[24,59278,59279],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[75,59281,59283],{"className":77,"code":59282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59284,59285,59305,59337,59362,59366,59376,59386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59286,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59288,91],{"class":90},[84,59290,95],{"class":94},[84,59292,3498],{"class":102},[84,59294,838],{"class":106},[84,59296,282],{"class":102},[84,59298,304],{"class":106},[84,59300,282],{"class":102},[84,59302,309],{"class":106},[84,59304,317],{"class":102},[84,59306,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59308,4868],{"class":90},[84,59310,95],{"class":94},[84,59312,3498],{"class":102},[84,59314,854],{"class":387},[84,59316,12763],{"class":391},[84,59318,854],{"class":387},[84,59320,282],{"class":102},[84,59322,3230],{"class":387},[84,59324,35817],{"class":391},[84,59326,854],{"class":387},[84,59328,282],{"class":102},[84,59330,3230],{"class":387},[84,59332,35826],{"class":391},[84,59334,854],{"class":387},[84,59336,317],{"class":102},[84,59338,59339,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,59340,59341],{"class":90},"mixed ",[84,59343,95],{"class":94},[84,59345,3498],{"class":102},[84,59347,2212],{"class":106},[84,59349,282],{"class":102},[84,59351,3230],{"class":387},[84,59353,3721],{"class":391},[84,59355,854],{"class":387},[84,59357,282],{"class":102},[84,59359,3780],{"class":659},[84,59361,317],{"class":102},[84,59363,59364],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,59365,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,59367,59368,59370,59372,59374],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,59369,116],{"class":98},[84,59371,103],{"class":102},[84,59373,122],{"class":121},[84,59375,110],{"class":102},[84,59377,59378,59380,59382,59384],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,59379,116],{"class":98},[84,59381,103],{"class":102},[84,59383,4912],{"class":121},[84,59385,110],{"class":102},[84,59387,59388,59390,59392,59395],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,59389,116],{"class":98},[84,59391,103],{"class":102},[84,59393,59394],{"class":121},"mixed",[84,59396,110],{"class":102},[24,59398,59399],{},[42,59400,265],{},[75,59402,59404],{"className":77,"code":59403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59405,59406,59422,59450],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59407,59408,59410,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59409,292],{"class":102},[84,59411,838],{"class":106},[84,59413,282],{"class":102},[84,59415,304],{"class":106},[84,59417,282],{"class":102},[84,59419,309],{"class":106},[84,59421,317],{"class":102},[84,59423,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59425,292],{"class":102},[84,59427,394],{"class":387},[84,59429,12763],{"class":391},[84,59431,394],{"class":387},[84,59433,282],{"class":102},[84,59435,388],{"class":387},[84,59437,35817],{"class":391},[84,59439,394],{"class":387},[84,59441,282],{"class":102},[84,59443,388],{"class":387},[84,59445,35826],{"class":391},[84,59447,394],{"class":387},[84,59449,317],{"class":102},[84,59451,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,59453,292],{"class":102},[84,59455,2212],{"class":106},[84,59457,282],{"class":102},[84,59459,388],{"class":387},[84,59461,3721],{"class":391},[84,59463,394],{"class":387},[84,59465,282],{"class":102},[84,59467,3780],{"class":659},[84,59469,317],{"class":102},[1667,59471,59473],{"id":59472},"key-points","Key points",[33,59475,59476,59481,59483],{},[36,59477,153,59478,59480],{},[15,59479,3662],{}," to make a new list",[36,59482,15316],{},[36,59484,59485],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[70,59487,59489],{"id":59488},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[24,59491,59492],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[75,59494,59496],{"className":77,"code":59495,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59497,59498,59506,59510,59520],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59499,59500,59502,59504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59501,8185],{"class":90},[84,59503,95],{"class":94},[84,59505,7716],{"class":102},[84,59507,59508],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59509,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,59511,59512,59514,59516,59518],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,59513,116],{"class":98},[84,59515,103],{"class":102},[84,59517,8216],{"class":121},[84,59519,110],{"class":102},[84,59521,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,59523,116],{"class":98},[84,59525,103],{"class":102},[84,59527,602],{"class":98},[84,59529,103],{"class":102},[84,59531,8216],{"class":121},[84,59533,232],{"class":102},[24,59535,59536],{},[42,59537,265],{},[75,59539,59541],{"className":77,"code":59540,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[]\n0\n",[15,59542,59543,59547],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59544,59545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59546,38167],{"class":102},[84,59548,59549],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59550,509],{"class":106},[24,59552,59553],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[75,59555,59557],{"className":77,"code":59556,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59558,59559,59567,59571,59589,59607,59625,59629],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59560,59561,59563,59565],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59562,4868],{"class":90},[84,59564,95],{"class":94},[84,59566,7716],{"class":102},[84,59568,59569],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59570,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,59572,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,59574,4912],{"class":90},[84,59576,425],{"class":102},[84,59578,998],{"class":121},[84,59580,103],{"class":102},[84,59582,854],{"class":387},[84,59584,12763],{"class":391},[84,59586,854],{"class":387},[84,59588,110],{"class":102},[84,59590,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,59592,4912],{"class":90},[84,59594,425],{"class":102},[84,59596,998],{"class":121},[84,59598,103],{"class":102},[84,59600,854],{"class":387},[84,59602,35817],{"class":391},[84,59604,854],{"class":387},[84,59606,110],{"class":102},[84,59608,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,59610,4912],{"class":90},[84,59612,425],{"class":102},[84,59614,998],{"class":121},[84,59616,103],{"class":102},[84,59618,854],{"class":387},[84,59620,35826],{"class":391},[84,59622,854],{"class":387},[84,59624,110],{"class":102},[84,59626,59627],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,59628,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,59630,59631,59633,59635,59637],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,59632,116],{"class":98},[84,59634,103],{"class":102},[84,59636,4912],{"class":121},[84,59638,110],{"class":102},[24,59640,59641],{},[42,59642,265],{},[75,59644,59646],{"className":77,"code":59645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59647,59648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59649,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59651,292],{"class":102},[84,59653,394],{"class":387},[84,59655,12763],{"class":391},[84,59657,394],{"class":387},[84,59659,282],{"class":102},[84,59661,388],{"class":387},[84,59663,35817],{"class":391},[84,59665,394],{"class":387},[84,59667,282],{"class":102},[84,59669,388],{"class":387},[84,59671,35826],{"class":391},[84,59673,394],{"class":387},[84,59675,317],{"class":102},[24,59677,59678,59679,425],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[419,59680,59681,10620],{"href":56636},[15,59682,1099],{},[70,59684,59686,59687],{"id":59685},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59688,788],{},[24,59690,153,59691,59693],{},[15,59692,788],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[24,59695,5331],{},[33,59697,59698,59700,59702,59704],{},[36,59699,5183],{},[36,59701,5177],{},[36,59703,5180],{},[36,59705,59706],{},[15,59707,17],{},[1667,59709,59711],{"id":59710},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[75,59713,59715],{"className":77,"code":59714,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59716,59717,59735],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59718,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59720,35967],{"class":90},[84,59722,95],{"class":94},[84,59724,220],{"class":139},[84,59726,103],{"class":102},[84,59728,854],{"class":387},[84,59730,41432],{"class":391},[84,59732,854],{"class":387},[84,59734,110],{"class":102},[84,59736,59737,59739,59741,59743],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59738,116],{"class":98},[84,59740,103],{"class":102},[84,59742,36019],{"class":121},[84,59744,110],{"class":102},[24,59746,59747],{},[42,59748,265],{},[75,59750,59751],{"className":77,"code":42747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,59752,59753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59754,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777,59779],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59756,292],{"class":102},[84,59758,394],{"class":387},[84,59760,419],{"class":391},[84,59762,394],{"class":387},[84,59764,282],{"class":102},[84,59766,388],{"class":387},[84,59768,4634],{"class":391},[84,59770,394],{"class":387},[84,59772,282],{"class":102},[84,59774,388],{"class":387},[84,59776,9619],{"class":391},[84,59778,394],{"class":387},[84,59780,317],{"class":102},[1667,59782,59784],{"id":59783},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[75,59786,59788],{"className":77,"code":59787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59789,59790,59812],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59791,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59793,91],{"class":90},[84,59795,95],{"class":94},[84,59797,220],{"class":139},[84,59799,5384],{"class":102},[84,59801,838],{"class":106},[84,59803,282],{"class":102},[84,59805,304],{"class":106},[84,59807,282],{"class":102},[84,59809,309],{"class":106},[84,59811,232],{"class":102},[84,59813,59814,59816,59818,59820],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59815,116],{"class":98},[84,59817,103],{"class":102},[84,59819,122],{"class":121},[84,59821,110],{"class":102},[24,59823,59824],{},[42,59825,265],{},[75,59827,59828],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,59829,59830],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59831,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59833,292],{"class":102},[84,59835,838],{"class":106},[84,59837,282],{"class":102},[84,59839,304],{"class":106},[84,59841,282],{"class":102},[84,59843,309],{"class":106},[84,59845,317],{"class":102},[1667,59847,59849],{"id":59848},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[75,59851,59853],{"className":77,"code":59852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59854,59855,59873],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59856,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59858,3698],{"class":90},[84,59860,95],{"class":94},[84,59862,220],{"class":139},[84,59864,103],{"class":102},[84,59866,225],{"class":98},[84,59868,103],{"class":102},[84,59870,107],{"class":106},[84,59872,232],{"class":102},[84,59874,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59876,116],{"class":98},[84,59878,103],{"class":102},[84,59880,5233],{"class":121},[84,59882,110],{"class":102},[24,59884,59885],{},[42,59886,265],{},[75,59888,59889],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,59890,59891],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59892,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59894,292],{"class":102},[84,59896,279],{"class":106},[84,59898,282],{"class":102},[84,59900,299],{"class":106},[84,59902,282],{"class":102},[84,59904,304],{"class":106},[84,59906,282],{"class":102},[84,59908,309],{"class":106},[84,59910,282],{"class":102},[84,59912,314],{"class":106},[84,59914,317],{"class":102},[24,59916,59917,59919,59920,425],{},[15,59918,788],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[419,59921,59923,59925],{"href":59922},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59924,788],{},": Function Explained",[70,59927,59929],{"id":59928},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[24,59931,59932],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[24,59934,59935],{},"Examples include:",[33,59937,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946],{},[36,59939,5183],{},[36,59941,40295],{},[36,59943,51915],{},[36,59945,40465],{},[36,59947,59948],{},"other lists",[75,59950,59952],{"className":77,"code":59951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59953,59954,59992,59996],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59955,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59957,9044],{"class":90},[84,59959,95],{"class":94},[84,59961,3498],{"class":102},[84,59963,854],{"class":387},[84,59965,12763],{"class":391},[84,59967,854],{"class":387},[84,59969,282],{"class":102},[84,59971,9185],{"class":106},[84,59973,282],{"class":102},[84,59975,3789],{"class":659},[84,59977,282],{"class":102},[84,59979,3498],{"class":102},[84,59981,838],{"class":106},[84,59983,282],{"class":102},[84,59985,304],{"class":106},[84,59987,282],{"class":102},[84,59989,309],{"class":106},[84,59991,53111],{"class":102},[84,59993,59994],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,59995,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,59997,59998,60000,60002,60004],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,59999,116],{"class":98},[84,60001,103],{"class":102},[84,60003,9083],{"class":121},[84,60005,110],{"class":102},[24,60007,60008],{},[42,60009,265],{},[75,60011,60013],{"className":77,"code":60012,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60014,60015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60016,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60018,292],{"class":102},[84,60020,394],{"class":387},[84,60022,12763],{"class":391},[84,60024,394],{"class":387},[84,60026,282],{"class":102},[84,60028,9185],{"class":106},[84,60030,282],{"class":102},[84,60032,3789],{"class":659},[84,60034,282],{"class":102},[84,60036,3498],{"class":102},[84,60038,838],{"class":106},[84,60040,282],{"class":102},[84,60042,304],{"class":106},[84,60044,282],{"class":102},[84,60046,309],{"class":106},[84,60048,53111],{"class":102},[24,60050,60051,60052,425],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[42,60053,60054],{},"nested list",[24,60056,60057],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[70,60059,4393],{"id":4392},[24,60061,60062],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1667,60064,60066],{"id":60065},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[24,60068,60069],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[75,60071,60073],{"className":77,"code":60072,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60074,60075,60079],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60076,60077],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60078,4410],{"class":128},[84,60080,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60082,91],{"class":90},[84,60084,95],{"class":94},[84,60086,3498],{"class":102},[84,60088,838],{"class":106},[84,60090,304],{"class":106},[84,60092,309],{"class":106},[84,60094,317],{"class":102},[24,60096,10687],{},[75,60098,60100],{"className":77,"code":60099,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60101,60102],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60103,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60105,91],{"class":90},[84,60107,95],{"class":94},[84,60109,3498],{"class":102},[84,60111,838],{"class":106},[84,60113,282],{"class":102},[84,60115,304],{"class":106},[84,60117,282],{"class":102},[84,60119,309],{"class":106},[84,60121,317],{"class":102},[1667,60123,1442,60125,1686,60127],{"id":60124},"using-instead-of",[15,60126,7241],{},[15,60128,3662],{},[24,60130,60131],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[75,60133,60135],{"className":77,"code":60134,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60136,60137,60158,60162],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60138,60139,60142,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60140,60141],{"class":90},"my_values ",[84,60143,95],{"class":94},[84,60145,9115],{"class":102},[84,60147,838],{"class":106},[84,60149,282],{"class":102},[84,60151,304],{"class":106},[84,60153,282],{"class":102},[84,60155,309],{"class":106},[84,60157,110],{"class":102},[84,60159,60160],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60161,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,60163,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60175],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,60165,116],{"class":98},[84,60167,103],{"class":102},[84,60169,334],{"class":139},[84,60171,103],{"class":102},[84,60173,60174],{"class":121},"my_values",[84,60176,232],{"class":102},[24,60178,60179],{},[42,60180,265],{},[75,60182,60184],{"className":77,"code":60183,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60185,60186],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60187,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60189,380],{"class":94},[84,60191,384],{"class":383},[84,60193,388],{"class":387},[84,60195,48821],{"class":391},[84,60197,394],{"class":387},[84,60199,397],{"class":94},[24,60201,60202],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[75,60204,60206],{"className":77,"code":60205,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60207,60208,60228],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60209,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60211,60141],{"class":90},[84,60213,95],{"class":94},[84,60215,3498],{"class":102},[84,60217,838],{"class":106},[84,60219,282],{"class":102},[84,60221,304],{"class":106},[84,60223,282],{"class":102},[84,60225,309],{"class":106},[84,60227,317],{"class":102},[84,60229,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60231,116],{"class":98},[84,60233,103],{"class":102},[84,60235,334],{"class":139},[84,60237,103],{"class":102},[84,60239,60174],{"class":121},[84,60241,232],{"class":102},[1667,60243,8329,60245,60248],{"id":60244},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60246,60247],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[24,60250,60251,60253],{},[15,60252,788],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[75,60255,60257],{"className":77,"code":60256,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60258,60259,60278],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60260,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60274,60276],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60262,2110],{"class":90},[84,60264,95],{"class":94},[84,60266,220],{"class":139},[84,60268,103],{"class":102},[84,60270,854],{"class":387},[84,60272,60273],{"class":391},"hello world",[84,60275,854],{"class":387},[84,60277,110],{"class":102},[84,60279,60280,60282,60284,60286],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60281,116],{"class":98},[84,60283,103],{"class":102},[84,60285,2145],{"class":121},[84,60287,110],{"class":102},[24,60289,60290],{},[42,60291,265],{},[75,60293,60295],{"className":77,"code":60294,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60296,60297],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60298,60299,60301,60303,60306,60308,60310,60312,60315,60317,60319,60321,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60356,60358,60360,60362,60364,60366,60368,60370,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60300,292],{"class":102},[84,60302,394],{"class":387},[84,60304,60305],{"class":391},"h",[84,60307,394],{"class":387},[84,60309,282],{"class":102},[84,60311,388],{"class":387},[84,60313,60314],{"class":391},"e",[84,60316,394],{"class":387},[84,60318,282],{"class":102},[84,60320,388],{"class":387},[84,60322,60323],{"class":391},"l",[84,60325,394],{"class":387},[84,60327,282],{"class":102},[84,60329,388],{"class":387},[84,60331,60323],{"class":391},[84,60333,394],{"class":387},[84,60335,282],{"class":102},[84,60337,388],{"class":387},[84,60339,60340],{"class":391},"o",[84,60342,394],{"class":387},[84,60344,282],{"class":102},[84,60346,388],{"class":387},[84,60348,388],{"class":387},[84,60350,282],{"class":102},[84,60352,388],{"class":387},[84,60354,60355],{"class":391},"w",[84,60357,394],{"class":387},[84,60359,282],{"class":102},[84,60361,388],{"class":387},[84,60363,60340],{"class":391},[84,60365,394],{"class":387},[84,60367,282],{"class":102},[84,60369,388],{"class":387},[84,60371,248],{"class":391},[84,60373,394],{"class":387},[84,60375,282],{"class":102},[84,60377,388],{"class":387},[84,60379,60323],{"class":391},[84,60381,394],{"class":387},[84,60383,282],{"class":102},[84,60385,388],{"class":387},[84,60387,18651],{"class":391},[84,60389,394],{"class":387},[84,60391,317],{"class":102},[24,60393,60394,60395,60398],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60396,60397],{},"split()"," instead:",[75,60400,60402],{"className":77,"code":60401,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60403,60404,60422],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60405,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60407,3943],{"class":90},[84,60409,95],{"class":94},[84,60411,3230],{"class":387},[84,60413,60273],{"class":391},[84,60415,854],{"class":387},[84,60417,425],{"class":102},[84,60419,34346],{"class":121},[84,60421,8520],{"class":102},[84,60423,60424,60426,60428,60430],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60425,116],{"class":98},[84,60427,103],{"class":102},[84,60429,3987],{"class":121},[84,60431,110],{"class":102},[24,60433,60434],{},[42,60435,265],{},[75,60437,60439],{"className":77,"code":60438,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60440,60441],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60442,60443,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455,60458,60460],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60444,292],{"class":102},[84,60446,394],{"class":387},[84,60448,3721],{"class":391},[84,60450,394],{"class":387},[84,60452,282],{"class":102},[84,60454,388],{"class":387},[84,60456,60457],{"class":391},"world",[84,60459,394],{"class":387},[84,60461,317],{"class":102},[1667,60463,60465],{"id":60464},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[24,60467,60468],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[75,60470,60472],{"className":77,"code":60471,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60473,60474,60478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60475,60476],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60477,4410],{"class":128},[84,60479,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494,60496,60499,60501,60503,60505],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60481,4868],{"class":90},[84,60483,95],{"class":94},[84,60485,3498],{"class":102},[84,60487,854],{"class":387},[84,60489,12763],{"class":391},[84,60491,854],{"class":387},[84,60493,282],{"class":102},[84,60495,3230],{"class":387},[84,60497,60498],{"class":391},"Ben', ",[84,60500,854],{"class":387},[84,60502,35826],{"class":90},[84,60504,854],{"class":387},[84,60506,317],{"class":391},[24,60508,60509],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[75,60511,60513],{"className":77,"code":60512,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60514,60515],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60516,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60518,4868],{"class":90},[84,60520,95],{"class":94},[84,60522,3498],{"class":102},[84,60524,854],{"class":387},[84,60526,12763],{"class":391},[84,60528,854],{"class":387},[84,60530,282],{"class":102},[84,60532,3230],{"class":387},[84,60534,35817],{"class":391},[84,60536,854],{"class":387},[84,60538,282],{"class":102},[84,60540,3230],{"class":387},[84,60542,35826],{"class":391},[84,60544,854],{"class":387},[84,60546,317],{"class":102},[1667,60548,60550],{"id":60549},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[24,60552,60553],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[33,60555,60556,60559,60562,60567],{},[36,60557,60558],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[36,60560,60561],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[36,60563,60564,60565],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60566,788],{},[36,60568,8329,60569,60572],{},[15,60570,60571],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1667,60574,60576],{"id":60575},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[75,60578,60580],{"className":77,"code":60579,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60581,60582,60592,60606,60620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60583,60584,60586,60588,60590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60585,116],{"class":98},[84,60587,103],{"class":102},[84,60589,8216],{"class":121},[84,60591,110],{"class":102},[84,60593,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602,60604],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60595,116],{"class":98},[84,60597,103],{"class":102},[84,60599,334],{"class":139},[84,60601,103],{"class":102},[84,60603,8216],{"class":121},[84,60605,232],{"class":102},[84,60607,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,60609,116],{"class":98},[84,60611,103],{"class":102},[84,60613,602],{"class":98},[84,60615,103],{"class":102},[84,60617,8216],{"class":121},[84,60619,232],{"class":102},[84,60621,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,60623,116],{"class":98},[84,60625,103],{"class":102},[84,60627,140],{"class":139},[84,60629,103],{"class":102},[84,60631,225],{"class":98},[84,60633,103],{"class":102},[84,60635,107],{"class":106},[84,60637,345],{"class":102},[24,60639,25885],{},[33,60641,60642,60645,60648,60651],{},[36,60643,60644],{},"what the list contains",[36,60646,60647],{},"whether the value is really a list",[36,60649,60650],{},"how many items it has",[36,60652,25896,60653,60655,60656],{},[15,60654,788],{}," does with ",[15,60657,17],{},[70,60659,60661],{"id":60660},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[24,60663,60664],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[24,60666,60667],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[33,60669,60670,60685,60690],{},[36,60671,153,60672,1263,60676,16954,60680,60684],{},[419,60673,60674],{"href":56636},[15,60675,1099],{},[419,60677,60678],{"href":53213},[15,60679,53315],{},[419,60681,60682],{"href":53777},[15,60683,54136],{}," to add items later",[36,60686,153,60687,60689],{},[419,60688,59264],{"href":50848}," for a broader introduction",[36,60691,153,60692,60696],{},[419,60693,60694,59925],{"href":59922},[15,60695,788],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[70,60698,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,60700,60702],{"id":60701},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[24,60704,60705],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[75,60707,60708],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,60709,60710],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60711,60712],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60713,38167],{"class":102},[1667,60715,60717],{"id":60716},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[24,60719,60720],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[75,60722,60723],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,60724,60725],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60726,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60728,292],{"class":102},[84,60730,838],{"class":106},[84,60732,282],{"class":102},[84,60734,304],{"class":106},[84,60736,282],{"class":102},[84,60738,309],{"class":106},[84,60740,317],{"class":102},[1667,60742,5016,60744,60746],{"id":60743},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60745,788],{}," do in Python?",[24,60748,60749,60750,60752],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60751,17],{},", into a list.",[1667,60754,60756],{"id":60755},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[24,60758,60759],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1667,60761,5053,60763,28,60765,1689],{"id":60762},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60764,3662],{},[15,60766,7241],{},[24,60768,60769,60771,60772,60774],{},[15,60770,3662],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60773,7241],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[70,60776,1777],{"id":1776},[33,60778,60779,60783,60789,60795,60801,60807,60811],{},[36,60780,60781],{},[419,60782,59264],{"href":50848},[36,60784,60785],{},[419,60786,55388,60787,11201],{"href":56636},[15,60788,1099],{},[36,60790,60791],{},[419,60792,55388,60793,11201],{"href":53213},[15,60794,53315],{},[36,60796,60797],{},[419,60798,55388,60799,11201],{"href":53777},[15,60800,54136],{},[36,60802,60803],{},[419,60804,13,60805,3456],{"href":59922},[15,60806,788],{},[36,60808,60809],{},[419,60810,59267],{"href":58362},[36,60812,60813],{},[419,60814,60815],{"href":11946},"Mutability in Python Explained",[24,60817,60818,60819,60821],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60820,1099],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1814,60823,60824],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":60826},[60827,60828,60829,60830,60833,60834,60840,60841,60851,60852,60861],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":15045,"depth":113,"text":15046},{"id":59159,"depth":113,"text":59160},{"id":59270,"depth":113,"text":59271,"children":60831},[60832],{"id":59472,"depth":132,"text":59473},{"id":59488,"depth":113,"text":59489},{"id":59685,"depth":113,"text":60835,"children":60836},"Create a list with list()",[60837,60838,60839],{"id":59710,"depth":132,"text":59711},{"id":59783,"depth":132,"text":59784},{"id":59848,"depth":132,"text":59849},{"id":59928,"depth":113,"text":59929},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":60842},[60843,60844,60846,60848,60849,60850],{"id":60065,"depth":132,"text":60066},{"id":60124,"depth":132,"text":60845},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60244,"depth":132,"text":60847},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60464,"depth":132,"text":60465},{"id":60549,"depth":132,"text":60550},{"id":60575,"depth":132,"text":60576},{"id":60660,"depth":113,"text":60661},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":60853},[60854,60855,60856,60858,60859],{"id":60701,"depth":132,"text":60702},{"id":60716,"depth":132,"text":60717},{"id":60743,"depth":132,"text":60857},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60755,"depth":132,"text":60756},{"id":60762,"depth":132,"text":60860},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58901,"description":60862},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60869,"title":60870,"body":60871,"description":62611,"extension":1845,"meta":62612,"navigation":237,"path":62613,"seo":62614,"stem":62615,"__hash__":62616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60872,"toc":62566},[60873,60878,60883,60886,60888,60959,60964,60969,60973,60987,60992,60994,61014,61019,61022,61045,61049,61054,61146,61148,61170,61176,61182,61189,61196,61202,61259,61265,61323,61325,61337,61345,61351,61356,61360,61417,61420,61424,61483,61486,61490,61548,61560,61564,61617,61620,61624,61630,61636,61698,61701,61762,61765,61821,61826,61828,61832,61839,61900,61905,61914,61970,61977,61981,62039,62048,62106,62110,62145,62149,62158,62161,62216,62230,62233,62348,62353,62357,62368,62370,62449,62459,62461,62466,62471,62478,62486,62492,62495,62501,62504,62510,62516,62518,62554,62563],[10,60874,54210,60876,11201],{"id":60875},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60877,53315],{},[24,60879,60880,60882],{},[15,60881,53216],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[24,60884,60885],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[70,60887,1887],{"id":1886},[75,60889,60891],{"className":77,"code":60890,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60892,60893,60909,60926,60930,60945,60955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60894,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905,60907],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60896,91],{"class":90},[84,60898,95],{"class":94},[84,60900,3498],{"class":102},[84,60902,838],{"class":106},[84,60904,282],{"class":102},[84,60906,304],{"class":106},[84,60908,317],{"class":102},[84,60910,60911,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922,60924],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,60912,60913],{"class":90},"more_numbers ",[84,60915,95],{"class":94},[84,60917,3498],{"class":102},[84,60919,1162],{"class":106},[84,60921,282],{"class":102},[84,60923,314],{"class":106},[84,60925,317],{"class":102},[84,60927,60928],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,60929,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,60931,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940,60943],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,60933,122],{"class":90},[84,60935,425],{"class":102},[84,60937,53345],{"class":121},[84,60939,103],{"class":102},[84,60941,60942],{"class":121},"more_numbers",[84,60944,110],{"class":102},[84,60946,60947,60949,60951,60953],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,60948,116],{"class":98},[84,60950,103],{"class":102},[84,60952,122],{"class":121},[84,60954,110],{"class":102},[84,60956,60957],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,60958,52592],{"class":128},[24,60960,153,60961,60963],{},[15,60962,53315],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[70,60965,429,60967,3554],{"id":60966},"what-listextend-does",[15,60968,53216],{},[24,60970,60971,881],{},[15,60972,53315],{},[33,60974,60975,60978,60980,60983],{},[36,60976,60977],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[36,60979,54296],{},[36,60981,60982],{},"Does not create a new list",[36,60984,11303,60985],{},[15,60986,3653],{},[24,60988,60989,60990,53670],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60991,53315],{},[70,60993,2038],{"id":2037},[75,60995,60997],{"className":77,"code":60996,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60998,60999],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61000,61001,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61002,61003],{"class":90},"list_name",[84,61005,425],{"class":102},[84,61007,53345],{"class":121},[84,61009,103],{"class":102},[84,61011,3595],{"class":121},[84,61013,110],{"class":102},[24,61015,5326,61016,61018],{},[42,61017,3595],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[24,61020,61021],{},"Common iterables include:",[33,61023,61024,61028,61032,61036,61041],{},[36,61025,61026],{},[15,61027,140],{},[36,61029,61030],{},[15,61031,48821],{},[36,61033,61034],{},[15,61035,6159],{},[36,61037,61038],{},[15,61039,61040],{},"string",[36,61042,61043],{},[15,61044,225],{},[70,61046,61048],{"id":61047},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[24,61050,61051,61052,881],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61053,53315],{},[75,61055,61057],{"className":77,"code":61056,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61058,61059,61083,61108,61112,61127,61131,61141],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61060,61061,61063,61065,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61062,36113],{"class":90},[84,61064,95],{"class":94},[84,61066,3498],{"class":102},[84,61068,854],{"class":387},[84,61070,3952],{"class":391},[84,61072,854],{"class":387},[84,61074,282],{"class":102},[84,61076,3230],{"class":387},[84,61078,3961],{"class":391},[84,61080,854],{"class":387},[84,61082,317],{"class":102},[84,61084,61085,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104,61106],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61086,61087],{"class":90},"more_fruits ",[84,61089,95],{"class":94},[84,61091,3498],{"class":102},[84,61093,854],{"class":387},[84,61095,33098],{"class":391},[84,61097,854],{"class":387},[84,61099,282],{"class":102},[84,61101,3230],{"class":387},[84,61103,22414],{"class":391},[84,61105,854],{"class":387},[84,61107,317],{"class":102},[84,61109,61110],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61111,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61113,61114,61116,61118,61120,61122,61125],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61115,36165],{"class":90},[84,61117,425],{"class":102},[84,61119,53345],{"class":121},[84,61121,103],{"class":102},[84,61123,61124],{"class":121},"more_fruits",[84,61126,110],{"class":102},[84,61128,61129],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61130,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61132,61133,61135,61137,61139],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,61134,116],{"class":98},[84,61136,103],{"class":102},[84,61138,36165],{"class":121},[84,61140,110],{"class":102},[84,61142,61143],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,61144,61145],{"class":128},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[24,61147,11564],{},[33,61149,61150,61155,61160],{},[36,61151,61152,61154],{},[15,61153,36165],{}," starts with two items",[36,61156,61157,61159],{},[15,61158,61124],{}," has two more items",[36,61161,61162,61164,61165,61167,61168],{},[15,61163,53315],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61166,61124],{}," to ",[15,61169,36165],{},[24,61171,61172,61173,61175],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61174,36165],{}," contains all four items.",[24,61177,54435,61178,28,61180,425],{},[419,61179,52640],{"href":50848},[419,61181,57022],{"href":57021},[70,61183,61185,18,61187],{"id":61184},"extend-vs-append",[15,61186,53315],{},[15,61188,1099],{},[24,61190,61191,28,61193,61195],{},[15,61192,53315],{},[15,61194,1099],{}," are often confused.",[1667,61197,61199,61201],{"id":61198},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61200,53315],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[75,61203,61205],{"className":77,"code":61204,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61206,61207,61223,61241,61245,61255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61208,61209,61211,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61210,91],{"class":90},[84,61212,95],{"class":94},[84,61214,3498],{"class":102},[84,61216,838],{"class":106},[84,61218,282],{"class":102},[84,61220,304],{"class":106},[84,61222,317],{"class":102},[84,61224,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61226,122],{"class":90},[84,61228,425],{"class":102},[84,61230,53345],{"class":121},[84,61232,2865],{"class":102},[84,61234,1162],{"class":106},[84,61236,282],{"class":102},[84,61238,314],{"class":106},[84,61240,741],{"class":102},[84,61242,61243],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61244,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61246,61247,61249,61251,61253],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61248,116],{"class":98},[84,61250,103],{"class":102},[84,61252,122],{"class":121},[84,61254,110],{"class":102},[84,61256,61257],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61258,52592],{"class":128},[1667,61260,61262,61264],{"id":61261},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61263,1099],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[75,61266,61268],{"className":77,"code":61267,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61269,61270,61286,61304,61308,61318],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61271,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61273,91],{"class":90},[84,61275,95],{"class":94},[84,61277,3498],{"class":102},[84,61279,838],{"class":106},[84,61281,282],{"class":102},[84,61283,304],{"class":106},[84,61285,317],{"class":102},[84,61287,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61289,122],{"class":90},[84,61291,425],{"class":102},[84,61293,998],{"class":121},[84,61295,2865],{"class":102},[84,61297,1162],{"class":106},[84,61299,282],{"class":102},[84,61301,314],{"class":106},[84,61303,741],{"class":102},[84,61305,61306],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61307,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61309,61310,61312,61314,61316],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61311,116],{"class":98},[84,61313,103],{"class":102},[84,61315,122],{"class":121},[84,61317,110],{"class":102},[84,61319,61320],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61321,61322],{"class":128},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[24,61324,18578],{},[33,61326,61327,61332],{},[36,61328,61329,61331],{},[15,61330,53315],{}," to combine values",[36,61333,61334,61336],{},[15,61335,1099],{}," to add one item",[24,61338,41965,61339,28,61343,425],{},[419,61340,55388,61341,10620],{"href":56636},[15,61342,1099],{},[419,61344,52918],{"href":52917},[70,61346,1442,61348,61350],{"id":61347},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61349,53315],{}," with different iterables",[24,61352,61353,61355],{},[15,61354,53315],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1667,61357,61359],{"id":61358},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[75,61361,61363],{"className":77,"code":61362,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61364,61365,61381,61399,61403,61413],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61366,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377,61379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61368,3698],{"class":90},[84,61370,95],{"class":94},[84,61372,3498],{"class":102},[84,61374,838],{"class":106},[84,61376,282],{"class":102},[84,61378,304],{"class":106},[84,61380,317],{"class":102},[84,61382,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61395,61397],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61384,5233],{"class":90},[84,61386,425],{"class":102},[84,61388,53345],{"class":121},[84,61390,5384],{"class":102},[84,61392,1162],{"class":106},[84,61394,282],{"class":102},[84,61396,314],{"class":106},[84,61398,232],{"class":102},[84,61400,61401],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61402,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61404,61405,61407,61409,61411],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61406,116],{"class":98},[84,61408,103],{"class":102},[84,61410,5233],{"class":121},[84,61412,110],{"class":102},[84,61414,61415],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61416,52592],{"class":128},[24,61418,61419],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1667,61421,61423],{"id":61422},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[75,61425,61427],{"className":77,"code":61426,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61428,61429,61445,61464,61468,61478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61430,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61432,35967],{"class":90},[84,61434,95],{"class":94},[84,61436,3498],{"class":102},[84,61438,854],{"class":387},[84,61440,419],{"class":391},[84,61442,854],{"class":387},[84,61444,317],{"class":102},[84,61446,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457,61460,61462],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61448,36019],{"class":90},[84,61450,425],{"class":102},[84,61452,53345],{"class":121},[84,61454,103],{"class":102},[84,61456,854],{"class":387},[84,61458,61459],{"class":391},"bc",[84,61461,854],{"class":387},[84,61463,110],{"class":102},[84,61465,61466],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61467,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61469,61470,61472,61474,61476],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61471,116],{"class":98},[84,61473,103],{"class":102},[84,61475,36019],{"class":121},[84,61477,110],{"class":102},[84,61479,61480],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61481,61482],{"class":128},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[24,61484,61485],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1667,61487,61489],{"id":61488},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[75,61491,61493],{"className":77,"code":61492,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61494,61495,61507,61529,61533,61543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61496,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61498,91],{"class":90},[84,61500,95],{"class":94},[84,61502,3498],{"class":102},[84,61504,279],{"class":106},[84,61506,317],{"class":102},[84,61508,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61510,122],{"class":90},[84,61512,425],{"class":102},[84,61514,53345],{"class":121},[84,61516,103],{"class":102},[84,61518,225],{"class":98},[84,61520,103],{"class":102},[84,61522,838],{"class":106},[84,61524,282],{"class":102},[84,61526,314],{"class":106},[84,61528,232],{"class":102},[84,61530,61531],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61532,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61534,61535,61537,61539,61541],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61536,116],{"class":98},[84,61538,103],{"class":102},[84,61540,122],{"class":121},[84,61542,110],{"class":102},[84,61544,61545],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61546,61547],{"class":128},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[24,61549,61550,61553,61554,1263,61556,16954,61558,425],{},[15,61551,61552],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61555,838],{},[15,61557,568],{},[15,61559,1162],{},[1667,61561,61563],{"id":61562},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[75,61565,61567],{"className":77,"code":61566,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61568,61569,61585,61603,61607],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61570,61571,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61572,7656],{"class":90},[84,61574,95],{"class":94},[84,61576,3498],{"class":102},[84,61578,838],{"class":106},[84,61580,282],{"class":102},[84,61582,304],{"class":106},[84,61584,317],{"class":102},[84,61586,61587,61589,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61588,7687],{"class":90},[84,61590,425],{"class":102},[84,61592,53345],{"class":121},[84,61594,5403],{"class":102},[84,61596,1162],{"class":106},[84,61598,282],{"class":102},[84,61600,314],{"class":106},[84,61602,30372],{"class":102},[84,61604,61605],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61606,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61608,61609,61611,61613,61615],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61610,116],{"class":98},[84,61612,103],{"class":102},[84,61614,7687],{"class":121},[84,61616,110],{"class":102},[24,61618,61619],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[70,61621,61623],{"id":61622},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[24,61625,61626,2279,61628,425],{},[15,61627,53315],{},[15,61629,3653],{},[24,61631,61632,61633,881],{},"That means this is ",[42,61634,61635],{},"wrong",[75,61637,61639],{"className":77,"code":61638,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61640,61641,61657,61679,61683,61693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61642,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61644,91],{"class":90},[84,61646,95],{"class":94},[84,61648,3498],{"class":102},[84,61650,838],{"class":106},[84,61652,282],{"class":102},[84,61654,304],{"class":106},[84,61656,317],{"class":102},[84,61658,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61660,2110],{"class":90},[84,61662,95],{"class":94},[84,61664,4137],{"class":90},[84,61666,425],{"class":102},[84,61668,53345],{"class":121},[84,61670,2865],{"class":102},[84,61672,1162],{"class":106},[84,61674,282],{"class":102},[84,61676,314],{"class":106},[84,61678,741],{"class":102},[84,61680,61681],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61682,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61684,61685,61687,61689,61691],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61686,116],{"class":98},[84,61688,103],{"class":102},[84,61690,2145],{"class":121},[84,61692,110],{"class":102},[84,61694,61695],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61696,61697],{"class":128},"# None\n",[24,61699,61700],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[75,61702,61704],{"className":77,"code":61703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61705,61706,61722,61744,61748,61758],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61707,61708,61710,61712,61714,61716,61718,61720],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61709,91],{"class":90},[84,61711,95],{"class":94},[84,61713,3498],{"class":102},[84,61715,838],{"class":106},[84,61717,282],{"class":102},[84,61719,304],{"class":106},[84,61721,317],{"class":102},[84,61723,61724,61726,61728,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61725,91],{"class":90},[84,61727,95],{"class":94},[84,61729,4137],{"class":90},[84,61731,425],{"class":102},[84,61733,53345],{"class":121},[84,61735,2865],{"class":102},[84,61737,1162],{"class":106},[84,61739,282],{"class":102},[84,61741,314],{"class":106},[84,61743,741],{"class":102},[84,61745,61746],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61747,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61749,61750,61752,61754,61756],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61751,116],{"class":98},[84,61753,103],{"class":102},[84,61755,122],{"class":121},[84,61757,110],{"class":102},[84,61759,61760],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61761,61697],{"class":128},[24,61763,61764],{},"The correct way is:",[75,61766,61767],{"className":77,"code":61204,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,61768,61769,61785,61803,61807,61817],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61770,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781,61783],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61772,91],{"class":90},[84,61774,95],{"class":94},[84,61776,3498],{"class":102},[84,61778,838],{"class":106},[84,61780,282],{"class":102},[84,61782,304],{"class":106},[84,61784,317],{"class":102},[84,61786,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61788,122],{"class":90},[84,61790,425],{"class":102},[84,61792,53345],{"class":121},[84,61794,2865],{"class":102},[84,61796,1162],{"class":106},[84,61798,282],{"class":102},[84,61800,314],{"class":106},[84,61802,741],{"class":102},[84,61804,61805],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61806,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61808,61809,61811,61813,61815],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61810,116],{"class":98},[84,61812,103],{"class":102},[84,61814,122],{"class":121},[84,61816,110],{"class":102},[84,61818,61819],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61820,52592],{"class":128},[24,61822,55776,61823,61825],{},[15,61824,53315],{}," first, then use the original list.",[70,61827,4393],{"id":4392},[24,61829,14617,61830,425],{},[15,61831,53315],{},[1667,61833,61835,61836,61838],{"id":61834},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61837,53315],{}," to return a new list",[75,61840,61842],{"className":77,"code":61841,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61843,61844,61860,61882,61886,61896],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61845,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61847,91],{"class":90},[84,61849,95],{"class":94},[84,61851,3498],{"class":102},[84,61853,838],{"class":106},[84,61855,282],{"class":102},[84,61857,304],{"class":106},[84,61859,317],{"class":102},[84,61861,61862,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61863,55509],{"class":90},[84,61865,95],{"class":94},[84,61867,4137],{"class":90},[84,61869,425],{"class":102},[84,61871,53345],{"class":121},[84,61873,2865],{"class":102},[84,61875,1162],{"class":106},[84,61877,282],{"class":102},[84,61879,314],{"class":106},[84,61881,741],{"class":102},[84,61883,61884],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61885,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61887,61888,61890,61892,61894],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61889,116],{"class":98},[84,61891,103],{"class":102},[84,61893,55528],{"class":121},[84,61895,110],{"class":102},[84,61897,61898],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61899,61697],{"class":128},[24,61901,61902,61903,425],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61904,53315],{},[1667,61906,61908,61909,44502,61911,61913],{"id":61907},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61910,1099],{},[15,61912,53315],{}," is needed",[75,61915,61916],{"className":77,"code":61267,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,61917,61918,61934,61952,61956,61966],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61919,61920,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61921,91],{"class":90},[84,61923,95],{"class":94},[84,61925,3498],{"class":102},[84,61927,838],{"class":106},[84,61929,282],{"class":102},[84,61931,304],{"class":106},[84,61933,317],{"class":102},[84,61935,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,61937,122],{"class":90},[84,61939,425],{"class":102},[84,61941,998],{"class":121},[84,61943,2865],{"class":102},[84,61945,1162],{"class":106},[84,61947,282],{"class":102},[84,61949,314],{"class":106},[84,61951,741],{"class":102},[84,61953,61954],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,61955,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,61957,61958,61960,61962,61964],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,61959,116],{"class":98},[84,61961,103],{"class":102},[84,61963,122],{"class":121},[84,61965,110],{"class":102},[84,61967,61968],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,61969,61322],{"class":128},[24,61971,61972,61973,53760,61975,6505],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61974,53759],{},[15,61976,53315],{},[1667,61978,61980],{"id":61979},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[75,61982,61984],{"className":77,"code":61983,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61985,61986,62002,62020,62024,62034],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61987,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998,62000],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61989,3943],{"class":90},[84,61991,95],{"class":94},[84,61993,3498],{"class":102},[84,61995,854],{"class":387},[84,61997,3721],{"class":391},[84,61999,854],{"class":387},[84,62001,317],{"class":102},[84,62003,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62005,3987],{"class":90},[84,62007,425],{"class":102},[84,62009,53345],{"class":121},[84,62011,103],{"class":102},[84,62013,854],{"class":387},[84,62015,60457],{"class":391},[84,62017,854],{"class":387},[84,62019,110],{"class":102},[84,62021,62022],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,62023,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62025,62026,62028,62030,62032],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,62027,116],{"class":98},[84,62029,103],{"class":102},[84,62031,3987],{"class":121},[84,62033,110],{"class":102},[84,62035,62036],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,62037,62038],{"class":128},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[24,62040,62041,62042,62045,62046,881],{},"If you want ",[15,62043,62044],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62047,1099],{},[75,62049,62051],{"className":77,"code":62050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62052,62053,62069,62087,62091,62101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62054,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62065,62067],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62056,3943],{"class":90},[84,62058,95],{"class":94},[84,62060,3498],{"class":102},[84,62062,854],{"class":387},[84,62064,3721],{"class":391},[84,62066,854],{"class":387},[84,62068,317],{"class":102},[84,62070,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083,62085],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62072,3987],{"class":90},[84,62074,425],{"class":102},[84,62076,998],{"class":121},[84,62078,103],{"class":102},[84,62080,854],{"class":387},[84,62082,60457],{"class":391},[84,62084,854],{"class":387},[84,62086,110],{"class":102},[84,62088,62089],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,62090,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62092,62093,62095,62097,62099],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,62094,116],{"class":98},[84,62096,103],{"class":102},[84,62098,3987],{"class":121},[84,62100,110],{"class":102},[84,62102,62103],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,62104,62105],{"class":128},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1667,62107,62109],{"id":62108},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[75,62111,62113],{"className":77,"code":62112,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62114,62115,62131],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62116,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127,62129],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62118,91],{"class":90},[84,62120,95],{"class":94},[84,62122,3498],{"class":102},[84,62124,838],{"class":106},[84,62126,282],{"class":102},[84,62128,304],{"class":106},[84,62130,317],{"class":102},[84,62132,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141,62143],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62134,122],{"class":90},[84,62136,425],{"class":102},[84,62138,53345],{"class":121},[84,62140,103],{"class":102},[84,62142,107],{"class":106},[84,62144,110],{"class":102},[24,62146,39524,62147,6425],{},[15,62148,107],{},[24,62150,62151,62152,934,62154,62157],{},"You will get a ",[15,62153,2884],{},[419,62155,62156],{"href":52469},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[24,62159,62160],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[75,62162,62164],{"className":77,"code":62163,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62165,62166,62176,62190,62202],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62167,62168,62170,62172,62174],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62169,116],{"class":98},[84,62171,103],{"class":102},[84,62173,8216],{"class":121},[84,62175,110],{"class":102},[84,62177,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62179,116],{"class":98},[84,62181,103],{"class":102},[84,62183,334],{"class":139},[84,62185,103],{"class":102},[84,62187,5233],{"class":121},[84,62189,232],{"class":102},[84,62191,62192,62194,62196,62198,62200],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,62193,116],{"class":98},[84,62195,103],{"class":102},[84,62197,2145],{"class":121},[84,62199,125],{"class":102},[84,62201,110],{"class":90},[84,62203,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,62205,32029],{"class":98},[84,62207,103],{"class":102},[84,62209,140],{"class":139},[84,62211,425],{"class":102},[84,62213,53345],{"class":24629},[84,62215,110],{"class":102},[43452,62217,62218],{},[24,62219,62220,62221,62224,62225,62227,62228,425],{},"Note: ",[15,62222,62223],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62226,125],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62229,32904],{},[24,62231,62232],{},"Correct debugging example:",[75,62234,62236],{"className":77,"code":62235,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62237,62238,62254,62270,62274,62288,62292,62300,62310,62324,62334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62239,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62241,8185],{"class":90},[84,62243,95],{"class":94},[84,62245,3498],{"class":102},[84,62247,838],{"class":106},[84,62249,282],{"class":102},[84,62251,304],{"class":106},[84,62253,317],{"class":102},[84,62255,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266,62268],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62257,3698],{"class":90},[84,62259,95],{"class":94},[84,62261,3498],{"class":102},[84,62263,1162],{"class":106},[84,62265,282],{"class":102},[84,62267,314],{"class":106},[84,62269,317],{"class":102},[84,62271,62272],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,62273,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62275,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284,62286],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,62277,8216],{"class":90},[84,62279,425],{"class":102},[84,62281,53345],{"class":121},[84,62283,103],{"class":102},[84,62285,5233],{"class":121},[84,62287,110],{"class":102},[84,62289,62290],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,62291,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62293,62294,62296,62298],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,62295,2110],{"class":90},[84,62297,95],{"class":94},[84,62299,48396],{"class":659},[84,62301,62302,62304,62306,62308],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,62303,116],{"class":98},[84,62305,103],{"class":102},[84,62307,8216],{"class":121},[84,62309,110],{"class":102},[84,62311,62312,62314,62316,62318,62320,62322],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,62313,116],{"class":98},[84,62315,103],{"class":102},[84,62317,334],{"class":139},[84,62319,103],{"class":102},[84,62321,5233],{"class":121},[84,62323,232],{"class":102},[84,62325,62326,62328,62330,62332],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,62327,116],{"class":98},[84,62329,103],{"class":102},[84,62331,2145],{"class":121},[84,62333,110],{"class":102},[84,62335,62336,62338,62340,62342,62344,62346],{"class":86,"line":6310},[84,62337,32029],{"class":98},[84,62339,103],{"class":102},[84,62341,140],{"class":139},[84,62343,425],{"class":102},[84,62345,53345],{"class":24629},[84,62347,110],{"class":102},[70,62349,792,62351],{"id":62350},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62352,53315],{},[24,62354,153,62355,6190],{},[15,62356,53315],{},[33,62358,62359,62362,62365],{},[36,62360,62361],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[36,62363,62364],{},"Add multiple values at once",[36,62366,62367],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[24,62369,5346],{},[75,62371,62373],{"className":77,"code":62372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62374,62375,62392,62410,62414,62430,62434,62444],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62376,62377,62380,62382,62384,62386,62388,62390],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62378,62379],{"class":90},"all_scores ",[84,62381,95],{"class":94},[84,62383,3498],{"class":102},[84,62385,13386],{"class":106},[84,62387,282],{"class":102},[84,62389,13391],{"class":106},[84,62391,317],{"class":102},[84,62393,62394,62397,62399,62401,62403,62405,62408],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62395,62396],{"class":90},"new_scores ",[84,62398,95],{"class":94},[84,62400,3498],{"class":102},[84,62402,51374],{"class":106},[84,62404,282],{"class":102},[84,62406,62407],{"class":106}," 92",[84,62409,317],{"class":102},[84,62411,62412],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,62413,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62415,62416,62419,62421,62423,62425,62428],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,62417,62418],{"class":90},"all_scores",[84,62420,425],{"class":102},[84,62422,53345],{"class":121},[84,62424,103],{"class":102},[84,62426,62427],{"class":121},"new_scores",[84,62429,110],{"class":102},[84,62431,62432],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,62433,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62435,62436,62438,62440,62442],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,62437,116],{"class":98},[84,62439,103],{"class":102},[84,62441,62418],{"class":121},[84,62443,110],{"class":102},[84,62445,62446],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,62447,62448],{"class":128},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[24,62450,62451,62452,62454,62455,425],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62453,1099],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[419,62456,55388,62457,10620],{"href":53777},[15,62458,54136],{},[70,62460,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,62462,12586,62464,55337],{"id":62463},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62465,53216],{},[24,62467,62468,62469,425],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62470,3653],{},[1667,62472,5053,62474,28,62476,1689],{"id":62473},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62475,53315],{},[15,62477,1099],{},[24,62479,62480,62482,62483,62485],{},[15,62481,53315],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62484,1099],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1667,62487,28205,62489,62491],{"id":62488},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62490,53315],{}," with a string?",[24,62493,62494],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1667,62496,28205,62498,62500],{"id":62497},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62499,53315],{}," with a tuple?",[24,62502,62503],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1667,62505,62507,62508,1689],{"id":62506},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62509,53315],{},[24,62511,62512,62513,62515],{},"You get a ",[15,62514,2884],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[70,62517,1777],{"id":1776},[33,62519,62520,62526,62530,62534,62538,62544,62548],{},[36,62521,62522],{},[419,62523,55388,62524,10620],{"href":56636},[15,62525,1099],{},[36,62527,62528],{},[419,62529,54146],{"href":52917},[36,62531,62532],{},[419,62533,57096],{"href":57021},[36,62535,62536],{},[419,62537,52640],{"href":50848},[36,62539,62540],{},[419,62541,55388,62542,10620],{"href":53777},[15,62543,54136],{},[36,62545,62546],{},[419,62547,62156],{"href":52469},[36,62549,62550],{},[419,62551,55388,62552,10620],{"href":54828},[15,62553,12659],{},[24,62555,62556,62557,62559,62560,62562],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62558,1099],{},", when to use ",[15,62561,54136],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1814,62564,62565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":62567},[62568,62569,62571,62572,62573,62580,62587,62588,62596,62598,62610],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":60966,"depth":113,"text":62570},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":61047,"depth":113,"text":61048},{"id":61184,"depth":113,"text":62574,"children":62575},"extend() vs append()",[62576,62578],{"id":61198,"depth":132,"text":62577},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61261,"depth":132,"text":62579},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61347,"depth":113,"text":62581,"children":62582},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62583,62584,62585,62586],{"id":61358,"depth":132,"text":61359},{"id":61422,"depth":132,"text":61423},{"id":61488,"depth":132,"text":61489},{"id":61562,"depth":132,"text":61563},{"id":61622,"depth":113,"text":61623},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":62589},[62590,62592,62594,62595],{"id":61834,"depth":132,"text":62591},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61907,"depth":132,"text":62593},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61979,"depth":132,"text":61980},{"id":62108,"depth":132,"text":62109},{"id":62350,"depth":113,"text":62597},"When to use extend()",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":62599},[62600,62602,62604,62606,62608],{"id":62463,"depth":132,"text":62601},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62473,"depth":132,"text":62603},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62488,"depth":132,"text":62605},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62497,"depth":132,"text":62607},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62506,"depth":132,"text":62609},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60870,"description":62611},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62618,"title":62619,"body":62620,"description":64710,"extension":1845,"meta":64711,"navigation":237,"path":785,"seo":64712,"stem":64713,"__hash__":64714},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62621,"toc":64673},[62622,62625,62630,62636,62647,62653,62655,62724,62726,62775,62783,62787,62792,62795,62806,62811,62813,62815,62836,62849,62852,62865,62867,62872,62897,62899,62907,62910,62979,62981,63005,63011,63015,63019,63055,63057,63077,63084,63088,63121,63123,63157,63162,63166,63199,63201,63229,63237,63241,63278,63280,63301,63304,63308,63377,63379,63403,63409,63416,63420,63423,63425,63439,63442,63466,63468,63493,63496,63515,63517,63543,63552,63556,63563,63640,63642,63683,63689,63695,63786,63788,63844,63847,63852,63856,63861,63865,63924,63926,63951,63955,64018,64020,64045,64049,64112,64114,64157,64160,64164,64168,64189,64193,64275,64277,64312,64320,64322,64326,64330,64332,64359,64364,64366,64393,64400,64403,64426,64428,64477,64480,64483,64502,64506,64509,64560,64563,64569,64573,64578,64581,64583,64589,64598,64602,64608,64612,64615,64619,64622,64626,64632,64634,64670],[10,62623,62619],{"id":62624},"python-list-function-explained",[24,62626,9001,62627,62629],{},[15,62628,788],{}," function creates a new list.",[24,62631,62632,62633,62635],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62634,788],{}," for two main reasons:",[33,62637,62638,62641],{},[36,62639,62640],{},"to make an empty list",[36,62642,62643,62644,62646],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62645,225],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[24,62648,62649,62650,62652],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62651,788],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[70,62654,1887],{"id":1886},[75,62656,62658],{"className":77,"code":62657,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62659,62660,62682,62700,62704,62714],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62661,62662,62664,62666,62668,62670,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62663,91],{"class":90},[84,62665,95],{"class":94},[84,62667,220],{"class":139},[84,62669,5384],{"class":102},[84,62671,838],{"class":106},[84,62673,282],{"class":102},[84,62675,304],{"class":106},[84,62677,282],{"class":102},[84,62679,309],{"class":106},[84,62681,232],{"class":102},[84,62683,62684,62686,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62685,35967],{"class":90},[84,62687,95],{"class":94},[84,62689,220],{"class":139},[84,62691,103],{"class":102},[84,62693,854],{"class":387},[84,62695,41432],{"class":391},[84,62697,854],{"class":387},[84,62699,110],{"class":102},[84,62701,62702],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,62703,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62705,62706,62708,62710,62712],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,62707,116],{"class":98},[84,62709,103],{"class":102},[84,62711,122],{"class":121},[84,62713,110],{"class":102},[84,62715,62716,62718,62720,62722],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,62717,116],{"class":98},[84,62719,103],{"class":102},[84,62721,36019],{"class":121},[84,62723,110],{"class":102},[24,62725,265],{},[75,62727,62729],{"className":77,"code":62728,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62730,62731,62747],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62732,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743,62745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62734,292],{"class":102},[84,62736,838],{"class":106},[84,62738,282],{"class":102},[84,62740,304],{"class":106},[84,62742,282],{"class":102},[84,62744,309],{"class":106},[84,62746,317],{"class":102},[84,62748,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62750,292],{"class":102},[84,62752,394],{"class":387},[84,62754,419],{"class":391},[84,62756,394],{"class":387},[84,62758,282],{"class":102},[84,62760,388],{"class":387},[84,62762,4634],{"class":391},[84,62764,394],{"class":387},[84,62766,282],{"class":102},[84,62768,388],{"class":387},[84,62770,9619],{"class":391},[84,62772,394],{"class":387},[84,62774,317],{"class":102},[24,62776,153,62777,62779,62780,62782],{},[15,62778,788],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62781,225],{},", set, or dictionary.",[70,62784,62786],{"id":62785},"what-list-does","What list() does",[24,62788,62789,62791],{},[15,62790,788],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[24,62793,62794],{},"It can:",[33,62796,62797,62800,62803],{},[36,62798,62799],{},"create a new list object",[36,62801,62802],{},"make an empty list",[36,62804,62805],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[24,62807,62808,62809,425],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[419,62810,52640],{"href":50848},[70,62812,2038],{"id":2037},[24,62814,26363],{},[75,62816,62818],{"className":77,"code":62817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62819,62820,62826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62821,62822,62824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62823,140],{"class":139},[84,62825,8520],{"class":102},[84,62827,62828,62830,62832,62834],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62829,140],{"class":139},[84,62831,103],{"class":102},[84,62833,3595],{"class":121},[84,62835,110],{"class":102},[33,62837,62838,62843],{},[36,62839,62840,62842],{},[15,62841,788],{}," makes an empty list",[36,62844,62845,62848],{},[15,62846,62847],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[24,62850,62851],{},"Common iterable values include:",[33,62853,62854,62856,62858,62860,62863],{},[36,62855,5183],{},[36,62857,5177],{},[36,62859,5180],{},[36,62861,62862],{},"ranges",[36,62864,7126],{},[70,62866,59489],{"id":59488},[24,62868,153,62869,62871],{},[15,62870,788],{}," with no arguments:",[75,62873,62875],{"className":77,"code":62874,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62876,62877,62887],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62878,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62880,7656],{"class":90},[84,62882,95],{"class":94},[84,62884,220],{"class":139},[84,62886,8520],{"class":102},[84,62888,62889,62891,62893,62895],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62890,116],{"class":98},[84,62892,103],{"class":102},[84,62894,7687],{"class":121},[84,62896,110],{"class":102},[24,62898,265],{},[75,62900,62901],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,62902,62903],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62904,62905],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62906,38167],{"class":102},[24,62908,62909],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[75,62911,62913],{"className":77,"code":62912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62914,62915,62925,62929,62947,62965,62969],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62916,62917,62919,62921,62923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62918,7656],{"class":90},[84,62920,95],{"class":94},[84,62922,220],{"class":139},[84,62924,8520],{"class":102},[84,62926,62927],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,62928,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62930,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,62932,7687],{"class":90},[84,62934,425],{"class":102},[84,62936,998],{"class":121},[84,62938,103],{"class":102},[84,62940,854],{"class":387},[84,62942,3952],{"class":391},[84,62944,854],{"class":387},[84,62946,110],{"class":102},[84,62948,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,62950,7687],{"class":90},[84,62952,425],{"class":102},[84,62954,998],{"class":121},[84,62956,103],{"class":102},[84,62958,854],{"class":387},[84,62960,3961],{"class":391},[84,62962,854],{"class":387},[84,62964,110],{"class":102},[84,62966,62967],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,62968,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,62970,62971,62973,62975,62977],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,62972,116],{"class":98},[84,62974,103],{"class":102},[84,62976,7687],{"class":121},[84,62978,110],{"class":102},[24,62980,265],{},[75,62982,62983],{"className":77,"code":38293,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,62984,62985],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62986,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62988,292],{"class":102},[84,62990,394],{"class":387},[84,62992,3952],{"class":391},[84,62994,394],{"class":387},[84,62996,282],{"class":102},[84,62998,388],{"class":387},[84,63000,3961],{"class":391},[84,63002,394],{"class":387},[84,63004,317],{"class":102},[24,63006,63007,63008,63010],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63009,3662],{},". Both are valid.",[70,63012,63014],{"id":63013},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1667,63016,63018],{"id":63017},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[75,63020,63021],{"className":77,"code":59787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63022,63023,63045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63024,63025,63027,63029,63031,63033,63035,63037,63039,63041,63043],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63026,91],{"class":90},[84,63028,95],{"class":94},[84,63030,220],{"class":139},[84,63032,5384],{"class":102},[84,63034,838],{"class":106},[84,63036,282],{"class":102},[84,63038,304],{"class":106},[84,63040,282],{"class":102},[84,63042,309],{"class":106},[84,63044,232],{"class":102},[84,63046,63047,63049,63051,63053],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63048,116],{"class":98},[84,63050,103],{"class":102},[84,63052,122],{"class":121},[84,63054,110],{"class":102},[24,63056,265],{},[75,63058,63059],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63060,63061],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63062,63063,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63064,292],{"class":102},[84,63066,838],{"class":106},[84,63068,282],{"class":102},[84,63070,304],{"class":106},[84,63072,282],{"class":102},[84,63074,309],{"class":106},[84,63076,317],{"class":102},[24,63078,63079,63080,425],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[419,63081,63083],{"href":63082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1667,63085,63087],{"id":63086},"string-to-list","String to list",[75,63089,63091],{"className":77,"code":63090,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63092,63093,63111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63094,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63096,35967],{"class":90},[84,63098,95],{"class":94},[84,63100,220],{"class":139},[84,63102,103],{"class":102},[84,63104,854],{"class":387},[84,63106,36919],{"class":391},[84,63108,854],{"class":387},[84,63110,110],{"class":102},[84,63112,63113,63115,63117,63119],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63114,116],{"class":98},[84,63116,103],{"class":102},[84,63118,36019],{"class":121},[84,63120,110],{"class":102},[24,63122,265],{},[75,63124,63126],{"className":77,"code":63125,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63127,63128],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63129,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63153,63155],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63131,292],{"class":102},[84,63133,394],{"class":387},[84,63135,9619],{"class":391},[84,63137,394],{"class":387},[84,63139,282],{"class":102},[84,63141,388],{"class":387},[84,63143,419],{"class":391},[84,63145,394],{"class":387},[84,63147,282],{"class":102},[84,63149,388],{"class":387},[84,63151,63152],{"class":391},"t",[84,63154,394],{"class":387},[84,63156,317],{"class":102},[24,63158,63159,63161],{},[15,63160,788],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1667,63163,63165],{"id":63164},"range-to-list","Range to list",[75,63167,63169],{"className":77,"code":63168,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63170,63171,63189],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63172,63173,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183,63185,63187],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63174,91],{"class":90},[84,63176,95],{"class":94},[84,63178,220],{"class":139},[84,63180,103],{"class":102},[84,63182,225],{"class":98},[84,63184,103],{"class":102},[84,63186,107],{"class":106},[84,63188,232],{"class":102},[84,63190,63191,63193,63195,63197],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63192,116],{"class":98},[84,63194,103],{"class":102},[84,63196,122],{"class":121},[84,63198,110],{"class":102},[24,63200,265],{},[75,63202,63203],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63204,63205],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63206,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63208,292],{"class":102},[84,63210,279],{"class":106},[84,63212,282],{"class":102},[84,63214,299],{"class":106},[84,63216,282],{"class":102},[84,63218,304],{"class":106},[84,63220,282],{"class":102},[84,63222,309],{"class":106},[84,63224,282],{"class":102},[84,63226,314],{"class":106},[84,63228,317],{"class":102},[24,63230,63231,63232,63236],{},"This is common when working with ",[419,63233,63234],{"href":36070},[15,63235,17],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1667,63238,63240],{"id":63239},"set-to-list","Set to list",[75,63242,63244],{"className":77,"code":63243,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63245,63246,63268],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63247,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63249,3698],{"class":90},[84,63251,95],{"class":94},[84,63253,220],{"class":139},[84,63255,5403],{"class":102},[84,63257,2212],{"class":106},[84,63259,282],{"class":102},[84,63261,7667],{"class":106},[84,63263,282],{"class":102},[84,63265,7672],{"class":106},[84,63267,30372],{"class":102},[84,63269,63270,63272,63274,63276],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63271,116],{"class":98},[84,63273,103],{"class":102},[84,63275,5233],{"class":121},[84,63277,110],{"class":102},[24,63279,16841],{},[75,63281,63283],{"className":77,"code":63282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63284,63285],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63286,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63288,292],{"class":102},[84,63290,2212],{"class":106},[84,63292,282],{"class":102},[84,63294,7667],{"class":106},[84,63296,282],{"class":102},[84,63298,7672],{"class":106},[84,63300,317],{"class":102},[24,63302,63303],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1667,63305,63307],{"id":63306},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[75,63309,63311],{"className":77,"code":63310,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63312,63313,63349,63363,63367],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63314,63315,63317,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63316,13088],{"class":90},[84,63318,95],{"class":94},[84,63320,10371],{"class":102},[84,63322,854],{"class":387},[84,63324,7544],{"class":391},[84,63326,854],{"class":387},[84,63328,881],{"class":102},[84,63330,3230],{"class":387},[84,63332,12763],{"class":391},[84,63334,854],{"class":387},[84,63336,282],{"class":102},[84,63338,3230],{"class":387},[84,63340,9178],{"class":391},[84,63342,854],{"class":387},[84,63344,881],{"class":102},[84,63346,9185],{"class":106},[84,63348,9188],{"class":102},[84,63350,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63352,2110],{"class":90},[84,63354,95],{"class":94},[84,63356,220],{"class":139},[84,63358,103],{"class":102},[84,63360,17189],{"class":121},[84,63362,110],{"class":102},[84,63364,63365],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,63366,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,63368,63369,63371,63373,63375],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,63370,116],{"class":98},[84,63372,103],{"class":102},[84,63374,2145],{"class":121},[84,63376,110],{"class":102},[24,63378,265],{},[75,63380,63381],{"className":77,"code":25359,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63382,63383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63384,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63386,292],{"class":102},[84,63388,394],{"class":387},[84,63390,7544],{"class":391},[84,63392,394],{"class":387},[84,63394,282],{"class":102},[84,63396,388],{"class":387},[84,63398,9178],{"class":391},[84,63400,394],{"class":387},[84,63402,317],{"class":102},[24,63404,63405,63406,63408],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63407,788],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[24,63410,63411,63412,425],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[419,63413,63415],{"href":63414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[70,63417,63419],{"id":63418},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[24,63421,63422],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[24,63424,61021],{},[33,63426,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437],{},[36,63428,5174],{},[36,63430,5177],{},[36,63432,5183],{},[36,63434,5180],{},[36,63436,62862],{},[36,63438,7126],{},[24,63440,63441],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[75,63443,63445],{"className":77,"code":63444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63446,63447],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63448,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459,63462,63464],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63450,116],{"class":98},[84,63452,103],{"class":102},[84,63454,140],{"class":139},[84,63456,103],{"class":102},[84,63458,854],{"class":387},[84,63460,63461],{"class":391},"hi",[84,63463,854],{"class":387},[84,63465,232],{"class":102},[24,63467,265],{},[75,63469,63471],{"className":77,"code":63470,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63472,63473],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63474,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63476,292],{"class":102},[84,63478,394],{"class":387},[84,63480,60305],{"class":391},[84,63482,394],{"class":387},[84,63484,282],{"class":102},[84,63486,388],{"class":387},[84,63488,495],{"class":391},[84,63490,394],{"class":387},[84,63492,317],{"class":102},[24,63494,63495],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[75,63497,63499],{"className":77,"code":63498,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63500,63501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63502,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63504,116],{"class":98},[84,63506,103],{"class":102},[84,63508,140],{"class":139},[84,63510,103],{"class":102},[84,63512,107],{"class":106},[84,63514,232],{"class":102},[24,63516,265],{},[75,63518,63520],{"className":77,"code":63519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63521,63522],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63523,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63525,2884],{"class":139},[84,63527,881],{"class":102},[84,63529,388],{"class":387},[84,63531,2070],{"class":391},[84,63533,394],{"class":387},[84,63535,1247],{"class":139},[84,63537,7973],{"class":94},[84,63539,7976],{"class":94},[84,63541,63542],{"class":90}," iterable\n",[24,63544,63545,63546,63548,63549,425],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[419,63547,5010],{"href":5460},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[419,63550,63551],{"href":52469},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[70,63553,63555],{"id":63554},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[24,63557,63558,63559,63562],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63560,63561],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[75,63564,63566],{"className":77,"code":63565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63567,63568,63588,63602,63606,63616,63626],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63569,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63571,11967],{"class":90},[84,63573,95],{"class":94},[84,63575,3498],{"class":102},[84,63577,838],{"class":106},[84,63579,282],{"class":102},[84,63581,304],{"class":106},[84,63583,282],{"class":102},[84,63585,309],{"class":106},[84,63587,317],{"class":102},[84,63589,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63591,14195],{"class":90},[84,63593,95],{"class":94},[84,63595,220],{"class":139},[84,63597,103],{"class":102},[84,63599,12014],{"class":121},[84,63601,110],{"class":102},[84,63603,63604],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,63605,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,63607,63608,63610,63612,63614],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,63609,116],{"class":98},[84,63611,103],{"class":102},[84,63613,12014],{"class":121},[84,63615,110],{"class":102},[84,63617,63618,63620,63622,63624],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,63619,116],{"class":98},[84,63621,103],{"class":102},[84,63623,14214],{"class":121},[84,63625,110],{"class":102},[84,63627,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,63629,116],{"class":98},[84,63631,103],{"class":102},[84,63633,11967],{"class":121},[84,63635,12075],{"class":470},[84,63637,14268],{"class":121},[84,63639,110],{"class":102},[24,63641,265],{},[75,63643,63645],{"className":77,"code":63644,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63646,63647,63663,63679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63648,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63650,292],{"class":102},[84,63652,838],{"class":106},[84,63654,282],{"class":102},[84,63656,304],{"class":106},[84,63658,282],{"class":102},[84,63660,309],{"class":106},[84,63662,317],{"class":102},[84,63664,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63666,292],{"class":102},[84,63668,838],{"class":106},[84,63670,282],{"class":102},[84,63672,304],{"class":106},[84,63674,282],{"class":102},[84,63676,309],{"class":106},[84,63678,317],{"class":102},[84,63680,63681],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,63682,3913],{"class":659},[24,63684,63685,63686,63688],{},"This means ",[15,63687,14214],{}," is a different list object.",[24,63690,63691,63692,63694],{},"However, this is only a ",[42,63693,12733],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[75,63696,63698],{"className":77,"code":63697,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63699,63700,63726,63740,63744,63762,63766,63776],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63701,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63703,11967],{"class":90},[84,63705,95],{"class":94},[84,63707,56161],{"class":102},[84,63709,838],{"class":106},[84,63711,282],{"class":102},[84,63713,304],{"class":106},[84,63715,17945],{"class":102},[84,63717,3498],{"class":102},[84,63719,1162],{"class":106},[84,63721,282],{"class":102},[84,63723,314],{"class":106},[84,63725,53111],{"class":102},[84,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63729,14195],{"class":90},[84,63731,95],{"class":94},[84,63733,220],{"class":139},[84,63735,103],{"class":102},[84,63737,12014],{"class":121},[84,63739,110],{"class":102},[84,63741,63742],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,63743,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,63745,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,63747,14214],{"class":90},[84,63749,292],{"class":102},[84,63751,279],{"class":106},[84,63753,13434],{"class":102},[84,63755,998],{"class":121},[84,63757,103],{"class":102},[84,63759,56214],{"class":106},[84,63761,110],{"class":102},[84,63763,63764],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,63765,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,63767,63768,63770,63772,63774],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,63769,116],{"class":98},[84,63771,103],{"class":102},[84,63773,12014],{"class":121},[84,63775,110],{"class":102},[84,63777,63778,63780,63782,63784],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,63779,116],{"class":98},[84,63781,103],{"class":102},[84,63783,14214],{"class":121},[84,63785,110],{"class":102},[24,63787,265],{},[75,63789,63790],{"className":77,"code":56245,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63791,63792,63818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63793,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63795,56252],{"class":102},[84,63797,838],{"class":106},[84,63799,282],{"class":102},[84,63801,304],{"class":106},[84,63803,282],{"class":102},[84,63805,10077],{"class":106},[84,63807,17945],{"class":102},[84,63809,3498],{"class":102},[84,63811,1162],{"class":106},[84,63813,282],{"class":102},[84,63815,314],{"class":106},[84,63817,53111],{"class":102},[84,63819,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63821,56252],{"class":102},[84,63823,838],{"class":106},[84,63825,282],{"class":102},[84,63827,304],{"class":106},[84,63829,282],{"class":102},[84,63831,10077],{"class":106},[84,63833,17945],{"class":102},[84,63835,3498],{"class":102},[84,63837,1162],{"class":106},[84,63839,282],{"class":102},[84,63841,314],{"class":106},[84,63843,53111],{"class":102},[24,63845,63846],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[24,63848,63849,63850,425],{},"For more on this, see ",[419,63851,13674],{"href":13673},[70,63853,63855],{"id":63854},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[24,63857,63858,63859,425],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63860,788],{},[1667,63862,63864],{"id":63863},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[75,63866,63868],{"className":77,"code":63867,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63869,63870,63910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63871,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63873,12746],{"class":90},[84,63875,95],{"class":94},[84,63877,10371],{"class":102},[84,63879,854],{"class":387},[84,63881,7544],{"class":391},[84,63883,854],{"class":387},[84,63885,881],{"class":102},[84,63887,3230],{"class":387},[84,63889,7799],{"class":391},[84,63891,854],{"class":387},[84,63893,282],{"class":102},[84,63895,3230],{"class":387},[84,63897,19775],{"class":391},[84,63899,854],{"class":387},[84,63901,881],{"class":102},[84,63903,3230],{"class":387},[84,63905,22126],{"class":391},[84,63907,854],{"class":387},[84,63909,9188],{"class":102},[84,63911,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,63913,116],{"class":98},[84,63915,103],{"class":102},[84,63917,140],{"class":139},[84,63919,103],{"class":102},[84,63921,13509],{"class":121},[84,63923,232],{"class":102},[24,63925,265],{},[75,63927,63929],{"className":77,"code":63928,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63930,63931],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63932,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63934,292],{"class":102},[84,63936,394],{"class":387},[84,63938,7544],{"class":391},[84,63940,394],{"class":387},[84,63942,282],{"class":102},[84,63944,388],{"class":387},[84,63946,19775],{"class":391},[84,63948,394],{"class":387},[84,63950,317],{"class":102},[1667,63952,63954],{"id":63953},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[75,63956,63958],{"className":77,"code":63957,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63959,63960,64000],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63961,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63963,12746],{"class":90},[84,63965,95],{"class":94},[84,63967,10371],{"class":102},[84,63969,854],{"class":387},[84,63971,7544],{"class":391},[84,63973,854],{"class":387},[84,63975,881],{"class":102},[84,63977,3230],{"class":387},[84,63979,7799],{"class":391},[84,63981,854],{"class":387},[84,63983,282],{"class":102},[84,63985,3230],{"class":387},[84,63987,19775],{"class":391},[84,63989,854],{"class":387},[84,63991,881],{"class":102},[84,63993,3230],{"class":387},[84,63995,22126],{"class":391},[84,63997,854],{"class":387},[84,63999,9188],{"class":102},[84,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,64003,116],{"class":98},[84,64005,103],{"class":102},[84,64007,140],{"class":139},[84,64009,103],{"class":102},[84,64011,13509],{"class":121},[84,64013,425],{"class":102},[84,64015,5233],{"class":121},[84,64017,6162],{"class":102},[24,64019,265],{},[75,64021,64023],{"className":77,"code":64022,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64024,64025],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64026,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64028,292],{"class":102},[84,64030,394],{"class":387},[84,64032,7799],{"class":391},[84,64034,394],{"class":387},[84,64036,282],{"class":102},[84,64038,388],{"class":387},[84,64040,22126],{"class":391},[84,64042,394],{"class":387},[84,64044,317],{"class":102},[1667,64046,64048],{"id":64047},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[75,64050,64052],{"className":77,"code":64051,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64053,64054,64094],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64055,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64057,12746],{"class":90},[84,64059,95],{"class":94},[84,64061,10371],{"class":102},[84,64063,854],{"class":387},[84,64065,7544],{"class":391},[84,64067,854],{"class":387},[84,64069,881],{"class":102},[84,64071,3230],{"class":387},[84,64073,7799],{"class":391},[84,64075,854],{"class":387},[84,64077,282],{"class":102},[84,64079,3230],{"class":387},[84,64081,19775],{"class":391},[84,64083,854],{"class":387},[84,64085,881],{"class":102},[84,64087,3230],{"class":387},[84,64089,22126],{"class":391},[84,64091,854],{"class":387},[84,64093,9188],{"class":102},[84,64095,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,64097,116],{"class":98},[84,64099,103],{"class":102},[84,64101,140],{"class":139},[84,64103,103],{"class":102},[84,64105,13509],{"class":121},[84,64107,425],{"class":102},[84,64109,7687],{"class":121},[84,64111,6162],{"class":102},[24,64113,265],{},[75,64115,64117],{"className":77,"code":64116,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64118,64119],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64120,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64122,21623],{"class":102},[84,64124,394],{"class":387},[84,64126,7544],{"class":391},[84,64128,394],{"class":387},[84,64130,282],{"class":102},[84,64132,388],{"class":387},[84,64134,7799],{"class":391},[84,64136,394],{"class":387},[84,64138,9112],{"class":102},[84,64140,9115],{"class":102},[84,64142,394],{"class":387},[84,64144,19775],{"class":391},[84,64146,394],{"class":387},[84,64148,282],{"class":102},[84,64150,388],{"class":387},[84,64152,22126],{"class":391},[84,64154,394],{"class":387},[84,64156,9128],{"class":102},[24,64158,64159],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[70,64161,64163],{"id":64162},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[24,64165,153,64166,799],{},[15,64167,788],{},[33,64169,64170,64177,64186],{},[36,64171,64172,64173,2759,64175],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64174,1099],{},[15,64176,1270],{},[36,64178,64179,64180,2759,64182,64185],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64181,17],{},[15,64183,64184],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[36,64187,64188],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[24,64190,45912,64191,881],{},[15,64192,64184],{},[75,64194,64196],{"className":77,"code":64195,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64197,64198,64222,64238,64242,64265],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64199,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64201,4868],{"class":90},[84,64203,95],{"class":94},[84,64205,3498],{"class":102},[84,64207,854],{"class":387},[84,64209,12763],{"class":391},[84,64211,854],{"class":387},[84,64213,282],{"class":102},[84,64215,3230],{"class":387},[84,64217,35817],{"class":391},[84,64219,854],{"class":387},[84,64221,317],{"class":102},[84,64223,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,64225,4937],{"class":90},[84,64227,95],{"class":94},[84,64229,3498],{"class":102},[84,64231,13386],{"class":106},[84,64233,282],{"class":102},[84,64235,13391],{"class":106},[84,64237,317],{"class":102},[84,64239,64240],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,64241,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,64243,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,64245,9094],{"class":90},[84,64247,95],{"class":94},[84,64249,220],{"class":139},[84,64251,103],{"class":102},[84,64253,64254],{"class":98},"zip",[84,64256,103],{"class":102},[84,64258,4912],{"class":121},[84,64260,282],{"class":102},[84,64262,4984],{"class":121},[84,64264,232],{"class":102},[84,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,64268,116],{"class":98},[84,64270,103],{"class":102},[84,64272,9141],{"class":121},[84,64274,110],{"class":102},[24,64276,265],{},[75,64278,64280],{"className":77,"code":64279,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64281,64282],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64283,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64285,21623],{"class":102},[84,64287,394],{"class":387},[84,64289,12763],{"class":391},[84,64291,394],{"class":387},[84,64293,282],{"class":102},[84,64295,19782],{"class":106},[84,64297,9112],{"class":102},[84,64299,9115],{"class":102},[84,64301,394],{"class":387},[84,64303,35817],{"class":391},[84,64305,394],{"class":387},[84,64307,282],{"class":102},[84,64309,13391],{"class":106},[84,64311,9128],{"class":102},[24,64313,64314,64315,64317,64318,425],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64316,1099],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[419,64319,52918],{"href":52917},[70,64321,4393],{"id":4392},[24,64323,56643,64324,425],{},[15,64325,788],{},[1667,64327,64329],{"id":64328},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[24,64331,4400],{},[75,64333,64335],{"className":77,"code":64334,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64336,64337,64341],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64338,64339],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64340,4410],{"class":128},[84,64342,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,64344,140],{"class":139},[84,64346,103],{"class":102},[84,64348,838],{"class":106},[84,64350,282],{"class":102},[84,64352,304],{"class":106},[84,64354,282],{"class":102},[84,64356,309],{"class":106},[84,64358,110],{"class":102},[24,64360,64361,64363],{},[15,64362,788],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[24,64365,18578],{},[75,64367,64369],{"className":77,"code":64368,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64370,64371],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64372,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64374,116],{"class":98},[84,64376,103],{"class":102},[84,64378,140],{"class":139},[84,64380,5384],{"class":102},[84,64382,838],{"class":106},[84,64384,282],{"class":102},[84,64386,304],{"class":106},[84,64388,282],{"class":102},[84,64390,309],{"class":106},[84,64392,345],{"class":102},[1667,64394,64396,64397],{"id":64395},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[84,64398,64399],{},"\"hello\"",[24,64401,64402],{},"This is a common surprise:",[75,64404,64406],{"className":77,"code":64405,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64407,64408],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64409,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64411,116],{"class":98},[84,64413,103],{"class":102},[84,64415,140],{"class":139},[84,64417,103],{"class":102},[84,64419,854],{"class":387},[84,64421,3721],{"class":391},[84,64423,854],{"class":387},[84,64425,232],{"class":102},[24,64427,265],{},[75,64429,64431],{"className":77,"code":64430,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64432,64433],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64434,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64436,292],{"class":102},[84,64438,394],{"class":387},[84,64440,60305],{"class":391},[84,64442,394],{"class":387},[84,64444,282],{"class":102},[84,64446,388],{"class":387},[84,64448,60314],{"class":391},[84,64450,394],{"class":387},[84,64452,282],{"class":102},[84,64454,388],{"class":387},[84,64456,60323],{"class":391},[84,64458,394],{"class":387},[84,64460,282],{"class":102},[84,64462,388],{"class":387},[84,64464,60323],{"class":391},[84,64466,394],{"class":387},[84,64468,282],{"class":102},[84,64470,388],{"class":387},[84,64472,60340],{"class":391},[84,64474,394],{"class":387},[84,64476,317],{"class":102},[24,64478,64479],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[24,64481,64482],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[75,64484,64486],{"className":77,"code":64485,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64487,64488],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64489,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64491,116],{"class":98},[84,64493,2865],{"class":102},[84,64495,854],{"class":387},[84,64497,3721],{"class":391},[84,64499,854],{"class":387},[84,64501,741],{"class":102},[1667,64503,64505],{"id":64504},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[24,64507,64508],{},"This:",[75,64510,64512],{"className":77,"code":64511,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64513,64514,64546],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64515,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542,64544],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64517,9044],{"class":90},[84,64519,95],{"class":94},[84,64521,10371],{"class":102},[84,64523,854],{"class":387},[84,64525,419],{"class":391},[84,64527,854],{"class":387},[84,64529,881],{"class":102},[84,64531,299],{"class":106},[84,64533,282],{"class":102},[84,64535,3230],{"class":387},[84,64537,4634],{"class":391},[84,64539,854],{"class":387},[84,64541,881],{"class":102},[84,64543,304],{"class":106},[84,64545,9188],{"class":102},[84,64547,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,64549,116],{"class":98},[84,64551,103],{"class":102},[84,64553,140],{"class":139},[84,64555,103],{"class":102},[84,64557,9083],{"class":121},[84,64559,232],{"class":102},[24,64561,64562],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[24,64564,153,64565,64568],{},[15,64566,64567],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1667,64570,64572],{"id":64571},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[24,64574,64575,64577],{},[15,64576,788],{}," copies the outer list only.",[24,64579,64580],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[70,64582,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,64584,5053,64586,64588],{"id":64585},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[84,64587],{}," and list()?",[24,64590,64591,64592,64594,64595,64597],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64593,3662],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64596,788],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1667,64599,64601],{"id":64600},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[24,64603,64604,64605,64607],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64606,788],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1667,64609,64611],{"id":64610},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[24,64613,64614],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1667,64616,64618],{"id":64617},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[24,64620,64621],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1667,64623,64625],{"id":64624},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[24,64627,64628,64629,64631],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64630,788],{}," cannot loop through it.",[70,64633,1777],{"id":1776},[33,64635,64636,64640,64645,64649,64653,64657,64661,64666],{},[36,64637,64638],{},[419,64639,52640],{"href":50848},[36,64641,64642],{},[419,64643,64644],{"href":36070},"Python range() function explained",[36,64646,64647],{},[419,64648,63083],{"href":63082},[36,64650,64651],{},[419,64652,63415],{"href":63414},[36,64654,64655],{},[419,64656,5090],{"href":5460},[36,64658,64659],{},[419,64660,13674],{"href":13673},[36,64662,64663],{},[419,64664,64665],{"href":52469},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,64667,64668],{},[419,64669,54146],{"href":52917},[1814,64671,64672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":64674},[64675,64676,64677,64678,64679,64686,64687,64688,64693,64694,64701,64709],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":62785,"depth":113,"text":62786},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":59488,"depth":113,"text":59489},{"id":63013,"depth":113,"text":63014,"children":64680},[64681,64682,64683,64684,64685],{"id":63017,"depth":132,"text":63018},{"id":63086,"depth":132,"text":63087},{"id":63164,"depth":132,"text":63165},{"id":63239,"depth":132,"text":63240},{"id":63306,"depth":132,"text":63307},{"id":63418,"depth":113,"text":63419},{"id":63554,"depth":113,"text":63555},{"id":63854,"depth":113,"text":63855,"children":64689},[64690,64691,64692],{"id":63863,"depth":132,"text":63864},{"id":63953,"depth":132,"text":63954},{"id":64047,"depth":132,"text":64048},{"id":64162,"depth":113,"text":64163},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":64695},[64696,64697,64699,64700],{"id":64328,"depth":132,"text":64329},{"id":64395,"depth":132,"text":64698},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64504,"depth":132,"text":64505},{"id":64571,"depth":132,"text":64572},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":64702},[64703,64705,64706,64707,64708],{"id":64585,"depth":132,"text":64704},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64600,"depth":132,"text":64601},{"id":64610,"depth":132,"text":64611},{"id":64617,"depth":132,"text":64618},{"id":64624,"depth":132,"text":64625},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":62619,"description":64710},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64716,"title":64717,"body":64718,"description":66069,"extension":1845,"meta":66070,"navigation":237,"path":66071,"seo":66072,"stem":66073,"__hash__":66074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64719,"toc":66043},[64720,64725,64731,64740,64742,64815,64824,64829,64833,64849,64853,64855,64857,64876,64879,64907,64910,64935,64943,64945,64950,64957,64959,65016,65018,65026,65032,65036,65039,65112,65114,65122,65125,65148,65155,65161,65165,65171,65242,65244,65252,65261,65268,65275,65283,65427,65429,65446,65449,65488,65491,65495,65500,65502,65561,65567,65570,65677,65679,65694,65697,65704,65706,65710,65858,65861,65922,65925,65928,65949,65954,65958,65969,65972,65974,65979,65982,65990,65995,66001,66004,66010,66018,66020,66040],[10,64721,54210,64723,11201],{"id":64722},"python-list-index-method",[15,64724,58836],{},[24,64726,64727,64730],{},[15,64728,64729],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[24,64732,64733,64734,64737,64738,425],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[42,64735,64736],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64739,40575],{},[70,64741,73],{"id":72},[75,64743,64745],{"className":77,"code":64744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64746,64747,64779,64802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64748,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64750,7656],{"class":90},[84,64752,95],{"class":94},[84,64754,3498],{"class":102},[84,64756,854],{"class":387},[84,64758,3952],{"class":391},[84,64760,854],{"class":387},[84,64762,282],{"class":102},[84,64764,3230],{"class":387},[84,64766,3961],{"class":391},[84,64768,854],{"class":387},[84,64770,282],{"class":102},[84,64772,3230],{"class":387},[84,64774,3970],{"class":391},[84,64776,854],{"class":387},[84,64778,317],{"class":102},[84,64780,64781,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,64782,64783],{"class":90},"position ",[84,64785,95],{"class":94},[84,64787,5839],{"class":90},[84,64789,425],{"class":102},[84,64791,35722],{"class":121},[84,64793,103],{"class":102},[84,64795,854],{"class":387},[84,64797,3961],{"class":391},[84,64799,854],{"class":387},[84,64801,110],{"class":102},[84,64803,64804,64806,64808,64811,64813],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,64805,116],{"class":98},[84,64807,103],{"class":102},[84,64809,64810],{"class":121},"position",[84,64812,125],{"class":102},[84,64814,27656],{"class":128},[24,64816,153,64817,64820,64821,64823],{},[15,64818,64819],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64822,40575],{}," if the item is not found.",[70,64825,429,64827,3554],{"id":64826},"what-listindex-does",[15,64828,64729],{},[24,64830,64831,881],{},[15,64832,64729],{},[33,64834,64835,64838,64841,64846],{},[36,64836,64837],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[36,64839,64840],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[36,64842,64843,64844],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64845,279],{},[36,64847,64848],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[24,64850,54435,64851,425],{},[419,64852,52640],{"href":54438},[70,64854,2038],{"id":2037},[24,64856,30601],{},[75,64858,64860],{"className":77,"code":64859,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64861,64862],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64863,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64865,8216],{"class":90},[84,64867,425],{"class":102},[84,64869,35722],{"class":121},[84,64871,103],{"class":102},[84,64873,2354],{"class":121},[84,64875,110],{"class":102},[24,64877,64878],{},"You can also limit the search:",[75,64880,64882],{"className":77,"code":64881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64883,64884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64885,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64905],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64887,8216],{"class":90},[84,64889,425],{"class":102},[84,64891,35722],{"class":121},[84,64893,103],{"class":102},[84,64895,2354],{"class":121},[84,64897,282],{"class":102},[84,64899,35928],{"class":121},[84,64901,282],{"class":102},[84,64903,64904],{"class":121}," end",[84,64906,110],{"class":102},[24,64908,64909],{},"Here is what each part means:",[33,64911,64912,64917,64922,64927],{},[36,64913,64914,64916],{},[15,64915,2354],{},": the item to search for",[36,64918,64919,64921],{},[15,64920,35949],{},": where the search begins",[36,64923,64924,64926],{},[15,64925,52529],{},": where the search stops",[36,64928,64929,4657,64931,64934],{},[15,64930,52529],{},[42,64932,64933],{},"not included"," in the search range",[24,64936,64937,64938,64940,64941,425],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64939,35949],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64942,52529],{},[70,64944,37890],{"id":37889},[24,64946,64947,64949],{},[15,64948,64729],{}," returns an integer.",[24,64951,64952,64953,64956],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[42,64954,64955],{},"first match"," in the list.",[24,64958,190],{},[75,64960,64962],{"className":77,"code":64961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64963,64964,64984,65002,65006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64965,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64967,91],{"class":90},[84,64969,95],{"class":94},[84,64971,3498],{"class":102},[84,64973,2212],{"class":106},[84,64975,282],{"class":102},[84,64977,7667],{"class":106},[84,64979,282],{"class":102},[84,64981,7672],{"class":106},[84,64983,317],{"class":102},[84,64985,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,64987,2110],{"class":90},[84,64989,95],{"class":94},[84,64991,4137],{"class":90},[84,64993,425],{"class":102},[84,64995,35722],{"class":121},[84,64997,103],{"class":102},[84,64999,15636],{"class":106},[84,65001,110],{"class":102},[84,65003,65004],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,65005,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,65007,65008,65010,65012,65014],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,65009,116],{"class":98},[84,65011,103],{"class":102},[84,65013,2145],{"class":121},[84,65015,110],{"class":102},[24,65017,265],{},[75,65019,65020],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,65021,65022],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65023,65024],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65025,514],{"class":106},[24,65027,65028,65029,65031],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65030,58836],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[70,65033,65035],{"id":65034},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[24,65037,65038],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[75,65040,65042],{"className":77,"code":65041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65043,65044,65076,65098,65102],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65045,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65047,36113],{"class":90},[84,65049,95],{"class":94},[84,65051,3498],{"class":102},[84,65053,854],{"class":387},[84,65055,3952],{"class":391},[84,65057,854],{"class":387},[84,65059,282],{"class":102},[84,65061,3230],{"class":387},[84,65063,3961],{"class":391},[84,65065,854],{"class":387},[84,65067,282],{"class":102},[84,65069,3230],{"class":387},[84,65071,3970],{"class":391},[84,65073,854],{"class":387},[84,65075,317],{"class":102},[84,65077,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65079,64783],{"class":90},[84,65081,95],{"class":94},[84,65083,52720],{"class":90},[84,65085,425],{"class":102},[84,65087,35722],{"class":121},[84,65089,103],{"class":102},[84,65091,854],{"class":387},[84,65093,3970],{"class":391},[84,65095,854],{"class":387},[84,65097,110],{"class":102},[84,65099,65100],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,65101,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,65103,65104,65106,65108,65110],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,65105,116],{"class":98},[84,65107,103],{"class":102},[84,65109,64810],{"class":121},[84,65111,110],{"class":102},[24,65113,265],{},[75,65115,65116],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,65117,65118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65119,65120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65121,519],{"class":106},[24,65123,65124],{},"In this list:",[33,65126,65127,65134,65141],{},[36,65128,65129,65131,65132],{},[15,65130,57701],{}," is at index ",[15,65133,279],{},[36,65135,65136,65131,65139],{},[15,65137,65138],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65140,838],{},[36,65142,65143,65131,65146],{},[15,65144,65145],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65147,568],{},[24,65149,53522,65150,2279,65153,425],{},[15,65151,65152],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65154,568],{},[24,65156,51412,65157,425],{},[419,65158,65160],{"href":65159},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[70,65162,65164],{"id":65163},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[24,65166,65167,65168,65170],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65169,58836],{}," returns the first match only.",[75,65172,65174],{"className":77,"code":65173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65175,65176,65216,65220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65177,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65179,12959],{"class":90},[84,65181,95],{"class":94},[84,65183,3498],{"class":102},[84,65185,854],{"class":387},[84,65187,12976],{"class":391},[84,65189,854],{"class":387},[84,65191,282],{"class":102},[84,65193,3230],{"class":387},[84,65195,12993],{"class":391},[84,65197,854],{"class":387},[84,65199,282],{"class":102},[84,65201,3230],{"class":387},[84,65203,12976],{"class":391},[84,65205,854],{"class":387},[84,65207,282],{"class":102},[84,65209,3230],{"class":387},[84,65211,17338],{"class":391},[84,65213,854],{"class":387},[84,65215,317],{"class":102},[84,65217,65218],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65219,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,65221,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,65223,116],{"class":98},[84,65225,103],{"class":102},[84,65227,17385],{"class":121},[84,65229,425],{"class":102},[84,65231,35722],{"class":121},[84,65233,103],{"class":102},[84,65235,854],{"class":387},[84,65237,12976],{"class":391},[84,65239,854],{"class":387},[84,65241,232],{"class":102},[24,65243,265],{},[75,65245,65246],{"className":77,"code":509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,65247,65248],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65249,65250],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65251,509],{"class":106},[24,65253,20861,65254,65257,65258,65260],{},[15,65255,65256],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65259,279],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[24,65262,65263,65264,425],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[419,65265,55388,65266,10620],{"href":58895},[15,65267,57158],{},[70,65269,1442,65271,28,65273],{"id":65270},"using-start-and-end",[15,65272,35949],{},[15,65274,52529],{},[24,65276,65277,65278,28,65280,65282],{},"The optional ",[15,65279,35949],{},[15,65281,52529],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[75,65284,65286],{"className":77,"code":65285,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65287,65288,65336,65340,65365,65394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65289,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65291,35967],{"class":90},[84,65293,95],{"class":94},[84,65295,3498],{"class":102},[84,65297,854],{"class":387},[84,65299,419],{"class":391},[84,65301,854],{"class":387},[84,65303,282],{"class":102},[84,65305,3230],{"class":387},[84,65307,4634],{"class":391},[84,65309,854],{"class":387},[84,65311,282],{"class":102},[84,65313,3230],{"class":387},[84,65315,9619],{"class":391},[84,65317,854],{"class":387},[84,65319,282],{"class":102},[84,65321,3230],{"class":387},[84,65323,4634],{"class":391},[84,65325,854],{"class":387},[84,65327,282],{"class":102},[84,65329,3230],{"class":387},[84,65331,18651],{"class":391},[84,65333,854],{"class":387},[84,65335,317],{"class":102},[84,65337,65338],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65339,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,65341,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,65343,116],{"class":98},[84,65345,103],{"class":102},[84,65347,36019],{"class":121},[84,65349,425],{"class":102},[84,65351,35722],{"class":121},[84,65353,103],{"class":102},[84,65355,854],{"class":387},[84,65357,4634],{"class":391},[84,65359,854],{"class":387},[84,65361,147],{"class":102},[84,65363,65364],{"class":128},"        # first match\n",[84,65366,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,65368,116],{"class":98},[84,65370,103],{"class":102},[84,65372,36019],{"class":121},[84,65374,425],{"class":102},[84,65376,35722],{"class":121},[84,65378,103],{"class":102},[84,65380,854],{"class":387},[84,65382,4634],{"class":391},[84,65384,854],{"class":387},[84,65386,282],{"class":102},[84,65388,304],{"class":106},[84,65390,147],{"class":102},[84,65392,65393],{"class":128},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[84,65395,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,65397,116],{"class":98},[84,65399,103],{"class":102},[84,65401,36019],{"class":121},[84,65403,425],{"class":102},[84,65405,35722],{"class":121},[84,65407,103],{"class":102},[84,65409,854],{"class":387},[84,65411,4634],{"class":391},[84,65413,854],{"class":387},[84,65415,282],{"class":102},[84,65417,299],{"class":106},[84,65419,282],{"class":102},[84,65421,314],{"class":106},[84,65423,147],{"class":102},[84,65425,65426],{"class":128},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[24,65428,265],{},[75,65430,65432],{"className":77,"code":65431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65433,65434,65438,65442],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65435,65436],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65437,514],{"class":106},[84,65439,65440],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65441,524],{"class":106},[84,65443,65444],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,65445,514],{"class":106},[24,65447,65448],{},"How this works:",[33,65450,65451,65463,65476],{},[36,65452,65453,65456,65457,65460,65461],{},[15,65454,65455],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65458,65459],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65462,838],{},[36,65464,65465,65468,65469,65471,65472,65460,65474],{},[15,65466,65467],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65470,568],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65473,65459],{},[15,65475,1162],{},[36,65477,65478,65481,65482,1263,65484,16954,65486],{},[15,65479,65480],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65483,838],{},[15,65485,568],{},[15,65487,1162],{},[24,65489,65490],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[70,65492,65494],{"id":65493},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[24,65496,65497,65498,425],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65499,40575],{},[24,65501,190],{},[75,65503,65505],{"className":77,"code":65504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65506,65507,65539],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65508,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65510,7656],{"class":90},[84,65512,95],{"class":94},[84,65514,3498],{"class":102},[84,65516,854],{"class":387},[84,65518,3952],{"class":391},[84,65520,854],{"class":387},[84,65522,282],{"class":102},[84,65524,3230],{"class":387},[84,65526,3961],{"class":391},[84,65528,854],{"class":387},[84,65530,282],{"class":102},[84,65532,3230],{"class":387},[84,65534,3970],{"class":391},[84,65536,854],{"class":387},[84,65538,317],{"class":102},[84,65540,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65542,116],{"class":98},[84,65544,103],{"class":102},[84,65546,7687],{"class":121},[84,65548,425],{"class":102},[84,65550,35722],{"class":121},[84,65552,103],{"class":102},[84,65554,854],{"class":387},[84,65556,33098],{"class":391},[84,65558,854],{"class":387},[84,65560,232],{"class":102},[24,65562,39524,65563,65566],{},[15,65564,65565],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[24,65568,65569],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[75,65571,65573],{"className":77,"code":65572,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65574,65575,65607,65620,65624,65637,65656,65662],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65576,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65578,7656],{"class":90},[84,65580,95],{"class":94},[84,65582,3498],{"class":102},[84,65584,854],{"class":387},[84,65586,3952],{"class":391},[84,65588,854],{"class":387},[84,65590,282],{"class":102},[84,65592,3230],{"class":387},[84,65594,3961],{"class":391},[84,65596,854],{"class":387},[84,65598,282],{"class":102},[84,65600,3230],{"class":387},[84,65602,3970],{"class":391},[84,65604,854],{"class":387},[84,65606,317],{"class":102},[84,65608,65609,65612,65614,65616,65618],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65610,65611],{"class":90},"search_value ",[84,65613,95],{"class":94},[84,65615,3230],{"class":387},[84,65617,33098],{"class":391},[84,65619,3236],{"class":387},[84,65621,65622],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,65623,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,65625,65626,65628,65631,65633,65635],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,65627,6872],{"class":470},[84,65629,65630],{"class":90}," search_value ",[84,65632,476],{"class":94},[84,65634,5839],{"class":90},[84,65636,6266],{"class":102},[84,65638,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65654],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,65640,490],{"class":98},[84,65642,103],{"class":102},[84,65644,7687],{"class":121},[84,65646,425],{"class":102},[84,65648,35722],{"class":121},[84,65650,103],{"class":102},[84,65652,65653],{"class":121},"search_value",[84,65655,232],{"class":102},[84,65657,65658,65660],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,65659,27310],{"class":470},[84,65661,6266],{"class":102},[84,65663,65664,65666,65668,65670,65673,65675],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,65665,490],{"class":98},[84,65667,103],{"class":102},[84,65669,854],{"class":387},[84,65671,65672],{"class":391},"Item not found",[84,65674,854],{"class":387},[84,65676,110],{"class":102},[24,65678,265],{},[75,65680,65682],{"className":77,"code":65681,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Item not found\n",[15,65683,65684],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65685,65686,65689,65691],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65687,65688],{"class":90},"Item ",[84,65690,1367],{"class":94},[84,65692,65693],{"class":90}," found\n",[24,65695,65696],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[24,65698,65699,65700,425],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[419,65701,65703],{"href":65702},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[70,65705,4393],{"id":4392},[24,65707,21094,65708,881],{},[15,65709,64729],{},[33,65711,65712,65730,65742,65802],{},[36,65713,25651,65714,2279,65716,65719,65720,65722,65723,5034,65725,65727,65728,425],{},[15,65715,58836],{},[15,65717,65718],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9726,65721],{},"\nPython does ",[42,65724,1367],{},[15,65726,65718],{},". It raises ",[15,65729,40575],{},[36,65731,65732,65733,65735,65738,65739,65741],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9726,65734],{},[15,65736,65737],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65740,65138],{},", not the value itself.",[36,65743,1442,65744,1686,65747,65749,65751,65752,16538,65754,65777,16526,65779],{},[15,65745,65746],{},"index[]",[15,65748,58836],{},[9726,65750],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9726,65753],{},[75,65755,65757],{"className":77,"code":65756,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65758,65759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65760,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65762,7687],{"class":90},[84,65764,425],{"class":102},[84,65766,35722],{"class":121},[84,65768,103],{"class":102},[84,65770,854],{"class":387},[84,65772,3961],{"class":391},[84,65774,854],{"class":387},[84,65776,110],{"class":102},[9726,65778],{},[75,65780,65782],{"className":77,"code":65781,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65783,65784],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65785,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65787,7687],{"class":90},[84,65789,425],{"class":102},[84,65791,35722],{"class":24629},[84,65793,292],{"class":102},[84,65795,854],{"class":387},[84,65797,3961],{"class":391},[84,65799,854],{"class":387},[84,65801,317],{"class":102},[36,65803,65804,65805,65807,28,65810,65812,65813],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9726,65806],{},[15,65808,65809],{},"\"3\"",[15,65811,1162],{}," are different values in Python.",[75,65814,65816],{"className":77,"code":65815,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65817,65818,65838],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65819,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65821,91],{"class":90},[84,65823,95],{"class":94},[84,65825,3498],{"class":102},[84,65827,838],{"class":106},[84,65829,282],{"class":102},[84,65831,304],{"class":106},[84,65833,282],{"class":102},[84,65835,309],{"class":106},[84,65837,317],{"class":102},[84,65839,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65841,116],{"class":98},[84,65843,103],{"class":102},[84,65845,854],{"class":387},[84,65847,1162],{"class":391},[84,65849,854],{"class":387},[84,65851,620],{"class":470},[84,65853,4137],{"class":121},[84,65855,125],{"class":102},[84,65857,4645],{"class":128},[24,65859,65860],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[75,65862,65864],{"className":77,"code":65863,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65865,65866,65876,65890,65904],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65867,65868,65870,65872,65874],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65869,116],{"class":98},[84,65871,103],{"class":102},[84,65873,8216],{"class":121},[84,65875,110],{"class":102},[84,65877,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,65879,116],{"class":98},[84,65881,103],{"class":102},[84,65883,334],{"class":139},[84,65885,103],{"class":102},[84,65887,65653],{"class":121},[84,65889,232],{"class":102},[84,65891,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,65893,116],{"class":98},[84,65895,103],{"class":102},[84,65897,65611],{"class":121},[84,65899,476],{"class":470},[84,65901,8272],{"class":121},[84,65903,110],{"class":102},[84,65905,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,65907,116],{"class":98},[84,65909,103],{"class":102},[84,65911,8216],{"class":121},[84,65913,425],{"class":102},[84,65915,35722],{"class":121},[84,65917,103],{"class":102},[84,65919,65653],{"class":121},[84,65921,232],{"class":102},[24,65923,65924],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[24,65926,65927],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[33,65929,65930,65933,65940,65946],{},[36,65931,65932],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[36,65934,65935,65936,1686,65938],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65937,65809],{},[15,65939,1162],{},[36,65941,65942,65943,65945],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65944,58836],{}," returns only the first one",[36,65947,65948],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[70,65950,792,65952],{"id":65951},"when-to-use-index",[15,65953,58836],{},[24,65955,153,65956,799],{},[15,65957,58836],{},[33,65959,65960,65963,65966],{},[36,65961,65962],{},"You need the position of a known value",[36,65964,65965],{},"You are working with a small list",[36,65967,65968],{},"You only need the first matching position",[24,65970,65971],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[70,65973,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,65975,5016,65977,5019],{"id":65976},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65978,64729],{},[24,65980,65981],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1667,65983,12586,65985,5034,65987,65989],{"id":65984},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65986,64729],{},[15,65988,65718],{}," if the value is not found?",[24,65991,65992,65993,6505],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65994,40575],{},[1667,65996,5043,65998,66000],{"id":65997},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65999,64729],{}," find all matching items?",[24,66002,66003],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1667,66005,66007,66008,1689],{"id":66006},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66009,58836],{},[24,66011,66012,66013,28,66015,66017],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66014,35949],{},[15,66016,52529],{}," arguments.",[70,66019,1777],{"id":1776},[33,66021,66022,66026,66030,66034],{},[36,66023,66024],{},[419,66025,58824],{"href":65159},[36,66027,66028],{},[419,66029,52640],{"href":54438},[36,66031,66032],{},[419,66033,65703],{"href":65702},[36,66035,66036],{},[419,66037,55388,66038,10620],{"href":58895},[15,66039,57158],{},[1814,66041,66042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":66044},[66045,66046,66048,66049,66050,66051,66052,66054,66055,66056,66058,66068],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":64826,"depth":113,"text":66047},"What list.index() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":37889,"depth":113,"text":37890},{"id":65034,"depth":113,"text":65035},{"id":65163,"depth":113,"text":65164},{"id":65270,"depth":113,"text":66053},"Using start and end",{"id":65493,"depth":113,"text":65494},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393},{"id":65951,"depth":113,"text":66057},"When to use index()",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":66059},[66060,66062,66064,66066],{"id":65976,"depth":132,"text":66061},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65984,"depth":132,"text":66063},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65997,"depth":132,"text":66065},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66006,"depth":132,"text":66067},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64717,"description":66069},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66076,"title":66077,"body":66078,"description":68020,"extension":1845,"meta":68021,"navigation":237,"path":68022,"seo":68023,"stem":68024,"__hash__":68025},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66079,"toc":67980},[66080,66085,66090,66093,66102,66159,66165,66170,66174,66188,66194,66196,66219,66236,66238,66299,66301,66333,66346,66348,66351,66451,66453,66531,66537,66541,66549,66553,66559,66614,66616,66640,66644,66647,66700,66702,66726,66730,66733,66786,66788,66812,66816,66822,66893,66895,66936,66942,66949,66952,66957,66965,66970,66978,66980,67077,67079,67148,67155,67160,67162,67166,67171,67173,67244,67246,67275,67281,67283,67310,67313,67336,67340,67343,67365,67368,67391,67393,67453,67455,67487,67493,67498,67551,67553,67578,67581,67630,67632,67653,67657,67662,67665,67720,67722,67749,67756,67760,67765,67836,67839,67853,67858,67863,67865,67879,67891,67896,67898,67903,67908,67912,67915,67921,67927,67934,67942,67944,67977],[10,66081,54210,66083,11201],{"id":66082},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66084,54136],{},[24,66086,66087,66089],{},[15,66088,53780],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[24,66091,66092],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[24,66094,153,66095,66097,66098,425],{},[15,66096,54136],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[419,66099,55388,66100,10620],{"href":56636},[15,66101,1099],{},[75,66103,66105],{"className":77,"code":66104,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66106,66107,66127,66145,66155],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66108,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66110,91],{"class":90},[84,66112,95],{"class":94},[84,66114,3498],{"class":102},[84,66116,838],{"class":106},[84,66118,282],{"class":102},[84,66120,304],{"class":106},[84,66122,282],{"class":102},[84,66124,314],{"class":106},[84,66126,317],{"class":102},[84,66128,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66130,122],{"class":90},[84,66132,425],{"class":102},[84,66134,53820],{"class":121},[84,66136,103],{"class":102},[84,66138,568],{"class":106},[84,66140,282],{"class":102},[84,66142,309],{"class":106},[84,66144,110],{"class":102},[84,66146,66147,66149,66151,66153],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,66148,116],{"class":98},[84,66150,103],{"class":102},[84,66152,122],{"class":121},[84,66154,110],{"class":102},[84,66156,66157],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,66158,52592],{"class":128},[24,66160,153,66161,66164],{},[15,66162,66163],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[70,66166,429,66168,3554],{"id":66167},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66169,53780],{},[24,66171,66172,881],{},[15,66173,53780],{},[33,66175,66176,66179,66182,66184],{},[36,66177,66178],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[36,66180,66181],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[36,66183,54296],{},[36,66185,11303,66186],{},[15,66187,3653],{},[24,66189,66190,66191,66193],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66192,54136],{}," does not create a new list.",[70,66195,5305],{"id":5304},[75,66197,66199],{"className":77,"code":66198,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66200,66201],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66202,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66204,8216],{"class":90},[84,66206,425],{"class":102},[84,66208,53820],{"class":121},[84,66210,103],{"class":102},[84,66212,35722],{"class":121},[84,66214,282],{"class":102},[84,66216,29384],{"class":121},[84,66218,110],{"class":102},[33,66220,66221,66226,66231],{},[36,66222,66223,66225],{},[15,66224,35722],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[36,66227,66228,66230],{},[15,66229,23191],{}," is the value to add",[36,66232,66233,66234],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66235,279],{},[24,66237,190],{},[75,66239,66241],{"className":77,"code":66240,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66242,66243,66267,66289],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66244,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66246,35967],{"class":90},[84,66248,95],{"class":94},[84,66250,3498],{"class":102},[84,66252,854],{"class":387},[84,66254,419],{"class":391},[84,66256,854],{"class":387},[84,66258,282],{"class":102},[84,66260,3230],{"class":387},[84,66262,9619],{"class":391},[84,66264,854],{"class":387},[84,66266,317],{"class":102},[84,66268,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66270,36019],{"class":90},[84,66272,425],{"class":102},[84,66274,53820],{"class":121},[84,66276,103],{"class":102},[84,66278,838],{"class":106},[84,66280,282],{"class":102},[84,66282,3230],{"class":387},[84,66284,4634],{"class":391},[84,66286,854],{"class":387},[84,66288,110],{"class":102},[84,66290,66291,66293,66295,66297],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,66292,116],{"class":98},[84,66294,103],{"class":102},[84,66296,36019],{"class":121},[84,66298,110],{"class":102},[24,66300,265],{},[75,66302,66303],{"className":77,"code":42747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,66304,66305],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66306,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66308,292],{"class":102},[84,66310,394],{"class":387},[84,66312,419],{"class":391},[84,66314,394],{"class":387},[84,66316,282],{"class":102},[84,66318,388],{"class":387},[84,66320,4634],{"class":391},[84,66322,394],{"class":387},[84,66324,282],{"class":102},[84,66326,388],{"class":387},[84,66328,9619],{"class":391},[84,66330,394],{"class":387},[84,66332,317],{"class":102},[24,66334,532,66335,66337,66338,66340,66341,28,66343,425],{},[15,66336,65459],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66339,838],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66342,17979],{},[15,66344,66345],{},"\"c\"",[70,66347,5661],{"id":5660},[24,66349,66350],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[75,66352,66354],{"className":77,"code":66353,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66355,66356,66388,66406,66410,66432],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66357,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66359,12959],{"class":90},[84,66361,95],{"class":94},[84,66363,3498],{"class":102},[84,66365,854],{"class":387},[84,66367,12976],{"class":391},[84,66369,854],{"class":387},[84,66371,282],{"class":102},[84,66373,3230],{"class":387},[84,66375,12993],{"class":391},[84,66377,854],{"class":387},[84,66379,282],{"class":102},[84,66381,3230],{"class":387},[84,66383,17338],{"class":391},[84,66385,854],{"class":387},[84,66387,317],{"class":102},[84,66389,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66391,116],{"class":98},[84,66393,103],{"class":102},[84,66395,854],{"class":387},[84,66397,11444],{"class":391},[84,66399,854],{"class":387},[84,66401,282],{"class":102},[84,66403,13007],{"class":121},[84,66405,110],{"class":102},[84,66407,66408],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,66409,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,66411,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,66413,17385],{"class":90},[84,66415,425],{"class":102},[84,66417,53820],{"class":121},[84,66419,103],{"class":102},[84,66421,838],{"class":106},[84,66423,282],{"class":102},[84,66425,3230],{"class":387},[84,66427,22405],{"class":391},[84,66429,854],{"class":387},[84,66431,110],{"class":102},[84,66433,66434,66436,66438,66440,66443,66445,66447,66449],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,66435,116],{"class":98},[84,66437,103],{"class":102},[84,66439,854],{"class":387},[84,66441,66442],{"class":391},"After: ",[84,66444,854],{"class":387},[84,66446,282],{"class":102},[84,66448,13007],{"class":121},[84,66450,110],{"class":102},[24,66452,265],{},[75,66454,66456],{"className":77,"code":66455,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66457,66458,66490],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66459,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66461,11504],{"class":90},[84,66463,881],{"class":102},[84,66465,3498],{"class":102},[84,66467,394],{"class":387},[84,66469,12976],{"class":391},[84,66471,394],{"class":387},[84,66473,282],{"class":102},[84,66475,388],{"class":387},[84,66477,12993],{"class":391},[84,66479,394],{"class":387},[84,66481,282],{"class":102},[84,66483,388],{"class":387},[84,66485,17338],{"class":391},[84,66487,394],{"class":387},[84,66489,317],{"class":102},[84,66491,66492,66494,66496,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66493,11557],{"class":90},[84,66495,881],{"class":102},[84,66497,66498],{"class":102},"  [",[84,66500,394],{"class":387},[84,66502,12976],{"class":391},[84,66504,394],{"class":387},[84,66506,282],{"class":102},[84,66508,388],{"class":387},[84,66510,22405],{"class":391},[84,66512,394],{"class":387},[84,66514,282],{"class":102},[84,66516,388],{"class":387},[84,66518,12993],{"class":391},[84,66520,394],{"class":387},[84,66522,282],{"class":102},[84,66524,388],{"class":387},[84,66526,17338],{"class":391},[84,66528,394],{"class":387},[84,66530,317],{"class":102},[24,66532,66533,66534,66536],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66535,838],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[70,66538,66540],{"id":66539},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[24,66542,1862,66543,35207,66545,66548],{},[15,66544,35722],{},[15,66546,66547],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1667,66550,66552],{"id":66551},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[24,66554,66555,66556,66558],{},"Use index ",[15,66557,279],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[75,66560,66562],{"className":77,"code":66561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66563,66564,66585,66604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66565,66566,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66567,66568],{"class":90},"nums ",[84,66570,95],{"class":94},[84,66572,3498],{"class":102},[84,66574,568],{"class":106},[84,66576,282],{"class":102},[84,66578,309],{"class":106},[84,66580,282],{"class":102},[84,66582,314],{"class":106},[84,66584,317],{"class":102},[84,66586,66587,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66588,66589],{"class":90},"nums",[84,66591,425],{"class":102},[84,66593,53820],{"class":121},[84,66595,103],{"class":102},[84,66597,279],{"class":106},[84,66599,282],{"class":102},[84,66601,299],{"class":106},[84,66603,110],{"class":102},[84,66605,66606,66608,66610,66612],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,66607,116],{"class":98},[84,66609,103],{"class":102},[84,66611,66589],{"class":121},[84,66613,110],{"class":102},[24,66615,265],{},[75,66617,66618],{"className":77,"code":53374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,66619,66620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66621,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66623,292],{"class":102},[84,66625,838],{"class":106},[84,66627,282],{"class":102},[84,66629,304],{"class":106},[84,66631,282],{"class":102},[84,66633,309],{"class":106},[84,66635,282],{"class":102},[84,66637,314],{"class":106},[84,66639,317],{"class":102},[1667,66641,66643],{"id":66642},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[24,66645,66646],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[75,66648,66650],{"className":77,"code":66649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66651,66652,66672,66690],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66653,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66655,66568],{"class":90},[84,66657,95],{"class":94},[84,66659,3498],{"class":102},[84,66661,838],{"class":106},[84,66663,282],{"class":102},[84,66665,304],{"class":106},[84,66667,282],{"class":102},[84,66669,314],{"class":106},[84,66671,317],{"class":102},[84,66673,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66675,66589],{"class":90},[84,66677,425],{"class":102},[84,66679,53820],{"class":121},[84,66681,103],{"class":102},[84,66683,568],{"class":106},[84,66685,282],{"class":102},[84,66687,309],{"class":106},[84,66689,110],{"class":102},[84,66691,66692,66694,66696,66698],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,66693,116],{"class":98},[84,66695,103],{"class":102},[84,66697,66589],{"class":121},[84,66699,110],{"class":102},[24,66701,265],{},[75,66703,66704],{"className":77,"code":53374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,66705,66706],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66707,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66709,292],{"class":102},[84,66711,838],{"class":106},[84,66713,282],{"class":102},[84,66715,304],{"class":106},[84,66717,282],{"class":102},[84,66719,309],{"class":106},[84,66721,282],{"class":102},[84,66723,314],{"class":106},[84,66725,317],{"class":102},[1667,66727,66729],{"id":66728},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[24,66731,66732],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[75,66734,66736],{"className":77,"code":66735,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66737,66738,66758,66776],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66739,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66741,66568],{"class":90},[84,66743,95],{"class":94},[84,66745,3498],{"class":102},[84,66747,838],{"class":106},[84,66749,282],{"class":102},[84,66751,304],{"class":106},[84,66753,282],{"class":102},[84,66755,309],{"class":106},[84,66757,317],{"class":102},[84,66759,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66761,66589],{"class":90},[84,66763,425],{"class":102},[84,66765,53820],{"class":121},[84,66767,103],{"class":102},[84,66769,2212],{"class":106},[84,66771,282],{"class":102},[84,66773,314],{"class":106},[84,66775,110],{"class":102},[84,66777,66778,66780,66782,66784],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,66779,116],{"class":98},[84,66781,103],{"class":102},[84,66783,66589],{"class":121},[84,66785,110],{"class":102},[24,66787,265],{},[75,66789,66790],{"className":77,"code":53374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,66791,66792],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66793,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66795,292],{"class":102},[84,66797,838],{"class":106},[84,66799,282],{"class":102},[84,66801,304],{"class":106},[84,66803,282],{"class":102},[84,66805,309],{"class":106},[84,66807,282],{"class":102},[84,66809,314],{"class":106},[84,66811,317],{"class":102},[1667,66813,66815],{"id":66814},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[24,66817,66818,66819,66821],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66820,54136],{}," places the item before that position.",[75,66823,66825],{"className":77,"code":66824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66826,66827,66859,66883],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66828,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66830,35967],{"class":90},[84,66832,95],{"class":94},[84,66834,3498],{"class":102},[84,66836,854],{"class":387},[84,66838,419],{"class":391},[84,66840,854],{"class":387},[84,66842,282],{"class":102},[84,66844,3230],{"class":387},[84,66846,4634],{"class":391},[84,66848,854],{"class":387},[84,66850,282],{"class":102},[84,66852,3230],{"class":387},[84,66854,18651],{"class":391},[84,66856,854],{"class":387},[84,66858,317],{"class":102},[84,66860,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,66862,36019],{"class":90},[84,66864,425],{"class":102},[84,66866,53820],{"class":121},[84,66868,103],{"class":102},[84,66870,1906],{"class":94},[84,66872,838],{"class":106},[84,66874,282],{"class":102},[84,66876,3230],{"class":387},[84,66878,9619],{"class":391},[84,66880,854],{"class":387},[84,66882,110],{"class":102},[84,66884,66885,66887,66889,66891],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,66886,116],{"class":98},[84,66888,103],{"class":102},[84,66890,36019],{"class":121},[84,66892,110],{"class":102},[24,66894,265],{},[75,66896,66898],{"className":77,"code":66897,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66899,66900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66901,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66903,292],{"class":102},[84,66905,394],{"class":387},[84,66907,419],{"class":391},[84,66909,394],{"class":387},[84,66911,282],{"class":102},[84,66913,388],{"class":387},[84,66915,4634],{"class":391},[84,66917,394],{"class":387},[84,66919,282],{"class":102},[84,66921,388],{"class":387},[84,66923,9619],{"class":391},[84,66925,394],{"class":387},[84,66927,282],{"class":102},[84,66929,388],{"class":387},[84,66931,18651],{"class":391},[84,66933,394],{"class":387},[84,66935,317],{"class":102},[24,66937,66938,66939,2185],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[419,66940,66941],{"href":50848},"Python lists beginner guide",[70,66943,66945,18,66947],{"id":66944},"insert-vs-append",[15,66946,54136],{},[15,66948,1099],{},[24,66950,66951],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1667,66953,153,66955,799],{"id":66954},"use-insert-when",[15,66956,54136],{},[33,66958,66959,66962],{},[36,66960,66961],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[36,66963,66964],{},"The order of the list matters",[1667,66966,153,66968,799],{"id":66967},"use-append-when",[15,66969,1099],{},[33,66971,66972,66975],{},[36,66973,66974],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[36,66976,66977],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[24,66979,190],{},[75,66981,66983],{"className":77,"code":66982,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66984,66985,67009,67013,67035,67045,67049,67067],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66986,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66988,7656],{"class":90},[84,66990,95],{"class":94},[84,66992,3498],{"class":102},[84,66994,854],{"class":387},[84,66996,3952],{"class":391},[84,66998,854],{"class":387},[84,67000,282],{"class":102},[84,67002,3230],{"class":387},[84,67004,33098],{"class":391},[84,67006,854],{"class":387},[84,67008,317],{"class":102},[84,67010,67011],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67012,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,67014,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,67016,7687],{"class":90},[84,67018,425],{"class":102},[84,67020,53820],{"class":121},[84,67022,103],{"class":102},[84,67024,838],{"class":106},[84,67026,282],{"class":102},[84,67028,3230],{"class":387},[84,67030,3961],{"class":391},[84,67032,854],{"class":387},[84,67034,110],{"class":102},[84,67036,67037,67039,67041,67043],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,67038,116],{"class":98},[84,67040,103],{"class":102},[84,67042,7687],{"class":121},[84,67044,110],{"class":102},[84,67046,67047],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,67048,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,67050,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,67052,7687],{"class":90},[84,67054,425],{"class":102},[84,67056,998],{"class":121},[84,67058,103],{"class":102},[84,67060,854],{"class":387},[84,67062,22414],{"class":391},[84,67064,854],{"class":387},[84,67066,110],{"class":102},[84,67068,67069,67071,67073,67075],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,67070,116],{"class":98},[84,67072,103],{"class":102},[84,67074,7687],{"class":121},[84,67076,110],{"class":102},[24,67078,265],{},[75,67080,67082],{"className":77,"code":67081,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67083,67084,67112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67085,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67087,292],{"class":102},[84,67089,394],{"class":387},[84,67091,3952],{"class":391},[84,67093,394],{"class":387},[84,67095,282],{"class":102},[84,67097,388],{"class":387},[84,67099,3961],{"class":391},[84,67101,394],{"class":387},[84,67103,282],{"class":102},[84,67105,388],{"class":387},[84,67107,33098],{"class":391},[84,67109,394],{"class":387},[84,67111,317],{"class":102},[84,67113,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67115,292],{"class":102},[84,67117,394],{"class":387},[84,67119,3952],{"class":391},[84,67121,394],{"class":387},[84,67123,282],{"class":102},[84,67125,388],{"class":387},[84,67127,3961],{"class":391},[84,67129,394],{"class":387},[84,67131,282],{"class":102},[84,67133,388],{"class":387},[84,67135,33098],{"class":391},[84,67137,394],{"class":387},[84,67139,282],{"class":102},[84,67141,388],{"class":387},[84,67143,22414],{"class":391},[84,67145,394],{"class":387},[84,67147,317],{"class":102},[24,67149,67150,67151,425],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[419,67152,55388,67153,10620],{"href":56636},[15,67154,1099],{},[24,67156,67157,67158,425],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[419,67159,52918],{"href":52917},[70,67161,4393],{"id":4392},[24,67163,14617,67164,425],{},[15,67165,54136],{},[1667,67167,12476,67169],{"id":67168},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67170,54136],{},[24,67172,25567],{},[75,67174,67176],{"className":77,"code":67175,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67177,67178,67198,67220,67224,67234],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67179,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67181,91],{"class":90},[84,67183,95],{"class":94},[84,67185,3498],{"class":102},[84,67187,838],{"class":106},[84,67189,282],{"class":102},[84,67191,304],{"class":106},[84,67193,282],{"class":102},[84,67195,309],{"class":106},[84,67197,317],{"class":102},[84,67199,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67201,2110],{"class":90},[84,67203,95],{"class":94},[84,67205,4137],{"class":90},[84,67207,425],{"class":102},[84,67209,53820],{"class":121},[84,67211,103],{"class":102},[84,67213,838],{"class":106},[84,67215,282],{"class":102},[84,67217,10077],{"class":106},[84,67219,110],{"class":102},[84,67221,67222],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,67223,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,67225,67226,67228,67230,67232],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,67227,116],{"class":98},[84,67229,103],{"class":102},[84,67231,2145],{"class":121},[84,67233,110],{"class":102},[84,67235,67236,67238,67240,67242],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,67237,116],{"class":98},[84,67239,103],{"class":102},[84,67241,122],{"class":121},[84,67243,110],{"class":102},[24,67245,265],{},[75,67247,67249],{"className":77,"code":67248,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67250,67251,67255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67252,67253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67254,11689],{"class":659},[84,67256,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67258,292],{"class":102},[84,67260,838],{"class":106},[84,67262,282],{"class":102},[84,67264,10077],{"class":106},[84,67266,282],{"class":102},[84,67268,304],{"class":106},[84,67270,282],{"class":102},[84,67272,309],{"class":106},[84,67274,317],{"class":102},[24,67276,67277,54021,67279,425],{},[15,67278,54136],{},[15,67280,3653],{},[24,67282,16526],{},[75,67284,67286],{"className":77,"code":67285,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67287,67288],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67289,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67291,55757],{"class":90},[84,67293,95],{"class":94},[84,67295,4137],{"class":90},[84,67297,425],{"class":102},[84,67299,53820],{"class":121},[84,67301,103],{"class":102},[84,67303,838],{"class":106},[84,67305,282],{"class":102},[84,67307,10077],{"class":106},[84,67309,110],{"class":102},[24,67311,67312],{},"Right:",[75,67314,67316],{"className":77,"code":67315,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67317,67318],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67319,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67321,122],{"class":90},[84,67323,425],{"class":102},[84,67325,53820],{"class":121},[84,67327,103],{"class":102},[84,67329,838],{"class":106},[84,67331,282],{"class":102},[84,67333,10077],{"class":106},[84,67335,110],{"class":102},[1667,67337,67339],{"id":67338},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[24,67341,67342],{},"The correct order is:",[75,67344,67345],{"className":77,"code":66198,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,67346,67347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67348,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67350,8216],{"class":90},[84,67352,425],{"class":102},[84,67354,53820],{"class":121},[84,67356,103],{"class":102},[84,67358,35722],{"class":121},[84,67360,282],{"class":102},[84,67362,29384],{"class":121},[84,67364,110],{"class":102},[24,67366,67367],{},"Not:",[75,67369,67371],{"className":77,"code":67370,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67372,67373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67374,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67376,8216],{"class":90},[84,67378,425],{"class":102},[84,67380,53820],{"class":121},[84,67382,103],{"class":102},[84,67384,23191],{"class":121},[84,67386,282],{"class":102},[84,67388,35697],{"class":121},[84,67390,110],{"class":102},[24,67392,190],{},[75,67394,67395],{"className":77,"code":66240,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,67396,67397,67421,67443],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67398,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67400,35967],{"class":90},[84,67402,95],{"class":94},[84,67404,3498],{"class":102},[84,67406,854],{"class":387},[84,67408,419],{"class":391},[84,67410,854],{"class":387},[84,67412,282],{"class":102},[84,67414,3230],{"class":387},[84,67416,9619],{"class":391},[84,67418,854],{"class":387},[84,67420,317],{"class":102},[84,67422,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67424,36019],{"class":90},[84,67426,425],{"class":102},[84,67428,53820],{"class":121},[84,67430,103],{"class":102},[84,67432,838],{"class":106},[84,67434,282],{"class":102},[84,67436,3230],{"class":387},[84,67438,4634],{"class":391},[84,67440,854],{"class":387},[84,67442,110],{"class":102},[84,67444,67445,67447,67449,67451],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,67446,116],{"class":98},[84,67448,103],{"class":102},[84,67450,36019],{"class":121},[84,67452,110],{"class":102},[24,67454,265],{},[75,67456,67457],{"className":77,"code":42747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,67458,67459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67460,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67462,292],{"class":102},[84,67464,394],{"class":387},[84,67466,419],{"class":391},[84,67468,394],{"class":387},[84,67470,282],{"class":102},[84,67472,388],{"class":387},[84,67474,4634],{"class":391},[84,67476,394],{"class":387},[84,67478,282],{"class":102},[84,67480,388],{"class":387},[84,67482,9619],{"class":391},[84,67484,394],{"class":387},[84,67486,317],{"class":102},[1667,67488,8329,67490,67492],{"id":67489},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67491,54136],{}," to replace an item",[24,67494,67495,67497],{},[15,67496,54136],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[75,67499,67501],{"className":77,"code":67500,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67502,67503,67523,67541],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67504,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67506,91],{"class":90},[84,67508,95],{"class":94},[84,67510,3498],{"class":102},[84,67512,838],{"class":106},[84,67514,282],{"class":102},[84,67516,304],{"class":106},[84,67518,282],{"class":102},[84,67520,309],{"class":106},[84,67522,317],{"class":102},[84,67524,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67526,122],{"class":90},[84,67528,425],{"class":102},[84,67530,53820],{"class":121},[84,67532,103],{"class":102},[84,67534,838],{"class":106},[84,67536,282],{"class":102},[84,67538,10077],{"class":106},[84,67540,110],{"class":102},[84,67542,67543,67545,67547,67549],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,67544,116],{"class":98},[84,67546,103],{"class":102},[84,67548,122],{"class":121},[84,67550,110],{"class":102},[24,67552,265],{},[75,67554,67556],{"className":77,"code":67555,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67557,67558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67559,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67561,292],{"class":102},[84,67563,838],{"class":106},[84,67565,282],{"class":102},[84,67567,10077],{"class":106},[84,67569,282],{"class":102},[84,67571,304],{"class":106},[84,67573,282],{"class":102},[84,67575,309],{"class":106},[84,67577,317],{"class":102},[24,67579,67580],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[75,67582,67584],{"className":77,"code":67583,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67585,67586,67606,67620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67587,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67589,91],{"class":90},[84,67591,95],{"class":94},[84,67593,3498],{"class":102},[84,67595,838],{"class":106},[84,67597,282],{"class":102},[84,67599,304],{"class":106},[84,67601,282],{"class":102},[84,67603,309],{"class":106},[84,67605,317],{"class":102},[84,67607,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67609,122],{"class":90},[84,67611,292],{"class":102},[84,67613,838],{"class":106},[84,67615,13157],{"class":102},[84,67617,13160],{"class":94},[84,67619,14014],{"class":106},[84,67621,67622,67624,67626,67628],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,67623,116],{"class":98},[84,67625,103],{"class":102},[84,67627,122],{"class":121},[84,67629,110],{"class":102},[24,67631,265],{},[75,67633,67635],{"className":77,"code":67634,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67636,67637],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67638,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67640,292],{"class":102},[84,67642,838],{"class":106},[84,67644,282],{"class":102},[84,67646,10077],{"class":106},[84,67648,282],{"class":102},[84,67650,309],{"class":106},[84,67652,317],{"class":102},[1667,67654,67656],{"id":67655},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[24,67658,67659,67661],{},[15,67660,54136],{}," adds one item each time.",[24,67663,67664],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[75,67666,67668],{"className":77,"code":67667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67669,67670,67686,67710],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67671,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67673,91],{"class":90},[84,67675,95],{"class":94},[84,67677,3498],{"class":102},[84,67679,838],{"class":106},[84,67681,282],{"class":102},[84,67683,314],{"class":106},[84,67685,317],{"class":102},[84,67687,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67689,122],{"class":90},[84,67691,425],{"class":102},[84,67693,53820],{"class":121},[84,67695,103],{"class":102},[84,67697,838],{"class":106},[84,67699,282],{"class":102},[84,67701,3498],{"class":102},[84,67703,568],{"class":106},[84,67705,282],{"class":102},[84,67707,309],{"class":106},[84,67709,741],{"class":102},[84,67711,67712,67714,67716,67718],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,67713,116],{"class":98},[84,67715,103],{"class":102},[84,67717,122],{"class":121},[84,67719,110],{"class":102},[24,67721,265],{},[75,67723,67725],{"className":77,"code":67724,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67726,67727],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67728,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67730,292],{"class":102},[84,67732,838],{"class":106},[84,67734,282],{"class":102},[84,67736,3498],{"class":102},[84,67738,568],{"class":106},[84,67740,282],{"class":102},[84,67742,309],{"class":106},[84,67744,17945],{"class":102},[84,67746,314],{"class":106},[84,67748,317],{"class":102},[24,67750,67751,67752,425],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[419,67753,55388,67754,10620],{"href":53213},[15,67755,53315],{},[1667,67757,67759],{"id":67758},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[24,67761,8753,67762,67764],{},[15,67763,54136],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[75,67766,67768],{"className":77,"code":67767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67769,67770,67780,67794,67812,67826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67771,67772,67774,67776,67778],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67773,116],{"class":98},[84,67775,103],{"class":102},[84,67777,8216],{"class":121},[84,67779,110],{"class":102},[84,67781,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,67783,116],{"class":98},[84,67785,103],{"class":102},[84,67787,602],{"class":98},[84,67789,103],{"class":102},[84,67791,8216],{"class":121},[84,67793,232],{"class":102},[84,67795,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,67797,116],{"class":98},[84,67799,103],{"class":102},[84,67801,8216],{"class":121},[84,67803,425],{"class":102},[84,67805,53820],{"class":24629},[84,67807,425],{"class":102},[84,67809,34323],{"class":34330},[84,67811,110],{"class":102},[84,67813,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,67815,32029],{"class":98},[84,67817,103],{"class":102},[84,67819,140],{"class":139},[84,67821,425],{"class":102},[84,67823,53820],{"class":24629},[84,67825,110],{"class":102},[84,67827,67828,67830,67832,67834],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,67829,334],{"class":139},[84,67831,103],{"class":102},[84,67833,8216],{"class":121},[84,67835,110],{"class":102},[24,67837,67838],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[33,67840,67841,67844,67847,67850],{},[36,67842,67843],{},"What is currently in the list",[36,67845,67846],{},"How long the list is",[36,67848,67849],{},"That you are working with a real list",[36,67851,67852],{},"How Python describes the method",[70,67854,792,67856],{"id":67855},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67857,54136],{},[24,67859,153,67860,67862],{},[15,67861,54136],{}," when position matters.",[24,67864,36300],{},[33,67866,67867,67870,67873,67876],{},[36,67868,67869],{},"Ordered menus",[36,67871,67872],{},"Rankings or score lists",[36,67874,67875],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[36,67877,67878],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[24,67880,67881,67882,67884,67885,67887,67888,67890],{},"You usually do ",[42,67883,1367],{}," need ",[15,67886,54136],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67889,1099],{}," is simpler.",[24,67892,67893,67894,425],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[419,67895,57022],{"href":57021},[70,67897,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,67899,12586,67901,55337],{"id":67900},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67902,53780],{},[24,67904,67905,67906,425],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67907,3653],{},[1667,67909,67911],{"id":67910},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[24,67913,67914],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1667,67916,5043,67918,67920],{"id":67917},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67919,53780],{}," add multiple items?",[24,67922,67923,67924,67926],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67925,53315],{}," or slicing.",[1667,67928,5053,67930,28,67932,1689],{"id":67929},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67931,54136],{},[15,67933,1099],{},[24,67935,67936,67938,67939,67941],{},[15,67937,54136],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67940,1099],{}," adds only at the end.",[70,67943,1777],{"id":1776},[33,67945,67946,67952,67958,67962,67966,67970],{},[36,67947,67948],{},[419,67949,55388,67950,10620],{"href":56636},[15,67951,1099],{},[36,67953,67954],{},[419,67955,55388,67956,10620],{"href":53213},[15,67957,53315],{},[36,67959,67960],{},[419,67961,54146],{"href":52917},[36,67963,67964],{},[419,67965,52640],{"href":50848},[36,67967,67968],{},[419,67969,57096],{"href":57021},[36,67971,67972],{},[419,67973,30223,67974,33511],{"href":54164},[15,67975,67976],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1814,67978,67979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":67981},[67982,67984,67985,67986,67992,67999,68008,68010,68019],{"id":66167,"depth":113,"text":67983},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5304,"depth":113,"text":5305},{"id":5660,"depth":113,"text":5661},{"id":66539,"depth":113,"text":66540,"children":67987},[67988,67989,67990,67991],{"id":66551,"depth":132,"text":66552},{"id":66642,"depth":132,"text":66643},{"id":66728,"depth":132,"text":66729},{"id":66814,"depth":132,"text":66815},{"id":66944,"depth":113,"text":67993,"children":67994},"insert() vs append()",[67995,67997],{"id":66954,"depth":132,"text":67996},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66967,"depth":132,"text":67998},"Use append() when:",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":68000},[68001,68003,68004,68006,68007],{"id":67168,"depth":132,"text":68002},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67338,"depth":132,"text":67339},{"id":67489,"depth":132,"text":68005},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67655,"depth":132,"text":67656},{"id":67758,"depth":132,"text":67759},{"id":67855,"depth":113,"text":68009},"When to use insert()",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":68011},[68012,68014,68015,68017],{"id":67900,"depth":132,"text":68013},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67910,"depth":132,"text":67911},{"id":67917,"depth":132,"text":68016},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67929,"depth":132,"text":68018},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66077,"description":68020},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68027,"title":68028,"body":68029,"description":69583,"extension":1845,"meta":69584,"navigation":237,"path":58841,"seo":69585,"stem":69586,"__hash__":69587},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68030,"toc":69556},[68031,68037,68046,68095,68097,68105,68111,68113,68131,68137,68142,68145,68148,68163,68165,68217,68219,68227,68235,68242,68244,68250,68315,68317,68325,68327,68346,68349,68400,68404,68409,68436,68438,68446,68449,68518,68520,68535,68541,68545,68554,68557,68612,68614,68622,68625,68627,68672,68674,68682,68688,68690,68698,68701,68703,68742,68744,68783,68788,68790,68792,68827,68830,68832,68870,68874,68880,68882,68933,68935,68943,68950,68953,68974,68977,69032,69043,69045,69106,69108,69117,69124,69130,69133,69136,69193,69196,69209,69216,69222,69228,69230,69243,69246,69343,69345,69362,69365,69446,69448,69470,69477,69483,69485,69489,69495,69501,69506,69510,69513,69519,69526,69528,69553],[10,68032,68034,68035,125],{"id":68033},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68036,602],{},[24,68038,68039,68040,68042,68043,68045],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68041,1085],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68044,1085],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[75,68047,68049],{"className":77,"code":68048,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68050,68051,68071,68085],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68052,68053,68055,68057,68059,68061,68063,68065,68067,68069],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68054,91],{"class":90},[84,68056,95],{"class":94},[84,68058,3498],{"class":102},[84,68060,2212],{"class":106},[84,68062,282],{"class":102},[84,68064,7667],{"class":106},[84,68066,282],{"class":102},[84,68068,7672],{"class":106},[84,68070,317],{"class":102},[84,68072,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68074,41113],{"class":90},[84,68076,95],{"class":94},[84,68078,38256],{"class":98},[84,68080,103],{"class":102},[84,68082,122],{"class":121},[84,68084,110],{"class":102},[84,68086,68087,68089,68091,68093],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,68088,116],{"class":98},[84,68090,103],{"class":102},[84,68092,41131],{"class":121},[84,68094,110],{"class":102},[24,68096,265],{},[75,68098,68099],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68100,68101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68102,68103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68104,524],{"class":106},[24,68106,153,68107,68110],{},[15,68108,68109],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[70,68112,15046],{"id":15045},[33,68114,68115,68120,68125,68128],{},[36,68116,4072,68117,68119],{},[15,68118,1085],{}," works with Python lists",[36,68121,68122,68123,11586],{},"What value ",[15,68124,1085],{},[36,68126,68127],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[36,68129,68130],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[70,68132,429,68134,68136],{"id":68133},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68135,1085],{}," returns for a list",[24,68138,68139,64949],{},[15,68140,68141],{},"len(my_list)",[24,68143,68144],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[24,68146,68147],{},"A few important points:",[33,68149,68150,68153,68158],{},[36,68151,68152],{},"It counts list items",[36,68154,40777,68155,68157],{},[42,68156,1367],{}," count characters inside a string item",[36,68159,68160,68161],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68162,279],{},[24,68164,190],{},[75,68166,68168],{"className":77,"code":68167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68169,68170,68203],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68171,68172,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68173,3943],{"class":90},[84,68175,95],{"class":94},[84,68177,3498],{"class":102},[84,68179,854],{"class":387},[84,68181,36919],{"class":391},[84,68183,854],{"class":387},[84,68185,282],{"class":102},[84,68187,3230],{"class":387},[84,68189,68190],{"class":391},"elephant",[84,68192,854],{"class":387},[84,68194,282],{"class":102},[84,68196,3230],{"class":387},[84,68198,57995],{"class":391},[84,68200,854],{"class":387},[84,68202,317],{"class":102},[84,68204,68205,68207,68209,68211,68213,68215],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68206,116],{"class":98},[84,68208,103],{"class":102},[84,68210,602],{"class":98},[84,68212,103],{"class":102},[84,68214,3987],{"class":121},[84,68216,232],{"class":102},[24,68218,265],{},[75,68220,68221],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68222,68223],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68224,68225],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68226,524],{"class":106},[24,68228,20861,68229,68232,68233,64956],{},[15,68230,68231],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[42,68234,52525],{},[24,68236,68237,68238,425],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[419,68239,13,68240,424],{"href":42230},[15,68241,1085],{},[70,68243,5661],{"id":5660},[24,68245,68246,68247,68249],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68248,1085],{},", and print the result.",[75,68251,68253],{"className":77,"code":68252,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68254,68255,68287,68301,68305],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68256,68257,68259,68261,68263,68265,68267,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68258,12959],{"class":90},[84,68260,95],{"class":94},[84,68262,3498],{"class":102},[84,68264,854],{"class":387},[84,68266,12976],{"class":391},[84,68268,854],{"class":387},[84,68270,282],{"class":102},[84,68272,3230],{"class":387},[84,68274,17338],{"class":391},[84,68276,854],{"class":387},[84,68278,282],{"class":102},[84,68280,3230],{"class":387},[84,68282,12993],{"class":391},[84,68284,854],{"class":387},[84,68286,317],{"class":102},[84,68288,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68290,41113],{"class":90},[84,68292,95],{"class":94},[84,68294,38256],{"class":98},[84,68296,103],{"class":102},[84,68298,17385],{"class":121},[84,68300,110],{"class":102},[84,68302,68303],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,68304,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,68306,68307,68309,68311,68313],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,68308,116],{"class":98},[84,68310,103],{"class":102},[84,68312,41131],{"class":121},[84,68314,110],{"class":102},[24,68316,265],{},[75,68318,68319],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68320,68321],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68322,68323],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68324,524],{"class":106},[24,68326,11564],{},[33,68328,68329,68334,68341],{},[36,68330,68331,68333],{},[15,68332,17385],{}," is a list with 3 items",[36,68335,68336,2279,68339],{},[15,68337,68338],{},"len(colors)",[15,68340,1162],{},[36,68342,68343,68344],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68345,41131],{},[24,68347,68348],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[75,68350,68352],{"className":77,"code":68351,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68353,68354,68386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68355,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68357,12959],{"class":90},[84,68359,95],{"class":94},[84,68361,3498],{"class":102},[84,68363,854],{"class":387},[84,68365,12976],{"class":391},[84,68367,854],{"class":387},[84,68369,282],{"class":102},[84,68371,3230],{"class":387},[84,68373,17338],{"class":391},[84,68375,854],{"class":387},[84,68377,282],{"class":102},[84,68379,3230],{"class":387},[84,68381,12993],{"class":391},[84,68383,854],{"class":387},[84,68385,317],{"class":102},[84,68387,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68389,116],{"class":98},[84,68391,103],{"class":102},[84,68393,602],{"class":98},[84,68395,103],{"class":102},[84,68397,17385],{"class":121},[84,68399,232],{"class":102},[70,68401,68403],{"id":68402},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[24,68405,68406,68407,425],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68408,279],{},[75,68410,68412],{"className":77,"code":68411,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68413,68414,68422],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68415,68416,68418,68420],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68417,7656],{"class":90},[84,68419,95],{"class":94},[84,68421,7716],{"class":102},[84,68423,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68425,116],{"class":98},[84,68427,103],{"class":102},[84,68429,602],{"class":98},[84,68431,103],{"class":102},[84,68433,7687],{"class":121},[84,68435,232],{"class":102},[24,68437,265],{},[75,68439,68440],{"className":77,"code":509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68441,68442],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68443,68444],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68445,509],{"class":106},[24,68447,68448],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[75,68450,68452],{"className":77,"code":68451,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68453,68454,68462,68466,68484,68498,68504],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68455,68456,68458,68460],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68457,7656],{"class":90},[84,68459,95],{"class":94},[84,68461,7716],{"class":102},[84,68463,68464],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68465,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,68467,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,68469,6872],{"class":470},[84,68471,38256],{"class":98},[84,68473,103],{"class":102},[84,68475,7687],{"class":121},[84,68477,125],{"class":102},[84,68479,38266],{"class":94},[84,68481,3709],{"class":106},[84,68483,6266],{"class":102},[84,68485,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,68487,490],{"class":98},[84,68489,103],{"class":102},[84,68491,7687],{"class":121},[84,68493,292],{"class":102},[84,68495,279],{"class":106},[84,68497,741],{"class":102},[84,68499,68500,68502],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,68501,27310],{"class":470},[84,68503,6266],{"class":102},[84,68505,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,68507,490],{"class":98},[84,68509,103],{"class":102},[84,68511,854],{"class":387},[84,68513,51685],{"class":391},[84,68515,854],{"class":387},[84,68517,110],{"class":102},[24,68519,265],{},[75,68521,68523],{"className":77,"code":68522,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The list is empty\n",[15,68524,68525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68526,68527,68529,68531,68533],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68528,1862],{"class":90},[84,68530,140],{"class":139},[84,68532,7973],{"class":94},[84,68534,7979],{"class":90},[24,68536,68537,68538,68540],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[419,68539,52640],{"href":50848}," is a good next step.",[70,68542,68544],{"id":68543},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[24,68546,68547,68549,68550,68553],{},[15,68548,1085],{}," counts only the ",[42,68551,68552],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[24,68555,68556],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[75,68558,68560],{"className":77,"code":68559,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68561,68562,68598],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68563,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68565,9044],{"class":90},[84,68567,95],{"class":94},[84,68569,56161],{"class":102},[84,68571,838],{"class":106},[84,68573,282],{"class":102},[84,68575,304],{"class":106},[84,68577,17945],{"class":102},[84,68579,3498],{"class":102},[84,68581,1162],{"class":106},[84,68583,282],{"class":102},[84,68585,314],{"class":106},[84,68587,17945],{"class":102},[84,68589,3498],{"class":102},[84,68591,107],{"class":106},[84,68593,282],{"class":102},[84,68595,843],{"class":106},[84,68597,53111],{"class":102},[84,68599,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68601,116],{"class":98},[84,68603,103],{"class":102},[84,68605,602],{"class":98},[84,68607,103],{"class":102},[84,68609,9083],{"class":121},[84,68611,232],{"class":102},[24,68613,265],{},[75,68615,68616],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68617,68618],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68619,68620],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68621,524],{"class":106},[24,68623,68624],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[24,68626,51949],{},[75,68628,68630],{"className":77,"code":68629,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68631,68632,68658],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68633,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68635,59341],{"class":90},[84,68637,95],{"class":94},[84,68639,3498],{"class":102},[84,68641,838],{"class":106},[84,68643,282],{"class":102},[84,68645,3498],{"class":102},[84,68647,568],{"class":106},[84,68649,282],{"class":102},[84,68651,309],{"class":106},[84,68653,17945],{"class":102},[84,68655,314],{"class":106},[84,68657,317],{"class":102},[84,68659,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68661,116],{"class":98},[84,68663,103],{"class":102},[84,68665,602],{"class":98},[84,68667,103],{"class":102},[84,68669,59394],{"class":121},[84,68671,232],{"class":102},[24,68673,265],{},[75,68675,68676],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68677,68678],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68679,68680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68681,524],{"class":106},[24,68683,20861,68684,68687],{},[15,68685,68686],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[70,68689,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,68691,1442,68693,1686,68696],{"id":68692},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68694,68695],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68697,68141],{},[24,68699,68700],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[24,68702,16526],{},[75,68704,68706],{"className":77,"code":68705,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68707,68708,68728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68709,68710,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68711,91],{"class":90},[84,68713,95],{"class":94},[84,68715,3498],{"class":102},[84,68717,2212],{"class":106},[84,68719,282],{"class":102},[84,68721,7667],{"class":106},[84,68723,282],{"class":102},[84,68725,7672],{"class":106},[84,68727,317],{"class":102},[84,68729,68730,68732,68734,68736,68738,68740],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68731,116],{"class":98},[84,68733,103],{"class":102},[84,68735,122],{"class":121},[84,68737,425],{"class":102},[84,68739,602],{"class":121},[84,68741,7069],{"class":102},[24,68743,16538],{},[75,68745,68747],{"className":77,"code":68746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68748,68749,68769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68750,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68752,91],{"class":90},[84,68754,95],{"class":94},[84,68756,3498],{"class":102},[84,68758,2212],{"class":106},[84,68760,282],{"class":102},[84,68762,7667],{"class":106},[84,68764,282],{"class":102},[84,68766,7672],{"class":106},[84,68768,317],{"class":102},[84,68770,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68772,116],{"class":98},[84,68774,103],{"class":102},[84,68776,602],{"class":98},[84,68778,103],{"class":102},[84,68780,122],{"class":121},[84,68782,232],{"class":102},[24,68784,68785,68787],{},[15,68786,1085],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1667,68789,25564],{"id":25563},[24,68791,16526],{},[75,68793,68795],{"className":77,"code":68794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68796,68797,68817],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68798,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68800,91],{"class":90},[84,68802,95],{"class":94},[84,68804,3498],{"class":102},[84,68806,2212],{"class":106},[84,68808,282],{"class":102},[84,68810,7667],{"class":106},[84,68812,282],{"class":102},[84,68814,7672],{"class":106},[84,68816,317],{"class":102},[84,68818,68819,68821,68823,68825],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68820,116],{"class":98},[84,68822,103],{"class":102},[84,68824,602],{"class":98},[84,68826,110],{"class":102},[24,68828,68829],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[24,68831,16538],{},[75,68833,68834],{"className":77,"code":68746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68835,68836,68856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68837,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68839,91],{"class":90},[84,68841,95],{"class":94},[84,68843,3498],{"class":102},[84,68845,2212],{"class":106},[84,68847,282],{"class":102},[84,68849,7667],{"class":106},[84,68851,282],{"class":102},[84,68853,7672],{"class":106},[84,68855,317],{"class":102},[84,68857,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68859,116],{"class":98},[84,68861,103],{"class":102},[84,68863,602],{"class":98},[84,68865,103],{"class":102},[84,68867,122],{"class":121},[84,68869,232],{"class":102},[1667,68871,68873],{"id":68872},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[24,68875,68876,68877,68879],{},"The length of a list is ",[42,68878,1367],{}," the same as the last index.",[24,68881,190],{},[75,68883,68885],{"className":77,"code":68884,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68886,68887,68919],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68888,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68890,35967],{"class":90},[84,68892,95],{"class":94},[84,68894,3498],{"class":102},[84,68896,854],{"class":387},[84,68898,419],{"class":391},[84,68900,854],{"class":387},[84,68902,282],{"class":102},[84,68904,3230],{"class":387},[84,68906,4634],{"class":391},[84,68908,854],{"class":387},[84,68910,282],{"class":102},[84,68912,3230],{"class":387},[84,68914,9619],{"class":391},[84,68916,854],{"class":387},[84,68918,317],{"class":102},[84,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,68922,116],{"class":98},[84,68924,103],{"class":102},[84,68926,602],{"class":98},[84,68928,103],{"class":102},[84,68930,36019],{"class":121},[84,68932,232],{"class":102},[24,68934,265],{},[75,68936,68937],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68938,68939],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68940,68941],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68942,524],{"class":106},[24,68944,68945,68946,18847,68948,425],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68947,568],{},[15,68949,1162],{},[24,68951,68952],{},"Indexes are:",[33,68954,68955,68962,68968],{},[36,68956,68957,68959,68960],{},[15,68958,279],{}," for ",[15,68961,17979],{},[36,68963,68964,68959,68966],{},[15,68965,838],{},[15,68967,65459],{},[36,68969,68970,68959,68972],{},[15,68971,568],{},[15,68973,66345],{},[24,68975,68976],{},"So this causes an error:",[75,68978,68980],{"className":77,"code":68979,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68981,68982,69014],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68983,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68985,35967],{"class":90},[84,68987,95],{"class":94},[84,68989,3498],{"class":102},[84,68991,854],{"class":387},[84,68993,419],{"class":391},[84,68995,854],{"class":387},[84,68997,282],{"class":102},[84,68999,3230],{"class":387},[84,69001,4634],{"class":391},[84,69003,854],{"class":387},[84,69005,282],{"class":102},[84,69007,3230],{"class":387},[84,69009,9619],{"class":391},[84,69011,854],{"class":387},[84,69013,317],{"class":102},[84,69015,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69017,116],{"class":98},[84,69019,103],{"class":102},[84,69021,36019],{"class":121},[84,69023,292],{"class":102},[84,69025,602],{"class":98},[84,69027,103],{"class":102},[84,69029,36019],{"class":121},[84,69031,10558],{"class":102},[24,69033,8372,69034,4657,69037,69039,69040,69042],{},[15,69035,69036],{},"len(letters)",[15,69038,1162],{},", and index ",[15,69041,1162],{}," does not exist.",[24,69044,18724],{},[75,69046,69048],{"className":77,"code":69047,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69049,69050,69082],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69051,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69053,35967],{"class":90},[84,69055,95],{"class":94},[84,69057,3498],{"class":102},[84,69059,854],{"class":387},[84,69061,419],{"class":391},[84,69063,854],{"class":387},[84,69065,282],{"class":102},[84,69067,3230],{"class":387},[84,69069,4634],{"class":391},[84,69071,854],{"class":387},[84,69073,282],{"class":102},[84,69075,3230],{"class":387},[84,69077,9619],{"class":391},[84,69079,854],{"class":387},[84,69081,317],{"class":102},[84,69083,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69085,116],{"class":98},[84,69087,103],{"class":102},[84,69089,36019],{"class":121},[84,69091,292],{"class":102},[84,69093,602],{"class":98},[84,69095,103],{"class":102},[84,69097,36019],{"class":121},[84,69099,125],{"class":102},[84,69101,2102],{"class":94},[84,69103,299],{"class":106},[84,69105,741],{"class":102},[24,69107,265],{},[75,69109,69111],{"className":77,"code":69110,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"c\n",[15,69112,69113],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69114,69115],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69116,69110],{"class":90},[24,69118,69119,69120,425],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[419,69121,69123],{"href":69122},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1667,69125,1442,69127,69129],{"id":69126},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69128,1085],{}," on the wrong variable",[24,69131,69132],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[24,69134,69135],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[75,69137,69139],{"className":77,"code":69138,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69140,69141,69151,69165,69179],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69142,69143,69145,69147,69149],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69144,116],{"class":98},[84,69146,103],{"class":102},[84,69148,8216],{"class":121},[84,69150,110],{"class":102},[84,69152,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69154,116],{"class":98},[84,69156,103],{"class":102},[84,69158,602],{"class":98},[84,69160,103],{"class":102},[84,69162,8216],{"class":121},[84,69164,232],{"class":102},[84,69166,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175,69177],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69168,116],{"class":98},[84,69170,103],{"class":102},[84,69172,334],{"class":139},[84,69174,103],{"class":102},[84,69176,8216],{"class":121},[84,69178,232],{"class":102},[84,69180,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,69182,116],{"class":98},[84,69184,103],{"class":102},[84,69186,8216],{"class":121},[84,69188,292],{"class":102},[84,69190,279],{"class":106},[84,69192,741],{"class":102},[24,69194,69195],{},"These help you verify:",[33,69197,69198,69201,69203,69206],{},[36,69199,69200],{},"what the variable contains",[36,69202,60650],{},[36,69204,69205],{},"whether it is really a list",[36,69207,69208],{},"what the first item is",[24,69210,69211,69212,69215],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69213,69214],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[70,69217,792,69219,69221],{"id":69218},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69220,1085],{}," with lists",[24,69223,69224,69225,69227],{},"You will often use ",[15,69226,1085],{}," in real programs.",[24,69229,9253],{},[33,69231,69232,69234,69237,69240],{},[36,69233,51639],{},[36,69235,69236],{},"Control loops",[36,69238,69239],{},"Validate input or results",[36,69241,69242],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[24,69244,69245],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[75,69247,69249],{"className":77,"code":69248,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69250,69251,69271,69287,69291,69305,69319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69252,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69254,2436],{"class":90},[84,69256,95],{"class":94},[84,69258,3498],{"class":102},[84,69260,838],{"class":106},[84,69262,282],{"class":102},[84,69264,304],{"class":106},[84,69266,282],{"class":102},[84,69268,309],{"class":106},[84,69270,317],{"class":102},[84,69272,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69274,2463],{"class":90},[84,69276,95],{"class":94},[84,69278,3498],{"class":102},[84,69280,2212],{"class":106},[84,69282,282],{"class":102},[84,69284,7667],{"class":106},[84,69286,317],{"class":102},[84,69288,69289],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69290,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,69292,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,69294,116],{"class":98},[84,69296,103],{"class":102},[84,69298,602],{"class":98},[84,69300,103],{"class":102},[84,69302,419],{"class":121},[84,69304,232],{"class":102},[84,69306,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315,69317],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,69308,116],{"class":98},[84,69310,103],{"class":102},[84,69312,602],{"class":98},[84,69314,103],{"class":102},[84,69316,4634],{"class":121},[84,69318,232],{"class":102},[84,69320,69321,69323,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335,69337,69339,69341],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,69322,116],{"class":98},[84,69324,103],{"class":102},[84,69326,602],{"class":98},[84,69328,103],{"class":102},[84,69330,419],{"class":121},[84,69332,125],{"class":102},[84,69334,38266],{"class":94},[84,69336,38256],{"class":98},[84,69338,103],{"class":102},[84,69340,4634],{"class":121},[84,69342,232],{"class":102},[24,69344,265],{},[75,69346,69348],{"className":77,"code":69347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69349,69350,69354,69358],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69351,69352],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69353,524],{"class":106},[84,69355,69356],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69357,519],{"class":106},[84,69359,69360],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69361,660],{"class":659},[24,69363,69364],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[75,69366,69368],{"className":77,"code":69367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69369,69370,69402,69406,69427],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69371,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69373,4868],{"class":90},[84,69375,95],{"class":94},[84,69377,3498],{"class":102},[84,69379,854],{"class":387},[84,69381,12763],{"class":391},[84,69383,854],{"class":387},[84,69385,282],{"class":102},[84,69387,3230],{"class":387},[84,69389,35817],{"class":391},[84,69391,854],{"class":387},[84,69393,282],{"class":102},[84,69395,3230],{"class":387},[84,69397,35826],{"class":391},[84,69399,854],{"class":387},[84,69401,317],{"class":102},[84,69403,69404],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69405,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,69407,69408,69410,69412,69414,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69409,440],{"class":470},[84,69411,473],{"class":90},[84,69413,476],{"class":470},[84,69415,99],{"class":98},[84,69417,103],{"class":102},[84,69419,602],{"class":98},[84,69421,103],{"class":102},[84,69423,4912],{"class":121},[84,69425,69426],{"class":102},")):\n",[84,69428,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69440,69442,69444],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,69430,490],{"class":98},[84,69432,103],{"class":102},[84,69434,495],{"class":121},[84,69436,282],{"class":102},[84,69438,69439],{"class":121}," names",[84,69441,292],{"class":102},[84,69443,495],{"class":121},[84,69445,741],{"class":102},[24,69447,265],{},[75,69449,69450],{"className":77,"code":35875,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69451,69452,69458,69464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69453,69454,69456],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69455,279],{"class":106},[84,69457,35884],{"class":90},[84,69459,69460,69462],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69461,838],{"class":106},[84,69463,35891],{"class":90},[84,69465,69466,69468],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69467,568],{"class":106},[84,69469,35898],{"class":90},[24,69471,69472,69473,425],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[419,69474,69476],{"href":69475},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[24,69478,69479,69480,69482],{},"You can also read ",[419,69481,51416],{"href":51415}," for a task-focused guide.",[70,69484,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,69486,69488],{"id":69487},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[24,69490,153,69491,69494],{},[15,69492,69493],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1667,69496,5016,69498,12598],{"id":69497},"what-does-len-return",[15,69499,69500],{},"len([])",[24,69502,5022,69503,69505],{},[15,69504,279],{}," because the list is empty.",[1667,69507,69509],{"id":69508},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[24,69511,69512],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1667,69514,28205,69516,69518],{"id":69515},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69517,68695],{}," in Python?",[24,69520,30146,69521,8099,69523,69525],{},[15,69522,68141],{},[15,69524,1085],{}," is a built-in function.",[70,69527,1777],{"id":1776},[33,69529,69530,69536,69540,69544,69548],{},[36,69531,69532],{},[419,69533,13,69534,424],{"href":42230},[15,69535,1085],{},[36,69537,69538],{},[419,69539,52460],{"href":51415},[36,69541,69542],{},[419,69543,52640],{"href":50848},[36,69545,69546],{},[419,69547,69123],{"href":69122},[36,69549,69550],{},[419,69551,69552],{"href":69475},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1814,69554,69555],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":69557},[69558,69559,69561,69562,69563,69564,69572,69574,69582],{"id":15045,"depth":113,"text":15046},{"id":68133,"depth":113,"text":69560},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5660,"depth":113,"text":5661},{"id":68402,"depth":113,"text":68403},{"id":68543,"depth":113,"text":68544},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":69565},[69566,69568,69569,69570],{"id":68692,"depth":132,"text":69567},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25563,"depth":132,"text":25564},{"id":68872,"depth":132,"text":68873},{"id":69126,"depth":132,"text":69571},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69218,"depth":113,"text":69573},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":69575},[69576,69577,69579,69580],{"id":69487,"depth":132,"text":69488},{"id":69497,"depth":132,"text":69578},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69508,"depth":132,"text":69509},{"id":69515,"depth":132,"text":69581},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68028,"description":69583},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69589,"title":69590,"body":69591,"description":71573,"extension":1845,"meta":71574,"navigation":237,"path":71575,"seo":71576,"stem":71577,"__hash__":71578},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69592,"toc":71546},[69593,69596,69601,69604,69612,69625,69627,69692,69694,69716,69721,69725,69730,69738,69740,69750,69752,69833,69835,69865,69867,69886,69891,69908,69910,69994,69996,70026,70031,70035,70041,70125,70127,70157,70160,70164,70167,70258,70260,70298,70301,70386,70388,70418,70424,70431,70435,70440,70449,70451,70536,70538,70567,70570,70578,70582,70586,70595,70618,70620,70642,70644,70658,70660,70720,70724,70729,70768,70770,70787,70789,70799,70898,70903,70907,70912,70955,70957,70985,70987,71001,71076,71078,71100,71104,71107,71112,71123,71128,71136,71139,71210,71212,71237,71294,71296,71317,71326,71334,71339,71341,71346,71367,71370,71445,71448,71462,71469,71471,71475,71481,71485,71495,71499,71506,71510,71516,71518,71543],[10,69594,69590],{"id":69595},"python-list-pop-method",[24,69597,69598,69600],{},[15,69599,54950],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[24,69602,69603],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[33,69605,69606,69609],{},[36,69607,69608],{},"delete an item from a list",[36,69610,69611],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[24,69613,69614,69615,69617,69618,8582,69620,69624],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69616,12645],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69619,12645],{},[419,69621,69622],{"href":54940},[15,69623,1266],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[70,69626,1887],{"id":1886},[75,69628,69630],{"className":77,"code":69629,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69631,69632,69652,69667,69671,69682],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69633,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642,69644,69646,69648,69650],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69635,91],{"class":90},[84,69637,95],{"class":94},[84,69639,3498],{"class":102},[84,69641,2212],{"class":106},[84,69643,282],{"class":102},[84,69645,7667],{"class":106},[84,69647,282],{"class":102},[84,69649,7672],{"class":106},[84,69651,317],{"class":102},[84,69653,69654,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69655,69656],{"class":90},"last_item ",[84,69658,95],{"class":94},[84,69660,4137],{"class":90},[84,69662,425],{"class":102},[84,69664,26117],{"class":121},[84,69666,8520],{"class":102},[84,69668,69669],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69670,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,69672,69673,69675,69677,69680],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,69674,116],{"class":98},[84,69676,103],{"class":102},[84,69678,69679],{"class":121},"last_item",[84,69681,110],{"class":102},[84,69683,69684,69686,69688,69690],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,69685,116],{"class":98},[84,69687,103],{"class":102},[84,69689,122],{"class":121},[84,69691,110],{"class":102},[24,69693,265],{},[75,69695,69697],{"className":77,"code":69696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69698,69699,69704],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69700,69701],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69702,69703],{"class":106},"30\n",[84,69705,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69707,292],{"class":102},[84,69709,2212],{"class":106},[84,69711,282],{"class":102},[84,69713,7667],{"class":106},[84,69715,317],{"class":102},[24,69717,153,69718,69720],{},[15,69719,12645],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[70,69722,69724],{"id":69723},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[24,69726,69727,69729],{},[15,69728,12645],{}," has two main jobs:",[33,69731,69732,69735],{},[36,69733,69734],{},"It removes one item from a list",[36,69736,69737],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[24,69739,43522],{},[33,69741,69742,69745,69748],{},[36,69743,69744],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[36,69746,69747],{},"It changes the original list",[36,69749,52614],{},[24,69751,190],{},[75,69753,69755],{"className":77,"code":69754,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69756,69757,69789,69793,69808,69812,69823],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69758,69759,69761,69763,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69760,12959],{"class":90},[84,69762,95],{"class":94},[84,69764,3498],{"class":102},[84,69766,854],{"class":387},[84,69768,12976],{"class":391},[84,69770,854],{"class":387},[84,69772,282],{"class":102},[84,69774,3230],{"class":387},[84,69776,17338],{"class":391},[84,69778,854],{"class":387},[84,69780,282],{"class":102},[84,69782,3230],{"class":387},[84,69784,12993],{"class":391},[84,69786,854],{"class":387},[84,69788,317],{"class":102},[84,69790,69791],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69792,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,69794,69795,69798,69800,69802,69804,69806],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69796,69797],{"class":90},"removed ",[84,69799,95],{"class":94},[84,69801,13007],{"class":90},[84,69803,425],{"class":102},[84,69805,26117],{"class":121},[84,69807,8520],{"class":102},[84,69809,69810],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,69811,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,69813,69814,69816,69818,69821],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,69815,116],{"class":98},[84,69817,103],{"class":102},[84,69819,69820],{"class":121},"removed",[84,69822,110],{"class":102},[84,69824,69825,69827,69829,69831],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,69826,116],{"class":98},[84,69828,103],{"class":102},[84,69830,17385],{"class":121},[84,69832,110],{"class":102},[24,69834,265],{},[75,69836,69838],{"className":77,"code":69837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69839,69840,69845],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69841,69842],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69843,69844],{"class":90},"blue\n",[84,69846,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861,69863],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69848,292],{"class":102},[84,69850,394],{"class":387},[84,69852,12976],{"class":391},[84,69854,394],{"class":387},[84,69856,282],{"class":102},[84,69858,388],{"class":387},[84,69860,17338],{"class":391},[84,69862,394],{"class":387},[84,69864,317],{"class":102},[70,69866,2038],{"id":2037},[75,69868,69870],{"className":77,"code":69869,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69871,69872],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69873,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69875,140],{"class":139},[84,69877,425],{"class":102},[84,69879,26117],{"class":121},[84,69881,2865],{"class":102},[84,69883,35722],{"class":121},[84,69885,741],{"class":102},[24,69887,1862,69888,69890],{},[15,69889,35722],{}," is optional.",[33,69892,69893,69899,69905],{},[36,69894,69895,69896,69898],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69897,12645],{}," removes the last item",[36,69900,69901,69902,69904],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69903,12645],{}," removes the item at that position",[36,69906,69907],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[24,69909,190],{},[75,69911,69913],{"className":77,"code":69912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69914,69915,69947,69951,69970,69974,69984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69916,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69918,35967],{"class":90},[84,69920,95],{"class":94},[84,69922,3498],{"class":102},[84,69924,854],{"class":387},[84,69926,419],{"class":391},[84,69928,854],{"class":387},[84,69930,282],{"class":102},[84,69932,3230],{"class":387},[84,69934,4634],{"class":391},[84,69936,854],{"class":387},[84,69938,282],{"class":102},[84,69940,3230],{"class":387},[84,69942,9619],{"class":391},[84,69944,854],{"class":387},[84,69946,317],{"class":102},[84,69948,69949],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,69950,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,69952,69953,69955,69957,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,69954,28415],{"class":90},[84,69956,95],{"class":94},[84,69958,69959],{"class":90}," letters",[84,69961,425],{"class":102},[84,69963,26117],{"class":121},[84,69965,103],{"class":102},[84,69967,838],{"class":106},[84,69969,110],{"class":102},[84,69971,69972],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,69973,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,69975,69976,69978,69980,69982],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,69977,116],{"class":98},[84,69979,103],{"class":102},[84,69981,23191],{"class":121},[84,69983,110],{"class":102},[84,69985,69986,69988,69990,69992],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,69987,116],{"class":98},[84,69989,103],{"class":102},[84,69991,36019],{"class":121},[84,69993,110],{"class":102},[24,69995,265],{},[75,69997,69999],{"className":77,"code":69998,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70000,70001,70006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70002,70003],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70004,70005],{"class":90},"b\n",[84,70007,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70009,292],{"class":102},[84,70011,394],{"class":387},[84,70013,419],{"class":391},[84,70015,394],{"class":387},[84,70017,282],{"class":102},[84,70019,388],{"class":387},[84,70021,9619],{"class":391},[84,70023,394],{"class":387},[84,70025,317],{"class":102},[24,70027,70028,70029,425],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[419,70030,52640],{"href":50848},[70,70032,70034],{"id":70033},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[24,70036,70037,70038,70040],{},"When you call ",[15,70039,12645],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[75,70042,70044],{"className":77,"code":70043,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70045,70046,70081,70085,70100,70104,70115],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70047,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70059,70061,70063,70065,70068,70070,70072,70074,70077,70079],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70049,29773],{"class":90},[84,70051,95],{"class":94},[84,70053,3498],{"class":102},[84,70055,854],{"class":387},[84,70057,70058],{"class":391},"write",[84,70060,854],{"class":387},[84,70062,282],{"class":102},[84,70064,3230],{"class":387},[84,70066,70067],{"class":391},"test",[84,70069,854],{"class":387},[84,70071,282],{"class":102},[84,70073,3230],{"class":387},[84,70075,70076],{"class":391},"submit",[84,70078,854],{"class":387},[84,70080,317],{"class":102},[84,70082,70083],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70084,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70086,70087,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,70088,70089],{"class":90},"last_task ",[84,70091,95],{"class":94},[84,70093,29851],{"class":90},[84,70095,425],{"class":102},[84,70097,26117],{"class":121},[84,70099,8520],{"class":102},[84,70101,70102],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,70103,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70105,70106,70108,70110,70113],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,70107,116],{"class":98},[84,70109,103],{"class":102},[84,70111,70112],{"class":121},"last_task",[84,70114,110],{"class":102},[84,70116,70117,70119,70121,70123],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,70118,116],{"class":98},[84,70120,103],{"class":102},[84,70122,36380],{"class":121},[84,70124,110],{"class":102},[24,70126,265],{},[75,70128,70130],{"className":77,"code":70129,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70131,70132,70137],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70133,70134],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70135,70136],{"class":90},"submit\n",[84,70138,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70140,292],{"class":102},[84,70142,394],{"class":387},[84,70144,70058],{"class":391},[84,70146,394],{"class":387},[84,70148,282],{"class":102},[84,70150,388],{"class":387},[84,70152,70067],{"class":391},[84,70154,394],{"class":387},[84,70156,317],{"class":102},[24,70158,70159],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[70,70161,70163],{"id":70162},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[24,70165,70166],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[75,70168,70170],{"className":77,"code":70169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70171,70172,70212,70216,70234,70238,70248],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70173,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70175,36113],{"class":90},[84,70177,95],{"class":94},[84,70179,3498],{"class":102},[84,70181,854],{"class":387},[84,70183,3952],{"class":391},[84,70185,854],{"class":387},[84,70187,282],{"class":102},[84,70189,3230],{"class":387},[84,70191,3961],{"class":391},[84,70193,854],{"class":387},[84,70195,282],{"class":102},[84,70197,3230],{"class":387},[84,70199,3970],{"class":391},[84,70201,854],{"class":387},[84,70203,282],{"class":102},[84,70205,3230],{"class":387},[84,70207,33098],{"class":391},[84,70209,854],{"class":387},[84,70211,317],{"class":102},[84,70213,70214],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70215,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70217,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228,70230,70232],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,70219,69797],{"class":90},[84,70221,95],{"class":94},[84,70223,52720],{"class":90},[84,70225,425],{"class":102},[84,70227,26117],{"class":121},[84,70229,103],{"class":102},[84,70231,838],{"class":106},[84,70233,110],{"class":102},[84,70235,70236],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,70237,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70239,70240,70242,70244,70246],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,70241,116],{"class":98},[84,70243,103],{"class":102},[84,70245,69820],{"class":121},[84,70247,110],{"class":102},[84,70249,70250,70252,70254,70256],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,70251,116],{"class":98},[84,70253,103],{"class":102},[84,70255,36165],{"class":121},[84,70257,110],{"class":102},[24,70259,265],{},[75,70261,70263],{"className":77,"code":70262,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70264,70265,70270],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70266,70267],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70268,70269],{"class":90},"banana\n",[84,70271,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70273,292],{"class":102},[84,70275,394],{"class":387},[84,70277,3952],{"class":391},[84,70279,394],{"class":387},[84,70281,282],{"class":102},[84,70283,388],{"class":387},[84,70285,3970],{"class":391},[84,70287,394],{"class":387},[84,70289,282],{"class":102},[84,70291,388],{"class":387},[84,70293,33098],{"class":391},[84,70295,394],{"class":387},[84,70297,317],{"class":102},[24,70299,70300],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[75,70302,70304],{"className":77,"code":70303,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70305,70306,70338,70342,70362,70366,70376],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70307,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70309,36113],{"class":90},[84,70311,95],{"class":94},[84,70313,3498],{"class":102},[84,70315,854],{"class":387},[84,70317,3952],{"class":391},[84,70319,854],{"class":387},[84,70321,282],{"class":102},[84,70323,3230],{"class":387},[84,70325,3961],{"class":391},[84,70327,854],{"class":387},[84,70329,282],{"class":102},[84,70331,3230],{"class":387},[84,70333,3970],{"class":391},[84,70335,854],{"class":387},[84,70337,317],{"class":102},[84,70339,70340],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70341,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70343,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,70345,69797],{"class":90},[84,70347,95],{"class":94},[84,70349,52720],{"class":90},[84,70351,425],{"class":102},[84,70353,26117],{"class":121},[84,70355,103],{"class":102},[84,70357,1906],{"class":94},[84,70359,838],{"class":106},[84,70361,110],{"class":102},[84,70363,70364],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,70365,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70367,70368,70370,70372,70374],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,70369,116],{"class":98},[84,70371,103],{"class":102},[84,70373,69820],{"class":121},[84,70375,110],{"class":102},[84,70377,70378,70380,70382,70384],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,70379,116],{"class":98},[84,70381,103],{"class":102},[84,70383,36165],{"class":121},[84,70385,110],{"class":102},[24,70387,265],{},[75,70389,70391],{"className":77,"code":70390,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70392,70393,70398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70394,70395],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70396,70397],{"class":90},"cherry\n",[84,70399,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70401,292],{"class":102},[84,70403,394],{"class":387},[84,70405,3952],{"class":391},[84,70407,394],{"class":387},[84,70409,282],{"class":102},[84,70411,388],{"class":387},[84,70413,3961],{"class":391},[84,70415,394],{"class":387},[84,70417,317],{"class":102},[24,70419,70420,70421,70423],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70422,65718],{}," means the last item.",[24,70425,70426,70427,425],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[419,70428,70429,10620],{"href":58833},[15,70430,64729],{},[70,70432,70434],{"id":70433},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[24,70436,70437,70439],{},[15,70438,12645],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[24,70441,70442,70443,28,70445,425],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70444,12645],{},[419,70446,70447],{"href":54940},[15,70448,1266],{},[24,70450,190],{},[75,70452,70454],{"className":77,"code":70453,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70455,70456,70488,70492,70511,70515,70526],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70457,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70459,4868],{"class":90},[84,70461,95],{"class":94},[84,70463,3498],{"class":102},[84,70465,854],{"class":387},[84,70467,12763],{"class":391},[84,70469,854],{"class":387},[84,70471,282],{"class":102},[84,70473,3230],{"class":387},[84,70475,35817],{"class":391},[84,70477,854],{"class":387},[84,70479,282],{"class":102},[84,70481,3230],{"class":387},[84,70483,35826],{"class":391},[84,70485,854],{"class":387},[84,70487,317],{"class":102},[84,70489,70490],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70491,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70493,70494,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,70495,70496],{"class":90},"removed_name ",[84,70498,95],{"class":94},[84,70500,69439],{"class":90},[84,70502,425],{"class":102},[84,70504,26117],{"class":121},[84,70506,103],{"class":102},[84,70508,279],{"class":106},[84,70510,110],{"class":102},[84,70512,70513],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,70514,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70516,70517,70519,70521,70524],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,70518,116],{"class":98},[84,70520,103],{"class":102},[84,70522,70523],{"class":121},"removed_name",[84,70525,110],{"class":102},[84,70527,70528,70530,70532,70534],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,70529,116],{"class":98},[84,70531,103],{"class":102},[84,70533,4912],{"class":121},[84,70535,110],{"class":102},[24,70537,265],{},[75,70539,70541],{"className":77,"code":70540,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70542,70543,70547],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70544,70545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70546,49908],{"class":90},[84,70548,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70550,292],{"class":102},[84,70552,394],{"class":387},[84,70554,35817],{"class":391},[84,70556,394],{"class":387},[84,70558,282],{"class":102},[84,70560,388],{"class":387},[84,70562,35826],{"class":391},[84,70564,394],{"class":387},[84,70566,317],{"class":102},[24,70568,70569],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[24,70571,70572,70573,70575,70576,425],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70574,1266],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70577,3653],{},[70,70579,70581],{"id":70580},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1667,70583,70585],{"id":70584},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[24,70587,70588,70589,70591,70592,425],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70590,12645],{}," raises an ",[15,70593,70594],{},"IndexError",[75,70596,70598],{"className":77,"code":70597,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70599,70600,70608],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70601,70602,70604,70606],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70603,7656],{"class":90},[84,70605,95],{"class":94},[84,70607,7716],{"class":102},[84,70609,70610,70612,70614,70616],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70611,7687],{"class":90},[84,70613,425],{"class":102},[84,70615,26117],{"class":121},[84,70617,8520],{"class":102},[24,70619,265],{},[75,70621,70623],{"className":77,"code":70622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70624,70625],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70626,70627,70629,70631,70634,70637,70640],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70628,70594],{"class":139},[84,70630,881],{"class":102},[84,70632,70633],{"class":90}," pop ",[84,70635,70636],{"class":470},"from",[84,70638,70639],{"class":90}," empty ",[84,70641,49754],{"class":139},[24,70643,39132],{},[33,70645,70646,70651],{},[36,70647,70648,70649],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70650,12645],{},[36,70652,70653,70654,28,70656],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70655,29679],{},[15,70657,29710],{},[24,70659,190],{},[75,70661,70663],{"className":77,"code":70662,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70664,70665,70673,70677,70685,70699,70705],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70666,70667,70669,70671],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70668,7656],{"class":90},[84,70670,95],{"class":94},[84,70672,7716],{"class":102},[84,70674,70675],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70676,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70678,70679,70681,70683],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,70680,6872],{"class":470},[84,70682,5839],{"class":90},[84,70684,6266],{"class":102},[84,70686,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,70688,490],{"class":98},[84,70690,103],{"class":102},[84,70692,7687],{"class":121},[84,70694,425],{"class":102},[84,70696,26117],{"class":121},[84,70698,7069],{"class":102},[84,70700,70701,70703],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,70702,27310],{"class":470},[84,70704,6266],{"class":102},[84,70706,70707,70709,70711,70713,70716,70718],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,70708,490],{"class":98},[84,70710,103],{"class":102},[84,70712,854],{"class":387},[84,70714,70715],{"class":391},"The list is empty.",[84,70717,854],{"class":387},[84,70719,110],{"class":102},[1667,70721,70723],{"id":70722},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[24,70725,70726,70727,425],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70728,70594],{},[75,70730,70732],{"className":77,"code":70731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70733,70734,70754],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70735,70736,70738,70740,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70737,91],{"class":90},[84,70739,95],{"class":94},[84,70741,3498],{"class":102},[84,70743,2212],{"class":106},[84,70745,282],{"class":102},[84,70747,7667],{"class":106},[84,70749,282],{"class":102},[84,70751,7672],{"class":106},[84,70753,317],{"class":102},[84,70755,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70757,122],{"class":90},[84,70759,425],{"class":102},[84,70761,26117],{"class":121},[84,70763,103],{"class":102},[84,70765,107],{"class":106},[84,70767,110],{"class":102},[24,70769,265],{},[75,70771,70773],{"className":77,"code":70772,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70774,70775],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70776,70777,70779,70781,70784],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70778,70594],{"class":139},[84,70780,881],{"class":102},[84,70782,70783],{"class":90}," pop index out of ",[84,70785,70786],{"class":98},"range\n",[24,70788,39132],{},[33,70790,70791,70796],{},[36,70792,70793,70794],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70795,1085],{},[36,70797,70798],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[75,70800,70802],{"className":77,"code":70801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70803,70804,70824,70833,70837,70859,70877,70883],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70805,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818,70820,70822],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70807,91],{"class":90},[84,70809,95],{"class":94},[84,70811,3498],{"class":102},[84,70813,2212],{"class":106},[84,70815,282],{"class":102},[84,70817,7667],{"class":106},[84,70819,282],{"class":102},[84,70821,7672],{"class":106},[84,70823,317],{"class":102},[84,70825,70826,70829,70831],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70827,70828],{"class":90},"index ",[84,70830,95],{"class":94},[84,70832,893],{"class":106},[84,70834,70835],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,70836,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,70838,70839,70841,70843,70846,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,70840,6872],{"class":470},[84,70842,3709],{"class":106},[84,70844,70845],{"class":94}," \u003C=",[84,70847,70848],{"class":90}," index ",[84,70850,380],{"class":94},[84,70852,38256],{"class":98},[84,70854,103],{"class":102},[84,70856,122],{"class":121},[84,70858,485],{"class":102},[84,70860,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,70862,490],{"class":98},[84,70864,103],{"class":102},[84,70866,122],{"class":121},[84,70868,425],{"class":102},[84,70870,26117],{"class":121},[84,70872,103],{"class":102},[84,70874,35722],{"class":121},[84,70876,232],{"class":102},[84,70878,70879,70881],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,70880,27310],{"class":470},[84,70882,6266],{"class":102},[84,70884,70885,70887,70889,70891,70894,70896],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,70886,490],{"class":98},[84,70888,103],{"class":102},[84,70890,854],{"class":387},[84,70892,70893],{"class":391},"Index is out of range.",[84,70895,854],{"class":387},[84,70897,110],{"class":102},[24,70899,70900,70901,425],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[419,70902,69123],{"href":69122},[1667,70904,70906],{"id":70905},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[24,70908,70909,70911],{},[15,70910,12645],{}," expects an integer index.",[75,70913,70915],{"className":77,"code":70914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70916,70917,70937],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70918,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70920,91],{"class":90},[84,70922,95],{"class":94},[84,70924,3498],{"class":102},[84,70926,2212],{"class":106},[84,70928,282],{"class":102},[84,70930,7667],{"class":106},[84,70932,282],{"class":102},[84,70934,7672],{"class":106},[84,70936,317],{"class":102},[84,70938,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,70940,122],{"class":90},[84,70942,425],{"class":102},[84,70944,26117],{"class":121},[84,70946,103],{"class":102},[84,70948,854],{"class":387},[84,70950,838],{"class":391},[84,70952,854],{"class":387},[84,70954,110],{"class":102},[24,70956,265],{},[75,70958,70960],{"className":77,"code":70959,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70961,70962],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70963,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70979,70982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70965,2884],{"class":139},[84,70967,881],{"class":102},[84,70969,388],{"class":387},[84,70971,3321],{"class":391},[84,70973,394],{"class":387},[84,70975,1247],{"class":139},[84,70977,70978],{"class":90}," cannot be interpreted ",[84,70980,70981],{"class":470},"as",[84,70983,70984],{"class":90}," an integer\n",[24,70986,39132],{},[33,70988,70989,70998],{},[36,70990,70991,70992,1263,70994,1267,70996],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70993,279],{},[15,70995,838],{},[15,70997,65718],{},[36,70999,71000],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[75,71002,71004],{"className":77,"code":71003,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71005,71006,71026,71044,71048,71066],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71007,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71009,91],{"class":90},[84,71011,95],{"class":94},[84,71013,3498],{"class":102},[84,71015,2212],{"class":106},[84,71017,282],{"class":102},[84,71019,7667],{"class":106},[84,71021,282],{"class":102},[84,71023,7672],{"class":106},[84,71025,317],{"class":102},[84,71027,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71029,70828],{"class":90},[84,71031,95],{"class":94},[84,71033,45149],{"class":139},[84,71035,103],{"class":102},[84,71037,854],{"class":387},[84,71039,838],{"class":391},[84,71041,854],{"class":387},[84,71043,110],{"class":102},[84,71045,71046],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,71047,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,71049,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71062,71064],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,71051,116],{"class":98},[84,71053,103],{"class":102},[84,71055,122],{"class":121},[84,71057,425],{"class":102},[84,71059,26117],{"class":121},[84,71061,103],{"class":102},[84,71063,35722],{"class":121},[84,71065,232],{"class":102},[84,71067,71068,71070,71072,71074],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,71069,116],{"class":98},[84,71071,103],{"class":102},[84,71073,122],{"class":121},[84,71075,110],{"class":102},[24,71077,265],{},[75,71079,71081],{"className":77,"code":71080,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71082,71083,71088],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71084,71085],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71086,71087],{"class":106},"20\n",[84,71089,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71091,292],{"class":102},[84,71093,2212],{"class":106},[84,71095,282],{"class":102},[84,71097,7672],{"class":106},[84,71099,317],{"class":102},[70,71101,71103],{"id":71102},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[24,71105,71106],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1667,71108,153,71110,799],{"id":71109},"use-pop-when",[15,71111,12645],{},[33,71113,71114,71117,71120],{},[36,71115,71116],{},"you want to remove by index",[36,71118,71119],{},"you want the removed item returned",[36,71121,71122],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1667,71124,153,71126,799],{"id":71125},"use-remove-when",[15,71127,1266],{},[33,71129,71130,71133],{},[36,71131,71132],{},"you want to remove by value",[36,71134,71135],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[24,71137,71138],{},"Compare these examples:",[75,71140,71142],{"className":77,"code":71141,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71143,71144,71168,71172,71190,71200],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71145,71146,71148,71150,71152,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164,71166],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71147,91],{"class":90},[84,71149,95],{"class":94},[84,71151,3498],{"class":102},[84,71153,2212],{"class":106},[84,71155,282],{"class":102},[84,71157,7667],{"class":106},[84,71159,282],{"class":102},[84,71161,7672],{"class":106},[84,71163,282],{"class":102},[84,71165,7667],{"class":106},[84,71167,317],{"class":102},[84,71169,71170],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71171,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,71173,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184,71186,71188],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,71175,69797],{"class":90},[84,71177,95],{"class":94},[84,71179,4137],{"class":90},[84,71181,425],{"class":102},[84,71183,26117],{"class":121},[84,71185,103],{"class":102},[84,71187,838],{"class":106},[84,71189,110],{"class":102},[84,71191,71192,71194,71196,71198],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,71193,116],{"class":98},[84,71195,103],{"class":102},[84,71197,69820],{"class":121},[84,71199,110],{"class":102},[84,71201,71202,71204,71206,71208],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,71203,116],{"class":98},[84,71205,103],{"class":102},[84,71207,122],{"class":121},[84,71209,110],{"class":102},[24,71211,265],{},[75,71213,71215],{"className":77,"code":71214,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71216,71217,71221],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71218,71219],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71220,71087],{"class":106},[84,71222,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71224,292],{"class":102},[84,71226,2212],{"class":106},[84,71228,282],{"class":102},[84,71230,7672],{"class":106},[84,71232,282],{"class":102},[84,71234,7667],{"class":106},[84,71236,317],{"class":102},[75,71238,71240],{"className":77,"code":71239,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71241,71242,71266,71270,71284],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71243,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260,71262,71264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71245,91],{"class":90},[84,71247,95],{"class":94},[84,71249,3498],{"class":102},[84,71251,2212],{"class":106},[84,71253,282],{"class":102},[84,71255,7667],{"class":106},[84,71257,282],{"class":102},[84,71259,7672],{"class":106},[84,71261,282],{"class":102},[84,71263,7667],{"class":106},[84,71265,317],{"class":102},[84,71267,71268],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71269,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,71271,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,71273,122],{"class":90},[84,71275,425],{"class":102},[84,71277,34672],{"class":121},[84,71279,103],{"class":102},[84,71281,15636],{"class":106},[84,71283,110],{"class":102},[84,71285,71286,71288,71290,71292],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,71287,116],{"class":98},[84,71289,103],{"class":102},[84,71291,122],{"class":121},[84,71293,110],{"class":102},[24,71295,265],{},[75,71297,71299],{"className":77,"code":71298,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71300,71301],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71302,71303,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71304,292],{"class":102},[84,71306,2212],{"class":106},[84,71308,282],{"class":102},[84,71310,7672],{"class":106},[84,71312,282],{"class":102},[84,71314,7667],{"class":106},[84,71316,317],{"class":102},[24,71318,71319,71320,71323,71324,425],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71321,71322],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71325,838],{},[24,71327,56472,71328,71331,71332,425],{},[15,71329,71330],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71333,15636],{},[24,71335,71336,71337,425],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[419,71338,54936],{"href":54935},[70,71340,1434],{"id":1433},[24,71342,71343,71344,881],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71345,12645],{},[33,71347,71348,71351,71354,71360,71364],{},[36,71349,71350],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[36,71352,71353],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[36,71355,37076,71356,8582,71358],{},[15,71357,12645],{},[15,71359,1266],{},[36,71361,8329,71362,61838],{},[15,71363,12645],{},[36,71365,71366],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[24,71368,71369],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[75,71371,71373],{"className":77,"code":71372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71374,71375,71385,71399,71413,71431],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71376,71377,71379,71381,71383],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71378,116],{"class":98},[84,71380,103],{"class":102},[84,71382,8216],{"class":121},[84,71384,110],{"class":102},[84,71386,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71388,116],{"class":98},[84,71390,103],{"class":102},[84,71392,602],{"class":98},[84,71394,103],{"class":102},[84,71396,8216],{"class":121},[84,71398,232],{"class":102},[84,71400,71401,71403,71405,71407,71409,71411],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,71402,116],{"class":98},[84,71404,103],{"class":102},[84,71406,8216],{"class":121},[84,71408,425],{"class":102},[84,71410,26117],{"class":121},[84,71412,7069],{"class":102},[84,71414,71415,71417,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,71416,116],{"class":98},[84,71418,103],{"class":102},[84,71420,8216],{"class":121},[84,71422,425],{"class":102},[84,71424,26117],{"class":121},[84,71426,103],{"class":102},[84,71428,279],{"class":106},[84,71430,232],{"class":102},[84,71432,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441,71443],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,71434,116],{"class":98},[84,71436,103],{"class":102},[84,71438,334],{"class":139},[84,71440,103],{"class":102},[84,71442,35722],{"class":121},[84,71444,232],{"class":102},[24,71446,71447],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[33,71449,71450,71456],{},[36,71451,71452,71455],{},[15,71453,71454],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[36,71457,71458,71461],{},[15,71459,71460],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[24,71463,71464,71465,71468],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71466,71467],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[70,71470,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,71472,71474],{"id":71473},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[24,71476,71477,71478,71480],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71479,12645],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1667,71482,71484],{"id":71483},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[24,71486,71487,71489,71490,71492,71493,425],{},[15,71488,12645],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71491,1266],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71494,3653],{},[1667,71496,71498],{"id":71497},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[24,71500,71501,71502,71505],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71503,71504],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1667,71507,71509],{"id":71508},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[24,71511,71512,71513,71515],{},"Python raises ",[15,71514,70594],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[70,71517,1777],{"id":1776},[33,71519,71520,71524,71529,71534,71539],{},[36,71521,71522],{},[419,71523,55383],{"href":54935},[36,71525,71526],{},[419,71527,71528],{"href":54940},"Python list remove() method",[36,71530,71531],{},[419,71532,71533],{"href":58833},"Python list index() method",[36,71535,71536],{},[419,71537,71538],{"href":50848},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[36,71540,71541],{},[419,71542,69123],{"href":69122},[1814,71544,71545],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":71547},[71548,71549,71550,71551,71552,71553,71554,71559,71565,71566,71572],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":69723,"depth":113,"text":69724},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":70033,"depth":113,"text":70034},{"id":70162,"depth":113,"text":70163},{"id":70433,"depth":113,"text":70434},{"id":70580,"depth":113,"text":70581,"children":71555},[71556,71557,71558],{"id":70584,"depth":132,"text":70585},{"id":70722,"depth":132,"text":70723},{"id":70905,"depth":132,"text":70906},{"id":71102,"depth":113,"text":71103,"children":71560},[71561,71563],{"id":71109,"depth":132,"text":71562},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71125,"depth":132,"text":71564},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":71567},[71568,71569,71570,71571],{"id":71473,"depth":132,"text":71474},{"id":71483,"depth":132,"text":71484},{"id":71497,"depth":132,"text":71498},{"id":71508,"depth":132,"text":71509},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69590,"description":71573},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71580,"title":71581,"body":71582,"description":73368,"extension":1845,"meta":73369,"navigation":237,"path":73370,"seo":73371,"stem":73372,"__hash__":73373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71583,"toc":73350},[71584,71587,71592,71598,71600,71670,71676,71680,71685,71706,71709,71776,71778,71799,71807,71809,71828,71844,71846,71911,71913,71938,71940,71942,72007,72009,72034,72036,72050,72053,72106,72108,72129,72133,72141,72214,72216,72249,72255,72261,72352,72354,72379,72385,72474,72476,72500,72502,72506,72561,72563,72595,72598,72601,72695,72697,72730,72736,72742,72746,72753,72779,72783,72848,72850,72875,72879,72960,72962,72991,72996,73001,73007,73011,73018,73040,73044,73103,73105,73129,73138,73143,73145,73149,73178,73180,73255,73258,73272,73278,73280,73284,73287,73291,73296,73300,73309,73313,73321,73323,73347],[10,71585,71581],{"id":71586},"python-list-remove-method",[24,71588,1862,71589,71591],{},[15,71590,54943],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[24,71593,71594,71595,71597],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[42,71596,2354],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[70,71599,1887],{"id":1886},[75,71601,71603],{"className":77,"code":71602,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71604,71605,71637,71655,71665],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71606,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71608,7656],{"class":90},[84,71610,95],{"class":94},[84,71612,3498],{"class":102},[84,71614,854],{"class":387},[84,71616,3952],{"class":391},[84,71618,854],{"class":387},[84,71620,282],{"class":102},[84,71622,3230],{"class":387},[84,71624,3961],{"class":391},[84,71626,854],{"class":387},[84,71628,282],{"class":102},[84,71630,3230],{"class":387},[84,71632,33098],{"class":391},[84,71634,854],{"class":387},[84,71636,317],{"class":102},[84,71638,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71640,7687],{"class":90},[84,71642,425],{"class":102},[84,71644,34672],{"class":121},[84,71646,103],{"class":102},[84,71648,854],{"class":387},[84,71650,3961],{"class":391},[84,71652,854],{"class":387},[84,71654,110],{"class":102},[84,71656,71657,71659,71661,71663],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,71658,116],{"class":98},[84,71660,103],{"class":102},[84,71662,7687],{"class":121},[84,71664,110],{"class":102},[84,71666,71667],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,71668,71669],{"class":128},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[24,71671,153,71672,71675],{},[15,71673,71674],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[70,71677,71679],{"id":71678},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[24,71681,71682,71684],{},[15,71683,1266],{}," is a list method that:",[33,71686,71687,71693,71698,71703],{},[36,71688,71689,71690,71692],{},"Deletes the ",[42,71691,29784],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[36,71694,71695,71696],{},"Changes the original list ",[42,71697,11213],{},[36,71699,12586,71700,71702],{},[42,71701,1367],{}," return a new list",[36,71704,71705],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[24,71707,71708],{},"This is important for beginners:",[75,71710,71712],{"className":77,"code":71711,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71713,71714,71734,71752,71756,71766],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71715,71716,71718,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71717,91],{"class":90},[84,71719,95],{"class":94},[84,71721,3498],{"class":102},[84,71723,838],{"class":106},[84,71725,282],{"class":102},[84,71727,304],{"class":106},[84,71729,282],{"class":102},[84,71731,309],{"class":106},[84,71733,317],{"class":102},[84,71735,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71737,2110],{"class":90},[84,71739,95],{"class":94},[84,71741,4137],{"class":90},[84,71743,425],{"class":102},[84,71745,34672],{"class":121},[84,71747,103],{"class":102},[84,71749,568],{"class":106},[84,71751,110],{"class":102},[84,71753,71754],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,71755,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,71757,71758,71760,71762,71764],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,71759,116],{"class":98},[84,71761,103],{"class":102},[84,71763,122],{"class":121},[84,71765,110],{"class":102},[84,71767,71768,71770,71772,71774],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,71769,116],{"class":98},[84,71771,103],{"class":102},[84,71773,2145],{"class":121},[84,71775,110],{"class":102},[24,71777,265],{},[75,71779,71781],{"className":77,"code":71780,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71782,71783,71795],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71784,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71786,292],{"class":102},[84,71788,838],{"class":106},[84,71790,282],{"class":102},[84,71792,309],{"class":106},[84,71794,317],{"class":102},[84,71796,71797],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71798,11689],{"class":659},[24,71800,71801,71802,71804,71805,425],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71803,1266],{}," itself returned ",[15,71806,3653],{},[70,71808,5305],{"id":5304},[75,71810,71812],{"className":77,"code":71811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71813,71814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71815,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71817,140],{"class":139},[84,71819,425],{"class":102},[84,71821,34672],{"class":121},[84,71823,103],{"class":102},[84,71825,2354],{"class":121},[84,71827,110],{"class":102},[33,71829,71830,71835,71838],{},[36,71831,71832,71834],{},[15,71833,2354],{}," is the item you want to delete",[36,71836,71837],{},"Python searches from left to right",[36,71839,71840,71841,71843],{},"Only the ",[42,71842,29784],{}," matching value is removed",[24,71845,190],{},[75,71847,71849],{"className":77,"code":71848,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71850,71851,71883,71901],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71852,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71854,35967],{"class":90},[84,71856,95],{"class":94},[84,71858,3498],{"class":102},[84,71860,854],{"class":387},[84,71862,419],{"class":391},[84,71864,854],{"class":387},[84,71866,282],{"class":102},[84,71868,3230],{"class":387},[84,71870,4634],{"class":391},[84,71872,854],{"class":387},[84,71874,282],{"class":102},[84,71876,3230],{"class":387},[84,71878,9619],{"class":391},[84,71880,854],{"class":387},[84,71882,317],{"class":102},[84,71884,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71886,36019],{"class":90},[84,71888,425],{"class":102},[84,71890,34672],{"class":121},[84,71892,103],{"class":102},[84,71894,854],{"class":387},[84,71896,4634],{"class":391},[84,71898,854],{"class":387},[84,71900,110],{"class":102},[84,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,71904,116],{"class":98},[84,71906,103],{"class":102},[84,71908,36019],{"class":121},[84,71910,110],{"class":102},[24,71912,265],{},[75,71914,71916],{"className":77,"code":71915,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71917,71918],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71919,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71921,292],{"class":102},[84,71923,394],{"class":387},[84,71925,419],{"class":391},[84,71927,394],{"class":387},[84,71929,282],{"class":102},[84,71931,388],{"class":387},[84,71933,9619],{"class":391},[84,71935,394],{"class":387},[84,71937,317],{"class":102},[70,71939,5661],{"id":5660},[24,71941,65038],{},[75,71943,71945],{"className":77,"code":71944,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71946,71947,71979,71997],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71948,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71950,12959],{"class":90},[84,71952,95],{"class":94},[84,71954,3498],{"class":102},[84,71956,854],{"class":387},[84,71958,12976],{"class":391},[84,71960,854],{"class":387},[84,71962,282],{"class":102},[84,71964,3230],{"class":387},[84,71966,12993],{"class":391},[84,71968,854],{"class":387},[84,71970,282],{"class":102},[84,71972,3230],{"class":387},[84,71974,17338],{"class":391},[84,71976,854],{"class":387},[84,71978,317],{"class":102},[84,71980,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,71982,17385],{"class":90},[84,71984,425],{"class":102},[84,71986,34672],{"class":121},[84,71988,103],{"class":102},[84,71990,854],{"class":387},[84,71992,12993],{"class":391},[84,71994,854],{"class":387},[84,71996,110],{"class":102},[84,71998,71999,72001,72003,72005],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72000,116],{"class":98},[84,72002,103],{"class":102},[84,72004,17385],{"class":121},[84,72006,110],{"class":102},[24,72008,265],{},[75,72010,72012],{"className":77,"code":72011,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72013,72014],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72015,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72017,292],{"class":102},[84,72019,394],{"class":387},[84,72021,12976],{"class":391},[84,72023,394],{"class":387},[84,72025,282],{"class":102},[84,72027,388],{"class":387},[84,72029,17338],{"class":391},[84,72031,394],{"class":387},[84,72033,317],{"class":102},[24,72035,11564],{},[33,72037,72038,72041,72047],{},[36,72039,72040],{},"A list is created with three values",[36,72042,72043,72046],{},[15,72044,72045],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[36,72048,72049],{},"The list is printed after the change",[24,72051,72052],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[75,72054,72056],{"className":77,"code":72055,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72057,72058,72082,72096],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72059,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72061,4937],{"class":90},[84,72063,95],{"class":94},[84,72065,3498],{"class":102},[84,72067,2212],{"class":106},[84,72069,282],{"class":102},[84,72071,7667],{"class":106},[84,72073,282],{"class":102},[84,72075,7672],{"class":106},[84,72077,282],{"class":102},[84,72079,50712],{"class":106},[84,72081,317],{"class":102},[84,72083,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72085,16271],{"class":90},[84,72087,425],{"class":102},[84,72089,34672],{"class":121},[84,72091,103],{"class":102},[84,72093,36713],{"class":106},[84,72095,110],{"class":102},[84,72097,72098,72100,72102,72104],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72099,116],{"class":98},[84,72101,103],{"class":102},[84,72103,16271],{"class":121},[84,72105,110],{"class":102},[24,72107,265],{},[75,72109,72111],{"className":77,"code":72110,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72112,72113],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72114,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72116,292],{"class":102},[84,72118,2212],{"class":106},[84,72120,282],{"class":102},[84,72122,7667],{"class":106},[84,72124,282],{"class":102},[84,72126,50712],{"class":106},[84,72128,317],{"class":102},[70,72130,72132],{"id":72131},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[24,72134,65028,72135,72137,72138,72140],{},[15,72136,1266],{}," deletes only the ",[42,72139,29784],{}," one.",[75,72142,72144],{"className":77,"code":72143,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72145,72146,72186,72204],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72147,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72149,7656],{"class":90},[84,72151,95],{"class":94},[84,72153,3498],{"class":102},[84,72155,854],{"class":387},[84,72157,3952],{"class":391},[84,72159,854],{"class":387},[84,72161,282],{"class":102},[84,72163,3230],{"class":387},[84,72165,3961],{"class":391},[84,72167,854],{"class":387},[84,72169,282],{"class":102},[84,72171,3230],{"class":387},[84,72173,3952],{"class":391},[84,72175,854],{"class":387},[84,72177,282],{"class":102},[84,72179,3230],{"class":387},[84,72181,33098],{"class":391},[84,72183,854],{"class":387},[84,72185,317],{"class":102},[84,72187,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72189,7687],{"class":90},[84,72191,425],{"class":102},[84,72193,34672],{"class":121},[84,72195,103],{"class":102},[84,72197,854],{"class":387},[84,72199,3952],{"class":391},[84,72201,854],{"class":387},[84,72203,110],{"class":102},[84,72205,72206,72208,72210,72212],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72207,116],{"class":98},[84,72209,103],{"class":102},[84,72211,7687],{"class":121},[84,72213,110],{"class":102},[24,72215,265],{},[75,72217,72219],{"className":77,"code":72218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72220,72221],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72222,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72224,292],{"class":102},[84,72226,394],{"class":387},[84,72228,3961],{"class":391},[84,72230,394],{"class":387},[84,72232,282],{"class":102},[84,72234,388],{"class":387},[84,72236,3952],{"class":391},[84,72238,394],{"class":387},[84,72240,282],{"class":102},[84,72242,388],{"class":387},[84,72244,33098],{"class":391},[84,72246,394],{"class":387},[84,72248,317],{"class":102},[24,72250,72251,72252,72254],{},"Only the first ",[15,72253,57701],{}," was removed.",[24,72256,72257,72258,72260],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72259,1266],{}," again:",[75,72262,72264],{"className":77,"code":72263,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72265,72266,72306,72324,72342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72267,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72269,7656],{"class":90},[84,72271,95],{"class":94},[84,72273,3498],{"class":102},[84,72275,854],{"class":387},[84,72277,3952],{"class":391},[84,72279,854],{"class":387},[84,72281,282],{"class":102},[84,72283,3230],{"class":387},[84,72285,3961],{"class":391},[84,72287,854],{"class":387},[84,72289,282],{"class":102},[84,72291,3230],{"class":387},[84,72293,3952],{"class":391},[84,72295,854],{"class":387},[84,72297,282],{"class":102},[84,72299,3230],{"class":387},[84,72301,33098],{"class":391},[84,72303,854],{"class":387},[84,72305,317],{"class":102},[84,72307,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72309,7687],{"class":90},[84,72311,425],{"class":102},[84,72313,34672],{"class":121},[84,72315,103],{"class":102},[84,72317,854],{"class":387},[84,72319,3952],{"class":391},[84,72321,854],{"class":387},[84,72323,110],{"class":102},[84,72325,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72327,7687],{"class":90},[84,72329,425],{"class":102},[84,72331,34672],{"class":121},[84,72333,103],{"class":102},[84,72335,854],{"class":387},[84,72337,3952],{"class":391},[84,72339,854],{"class":387},[84,72341,110],{"class":102},[84,72343,72344,72346,72348,72350],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,72345,116],{"class":98},[84,72347,103],{"class":102},[84,72349,7687],{"class":121},[84,72351,110],{"class":102},[24,72353,265],{},[75,72355,72357],{"className":77,"code":72356,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72358,72359],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72360,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72362,292],{"class":102},[84,72364,394],{"class":387},[84,72366,3961],{"class":391},[84,72368,394],{"class":387},[84,72370,282],{"class":102},[84,72372,388],{"class":387},[84,72374,33098],{"class":391},[84,72376,394],{"class":387},[84,72378,317],{"class":102},[24,72380,72381,72382,72384],{},"If you need to remove ",[42,72383,3590],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[75,72386,72388],{"className":77,"code":72387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72389,72390,72430,72464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72391,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72393,7656],{"class":90},[84,72395,95],{"class":94},[84,72397,3498],{"class":102},[84,72399,854],{"class":387},[84,72401,3952],{"class":391},[84,72403,854],{"class":387},[84,72405,282],{"class":102},[84,72407,3230],{"class":387},[84,72409,3961],{"class":391},[84,72411,854],{"class":387},[84,72413,282],{"class":102},[84,72415,3230],{"class":387},[84,72417,3952],{"class":391},[84,72419,854],{"class":387},[84,72421,282],{"class":102},[84,72423,3230],{"class":387},[84,72425,33098],{"class":391},[84,72427,854],{"class":387},[84,72429,317],{"class":102},[84,72431,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72449,72451,72453,72456,72458,72460,72462],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72433,7656],{"class":90},[84,72435,95],{"class":94},[84,72437,3498],{"class":102},[84,72439,28415],{"class":90},[84,72441,440],{"class":470},[84,72443,5834],{"class":90},[84,72445,476],{"class":470},[84,72447,72448],{"class":90}," items ",[84,72450,6872],{"class":470},[84,72452,5834],{"class":90},[84,72454,72455],{"class":94},"!=",[84,72457,3230],{"class":387},[84,72459,3952],{"class":391},[84,72461,854],{"class":387},[84,72463,317],{"class":102},[84,72465,72466,72468,72470,72472],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72467,116],{"class":98},[84,72469,103],{"class":102},[84,72471,7687],{"class":121},[84,72473,110],{"class":102},[24,72475,265],{},[75,72477,72478],{"className":77,"code":72356,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,72479,72480],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72481,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72483,292],{"class":102},[84,72485,394],{"class":387},[84,72487,3961],{"class":391},[84,72489,394],{"class":387},[84,72491,282],{"class":102},[84,72493,388],{"class":387},[84,72495,33098],{"class":391},[84,72497,394],{"class":387},[84,72499,317],{"class":102},[70,72501,65494],{"id":65493},[24,72503,65497,72504,425],{},[15,72505,40575],{},[75,72507,72509],{"className":77,"code":72508,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72510,72511,72543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72512,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72514,7656],{"class":90},[84,72516,95],{"class":94},[84,72518,3498],{"class":102},[84,72520,854],{"class":387},[84,72522,3952],{"class":391},[84,72524,854],{"class":387},[84,72526,282],{"class":102},[84,72528,3230],{"class":387},[84,72530,3961],{"class":391},[84,72532,854],{"class":387},[84,72534,282],{"class":102},[84,72536,3230],{"class":387},[84,72538,33098],{"class":391},[84,72540,854],{"class":387},[84,72542,317],{"class":102},[84,72544,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72546,7687],{"class":90},[84,72548,425],{"class":102},[84,72550,34672],{"class":121},[84,72552,103],{"class":102},[84,72554,854],{"class":387},[84,72556,22414],{"class":391},[84,72558,854],{"class":387},[84,72560,110],{"class":102},[24,72562,265],{},[75,72564,72566],{"className":77,"code":72565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72567,72568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72569,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72571,40575],{"class":139},[84,72573,881],{"class":102},[84,72575,220],{"class":139},[84,72577,425],{"class":102},[84,72579,34672],{"class":121},[84,72581,103],{"class":102},[84,72583,2055],{"class":121},[84,72585,16334],{"class":102},[84,72587,3755],{"class":90},[84,72589,1367],{"class":94},[84,72591,620],{"class":94},[84,72593,72594],{"class":139}," list\n",[24,72596,72597],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[24,72599,72600],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[75,72602,72604],{"className":77,"code":72603,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72605,72606,72638,72650,72654,72666,72681,72685],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72607,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72609,7656],{"class":90},[84,72611,95],{"class":94},[84,72613,3498],{"class":102},[84,72615,854],{"class":387},[84,72617,3952],{"class":391},[84,72619,854],{"class":387},[84,72621,282],{"class":102},[84,72623,3230],{"class":387},[84,72625,3961],{"class":391},[84,72627,854],{"class":387},[84,72629,282],{"class":102},[84,72631,3230],{"class":387},[84,72633,33098],{"class":391},[84,72635,854],{"class":387},[84,72637,317],{"class":102},[84,72639,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72641,2329],{"class":90},[84,72643,95],{"class":94},[84,72645,3230],{"class":387},[84,72647,22414],{"class":391},[84,72649,3236],{"class":387},[84,72651,72652],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72653,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,72655,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,72657,6872],{"class":470},[84,72659,21467],{"class":90},[84,72661,476],{"class":94},[84,72663,5839],{"class":90},[84,72665,6266],{"class":102},[84,72667,72668,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,72669,72670],{"class":90},"    items",[84,72672,425],{"class":102},[84,72674,34672],{"class":121},[84,72676,103],{"class":102},[84,72678,2354],{"class":121},[84,72680,110],{"class":102},[84,72682,72683],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,72684,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,72686,72687,72689,72691,72693],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,72688,116],{"class":98},[84,72690,103],{"class":102},[84,72692,7687],{"class":121},[84,72694,110],{"class":102},[24,72696,265],{},[75,72698,72700],{"className":77,"code":72699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72701,72702],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72703,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72705,292],{"class":102},[84,72707,394],{"class":387},[84,72709,3952],{"class":391},[84,72711,394],{"class":387},[84,72713,282],{"class":102},[84,72715,388],{"class":387},[84,72717,3961],{"class":391},[84,72719,394],{"class":387},[84,72721,282],{"class":102},[84,72723,388],{"class":387},[84,72725,33098],{"class":391},[84,72727,394],{"class":387},[84,72729,317],{"class":102},[24,72731,72732,72733,72735],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72734,1266],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[24,72737,72738,72739,425],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[419,72740,65703],{"href":72741},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[70,72743,72745],{"id":72744},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[24,72747,72748,28,72750,72752],{},[15,72749,1266],{},[15,72751,12645],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[33,72754,72755,72762,72768,72774],{},[36,72756,72757,72759,72760],{},[15,72758,1266],{}," deletes by ",[42,72761,2354],{},[36,72763,72764,72759,72766],{},[15,72765,12645],{},[42,72767,35722],{},[36,72769,72770,2279,72772],{},[15,72771,1266],{},[15,72773,3653],{},[36,72775,72776,72778],{},[15,72777,12645],{}," returns the removed item",[24,72780,45912,72781,881],{},[15,72782,1266],{},[75,72784,72786],{"className":77,"code":72785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72787,72788,72820,72838],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72789,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72791,7656],{"class":90},[84,72793,95],{"class":94},[84,72795,3498],{"class":102},[84,72797,854],{"class":387},[84,72799,3952],{"class":391},[84,72801,854],{"class":387},[84,72803,282],{"class":102},[84,72805,3230],{"class":387},[84,72807,3961],{"class":391},[84,72809,854],{"class":387},[84,72811,282],{"class":102},[84,72813,3230],{"class":387},[84,72815,33098],{"class":391},[84,72817,854],{"class":387},[84,72819,317],{"class":102},[84,72821,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72823,7687],{"class":90},[84,72825,425],{"class":102},[84,72827,34672],{"class":121},[84,72829,103],{"class":102},[84,72831,854],{"class":387},[84,72833,3961],{"class":391},[84,72835,854],{"class":387},[84,72837,110],{"class":102},[84,72839,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72841,116],{"class":98},[84,72843,103],{"class":102},[84,72845,7687],{"class":121},[84,72847,110],{"class":102},[24,72849,265],{},[75,72851,72853],{"className":77,"code":72852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72854,72855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72856,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72858,292],{"class":102},[84,72860,394],{"class":387},[84,72862,3952],{"class":391},[84,72864,394],{"class":387},[84,72866,282],{"class":102},[84,72868,388],{"class":387},[84,72870,33098],{"class":391},[84,72872,394],{"class":387},[84,72874,317],{"class":102},[24,72876,45912,72877,881],{},[15,72878,12645],{},[75,72880,72882],{"className":77,"code":72881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72883,72884,72916,72935,72939,72949],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72885,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72887,7656],{"class":90},[84,72889,95],{"class":94},[84,72891,3498],{"class":102},[84,72893,854],{"class":387},[84,72895,3952],{"class":391},[84,72897,854],{"class":387},[84,72899,282],{"class":102},[84,72901,3230],{"class":387},[84,72903,3961],{"class":391},[84,72905,854],{"class":387},[84,72907,282],{"class":102},[84,72909,3230],{"class":387},[84,72911,33098],{"class":391},[84,72913,854],{"class":387},[84,72915,317],{"class":102},[84,72917,72918,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72919,72920],{"class":90},"removed_item ",[84,72922,95],{"class":94},[84,72924,5839],{"class":90},[84,72926,425],{"class":102},[84,72928,26117],{"class":121},[84,72930,103],{"class":102},[84,72932,838],{"class":106},[84,72934,110],{"class":102},[84,72936,72937],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,72938,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,72942,116],{"class":98},[84,72944,103],{"class":102},[84,72946,7687],{"class":121},[84,72948,110],{"class":102},[84,72950,72951,72953,72955,72958],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,72952,116],{"class":98},[84,72954,103],{"class":102},[84,72956,72957],{"class":121},"removed_item",[84,72959,110],{"class":102},[24,72961,265],{},[75,72963,72965],{"className":77,"code":72964,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72966,72967,72987],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72968,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72970,292],{"class":102},[84,72972,394],{"class":387},[84,72974,3952],{"class":391},[84,72976,394],{"class":387},[84,72978,282],{"class":102},[84,72980,388],{"class":387},[84,72982,33098],{"class":391},[84,72984,394],{"class":387},[84,72986,317],{"class":102},[84,72988,72989],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,72990,70269],{"class":90},[24,72992,153,72993,72995],{},[15,72994,1266],{}," when you know the item value.",[24,72997,153,72998,73000],{},[15,72999,12645],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[24,73002,73003,73004,425],{},"For more detail, see the ",[419,73005,73006],{"href":54947},"Python list pop() method",[70,73008,73010],{"id":73009},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[24,73012,73013,28,73015,73017],{},[15,73014,1266],{},[15,73016,26901],{}," are also different.",[33,73019,73020,73025,73030,73035],{},[36,73021,73022,73024],{},[15,73023,1266],{}," deletes by matching value",[36,73026,73027,73029],{},[15,73028,26901],{}," deletes by index or slice",[36,73031,153,73032,73034],{},[15,73033,26901],{}," when you know the position",[36,73036,153,73037,73039],{},[15,73038,1266],{}," when you know the item value",[24,73041,45912,73042,881],{},[15,73043,26901],{},[75,73045,73047],{"className":77,"code":73046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73048,73049,73081,73093],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73050,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73052,7656],{"class":90},[84,73054,95],{"class":94},[84,73056,3498],{"class":102},[84,73058,854],{"class":387},[84,73060,3952],{"class":391},[84,73062,854],{"class":387},[84,73064,282],{"class":102},[84,73066,3230],{"class":387},[84,73068,3961],{"class":391},[84,73070,854],{"class":387},[84,73072,282],{"class":102},[84,73074,3230],{"class":387},[84,73076,33098],{"class":391},[84,73078,854],{"class":387},[84,73080,317],{"class":102},[84,73082,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73084,26901],{"class":470},[84,73086,5839],{"class":90},[84,73088,292],{"class":102},[84,73090,838],{"class":106},[84,73092,317],{"class":102},[84,73094,73095,73097,73099,73101],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73096,116],{"class":98},[84,73098,103],{"class":102},[84,73100,7687],{"class":121},[84,73102,110],{"class":102},[24,73104,265],{},[75,73106,73107],{"className":77,"code":72852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,73108,73109],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73110,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73112,292],{"class":102},[84,73114,394],{"class":387},[84,73116,3952],{"class":391},[84,73118,394],{"class":387},[84,73120,282],{"class":102},[84,73122,388],{"class":387},[84,73124,33098],{"class":391},[84,73126,394],{"class":387},[84,73128,317],{"class":102},[24,73130,73131,73132,73134,73135,73137],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73133,838],{},", not the value ",[15,73136,65138],{}," directly.",[24,73139,73140,73141,425],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[419,73142,54936],{"href":54935},[70,73144,1434],{"id":1433},[24,73146,21094,73147,881],{},[15,73148,1266],{},[33,73150,73151,73154,73159,73166,73175],{},[36,73152,73153],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[36,73155,8329,73156,73158],{},[15,73157,1266],{}," to delete all matching values",[36,73160,12476,73161,73163,73164],{},[15,73162,1266],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73165,3653],{},[36,73167,1442,73168,44502,73170,2759,73172,73174],{},[15,73169,1266],{},[15,73171,12645],{},[15,73173,26901],{}," would be a better fit",[36,73176,73177],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[24,73179,71369],{},[75,73181,73183],{"className":77,"code":73182,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73184,73185,73195,73209,73227,73241],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73186,73187,73189,73191,73193],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73188,116],{"class":98},[84,73190,103],{"class":102},[84,73192,8216],{"class":121},[84,73194,110],{"class":102},[84,73196,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73198,116],{"class":98},[84,73200,103],{"class":102},[84,73202,2329],{"class":121},[84,73204,476],{"class":470},[84,73206,8272],{"class":121},[84,73208,110],{"class":102},[84,73210,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73212,116],{"class":98},[84,73214,103],{"class":102},[84,73216,8216],{"class":121},[84,73218,425],{"class":102},[84,73220,41131],{"class":121},[84,73222,103],{"class":102},[84,73224,2354],{"class":121},[84,73226,232],{"class":102},[84,73228,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,73230,116],{"class":98},[84,73232,103],{"class":102},[84,73234,334],{"class":139},[84,73236,103],{"class":102},[84,73238,8216],{"class":121},[84,73240,232],{"class":102},[84,73242,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,73244,32029],{"class":98},[84,73246,103],{"class":102},[84,73248,140],{"class":139},[84,73250,425],{"class":102},[84,73252,34672],{"class":24629},[84,73254,110],{"class":102},[24,73256,73257],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[33,73259,73260,73263,73266,73269],{},[36,73261,73262],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[36,73264,73265],{},"How many times does it appear?",[36,73267,73268],{},"Am I working with a list?",[36,73270,73271],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[24,73273,73274,73275,73277],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[419,73276,71533],{"href":58833}," may also help.",[70,73279,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,73281,73283],{"id":73282},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[24,73285,73286],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1667,73288,73290],{"id":73289},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[24,73292,5022,73293,73295],{},[15,73294,3653],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1667,73297,73299],{"id":73298},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[24,73301,73302,73303,73306,73307,425],{},"Check with ",[15,73304,73305],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73308,1266],{},[1667,73310,73312],{"id":73311},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[24,73314,153,73315,73317,73318,73320],{},[15,73316,1266],{}," for a value and ",[15,73319,12645],{}," for an index.",[70,73322,1777],{"id":1776},[33,73324,73325,73329,73333,73337,73341],{},[36,73326,73327],{},[419,73328,55383],{"href":54935},[36,73330,73331],{},[419,73332,73006],{"href":54947},[36,73334,73335],{},[419,73336,71533],{"href":58833},[36,73338,73339],{},[419,73340,65703],{"href":72741},[36,73342,73343],{},[419,73344,73346],{"href":73345},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1814,73348,73349],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":73351},[73352,73353,73354,73355,73356,73357,73358,73359,73360,73361,73367],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":71678,"depth":113,"text":71679},{"id":5304,"depth":113,"text":5305},{"id":5660,"depth":113,"text":5661},{"id":72131,"depth":113,"text":72132},{"id":65493,"depth":113,"text":65494},{"id":72744,"depth":113,"text":72745},{"id":73009,"depth":113,"text":73010},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":73362},[73363,73364,73365,73366],{"id":73282,"depth":132,"text":73283},{"id":73289,"depth":132,"text":73290},{"id":73298,"depth":132,"text":73299},{"id":73311,"depth":132,"text":73312},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71581,"description":73368},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73375,"title":73376,"body":73377,"description":75268,"extension":1845,"meta":75269,"navigation":237,"path":75270,"seo":75271,"stem":75272,"__hash__":75273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73378,"toc":75238},[73379,73385,73391,73394,73405,73407,73456,73461,73466,73470,73485,73487,73552,73554,73595,73597,73599,73614,73616,73627,73629,73686,73688,73721,73723,73726,73775,73777,73802,73804,73820,73826,73833,73894,73896,73929,73934,73937,74017,74019,74080,74086,74090,74093,74157,74159,74184,74186,74206,74208,74257,74259,74280,74289,74292,74296,74301,74346,74348,74369,74375,74380,74388,74452,74454,74491,74497,74501,74508,74573,74575,74612,74616,74633,74643,74648,74653,74664,74671,74673,74679,74702,74705,74732,74737,74740,74841,74843,74898,74901,75008,75010,75081,75084,75110,75112,75117,75121,75129,75134,75139,75145,75150,75154,75157,75174,75177,75197,75205,75207,75235],[10,73380,54210,73382,11201],{"id":73381},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73383,73384],{},"reverse()",[24,73386,73387,73390],{},[15,73388,73389],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[24,73392,73393],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[24,73395,73396,73397,73399,73400,73404],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73398,73384],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[419,73401,73403],{"href":73402},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[70,73406,73],{"id":72},[75,73408,73410],{"className":77,"code":73409,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73411,73412,73432,73443],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73413,73414,73416,73418,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73415,91],{"class":90},[84,73417,95],{"class":94},[84,73419,3498],{"class":102},[84,73421,838],{"class":106},[84,73423,282],{"class":102},[84,73425,304],{"class":106},[84,73427,282],{"class":102},[84,73429,309],{"class":106},[84,73431,317],{"class":102},[84,73433,73434,73436,73438,73441],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73435,122],{"class":90},[84,73437,425],{"class":102},[84,73439,73440],{"class":121},"reverse",[84,73442,8520],{"class":102},[84,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73446,116],{"class":98},[84,73448,103],{"class":102},[84,73450,122],{"class":121},[84,73452,125],{"class":102},[84,73454,73455],{"class":128},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[24,73457,73458,73460],{},[15,73459,73384],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[70,73462,429,73464,3554],{"id":73463},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73465,73389],{},[24,73467,73468,881],{},[15,73469,73389],{},[33,73471,73472,73475,73478,73482],{},[36,73473,73474],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[36,73476,73477],{},"Changes the original list directly",[36,73479,11303,73480],{},[15,73481,3653],{},[36,73483,73484],{},"Works only on list objects",[24,73486,190],{},[75,73488,73490],{"className":77,"code":73489,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73491,73492,73532,73542],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73493,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73495,35967],{"class":90},[84,73497,95],{"class":94},[84,73499,3498],{"class":102},[84,73501,854],{"class":387},[84,73503,419],{"class":391},[84,73505,854],{"class":387},[84,73507,282],{"class":102},[84,73509,3230],{"class":387},[84,73511,4634],{"class":391},[84,73513,854],{"class":387},[84,73515,282],{"class":102},[84,73517,3230],{"class":387},[84,73519,9619],{"class":391},[84,73521,854],{"class":387},[84,73523,282],{"class":102},[84,73525,3230],{"class":387},[84,73527,18651],{"class":391},[84,73529,854],{"class":387},[84,73531,317],{"class":102},[84,73533,73534,73536,73538,73540],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73535,36019],{"class":90},[84,73537,425],{"class":102},[84,73539,73440],{"class":121},[84,73541,8520],{"class":102},[84,73543,73544,73546,73548,73550],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73545,116],{"class":98},[84,73547,103],{"class":102},[84,73549,36019],{"class":121},[84,73551,110],{"class":102},[24,73553,265],{},[75,73555,73557],{"className":77,"code":73556,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73558,73559],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73560,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73562,292],{"class":102},[84,73564,394],{"class":387},[84,73566,18651],{"class":391},[84,73568,394],{"class":387},[84,73570,282],{"class":102},[84,73572,388],{"class":387},[84,73574,9619],{"class":391},[84,73576,394],{"class":387},[84,73578,282],{"class":102},[84,73580,388],{"class":387},[84,73582,4634],{"class":391},[84,73584,394],{"class":387},[84,73586,282],{"class":102},[84,73588,388],{"class":387},[84,73590,419],{"class":391},[84,73592,394],{"class":387},[84,73594,317],{"class":102},[70,73596,2038],{"id":2037},[24,73598,2041],{},[75,73600,73602],{"className":77,"code":73601,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73603,73604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73605,73606,73608,73610,73612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73607,8216],{"class":90},[84,73609,425],{"class":102},[84,73611,73440],{"class":121},[84,73613,8520],{"class":102},[24,73615,12935],{},[33,73617,73618,73621,73624],{},[36,73619,73620],{},"No arguments are needed",[36,73622,73623],{},"You call it on an existing list",[36,73625,73626],{},"It only works on lists",[24,73628,190],{},[75,73630,73632],{"className":77,"code":73631,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73633,73634,73666,73676],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73635,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73637,12959],{"class":90},[84,73639,95],{"class":94},[84,73641,3498],{"class":102},[84,73643,854],{"class":387},[84,73645,12976],{"class":391},[84,73647,854],{"class":387},[84,73649,282],{"class":102},[84,73651,3230],{"class":387},[84,73653,17338],{"class":391},[84,73655,854],{"class":387},[84,73657,282],{"class":102},[84,73659,3230],{"class":387},[84,73661,12993],{"class":391},[84,73663,854],{"class":387},[84,73665,317],{"class":102},[84,73667,73668,73670,73672,73674],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73669,17385],{"class":90},[84,73671,425],{"class":102},[84,73673,73440],{"class":121},[84,73675,8520],{"class":102},[84,73677,73678,73680,73682,73684],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73679,116],{"class":98},[84,73681,103],{"class":102},[84,73683,17385],{"class":121},[84,73685,110],{"class":102},[24,73687,265],{},[75,73689,73691],{"className":77,"code":73690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73692,73693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73694,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703,73705,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73696,292],{"class":102},[84,73698,394],{"class":387},[84,73700,12993],{"class":391},[84,73702,394],{"class":387},[84,73704,282],{"class":102},[84,73706,388],{"class":387},[84,73708,17338],{"class":391},[84,73710,394],{"class":387},[84,73712,282],{"class":102},[84,73714,388],{"class":387},[84,73716,12976],{"class":391},[84,73718,394],{"class":387},[84,73720,317],{"class":102},[70,73722,11355],{"id":11354},[24,73724,73725],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[75,73727,73729],{"className":77,"code":73728,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73730,73731,73755,73765],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73732,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751,73753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73734,91],{"class":90},[84,73736,95],{"class":94},[84,73738,3498],{"class":102},[84,73740,2212],{"class":106},[84,73742,282],{"class":102},[84,73744,7667],{"class":106},[84,73746,282],{"class":102},[84,73748,7672],{"class":106},[84,73750,282],{"class":102},[84,73752,50712],{"class":106},[84,73754,317],{"class":102},[84,73756,73757,73759,73761,73763],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73758,122],{"class":90},[84,73760,425],{"class":102},[84,73762,73440],{"class":121},[84,73764,8520],{"class":102},[84,73766,73767,73769,73771,73773],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73768,116],{"class":98},[84,73770,103],{"class":102},[84,73772,122],{"class":121},[84,73774,110],{"class":102},[24,73776,265],{},[75,73778,73780],{"className":77,"code":73779,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73781,73782],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73783,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73785,292],{"class":102},[84,73787,56560],{"class":106},[84,73789,282],{"class":102},[84,73791,7672],{"class":106},[84,73793,282],{"class":102},[84,73795,7667],{"class":106},[84,73797,282],{"class":102},[84,73799,573],{"class":106},[84,73801,317],{"class":102},[24,73803,11564],{},[33,73805,73806,73812,73817],{},[36,73807,73808,73809],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73810,73811],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[36,73813,73814,73816],{},[15,73815,73384],{}," flips the order",[36,73818,73819],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[70,73821,73823,73825],{"id":73822},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73824,73384],{}," changes the original list",[24,73827,73828,73829,73832],{},"This method is ",[42,73830,73831],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[75,73834,73836],{"className":77,"code":73835,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73837,73838,73870,73880,73884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73839,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73841,36113],{"class":90},[84,73843,95],{"class":94},[84,73845,3498],{"class":102},[84,73847,854],{"class":387},[84,73849,3952],{"class":391},[84,73851,854],{"class":387},[84,73853,282],{"class":102},[84,73855,3230],{"class":387},[84,73857,3961],{"class":391},[84,73859,854],{"class":387},[84,73861,282],{"class":102},[84,73863,3230],{"class":387},[84,73865,3970],{"class":391},[84,73867,854],{"class":387},[84,73869,317],{"class":102},[84,73871,73872,73874,73876,73878],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73873,36165],{"class":90},[84,73875,425],{"class":102},[84,73877,73440],{"class":121},[84,73879,8520],{"class":102},[84,73881,73882],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73883,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,73885,73886,73888,73890,73892],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,73887,116],{"class":98},[84,73889,103],{"class":102},[84,73891,36165],{"class":121},[84,73893,110],{"class":102},[24,73895,265],{},[75,73897,73899],{"className":77,"code":73898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73900,73901],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73902,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73904,292],{"class":102},[84,73906,394],{"class":387},[84,73908,3970],{"class":391},[84,73910,394],{"class":387},[84,73912,282],{"class":102},[84,73914,388],{"class":387},[84,73916,3961],{"class":391},[84,73918,394],{"class":387},[84,73920,282],{"class":102},[84,73922,388],{"class":387},[84,73924,3952],{"class":391},[84,73926,394],{"class":387},[84,73928,317],{"class":102},[24,73930,153,73931,73933],{},[15,73932,73384],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[24,73935,73936],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[75,73938,73940],{"className":77,"code":73939,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73941,73942,73974,73992,73996,74006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73943,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73945,36113],{"class":90},[84,73947,95],{"class":94},[84,73949,3498],{"class":102},[84,73951,854],{"class":387},[84,73953,3952],{"class":391},[84,73955,854],{"class":387},[84,73957,282],{"class":102},[84,73959,3230],{"class":387},[84,73961,3961],{"class":391},[84,73963,854],{"class":387},[84,73965,282],{"class":102},[84,73967,3230],{"class":387},[84,73969,3970],{"class":391},[84,73971,854],{"class":387},[84,73973,317],{"class":102},[84,73975,73976,73979,73981,73983,73986,73988,73990],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,73977,73978],{"class":90},"reversed_fruits ",[84,73980,95],{"class":94},[84,73982,52720],{"class":90},[84,73984,73985],{"class":102},"[::",[84,73987,1906],{"class":94},[84,73989,838],{"class":106},[84,73991,317],{"class":102},[84,73993,73994],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,73995,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,73997,73998,74000,74002,74004],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,73999,116],{"class":98},[84,74001,103],{"class":102},[84,74003,36165],{"class":121},[84,74005,110],{"class":102},[84,74007,74008,74010,74012,74015],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,74009,116],{"class":98},[84,74011,103],{"class":102},[84,74013,74014],{"class":121},"reversed_fruits",[84,74016,110],{"class":102},[24,74018,265],{},[75,74020,74022],{"className":77,"code":74021,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74023,74024,74052],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74025,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74027,292],{"class":102},[84,74029,394],{"class":387},[84,74031,3952],{"class":391},[84,74033,394],{"class":387},[84,74035,282],{"class":102},[84,74037,388],{"class":387},[84,74039,3961],{"class":391},[84,74041,394],{"class":387},[84,74043,282],{"class":102},[84,74045,388],{"class":387},[84,74047,3970],{"class":391},[84,74049,394],{"class":387},[84,74051,317],{"class":102},[84,74053,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74055,292],{"class":102},[84,74057,394],{"class":387},[84,74059,3970],{"class":391},[84,74061,394],{"class":387},[84,74063,282],{"class":102},[84,74065,388],{"class":387},[84,74067,3961],{"class":391},[84,74069,394],{"class":387},[84,74071,282],{"class":102},[84,74073,388],{"class":387},[84,74075,3952],{"class":391},[84,74077,394],{"class":387},[84,74079,317],{"class":102},[24,74081,74082,74083,425],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[419,74084,74085],{"href":73402},"Python list slicing explained",[70,74087,74089],{"id":74088},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[24,74091,74092],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[75,74094,74096],{"className":77,"code":74095,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74097,74098,74118,74132,74136,74147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74099,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74101,91],{"class":90},[84,74103,95],{"class":94},[84,74105,3498],{"class":102},[84,74107,838],{"class":106},[84,74109,282],{"class":102},[84,74111,304],{"class":106},[84,74113,282],{"class":102},[84,74115,309],{"class":106},[84,74117,317],{"class":102},[84,74119,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74121,55757],{"class":90},[84,74123,95],{"class":94},[84,74125,4137],{"class":90},[84,74127,425],{"class":102},[84,74129,73440],{"class":121},[84,74131,8520],{"class":102},[84,74133,74134],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74135,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74137,74138,74140,74142,74145],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,74139,116],{"class":98},[84,74141,103],{"class":102},[84,74143,74144],{"class":121},"new_list",[84,74146,110],{"class":102},[84,74148,74149,74151,74153,74155],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,74150,116],{"class":98},[84,74152,103],{"class":102},[84,74154,122],{"class":121},[84,74156,110],{"class":102},[24,74158,265],{},[75,74160,74162],{"className":77,"code":74161,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74163,74164,74168],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74165,74166],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74167,11689],{"class":659},[84,74169,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74171,292],{"class":102},[84,74173,1162],{"class":106},[84,74175,282],{"class":102},[84,74177,304],{"class":106},[84,74179,282],{"class":102},[84,74181,299],{"class":106},[84,74183,317],{"class":102},[24,74185,11781],{},[33,74187,74188,74196,74200],{},[36,74189,74190,74192,74193,74195],{},[15,74191,73384],{}," changes ",[15,74194,122],{}," directly",[36,74197,40777,74198,71702],{},[42,74199,1367],{},[36,74201,53522,74202,42027,74204],{},[15,74203,74144],{},[15,74205,3653],{},[24,74207,61764],{},[75,74209,74211],{"className":77,"code":74210,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74212,74213,74233,74243,74247],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74214,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74216,91],{"class":90},[84,74218,95],{"class":94},[84,74220,3498],{"class":102},[84,74222,838],{"class":106},[84,74224,282],{"class":102},[84,74226,304],{"class":106},[84,74228,282],{"class":102},[84,74230,309],{"class":106},[84,74232,317],{"class":102},[84,74234,74235,74237,74239,74241],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74236,122],{"class":90},[84,74238,425],{"class":102},[84,74240,73440],{"class":121},[84,74242,8520],{"class":102},[84,74244,74245],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74246,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74248,74249,74251,74253,74255],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,74250,116],{"class":98},[84,74252,103],{"class":102},[84,74254,122],{"class":121},[84,74256,110],{"class":102},[24,74258,265],{},[75,74260,74262],{"className":77,"code":74261,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74263,74264],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74265,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274,74276,74278],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74267,292],{"class":102},[84,74269,1162],{"class":106},[84,74271,282],{"class":102},[84,74273,304],{"class":106},[84,74275,282],{"class":102},[84,74277,299],{"class":106},[84,74279,317],{"class":102},[70,74281,74283,18,74285,74288],{"id":74282},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74284,73384],{},[15,74286,74287],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[24,74290,74291],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1667,74293,74294],{"id":73440},[15,74295,73384],{},[24,74297,74298,74300],{},[15,74299,73384],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[75,74302,74304],{"className":77,"code":74303,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74305,74306,74326,74336],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74307,74308,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74309,91],{"class":90},[84,74311,95],{"class":94},[84,74313,3498],{"class":102},[84,74315,1162],{"class":106},[84,74317,282],{"class":102},[84,74319,299],{"class":106},[84,74321,282],{"class":102},[84,74323,304],{"class":106},[84,74325,317],{"class":102},[84,74327,74328,74330,74332,74334],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74329,122],{"class":90},[84,74331,425],{"class":102},[84,74333,73440],{"class":121},[84,74335,8520],{"class":102},[84,74337,74338,74340,74342,74344],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74339,116],{"class":98},[84,74341,103],{"class":102},[84,74343,122],{"class":121},[84,74345,110],{"class":102},[24,74347,265],{},[75,74349,74351],{"className":77,"code":74350,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74352,74353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74354,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74356,292],{"class":102},[84,74358,568],{"class":106},[84,74360,282],{"class":102},[84,74362,299],{"class":106},[84,74364,282],{"class":102},[84,74366,309],{"class":106},[84,74368,317],{"class":102},[24,74370,74371,74372,74374],{},"Notice that this is ",[42,74373,1367],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1667,74376,74378],{"id":74377},"sorted",[15,74379,74287],{},[24,74381,74382,74387],{},[419,74383,74385],{"href":74384},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74386,74287],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[75,74389,74391],{"className":77,"code":74390,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74392,74393,74413,74428,74432,74442],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74394,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407,74409,74411],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74396,91],{"class":90},[84,74398,95],{"class":94},[84,74400,3498],{"class":102},[84,74402,1162],{"class":106},[84,74404,282],{"class":102},[84,74406,299],{"class":106},[84,74408,282],{"class":102},[84,74410,304],{"class":106},[84,74412,317],{"class":102},[84,74414,74415,74417,74419,74422,74424,74426],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74416,2110],{"class":90},[84,74418,95],{"class":94},[84,74420,74421],{"class":98}," sorted",[84,74423,103],{"class":102},[84,74425,122],{"class":121},[84,74427,110],{"class":102},[84,74429,74430],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74431,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74433,74434,74436,74438,74440],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,74435,116],{"class":98},[84,74437,103],{"class":102},[84,74439,122],{"class":121},[84,74441,110],{"class":102},[84,74443,74444,74446,74448,74450],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,74445,116],{"class":98},[84,74447,103],{"class":102},[84,74449,2145],{"class":121},[84,74451,110],{"class":102},[24,74453,265],{},[75,74455,74457],{"className":77,"code":74456,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74458,74459,74475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74460,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74462,292],{"class":102},[84,74464,1162],{"class":106},[84,74466,282],{"class":102},[84,74468,299],{"class":106},[84,74470,282],{"class":102},[84,74472,304],{"class":106},[84,74474,317],{"class":102},[84,74476,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74478,292],{"class":102},[84,74480,838],{"class":106},[84,74482,282],{"class":102},[84,74484,304],{"class":106},[84,74486,282],{"class":102},[84,74488,309],{"class":106},[84,74490,317],{"class":102},[24,74492,74493,74494,425],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74495,74496],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1667,74498,74500],{"id":74499},"slicing","Slicing",[24,74502,74503,74504,74507],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74505,74506],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[75,74509,74511],{"className":77,"code":74510,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74512,74513,74533,74549,74553,74563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74514,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74516,91],{"class":90},[84,74518,95],{"class":94},[84,74520,3498],{"class":102},[84,74522,1162],{"class":106},[84,74524,282],{"class":102},[84,74526,299],{"class":106},[84,74528,282],{"class":102},[84,74530,304],{"class":106},[84,74532,317],{"class":102},[84,74534,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74536,2110],{"class":90},[84,74538,95],{"class":94},[84,74540,4137],{"class":90},[84,74542,73985],{"class":102},[84,74544,1906],{"class":94},[84,74546,838],{"class":106},[84,74548,317],{"class":102},[84,74550,74551],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74552,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74554,74555,74557,74559,74561],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,74556,116],{"class":98},[84,74558,103],{"class":102},[84,74560,122],{"class":121},[84,74562,110],{"class":102},[84,74564,74565,74567,74569,74571],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,74566,116],{"class":98},[84,74568,103],{"class":102},[84,74570,2145],{"class":121},[84,74572,110],{"class":102},[24,74574,265],{},[75,74576,74578],{"className":77,"code":74577,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74579,74580,74596],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74581,74582,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74583,292],{"class":102},[84,74585,1162],{"class":106},[84,74587,282],{"class":102},[84,74589,299],{"class":106},[84,74591,282],{"class":102},[84,74593,304],{"class":106},[84,74595,317],{"class":102},[84,74597,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74599,292],{"class":102},[84,74601,568],{"class":106},[84,74603,282],{"class":102},[84,74605,299],{"class":106},[84,74607,282],{"class":102},[84,74609,309],{"class":106},[84,74611,317],{"class":102},[1667,74613,74615],{"id":74614},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[33,74617,74618,74623,74628],{},[36,74619,153,74620,74622],{},[15,74621,73384],{}," when you want to change the original list",[36,74624,153,74625,74627],{},[15,74626,74506],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[36,74629,153,74630,74632],{},[15,74631,74287],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[24,74634,74635,74636,74642],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[419,74637,74639,74640,10620],{"href":74638},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74641,1270],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[70,74644,792,74646],{"id":74645},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74647,73384],{},[24,74649,74650,74652],{},[15,74651,73384],{}," is a good choice:",[33,74654,74655,74658,74661],{},[36,74656,74657],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[36,74659,74660],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[36,74662,74663],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[24,74665,74666,74667,425],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[419,74668,74670],{"href":74669},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[70,74672,1434],{"id":1433},[24,74674,74675,74676,74678],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74677,73384],{}," for these reasons:",[33,74680,74681,74685,74690,74695],{},[36,74682,12476,74683,12479],{},[15,74684,73384],{},[36,74686,8329,74687,74689],{},[15,74688,73384],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[36,74691,1442,74692,74694],{},[15,74693,73384],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[36,74696,37076,74697,8582,74699],{},[15,74698,73384],{},[15,74700,74701],{},"reversed()",[24,74703,74704],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[75,74706,74708],{"className":77,"code":74707,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74709,74710,74722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74711,74712,74714,74716,74718,74720],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74713,34565],{"class":90},[84,74715,95],{"class":94},[84,74717,3230],{"class":387},[84,74719,3721],{"class":391},[84,74721,3236],{"class":387},[84,74723,74724,74726,74728,74730],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74725,34586],{"class":90},[84,74727,425],{"class":102},[84,74729,73440],{"class":121},[84,74731,8520],{"class":102},[24,74733,74734,74735,33478],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74736,73384],{},[24,74738,74739],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[75,74741,74743],{"className":77,"code":74742,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74744,74745,74765,74769,74779,74793,74797,74811,74821,74825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74746,74747,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74748,8185],{"class":90},[84,74750,95],{"class":94},[84,74752,3498],{"class":102},[84,74754,838],{"class":106},[84,74756,282],{"class":102},[84,74758,304],{"class":106},[84,74760,282],{"class":102},[84,74762,309],{"class":106},[84,74764,317],{"class":102},[84,74766,74767],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74768,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74770,74771,74773,74775,74777],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74772,116],{"class":98},[84,74774,103],{"class":102},[84,74776,8216],{"class":121},[84,74778,110],{"class":102},[84,74780,74781,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,74782,116],{"class":98},[84,74784,103],{"class":102},[84,74786,334],{"class":139},[84,74788,103],{"class":102},[84,74790,8216],{"class":121},[84,74792,232],{"class":102},[84,74794,74795],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,74796,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74798,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807,74809],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,74800,2110],{"class":90},[84,74802,95],{"class":94},[84,74804,8272],{"class":90},[84,74806,425],{"class":102},[84,74808,73440],{"class":121},[84,74810,8520],{"class":102},[84,74812,74813,74815,74817,74819],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,74814,116],{"class":98},[84,74816,103],{"class":102},[84,74818,2145],{"class":121},[84,74820,110],{"class":102},[84,74822,74823],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,74824,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74826,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,74828,116],{"class":98},[84,74830,103],{"class":102},[84,74832,8216],{"class":121},[84,74834,73985],{"class":102},[84,74836,1906],{"class":94},[84,74838,838],{"class":106},[84,74840,741],{"class":102},[24,74842,265],{},[75,74844,74846],{"className":77,"code":74845,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74847,74848,74864,74878,74882],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74849,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74851,292],{"class":102},[84,74853,838],{"class":106},[84,74855,282],{"class":102},[84,74857,304],{"class":106},[84,74859,282],{"class":102},[84,74861,309],{"class":106},[84,74863,317],{"class":102},[84,74865,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74867,380],{"class":94},[84,74869,384],{"class":383},[84,74871,388],{"class":387},[84,74873,140],{"class":391},[84,74875,394],{"class":387},[84,74877,397],{"class":94},[84,74879,74880],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74881,11689],{"class":659},[84,74883,74884,74886,74888,74890,74892,74894,74896],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,74885,292],{"class":102},[84,74887,838],{"class":106},[84,74889,282],{"class":102},[84,74891,304],{"class":106},[84,74893,282],{"class":102},[84,74895,299],{"class":106},[84,74897,317],{"class":102},[24,74899,74900],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[75,74902,74904],{"className":77,"code":74903,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74905,74906,74926,74930,74940,74954,74958,74972,74982,74992],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74907,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74909,8185],{"class":90},[84,74911,95],{"class":94},[84,74913,3498],{"class":102},[84,74915,838],{"class":106},[84,74917,282],{"class":102},[84,74919,304],{"class":106},[84,74921,282],{"class":102},[84,74923,309],{"class":106},[84,74925,317],{"class":102},[84,74927,74928],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,74929,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74931,74932,74934,74936,74938],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,74933,116],{"class":98},[84,74935,103],{"class":102},[84,74937,8216],{"class":121},[84,74939,110],{"class":102},[84,74941,74942,74944,74946,74948,74950,74952],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,74943,116],{"class":98},[84,74945,103],{"class":102},[84,74947,334],{"class":139},[84,74949,103],{"class":102},[84,74951,8216],{"class":121},[84,74953,232],{"class":102},[84,74955,74956],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,74957,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,74959,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968,74970],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,74961,2110],{"class":90},[84,74963,95],{"class":94},[84,74965,8272],{"class":90},[84,74967,425],{"class":102},[84,74969,73440],{"class":121},[84,74971,8520],{"class":102},[84,74973,74974,74976,74978,74980],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,74975,116],{"class":98},[84,74977,103],{"class":102},[84,74979,2145],{"class":121},[84,74981,110],{"class":102},[84,74983,74984,74986,74988,74990],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,74985,116],{"class":98},[84,74987,103],{"class":102},[84,74989,8216],{"class":121},[84,74991,110],{"class":102},[84,74993,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,74995,116],{"class":98},[84,74997,103],{"class":102},[84,74999,8216],{"class":121},[84,75001,73985],{"class":102},[84,75003,1906],{"class":94},[84,75005,838],{"class":106},[84,75007,741],{"class":102},[24,75009,265],{},[75,75011,75013],{"className":77,"code":75012,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75014,75015,75031,75045,75049,75065],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75016,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75018,292],{"class":102},[84,75020,838],{"class":106},[84,75022,282],{"class":102},[84,75024,304],{"class":106},[84,75026,282],{"class":102},[84,75028,309],{"class":106},[84,75030,317],{"class":102},[84,75032,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,75034,380],{"class":94},[84,75036,384],{"class":383},[84,75038,388],{"class":387},[84,75040,140],{"class":391},[84,75042,394],{"class":387},[84,75044,397],{"class":94},[84,75046,75047],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,75048,11689],{"class":659},[84,75050,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,75052,292],{"class":102},[84,75054,1162],{"class":106},[84,75056,282],{"class":102},[84,75058,304],{"class":106},[84,75060,282],{"class":102},[84,75062,299],{"class":106},[84,75064,317],{"class":102},[84,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,75068,292],{"class":102},[84,75070,838],{"class":106},[84,75072,282],{"class":102},[84,75074,304],{"class":106},[84,75076,282],{"class":102},[84,75078,309],{"class":106},[84,75080,317],{"class":102},[24,75082,75083],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[33,75085,75086,75095,75104],{},[36,75087,27672,75088,75091,75092],{},[15,75089,75090],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75093,75094],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[36,75096,11797,75097,75100,75101,220],{},[15,75098,75099],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[42,75102,75103],{},"current",[36,75105,75106,75107],{},"So it prints ",[15,75108,75109],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[70,75111,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,75113,12586,75115,55337],{"id":75114},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75116,73389],{},[24,75118,62468,75119,425],{},[15,75120,3653],{},[1667,75122,34083,75124,34086,75126,1689],{"id":75123},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75125,73384],{},[15,75127,75128],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[24,75130,75131,75133],{},[15,75132,73384],{}," only flips the current order.",[24,75135,75136,75138],{},[15,75137,75128],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1667,75140,28205,75142,75144],{"id":75141},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75143,73384],{}," on a tuple or string?",[24,75146,1676,75147,75149],{},[15,75148,73384],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1667,75151,75153],{"id":75152},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[24,75155,75156],{},"Use slicing:",[75,75158,75160],{"className":77,"code":75159,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75161,75162],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75163,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75165,8216],{"class":90},[84,75167,73985],{"class":102},[84,75169,1906],{"class":94},[84,75171,838],{"class":106},[84,75173,317],{"class":102},[24,75175,75176],{},"Or use:",[75,75178,75180],{"className":77,"code":75179,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75181,75182],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75183,75184,75186,75188,75191,75193,75195],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75185,140],{"class":139},[84,75187,103],{"class":102},[84,75189,75190],{"class":98},"reversed",[84,75192,103],{"class":102},[84,75194,8216],{"class":121},[84,75196,232],{"class":102},[24,75198,75199,75200,75204],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[419,75201,55388,75202],{"href":54828},[15,75203,12659],{}," can also help.",[70,75206,1777],{"id":1776},[33,75208,75209,75215,75221,75225,75229],{},[36,75210,75211],{},[419,75212,55388,75213,10620],{"href":74638},[15,75214,1270],{},[36,75216,75217],{},[419,75218,13,75219,424],{"href":74384},[15,75220,74287],{},[36,75222,75223],{},[419,75224,74670],{"href":74669},[36,75226,75227],{},[419,75228,74085],{"href":73402},[36,75230,75231],{},[419,75232,55388,75233,10620],{"href":54828},[15,75234,12659],{},[1814,75236,75237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":75239},[75240,75241,75243,75244,75245,75247,75248,75255,75257,75258,75267],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":73463,"depth":113,"text":75242},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":73822,"depth":113,"text":75246},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74088,"depth":113,"text":74089},{"id":74282,"depth":113,"text":75249,"children":75250},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75251,75252,75253,75254],{"id":73440,"depth":132,"text":73384},{"id":74377,"depth":132,"text":74287},{"id":74499,"depth":132,"text":74500},{"id":74614,"depth":132,"text":74615},{"id":74645,"depth":113,"text":75256},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":75259},[75260,75262,75264,75266],{"id":75114,"depth":132,"text":75261},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75123,"depth":132,"text":75263},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75141,"depth":132,"text":75265},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75152,"depth":132,"text":75153},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73376,"description":75268},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75275,"title":75276,"body":75277,"description":77710,"extension":1845,"meta":77711,"navigation":237,"path":77712,"seo":77713,"stem":77714,"__hash__":77715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75278,"toc":77678},[75279,75282,75294,75297,75320,75328,75330,75442,75451,75455,75458,75461,75548,75550,75583,75585,75608,75614,75618,75621,75643,75645,75662,75665,75685,75687,75797,75799,75876,75880,75883,75926,75928,76061,76063,76165,76170,76174,76177,76179,76193,76196,76310,76312,76386,76388,76416,76420,76425,76455,76458,76584,76586,76668,76674,76678,76680,76719,76728,76732,76735,76739,76786,76788,76796,76800,76851,76853,76866,76868,76882,76885,76893,76895,76942,76944,76952,76955,76998,77003,77006,77009,77032,77036,77087,77090,77111,77121,77125,77127,77157,77160,77183,77187,77190,77257,77259,77296,77299,77307,77374,77376,77413,77419,77426,77430,77433,77463,77468,77472,77475,77499,77502,77596,77606,77608,77612,77615,77619,77622,77627,77630,77636,77639,77641,77669,77675],[10,75280,75276],{"id":75281},"python-list-slicing-explained",[24,75283,75284,75285,1263,75287,16954,75290,75293],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75286,35949],{},[15,75288,75289],{},"stop",[15,75291,75292],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[24,75295,75296],{},"The basic slice form is:",[75,75298,75300],{"className":77,"code":75299,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75301,75302],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75303,75304,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75305,8216],{"class":90},[84,75307,292],{"class":102},[84,75309,35949],{"class":90},[84,75311,881],{"class":102},[84,75313,75289],{"class":90},[84,75315,881],{"class":102},[84,75317,75292],{"class":90},[84,75319,317],{"class":102},[24,75321,75322,75323,75325,75326,425],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75324,75289],{}," position is ",[42,75327,64933],{},[70,75329,1887],{"id":1886},[75,75331,75333],{"className":77,"code":75332,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75334,75335,75363,75367,75388,75406,75423],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75336,75337,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75338,91],{"class":90},[84,75340,95],{"class":94},[84,75342,3498],{"class":102},[84,75344,2212],{"class":106},[84,75346,282],{"class":102},[84,75348,7667],{"class":106},[84,75350,282],{"class":102},[84,75352,7672],{"class":106},[84,75354,282],{"class":102},[84,75356,50712],{"class":106},[84,75358,282],{"class":102},[84,75360,4954],{"class":106},[84,75362,317],{"class":102},[84,75364,75365],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,75366,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,75368,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,75370,116],{"class":98},[84,75372,103],{"class":102},[84,75374,122],{"class":121},[84,75376,292],{"class":102},[84,75378,838],{"class":106},[84,75380,881],{"class":102},[84,75382,2386],{"class":106},[84,75384,20330],{"class":102},[84,75386,75387],{"class":128},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[84,75389,75390,75392,75394,75396,75399,75401,75403],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,75391,116],{"class":98},[84,75393,103],{"class":102},[84,75395,122],{"class":121},[84,75397,75398],{"class":102},"[:",[84,75400,1162],{"class":106},[84,75402,20330],{"class":102},[84,75404,75405],{"class":128},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[84,75407,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,75409,116],{"class":98},[84,75411,103],{"class":102},[84,75413,122],{"class":121},[84,75415,73985],{"class":102},[84,75417,568],{"class":106},[84,75419,20330],{"class":102},[84,75421,75422],{"class":128},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[84,75424,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,75426,116],{"class":98},[84,75428,103],{"class":102},[84,75430,122],{"class":121},[84,75432,73985],{"class":102},[84,75434,1906],{"class":94},[84,75436,838],{"class":106},[84,75438,20330],{"class":102},[84,75440,75441],{"class":128},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[24,75443,153,75444,75447,75448,75450],{},[15,75445,75446],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75449,75289],{}," value is not included.",[70,75452,75454],{"id":75453},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[24,75456,75457],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[24,75459,75460],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[75,75462,75464],{"className":77,"code":75463,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75465,75466,75514,75518,75537],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75467,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75469,35967],{"class":90},[84,75471,95],{"class":94},[84,75473,3498],{"class":102},[84,75475,854],{"class":387},[84,75477,419],{"class":391},[84,75479,854],{"class":387},[84,75481,282],{"class":102},[84,75483,3230],{"class":387},[84,75485,4634],{"class":391},[84,75487,854],{"class":387},[84,75489,282],{"class":102},[84,75491,3230],{"class":387},[84,75493,9619],{"class":391},[84,75495,854],{"class":387},[84,75497,282],{"class":102},[84,75499,3230],{"class":387},[84,75501,18651],{"class":391},[84,75503,854],{"class":387},[84,75505,282],{"class":102},[84,75507,3230],{"class":387},[84,75509,60314],{"class":391},[84,75511,854],{"class":387},[84,75513,317],{"class":102},[84,75515,75516],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,75517,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,75519,75520,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,75521,75522],{"class":90},"part ",[84,75524,95],{"class":94},[84,75526,69959],{"class":90},[84,75528,292],{"class":102},[84,75530,838],{"class":106},[84,75532,881],{"class":102},[84,75534,2386],{"class":106},[84,75536,317],{"class":102},[84,75538,75539,75541,75543,75546],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,75540,116],{"class":98},[84,75542,103],{"class":102},[84,75544,75545],{"class":121},"part",[84,75547,110],{"class":102},[24,75549,265],{},[75,75551,75553],{"className":77,"code":75552,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75554,75555],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75556,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75558,292],{"class":102},[84,75560,394],{"class":387},[84,75562,4634],{"class":391},[84,75564,394],{"class":387},[84,75566,282],{"class":102},[84,75568,388],{"class":387},[84,75570,9619],{"class":391},[84,75572,394],{"class":387},[84,75574,282],{"class":102},[84,75576,388],{"class":387},[84,75578,18651],{"class":391},[84,75580,394],{"class":387},[84,75582,317],{"class":102},[24,75584,12935],{},[33,75586,75587,75590,75593,75599,75605],{},[36,75588,75589],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[36,75591,75592],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[36,75594,75595,75596],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75597,75598],{},"list[start:stop]",[36,75600,75601,75602,75604],{},"The item at ",[15,75603,75289],{}," is not included",[36,75606,75607],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[24,75609,75610,75611,425],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[419,75612,75613],{"href":50848},"beginner guide to Python lists",[70,75615,75617],{"id":75616},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[24,75619,75620],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[75,75622,75623],{"className":77,"code":75299,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,75624,75625],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75626,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75628,8216],{"class":90},[84,75630,292],{"class":102},[84,75632,35949],{"class":90},[84,75634,881],{"class":102},[84,75636,75289],{"class":90},[84,75638,881],{"class":102},[84,75640,75292],{"class":90},[84,75642,317],{"class":102},[24,75644,64909],{},[33,75646,75647,75652,75657],{},[36,75648,75649,75651],{},[15,75650,35949],{}," is where slicing begins",[36,75653,75654,75656],{},[15,75655,75289],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[36,75658,75659,75661],{},[15,75660,75292],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[24,75663,75664],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[33,75666,75667,75673,75678],{},[36,75668,75669,75670,75672],{},"Missing ",[15,75671,35949],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[36,75674,75669,75675,75677],{},[15,75676,75289],{}," means go to the end of the list",[36,75679,75669,75680,75682,75683],{},[15,75681,75292],{}," means use ",[15,75684,838],{},[24,75686,190],{},[75,75688,75690],{"className":77,"code":75689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75691,75692,75720,75724,75745,75762,75780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75693,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75695,91],{"class":90},[84,75697,95],{"class":94},[84,75699,3498],{"class":102},[84,75701,2212],{"class":106},[84,75703,282],{"class":102},[84,75705,7667],{"class":106},[84,75707,282],{"class":102},[84,75709,7672],{"class":106},[84,75711,282],{"class":102},[84,75713,50712],{"class":106},[84,75715,282],{"class":102},[84,75717,4954],{"class":106},[84,75719,317],{"class":102},[84,75721,75722],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,75723,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,75725,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,75727,116],{"class":98},[84,75729,103],{"class":102},[84,75731,122],{"class":121},[84,75733,292],{"class":102},[84,75735,838],{"class":106},[84,75737,881],{"class":102},[84,75739,2386],{"class":106},[84,75741,20330],{"class":102},[84,75743,75744],{"class":128},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[84,75746,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,75748,116],{"class":98},[84,75750,103],{"class":102},[84,75752,122],{"class":121},[84,75754,75398],{"class":102},[84,75756,1162],{"class":106},[84,75758,20330],{"class":102},[84,75760,75761],{"class":128},"    # start from the beginning\n",[84,75763,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75777],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,75765,116],{"class":98},[84,75767,103],{"class":102},[84,75769,122],{"class":121},[84,75771,292],{"class":102},[84,75773,568],{"class":106},[84,75775,75776],{"class":102},":])",[84,75778,75779],{"class":128},"    # go to the end\n",[84,75781,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,75783,116],{"class":98},[84,75785,103],{"class":102},[84,75787,122],{"class":121},[84,75789,73985],{"class":102},[84,75791,838],{"class":106},[84,75793,20330],{"class":102},[84,75795,75796],{"class":128},"   # step of 1\n",[24,75798,265],{},[75,75800,75802],{"className":77,"code":75801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75803,75804,75820,75836,75852],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75805,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75807,292],{"class":102},[84,75809,15636],{"class":106},[84,75811,282],{"class":102},[84,75813,7672],{"class":106},[84,75815,282],{"class":102},[84,75817,50712],{"class":106},[84,75819,317],{"class":102},[84,75821,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,75823,292],{"class":102},[84,75825,2212],{"class":106},[84,75827,282],{"class":102},[84,75829,7667],{"class":106},[84,75831,282],{"class":102},[84,75833,7672],{"class":106},[84,75835,317],{"class":102},[84,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,75839,292],{"class":102},[84,75841,36713],{"class":106},[84,75843,282],{"class":102},[84,75845,50712],{"class":106},[84,75847,282],{"class":102},[84,75849,4954],{"class":106},[84,75851,317],{"class":102},[84,75853,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,75855,292],{"class":102},[84,75857,2212],{"class":106},[84,75859,282],{"class":102},[84,75861,7667],{"class":106},[84,75863,282],{"class":102},[84,75865,7672],{"class":106},[84,75867,282],{"class":102},[84,75869,50712],{"class":106},[84,75871,282],{"class":102},[84,75873,4954],{"class":106},[84,75875,317],{"class":102},[70,75877,75879],{"id":75878},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[24,75881,75882],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[33,75884,75885,75894,75903,75914,75920],{},[36,75886,75887,75890,75891,5839],{},[15,75888,75889],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75892,75893],{},"n",[36,75895,75896,75899,75900,75902],{},[15,75897,75898],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75901,75893],{}," to the end",[36,75904,75905,75908,75909,75911,75912],{},[15,75906,75907],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75910,419],{}," up to ",[15,75913,4634],{},[36,75915,75916,75919],{},[15,75917,75918],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[36,75921,75922,75925],{},[15,75923,75924],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[24,75927,190],{},[75,75929,75931],{"className":77,"code":75930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75932,75933,75966,75970,75987,76004,76025,76042],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75936,91],{"class":90},[84,75938,95],{"class":94},[84,75940,3498],{"class":102},[84,75942,2212],{"class":106},[84,75944,282],{"class":102},[84,75946,7667],{"class":106},[84,75948,282],{"class":102},[84,75950,7672],{"class":106},[84,75952,282],{"class":102},[84,75954,50712],{"class":106},[84,75956,282],{"class":102},[84,75958,4954],{"class":106},[84,75960,282],{"class":102},[84,75962,75963],{"class":106}," 60",[84,75965,317],{"class":102},[84,75967,75968],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,75969,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,75971,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,75973,116],{"class":98},[84,75975,103],{"class":102},[84,75977,122],{"class":121},[84,75979,75398],{"class":102},[84,75981,1162],{"class":106},[84,75983,20330],{"class":102},[84,75985,75986],{"class":128},"    # first 3 items\n",[84,75988,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,75990,116],{"class":98},[84,75992,103],{"class":102},[84,75994,122],{"class":121},[84,75996,292],{"class":102},[84,75998,1162],{"class":106},[84,76000,75776],{"class":102},[84,76002,76003],{"class":128},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[84,76005,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,76007,116],{"class":98},[84,76009,103],{"class":102},[84,76011,122],{"class":121},[84,76013,292],{"class":102},[84,76015,838],{"class":106},[84,76017,881],{"class":102},[84,76019,107],{"class":106},[84,76021,20330],{"class":102},[84,76023,76024],{"class":128},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[84,76026,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,76028,116],{"class":98},[84,76030,103],{"class":102},[84,76032,122],{"class":121},[84,76034,73985],{"class":102},[84,76036,568],{"class":106},[84,76038,20330],{"class":102},[84,76040,76041],{"class":128},"   # every second item\n",[84,76043,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,76045,116],{"class":98},[84,76047,103],{"class":102},[84,76049,122],{"class":121},[84,76051,73985],{"class":102},[84,76053,1906],{"class":94},[84,76055,838],{"class":106},[84,76057,20330],{"class":102},[84,76059,76060],{"class":128},"  # reversed copy\n",[24,76062,265],{},[75,76064,76066],{"className":77,"code":76065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76067,76068,76084,76100,76120,76136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76069,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76071,292],{"class":102},[84,76073,2212],{"class":106},[84,76075,282],{"class":102},[84,76077,7667],{"class":106},[84,76079,282],{"class":102},[84,76081,7672],{"class":106},[84,76083,317],{"class":102},[84,76085,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76087,292],{"class":102},[84,76089,56560],{"class":106},[84,76091,282],{"class":102},[84,76093,4954],{"class":106},[84,76095,282],{"class":102},[84,76097,75963],{"class":106},[84,76099,317],{"class":102},[84,76101,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76103,292],{"class":102},[84,76105,15636],{"class":106},[84,76107,282],{"class":102},[84,76109,7672],{"class":106},[84,76111,282],{"class":102},[84,76113,50712],{"class":106},[84,76115,282],{"class":102},[84,76117,4954],{"class":106},[84,76119,317],{"class":102},[84,76121,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,76123,292],{"class":102},[84,76125,2212],{"class":106},[84,76127,282],{"class":102},[84,76129,7672],{"class":106},[84,76131,282],{"class":102},[84,76133,4954],{"class":106},[84,76135,317],{"class":102},[84,76137,76138,76140,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,76139,292],{"class":102},[84,76141,76142],{"class":106},"60",[84,76144,282],{"class":102},[84,76146,4954],{"class":106},[84,76148,282],{"class":102},[84,76150,50712],{"class":106},[84,76152,282],{"class":102},[84,76154,7672],{"class":106},[84,76156,282],{"class":102},[84,76158,7667],{"class":106},[84,76160,282],{"class":102},[84,76162,573],{"class":106},[84,76164,317],{"class":102},[24,76166,76167,76168,425],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[419,76169,14772],{"href":57087},[70,76171,76173],{"id":76172},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[24,76175,76176],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[24,76178,5346],{},[33,76180,76181,76187],{},[36,76182,76183,76186],{},[15,76184,76185],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[36,76188,76189,76192],{},[15,76190,76191],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[24,76194,76195],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[75,76197,76199],{"className":77,"code":76198,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76200,76201,76249,76253,76272,76291],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76202,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76204,35967],{"class":90},[84,76206,95],{"class":94},[84,76208,3498],{"class":102},[84,76210,854],{"class":387},[84,76212,419],{"class":391},[84,76214,854],{"class":387},[84,76216,282],{"class":102},[84,76218,3230],{"class":387},[84,76220,4634],{"class":391},[84,76222,854],{"class":387},[84,76224,282],{"class":102},[84,76226,3230],{"class":387},[84,76228,9619],{"class":391},[84,76230,854],{"class":387},[84,76232,282],{"class":102},[84,76234,3230],{"class":387},[84,76236,18651],{"class":391},[84,76238,854],{"class":387},[84,76240,282],{"class":102},[84,76242,3230],{"class":387},[84,76244,60314],{"class":391},[84,76246,854],{"class":387},[84,76248,317],{"class":102},[84,76250,76251],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76252,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,76254,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76256,116],{"class":98},[84,76258,103],{"class":102},[84,76260,36019],{"class":121},[84,76262,292],{"class":102},[84,76264,1906],{"class":94},[84,76266,838],{"class":106},[84,76268,20330],{"class":102},[84,76270,76271],{"class":128},"    # last item\n",[84,76273,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,76275,116],{"class":98},[84,76277,103],{"class":102},[84,76279,36019],{"class":121},[84,76281,292],{"class":102},[84,76283,1906],{"class":94},[84,76285,1162],{"class":106},[84,76287,75776],{"class":102},[84,76289,76290],{"class":128},"   # last 3 items\n",[84,76292,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,76294,116],{"class":98},[84,76296,103],{"class":102},[84,76298,36019],{"class":121},[84,76300,75398],{"class":102},[84,76302,1906],{"class":94},[84,76304,838],{"class":106},[84,76306,20330],{"class":102},[84,76308,76309],{"class":128},"   # everything except the last item\n",[24,76311,265],{},[75,76313,76315],{"className":77,"code":76314,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76316,76317,76322,76350],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76318,76319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76320,76321],{"class":90},"e\n",[84,76323,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76325,292],{"class":102},[84,76327,394],{"class":387},[84,76329,9619],{"class":391},[84,76331,394],{"class":387},[84,76333,282],{"class":102},[84,76335,388],{"class":387},[84,76337,18651],{"class":391},[84,76339,394],{"class":387},[84,76341,282],{"class":102},[84,76343,388],{"class":387},[84,76345,60314],{"class":391},[84,76347,394],{"class":387},[84,76349,317],{"class":102},[84,76351,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76353,292],{"class":102},[84,76355,394],{"class":387},[84,76357,419],{"class":391},[84,76359,394],{"class":387},[84,76361,282],{"class":102},[84,76363,388],{"class":387},[84,76365,4634],{"class":391},[84,76367,394],{"class":387},[84,76369,282],{"class":102},[84,76371,388],{"class":387},[84,76373,9619],{"class":391},[84,76375,394],{"class":387},[84,76377,282],{"class":102},[84,76379,388],{"class":387},[84,76381,18651],{"class":391},[84,76383,394],{"class":387},[84,76385,317],{"class":102},[24,76387,12935],{},[33,76389,76390,76393,76397,76403,76409],{},[36,76391,76392],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[36,76394,76395,76186],{},[15,76396,76185],{},[36,76398,76399,76402],{},[15,76400,76401],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[36,76404,76405,76408],{},[15,76406,76407],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[36,76410,76411,76412,28,76414],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76413,35949],{},[15,76415,75289],{},[70,76417,76419],{"id":76418},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[24,76421,1862,76422,76424],{},[15,76423,75292],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[33,76426,76427,76430,76433,76438,76448],{},[36,76428,76429],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[36,76431,76432],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[36,76434,76435,76437],{},[15,76436,75924],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[36,76439,8753,76440,76442,76443,76445,76446],{},[15,76441,75292],{}," is negative, ",[15,76444,35949],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76447,75289],{},[36,76449,76450,76452,76453],{},[15,76451,75292],{}," cannot be ",[15,76454,279],{},[24,76456,76457],{},"Example with different step values:",[75,76459,76461],{"className":77,"code":76460,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76462,76463,76495,76499,76516,76538,76557],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76464,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76466,91],{"class":90},[84,76468,95],{"class":94},[84,76470,3498],{"class":102},[84,76472,2212],{"class":106},[84,76474,282],{"class":102},[84,76476,7667],{"class":106},[84,76478,282],{"class":102},[84,76480,7672],{"class":106},[84,76482,282],{"class":102},[84,76484,50712],{"class":106},[84,76486,282],{"class":102},[84,76488,4954],{"class":106},[84,76490,282],{"class":102},[84,76492,75963],{"class":106},[84,76494,317],{"class":102},[84,76496,76497],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76498,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,76500,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76502,116],{"class":98},[84,76504,103],{"class":102},[84,76506,122],{"class":121},[84,76508,73985],{"class":102},[84,76510,568],{"class":106},[84,76512,20330],{"class":102},[84,76514,76515],{"class":128},"     # every second item\n",[84,76517,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76531,76533,76535],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,76519,116],{"class":98},[84,76521,103],{"class":102},[84,76523,122],{"class":121},[84,76525,292],{"class":102},[84,76527,838],{"class":106},[84,76529,76530],{"class":102},"::",[84,76532,568],{"class":106},[84,76534,20330],{"class":102},[84,76536,76537],{"class":128},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[84,76539,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,76541,116],{"class":98},[84,76543,103],{"class":102},[84,76545,122],{"class":121},[84,76547,73985],{"class":102},[84,76549,1906],{"class":94},[84,76551,838],{"class":106},[84,76553,20330],{"class":102},[84,76555,76556],{"class":128},"    # reverse the list\n",[84,76558,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,76560,116],{"class":98},[84,76562,103],{"class":102},[84,76564,122],{"class":121},[84,76566,292],{"class":102},[84,76568,2386],{"class":106},[84,76570,881],{"class":102},[84,76572,838],{"class":106},[84,76574,881],{"class":102},[84,76576,1906],{"class":94},[84,76578,838],{"class":106},[84,76580,20330],{"class":102},[84,76582,76583],{"class":128},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[24,76585,265],{},[75,76587,76589],{"className":77,"code":76588,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76590,76591,76607,76623,76651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76592,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76594,292],{"class":102},[84,76596,2212],{"class":106},[84,76598,282],{"class":102},[84,76600,7672],{"class":106},[84,76602,282],{"class":102},[84,76604,4954],{"class":106},[84,76606,317],{"class":102},[84,76608,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76610,292],{"class":102},[84,76612,15636],{"class":106},[84,76614,282],{"class":102},[84,76616,50712],{"class":106},[84,76618,282],{"class":102},[84,76620,75963],{"class":106},[84,76622,317],{"class":102},[84,76624,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76626,292],{"class":102},[84,76628,76142],{"class":106},[84,76630,282],{"class":102},[84,76632,4954],{"class":106},[84,76634,282],{"class":102},[84,76636,50712],{"class":106},[84,76638,282],{"class":102},[84,76640,7672],{"class":106},[84,76642,282],{"class":102},[84,76644,7667],{"class":106},[84,76646,282],{"class":102},[84,76648,573],{"class":106},[84,76650,317],{"class":102},[84,76652,76653,76655,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,76654,292],{"class":102},[84,76656,76657],{"class":106},"50",[84,76659,282],{"class":102},[84,76661,50712],{"class":106},[84,76663,282],{"class":102},[84,76665,7672],{"class":106},[84,76667,317],{"class":102},[24,76669,76670,76671,425],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[419,76672,76673],{"href":74669},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1667,76675,76677],{"id":76676},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[24,76679,2717],{},[75,76681,76683],{"className":77,"code":76682,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76684,76685,76705],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76686,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76688,91],{"class":90},[84,76690,95],{"class":94},[84,76692,3498],{"class":102},[84,76694,838],{"class":106},[84,76696,282],{"class":102},[84,76698,304],{"class":106},[84,76700,282],{"class":102},[84,76702,309],{"class":106},[84,76704,317],{"class":102},[84,76706,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76708,116],{"class":98},[84,76710,103],{"class":102},[84,76712,122],{"class":121},[84,76714,73985],{"class":102},[84,76716,279],{"class":106},[84,76718,741],{"class":102},[24,76720,76721,76722,76724,76725,76727],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76723,40575],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76726,279],{}," does not make sense.",[70,76729,76731],{"id":76730},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[24,76733,76734],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1667,76736,76738],{"id":76737},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[75,76740,76742],{"className":77,"code":76741,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76743,76744,76768,76772],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76745,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76747,91],{"class":90},[84,76749,95],{"class":94},[84,76751,3498],{"class":102},[84,76753,2212],{"class":106},[84,76755,282],{"class":102},[84,76757,7667],{"class":106},[84,76759,282],{"class":102},[84,76761,7672],{"class":106},[84,76763,282],{"class":102},[84,76765,50712],{"class":106},[84,76767,317],{"class":102},[84,76769,76770],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76771,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,76773,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76775,116],{"class":98},[84,76777,103],{"class":102},[84,76779,122],{"class":121},[84,76781,292],{"class":102},[84,76783,568],{"class":106},[84,76785,741],{"class":102},[24,76787,265],{},[75,76789,76790],{"className":77,"code":69703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,76791,76792],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76793,76794],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76795,69703],{"class":106},[1667,76797,76799],{"id":76798},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[75,76801,76803],{"className":77,"code":76802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76804,76805,76829,76833],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76806,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76808,91],{"class":90},[84,76810,95],{"class":94},[84,76812,3498],{"class":102},[84,76814,2212],{"class":106},[84,76816,282],{"class":102},[84,76818,7667],{"class":106},[84,76820,282],{"class":102},[84,76822,7672],{"class":106},[84,76824,282],{"class":102},[84,76826,50712],{"class":106},[84,76828,317],{"class":102},[84,76830,76831],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76832,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,76834,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76836,116],{"class":98},[84,76838,103],{"class":102},[84,76840,122],{"class":121},[84,76842,292],{"class":102},[84,76844,568],{"class":106},[84,76846,881],{"class":102},[84,76848,1162],{"class":106},[84,76850,741],{"class":102},[24,76852,265],{},[75,76854,76856],{"className":77,"code":76855,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[30]\n",[15,76857,76858],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76859,76860,76862,76864],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76861,292],{"class":102},[84,76863,36713],{"class":106},[84,76865,317],{"class":102},[24,76867,13646],{},[33,76869,76870,76876],{},[36,76871,76872,76875],{},[15,76873,76874],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[36,76877,76878,76881],{},[15,76879,76880],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[24,76883,76884],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[33,76886,76887,76890],{},[36,76888,76889],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[36,76891,76892],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[24,76894,190],{},[75,76896,76898],{"className":77,"code":76897,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76899,76900,76920,76924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76901,76902,76904,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76903,91],{"class":90},[84,76905,95],{"class":94},[84,76907,3498],{"class":102},[84,76909,2212],{"class":106},[84,76911,282],{"class":102},[84,76913,7667],{"class":106},[84,76915,282],{"class":102},[84,76917,7672],{"class":106},[84,76919,317],{"class":102},[84,76921,76922],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76923,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,76925,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76927,116],{"class":98},[84,76929,103],{"class":102},[84,76931,122],{"class":121},[84,76933,292],{"class":102},[84,76935,107],{"class":106},[84,76937,881],{"class":102},[84,76939,2212],{"class":106},[84,76941,741],{"class":102},[24,76943,265],{},[75,76945,76946],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,76947,76948],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76949,76950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76951,38167],{"class":102},[24,76953,76954],{},"But this would raise an error:",[75,76956,76958],{"className":77,"code":76957,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76959,76960,76980,76984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76961,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76963,91],{"class":90},[84,76965,95],{"class":94},[84,76967,3498],{"class":102},[84,76969,2212],{"class":106},[84,76971,282],{"class":102},[84,76973,7667],{"class":106},[84,76975,282],{"class":102},[84,76977,7672],{"class":106},[84,76979,317],{"class":102},[84,76981,76982],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,76983,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,76985,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,76987,116],{"class":98},[84,76989,103],{"class":102},[84,76991,122],{"class":121},[84,76993,292],{"class":102},[84,76995,107],{"class":106},[84,76997,741],{"class":102},[24,76999,77000,77001,425],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[419,77002,69123],{"href":69122},[70,77004,15060],{"id":77005},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[24,77007,77008],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[33,77010,77011,77015,77017,77020,77026],{},[36,77012,4577,77013,75604],{},[15,77014,75289],{},[36,77016,60558],{},[36,77018,77019],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[36,77021,37076,77022,8582,77024],{},[15,77023,75924],{},[15,77025,73389],{},[36,77027,77028,77029,77031],{},"Using step ",[15,77030,279],{},", which causes an error",[1667,77033,77035],{"id":77034},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[75,77037,77039],{"className":77,"code":77038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77040,77041,77069],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77042,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77044,91],{"class":90},[84,77046,95],{"class":94},[84,77048,3498],{"class":102},[84,77050,2212],{"class":106},[84,77052,282],{"class":102},[84,77054,7667],{"class":106},[84,77056,282],{"class":102},[84,77058,7672],{"class":106},[84,77060,282],{"class":102},[84,77062,50712],{"class":106},[84,77064,282],{"class":102},[84,77066,4954],{"class":106},[84,77068,317],{"class":102},[84,77070,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77072,116],{"class":98},[84,77074,103],{"class":102},[84,77076,122],{"class":121},[84,77078,292],{"class":102},[84,77080,838],{"class":106},[84,77082,881],{"class":102},[84,77084,2386],{"class":106},[84,77086,741],{"class":102},[24,77088,77089],{},"This returns:",[75,77091,77093],{"className":77,"code":77092,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77094,77095],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77096,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77098,292],{"class":102},[84,77100,15636],{"class":106},[84,77102,282],{"class":102},[84,77104,7672],{"class":106},[84,77106,282],{"class":102},[84,77108,50712],{"class":106},[84,77110,317],{"class":102},[24,77112,40777,77113,77115,77116,77118,77119,425],{},[42,77114,1367],{}," include ",[15,77117,76657],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77120,2386],{},[1667,77122,77124],{"id":77123},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[24,77126,16526],{},[75,77128,77130],{"className":77,"code":77129,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77131,77132,77152],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77133,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77135,91],{"class":90},[84,77137,95],{"class":94},[84,77139,3498],{"class":102},[84,77141,2212],{"class":106},[84,77143,282],{"class":102},[84,77145,7667],{"class":106},[84,77147,282],{"class":102},[84,77149,7672],{"class":106},[84,77151,317],{"class":102},[84,77153,77154],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77155,77156],{"class":128},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[24,77158,77159],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[75,77161,77163],{"className":77,"code":77162,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77164,77165],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77166,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77168,116],{"class":98},[84,77170,103],{"class":102},[84,77172,122],{"class":121},[84,77174,292],{"class":102},[84,77176,838],{"class":106},[84,77178,881],{"class":102},[84,77180,1162],{"class":106},[84,77182,741],{"class":102},[1667,77184,77186],{"id":77185},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[24,77188,77189],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[75,77191,77193],{"className":77,"code":77192,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77194,77195,77219,77233,77237,77247],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77196,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77198,91],{"class":90},[84,77200,95],{"class":94},[84,77202,3498],{"class":102},[84,77204,2212],{"class":106},[84,77206,282],{"class":102},[84,77208,7667],{"class":106},[84,77210,282],{"class":102},[84,77212,7672],{"class":106},[84,77214,282],{"class":102},[84,77216,50712],{"class":106},[84,77218,317],{"class":102},[84,77220,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77222,75522],{"class":90},[84,77224,95],{"class":94},[84,77226,4137],{"class":90},[84,77228,75398],{"class":102},[84,77230,568],{"class":106},[84,77232,317],{"class":102},[84,77234,77235],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,77236,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,77238,77239,77241,77243,77245],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,77240,116],{"class":98},[84,77242,103],{"class":102},[84,77244,75545],{"class":121},[84,77246,110],{"class":102},[84,77248,77249,77251,77253,77255],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,77250,116],{"class":98},[84,77252,103],{"class":102},[84,77254,122],{"class":121},[84,77256,110],{"class":102},[24,77258,265],{},[75,77260,77262],{"className":77,"code":77261,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77263,77264,77276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77265,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77267,292],{"class":102},[84,77269,2212],{"class":106},[84,77271,282],{"class":102},[84,77273,7667],{"class":106},[84,77275,317],{"class":102},[84,77277,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77279,292],{"class":102},[84,77281,2212],{"class":106},[84,77283,282],{"class":102},[84,77285,7667],{"class":106},[84,77287,282],{"class":102},[84,77289,7672],{"class":106},[84,77291,282],{"class":102},[84,77293,50712],{"class":106},[84,77295,317],{"class":102},[24,77297,77298],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1667,77300,77302,77303,8582,77305],{"id":77301},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77304,75924],{},[15,77306,73389],{},[75,77308,77310],{"className":77,"code":77309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77311,77312,77332,77336,77353,77364],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77313,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77315,91],{"class":90},[84,77317,95],{"class":94},[84,77319,3498],{"class":102},[84,77321,2212],{"class":106},[84,77323,282],{"class":102},[84,77325,7667],{"class":106},[84,77327,282],{"class":102},[84,77329,7672],{"class":106},[84,77331,317],{"class":102},[84,77333,77334],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77335,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,77337,77338,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,77339,77340],{"class":90},"reversed_copy ",[84,77342,95],{"class":94},[84,77344,4137],{"class":90},[84,77346,73985],{"class":102},[84,77348,1906],{"class":94},[84,77350,838],{"class":106},[84,77352,317],{"class":102},[84,77354,77355,77357,77359,77362],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,77356,116],{"class":98},[84,77358,103],{"class":102},[84,77360,77361],{"class":121},"reversed_copy",[84,77363,110],{"class":102},[84,77365,77366,77368,77370,77372],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,77367,116],{"class":98},[84,77369,103],{"class":102},[84,77371,122],{"class":121},[84,77373,110],{"class":102},[24,77375,265],{},[75,77377,77379],{"className":77,"code":77378,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77380,77381,77397],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77382,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77384,292],{"class":102},[84,77386,36713],{"class":106},[84,77388,282],{"class":102},[84,77390,7667],{"class":106},[84,77392,282],{"class":102},[84,77394,573],{"class":106},[84,77396,317],{"class":102},[84,77398,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77400,292],{"class":102},[84,77402,2212],{"class":106},[84,77404,282],{"class":102},[84,77406,7667],{"class":106},[84,77408,282],{"class":102},[84,77410,7672],{"class":106},[84,77412,317],{"class":102},[24,77414,77415,77418],{},[15,77416,77417],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[24,77420,77421,77422,77425],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77423,77424],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1667,77427,77429],{"id":77428},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[24,77431,77432],{},"This is not allowed:",[75,77434,77436],{"className":77,"code":77435,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77437,77438,77458],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77439,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77441,91],{"class":90},[84,77443,95],{"class":94},[84,77445,3498],{"class":102},[84,77447,2212],{"class":106},[84,77449,282],{"class":102},[84,77451,7667],{"class":106},[84,77453,282],{"class":102},[84,77455,7672],{"class":106},[84,77457,317],{"class":102},[84,77459,77460],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77461,77462],{"class":128},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[24,77464,77465,77466,425],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77467,40575],{},[70,77469,77471],{"id":77470},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[24,77473,77474],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[33,77476,77477,77484,77490,77493,77496],{},[36,77478,37076,77479,28,77481,77483],{},[15,77480,35949],{},[15,77482,75289],{}," positions",[36,77485,77486,77487,77489],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77488,75289],{}," index is included",[36,77491,77492],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[36,77494,77495],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[36,77497,77498],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[24,77500,77501],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[75,77503,77505],{"className":77,"code":77504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77506,77507,77517,77531,77549,77563,77580],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77508,77509,77511,77513,77515],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77510,116],{"class":98},[84,77512,103],{"class":102},[84,77514,8216],{"class":121},[84,77516,110],{"class":102},[84,77518,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77520,116],{"class":98},[84,77522,103],{"class":102},[84,77524,602],{"class":98},[84,77526,103],{"class":102},[84,77528,8216],{"class":121},[84,77530,232],{"class":102},[84,77532,77533,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545,77547],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,77534,116],{"class":98},[84,77536,103],{"class":102},[84,77538,8216],{"class":121},[84,77540,292],{"class":102},[84,77542,838],{"class":106},[84,77544,881],{"class":102},[84,77546,2386],{"class":106},[84,77548,741],{"class":102},[84,77550,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,77552,116],{"class":98},[84,77554,103],{"class":102},[84,77556,8216],{"class":121},[84,77558,75398],{"class":102},[84,77560,1162],{"class":106},[84,77562,741],{"class":102},[84,77564,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575,77577],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,77566,116],{"class":98},[84,77568,103],{"class":102},[84,77570,8216],{"class":121},[84,77572,292],{"class":102},[84,77574,1906],{"class":94},[84,77576,1162],{"class":106},[84,77578,77579],{"class":102},":])\n",[84,77581,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,77583,116],{"class":98},[84,77585,103],{"class":102},[84,77587,8216],{"class":121},[84,77589,73985],{"class":102},[84,77591,1906],{"class":94},[84,77593,838],{"class":106},[84,77595,741],{"class":102},[24,77597,1442,77598,77600,77601,77605],{},[15,77599,1085],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[419,77602,77604],{"href":77603},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[70,77607,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,77609,77611],{"id":77610},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[24,77613,77614],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1667,77616,77618],{"id":77617},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[24,77620,77621],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1667,77623,5016,77625,39831],{"id":77624},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77626,75924],{},[24,77628,77629],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1667,77631,77633,77634,1689],{"id":77632},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77635,70594],{},[24,77637,77638],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[70,77640,1777],{"id":1776},[33,77642,77643,77648,77653,77657,77661,77665],{},[36,77644,77645],{},[419,77646,77647],{"href":50848},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[36,77649,77650],{},[419,77651,77652],{"href":57021},"How to create a list in Python",[36,77654,77655],{},[419,77656,14848],{"href":57087},[36,77658,77659],{},[419,77660,74670],{"href":74669},[36,77662,77663],{},[419,77664,77604],{"href":77603},[36,77666,77667],{},[419,77668,69123],{"href":69122},[24,77670,77671,77672,77674],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77673,1085],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1814,77676,77677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":77679},[77680,77681,77682,77683,77684,77685,77688,77692,77700,77701,77709],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":75453,"depth":113,"text":75454},{"id":75616,"depth":113,"text":75617},{"id":75878,"depth":113,"text":75879},{"id":76172,"depth":113,"text":76173},{"id":76418,"depth":113,"text":76419,"children":77686},[77687],{"id":76676,"depth":132,"text":76677},{"id":76730,"depth":113,"text":76731,"children":77689},[77690,77691],{"id":76737,"depth":132,"text":76738},{"id":76798,"depth":132,"text":76799},{"id":77005,"depth":113,"text":15060,"children":77693},[77694,77695,77696,77697,77699],{"id":77034,"depth":132,"text":77035},{"id":77123,"depth":132,"text":77124},{"id":77185,"depth":132,"text":77186},{"id":77301,"depth":132,"text":77698},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77428,"depth":132,"text":77429},{"id":77470,"depth":113,"text":77471},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":77702},[77703,77704,77705,77707],{"id":77610,"depth":132,"text":77611},{"id":77617,"depth":132,"text":77618},{"id":77624,"depth":132,"text":77706},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77632,"depth":132,"text":77708},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75276,"description":77710},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77717,"title":77718,"body":77719,"description":79788,"extension":1845,"meta":79789,"navigation":237,"path":79790,"seo":79791,"stem":79792,"__hash__":79793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77720,"toc":79754},[77721,77726,77732,77738,77740,77787,77794,77799,77803,77818,77821,77874,77876,77901,77906,77908,77940,77943,77959,77961,78022,78024,78049,78053,78058,78111,78113,78138,78143,78204,78206,78231,78234,78241,78245,78248,78309,78311,78344,78347,78408,78410,78443,78449,78522,78524,78556,78563,78568,78573,78575,78587,78590,78668,78670,78711,78714,78788,78790,78823,78828,78835,78842,78846,78855,78859,78867,78869,78936,78938,78974,78979,78990,78992,78997,79002,79004,79067,79069,79094,79101,79106,79110,79113,79153,79158,79164,79169,79171,79198,79203,79206,79253,79255,79312,79319,79324,79330,79399,79403,79406,79469,79471,79504,79509,79511,79514,79595,79597,79621,79627,79629,79634,79638,79645,79653,79657,79659,79682,79686,79688,79715,79718,79725,79728,79730,79751],[10,77722,54210,77724,11201],{"id":77723},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77725,1270],{},[24,77727,77728,77731],{},[15,77729,77730],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[24,77733,77734,77735,77737],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77736,1270],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[70,77739,1887],{"id":1886},[75,77741,77743],{"className":77,"code":77742,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77744,77745,77765,77775],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77746,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77748,91],{"class":90},[84,77750,95],{"class":94},[84,77752,3498],{"class":102},[84,77754,1162],{"class":106},[84,77756,282],{"class":102},[84,77758,299],{"class":106},[84,77760,282],{"class":102},[84,77762,304],{"class":106},[84,77764,317],{"class":102},[84,77766,77767,77769,77771,77773],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77768,122],{"class":90},[84,77770,425],{"class":102},[84,77772,34677],{"class":121},[84,77774,8520],{"class":102},[84,77776,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,77778,116],{"class":98},[84,77780,103],{"class":102},[84,77782,122],{"class":121},[84,77784,125],{"class":102},[84,77786,54800],{"class":128},[24,77788,153,77789,77791,77792,425],{},[15,77790,77730],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77793,3653],{},[70,77795,429,77797,3554],{"id":77796},"what-listsort-does",[15,77798,77730],{},[24,77800,77801,881],{},[15,77802,77730],{},[33,77804,77805,77808,77811,77815],{},[36,77806,77807],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[36,77809,77810],{},"Changes the original list",[36,77812,11303,77813],{},[15,77814,3653],{},[36,77816,77817],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[24,77819,77820],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[75,77822,77824],{"className":77,"code":77823,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77825,77826,77850,77860,77864],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77827,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77829,91],{"class":90},[84,77831,95],{"class":94},[84,77833,3498],{"class":102},[84,77835,107],{"class":106},[84,77837,282],{"class":102},[84,77839,304],{"class":106},[84,77841,282],{"class":102},[84,77843,54004],{"class":106},[84,77845,282],{"class":102},[84,77847,299],{"class":106},[84,77849,317],{"class":102},[84,77851,77852,77854,77856,77858],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77853,122],{"class":90},[84,77855,425],{"class":102},[84,77857,34677],{"class":121},[84,77859,8520],{"class":102},[84,77861,77862],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,77863,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,77865,77866,77868,77870,77872],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,77867,116],{"class":98},[84,77869,103],{"class":102},[84,77871,122],{"class":121},[84,77873,110],{"class":102},[24,77875,265],{},[75,77877,77879],{"className":77,"code":77878,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77880,77881],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77882,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77884,292],{"class":102},[84,77886,838],{"class":106},[84,77888,282],{"class":102},[84,77890,304],{"class":106},[84,77892,282],{"class":102},[84,77894,285],{"class":106},[84,77896,282],{"class":102},[84,77898,54004],{"class":106},[84,77900,317],{"class":102},[24,77902,77903,77904,425],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[419,77905,66941],{"href":50848},[70,77907,2038],{"id":2037},[75,77909,77911],{"className":77,"code":77910,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77912,77913],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77914,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77934,77936,77938],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77916,8216],{"class":90},[84,77918,425],{"class":102},[84,77920,34677],{"class":121},[84,77922,103],{"class":102},[84,77924,14725],{"class":9054},[84,77926,95],{"class":94},[84,77928,3653],{"class":659},[84,77930,282],{"class":102},[84,77932,77933],{"class":9054}," reverse",[84,77935,95],{"class":94},[84,77937,3548],{"class":659},[84,77939,110],{"class":102},[24,77941,77942],{},"Main arguments:",[33,77944,77945,77950,77956],{},[36,77946,77947,77949],{},[15,77948,14725],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[36,77951,77952,77955],{},[15,77953,77954],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[36,77957,77958],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[24,77960,190],{},[75,77962,77964],{"className":77,"code":77963,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77965,77966,77990,78008,78012],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77967,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77969,91],{"class":90},[84,77971,95],{"class":94},[84,77973,3498],{"class":102},[84,77975,2386],{"class":106},[84,77977,282],{"class":102},[84,77979,299],{"class":106},[84,77981,282],{"class":102},[84,77983,5867],{"class":106},[84,77985,282],{"class":102},[84,77987,304],{"class":106},[84,77989,317],{"class":102},[84,77991,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,77993,122],{"class":90},[84,77995,425],{"class":102},[84,77997,34677],{"class":121},[84,77999,103],{"class":102},[84,78001,73440],{"class":9054},[84,78003,95],{"class":94},[84,78005,3481],{"class":659},[84,78007,110],{"class":102},[84,78009,78010],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78011,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78013,78014,78016,78018,78020],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78015,116],{"class":98},[84,78017,103],{"class":102},[84,78019,122],{"class":121},[84,78021,110],{"class":102},[24,78023,265],{},[75,78025,78027],{"className":77,"code":78026,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78028,78029],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78030,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78032,292],{"class":102},[84,78034,1909],{"class":106},[84,78036,282],{"class":102},[84,78038,314],{"class":106},[84,78040,282],{"class":102},[84,78042,304],{"class":106},[84,78044,282],{"class":102},[84,78046,299],{"class":106},[84,78048,317],{"class":102},[70,78050,78052],{"id":78051},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[24,78054,153,78055,78057],{},[15,78056,1270],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[75,78059,78061],{"className":77,"code":78060,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78062,78063,78087,78097,78101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78064,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78066,91],{"class":90},[84,78068,95],{"class":94},[84,78070,3498],{"class":102},[84,78072,2212],{"class":106},[84,78074,282],{"class":102},[84,78076,309],{"class":106},[84,78078,282],{"class":102},[84,78080,6232],{"class":106},[84,78082,282],{"class":102},[84,78084,299],{"class":106},[84,78086,317],{"class":102},[84,78088,78089,78091,78093,78095],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78090,122],{"class":90},[84,78092,425],{"class":102},[84,78094,34677],{"class":121},[84,78096,8520],{"class":102},[84,78098,78099],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78100,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78102,78103,78105,78107,78109],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78104,116],{"class":98},[84,78106,103],{"class":102},[84,78108,122],{"class":121},[84,78110,110],{"class":102},[24,78112,265],{},[75,78114,78116],{"className":77,"code":78115,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78117,78118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78119,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78121,292],{"class":102},[84,78123,838],{"class":106},[84,78125,282],{"class":102},[84,78127,309],{"class":106},[84,78129,282],{"class":102},[84,78131,6232],{"class":106},[84,78133,282],{"class":102},[84,78135,573],{"class":106},[84,78137,317],{"class":102},[24,78139,153,78140,78142],{},[15,78141,77954],{}," for descending order:",[75,78144,78146],{"className":77,"code":78145,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78147,78148,78172,78190,78194],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78149,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78151,91],{"class":90},[84,78153,95],{"class":94},[84,78155,3498],{"class":102},[84,78157,2212],{"class":106},[84,78159,282],{"class":102},[84,78161,309],{"class":106},[84,78163,282],{"class":102},[84,78165,6232],{"class":106},[84,78167,282],{"class":102},[84,78169,299],{"class":106},[84,78171,317],{"class":102},[84,78173,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78175,122],{"class":90},[84,78177,425],{"class":102},[84,78179,34677],{"class":121},[84,78181,103],{"class":102},[84,78183,73440],{"class":9054},[84,78185,95],{"class":94},[84,78187,3481],{"class":659},[84,78189,110],{"class":102},[84,78191,78192],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78193,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78195,78196,78198,78200,78202],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78197,116],{"class":98},[84,78199,103],{"class":102},[84,78201,122],{"class":121},[84,78203,110],{"class":102},[24,78205,265],{},[75,78207,78209],{"className":77,"code":78208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78210,78211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78212,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78214,292],{"class":102},[84,78216,2212],{"class":106},[84,78218,282],{"class":102},[84,78220,6232],{"class":106},[84,78222,282],{"class":102},[84,78224,309],{"class":106},[84,78226,282],{"class":102},[84,78228,299],{"class":106},[84,78230,317],{"class":102},[24,78232,78233],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[24,78235,78236,78237,425],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[419,78238,78240],{"href":78239},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[70,78242,78244],{"id":78243},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[24,78246,78247],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[75,78249,78251],{"className":77,"code":78250,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78252,78253,78285,78295,78299],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78254,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78256,3943],{"class":90},[84,78258,95],{"class":94},[84,78260,3498],{"class":102},[84,78262,854],{"class":387},[84,78264,3961],{"class":391},[84,78266,854],{"class":387},[84,78268,282],{"class":102},[84,78270,3230],{"class":387},[84,78272,3952],{"class":391},[84,78274,854],{"class":387},[84,78276,282],{"class":102},[84,78278,3230],{"class":387},[84,78280,3970],{"class":391},[84,78282,854],{"class":387},[84,78284,317],{"class":102},[84,78286,78287,78289,78291,78293],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78288,3987],{"class":90},[84,78290,425],{"class":102},[84,78292,34677],{"class":121},[84,78294,8520],{"class":102},[84,78296,78297],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78298,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78300,78301,78303,78305,78307],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78302,116],{"class":98},[84,78304,103],{"class":102},[84,78306,3987],{"class":121},[84,78308,110],{"class":102},[24,78310,265],{},[75,78312,78314],{"className":77,"code":78313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78315,78316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78317,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78319,292],{"class":102},[84,78321,394],{"class":387},[84,78323,3952],{"class":391},[84,78325,394],{"class":387},[84,78327,282],{"class":102},[84,78329,388],{"class":387},[84,78331,3961],{"class":391},[84,78333,394],{"class":387},[84,78335,282],{"class":102},[84,78337,388],{"class":387},[84,78339,3970],{"class":391},[84,78341,394],{"class":387},[84,78343,317],{"class":102},[24,78345,78346],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[75,78348,78350],{"className":77,"code":78349,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78351,78352,78384,78394,78398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78353,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78355,3943],{"class":90},[84,78357,95],{"class":94},[84,78359,3498],{"class":102},[84,78361,854],{"class":387},[84,78363,3961],{"class":391},[84,78365,854],{"class":387},[84,78367,282],{"class":102},[84,78369,3230],{"class":387},[84,78371,57636],{"class":391},[84,78373,854],{"class":387},[84,78375,282],{"class":102},[84,78377,3230],{"class":387},[84,78379,3970],{"class":391},[84,78381,854],{"class":387},[84,78383,317],{"class":102},[84,78385,78386,78388,78390,78392],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78387,3987],{"class":90},[84,78389,425],{"class":102},[84,78391,34677],{"class":121},[84,78393,8520],{"class":102},[84,78395,78396],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78397,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78399,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78401,116],{"class":98},[84,78403,103],{"class":102},[84,78405,3987],{"class":121},[84,78407,110],{"class":102},[24,78409,265],{},[75,78411,78413],{"className":77,"code":78412,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78414,78415],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78416,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78418,292],{"class":102},[84,78420,394],{"class":387},[84,78422,57636],{"class":391},[84,78424,394],{"class":387},[84,78426,282],{"class":102},[84,78428,388],{"class":387},[84,78430,3961],{"class":391},[84,78432,394],{"class":387},[84,78434,282],{"class":102},[84,78436,388],{"class":387},[84,78438,3970],{"class":391},[84,78440,394],{"class":387},[84,78442,317],{"class":102},[24,78444,78445,78446,881],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78447,78448],{},"key=str.lower",[75,78450,78452],{"className":77,"code":78451,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78453,78454,78486,78508,78512],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78455,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78457,3943],{"class":90},[84,78459,95],{"class":94},[84,78461,3498],{"class":102},[84,78463,854],{"class":387},[84,78465,3961],{"class":391},[84,78467,854],{"class":387},[84,78469,282],{"class":102},[84,78471,3230],{"class":387},[84,78473,57636],{"class":391},[84,78475,854],{"class":387},[84,78477,282],{"class":102},[84,78479,3230],{"class":387},[84,78481,3970],{"class":391},[84,78483,854],{"class":387},[84,78485,317],{"class":102},[84,78487,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78489,3987],{"class":90},[84,78491,425],{"class":102},[84,78493,34677],{"class":121},[84,78495,103],{"class":102},[84,78497,14725],{"class":9054},[84,78499,95],{"class":94},[84,78501,3321],{"class":139},[84,78503,425],{"class":102},[84,78505,8517],{"class":24629},[84,78507,110],{"class":102},[84,78509,78510],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78511,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78513,78514,78516,78518,78520],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78515,116],{"class":98},[84,78517,103],{"class":102},[84,78519,3987],{"class":121},[84,78521,110],{"class":102},[24,78523,265],{},[75,78525,78526],{"className":77,"code":78412,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,78527,78528],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78531,292],{"class":102},[84,78533,394],{"class":387},[84,78535,57636],{"class":391},[84,78537,394],{"class":387},[84,78539,282],{"class":102},[84,78541,388],{"class":387},[84,78543,3961],{"class":391},[84,78545,394],{"class":387},[84,78547,282],{"class":102},[84,78549,388],{"class":387},[84,78551,3970],{"class":391},[84,78553,394],{"class":387},[84,78555,317],{"class":102},[24,78557,78558,78559,78562],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78560,78561],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[70,78564,36484,78566,36487],{"id":78565},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78567,14725],{},[24,78569,1862,78570,78572],{},[15,78571,14725],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[24,78574,7218],{},[33,78576,78577,78582],{},[36,78578,78579,78581],{},[15,78580,602],{}," to sort by length",[36,78583,78584,78586],{},[15,78585,78561],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[24,78588,78589],{},"Sort words by length:",[75,78591,78593],{"className":77,"code":78592,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78594,78595,78636,78654,78658],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78596,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78598,3943],{"class":90},[84,78600,95],{"class":94},[84,78602,3498],{"class":102},[84,78604,854],{"class":387},[84,78606,78607],{"class":391},"pear",[84,78609,854],{"class":387},[84,78611,282],{"class":102},[84,78613,3230],{"class":387},[84,78615,3961],{"class":391},[84,78617,854],{"class":387},[84,78619,282],{"class":102},[84,78621,3230],{"class":387},[84,78623,38228],{"class":391},[84,78625,854],{"class":387},[84,78627,282],{"class":102},[84,78629,3230],{"class":387},[84,78631,3952],{"class":391},[84,78633,854],{"class":387},[84,78635,317],{"class":102},[84,78637,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78639,3987],{"class":90},[84,78641,425],{"class":102},[84,78643,34677],{"class":121},[84,78645,103],{"class":102},[84,78647,14725],{"class":9054},[84,78649,95],{"class":94},[84,78651,602],{"class":98},[84,78653,110],{"class":102},[84,78655,78656],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78657,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78659,78660,78662,78664,78666],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78661,116],{"class":98},[84,78663,103],{"class":102},[84,78665,3987],{"class":121},[84,78667,110],{"class":102},[24,78669,265],{},[75,78671,78673],{"className":77,"code":78672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78674,78675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78676,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78678,292],{"class":102},[84,78680,394],{"class":387},[84,78682,38228],{"class":391},[84,78684,394],{"class":387},[84,78686,282],{"class":102},[84,78688,388],{"class":387},[84,78690,78607],{"class":391},[84,78692,394],{"class":387},[84,78694,282],{"class":102},[84,78696,388],{"class":387},[84,78698,3952],{"class":391},[84,78700,394],{"class":387},[84,78702,282],{"class":102},[84,78704,388],{"class":387},[84,78706,3961],{"class":391},[84,78708,394],{"class":387},[84,78710,317],{"class":102},[24,78712,78713],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[75,78715,78717],{"className":77,"code":78716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78718,78719,78752,78774,78778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78720,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78748,78750],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78722,3943],{"class":90},[84,78724,95],{"class":94},[84,78726,3498],{"class":102},[84,78728,854],{"class":387},[84,78730,4886],{"class":391},[84,78732,854],{"class":387},[84,78734,282],{"class":102},[84,78736,3230],{"class":387},[84,78738,17686],{"class":391},[84,78740,854],{"class":387},[84,78742,282],{"class":102},[84,78744,3230],{"class":387},[84,78746,78747],{"class":391},"Carol",[84,78749,854],{"class":387},[84,78751,317],{"class":102},[84,78753,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78755,3987],{"class":90},[84,78757,425],{"class":102},[84,78759,34677],{"class":121},[84,78761,103],{"class":102},[84,78763,14725],{"class":9054},[84,78765,95],{"class":94},[84,78767,3321],{"class":139},[84,78769,425],{"class":102},[84,78771,8517],{"class":24629},[84,78773,110],{"class":102},[84,78775,78776],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78777,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78779,78780,78782,78784,78786],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78781,116],{"class":98},[84,78783,103],{"class":102},[84,78785,3987],{"class":121},[84,78787,110],{"class":102},[24,78789,265],{},[75,78791,78793],{"className":77,"code":78792,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78794,78795],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78796,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78798,292],{"class":102},[84,78800,394],{"class":387},[84,78802,17686],{"class":391},[84,78804,394],{"class":387},[84,78806,282],{"class":102},[84,78808,388],{"class":387},[84,78810,4886],{"class":391},[84,78812,394],{"class":387},[84,78814,282],{"class":102},[84,78816,388],{"class":387},[84,78818,78747],{"class":391},[84,78820,394],{"class":387},[84,78822,317],{"class":102},[24,78824,1862,78825,78827],{},[15,78826,14725],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[70,78829,78831,18,78833],{"id":78830},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78832,77730],{},[15,78834,74287],{},[24,78836,78837,28,78839,78841],{},[15,78838,77730],{},[15,78840,74287],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[24,78843,78844,881],{},[15,78845,77730],{},[33,78847,78848,78851],{},[36,78849,78850],{},"Changes the existing list",[36,78852,11303,78853],{},[15,78854,3653],{},[24,78856,78857,881],{},[15,78858,74287],{},[33,78860,78861,78864],{},[36,78862,78863],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[36,78865,78866],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[24,78868,190],{},[75,78870,78872],{"className":77,"code":78871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78873,78874,78894,78898,78912,78916,78926],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78875,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78877,91],{"class":90},[84,78879,95],{"class":94},[84,78881,3498],{"class":102},[84,78883,1162],{"class":106},[84,78885,282],{"class":102},[84,78887,299],{"class":106},[84,78889,282],{"class":102},[84,78891,304],{"class":106},[84,78893,317],{"class":102},[84,78895,78896],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78897,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78899,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,78901,55757],{"class":90},[84,78903,95],{"class":94},[84,78905,74421],{"class":98},[84,78907,103],{"class":102},[84,78909,122],{"class":121},[84,78911,110],{"class":102},[84,78913,78914],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,78915,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,78917,78918,78920,78922,78924],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,78919,116],{"class":98},[84,78921,103],{"class":102},[84,78923,122],{"class":121},[84,78925,110],{"class":102},[84,78927,78928,78930,78932,78934],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,78929,116],{"class":98},[84,78931,103],{"class":102},[84,78933,74144],{"class":121},[84,78935,110],{"class":102},[24,78937,265],{},[75,78939,78940],{"className":77,"code":74456,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,78941,78942,78958],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78943,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78945,292],{"class":102},[84,78947,1162],{"class":106},[84,78949,282],{"class":102},[84,78951,299],{"class":106},[84,78953,282],{"class":102},[84,78955,304],{"class":106},[84,78957,317],{"class":102},[84,78959,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,78961,292],{"class":102},[84,78963,838],{"class":106},[84,78965,282],{"class":102},[84,78967,304],{"class":106},[84,78969,282],{"class":102},[84,78971,309],{"class":106},[84,78973,317],{"class":102},[24,78975,153,78976,78978],{},[15,78977,74287],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[24,78980,78981,78982,28,78986,425],{},"You can learn more in ",[419,78983,13,78984,5657],{"href":74384},[15,78985,74287],{},[419,78987,78989],{"href":78988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[70,78991,1434],{"id":1433},[24,78993,78994,78995,425],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78996,77730],{},[1667,78998,12476,79000],{"id":78999},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79001,1270],{},[24,79003,25567],{},[75,79005,79007],{"className":77,"code":79006,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79008,79009,79029,79043,79047,79057],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79010,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79012,91],{"class":90},[84,79014,95],{"class":94},[84,79016,3498],{"class":102},[84,79018,1162],{"class":106},[84,79020,282],{"class":102},[84,79022,299],{"class":106},[84,79024,282],{"class":102},[84,79026,304],{"class":106},[84,79028,317],{"class":102},[84,79030,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79032,2110],{"class":90},[84,79034,95],{"class":94},[84,79036,4137],{"class":90},[84,79038,425],{"class":102},[84,79040,34677],{"class":121},[84,79042,8520],{"class":102},[84,79044,79045],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,79046,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,79048,79049,79051,79053,79055],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,79050,116],{"class":98},[84,79052,103],{"class":102},[84,79054,2145],{"class":121},[84,79056,110],{"class":102},[84,79058,79059,79061,79063,79065],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,79060,116],{"class":98},[84,79062,103],{"class":102},[84,79064,122],{"class":121},[84,79066,110],{"class":102},[24,79068,265],{},[75,79070,79072],{"className":77,"code":79071,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79073,79074,79078],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79075,79076],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79077,11689],{"class":659},[84,79079,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79081,292],{"class":102},[84,79083,838],{"class":106},[84,79085,282],{"class":102},[84,79087,304],{"class":106},[84,79089,282],{"class":102},[84,79091,309],{"class":106},[84,79093,317],{"class":102},[24,79095,79096,79098,79099,425],{},[15,79097,1270],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79100,3653],{},[24,79102,79103,79104,6505],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79105,74287],{},[1667,79107,79109],{"id":79108},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[24,79111,79112],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[75,79114,79116],{"className":77,"code":79115,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79117,79118,79143],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79119,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79135,79137,79139,79141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79121,7656],{"class":90},[84,79123,95],{"class":94},[84,79125,3498],{"class":102},[84,79127,838],{"class":106},[84,79129,282],{"class":102},[84,79131,3230],{"class":387},[84,79133,79134],{"class":391},"two",[84,79136,854],{"class":387},[84,79138,282],{"class":102},[84,79140,309],{"class":106},[84,79142,317],{"class":102},[84,79144,79145,79147,79149,79151],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79146,7687],{"class":90},[84,79148,425],{"class":102},[84,79150,34677],{"class":121},[84,79152,8520],{"class":102},[24,79154,2881,79155,79157],{},[15,79156,2884],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1667,79159,4577,79161,79163],{"id":79160},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79162,1270],{}," only works on lists",[24,79165,79166,79168],{},[15,79167,1270],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[24,79170,16526],{},[75,79172,79174],{"className":77,"code":79173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79175,79176,79188],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79177,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79179,34565],{"class":90},[84,79181,95],{"class":94},[84,79183,3230],{"class":387},[84,79185,79],{"class":391},[84,79187,3236],{"class":387},[84,79189,79190,79192,79194,79196],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79191,34586],{"class":90},[84,79193,425],{"class":102},[84,79195,34677],{"class":121},[84,79197,8520],{"class":102},[24,79199,79200,79201,33478],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79202,1270],{},[24,79204,79205],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[75,79207,79209],{"className":77,"code":79208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79210,79211,79229,79239,79243],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79212,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79214,35967],{"class":90},[84,79216,95],{"class":94},[84,79218,220],{"class":139},[84,79220,103],{"class":102},[84,79222,854],{"class":387},[84,79224,79],{"class":391},[84,79226,854],{"class":387},[84,79228,110],{"class":102},[84,79230,79231,79233,79235,79237],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79232,36019],{"class":90},[84,79234,425],{"class":102},[84,79236,34677],{"class":121},[84,79238,8520],{"class":102},[84,79240,79241],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,79242,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,79244,79245,79247,79249,79251],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,79246,116],{"class":98},[84,79248,103],{"class":102},[84,79250,36019],{"class":121},[84,79252,110],{"class":102},[24,79254,265],{},[75,79256,79258],{"className":77,"code":79257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79259,79260],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79261,79262,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79263,292],{"class":102},[84,79265,394],{"class":387},[84,79267,60305],{"class":391},[84,79269,394],{"class":387},[84,79271,282],{"class":102},[84,79273,388],{"class":387},[84,79275,75893],{"class":391},[84,79277,394],{"class":387},[84,79279,282],{"class":102},[84,79281,388],{"class":387},[84,79283,60340],{"class":391},[84,79285,394],{"class":387},[84,79287,282],{"class":102},[84,79289,388],{"class":387},[84,79291,24],{"class":391},[84,79293,394],{"class":387},[84,79295,282],{"class":102},[84,79297,388],{"class":387},[84,79299,63152],{"class":391},[84,79301,394],{"class":387},[84,79303,282],{"class":102},[84,79305,388],{"class":387},[84,79307,11626],{"class":391},[84,79309,394],{"class":387},[84,79311,317],{"class":102},[1667,79313,79315,79316,79318],{"id":79314},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79317,14725],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[24,79320,79321,79322,425],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79323,14725],{},[24,79325,79326,79327,79329],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79328,1270],{}," will not do that:",[75,79331,79333],{"className":77,"code":79332,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79334,79335,79367,79385,79389],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79336,79337,79339,79341,79343,79345,79347,79349,79351,79353,79355,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79338,3943],{"class":90},[84,79340,95],{"class":94},[84,79342,3498],{"class":102},[84,79344,854],{"class":387},[84,79346,3961],{"class":391},[84,79348,854],{"class":387},[84,79350,282],{"class":102},[84,79352,3230],{"class":387},[84,79354,38228],{"class":391},[84,79356,854],{"class":387},[84,79358,282],{"class":102},[84,79360,3230],{"class":387},[84,79362,3952],{"class":391},[84,79364,854],{"class":387},[84,79366,317],{"class":102},[84,79368,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79370,3987],{"class":90},[84,79372,425],{"class":102},[84,79374,34677],{"class":121},[84,79376,103],{"class":102},[84,79378,14725],{"class":9054},[84,79380,95],{"class":94},[84,79382,602],{"class":98},[84,79384,110],{"class":102},[84,79386,79387],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,79388,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,79390,79391,79393,79395,79397],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,79392,116],{"class":98},[84,79394,103],{"class":102},[84,79396,3987],{"class":121},[84,79398,110],{"class":102},[1667,79400,79402],{"id":79401},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[24,79404,79405],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[75,79407,79409],{"className":77,"code":79408,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79410,79411,79445,79455,79459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79412,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79441,79443],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79414,3943],{"class":90},[84,79416,95],{"class":94},[84,79418,3498],{"class":102},[84,79420,854],{"class":387},[84,79422,79423],{"class":391},"zebra",[84,79425,854],{"class":387},[84,79427,282],{"class":102},[84,79429,3230],{"class":387},[84,79431,57636],{"class":391},[84,79433,854],{"class":387},[84,79435,282],{"class":102},[84,79437,3230],{"class":387},[84,79439,79440],{"class":391},"monkey",[84,79442,854],{"class":387},[84,79444,317],{"class":102},[84,79446,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79448,3987],{"class":90},[84,79450,425],{"class":102},[84,79452,34677],{"class":121},[84,79454,8520],{"class":102},[84,79456,79457],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,79458,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,79460,79461,79463,79465,79467],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,79462,116],{"class":98},[84,79464,103],{"class":102},[84,79466,3987],{"class":121},[84,79468,110],{"class":102},[24,79470,265],{},[75,79472,79474],{"className":77,"code":79473,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79475,79476],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79477,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79479,292],{"class":102},[84,79481,394],{"class":387},[84,79483,57636],{"class":391},[84,79485,394],{"class":387},[84,79487,282],{"class":102},[84,79489,388],{"class":387},[84,79491,79440],{"class":391},[84,79493,394],{"class":387},[84,79495,282],{"class":102},[84,79497,388],{"class":387},[84,79499,79423],{"class":391},[84,79501,394],{"class":387},[84,79503,317],{"class":102},[24,79505,153,79506,79508],{},[15,79507,78448],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1667,79510,60576],{"id":60575},[24,79512,79513],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[75,79515,79517],{"className":77,"code":79516,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79518,79519,79529,79543,79557,79571],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79520,79521,79523,79525,79527],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79522,116],{"class":98},[84,79524,103],{"class":102},[84,79526,8216],{"class":121},[84,79528,110],{"class":102},[84,79530,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79532,116],{"class":98},[84,79534,103],{"class":102},[84,79536,334],{"class":139},[84,79538,103],{"class":102},[84,79540,8216],{"class":121},[84,79542,232],{"class":102},[84,79544,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,79546,116],{"class":98},[84,79548,103],{"class":102},[84,79550,8216],{"class":121},[84,79552,425],{"class":102},[84,79554,34677],{"class":121},[84,79556,7069],{"class":102},[84,79558,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,79560,116],{"class":98},[84,79562,103],{"class":102},[84,79564,74377],{"class":98},[84,79566,103],{"class":102},[84,79568,8216],{"class":121},[84,79570,232],{"class":102},[84,79572,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,79574,116],{"class":98},[84,79576,2865],{"class":102},[84,79578,334],{"class":139},[84,79580,103],{"class":102},[84,79582,23191],{"class":121},[84,79584,125],{"class":102},[84,79586,3752],{"class":470},[84,79588,5834],{"class":121},[84,79590,476],{"class":470},[84,79592,8272],{"class":121},[84,79594,741],{"class":102},[24,79596,11049],{},[33,79598,79599,79602,79605,79612,79618],{},[36,79600,79601],{},"What values are in the list",[36,79603,79604],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[36,79606,79607,79608,2279,79610],{},"That ",[15,79609,1270],{},[15,79611,3653],{},[36,79613,79614,79615,79617],{},"Whether ",[15,79616,74287],{}," works better for your case",[36,79619,79620],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[24,79622,79623,79624,79626],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79625,2884],{}," problems.",[70,79628,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,79630,12586,79632,55337],{"id":79631},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79633,77730],{},[24,79635,62468,79636,425],{},[15,79637,3653],{},[1667,79639,5053,79641,28,79643,1689],{"id":79640},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79642,1270],{},[15,79644,74287],{},[24,79646,79647,79649,79650,79652],{},[15,79648,1270],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79651,74287],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1667,79654,79656],{"id":79655},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[24,79658,18578],{},[75,79660,79662],{"className":77,"code":79661,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79663,79664],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79665,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79667,8216],{"class":90},[84,79669,425],{"class":102},[84,79671,34677],{"class":121},[84,79673,103],{"class":102},[84,79675,73440],{"class":9054},[84,79677,95],{"class":94},[84,79679,3481],{"class":659},[84,79681,110],{"class":102},[1667,79683,79685],{"id":79684},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[24,79687,18578],{},[75,79689,79691],{"className":77,"code":79690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79692,79693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79694,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79696,8216],{"class":90},[84,79698,425],{"class":102},[84,79700,34677],{"class":121},[84,79702,103],{"class":102},[84,79704,14725],{"class":9054},[84,79706,95],{"class":94},[84,79708,3321],{"class":139},[84,79710,425],{"class":102},[84,79712,8517],{"class":24629},[84,79714,110],{"class":102},[24,79716,79717],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1667,79719,79721,79722,79724],{"id":79720},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79723,2884],{}," when sorting?",[24,79726,79727],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[70,79729,1777],{"id":1776},[33,79731,79732,79737,79743,79747],{},[36,79733,79734],{},[419,79735,79736],{"href":78239},"How to sort a list in Python",[36,79738,79739],{},[419,79740,13,79741,5657],{"href":74384},[15,79742,74287],{},[36,79744,79745],{},[419,79746,66941],{"href":50848},[36,79748,79749],{},[419,79750,78989],{"href":78988},[1814,79752,79753],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":79755},[79756,79757,79759,79760,79761,79762,79764,79766,79777,79787],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":77796,"depth":113,"text":79758},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":78051,"depth":113,"text":78052},{"id":78243,"depth":113,"text":78244},{"id":78565,"depth":113,"text":79763},"Using the key argument",{"id":78830,"depth":113,"text":79765},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":79767},[79768,79770,79771,79773,79775,79776],{"id":78999,"depth":132,"text":79769},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79108,"depth":132,"text":79109},{"id":79160,"depth":132,"text":79772},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79314,"depth":132,"text":79774},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79401,"depth":132,"text":79402},{"id":60575,"depth":132,"text":60576},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":79778},[79779,79781,79783,79784,79785],{"id":79631,"depth":132,"text":79780},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79640,"depth":132,"text":79782},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79655,"depth":132,"text":79656},{"id":79684,"depth":132,"text":79685},{"id":79720,"depth":132,"text":79786},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77718,"description":79788},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79795,"title":79796,"body":79797,"description":82427,"extension":1845,"meta":82428,"navigation":237,"path":82429,"seo":82430,"stem":82431,"__hash__":82432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79798,"toc":82386},[79799,79804,79809,79812,79823,79826,79846,79848,79910,79912,79953,79962,79967,79972,79978,79989,79991,80010,80013,80018,80023,80025,80030,80044,80046,80064,80067,80084,80087,80093,80116,80121,80123,80126,80187,80189,80222,80224,80263,80271,80281,80287,80292,80385,80387,80411,80413,80431,80434,80464,80470,80475,80478,80480,80605,80607,80631,80633,80652,80658,80664,80783,80785,80802,80809,80815,80820,80827,80833,80835,80892,80895,80916,80919,80922,80983,80985,81018,81022,81092,81094,81111,81115,81118,81193,81195,81232,81235,81238,81309,81311,81372,81377,81382,81385,81399,81401,81474,81476,81496,81499,81502,81559,81621,81624,81656,81659,81674,81679,81681,81687,81690,81746,81749,81751,81770,81774,81776,81820,81829,81831,81891,81895,81898,81900,81993,81995,82110,82114,82116,82190,82193,82196,82198,82203,82268,82270,82294,82304,82306,82312,82321,82330,82339,82345,82348,82352,82355,82357,82383],[10,79800,13,79802,3456],{"id":79801},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79803,39587],{},[24,79805,3459,79806,79808],{},[15,79807,39587],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[24,79810,79811],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[33,79813,79814,79817,79820],{},[36,79815,79816],{},"converting numbers to strings",[36,79818,79819],{},"changing strings to integers",[36,79821,79822],{},"doubling every value in a list",[24,79824,79825],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[33,79827,79828,79835,79841],{},[36,79829,79830,13937,79832,79834],{},[15,79831,39587],{},[42,79833,1367],{}," return a list in Python 3",[36,79836,79837,79838],{},"it returns a ",[42,79839,79840],{},"map object",[36,79842,79843,79844],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79845,788],{},[70,79847,1887],{"id":1886},[75,79849,79851],{"className":77,"code":79850,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79852,79853,79877,79896],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79854,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79856,91],{"class":90},[84,79858,95],{"class":94},[84,79860,3498],{"class":102},[84,79862,838],{"class":106},[84,79864,282],{"class":102},[84,79866,304],{"class":106},[84,79868,282],{"class":102},[84,79870,309],{"class":106},[84,79872,282],{"class":102},[84,79874,314],{"class":106},[84,79876,317],{"class":102},[84,79878,79879,79881,79883,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,79880,2110],{"class":90},[84,79882,95],{"class":94},[84,79884,79885],{"class":98}," map",[84,79887,103],{"class":102},[84,79889,3321],{"class":139},[84,79891,282],{"class":102},[84,79893,4137],{"class":121},[84,79895,110],{"class":102},[84,79897,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,79899,116],{"class":98},[84,79901,103],{"class":102},[84,79903,140],{"class":139},[84,79905,103],{"class":102},[84,79907,2145],{"class":121},[84,79909,232],{"class":102},[24,79911,265],{},[75,79913,79915],{"className":77,"code":79914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79916,79917],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79918,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79920,292],{"class":102},[84,79922,394],{"class":387},[84,79924,838],{"class":391},[84,79926,394],{"class":387},[84,79928,282],{"class":102},[84,79930,388],{"class":387},[84,79932,568],{"class":391},[84,79934,394],{"class":387},[84,79936,282],{"class":102},[84,79938,388],{"class":387},[84,79940,1162],{"class":391},[84,79942,394],{"class":387},[84,79944,282],{"class":102},[84,79946,388],{"class":387},[84,79948,2386],{"class":391},[84,79950,394],{"class":387},[84,79952,317],{"class":102},[24,79954,153,79955,79958,79959,79961],{},[15,79956,79957],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79960,788],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[70,79963,429,79965,3554],{"id":79964},"what-map-does",[15,79966,39587],{},[24,79968,79969,79971],{},[15,79970,39587],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[24,79973,79974,79975,79977],{},"An ",[42,79976,3595],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[33,79979,79980,79982,79984,79986],{},[36,79981,37771],{},[36,79983,37774],{},[36,79985,37777],{},[36,79987,79988],{},"a range object",[24,79990,30601],{},[75,79992,79994],{"className":77,"code":79993,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79995,79996],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79997,79998,80000,80002,80004,80006,80008],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79999,39730],{"class":98},[84,80001,103],{"class":102},[84,80003,37730],{"class":121},[84,80005,282],{"class":102},[84,80007,37735],{"class":121},[84,80009,110],{"class":102},[24,80011,80012],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[24,80014,80015,80016,33619],{},"Important: the result is a ",[42,80017,79840],{},[24,80019,80020,80021,425],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[419,80022,5010],{"href":5009},[70,80024,2038],{"id":2037},[24,80026,80027,80029],{},[15,80028,39587],{}," needs at least two parts:",[33,80031,80032,80038],{},[36,80033,80034,80037],{},[42,80035,80036],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[36,80039,80040,80043],{},[42,80041,80042],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[24,80045,3580],{},[75,80047,80048],{"className":77,"code":79993,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,80049,80050],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80051,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80053,39730],{"class":98},[84,80055,103],{"class":102},[84,80057,37730],{"class":121},[84,80059,282],{"class":102},[84,80061,37735],{"class":121},[84,80063,110],{"class":102},[24,80065,80066],{},"You can pass:",[33,80068,80069,80078,80081],{},[36,80070,80071,80072,1263,80074,1267,80076],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80073,3321],{},[15,80075,2070],{},[15,80077,1901],{},[36,80079,80080],{},"your own custom function",[36,80082,80083],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[24,80085,80086],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[24,80088,80089,80090,80092],{},"You will often see ",[15,80091,39587],{}," used like this:",[75,80094,80096],{"className":77,"code":80095,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80097,80098],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80099,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80101,140],{"class":139},[84,80103,103],{"class":102},[84,80105,39730],{"class":98},[84,80107,103],{"class":102},[84,80109,37730],{"class":121},[84,80111,282],{"class":102},[84,80113,3760],{"class":121},[84,80115,232],{"class":102},[24,80117,6551,80118,80120],{},[15,80119,788],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[70,80122,11355],{"id":11354},[24,80124,80125],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[75,80127,80129],{"className":77,"code":80128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80130,80131,80151,80169,80173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80132,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80134,91],{"class":90},[84,80136,95],{"class":94},[84,80138,3498],{"class":102},[84,80140,2212],{"class":106},[84,80142,282],{"class":102},[84,80144,7667],{"class":106},[84,80146,282],{"class":102},[84,80148,7672],{"class":106},[84,80150,317],{"class":102},[84,80152,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,80154,2110],{"class":90},[84,80156,95],{"class":94},[84,80158,79885],{"class":98},[84,80160,103],{"class":102},[84,80162,3321],{"class":139},[84,80164,282],{"class":102},[84,80166,4137],{"class":121},[84,80168,110],{"class":102},[84,80170,80171],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,80172,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80174,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183,80185],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,80176,116],{"class":98},[84,80178,103],{"class":102},[84,80180,140],{"class":139},[84,80182,103],{"class":102},[84,80184,2145],{"class":121},[84,80186,232],{"class":102},[24,80188,265],{},[75,80190,80192],{"className":77,"code":80191,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80193,80194],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80195,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80197,292],{"class":102},[84,80199,394],{"class":387},[84,80201,2212],{"class":391},[84,80203,394],{"class":387},[84,80205,282],{"class":102},[84,80207,388],{"class":387},[84,80209,15636],{"class":391},[84,80211,394],{"class":387},[84,80213,282],{"class":102},[84,80215,388],{"class":387},[84,80217,36713],{"class":391},[84,80219,394],{"class":387},[84,80221,317],{"class":102},[24,80223,11564],{},[33,80225,80226,80231,80239,80247,80255],{},[36,80227,80228,80230],{},[15,80229,122],{}," contains integers",[36,80232,80233,80236,80237],{},[15,80234,80235],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80238,47552],{},[36,80240,80241,42027,80244],{},[15,80242,80243],{},"str(10)",[15,80245,80246],{},"'10'",[36,80248,80249,42027,80252],{},[15,80250,80251],{},"str(20)",[15,80253,80254],{},"'20'",[36,80256,80257,42027,80260],{},[15,80258,80259],{},"str(30)",[15,80261,80262],{},"'30'",[24,80264,53522,80265,80267,80268,80270],{},[15,80266,39587],{}," applies ",[15,80269,47552],{}," one item at a time.",[24,80272,80273,80274,80276,80277,425],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80275,788],{}," better, see ",[419,80278,13,80279,424],{"href":785},[15,80280,788],{},[70,80282,1442,80284,80286],{"id":80283},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80285,39587],{}," with your own function",[24,80288,15596,80289,80291],{},[15,80290,39587],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[75,80293,80295],{"className":77,"code":80294,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80296,80297,80310,80320,80324,80348,80367,80371],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80298,80299,80301,80304,80306,80308],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80300,34728],{"class":383},[84,80302,80303],{"class":34731}," double",[84,80305,103],{"class":102},[84,80307,2055],{"class":37532},[84,80309,485],{"class":102},[84,80311,80312,80314,80316,80318],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,80313,34739],{"class":470},[84,80315,3755],{"class":90},[84,80317,39743],{"class":94},[84,80319,893],{"class":106},[84,80321,80322],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,80323,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80325,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,80327,91],{"class":90},[84,80329,95],{"class":94},[84,80331,3498],{"class":102},[84,80333,838],{"class":106},[84,80335,282],{"class":102},[84,80337,304],{"class":106},[84,80339,282],{"class":102},[84,80341,309],{"class":106},[84,80343,282],{"class":102},[84,80345,314],{"class":106},[84,80347,317],{"class":102},[84,80349,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80361,80363,80365],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,80351,2110],{"class":90},[84,80353,95],{"class":94},[84,80355,79885],{"class":98},[84,80357,103],{"class":102},[84,80359,80360],{"class":121},"double",[84,80362,282],{"class":102},[84,80364,4137],{"class":121},[84,80366,110],{"class":102},[84,80368,80369],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,80370,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80372,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,80374,116],{"class":98},[84,80376,103],{"class":102},[84,80378,140],{"class":139},[84,80380,103],{"class":102},[84,80382,2145],{"class":121},[84,80384,232],{"class":102},[24,80386,265],{},[75,80388,80389],{"className":77,"code":39756,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,80390,80391],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80392,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80394,292],{"class":102},[84,80396,568],{"class":106},[84,80398,282],{"class":102},[84,80400,314],{"class":106},[84,80402,282],{"class":102},[84,80404,843],{"class":106},[84,80406,282],{"class":102},[84,80408,6232],{"class":106},[84,80410,317],{"class":102},[24,80412,65448],{},[33,80414,80415,80422,80428],{},[36,80416,80417,80419,80420],{},[15,80418,39587],{}," takes the function ",[15,80421,80360],{},[36,80423,80424,80425,80427],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80426,122],{}," into that function",[36,80429,80430],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[24,80432,80433],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[33,80435,80436,80443,80450,80457],{},[36,80437,80438,5944,80441],{},[15,80439,80440],{},"double(1)",[15,80442,568],{},[36,80444,80445,5944,80448],{},[15,80446,80447],{},"double(2)",[15,80449,2386],{},[36,80451,80452,5944,80455],{},[15,80453,80454],{},"double(3)",[15,80456,617],{},[36,80458,80459,5944,80462],{},[15,80460,80461],{},"double(4)",[15,80463,2227],{},[70,80465,1442,80467,80469],{"id":80466},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80468,39587],{}," with multiple iterables",[24,80471,80472,80474],{},[15,80473,39587],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[24,80476,80477],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[24,80479,190],{},[75,80481,80483],{"className":77,"code":80482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80484,80485,80502,80512,80516,80537,80558,80562,80587,80591],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80486,80487,80489,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80488,34728],{"class":383},[84,80490,80491],{"class":34731}," add_numbers",[84,80493,103],{"class":102},[84,80495,419],{"class":37532},[84,80497,282],{"class":102},[84,80499,2441],{"class":37532},[84,80501,485],{"class":102},[84,80503,80504,80506,80508,80510],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,80505,34739],{"class":470},[84,80507,44417],{"class":90},[84,80509,1943],{"class":94},[84,80511,36057],{"class":90},[84,80513,80514],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,80515,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80517,80518,80521,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,80519,80520],{"class":90},"list1 ",[84,80522,95],{"class":94},[84,80524,3498],{"class":102},[84,80526,838],{"class":106},[84,80528,282],{"class":102},[84,80530,304],{"class":106},[84,80532,282],{"class":102},[84,80534,309],{"class":106},[84,80536,317],{"class":102},[84,80538,80539,80542,80544,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,80540,80541],{"class":90},"list2 ",[84,80543,95],{"class":94},[84,80545,3498],{"class":102},[84,80547,2212],{"class":106},[84,80549,282],{"class":102},[84,80551,7667],{"class":106},[84,80553,282],{"class":102},[84,80555,7672],{"class":106},[84,80557,317],{"class":102},[84,80559,80560],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,80561,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80563,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80575,80577,80580,80582,80585],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,80565,2110],{"class":90},[84,80567,95],{"class":94},[84,80569,79885],{"class":98},[84,80571,103],{"class":102},[84,80573,80574],{"class":121},"add_numbers",[84,80576,282],{"class":102},[84,80578,80579],{"class":121}," list1",[84,80581,282],{"class":102},[84,80583,80584],{"class":121}," list2",[84,80586,110],{"class":102},[84,80588,80589],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,80590,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80592,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,80594,116],{"class":98},[84,80596,103],{"class":102},[84,80598,140],{"class":139},[84,80600,103],{"class":102},[84,80602,2145],{"class":121},[84,80604,232],{"class":102},[24,80606,265],{},[75,80608,80610],{"className":77,"code":80609,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80611,80612],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80613,80614,80616,80619,80621,80624,80626,80629],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80615,292],{"class":102},[84,80617,80618],{"class":106},"11",[84,80620,282],{"class":102},[84,80622,80623],{"class":106}," 22",[84,80625,282],{"class":102},[84,80627,80628],{"class":106}," 33",[84,80630,317],{"class":102},[24,80632,2060],{},[33,80634,80635,80641,80647],{},[36,80636,80637,80638],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80639,80640],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[36,80642,80643,80644],{},"then ",[15,80645,80646],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[36,80648,80643,80649],{},[15,80650,80651],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1667,80653,80655,80657],{"id":80654},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80656,39587],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[24,80659,80660,80661,80663],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80662,39587],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[75,80665,80667],{"className":77,"code":80666,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80668,80669,80685,80695,80699,80723,80739,80743,80765,80769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80670,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80672,34728],{"class":383},[84,80674,80491],{"class":34731},[84,80676,103],{"class":102},[84,80678,419],{"class":37532},[84,80680,282],{"class":102},[84,80682,2441],{"class":37532},[84,80684,485],{"class":102},[84,80686,80687,80689,80691,80693],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,80688,34739],{"class":470},[84,80690,44417],{"class":90},[84,80692,1943],{"class":94},[84,80694,36057],{"class":90},[84,80696,80697],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,80698,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80700,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,80702,80520],{"class":90},[84,80704,95],{"class":94},[84,80706,3498],{"class":102},[84,80708,838],{"class":106},[84,80710,282],{"class":102},[84,80712,304],{"class":106},[84,80714,282],{"class":102},[84,80716,309],{"class":106},[84,80718,282],{"class":102},[84,80720,314],{"class":106},[84,80722,317],{"class":102},[84,80724,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,80726,80541],{"class":90},[84,80728,95],{"class":94},[84,80730,3498],{"class":102},[84,80732,2212],{"class":106},[84,80734,282],{"class":102},[84,80736,7667],{"class":106},[84,80738,317],{"class":102},[84,80740,80741],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,80742,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80744,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,80746,2110],{"class":90},[84,80748,95],{"class":94},[84,80750,79885],{"class":98},[84,80752,103],{"class":102},[84,80754,80574],{"class":121},[84,80756,282],{"class":102},[84,80758,80579],{"class":121},[84,80760,282],{"class":102},[84,80762,80584],{"class":121},[84,80764,110],{"class":102},[84,80766,80767],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,80768,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80770,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,80772,116],{"class":98},[84,80774,103],{"class":102},[84,80776,140],{"class":139},[84,80778,103],{"class":102},[84,80780,2145],{"class":121},[84,80782,232],{"class":102},[24,80784,265],{},[75,80786,80788],{"className":77,"code":80787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80789,80790],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80791,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80793,292],{"class":102},[84,80795,80618],{"class":106},[84,80797,282],{"class":102},[84,80799,80623],{"class":106},[84,80801,317],{"class":102},[24,80803,80804,80805,80808],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80806,80807],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[70,80810,80812,80814],{"id":80811},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80813,39587],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[24,80816,37893,80817,80819],{},[15,80818,39587],{}," returns a map object.",[24,80821,80822,80823,80826],{},"This object is ",[42,80824,80825],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1667,80828,2370,80830,80832],{"id":80829},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80831,32904],{}," looks strange",[24,80834,33520],{},[75,80836,80838],{"className":77,"code":80837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80839,80840,80860,80878,80882],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80841,80842,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80843,91],{"class":90},[84,80845,95],{"class":94},[84,80847,3498],{"class":102},[84,80849,838],{"class":106},[84,80851,282],{"class":102},[84,80853,304],{"class":106},[84,80855,282],{"class":102},[84,80857,309],{"class":106},[84,80859,317],{"class":102},[84,80861,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,80863,2110],{"class":90},[84,80865,95],{"class":94},[84,80867,79885],{"class":98},[84,80869,103],{"class":102},[84,80871,3321],{"class":139},[84,80873,282],{"class":102},[84,80875,4137],{"class":121},[84,80877,110],{"class":102},[84,80879,80880],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,80881,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80883,80884,80886,80888,80890],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,80885,116],{"class":98},[84,80887,103],{"class":102},[84,80889,2145],{"class":121},[84,80891,110],{"class":102},[24,80893,80894],{},"Output will look something like this:",[75,80896,80898],{"className":77,"code":80897,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80899,80900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80901,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80903,380],{"class":94},[84,80905,39730],{"class":98},[84,80907,1247],{"class":139},[84,80909,37236],{"class":90},[84,80911,37240],{"class":37239},[84,80913,37243],{"class":34330},[84,80915,397],{"class":94},[24,80917,80918],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[24,80920,80921],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[75,80923,80925],{"className":77,"code":80924,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80926,80927,80947,80965,80969],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80928,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80930,91],{"class":90},[84,80932,95],{"class":94},[84,80934,3498],{"class":102},[84,80936,838],{"class":106},[84,80938,282],{"class":102},[84,80940,304],{"class":106},[84,80942,282],{"class":102},[84,80944,309],{"class":106},[84,80946,317],{"class":102},[84,80948,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,80950,2110],{"class":90},[84,80952,95],{"class":94},[84,80954,79885],{"class":98},[84,80956,103],{"class":102},[84,80958,3321],{"class":139},[84,80960,282],{"class":102},[84,80962,4137],{"class":121},[84,80964,110],{"class":102},[84,80966,80967],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,80968,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,80970,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,80972,116],{"class":98},[84,80974,103],{"class":102},[84,80976,140],{"class":139},[84,80978,103],{"class":102},[84,80980,2145],{"class":121},[84,80982,232],{"class":102},[24,80984,265],{},[75,80986,80988],{"className":77,"code":80987,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80989,80990],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80991,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80993,292],{"class":102},[84,80995,394],{"class":387},[84,80997,838],{"class":391},[84,80999,394],{"class":387},[84,81001,282],{"class":102},[84,81003,388],{"class":387},[84,81005,568],{"class":391},[84,81007,394],{"class":387},[84,81009,282],{"class":102},[84,81011,388],{"class":387},[84,81013,1162],{"class":391},[84,81015,394],{"class":387},[84,81017,317],{"class":102},[1667,81019,81021],{"id":81020},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[75,81023,81025],{"className":77,"code":81024,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81026,81027,81047,81065,81069,81082],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81030,91],{"class":90},[84,81032,95],{"class":94},[84,81034,3498],{"class":102},[84,81036,838],{"class":106},[84,81038,282],{"class":102},[84,81040,304],{"class":106},[84,81042,282],{"class":102},[84,81044,309],{"class":106},[84,81046,317],{"class":102},[84,81048,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81050,2110],{"class":90},[84,81052,95],{"class":94},[84,81054,79885],{"class":98},[84,81056,103],{"class":102},[84,81058,3321],{"class":139},[84,81060,282],{"class":102},[84,81062,4137],{"class":121},[84,81064,110],{"class":102},[84,81066,81067],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81068,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81070,81071,81073,81075,81077,81080],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,81072,440],{"class":470},[84,81074,5834],{"class":90},[84,81076,476],{"class":470},[84,81078,81079],{"class":90}," result",[84,81081,6266],{"class":102},[84,81083,81084,81086,81088,81090],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,81085,490],{"class":98},[84,81087,103],{"class":102},[84,81089,23191],{"class":121},[84,81091,110],{"class":102},[24,81093,265],{},[75,81095,81097],{"className":77,"code":81096,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81098,81099,81103,81107],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81100,81101],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81102,514],{"class":106},[84,81104,81105],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81106,519],{"class":106},[84,81108,81109],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81110,524],{"class":106},[1667,81112,81114],{"id":81113},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[24,81116,81117],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[75,81119,81121],{"className":77,"code":81120,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81122,81123,81143,81161,81165,81179],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81124,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81126,91],{"class":90},[84,81128,95],{"class":94},[84,81130,3498],{"class":102},[84,81132,838],{"class":106},[84,81134,282],{"class":102},[84,81136,304],{"class":106},[84,81138,282],{"class":102},[84,81140,309],{"class":106},[84,81142,317],{"class":102},[84,81144,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81146,2110],{"class":90},[84,81148,95],{"class":94},[84,81150,79885],{"class":98},[84,81152,103],{"class":102},[84,81154,3321],{"class":139},[84,81156,282],{"class":102},[84,81158,4137],{"class":121},[84,81160,110],{"class":102},[84,81162,81163],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81164,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81166,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,81168,116],{"class":98},[84,81170,103],{"class":102},[84,81172,140],{"class":139},[84,81174,103],{"class":102},[84,81176,2145],{"class":121},[84,81178,232],{"class":102},[84,81180,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,81182,116],{"class":98},[84,81184,103],{"class":102},[84,81186,140],{"class":139},[84,81188,103],{"class":102},[84,81190,2145],{"class":121},[84,81192,232],{"class":102},[24,81194,265],{},[75,81196,81198],{"className":77,"code":81197,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81199,81200,81228],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81201,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81203,292],{"class":102},[84,81205,394],{"class":387},[84,81207,838],{"class":391},[84,81209,394],{"class":387},[84,81211,282],{"class":102},[84,81213,388],{"class":387},[84,81215,568],{"class":391},[84,81217,394],{"class":387},[84,81219,282],{"class":102},[84,81221,388],{"class":387},[84,81223,1162],{"class":391},[84,81225,394],{"class":387},[84,81227,317],{"class":102},[84,81229,81230],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81231,38167],{"class":102},[24,81233,81234],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[24,81236,81237],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[75,81239,81241],{"className":77,"code":81240,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81242,81243,81263,81285,81289,81299],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81244,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257,81259,81261],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81246,91],{"class":90},[84,81248,95],{"class":94},[84,81250,3498],{"class":102},[84,81252,838],{"class":106},[84,81254,282],{"class":102},[84,81256,304],{"class":106},[84,81258,282],{"class":102},[84,81260,309],{"class":106},[84,81262,317],{"class":102},[84,81264,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81266,2110],{"class":90},[84,81268,95],{"class":94},[84,81270,220],{"class":139},[84,81272,103],{"class":102},[84,81274,39730],{"class":98},[84,81276,103],{"class":102},[84,81278,3321],{"class":139},[84,81280,282],{"class":102},[84,81282,4137],{"class":121},[84,81284,232],{"class":102},[84,81286,81287],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81288,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81290,81291,81293,81295,81297],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,81292,116],{"class":98},[84,81294,103],{"class":102},[84,81296,2145],{"class":121},[84,81298,110],{"class":102},[84,81300,81301,81303,81305,81307],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,81302,116],{"class":98},[84,81304,103],{"class":102},[84,81306,2145],{"class":121},[84,81308,110],{"class":102},[24,81310,265],{},[75,81312,81314],{"className":77,"code":81313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81315,81316,81344],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81317,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81319,292],{"class":102},[84,81321,394],{"class":387},[84,81323,838],{"class":391},[84,81325,394],{"class":387},[84,81327,282],{"class":102},[84,81329,388],{"class":387},[84,81331,568],{"class":391},[84,81333,394],{"class":387},[84,81335,282],{"class":102},[84,81337,388],{"class":387},[84,81339,1162],{"class":391},[84,81341,394],{"class":387},[84,81343,317],{"class":102},[84,81345,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81347,292],{"class":102},[84,81349,394],{"class":387},[84,81351,838],{"class":391},[84,81353,394],{"class":387},[84,81355,282],{"class":102},[84,81357,388],{"class":387},[84,81359,568],{"class":391},[84,81361,394],{"class":387},[84,81363,282],{"class":102},[84,81365,388],{"class":387},[84,81367,1162],{"class":391},[84,81369,394],{"class":387},[84,81371,317],{"class":102},[70,81373,792,81375],{"id":81374},"when-to-use-map",[15,81376,39587],{},[24,81378,81379,81381],{},[15,81380,39587],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[24,81383,81384],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[33,81386,81387,81391,81395],{},[36,81388,81389],{},[15,81390,3321],{},[36,81392,81393],{},[15,81394,2070],{},[36,81396,81397],{},[15,81398,1901],{},[24,81400,190],{},[75,81402,81404],{"className":77,"code":81403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81405,81406,81438,81460,81464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81407,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81409,3698],{"class":90},[84,81411,95],{"class":94},[84,81413,3498],{"class":102},[84,81415,394],{"class":387},[84,81417,838],{"class":391},[84,81419,394],{"class":387},[84,81421,282],{"class":102},[84,81423,388],{"class":387},[84,81425,568],{"class":391},[84,81427,394],{"class":387},[84,81429,282],{"class":102},[84,81431,388],{"class":387},[84,81433,1162],{"class":391},[84,81435,394],{"class":387},[84,81437,317],{"class":102},[84,81439,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81441,91],{"class":90},[84,81443,95],{"class":94},[84,81445,220],{"class":139},[84,81447,103],{"class":102},[84,81449,39730],{"class":98},[84,81451,103],{"class":102},[84,81453,2070],{"class":139},[84,81455,282],{"class":102},[84,81457,3760],{"class":121},[84,81459,232],{"class":102},[84,81461,81462],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81463,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,81467,116],{"class":98},[84,81469,103],{"class":102},[84,81471,122],{"class":121},[84,81473,110],{"class":102},[24,81475,265],{},[75,81477,81478],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,81479,81480],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81481,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81483,292],{"class":102},[84,81485,838],{"class":106},[84,81487,282],{"class":102},[84,81489,304],{"class":106},[84,81491,282],{"class":102},[84,81493,309],{"class":106},[84,81495,317],{"class":102},[24,81497,81498],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[24,81500,81501],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[75,81503,81505],{"className":77,"code":81504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81506,81507,81527,81549],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81508,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81510,91],{"class":90},[84,81512,95],{"class":94},[84,81514,3498],{"class":102},[84,81516,838],{"class":106},[84,81518,282],{"class":102},[84,81520,304],{"class":106},[84,81522,282],{"class":102},[84,81524,309],{"class":106},[84,81526,317],{"class":102},[84,81528,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81530,2110],{"class":90},[84,81532,95],{"class":94},[84,81534,220],{"class":139},[84,81536,103],{"class":102},[84,81538,39730],{"class":98},[84,81540,103],{"class":102},[84,81542,3321],{"class":139},[84,81544,282],{"class":102},[84,81546,4137],{"class":121},[84,81548,232],{"class":102},[84,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81552,116],{"class":98},[84,81554,103],{"class":102},[84,81556,2145],{"class":121},[84,81558,110],{"class":102},[75,81560,81562],{"className":77,"code":81561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81563,81564,81584,81611],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81565,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81567,91],{"class":90},[84,81569,95],{"class":94},[84,81571,3498],{"class":102},[84,81573,838],{"class":106},[84,81575,282],{"class":102},[84,81577,304],{"class":106},[84,81579,282],{"class":102},[84,81581,309],{"class":106},[84,81583,317],{"class":102},[84,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81605,81607,81609],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81587,2110],{"class":90},[84,81589,95],{"class":94},[84,81591,3498],{"class":102},[84,81593,3321],{"class":139},[84,81595,103],{"class":102},[84,81597,75893],{"class":121},[84,81599,125],{"class":102},[84,81601,3752],{"class":470},[84,81603,81604],{"class":90}," n ",[84,81606,476],{"class":470},[84,81608,4137],{"class":90},[84,81610,317],{"class":102},[84,81612,81613,81615,81617,81619],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81614,116],{"class":98},[84,81616,103],{"class":102},[84,81618,2145],{"class":121},[84,81620,110],{"class":102},[24,81622,81623],{},"Both produce:",[75,81625,81626],{"className":77,"code":80987,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,81627,81628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81629,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81631,292],{"class":102},[84,81633,394],{"class":387},[84,81635,838],{"class":391},[84,81637,394],{"class":387},[84,81639,282],{"class":102},[84,81641,388],{"class":387},[84,81643,568],{"class":391},[84,81645,394],{"class":387},[84,81647,282],{"class":102},[84,81649,388],{"class":387},[84,81651,1162],{"class":391},[84,81653,394],{"class":387},[84,81655,317],{"class":102},[24,81657,81658],{},"A simple rule:",[33,81660,81661,81666,81671],{},[36,81662,39861,81663,81665],{},[15,81664,39587],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[36,81667,39867,81668,81670],{},[15,81669,440],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[36,81672,81673],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[24,81675,81676,81677,425],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[419,81678,4267],{"href":4266},[70,81680,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,81682,81684,81685],{"id":81683},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81686,788],{},[24,81688,81689],{},"This is very common:",[75,81691,81692],{"className":77,"code":80837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,81693,81694,81714,81732,81736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81695,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81697,91],{"class":90},[84,81699,95],{"class":94},[84,81701,3498],{"class":102},[84,81703,838],{"class":106},[84,81705,282],{"class":102},[84,81707,304],{"class":106},[84,81709,282],{"class":102},[84,81711,309],{"class":106},[84,81713,317],{"class":102},[84,81715,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81717,2110],{"class":90},[84,81719,95],{"class":94},[84,81721,79885],{"class":98},[84,81723,103],{"class":102},[84,81725,3321],{"class":139},[84,81727,282],{"class":102},[84,81729,4137],{"class":121},[84,81731,110],{"class":102},[84,81733,81734],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81735,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81737,81738,81740,81742,81744],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,81739,116],{"class":98},[84,81741,103],{"class":102},[84,81743,2145],{"class":121},[84,81745,110],{"class":102},[24,81747,81748],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[24,81750,39132],{},[75,81752,81754],{"className":77,"code":81753,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81755,81756],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81757,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81759,116],{"class":98},[84,81761,103],{"class":102},[84,81763,140],{"class":139},[84,81765,103],{"class":102},[84,81767,2145],{"class":121},[84,81769,232],{"class":102},[1667,81771,81773],{"id":81772},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[24,81775,16526],{},[75,81777,81779],{"className":77,"code":81778,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81780,81781,81801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81782,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81784,91],{"class":90},[84,81786,95],{"class":94},[84,81788,3498],{"class":102},[84,81790,838],{"class":106},[84,81792,282],{"class":102},[84,81794,304],{"class":106},[84,81796,282],{"class":102},[84,81798,309],{"class":106},[84,81800,317],{"class":102},[84,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81816,81818],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81804,2110],{"class":90},[84,81806,95],{"class":94},[84,81808,79885],{"class":98},[84,81810,103],{"class":102},[84,81812,3321],{"class":139},[84,81814,81815],{"class":102},"(),",[84,81817,4137],{"class":121},[84,81819,110],{"class":102},[24,81821,81822,81823,81825,81826,81828],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81824,47552],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81827,39587],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[24,81830,16538],{},[75,81832,81833],{"className":77,"code":80924,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,81834,81835,81855,81873,81877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81836,81837,81839,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81838,91],{"class":90},[84,81840,95],{"class":94},[84,81842,3498],{"class":102},[84,81844,838],{"class":106},[84,81846,282],{"class":102},[84,81848,304],{"class":106},[84,81850,282],{"class":102},[84,81852,309],{"class":106},[84,81854,317],{"class":102},[84,81856,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81858,2110],{"class":90},[84,81860,95],{"class":94},[84,81862,79885],{"class":98},[84,81864,103],{"class":102},[84,81866,3321],{"class":139},[84,81868,282],{"class":102},[84,81870,4137],{"class":121},[84,81872,110],{"class":102},[84,81874,81875],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81876,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81878,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,81880,116],{"class":98},[84,81882,103],{"class":102},[84,81884,140],{"class":139},[84,81886,103],{"class":102},[84,81888,2145],{"class":121},[84,81890,232],{"class":102},[1667,81892,81894],{"id":81893},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[24,81896,81897],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[24,81899,16526],{},[75,81901,81903],{"className":77,"code":81902,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81904,81905,81922,81932,81936,81956,81975,81979],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,81906,81907,81909,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,81908,34728],{"class":383},[84,81910,81911],{"class":34731}," add",[84,81913,103],{"class":102},[84,81915,419],{"class":37532},[84,81917,282],{"class":102},[84,81919,2441],{"class":37532},[84,81921,485],{"class":102},[84,81923,81924,81926,81928,81930],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,81925,34739],{"class":470},[84,81927,44417],{"class":90},[84,81929,1943],{"class":94},[84,81931,36057],{"class":90},[84,81933,81934],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,81935,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81937,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,81939,91],{"class":90},[84,81941,95],{"class":94},[84,81943,3498],{"class":102},[84,81945,838],{"class":106},[84,81947,282],{"class":102},[84,81949,304],{"class":106},[84,81951,282],{"class":102},[84,81953,309],{"class":106},[84,81955,317],{"class":102},[84,81957,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81969,81971,81973],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,81959,2110],{"class":90},[84,81961,95],{"class":94},[84,81963,79885],{"class":98},[84,81965,103],{"class":102},[84,81967,81968],{"class":121},"add",[84,81970,282],{"class":102},[84,81972,4137],{"class":121},[84,81974,110],{"class":102},[84,81976,81977],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,81978,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,81980,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,81982,116],{"class":98},[84,81984,103],{"class":102},[84,81986,140],{"class":139},[84,81988,103],{"class":102},[84,81990,2145],{"class":121},[84,81992,232],{"class":102},[24,81994,16538],{},[75,81996,81998],{"className":77,"code":81997,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81999,82000,82016,82026,82030,82050,82070,82092,82096],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82001,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82003,34728],{"class":383},[84,82005,81911],{"class":34731},[84,82007,103],{"class":102},[84,82009,419],{"class":37532},[84,82011,282],{"class":102},[84,82013,2441],{"class":37532},[84,82015,485],{"class":102},[84,82017,82018,82020,82022,82024],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82019,34739],{"class":470},[84,82021,44417],{"class":90},[84,82023,1943],{"class":94},[84,82025,36057],{"class":90},[84,82027,82028],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,82029,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,82031,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,82033,80520],{"class":90},[84,82035,95],{"class":94},[84,82037,3498],{"class":102},[84,82039,838],{"class":106},[84,82041,282],{"class":102},[84,82043,304],{"class":106},[84,82045,282],{"class":102},[84,82047,309],{"class":106},[84,82049,317],{"class":102},[84,82051,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,82053,80541],{"class":90},[84,82055,95],{"class":94},[84,82057,3498],{"class":102},[84,82059,2212],{"class":106},[84,82061,282],{"class":102},[84,82063,7667],{"class":106},[84,82065,282],{"class":102},[84,82067,7672],{"class":106},[84,82069,317],{"class":102},[84,82071,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,82073,2110],{"class":90},[84,82075,95],{"class":94},[84,82077,79885],{"class":98},[84,82079,103],{"class":102},[84,82081,81968],{"class":121},[84,82083,282],{"class":102},[84,82085,80579],{"class":121},[84,82087,282],{"class":102},[84,82089,80584],{"class":121},[84,82091,110],{"class":102},[84,82093,82094],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,82095,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,82097,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,82099,116],{"class":98},[84,82101,103],{"class":102},[84,82103,140],{"class":139},[84,82105,103],{"class":102},[84,82107,2145],{"class":121},[84,82109,232],{"class":102},[1667,82111,82113],{"id":82112},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[24,82115,16526],{},[75,82117,82118],{"className":77,"code":81120,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,82119,82120,82140,82158,82162,82176],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82121,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134,82136,82138],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82123,91],{"class":90},[84,82125,95],{"class":94},[84,82127,3498],{"class":102},[84,82129,838],{"class":106},[84,82131,282],{"class":102},[84,82133,304],{"class":106},[84,82135,282],{"class":102},[84,82137,309],{"class":106},[84,82139,317],{"class":102},[84,82141,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82143,2110],{"class":90},[84,82145,95],{"class":94},[84,82147,79885],{"class":98},[84,82149,103],{"class":102},[84,82151,3321],{"class":139},[84,82153,282],{"class":102},[84,82155,4137],{"class":121},[84,82157,110],{"class":102},[84,82159,82160],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,82161,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,82163,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,82165,116],{"class":98},[84,82167,103],{"class":102},[84,82169,140],{"class":139},[84,82171,103],{"class":102},[84,82173,2145],{"class":121},[84,82175,232],{"class":102},[84,82177,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,82179,116],{"class":98},[84,82181,103],{"class":102},[84,82183,140],{"class":139},[84,82185,103],{"class":102},[84,82187,2145],{"class":121},[84,82189,232],{"class":102},[24,82191,82192],{},"The second result is empty.",[24,82194,82195],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[70,82197,67759],{"id":67758},[24,82199,8753,82200,82202],{},[15,82201,39587],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[75,82204,82206],{"className":77,"code":82205,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82207,82208,82218,82232,82246,82258],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82209,82210,82212,82214,82216],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82211,116],{"class":98},[84,82213,103],{"class":102},[84,82215,2145],{"class":121},[84,82217,110],{"class":102},[84,82219,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82221,116],{"class":98},[84,82223,103],{"class":102},[84,82225,140],{"class":139},[84,82227,103],{"class":102},[84,82229,2145],{"class":121},[84,82231,232],{"class":102},[84,82233,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,82235,116],{"class":98},[84,82237,103],{"class":102},[84,82239,334],{"class":139},[84,82241,103],{"class":102},[84,82243,2145],{"class":121},[84,82245,232],{"class":102},[84,82247,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,82249,440],{"class":470},[84,82251,5834],{"class":90},[84,82253,476],{"class":470},[84,82255,81079],{"class":90},[84,82257,6266],{"class":102},[84,82259,82260,82262,82264,82266],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,82261,490],{"class":98},[84,82263,103],{"class":102},[84,82265,23191],{"class":121},[84,82267,110],{"class":102},[24,82269,12554],{},[33,82271,82272,82277,82282,82288],{},[36,82273,82274,82276],{},[15,82275,32904],{}," shows that you have a map object",[36,82278,82279,82281],{},[15,82280,32912],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[36,82283,82284,82287],{},[15,82285,82286],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[36,82289,82290,82291,82293],{},"looping over ",[15,82292,2145],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[24,82295,82296,82297,82300,82301,82303],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82298,82299],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82302,440],{}," loop consume the map object.",[70,82305,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,82307,12586,82309,82311],{"id":82308},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82310,39587],{}," return a list in Python?",[24,82313,82314,82315,82317,82318,23818],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82316,39587],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82319,82320],{},"list(map(...))",[1667,82322,1670,82324,82326,82327,82329],{"id":82323},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82325,39587],{}," better than a ",[15,82328,440],{}," loop?",[24,82331,82332,82333,82335,82336,82338],{},"Not always. ",[15,82334,39587],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82337,440],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1667,82340,5043,82342,82344],{"id":82341},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82343,39587],{}," use more than one list?",[24,82346,82347],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1667,82349,82351],{"id":82350},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[24,82353,82354],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[70,82356,1777],{"id":1776},[33,82358,82359,82365,82371,82375,82379],{},[36,82360,82361],{},[419,82362,13,82363,424],{"href":39956},[15,82364,37447],{},[36,82366,82367],{},[419,82368,13,82369,424],{"href":785},[15,82370,788],{},[36,82372,82373],{},[419,82374,5095],{"href":5005},[36,82376,82377],{},[419,82378,5100],{"href":4266},[36,82380,82381],{},[419,82382,5090],{"href":5009},[1814,82384,82385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":82387},[82388,82389,82391,82392,82393,82395,82400,82407,82409,82416,82417,82426],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":79964,"depth":113,"text":82390},"What map() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":80283,"depth":113,"text":82394},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80466,"depth":113,"text":82396,"children":82397},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82398],{"id":80654,"depth":132,"text":82399},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80811,"depth":113,"text":82401,"children":82402},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82403,82405,82406],{"id":80829,"depth":132,"text":82404},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81020,"depth":132,"text":81021},{"id":81113,"depth":132,"text":81114},{"id":81374,"depth":113,"text":82408},"When to use map()",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":82410},[82411,82413,82414,82415],{"id":81683,"depth":132,"text":82412},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81772,"depth":132,"text":81773},{"id":81893,"depth":132,"text":81894},{"id":82112,"depth":132,"text":82113},{"id":67758,"depth":113,"text":67759},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":82418},[82419,82421,82423,82425],{"id":82308,"depth":132,"text":82420},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82323,"depth":132,"text":82422},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82341,"depth":132,"text":82424},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82350,"depth":132,"text":82351},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79796,"description":82427},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82434,"title":82435,"body":82436,"description":84456,"extension":1845,"meta":84457,"navigation":237,"path":84458,"seo":84459,"stem":84460,"__hash__":84461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82437,"toc":84414},[82438,82444,82449,82452,82460,82463,82465,82589,82591,82609,82611,82631,82636,82640,82654,82657,82660,82662,82667,82779,82782,82800,82806,82809,82871,82873,82882,82885,82899,82901,82949,82951,82960,82970,82976,82979,83006,83008,83016,83019,83022,83092,83094,83102,83105,83110,83115,83166,83168,83176,83179,83181,83198,83200,83252,83255,83261,83265,83270,83273,83277,83336,83338,83347,83353,83362,83366,83429,83431,83439,83444,83448,83453,83533,83535,83544,83551,83556,83561,83564,83599,83601,83609,83612,83618,83620,83670,83672,83681,83684,83702,83704,83709,83715,83722,83749,83751,83774,83779,83814,83819,83825,83830,83873,83876,83879,83918,83925,83931,83936,83951,83955,83962,83965,83969,83974,83978,83983,83985,84046,84048,84077,84082,84089,84098,84100,84103,84128,84130,84233,84236,84254,84263,84265,84270,84273,84279,84282,84284,84294,84300,84304,84362,84369,84377,84379,84411],[10,82439,13,82441,3456],{"id":82440},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82442,82443],{},"max()",[24,82445,9001,82446,82448],{},[15,82447,82443],{}," function returns the largest item.",[24,82450,82451],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[33,82453,82454,82457],{},[36,82455,82456],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[36,82458,82459],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[24,82461,82462],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[70,82464,1887],{"id":1886},[75,82466,82468],{"className":77,"code":82467,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82469,82470,82494,82509,82513,82539,82543,82575],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82471,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490,82492],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82473,91],{"class":90},[84,82475,95],{"class":94},[84,82477,3498],{"class":102},[84,82479,1162],{"class":106},[84,82481,282],{"class":102},[84,82483,6232],{"class":106},[84,82485,282],{"class":102},[84,82487,304],{"class":106},[84,82489,282],{"class":102},[84,82491,285],{"class":106},[84,82493,317],{"class":102},[84,82495,82496,82498,82500,82503,82505,82507],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82497,116],{"class":98},[84,82499,103],{"class":102},[84,82501,82502],{"class":98},"max",[84,82504,103],{"class":102},[84,82506,122],{"class":121},[84,82508,232],{"class":102},[84,82510,82511],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,82512,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,82514,82515,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,82516,116],{"class":98},[84,82518,103],{"class":102},[84,82520,82502],{"class":98},[84,82522,103],{"class":102},[84,82524,1162],{"class":106},[84,82526,282],{"class":102},[84,82528,6232],{"class":106},[84,82530,282],{"class":102},[84,82532,304],{"class":106},[84,82534,282],{"class":102},[84,82536,285],{"class":106},[84,82538,232],{"class":102},[84,82540,82541],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,82542,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,82544,82545,82547,82549,82551,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,82546,3943],{"class":90},[84,82548,95],{"class":94},[84,82550,3498],{"class":102},[84,82552,854],{"class":387},[84,82554,3952],{"class":391},[84,82556,854],{"class":387},[84,82558,282],{"class":102},[84,82560,3230],{"class":387},[84,82562,3961],{"class":391},[84,82564,854],{"class":387},[84,82566,282],{"class":102},[84,82568,3230],{"class":387},[84,82570,78607],{"class":391},[84,82572,854],{"class":387},[84,82574,317],{"class":102},[84,82576,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,82578,116],{"class":98},[84,82580,103],{"class":102},[84,82582,82502],{"class":98},[84,82584,103],{"class":102},[84,82586,3987],{"class":121},[84,82588,232],{"class":102},[24,82590,265],{},[75,82592,82594],{"className":77,"code":82593,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82595,82596,82600,82604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82597,82598],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82599,2263],{"class":106},[84,82601,82602],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82603,2263],{"class":106},[84,82605,82606],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,82607,82608],{"class":90},"pear\n",[24,82610,19841],{},[33,82612,82613,82619,82625],{},[36,82614,82615,82618],{},[15,82616,82617],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[36,82620,82621,82624],{},[15,82622,82623],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[36,82626,82627,82630],{},[15,82628,82629],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[70,82632,429,82634,3554],{"id":82633},"what-max-does",[15,82635,82443],{},[24,82637,82638,881],{},[15,82639,82443],{},[33,82641,82642,82645,82648,82651],{},[36,82643,82644],{},"Returns the largest item",[36,82646,82647],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[36,82649,82650],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[36,82652,82653],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[24,82655,82656],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[24,82658,82659],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[70,82661,2038],{"id":2037},[24,82663,82664,82665,881],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82666,82443],{},[75,82668,82670],{"className":77,"code":82669,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82671,82672,82682,82706,82728,82751],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82673,82674,82676,82678,82680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82675,82502],{"class":98},[84,82677,103],{"class":102},[84,82679,3595],{"class":121},[84,82681,110],{"class":102},[84,82683,82684,82686,82688,82690,82692,82695,82697,82699,82701,82704],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82685,82502],{"class":98},[84,82687,103],{"class":102},[84,82689,3595],{"class":121},[84,82691,282],{"class":102},[84,82693,82694],{"class":94}," *",[84,82696,282],{"class":102},[84,82698,21462],{"class":9054},[84,82700,95],{"class":94},[84,82702,82703],{"class":121},"func",[84,82705,110],{"class":102},[84,82707,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,82709,82502],{"class":98},[84,82711,103],{"class":102},[84,82713,3595],{"class":121},[84,82715,282],{"class":102},[84,82717,82694],{"class":94},[84,82719,282],{"class":102},[84,82721,26399],{"class":9054},[84,82723,95],{"class":94},[84,82725,2354],{"class":121},[84,82727,110],{"class":102},[84,82729,82730,82732,82734,82737,82739,82742,82744,82746,82749],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,82731,82502],{"class":98},[84,82733,103],{"class":102},[84,82735,82736],{"class":121},"arg1",[84,82738,282],{"class":102},[84,82740,82741],{"class":121}," arg2",[84,82743,282],{"class":102},[84,82745,82694],{"class":94},[84,82747,82748],{"class":121},"args",[84,82750,110],{"class":102},[84,82752,82753,82755,82757,82759,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,82754,82502],{"class":98},[84,82756,103],{"class":102},[84,82758,82736],{"class":121},[84,82760,282],{"class":102},[84,82762,82741],{"class":121},[84,82764,282],{"class":102},[84,82766,82694],{"class":94},[84,82768,82748],{"class":121},[84,82770,282],{"class":102},[84,82772,21462],{"class":9054},[84,82774,95],{"class":94},[84,82776,82703],{"class":121},[84,82778,110],{"class":102},[24,82780,82781],{},"The most important parts are:",[33,82783,82784,82789,82794],{},[36,82785,82786,82788],{},[15,82787,3595],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[36,82790,82791,82793],{},[15,82792,14725],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[36,82795,82796,82799],{},[15,82797,82798],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[70,82801,1442,82803,82805],{"id":82802},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82804,82443],{}," with a list of numbers",[24,82807,82808],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[75,82810,82812],{"className":77,"code":82811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82813,82814,82840,82856,82860],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82815,82816,82818,82820,82822,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82838],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82817,4937],{"class":90},[84,82819,95],{"class":94},[84,82821,3498],{"class":102},[84,82823,82824],{"class":106},"72",[84,82826,282],{"class":102},[84,82828,51379],{"class":106},[84,82830,282],{"class":102},[84,82832,13391],{"class":106},[84,82834,282],{"class":102},[84,82836,82837],{"class":106}," 66",[84,82839,317],{"class":102},[84,82841,82842,82845,82847,82850,82852,82854],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82843,82844],{"class":90},"highest_score ",[84,82846,95],{"class":94},[84,82848,82849],{"class":98}," max",[84,82851,103],{"class":102},[84,82853,16271],{"class":121},[84,82855,110],{"class":102},[84,82857,82858],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,82859,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,82861,82862,82864,82866,82869],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,82863,116],{"class":98},[84,82865,103],{"class":102},[84,82867,82868],{"class":121},"highest_score",[84,82870,110],{"class":102},[24,82872,265],{},[75,82874,82876],{"className":77,"code":82875,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"91\n",[15,82877,82878],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82879,82880],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82881,82875],{"class":106},[24,82883,82884],{},"This works well for:",[33,82886,82887,82890,82893,82896],{},[36,82888,82889],{},"Scores",[36,82891,82892],{},"Prices",[36,82894,82895],{},"Ages",[36,82897,82898],{},"Counts",[24,82900,51949],{},[75,82902,82904],{"className":77,"code":82903,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82905,82906,82934],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82907,82908,82911,82913,82915,82917,82919,82922,82924,82927,82929,82932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82909,82910],{"class":90},"prices ",[84,82912,95],{"class":94},[84,82914,3498],{"class":102},[84,82916,40269],{"class":106},[84,82918,282],{"class":102},[84,82920,82921],{"class":106}," 5.50",[84,82923,282],{"class":102},[84,82925,82926],{"class":106}," 12.75",[84,82928,282],{"class":102},[84,82930,82931],{"class":106}," 29.00",[84,82933,317],{"class":102},[84,82935,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944,82947],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,82937,116],{"class":98},[84,82939,103],{"class":102},[84,82941,82502],{"class":98},[84,82943,103],{"class":102},[84,82945,82946],{"class":121},"prices",[84,82948,232],{"class":102},[24,82950,265],{},[75,82952,82954],{"className":77,"code":82953,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"29.0\n",[15,82955,82956],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82957,82958],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82959,82953],{"class":106},[24,82961,82962,82963,82965,82966,425],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82964,82443],{}," is simpler than ",[419,82967,82968],{"href":74384},[15,82969,74287],{},[70,82971,1442,82973,82975],{"id":82972},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82974,82443],{}," with separate values",[24,82977,82978],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[75,82980,82982],{"className":77,"code":82981,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82983,82984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,82985,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,82987,116],{"class":98},[84,82989,103],{"class":102},[84,82991,82502],{"class":98},[84,82993,103],{"class":102},[84,82995,2386],{"class":106},[84,82997,282],{"class":102},[84,82999,30819],{"class":106},[84,83001,282],{"class":102},[84,83003,5867],{"class":106},[84,83005,232],{"class":102},[24,83007,265],{},[75,83009,83010],{"className":77,"code":2105,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83011,83012],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83013,83014],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83015,2105],{"class":106},[24,83017,83018],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[24,83020,83021],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[75,83023,83025],{"className":77,"code":83024,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83026,83027,83036,83044,83054,83058,83081],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83028,83029,83031,83033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83030,2436],{"class":90},[84,83032,95],{"class":94},[84,83034,83035],{"class":106}," 15\n",[84,83037,83038,83040,83042],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83039,2463],{"class":90},[84,83041,95],{"class":94},[84,83043,2650],{"class":106},[84,83045,83046,83049,83051],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,83047,83048],{"class":90},"c ",[84,83050,95],{"class":94},[84,83052,83053],{"class":106}," 27\n",[84,83055,83056],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,83057,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,83059,83060,83063,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075,83077,83079],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,83061,83062],{"class":90},"largest ",[84,83064,95],{"class":94},[84,83066,82849],{"class":98},[84,83068,103],{"class":102},[84,83070,419],{"class":121},[84,83072,282],{"class":102},[84,83074,2441],{"class":121},[84,83076,282],{"class":102},[84,83078,9561],{"class":121},[84,83080,110],{"class":102},[84,83082,83083,83085,83087,83090],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,83084,116],{"class":98},[84,83086,103],{"class":102},[84,83088,83089],{"class":121},"largest",[84,83091,110],{"class":102},[24,83093,265],{},[75,83095,83096],{"className":77,"code":46483,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83097,83098],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83099,83100],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83101,46483],{"class":106},[24,83103,83104],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[70,83106,1442,83108,46928],{"id":83107},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83109,82443],{},[24,83111,83112,83114],{},[15,83113,82443],{}," can compare strings too.",[75,83116,83118],{"className":77,"code":83117,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83119,83120,83152],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83121,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83123,3943],{"class":90},[84,83125,95],{"class":94},[84,83127,3498],{"class":102},[84,83129,854],{"class":387},[84,83131,3952],{"class":391},[84,83133,854],{"class":387},[84,83135,282],{"class":102},[84,83137,3230],{"class":387},[84,83139,3961],{"class":391},[84,83141,854],{"class":387},[84,83143,282],{"class":102},[84,83145,3230],{"class":387},[84,83147,78607],{"class":391},[84,83149,854],{"class":387},[84,83151,317],{"class":102},[84,83153,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83155,116],{"class":98},[84,83157,103],{"class":102},[84,83159,82502],{"class":98},[84,83161,103],{"class":102},[84,83163,3987],{"class":121},[84,83165,232],{"class":102},[24,83167,265],{},[75,83169,83170],{"className":77,"code":82608,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83171,83172],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83173,83174],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83175,82608],{"class":90},[24,83177,83178],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[24,83180,68147],{},[33,83182,83183,83192,83195],{},[36,83184,83185,83188,83189,83191],{},[15,83186,83187],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83190,65138],{}," alphabetically",[36,83193,83194],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[36,83196,83197],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[24,83199,190],{},[75,83201,83203],{"className":77,"code":83202,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83204,83205,83238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83206,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83208,3943],{"class":90},[84,83210,95],{"class":94},[84,83212,3498],{"class":102},[84,83214,854],{"class":387},[84,83216,3952],{"class":391},[84,83218,854],{"class":387},[84,83220,282],{"class":102},[84,83222,3230],{"class":387},[84,83224,83225],{"class":391},"Banana",[84,83227,854],{"class":387},[84,83229,282],{"class":102},[84,83231,3230],{"class":387},[84,83233,78607],{"class":391},[84,83235,854],{"class":387},[84,83237,317],{"class":102},[84,83239,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83241,116],{"class":98},[84,83243,103],{"class":102},[84,83245,82502],{"class":98},[84,83247,103],{"class":102},[84,83249,3987],{"class":121},[84,83251,232],{"class":102},[24,83253,83254],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[24,83256,83257,83258,83260],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83259,14725],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[70,83262,36484,83263,36487],{"id":78565},[15,83264,14725],{},[24,83266,1862,83267,83269],{},[15,83268,14725],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[24,83271,83272],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1667,83274,83276],{"id":83275},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[75,83278,83280],{"className":77,"code":83279,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83281,83282,83314],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83283,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83285,3943],{"class":90},[84,83287,95],{"class":94},[84,83289,3498],{"class":102},[84,83291,854],{"class":387},[84,83293,36919],{"class":391},[84,83295,854],{"class":387},[84,83297,282],{"class":102},[84,83299,3230],{"class":387},[84,83301,68190],{"class":391},[84,83303,854],{"class":387},[84,83305,282],{"class":102},[84,83307,3230],{"class":387},[84,83309,57995],{"class":391},[84,83311,854],{"class":387},[84,83313,317],{"class":102},[84,83315,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83317,116],{"class":98},[84,83319,103],{"class":102},[84,83321,82502],{"class":98},[84,83323,103],{"class":102},[84,83325,3987],{"class":121},[84,83327,282],{"class":102},[84,83329,21462],{"class":9054},[84,83331,95],{"class":94},[84,83333,602],{"class":98},[84,83335,232],{"class":102},[24,83337,265],{},[75,83339,83341],{"className":77,"code":83340,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"elephant\n",[15,83342,83343],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83344,83345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83346,83340],{"class":90},[24,83348,532,83349,83352],{},[15,83350,83351],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[24,83354,83355,83356,33506,83358,425],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83357,1085],{},[419,83359,83360,5657],{"href":42230},[15,83361,1085],{},[1667,83363,83365],{"id":83364},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[75,83367,83369],{"className":77,"code":83368,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83370,83371,83403],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83372,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83374,3943],{"class":90},[84,83376,95],{"class":94},[84,83378,3498],{"class":102},[84,83380,854],{"class":387},[84,83382,3952],{"class":391},[84,83384,854],{"class":387},[84,83386,282],{"class":102},[84,83388,3230],{"class":387},[84,83390,83225],{"class":391},[84,83392,854],{"class":387},[84,83394,282],{"class":102},[84,83396,3230],{"class":387},[84,83398,78607],{"class":391},[84,83400,854],{"class":387},[84,83402,317],{"class":102},[84,83404,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83406,116],{"class":98},[84,83408,103],{"class":102},[84,83410,82502],{"class":98},[84,83412,103],{"class":102},[84,83414,3987],{"class":121},[84,83416,282],{"class":102},[84,83418,21462],{"class":9054},[84,83420,95],{"class":94},[84,83422,3321],{"class":139},[84,83424,425],{"class":102},[84,83426,8517],{"class":24629},[84,83428,232],{"class":102},[24,83430,265],{},[75,83432,83433],{"className":77,"code":82608,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83434,83435],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83436,83437],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83438,82608],{"class":90},[24,83440,532,83441,83443],{},[15,83442,78561],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1667,83445,83447],{"id":83446},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[24,83449,83450,83451,881],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83452,37529],{},[75,83454,83456],{"className":77,"code":83455,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83457,83458,83501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83459,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474,83476,83479,83481,83483,83485,83488,83490,83492,83494,83497,83499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83461,7656],{"class":90},[84,83463,95],{"class":94},[84,83465,3498],{"class":102},[84,83467,854],{"class":387},[84,83469,419],{"class":391},[84,83471,854],{"class":387},[84,83473,282],{"class":102},[84,83475,3230],{"class":387},[84,83477,83478],{"class":391},"bb",[84,83480,854],{"class":387},[84,83482,282],{"class":102},[84,83484,3230],{"class":387},[84,83486,83487],{"class":391},"cccc",[84,83489,854],{"class":387},[84,83491,282],{"class":102},[84,83493,3230],{"class":387},[84,83495,83496],{"class":391},"ddd",[84,83498,854],{"class":387},[84,83500,317],{"class":102},[84,83502,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83504,116],{"class":98},[84,83506,103],{"class":102},[84,83508,82502],{"class":98},[84,83510,103],{"class":102},[84,83512,7687],{"class":121},[84,83514,282],{"class":102},[84,83516,21462],{"class":9054},[84,83518,95],{"class":94},[84,83520,37529],{"class":383},[84,83522,42713],{"class":37532},[84,83524,881],{"class":102},[84,83526,38256],{"class":98},[84,83528,103],{"class":102},[84,83530,34586],{"class":121},[84,83532,345],{"class":102},[24,83534,265],{},[75,83536,83538],{"className":77,"code":83537,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cccc\n",[15,83539,83540],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83541,83542],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83543,83537],{"class":90},[24,83545,49418,83546,28,83548,83550],{},[15,83547,83351],{},[15,83549,78448],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[70,83552,36484,83554,36487],{"id":83553},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83555,82798],{},[24,83557,1862,83558,83560],{},[15,83559,82798],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[24,83562,83563],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[75,83565,83567],{"className":77,"code":83566,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83568,83569,83577],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83570,83571,83573,83575],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83572,91],{"class":90},[84,83574,95],{"class":94},[84,83576,7716],{"class":102},[84,83578,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83580,116],{"class":98},[84,83582,103],{"class":102},[84,83584,82502],{"class":98},[84,83586,103],{"class":102},[84,83588,122],{"class":121},[84,83590,282],{"class":102},[84,83592,26399],{"class":9054},[84,83594,95],{"class":94},[84,83596,279],{"class":106},[84,83598,232],{"class":102},[24,83600,265],{},[75,83602,83603],{"className":77,"code":509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83604,83605],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83606,83607],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83608,509],{"class":106},[24,83610,83611],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[24,83613,83614,83615,83617],{},"Without ",[15,83616,82798],{},", this would raise an error.",[24,83619,51949],{},[75,83621,83623],{"className":77,"code":83622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83624,83625,83633,83660],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83626,83627,83629,83631],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83628,3943],{"class":90},[84,83630,95],{"class":94},[84,83632,7716],{"class":102},[84,83634,83635,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83656,83658],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83636,2110],{"class":90},[84,83638,95],{"class":94},[84,83640,82849],{"class":98},[84,83642,103],{"class":102},[84,83644,3987],{"class":121},[84,83646,282],{"class":102},[84,83648,26399],{"class":9054},[84,83650,95],{"class":94},[84,83652,854],{"class":387},[84,83654,83655],{"class":391},"no words found",[84,83657,854],{"class":387},[84,83659,110],{"class":102},[84,83661,83662,83664,83666,83668],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,83663,116],{"class":98},[84,83665,103],{"class":102},[84,83667,2145],{"class":121},[84,83669,110],{"class":102},[24,83671,265],{},[75,83673,83675],{"className":77,"code":83674,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"no words found\n",[15,83676,83677],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83678,83679],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83680,83674],{"class":90},[24,83682,83683],{},"Important:",[33,83685,83686,83694],{},[36,83687,83688,83690,83691],{},[15,83689,82798],{}," works with ",[15,83692,83693],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[36,83695,40777,83696,83698,83699],{},[42,83697,1367],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83700,83701],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[70,83703,47855],{"id":47854},[24,83705,83706,83707,425],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83708,82443],{},[1667,83710,83712,83714],{"id":83711},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83713,40575],{}," with an empty iterable",[24,83716,83717,83718,45780,83720,425],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83719,82798],{},[15,83721,40575],{},[75,83723,83725],{"className":77,"code":83724,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83726,83727,83735],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83728,83729,83731,83733],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83730,91],{"class":90},[84,83732,95],{"class":94},[84,83734,7716],{"class":102},[84,83736,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83738,116],{"class":98},[84,83740,103],{"class":102},[84,83742,82502],{"class":98},[84,83744,103],{"class":102},[84,83746,122],{"class":121},[84,83748,232],{"class":102},[24,83750,29557],{},[75,83752,83754],{"className":77,"code":83753,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83755,83756],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83757,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83769,83771],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83759,40575],{"class":139},[84,83761,881],{"class":102},[84,83763,82849],{"class":98},[84,83765,7241],{"class":102},[84,83767,83768],{"class":90}," arg ",[84,83770,12075],{"class":94},[84,83772,83773],{"class":90}," an empty sequence\n",[24,83775,83776,83777,881],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83778,82798],{},[75,83780,83782],{"className":77,"code":83781,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83783,83784,83792],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83785,83786,83788,83790],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83787,91],{"class":90},[84,83789,95],{"class":94},[84,83791,7716],{"class":102},[84,83793,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83795,116],{"class":98},[84,83797,103],{"class":102},[84,83799,82502],{"class":98},[84,83801,103],{"class":102},[84,83803,122],{"class":121},[84,83805,282],{"class":102},[84,83807,26399],{"class":9054},[84,83809,95],{"class":94},[84,83811,3653],{"class":659},[84,83813,232],{"class":102},[24,83815,83816,83817,425],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[419,83818,65703],{"href":72741},[1667,83820,83822,83824],{"id":83821},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83823,2884],{}," when items cannot be compared",[24,83826,83827,83828,425],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83829,2884],{},[75,83831,83833],{"className":77,"code":83832,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83834,83835,83859],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83836,83837,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83838,7656],{"class":90},[84,83840,95],{"class":94},[84,83842,3498],{"class":102},[84,83844,2212],{"class":106},[84,83846,282],{"class":102},[84,83848,3230],{"class":387},[84,83850,15636],{"class":391},[84,83852,854],{"class":387},[84,83854,282],{"class":102},[84,83856,7672],{"class":106},[84,83858,317],{"class":102},[84,83860,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83862,116],{"class":98},[84,83864,103],{"class":102},[84,83866,82502],{"class":98},[84,83868,103],{"class":102},[84,83870,7687],{"class":121},[84,83872,232],{"class":102},[24,83874,83875],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[24,83877,83878],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[75,83880,83882],{"className":77,"code":83881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83883,83884,83904],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83885,83886,83888,83890,83892,83894,83896,83898,83900,83902],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83887,7656],{"class":90},[84,83889,95],{"class":94},[84,83891,3498],{"class":102},[84,83893,2212],{"class":106},[84,83895,282],{"class":102},[84,83897,7667],{"class":106},[84,83899,282],{"class":102},[84,83901,7672],{"class":106},[84,83903,317],{"class":102},[84,83905,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,83907,116],{"class":98},[84,83909,103],{"class":102},[84,83911,82502],{"class":98},[84,83913,103],{"class":102},[84,83915,7687],{"class":121},[84,83917,232],{"class":102},[24,83919,83920,83921,425],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[419,83922,83924],{"href":83923},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1667,83926,83928,83930],{"id":83927},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83929,2884],{}," when called with no arguments",[24,83932,83933,83935],{},[15,83934,82443],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[75,83937,83939],{"className":77,"code":83938,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(max())\n",[15,83940,83941],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83942,83943,83945,83947,83949],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83944,116],{"class":98},[84,83946,103],{"class":102},[84,83948,82502],{"class":98},[84,83950,7069],{"class":102},[24,83952,2881,83953,425],{},[15,83954,2884],{},[70,83956,83958,18,83960],{"id":83957},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83959,82443],{},[15,83961,74287],{},[24,83963,83964],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[24,83966,83967,881],{},[15,83968,82443],{},[33,83970,83971],{},[36,83972,83973],{},"Returns one largest item",[24,83975,83976,881],{},[15,83977,74287],{},[33,83979,83980],{},[36,83981,83982],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[24,83984,190],{},[75,83986,83988],{"className":77,"code":83987,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83989,83990,84014,84018,84032],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83991,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008,84010,84012],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83993,91],{"class":90},[84,83995,95],{"class":94},[84,83997,3498],{"class":102},[84,83999,1162],{"class":106},[84,84001,282],{"class":102},[84,84003,6232],{"class":106},[84,84005,282],{"class":102},[84,84007,304],{"class":106},[84,84009,282],{"class":102},[84,84011,285],{"class":106},[84,84013,317],{"class":102},[84,84015,84016],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84017,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,84019,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,84021,116],{"class":98},[84,84023,103],{"class":102},[84,84025,82502],{"class":98},[84,84027,103],{"class":102},[84,84029,122],{"class":121},[84,84031,232],{"class":102},[84,84033,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,84035,116],{"class":98},[84,84037,103],{"class":102},[84,84039,74377],{"class":98},[84,84041,103],{"class":102},[84,84043,122],{"class":121},[84,84045,232],{"class":102},[24,84047,265],{},[75,84049,84051],{"className":77,"code":84050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84052,84053,84057],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84054,84055],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84056,2263],{"class":106},[84,84058,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84060,292],{"class":102},[84,84062,568],{"class":106},[84,84064,282],{"class":102},[84,84066,309],{"class":106},[84,84068,282],{"class":102},[84,84070,285],{"class":106},[84,84072,282],{"class":102},[84,84074,6232],{"class":106},[84,84076,317],{"class":102},[24,84078,153,84079,84081],{},[15,84080,82443],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[24,84083,153,84084,84088],{},[419,84085,84086],{"href":74384},[15,84087,74287],{}," when you need all items in order.",[24,84090,84091,84092,425],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[419,84093,84095],{"href":84094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84096,84097],{},"min()",[70,84099,1434],{"id":1433},[24,84101,84102],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[33,84104,84105,84112,84115,84120,84123],{},[36,84106,29526,84107,84109,84110],{},[15,84108,82443],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84111,82798],{},[36,84113,84114],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[36,84116,8329,84117,84119],{},[15,84118,82443],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[36,84121,84122],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[36,84124,1442,84125,84127],{},[15,84126,82798],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[24,84129,10992],{},[75,84131,84133],{"className":77,"code":84132,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84134,84135,84145,84159,84173,84187,84209],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84136,84137,84139,84141,84143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84138,116],{"class":98},[84,84140,103],{"class":102},[84,84142,7687],{"class":121},[84,84144,110],{"class":102},[84,84146,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84148,116],{"class":98},[84,84150,103],{"class":102},[84,84152,334],{"class":139},[84,84154,103],{"class":102},[84,84156,7687],{"class":121},[84,84158,232],{"class":102},[84,84160,84161,84163,84165,84167,84169,84171],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,84162,116],{"class":98},[84,84164,103],{"class":102},[84,84166,602],{"class":98},[84,84168,103],{"class":102},[84,84170,7687],{"class":121},[84,84172,232],{"class":102},[84,84174,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,84176,116],{"class":98},[84,84178,103],{"class":102},[84,84180,82502],{"class":98},[84,84182,103],{"class":102},[84,84184,7687],{"class":121},[84,84186,232],{"class":102},[84,84188,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,84190,116],{"class":98},[84,84192,103],{"class":102},[84,84194,82502],{"class":98},[84,84196,103],{"class":102},[84,84198,7687],{"class":121},[84,84200,282],{"class":102},[84,84202,26399],{"class":9054},[84,84204,95],{"class":94},[84,84206,3653],{"class":659},[84,84208,232],{"class":102},[84,84210,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,84212,116],{"class":98},[84,84214,2865],{"class":102},[84,84216,334],{"class":139},[84,84218,103],{"class":102},[84,84220,2055],{"class":121},[84,84222,125],{"class":102},[84,84224,3752],{"class":470},[84,84226,3755],{"class":121},[84,84228,476],{"class":470},[84,84230,5839],{"class":121},[84,84232,741],{"class":102},[24,84234,84235],{},"These are useful for checking:",[33,84237,84238,84243,84248,84251],{},[36,84239,84240,84241],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84242,7687],{},[36,84244,79614,84245,84247],{},[15,84246,7687],{}," is a list or some other type",[36,84249,84250],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[36,84252,84253],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[24,84255,69211,84256,84259,84260,84262],{},[15,84257,84258],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84261,7687],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[70,84264,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,84266,5016,84268,5019],{"id":84267},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84269,82443],{},[24,84271,84272],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1667,84274,5043,84276,84278],{"id":84275},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84277,82443],{}," work with strings?",[24,84280,84281],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1667,84283,71509],{"id":71508},[24,84285,84286,52364,84288,84290,84291,84293],{},[15,84287,82443],{},[15,84289,40575],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84292,82798],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1667,84295,84297,84298,1689],{"id":84296},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84299,82443],{},[24,84301,153,84302,881],{},[15,84303,83351],{},[75,84305,84306],{"className":77,"code":83279,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,84307,84308,84340],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84309,84310,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84311,3943],{"class":90},[84,84313,95],{"class":94},[84,84315,3498],{"class":102},[84,84317,854],{"class":387},[84,84319,36919],{"class":391},[84,84321,854],{"class":387},[84,84323,282],{"class":102},[84,84325,3230],{"class":387},[84,84327,68190],{"class":391},[84,84329,854],{"class":387},[84,84331,282],{"class":102},[84,84333,3230],{"class":387},[84,84335,57995],{"class":391},[84,84337,854],{"class":387},[84,84339,317],{"class":102},[84,84341,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84343,116],{"class":98},[84,84345,103],{"class":102},[84,84347,82502],{"class":98},[84,84349,103],{"class":102},[84,84351,3987],{"class":121},[84,84353,282],{"class":102},[84,84355,21462],{"class":9054},[84,84357,95],{"class":94},[84,84359,602],{"class":98},[84,84361,232],{"class":102},[1667,84363,5053,84365,28,84367,1689],{"id":84364},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84366,82443],{},[15,84368,74287],{},[24,84370,84371,84373,84374,84376],{},[15,84372,82443],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84375,74287],{}," returns all items in order.",[70,84378,1777],{"id":1776},[33,84380,84381,84387,84393,84399,84403,84407],{},[36,84382,84383],{},[419,84384,84385,424],{"href":84094},[15,84386,84097],{},[36,84388,84389],{},[419,84390,84391,424],{"href":74384},[15,84392,74287],{},[36,84394,84395],{},[419,84396,84397,424],{"href":42230},[15,84398,1085],{},[36,84400,84401],{},[419,84402,58824],{"href":58823},[36,84404,84405],{},[419,84406,65703],{"href":72741},[36,84408,84409],{},[419,84410,83924],{"href":83923},[1814,84412,84413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":84415},[84416,84417,84419,84420,84422,84424,84426,84431,84433,84441,84443,84444,84455],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":82633,"depth":113,"text":84418},"What max() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":82802,"depth":113,"text":84421},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82972,"depth":113,"text":84423},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83107,"depth":113,"text":84425},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78565,"depth":113,"text":79763,"children":84427},[84428,84429,84430],{"id":83275,"depth":132,"text":83276},{"id":83364,"depth":132,"text":83365},{"id":83446,"depth":132,"text":83447},{"id":83553,"depth":113,"text":84432},"Using the default argument",{"id":47854,"depth":113,"text":47855,"children":84434},[84435,84437,84439],{"id":83711,"depth":132,"text":84436},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83821,"depth":132,"text":84438},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83927,"depth":132,"text":84440},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83957,"depth":113,"text":84442},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":84445},[84446,84448,84450,84451,84453],{"id":84267,"depth":132,"text":84447},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84275,"depth":132,"text":84449},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71508,"depth":132,"text":71509},{"id":84296,"depth":132,"text":84452},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84364,"depth":132,"text":84454},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82435,"description":84456},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84463,"title":84464,"body":84465,"description":86419,"extension":1845,"meta":86420,"navigation":237,"path":86421,"seo":86422,"stem":86423,"__hash__":86424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84466,"toc":86376},[84467,84472,84477,84483,84485,84559,84561,84574,84579,84584,84600,84604,84609,84685,84691,84694,84737,84739,84747,84753,84756,84787,84789,84797,84803,84808,84867,84869,84878,84881,84891,84897,84902,84937,84939,84947,84953,84959,84964,85008,85010,85019,85022,85062,85064,85073,85076,85088,85093,85098,85149,85151,85160,85163,85214,85216,85225,85228,85235,85241,85246,85248,85263,85267,85327,85329,85338,85342,85514,85516,85553,85560,85566,85569,85596,85598,85619,85624,85659,85661,85669,85672,85675,85691,85696,85698,85702,85708,85712,85739,85742,85752,85792,85796,85799,85842,85844,85853,85856,85861,85930,85932,85940,85945,85949,85952,86003,86005,86013,86016,86079,86081,86089,86092,86097,86101,86114,86121,86129,86131,86133,86163,86169,86270,86280,86282,86287,86290,86295,86298,86300,86308,86316,86324,86331,86339,86341,86373],[10,84468,13,84470,3456],{"id":84469},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84471,84097],{},[24,84473,84474,84476],{},[15,84475,84097],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[24,84478,84479,84480,84482],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84481,84097],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[70,84484,1887],{"id":1886},[75,84486,84488],{"className":77,"code":84487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84489,84490,84514,84529,84533],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84491,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84493,91],{"class":90},[84,84495,95],{"class":94},[84,84497,3498],{"class":102},[84,84499,107],{"class":106},[84,84501,282],{"class":102},[84,84503,304],{"class":106},[84,84505,282],{"class":102},[84,84507,54004],{"class":106},[84,84509,282],{"class":102},[84,84511,299],{"class":106},[84,84513,317],{"class":102},[84,84515,84516,84518,84520,84523,84525,84527],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84517,116],{"class":98},[84,84519,103],{"class":102},[84,84521,84522],{"class":98},"min",[84,84524,103],{"class":102},[84,84526,122],{"class":121},[84,84528,232],{"class":102},[84,84530,84531],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,84532,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,84534,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,84536,116],{"class":98},[84,84538,103],{"class":102},[84,84540,84522],{"class":98},[84,84542,103],{"class":102},[84,84544,107],{"class":106},[84,84546,282],{"class":102},[84,84548,304],{"class":106},[84,84550,282],{"class":102},[84,84552,54004],{"class":106},[84,84554,282],{"class":102},[84,84556,299],{"class":106},[84,84558,232],{"class":102},[24,84560,265],{},[75,84562,84564],{"className":77,"code":84563,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n1\n",[15,84565,84566,84570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84567,84568],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84569,514],{"class":106},[84,84571,84572],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84573,514],{"class":106},[24,84575,153,84576,84578],{},[15,84577,84097],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[70,84580,429,84582,3554],{"id":84581},"what-min-does",[15,84583,84097],{},[33,84585,84586,84591,84594,84597],{},[36,84587,84588,84590],{},[15,84589,84097],{}," returns the smallest item",[36,84592,84593],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[36,84595,84596],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[36,84598,84599],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[70,84601,84603],{"id":84602},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[24,84605,84606,84607,881],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84608,84097],{},[75,84610,84612],{"className":77,"code":84611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84613,84614,84624,84649,84667],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84615,84616,84618,84620,84622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84617,84522],{"class":98},[84,84619,103],{"class":102},[84,84621,3595],{"class":121},[84,84623,110],{"class":102},[84,84625,84626,84628,84630,84633,84635,84638,84640,84643,84645,84647],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84627,84522],{"class":98},[84,84629,103],{"class":102},[84,84631,84632],{"class":121},"value1",[84,84634,282],{"class":102},[84,84636,84637],{"class":121}," value2",[84,84639,282],{"class":102},[84,84641,84642],{"class":121}," value3",[84,84644,282],{"class":102},[84,84646,34331],{"class":98},[84,84648,110],{"class":102},[84,84650,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,84652,84522],{"class":98},[84,84654,103],{"class":102},[84,84656,3595],{"class":121},[84,84658,282],{"class":102},[84,84660,21462],{"class":9054},[84,84662,95],{"class":94},[84,84664,37243],{"class":98},[84,84666,110],{"class":102},[84,84668,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,84670,84522],{"class":98},[84,84672,103],{"class":102},[84,84674,3595],{"class":121},[84,84676,282],{"class":102},[84,84678,26399],{"class":9054},[84,84680,95],{"class":94},[84,84682,37243],{"class":98},[84,84684,110],{"class":102},[1667,84686,84688],{"id":84687},"miniterable",[15,84689,84690],{},"min(iterable)",[24,84692,84693],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[75,84695,84697],{"className":77,"code":84696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84698,84699,84723],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84700,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84702,91],{"class":90},[84,84704,95],{"class":94},[84,84706,3498],{"class":102},[84,84708,2227],{"class":106},[84,84710,282],{"class":102},[84,84712,309],{"class":106},[84,84714,282],{"class":102},[84,84716,30819],{"class":106},[84,84718,282],{"class":102},[84,84720,299],{"class":106},[84,84722,317],{"class":102},[84,84724,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84726,116],{"class":98},[84,84728,103],{"class":102},[84,84730,84522],{"class":98},[84,84732,103],{"class":102},[84,84734,122],{"class":121},[84,84736,232],{"class":102},[24,84738,265],{},[75,84740,84741],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,84742,84743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84744,84745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84746,514],{"class":106},[1667,84748,84750],{"id":84749},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84751,84752],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[24,84754,84755],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[75,84757,84759],{"className":77,"code":84758,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84760,84761],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84762,84763,84765,84767,84769,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84764,116],{"class":98},[84,84766,103],{"class":102},[84,84768,84522],{"class":98},[84,84770,103],{"class":102},[84,84772,2227],{"class":106},[84,84774,282],{"class":102},[84,84776,309],{"class":106},[84,84778,282],{"class":102},[84,84780,30819],{"class":106},[84,84782,282],{"class":102},[84,84784,299],{"class":106},[84,84786,232],{"class":102},[24,84788,265],{},[75,84790,84791],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,84792,84793],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84794,84795],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84796,514],{"class":106},[1667,84798,84800],{"id":84799},"miniterable-key",[15,84801,84802],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[24,84804,153,84805,84807],{},[15,84806,14725],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[75,84809,84811],{"className":77,"code":84810,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84812,84813,84845],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84814,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84816,3943],{"class":90},[84,84818,95],{"class":94},[84,84820,3498],{"class":102},[84,84822,854],{"class":387},[84,84824,78607],{"class":391},[84,84826,854],{"class":387},[84,84828,282],{"class":102},[84,84830,3230],{"class":387},[84,84832,38211],{"class":391},[84,84834,854],{"class":387},[84,84836,282],{"class":102},[84,84838,3230],{"class":387},[84,84840,3961],{"class":391},[84,84842,854],{"class":387},[84,84844,317],{"class":102},[84,84846,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863,84865],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84848,116],{"class":98},[84,84850,103],{"class":102},[84,84852,84522],{"class":98},[84,84854,103],{"class":102},[84,84856,3987],{"class":121},[84,84858,282],{"class":102},[84,84860,21462],{"class":9054},[84,84862,95],{"class":94},[84,84864,602],{"class":98},[84,84866,232],{"class":102},[24,84868,265],{},[75,84870,84872],{"className":77,"code":84871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"kiwi\n",[15,84873,84874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84875,84876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84877,84871],{"class":90},[24,84879,84880],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[24,84882,84883,84884,84886,84887,425],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84885,1085],{},", see the ",[419,84888,84889,424],{"href":42230},[15,84890,1085],{},[1667,84892,84894],{"id":84893},"miniterable-default",[15,84895,84896],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[24,84898,153,84899,84901],{},[15,84900,82798],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[75,84903,84905],{"className":77,"code":84904,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84906,84907,84915],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84908,84909,84911,84913],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84910,91],{"class":90},[84,84912,95],{"class":94},[84,84914,7716],{"class":102},[84,84916,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84918,116],{"class":98},[84,84920,103],{"class":102},[84,84922,84522],{"class":98},[84,84924,103],{"class":102},[84,84926,122],{"class":121},[84,84928,282],{"class":102},[84,84930,26399],{"class":9054},[84,84932,95],{"class":94},[84,84934,279],{"class":106},[84,84936,232],{"class":102},[24,84938,265],{},[75,84940,84941],{"className":77,"code":509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,84942,84943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84944,84945],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84946,509],{"class":106},[24,84948,84949,84950,84952],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84951,40575],{}," when there is no item to return.",[70,84954,1442,84956,84958],{"id":84955},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84957,84097],{}," with numbers",[24,84960,84961,84963],{},[15,84962,84097],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[75,84965,84967],{"className":77,"code":84966,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84968,84969,84994],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84970,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84972,4937],{"class":90},[84,84974,95],{"class":94},[84,84976,3498],{"class":102},[84,84978,51374],{"class":106},[84,84980,282],{"class":102},[84,84982,84983],{"class":106}," 72",[84,84985,282],{"class":102},[84,84987,28783],{"class":106},[84,84989,282],{"class":102},[84,84991,75963],{"class":106},[84,84993,317],{"class":102},[84,84995,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,84997,116],{"class":98},[84,84999,103],{"class":102},[84,85001,84522],{"class":98},[84,85003,103],{"class":102},[84,85005,16271],{"class":121},[84,85007,232],{"class":102},[24,85009,265],{},[75,85011,85013],{"className":77,"code":85012,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"60\n",[15,85014,85015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85016,85017],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85018,85012],{"class":106},[24,85020,85021],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[75,85023,85025],{"className":77,"code":85024,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85026,85027,85048],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85028,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85042,85044,85046],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85030,82910],{"class":90},[84,85032,95],{"class":94},[84,85034,3498],{"class":102},[84,85036,40269],{"class":106},[84,85038,282],{"class":102},[84,85040,85041],{"class":106}," 5.49",[84,85043,282],{"class":102},[84,85045,82926],{"class":106},[84,85047,317],{"class":102},[84,85049,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85051,116],{"class":98},[84,85053,103],{"class":102},[84,85055,84522],{"class":98},[84,85057,103],{"class":102},[84,85059,82946],{"class":121},[84,85061,232],{"class":102},[24,85063,265],{},[75,85065,85067],{"className":77,"code":85066,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.49\n",[15,85068,85069],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85070,85071],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85072,85066],{"class":106},[24,85074,85075],{},"This is useful for things like:",[33,85077,85078,85080,85082,85085],{},[36,85079,16271],{},[36,85081,82946],{},[36,85083,85084],{},"measurements",[36,85086,85087],{},"ages",[70,85089,1442,85091,46928],{"id":85090},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85092,84097],{},[24,85094,85095,85097],{},[15,85096,84097],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[75,85099,85101],{"className":77,"code":85100,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85102,85103,85135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85104,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85106,3943],{"class":90},[84,85108,95],{"class":94},[84,85110,3498],{"class":102},[84,85112,854],{"class":387},[84,85114,3961],{"class":391},[84,85116,854],{"class":387},[84,85118,282],{"class":102},[84,85120,3230],{"class":387},[84,85122,3952],{"class":391},[84,85124,854],{"class":387},[84,85126,282],{"class":102},[84,85128,3230],{"class":387},[84,85130,3970],{"class":391},[84,85132,854],{"class":387},[84,85134,317],{"class":102},[84,85136,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85138,116],{"class":98},[84,85140,103],{"class":102},[84,85142,84522],{"class":98},[84,85144,103],{"class":102},[84,85146,3987],{"class":121},[84,85148,232],{"class":102},[24,85150,265],{},[75,85152,85154],{"className":77,"code":85153,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"apple\n",[15,85155,85156],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85157,85158],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85159,85153],{"class":90},[24,85161,85162],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[75,85164,85166],{"className":77,"code":85165,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85167,85168,85200],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85169,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85171,3943],{"class":90},[84,85173,95],{"class":94},[84,85175,3498],{"class":102},[84,85177,854],{"class":387},[84,85179,3961],{"class":391},[84,85181,854],{"class":387},[84,85183,282],{"class":102},[84,85185,3230],{"class":387},[84,85187,57636],{"class":391},[84,85189,854],{"class":387},[84,85191,282],{"class":102},[84,85193,3230],{"class":387},[84,85195,3970],{"class":391},[84,85197,854],{"class":387},[84,85199,317],{"class":102},[84,85201,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85203,116],{"class":98},[84,85205,103],{"class":102},[84,85207,84522],{"class":98},[84,85209,103],{"class":102},[84,85211,3987],{"class":121},[84,85213,232],{"class":102},[24,85215,265],{},[75,85217,85219],{"className":77,"code":85218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Apple\n",[15,85220,85221],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85222,85223],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85224,85218],{"class":90},[24,85226,85227],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[24,85229,85230,85231,425],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[419,85232,85233,5657],{"href":74384},[15,85234,74287],{},[70,85236,1442,85238,85240],{"id":85237},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85239,84097],{}," with a key function",[24,85242,1862,85243,85245],{},[15,85244,14725],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[24,85247,11338],{},[33,85249,85250,85255,85260],{},[36,85251,85252,85254],{},[15,85253,14725],{}," changes the comparison rule",[36,85256,85257,85259],{},[15,85258,84097],{}," still returns the original item",[36,85261,85262],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1667,85264,85266],{"id":85265},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[75,85268,85270],{"className":77,"code":85269,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85271,85272,85305],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85273,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85301,85303],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85275,3943],{"class":90},[84,85277,95],{"class":94},[84,85279,3498],{"class":102},[84,85281,854],{"class":387},[84,85283,68190],{"class":391},[84,85285,854],{"class":387},[84,85287,282],{"class":102},[84,85289,3230],{"class":387},[84,85291,36919],{"class":391},[84,85293,854],{"class":387},[84,85295,282],{"class":102},[84,85297,3230],{"class":387},[84,85299,85300],{"class":391},"giraffe",[84,85302,854],{"class":387},[84,85304,317],{"class":102},[84,85306,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85308,116],{"class":98},[84,85310,103],{"class":102},[84,85312,84522],{"class":98},[84,85314,103],{"class":102},[84,85316,3987],{"class":121},[84,85318,282],{"class":102},[84,85320,21462],{"class":9054},[84,85322,95],{"class":94},[84,85324,602],{"class":98},[84,85326,232],{"class":102},[24,85328,265],{},[75,85330,85332],{"className":77,"code":85331,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cat\n",[15,85333,85334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85335,85336],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85337,85331],{"class":90},[1667,85339,85341],{"id":85340},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[75,85343,85345],{"className":77,"code":85344,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85346,85347,85357,85392,85424,85456,85460,85464,85503],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85348,85349,85352,85354],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85350,85351],{"class":90},"students ",[84,85353,95],{"class":94},[84,85355,85356],{"class":102}," [\n",[84,85358,85359,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85383,85385,85387,85389],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85360,85361],{"class":102},"    {",[84,85363,854],{"class":387},[84,85365,7544],{"class":391},[84,85367,854],{"class":387},[84,85369,881],{"class":102},[84,85371,3230],{"class":387},[84,85373,12763],{"class":391},[84,85375,854],{"class":387},[84,85377,282],{"class":102},[84,85379,3230],{"class":387},[84,85381,85382],{"class":391},"score",[84,85384,854],{"class":387},[84,85386,881],{"class":102},[84,85388,13391],{"class":106},[84,85390,85391],{"class":102},"},\n",[84,85393,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,85395,85361],{"class":102},[84,85397,854],{"class":387},[84,85399,7544],{"class":391},[84,85401,854],{"class":387},[84,85403,881],{"class":102},[84,85405,3230],{"class":387},[84,85407,35817],{"class":391},[84,85409,854],{"class":387},[84,85411,282],{"class":102},[84,85413,3230],{"class":387},[84,85415,85382],{"class":391},[84,85417,854],{"class":387},[84,85419,881],{"class":102},[84,85421,84983],{"class":106},[84,85423,85391],{"class":102},[84,85425,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,85427,85361],{"class":102},[84,85429,854],{"class":387},[84,85431,7544],{"class":391},[84,85433,854],{"class":387},[84,85435,881],{"class":102},[84,85437,3230],{"class":387},[84,85439,35826],{"class":391},[84,85441,854],{"class":387},[84,85443,282],{"class":102},[84,85445,3230],{"class":387},[84,85447,85382],{"class":391},[84,85449,854],{"class":387},[84,85451,881],{"class":102},[84,85453,19782],{"class":106},[84,85455,9188],{"class":102},[84,85457,85458],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,85459,317],{"class":102},[84,85461,85462],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,85463,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,85465,85466,85469,85471,85474,85476,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,85467,85468],{"class":90},"lowest ",[84,85470,95],{"class":94},[84,85472,85473],{"class":98}," min",[84,85475,103],{"class":102},[84,85477,85478],{"class":121},"students",[84,85480,282],{"class":102},[84,85482,21462],{"class":9054},[84,85484,95],{"class":94},[84,85486,37529],{"class":383},[84,85488,12789],{"class":37532},[84,85490,881],{"class":102},[84,85492,12789],{"class":121},[84,85494,292],{"class":102},[84,85496,854],{"class":387},[84,85498,85382],{"class":391},[84,85500,854],{"class":387},[84,85502,741],{"class":102},[84,85504,85505,85507,85509,85512],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,85506,116],{"class":98},[84,85508,103],{"class":102},[84,85510,85511],{"class":121},"lowest",[84,85513,110],{"class":102},[24,85515,265],{},[75,85517,85519],{"className":77,"code":85518,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85520,85521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85522,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85524,9157],{"class":102},[84,85526,394],{"class":387},[84,85528,7544],{"class":391},[84,85530,394],{"class":387},[84,85532,881],{"class":102},[84,85534,388],{"class":387},[84,85536,35817],{"class":391},[84,85538,394],{"class":387},[84,85540,282],{"class":102},[84,85542,388],{"class":387},[84,85544,85382],{"class":391},[84,85546,394],{"class":387},[84,85548,881],{"class":102},[84,85550,84983],{"class":106},[84,85552,9188],{"class":102},[24,85554,85555,85556,85559],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85557,85558],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[70,85561,1442,85563,85565],{"id":85562},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85564,82798],{}," with empty iterables",[24,85567,85568],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[75,85570,85572],{"className":77,"code":85571,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85573,85574,85582],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85575,85576,85578,85580],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85577,91],{"class":90},[84,85579,95],{"class":94},[84,85581,7716],{"class":102},[84,85583,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85585,116],{"class":98},[84,85587,103],{"class":102},[84,85589,84522],{"class":98},[84,85591,103],{"class":102},[84,85593,122],{"class":121},[84,85595,232],{"class":102},[24,85597,265],{},[75,85599,85601],{"className":77,"code":85600,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85602,85603],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85604,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85606,40575],{"class":139},[84,85608,881],{"class":102},[84,85610,85473],{"class":98},[84,85612,7241],{"class":102},[84,85614,83768],{"class":90},[84,85616,12075],{"class":94},[84,85618,83773],{"class":90},[24,85620,85621,85622,881],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85623,82798],{},[75,85625,85627],{"className":77,"code":85626,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85628,85629,85637],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85630,85631,85633,85635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85632,91],{"class":90},[84,85634,95],{"class":94},[84,85636,7716],{"class":102},[84,85638,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85640,116],{"class":98},[84,85642,103],{"class":102},[84,85644,84522],{"class":98},[84,85646,103],{"class":102},[84,85648,122],{"class":121},[84,85650,282],{"class":102},[84,85652,26399],{"class":9054},[84,85654,95],{"class":94},[84,85656,3653],{"class":659},[84,85658,232],{"class":102},[24,85660,265],{},[75,85662,85663],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,85664,85665],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85666,85667],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85668,11689],{"class":659},[24,85670,85671],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[24,85673,85674],{},"Remember:",[33,85676,85677,85685],{},[36,85678,85679,85681,85682,85684],{},[15,85680,82798],{}," works only when ",[15,85683,84097],{}," gets one iterable argument",[36,85686,85687,85688],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85689,85690],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[24,85692,85693,85694,425],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[419,85695,65703],{"href":72741},[70,85697,10624],{"id":10623},[24,85699,56643,85700,425],{},[15,85701,84097],{},[1667,85703,85705,85706],{"id":85704},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85707,82798],{},[24,85709,2881,85710,881],{},[15,85711,40575],{},[75,85713,85715],{"className":77,"code":85714,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85716,85717,85725],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85718,85719,85721,85723],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85720,7656],{"class":90},[84,85722,95],{"class":94},[84,85724,7716],{"class":102},[84,85726,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85728,116],{"class":98},[84,85730,103],{"class":102},[84,85732,84522],{"class":98},[84,85734,103],{"class":102},[84,85736,7687],{"class":121},[84,85738,232],{"class":102},[24,85740,85741],{},"Fix it by:",[33,85743,85744,85747],{},[36,85745,85746],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[36,85748,85749,85750],{},"or using ",[15,85751,82798],{},[75,85753,85755],{"className":77,"code":85754,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85756,85757,85765],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85758,85759,85761,85763],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85760,7656],{"class":90},[84,85762,95],{"class":94},[84,85764,7716],{"class":102},[84,85766,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85788,85790],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85768,116],{"class":98},[84,85770,103],{"class":102},[84,85772,84522],{"class":98},[84,85774,103],{"class":102},[84,85776,7687],{"class":121},[84,85778,282],{"class":102},[84,85780,26399],{"class":9054},[84,85782,95],{"class":94},[84,85784,854],{"class":387},[84,85786,85787],{"class":391},"no items",[84,85789,854],{"class":387},[84,85791,232],{"class":102},[1667,85793,85795],{"id":85794},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[24,85797,85798],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[75,85800,85802],{"className":77,"code":85801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85803,85804,85828],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85805,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85807,9044],{"class":90},[84,85809,95],{"class":94},[84,85811,3498],{"class":102},[84,85813,2212],{"class":106},[84,85815,282],{"class":102},[84,85817,3230],{"class":387},[84,85819,15636],{"class":391},[84,85821,854],{"class":387},[84,85823,282],{"class":102},[84,85825,285],{"class":106},[84,85827,317],{"class":102},[84,85829,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85831,116],{"class":98},[84,85833,103],{"class":102},[84,85835,84522],{"class":98},[84,85837,103],{"class":102},[84,85839,9083],{"class":121},[84,85841,232],{"class":102},[24,85843,265],{},[75,85845,85847],{"className":77,"code":85846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError\n",[15,85848,85849],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85850,85851],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85852,85846],{"class":139},[24,85854,85855],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[24,85857,85858,85859,425],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85860,84097],{},[75,85862,85864],{"className":77,"code":85863,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85865,85866,85890,85916],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85867,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85869,9044],{"class":90},[84,85871,95],{"class":94},[84,85873,3498],{"class":102},[84,85875,2212],{"class":106},[84,85877,282],{"class":102},[84,85879,3230],{"class":387},[84,85881,15636],{"class":391},[84,85883,854],{"class":387},[84,85885,282],{"class":102},[84,85887,285],{"class":106},[84,85889,317],{"class":102},[84,85891,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85893,91],{"class":90},[84,85895,95],{"class":94},[84,85897,3498],{"class":102},[84,85899,2070],{"class":139},[84,85901,103],{"class":102},[84,85903,2055],{"class":121},[84,85905,125],{"class":102},[84,85907,3752],{"class":470},[84,85909,3755],{"class":90},[84,85911,476],{"class":470},[84,85913,14450],{"class":90},[84,85915,317],{"class":102},[84,85917,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,85919,116],{"class":98},[84,85921,103],{"class":102},[84,85923,84522],{"class":98},[84,85925,103],{"class":102},[84,85927,122],{"class":121},[84,85929,232],{"class":102},[24,85931,265],{},[75,85933,85934],{"className":77,"code":1184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,85935,85936],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85937,85938],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85939,1184],{"class":106},[24,85941,85942,85943,425],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85944,2884],{},[1667,85946,85948],{"id":85947},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[24,85950,85951],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[75,85953,85955],{"className":77,"code":85954,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85956,85957,85989],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85958,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85960,3943],{"class":90},[84,85962,95],{"class":94},[84,85964,3498],{"class":102},[84,85966,854],{"class":387},[84,85968,79423],{"class":391},[84,85970,854],{"class":387},[84,85972,282],{"class":102},[84,85974,3230],{"class":387},[84,85976,57636],{"class":391},[84,85978,854],{"class":387},[84,85980,282],{"class":102},[84,85982,3230],{"class":387},[84,85984,79440],{"class":391},[84,85986,854],{"class":387},[84,85988,317],{"class":102},[84,85990,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,85992,116],{"class":98},[84,85994,103],{"class":102},[84,85996,84522],{"class":98},[84,85998,103],{"class":102},[84,86000,3987],{"class":121},[84,86002,232],{"class":102},[24,86004,265],{},[75,86006,86007],{"className":77,"code":85218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,86008,86009],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86010,86011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86012,85218],{"class":90},[24,86014,86015],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[75,86017,86019],{"className":77,"code":86018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86020,86021,86053],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86022,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86024,3943],{"class":90},[84,86026,95],{"class":94},[84,86028,3498],{"class":102},[84,86030,854],{"class":387},[84,86032,79423],{"class":391},[84,86034,854],{"class":387},[84,86036,282],{"class":102},[84,86038,3230],{"class":387},[84,86040,57636],{"class":391},[84,86042,854],{"class":387},[84,86044,282],{"class":102},[84,86046,3230],{"class":387},[84,86048,79440],{"class":391},[84,86050,854],{"class":387},[84,86052,317],{"class":102},[84,86054,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,86056,116],{"class":98},[84,86058,103],{"class":102},[84,86060,84522],{"class":98},[84,86062,103],{"class":102},[84,86064,3987],{"class":121},[84,86066,282],{"class":102},[84,86068,21462],{"class":9054},[84,86070,95],{"class":94},[84,86072,3321],{"class":139},[84,86074,425],{"class":102},[84,86076,8517],{"class":24629},[84,86078,232],{"class":102},[24,86080,265],{},[75,86082,86083],{"className":77,"code":85218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,86084,86085],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86086,86087],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86088,85218],{"class":90},[24,86090,86091],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[70,86093,792,86095],{"id":86094},"when-to-use-min",[15,86096,84097],{},[24,86098,153,86099,799],{},[15,86100,84097],{},[33,86102,86103,86106,86111],{},[36,86104,86105],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[36,86107,86108,86109],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86110,14725],{},[36,86112,86113],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[24,86115,153,86116,86120],{},[419,86117,86118],{"href":74384},[15,86119,74287],{}," if you need all items in order.",[24,86122,153,86123,86128],{},[419,86124,86126],{"href":86125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86127,82443],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[70,86130,1434],{"id":1433},[24,86132,84102],{},[33,86134,86135,86143,86146,86151,86158],{},[36,86136,86137,86138,86140,86141],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86139,84097],{}," without using ",[15,86142,82798],{},[36,86144,86145],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[36,86147,8329,86148,86150],{},[15,86149,84097],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[36,86152,4577,86153,86155,86156,85259],{},[15,86154,14725],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86157,84097],{},[36,86159,1442,86160,86162],{},[15,86161,82798],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[24,86164,86165,86166,86168],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86167,84097],{},", these quick checks can help:",[75,86170,86172],{"className":77,"code":86171,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86173,86174,86188,86198,86212,86226,86248],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86175,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86177,116],{"class":98},[84,86179,103],{"class":102},[84,86181,334],{"class":139},[84,86183,103],{"class":102},[84,86185,9083],{"class":121},[84,86187,232],{"class":102},[84,86189,86190,86192,86194,86196],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,86191,116],{"class":98},[84,86193,103],{"class":102},[84,86195,9083],{"class":121},[84,86197,110],{"class":102},[84,86199,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,86201,116],{"class":98},[84,86203,103],{"class":102},[84,86205,602],{"class":98},[84,86207,103],{"class":102},[84,86209,9083],{"class":121},[84,86211,232],{"class":102},[84,86213,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,86215,116],{"class":98},[84,86217,103],{"class":102},[84,86219,84522],{"class":98},[84,86221,103],{"class":102},[84,86223,9083],{"class":121},[84,86225,232],{"class":102},[84,86227,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244,86246],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,86229,116],{"class":98},[84,86231,103],{"class":102},[84,86233,84522],{"class":98},[84,86235,103],{"class":102},[84,86237,9083],{"class":121},[84,86239,282],{"class":102},[84,86241,26399],{"class":9054},[84,86243,95],{"class":94},[84,86245,3653],{"class":659},[84,86247,232],{"class":102},[84,86249,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,86251,116],{"class":98},[84,86253,103],{"class":102},[84,86255,84522],{"class":98},[84,86257,103],{"class":102},[84,86259,3987],{"class":121},[84,86261,282],{"class":102},[84,86263,21462],{"class":9054},[84,86265,95],{"class":94},[84,86267,602],{"class":98},[84,86269,232],{"class":102},[24,86271,86272,86273,86276,86277,86279],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86274,86275],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86278,9083],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[70,86281,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,86283,5016,86285,5019],{"id":86284},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86286,84097],{},[24,86288,86289],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1667,86291,5043,86293,84278],{"id":86292},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86294,84097],{},[24,86296,86297],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1667,86299,71509],{"id":71508},[24,86301,86302,52364,86304,84290,86306,36493],{},[15,86303,84097],{},[15,86305,40575],{},[15,86307,82798],{},[1667,86309,5016,86311,86313,86314,1689],{"id":86310},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86312,14725],{}," do in ",[15,86315,84097],{},[24,86317,86318,86320,86321,86323],{},[15,86319,14725],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86322,83351],{}," compares strings by length.",[1667,86325,5053,86327,28,86329,1689],{"id":86326},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86328,84097],{},[15,86330,74287],{},[24,86332,86333,86335,86336,86338],{},[15,86334,84097],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86337,74287],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[70,86340,1777],{"id":1776},[33,86342,86343,86349,86355,86361,86365,86369],{},[36,86344,86345],{},[419,86346,86347,424],{"href":86125},[15,86348,82443],{},[36,86350,86351],{},[419,86352,86353,424],{"href":74384},[15,86354,74287],{},[36,86356,86357],{},[419,86358,86359,424],{"href":42230},[15,86360,1085],{},[36,86362,86363],{},[419,86364,79736],{"href":78239},[36,86366,86367],{},[419,86368,58824],{"href":58823},[36,86370,86371],{},[419,86372,65703],{"href":72741},[1814,86374,86375],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":86377},[86378,86379,86381,86387,86389,86391,86396,86398,86404,86406,86407,86418],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":84581,"depth":113,"text":86380},"What min() does",{"id":84602,"depth":113,"text":84603,"children":86382},[86383,86384,86385,86386],{"id":84687,"depth":132,"text":84690},{"id":84749,"depth":132,"text":84752},{"id":84799,"depth":132,"text":84802},{"id":84893,"depth":132,"text":84896},{"id":84955,"depth":113,"text":86388},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85090,"depth":113,"text":86390},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85237,"depth":113,"text":86392,"children":86393},"Using min() with a key function",[86394,86395],{"id":85265,"depth":132,"text":85266},{"id":85340,"depth":132,"text":85341},{"id":85562,"depth":113,"text":86397},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10623,"depth":113,"text":10624,"children":86399},[86400,86402,86403],{"id":85704,"depth":132,"text":86401},"Empty list without default",{"id":85794,"depth":132,"text":85795},{"id":85947,"depth":132,"text":85948},{"id":86094,"depth":113,"text":86405},"When to use min()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":86408},[86409,86411,86413,86414,86416],{"id":86284,"depth":132,"text":86410},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86292,"depth":132,"text":86412},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71508,"depth":132,"text":71509},{"id":86310,"depth":132,"text":86415},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86326,"depth":132,"text":86417},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84464,"description":86419},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86426,"title":86427,"body":86428,"description":88607,"extension":1845,"meta":88608,"navigation":237,"path":88609,"seo":88610,"stem":88611,"__hash__":88612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86429,"toc":88571},[86430,86433,86439,86445,86447,86528,86537,86541,86546,86548,86593,86595,86675,86681,86683,86686,86718,86720,86738,86740,86813,86815,86834,86838,86841,86877,86879,86946,87020,87093,87098,87102,87108,87111,87128,87131,87133,87194,87196,87216,87222,87226,87229,87299,87302,87321,87326,87402,87405,87409,87415,87419,87424,87494,87498,87503,87577,87581,87584,87659,87670,87674,87679,87769,87774,87842,87845,87864,87875,87879,87882,87887,87890,87952,87955,87966,87971,87974,87977,87982,87985,87988,87992,87995,88001,88004,88015,88017,88079,88094,88100,88103,88106,88117,88128,88134,88137,88139,88201,88211,88217,88222,88228,88232,88238,88241,88262,88264,88269,88296,88299,88326,88329,88368,88371,88409,88412,88473,88476,88478,88482,88485,88489,88495,88503,88511,88515,88518,88522,88528,88530,88568],[10,86431,86427],{"id":86432},"python-open-function-explained",[24,86434,86435,86438],{},[15,86436,86437],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[24,86440,86441,86442,86444],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86443,86437],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[70,86446,1887],{"id":1886},[75,86448,86450],{"className":77,"code":86449,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86451,86452,86501,86517],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86453,86454,86457,86460,86462,86464,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86482,86484,86486,86489,86491,86493,86495,86499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86455,86456],{"class":470},"with",[84,86458,86459],{"class":98}," open",[84,86461,103],{"class":102},[84,86463,854],{"class":387},[84,86465,86466],{"class":391},"example.txt",[84,86468,854],{"class":387},[84,86470,282],{"class":102},[84,86472,3230],{"class":387},[84,86474,248],{"class":391},[84,86476,854],{"class":387},[84,86478,282],{"class":102},[84,86480,86481],{"class":9054}," encoding",[84,86483,95],{"class":94},[84,86485,854],{"class":387},[84,86487,86488],{"class":391},"utf-8",[84,86490,854],{"class":387},[84,86492,125],{"class":102},[84,86494,47226],{"class":470},[84,86496,86498],{"class":86497},"sMMDD"," file",[84,86500,6266],{"class":102},[84,86502,86503,86506,86508,86510,86512,86515],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,86504,86505],{"class":90},"    content ",[84,86507,95],{"class":94},[84,86509,86498],{"class":86497},[84,86511,425],{"class":102},[84,86513,86514],{"class":121},"read",[84,86516,8520],{"class":102},[84,86518,86519,86521,86523,86526],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,86520,490],{"class":98},[84,86522,103],{"class":102},[84,86524,86525],{"class":121},"content",[84,86527,110],{"class":102},[24,86529,153,86530,86532,86533,86536],{},[15,86531,86456],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86534,86535],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[70,86538,86540],{"id":86539},"what-open-does","What open() does",[24,86542,86543,86545],{},[15,86544,86437],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[24,86547,11338],{},[33,86549,86550,86553,86558,86563],{},[36,86551,86552],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[36,86554,40777,86555,86557],{},[42,86556,1367],{}," read or write anything by itself",[36,86559,17304,86560],{},[42,86561,86562],{},"file object",[36,86564,86565,86566],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[33,86567,86568,86573,86578,86583,86588],{},[36,86569,86570],{},[15,86571,86572],{},"read()",[36,86574,86575],{},[15,86576,86577],{},"readline()",[36,86579,86580],{},[15,86581,86582],{},"readlines()",[36,86584,86585],{},[15,86586,86587],{},"write()",[36,86589,86590],{},[15,86591,86592],{},"close()",[24,86594,190],{},[75,86596,86598],{"className":77,"code":86597,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86599,86600,86639,86654,86664],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86601,86602,86605,86607,86609,86611,86613,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86603,86604],{"class":86497},"file",[84,86606,13160],{"class":94},[84,86608,86459],{"class":98},[84,86610,103],{"class":102},[84,86612,854],{"class":387},[84,86614,86466],{"class":391},[84,86616,854],{"class":387},[84,86618,282],{"class":102},[84,86620,3230],{"class":387},[84,86622,248],{"class":391},[84,86624,854],{"class":387},[84,86626,282],{"class":102},[84,86628,86481],{"class":9054},[84,86630,95],{"class":94},[84,86632,854],{"class":387},[84,86634,86488],{"class":391},[84,86636,854],{"class":387},[84,86638,110],{"class":102},[84,86640,86641,86644,86646,86648,86650,86652],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,86642,86643],{"class":90},"content ",[84,86645,95],{"class":94},[84,86647,86498],{"class":86497},[84,86649,425],{"class":102},[84,86651,86514],{"class":121},[84,86653,8520],{"class":102},[84,86655,86656,86658,86660,86662],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,86657,116],{"class":98},[84,86659,103],{"class":102},[84,86661,86525],{"class":121},[84,86663,110],{"class":102},[84,86665,86666,86668,86670,86673],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,86667,86604],{"class":86497},[84,86669,425],{"class":102},[84,86671,86672],{"class":121},"close",[84,86674,8520],{"class":102},[24,86676,86677,86678,86680],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86679,86456],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[70,86682,2038],{"id":2037},[24,86684,86685],{},"A common form is:",[75,86687,86689],{"className":77,"code":86688,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86690,86691],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86692,86693,86695,86697,86699,86701,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86694,42298],{"class":98},[84,86696,103],{"class":102},[84,86698,86604],{"class":86497},[84,86700,282],{"class":102},[84,86702,86703],{"class":121}," mode",[84,86705,282],{"class":102},[84,86707,86481],{"class":9054},[84,86709,95],{"class":94},[84,86711,854],{"class":387},[84,86713,86488],{"class":391},[84,86715,854],{"class":387},[84,86717,110],{"class":102},[24,86719,64909],{},[33,86721,86722,86727,86732],{},[36,86723,86724,86726],{},[15,86725,86604],{}," is the file name or file path",[36,86728,86729,86731],{},[15,86730,20802],{}," controls how the file is opened",[36,86733,86734,86737],{},[15,86735,86736],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[24,86739,190],{},[75,86741,86743],{"className":77,"code":86742,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86744,86745,86788,86803],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86746,86747,86749,86751,86753,86755,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86748,86456],{"class":470},[84,86750,86459],{"class":98},[84,86752,103],{"class":102},[84,86754,854],{"class":387},[84,86756,86757],{"class":391},"notes.txt",[84,86759,854],{"class":387},[84,86761,282],{"class":102},[84,86763,3230],{"class":387},[84,86765,248],{"class":391},[84,86767,854],{"class":387},[84,86769,282],{"class":102},[84,86771,86481],{"class":9054},[84,86773,95],{"class":94},[84,86775,854],{"class":387},[84,86777,86488],{"class":391},[84,86779,854],{"class":387},[84,86781,125],{"class":102},[84,86783,47226],{"class":470},[84,86785,86498],{"class":86497},[84,86787,6266],{"class":102},[84,86789,86790,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,86791,86792],{"class":90},"    text ",[84,86794,95],{"class":94},[84,86796,86498],{"class":86497},[84,86798,425],{"class":102},[84,86800,86514],{"class":121},[84,86802,8520],{"class":102},[84,86804,86805,86807,86809,86811],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,86806,490],{"class":98},[84,86808,103],{"class":102},[84,86810,34586],{"class":121},[84,86812,110],{"class":102},[24,86814,19841],{},[33,86816,86817,86823,86828],{},[36,86818,86819,86822],{},[15,86820,86821],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[36,86824,86825,86827],{},[15,86826,86535],{}," means open for reading",[36,86829,86830,86833],{},[15,86831,86832],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[70,86835,86837],{"id":86836},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[24,86839,86840],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[33,86842,86843,86848,86854,86859,86865,86871],{},[36,86844,86845,86847],{},[15,86846,86535],{}," = read a text file",[36,86849,86850,86853],{},[15,86851,86852],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[36,86855,86856,86858],{},[15,86857,17979],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[36,86860,86861,86864],{},[15,86862,86863],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[36,86866,86867,86870],{},[15,86868,86869],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[36,86872,86873,86876],{},[15,86874,86875],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[24,86878,2006],{},[75,86880,86882],{"className":77,"code":86881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86883,86884,86889,86932],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86885,86886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86887,86888],{"class":128},"# Read a text file\n",[84,86890,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86902,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,86892,86456],{"class":470},[84,86894,86459],{"class":98},[84,86896,103],{"class":102},[84,86898,854],{"class":387},[84,86900,86901],{"class":391},"data.txt",[84,86903,854],{"class":387},[84,86905,282],{"class":102},[84,86907,3230],{"class":387},[84,86909,248],{"class":391},[84,86911,854],{"class":387},[84,86913,282],{"class":102},[84,86915,86481],{"class":9054},[84,86917,95],{"class":94},[84,86919,854],{"class":387},[84,86921,86488],{"class":391},[84,86923,854],{"class":387},[84,86925,125],{"class":102},[84,86927,47226],{"class":470},[84,86929,86498],{"class":86497},[84,86931,6266],{"class":102},[84,86933,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,86935,490],{"class":98},[84,86937,103],{"class":102},[84,86939,86604],{"class":86497},[84,86941,425],{"class":102},[84,86943,86514],{"class":121},[84,86945,7069],{"class":102},[75,86947,86949],{"className":77,"code":86948,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86950,86951,86956,86998],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86952,86953],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86954,86955],{"class":128},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[84,86957,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,86959,86456],{"class":470},[84,86961,86459],{"class":98},[84,86963,103],{"class":102},[84,86965,854],{"class":387},[84,86967,86901],{"class":391},[84,86969,854],{"class":387},[84,86971,282],{"class":102},[84,86973,3230],{"class":387},[84,86975,60355],{"class":391},[84,86977,854],{"class":387},[84,86979,282],{"class":102},[84,86981,86481],{"class":9054},[84,86983,95],{"class":94},[84,86985,854],{"class":387},[84,86987,86488],{"class":391},[84,86989,854],{"class":387},[84,86991,125],{"class":102},[84,86993,47226],{"class":470},[84,86995,86498],{"class":86497},[84,86997,6266],{"class":102},[84,86999,87000,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87016,87018],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87001,87002],{"class":86497},"    file",[84,87004,425],{"class":102},[84,87006,70058],{"class":121},[84,87008,103],{"class":102},[84,87010,854],{"class":387},[84,87012,34744],{"class":391},[84,87014,87015],{"class":34330},"\\n",[84,87017,854],{"class":387},[84,87019,110],{"class":102},[75,87021,87023],{"className":77,"code":87022,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87024,87025,87030,87072],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87026,87027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87028,87029],{"class":128},"# Append to a text file\n",[84,87031,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87033,86456],{"class":470},[84,87035,86459],{"class":98},[84,87037,103],{"class":102},[84,87039,854],{"class":387},[84,87041,86901],{"class":391},[84,87043,854],{"class":387},[84,87045,282],{"class":102},[84,87047,3230],{"class":387},[84,87049,419],{"class":391},[84,87051,854],{"class":387},[84,87053,282],{"class":102},[84,87055,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87057,95],{"class":94},[84,87059,854],{"class":387},[84,87061,86488],{"class":391},[84,87063,854],{"class":387},[84,87065,125],{"class":102},[84,87067,47226],{"class":470},[84,87069,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87071,6266],{"class":102},[84,87073,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87087,87089,87091],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87075,87002],{"class":86497},[84,87077,425],{"class":102},[84,87079,70058],{"class":121},[84,87081,103],{"class":102},[84,87083,854],{"class":387},[84,87085,87086],{"class":391},"Another line",[84,87088,87015],{"class":34330},[84,87090,854],{"class":387},[84,87092,110],{"class":102},[24,87094,69211,87095,87097],{},[15,87096,86852],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[70,87099,87101],{"id":87100},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[24,87103,87104,173,87106,425],{},[15,87105,86437],{},[42,87107,86562],{},[24,87109,87110],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[33,87112,87113,87118,87123],{},[36,87114,87115],{},[15,87116,87117],{},"file.read()",[36,87119,87120],{},[15,87121,87122],{},"file.write()",[36,87124,87125],{},[15,87126,87127],{},"file.close()",[24,87129,87130],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[24,87132,190],{},[75,87134,87136],{"className":77,"code":87135,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87137,87138,87180],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87139,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87141,86456],{"class":470},[84,87143,86459],{"class":98},[84,87145,103],{"class":102},[84,87147,854],{"class":387},[84,87149,86466],{"class":391},[84,87151,854],{"class":387},[84,87153,282],{"class":102},[84,87155,3230],{"class":387},[84,87157,248],{"class":391},[84,87159,854],{"class":387},[84,87161,282],{"class":102},[84,87163,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87165,95],{"class":94},[84,87167,854],{"class":387},[84,87169,86488],{"class":391},[84,87171,854],{"class":387},[84,87173,125],{"class":102},[84,87175,47226],{"class":470},[84,87177,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87179,6266],{"class":102},[84,87181,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87183,490],{"class":98},[84,87185,103],{"class":102},[84,87187,334],{"class":139},[84,87189,103],{"class":102},[84,87191,86604],{"class":86497},[84,87193,232],{"class":102},[24,87195,29905],{},[75,87197,87199],{"className":77,"code":87198,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87200,87201],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87202,87203,87205,87207,87209,87212,87214],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87204,380],{"class":94},[84,87206,384],{"class":383},[84,87208,388],{"class":387},[84,87210,87211],{"class":391},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[84,87213,394],{"class":387},[84,87215,397],{"class":94},[24,87217,87218,87219,87221],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87220,86437],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[70,87223,87225],{"id":87224},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[24,87227,87228],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[75,87230,87231],{"className":77,"code":86449,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,87232,87233,87275,87289],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87234,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87236,86456],{"class":470},[84,87238,86459],{"class":98},[84,87240,103],{"class":102},[84,87242,854],{"class":387},[84,87244,86466],{"class":391},[84,87246,854],{"class":387},[84,87248,282],{"class":102},[84,87250,3230],{"class":387},[84,87252,248],{"class":391},[84,87254,854],{"class":387},[84,87256,282],{"class":102},[84,87258,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87260,95],{"class":94},[84,87262,854],{"class":387},[84,87264,86488],{"class":391},[84,87266,854],{"class":387},[84,87268,125],{"class":102},[84,87270,47226],{"class":470},[84,87272,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87274,6266],{"class":102},[84,87276,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87278,86505],{"class":90},[84,87280,95],{"class":94},[84,87282,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87284,425],{"class":102},[84,87286,86514],{"class":121},[84,87288,8520],{"class":102},[84,87290,87291,87293,87295,87297],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87292,490],{"class":98},[84,87294,103],{"class":102},[84,87296,86525],{"class":121},[84,87298,110],{"class":102},[24,87300,87301],{},"Why this is recommended:",[33,87303,87304,87309,87315,87318],{},[36,87305,87306,87308],{},[15,87307,86456],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[36,87310,87311,87312,87314],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87313,86592],{}," yourself",[36,87316,87317],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[36,87319,87320],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[24,87322,83614,87323,87325],{},[15,87324,86456],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[75,87327,87328],{"className":77,"code":86597,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,87329,87330,87368,87382,87392],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87331,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87333,86604],{"class":86497},[84,87335,13160],{"class":94},[84,87337,86459],{"class":98},[84,87339,103],{"class":102},[84,87341,854],{"class":387},[84,87343,86466],{"class":391},[84,87345,854],{"class":387},[84,87347,282],{"class":102},[84,87349,3230],{"class":387},[84,87351,248],{"class":391},[84,87353,854],{"class":387},[84,87355,282],{"class":102},[84,87357,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87359,95],{"class":94},[84,87361,854],{"class":387},[84,87363,86488],{"class":391},[84,87365,854],{"class":387},[84,87367,110],{"class":102},[84,87369,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87371,86643],{"class":90},[84,87373,95],{"class":94},[84,87375,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87377,425],{"class":102},[84,87379,86514],{"class":121},[84,87381,8520],{"class":102},[84,87383,87384,87386,87388,87390],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87385,116],{"class":98},[84,87387,103],{"class":102},[84,87389,86525],{"class":121},[84,87391,110],{"class":102},[84,87393,87394,87396,87398,87400],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,87395,86604],{"class":86497},[84,87397,425],{"class":102},[84,87399,86672],{"class":121},[84,87401,8520],{"class":102},[24,87403,87404],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[70,87406,87408],{"id":87407},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[24,87410,87411,87412,87414],{},"Use mode ",[15,87413,86535],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1667,87416,87418],{"id":87417},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[24,87420,87421,87423],{},[15,87422,86572],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[75,87425,87426],{"className":77,"code":86449,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,87427,87428,87470,87484],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87429,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87431,86456],{"class":470},[84,87433,86459],{"class":98},[84,87435,103],{"class":102},[84,87437,854],{"class":387},[84,87439,86466],{"class":391},[84,87441,854],{"class":387},[84,87443,282],{"class":102},[84,87445,3230],{"class":387},[84,87447,248],{"class":391},[84,87449,854],{"class":387},[84,87451,282],{"class":102},[84,87453,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87455,95],{"class":94},[84,87457,854],{"class":387},[84,87459,86488],{"class":391},[84,87461,854],{"class":387},[84,87463,125],{"class":102},[84,87465,47226],{"class":470},[84,87467,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87469,6266],{"class":102},[84,87471,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87473,86505],{"class":90},[84,87475,95],{"class":94},[84,87477,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87479,425],{"class":102},[84,87481,86514],{"class":121},[84,87483,8520],{"class":102},[84,87485,87486,87488,87490,87492],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87487,490],{"class":98},[84,87489,103],{"class":102},[84,87491,86525],{"class":121},[84,87493,110],{"class":102},[1667,87495,87497],{"id":87496},"read-one-line","Read one line",[24,87499,87500,87502],{},[15,87501,86577],{}," reads one line at a time.",[75,87504,87506],{"className":77,"code":87505,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87507,87508,87550,87566],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87509,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87511,86456],{"class":470},[84,87513,86459],{"class":98},[84,87515,103],{"class":102},[84,87517,854],{"class":387},[84,87519,86466],{"class":391},[84,87521,854],{"class":387},[84,87523,282],{"class":102},[84,87525,3230],{"class":387},[84,87527,248],{"class":391},[84,87529,854],{"class":387},[84,87531,282],{"class":102},[84,87533,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87535,95],{"class":94},[84,87537,854],{"class":387},[84,87539,86488],{"class":391},[84,87541,854],{"class":387},[84,87543,125],{"class":102},[84,87545,47226],{"class":470},[84,87547,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87549,6266],{"class":102},[84,87551,87552,87555,87557,87559,87561,87564],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87553,87554],{"class":90},"    first_line ",[84,87556,95],{"class":94},[84,87558,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87560,425],{"class":102},[84,87562,87563],{"class":121},"readline",[84,87565,8520],{"class":102},[84,87567,87568,87570,87572,87575],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87569,490],{"class":98},[84,87571,103],{"class":102},[84,87573,87574],{"class":121},"first_line",[84,87576,110],{"class":102},[1667,87578,87580],{"id":87579},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[24,87582,87583],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[75,87585,87587],{"className":77,"code":87586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87588,87589,87631,87645],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87590,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87592,86456],{"class":470},[84,87594,86459],{"class":98},[84,87596,103],{"class":102},[84,87598,854],{"class":387},[84,87600,86466],{"class":391},[84,87602,854],{"class":387},[84,87604,282],{"class":102},[84,87606,3230],{"class":387},[84,87608,248],{"class":391},[84,87610,854],{"class":387},[84,87612,282],{"class":102},[84,87614,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87616,95],{"class":94},[84,87618,854],{"class":387},[84,87620,86488],{"class":391},[84,87622,854],{"class":387},[84,87624,125],{"class":102},[84,87626,47226],{"class":470},[84,87628,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87630,6266],{"class":102},[84,87632,87633,87636,87639,87641,87643],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87634,87635],{"class":470},"    for",[84,87637,87638],{"class":90}," line ",[84,87640,476],{"class":470},[84,87642,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87644,6266],{"class":102},[84,87646,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87648,47206],{"class":98},[84,87650,103],{"class":102},[84,87652,86],{"class":121},[84,87654,425],{"class":102},[84,87656,8511],{"class":121},[84,87658,7069],{"class":102},[24,87660,87661,87662,2759,87666,425],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[419,87663,87665],{"href":87664},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[419,87667,87669],{"href":87668},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[70,87671,87673],{"id":87672},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[24,87675,153,87676,87678],{},[15,87677,86852],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[75,87680,87682],{"className":77,"code":87681,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87683,87684,87727,87748],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87685,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87687,86456],{"class":470},[84,87689,86459],{"class":98},[84,87691,103],{"class":102},[84,87693,854],{"class":387},[84,87695,87696],{"class":391},"output.txt",[84,87698,854],{"class":387},[84,87700,282],{"class":102},[84,87702,3230],{"class":387},[84,87704,60355],{"class":391},[84,87706,854],{"class":387},[84,87708,282],{"class":102},[84,87710,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87712,95],{"class":94},[84,87714,854],{"class":387},[84,87716,86488],{"class":391},[84,87718,854],{"class":387},[84,87720,125],{"class":102},[84,87722,47226],{"class":470},[84,87724,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87726,6266],{"class":102},[84,87728,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87742,87744,87746],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87730,87002],{"class":86497},[84,87732,425],{"class":102},[84,87734,70058],{"class":121},[84,87736,103],{"class":102},[84,87738,854],{"class":387},[84,87740,87741],{"class":391},"First line",[84,87743,87015],{"class":34330},[84,87745,854],{"class":387},[84,87747,110],{"class":102},[84,87749,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87763,87765,87767],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,87751,87002],{"class":86497},[84,87753,425],{"class":102},[84,87755,70058],{"class":121},[84,87757,103],{"class":102},[84,87759,854],{"class":387},[84,87761,87762],{"class":391},"Second line",[84,87764,87015],{"class":34330},[84,87766,854],{"class":387},[84,87768,110],{"class":102},[24,87770,153,87771,87773],{},[15,87772,17979],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[75,87775,87777],{"className":77,"code":87776,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87778,87779,87821],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87780,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87782,86456],{"class":470},[84,87784,86459],{"class":98},[84,87786,103],{"class":102},[84,87788,854],{"class":387},[84,87790,87696],{"class":391},[84,87792,854],{"class":387},[84,87794,282],{"class":102},[84,87796,3230],{"class":387},[84,87798,419],{"class":391},[84,87800,854],{"class":387},[84,87802,282],{"class":102},[84,87804,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87806,95],{"class":94},[84,87808,854],{"class":387},[84,87810,86488],{"class":391},[84,87812,854],{"class":387},[84,87814,125],{"class":102},[84,87816,47226],{"class":470},[84,87818,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87820,6266],{"class":102},[84,87822,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87836,87838,87840],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87824,87002],{"class":86497},[84,87826,425],{"class":102},[84,87828,70058],{"class":121},[84,87830,103],{"class":102},[84,87832,854],{"class":387},[84,87834,87835],{"class":391},"Third line",[84,87837,87015],{"class":34330},[84,87839,854],{"class":387},[84,87841,110],{"class":102},[24,87843,87844],{},"Important detail:",[33,87846,87847,87852,87859],{},[36,87848,87849,87851],{},[15,87850,86587],{}," writes a string",[36,87853,87854,13937,87856,87858],{},[15,87855,86587],{},[42,87857,1367],{}," add a newline for you",[36,87860,87861,87862,87314],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87863,87015],{},[24,87865,87866,87867,2759,87871,425],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[419,87868,87870],{"href":87869},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[419,87872,87874],{"href":87873},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[70,87876,87878],{"id":87877},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[24,87880,87881],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1667,87883,87885],{"id":87884},"encodingutf-8",[15,87886,86832],{},[24,87888,87889],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[75,87891,87893],{"className":77,"code":87892,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87894,87895,87938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87896,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87898,86456],{"class":470},[84,87900,86459],{"class":98},[84,87902,103],{"class":102},[84,87904,854],{"class":387},[84,87906,87907],{"class":391},"message.txt",[84,87909,854],{"class":387},[84,87911,282],{"class":102},[84,87913,3230],{"class":387},[84,87915,248],{"class":391},[84,87917,854],{"class":387},[84,87919,282],{"class":102},[84,87921,86481],{"class":9054},[84,87923,95],{"class":94},[84,87925,854],{"class":387},[84,87927,86488],{"class":391},[84,87929,854],{"class":387},[84,87931,125],{"class":102},[84,87933,47226],{"class":470},[84,87935,86498],{"class":86497},[84,87937,6266],{"class":102},[84,87939,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,87941,490],{"class":98},[84,87943,103],{"class":102},[84,87945,86604],{"class":86497},[84,87947,425],{"class":102},[84,87949,86514],{"class":121},[84,87951,7069],{"class":102},[24,87953,87954],{},"Why it matters:",[33,87956,87957,87960,87963],{},[36,87958,87959],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[36,87961,87962],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[36,87964,87965],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1667,87967,87969],{"id":87968},"newline",[15,87970,87968],{},[24,87972,87973],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[24,87975,87976],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1667,87978,87980],{"id":87979},"buffering",[15,87981,87979],{},[24,87983,87984],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[24,87986,87987],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[70,87989,87991],{"id":87990},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[24,87993,87994],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1667,87996,87998],{"id":87997},"filenotfounderror",[15,87999,88000],{},"FileNotFoundError",[24,88002,88003],{},"This happens when:",[33,88005,88006,88009,88012],{},[36,88007,88008],{},"the file does not exist",[36,88010,88011],{},"the path is wrong",[36,88013,88014],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[24,88016,190],{},[75,88018,88020],{"className":77,"code":88019,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88021,88022,88065],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88023,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88035,88037,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88025,86456],{"class":470},[84,88027,86459],{"class":98},[84,88029,103],{"class":102},[84,88031,854],{"class":387},[84,88033,88034],{"class":391},"missing.txt",[84,88036,854],{"class":387},[84,88038,282],{"class":102},[84,88040,3230],{"class":387},[84,88042,248],{"class":391},[84,88044,854],{"class":387},[84,88046,282],{"class":102},[84,88048,86481],{"class":9054},[84,88050,95],{"class":94},[84,88052,854],{"class":387},[84,88054,86488],{"class":391},[84,88056,854],{"class":387},[84,88058,125],{"class":102},[84,88060,47226],{"class":470},[84,88062,86498],{"class":86497},[84,88064,6266],{"class":102},[84,88066,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88068,490],{"class":98},[84,88070,103],{"class":102},[84,88072,86604],{"class":86497},[84,88074,425],{"class":102},[84,88076,86514],{"class":121},[84,88078,7069],{"class":102},[24,88080,88081,88082,28,88090,425],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[419,88083,88085,88086,88089],{"href":88084},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[84,88087,88088],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[419,88091,88093],{"href":88092},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1667,88095,88097],{"id":88096},"permissionerror",[15,88098,88099],{},"PermissionError",[24,88101,88102],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[24,88104,88105],{},"Example causes:",[33,88107,88108,88111,88114],{},[36,88109,88110],{},"the file is protected",[36,88112,88113],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[36,88115,88116],{},"another program is blocking access",[24,88118,88119,88120],{},"Related page: ",[419,88121,88123,88124,88127],{"href":88122},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[84,88125,88126],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1667,88129,88131],{"id":88130},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88132,88133],{},"IsADirectoryError",[24,88135,88136],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[24,88138,190],{},[75,88140,88142],{"className":77,"code":88141,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88143,88144,88187],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88145,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88147,86456],{"class":470},[84,88149,86459],{"class":98},[84,88151,103],{"class":102},[84,88153,854],{"class":387},[84,88155,88156],{"class":391},"my_folder",[84,88158,854],{"class":387},[84,88160,282],{"class":102},[84,88162,3230],{"class":387},[84,88164,248],{"class":391},[84,88166,854],{"class":387},[84,88168,282],{"class":102},[84,88170,86481],{"class":9054},[84,88172,95],{"class":94},[84,88174,854],{"class":387},[84,88176,86488],{"class":391},[84,88178,854],{"class":387},[84,88180,125],{"class":102},[84,88182,47226],{"class":470},[84,88184,86498],{"class":86497},[84,88186,6266],{"class":102},[84,88188,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88190,490],{"class":98},[84,88192,103],{"class":102},[84,88194,86604],{"class":86497},[84,88196,425],{"class":102},[84,88198,86514],{"class":121},[84,88200,7069],{"class":102},[24,88202,88119,88203],{},[419,88204,88206,88207,88210],{"href":88205},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[84,88208,88209],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1667,88212,88214],{"id":88213},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88215,88216],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[24,88218,88219,88220,425],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88221,86437],{},[24,88223,88119,88224],{},[419,88225,88227],{"href":88226},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[70,88229,88231],{"id":88230},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[24,88233,88234,88235,88237],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88236,86437],{}," function.",[24,88239,88240],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[33,88242,88243,88246,88249,88255],{},[36,88244,88245],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[36,88247,88248],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[36,88250,88251,88252,88254],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88253,86437],{}," itself",[36,88256,88257,88258],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[419,88259,88261],{"href":88260},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[70,88263,1434],{"id":1433},[24,88265,88266,88267,881],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88268,86437],{},[33,88270,88271,88276,88282,88287,88290,88293],{},[36,88272,1442,88273,88275],{},[15,88274,86535],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[36,88277,88278,88279,88281],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88280,86736],{}," for text files",[36,88283,1442,88284,88286],{},[15,88285,86852],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[36,88288,88289],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[36,88291,88292],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[36,88294,88295],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[24,88297,88298],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[75,88300,88302],{"className":77,"code":88301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88303,88304,88311],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88305,88306,88308],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88307,34968],{"class":470},[84,88309,88310],{"class":90}," os\n",[84,88312,88313,88315,88317,88319,88321,88324],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88314,116],{"class":98},[84,88316,103],{"class":102},[84,88318,42497],{"class":121},[84,88320,425],{"class":102},[84,88322,88323],{"class":121},"getcwd",[84,88325,7069],{"class":102},[24,88327,88328],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[75,88330,88332],{"className":77,"code":88331,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88333,88334,88340],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88335,88336,88338],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88337,34968],{"class":470},[84,88339,88310],{"class":90},[84,88341,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350,88353,88355,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88343,116],{"class":98},[84,88345,103],{"class":102},[84,88347,42497],{"class":121},[84,88349,425],{"class":102},[84,88351,88352],{"class":24629},"path",[84,88354,425],{"class":102},[84,88356,88357],{"class":121},"exists",[84,88359,103],{"class":102},[84,88361,854],{"class":387},[84,88363,86466],{"class":391},[84,88365,854],{"class":387},[84,88367,232],{"class":102},[24,88369,88370],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[75,88372,88374],{"className":77,"code":88373,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88375,88376,88382],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88377,88378,88380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88379,34968],{"class":470},[84,88381,88310],{"class":90},[84,88383,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396,88399,88401,88403,88405,88407],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88385,116],{"class":98},[84,88387,103],{"class":102},[84,88389,42497],{"class":121},[84,88391,425],{"class":102},[84,88393,88352],{"class":24629},[84,88395,425],{"class":102},[84,88397,88398],{"class":121},"isfile",[84,88400,103],{"class":102},[84,88402,854],{"class":387},[84,88404,86466],{"class":391},[84,88406,854],{"class":387},[84,88408,232],{"class":102},[24,88410,88411],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[75,88413,88415],{"className":77,"code":88414,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88416,88417,88459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88418,88419,88421,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88420,86456],{"class":470},[84,88422,86459],{"class":98},[84,88424,103],{"class":102},[84,88426,854],{"class":387},[84,88428,86466],{"class":391},[84,88430,854],{"class":387},[84,88432,282],{"class":102},[84,88434,3230],{"class":387},[84,88436,248],{"class":391},[84,88438,854],{"class":387},[84,88440,282],{"class":102},[84,88442,86481],{"class":9054},[84,88444,95],{"class":94},[84,88446,854],{"class":387},[84,88448,86488],{"class":391},[84,88450,854],{"class":387},[84,88452,125],{"class":102},[84,88454,47226],{"class":470},[84,88456,86498],{"class":86497},[84,88458,6266],{"class":102},[84,88460,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88471],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88462,490],{"class":98},[84,88464,103],{"class":102},[84,88466,86604],{"class":86497},[84,88468,425],{"class":102},[84,88470,86514],{"class":121},[84,88472,7069],{"class":102},[24,88474,88475],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[70,88477,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,88479,88481],{"id":88480},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[24,88483,88484],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1667,88486,88488],{"id":88487},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[24,88490,88491,88492,88494],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88493,86456],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1667,88496,5053,88498,28,88500,88502],{"id":88497},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88499,86852],{},[15,88501,17979],{}," mode?",[24,88504,88505,88507,88508,88510],{},[15,88506,86852],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88509,17979],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1667,88512,88514],{"id":88513},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[24,88516,88517],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1667,88519,88521],{"id":88520},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[24,88523,88524,88525,88527],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88526,86832],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[70,88529,1777],{"id":1776},[33,88531,88532,88536,88540,88544,88548,88552,88556,88562],{},[36,88533,88534],{},[419,88535,87665],{"href":87664},[36,88537,88538],{},[419,88539,87870],{"href":87869},[36,88541,88542],{},[419,88543,87874],{"href":87873},[36,88545,88546],{},[419,88547,87669],{"href":87668},[36,88549,88550],{},[419,88551,88261],{"href":88260},[36,88553,88554],{},[419,88555,88093],{"href":88092},[36,88557,88558],{},[419,88559,88085,88560,88089],{"href":88084},[84,88561,88088],{},[36,88563,88564],{},[419,88565,88123,88566,88127],{"href":88122},[84,88567,88126],{},[1814,88569,88570],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":88572},[88573,88574,88575,88576,88577,88578,88579,88584,88585,88590,88596,88597,88598,88606],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":86539,"depth":113,"text":86540},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":86836,"depth":113,"text":86837},{"id":87100,"depth":113,"text":87101},{"id":87224,"depth":113,"text":87225},{"id":87407,"depth":113,"text":87408,"children":88580},[88581,88582,88583],{"id":87417,"depth":132,"text":87418},{"id":87496,"depth":132,"text":87497},{"id":87579,"depth":132,"text":87580},{"id":87672,"depth":113,"text":87673},{"id":87877,"depth":113,"text":87878,"children":88586},[88587,88588,88589],{"id":87884,"depth":132,"text":86832},{"id":87968,"depth":132,"text":87968},{"id":87979,"depth":132,"text":87979},{"id":87990,"depth":113,"text":87991,"children":88591},[88592,88593,88594,88595],{"id":87997,"depth":132,"text":88000},{"id":88096,"depth":132,"text":88099},{"id":88130,"depth":132,"text":88133},{"id":88213,"depth":132,"text":88216},{"id":88230,"depth":113,"text":88231},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":88599},[88600,88601,88602,88604,88605],{"id":88480,"depth":132,"text":88481},{"id":88487,"depth":132,"text":88488},{"id":88497,"depth":132,"text":88603},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88513,"depth":132,"text":88514},{"id":88520,"depth":132,"text":88521},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86427,"description":88607},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88614,"title":88615,"body":88616,"description":90611,"extension":1845,"meta":90612,"navigation":237,"path":90613,"seo":90614,"stem":90615,"__hash__":90616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88617,"toc":90558},[88618,88623,88628,88634,88636,88704,88706,88725,88730,88735,88740,88743,88755,88757,88800,88802,88820,88831,88833,88835,88860,88862,88873,88875,88935,88937,88963,88966,88970,88975,88979,88982,89016,89020,89023,89048,89052,89075,89079,89112,89117,89121,89126,89129,89197,89199,89223,89228,89231,89262,89264,89296,89313,89317,89322,89346,89353,89358,89363,89366,89370,89405,89407,89416,89420,89511,89513,89544,89549,89556,89561,89570,89573,89607,89609,89623,89627,89668,89670,89679,89683,89731,89733,89747,89752,89763,89770,89776,89778,89813,89815,89829,89832,89854,89860,89889,89900,89906,89912,89926,89928,90007,90009,90059,90066,90068,90073,90077,90080,90095,90100,90102,90121,90127,90130,90145,90147,90165,90171,90176,90206,90209,90232,90235,90262,90269,90275,90283,90306,90311,90319,90321,90341,90345,90351,90401,90404,90426,90428,90434,90442,90448,90454,90462,90467,90471,90474,90497,90502,90509,90521,90523,90555],[10,88619,13,88621,3456],{"id":88620},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88622,46323],{},[24,88624,32194,88625,88627],{},[15,88626,46323],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[24,88629,88630,88631,88633],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88632,46323],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[70,88635,1887],{"id":1886},[75,88637,88639],{"className":77,"code":88638,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88640,88641,88653,88662,88666,88676,88686],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88642,88643,88645,88647,88649,88651],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88644,7754],{"class":90},[84,88646,95],{"class":94},[84,88648,3230],{"class":387},[84,88650,7799],{"class":391},[84,88652,3236],{"class":387},[84,88654,88655,88657,88659],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88656,21511],{"class":90},[84,88658,95],{"class":94},[84,88660,88661],{"class":106}," 12\n",[84,88663,88664],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,88665,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,88667,88668,88670,88672,88674],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,88669,116],{"class":98},[84,88671,103],{"class":102},[84,88673,7544],{"class":121},[84,88675,110],{"class":102},[84,88677,88678,88680,88682,88684],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,88679,116],{"class":98},[84,88681,103],{"class":102},[84,88683,9178],{"class":121},[84,88685,110],{"class":102},[84,88687,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700,88702],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,88689,116],{"class":98},[84,88691,103],{"class":102},[84,88693,854],{"class":387},[84,88695,34744],{"class":391},[84,88697,854],{"class":387},[84,88699,282],{"class":102},[84,88701,35868],{"class":121},[84,88703,110],{"class":102},[24,88705,265],{},[75,88707,88709],{"className":77,"code":88708,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88710,88711,88716,88720],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88712,88713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88714,88715],{"class":90},"Mia\n",[84,88717,88718],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88719,2105],{"class":106},[84,88721,88722],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,88723,88724],{"class":90},"Hello Mia\n",[24,88726,153,88727,88729],{},[15,88728,46323],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[70,88731,429,88733,3554],{"id":88732},"what-print-does",[15,88734,46323],{},[24,88736,88737,88739],{},[15,88738,46323],{}," sends output to the screen.",[24,88741,88742],{},"You can use it to display:",[33,88744,88745,88747,88749,88752],{},[36,88746,34586],{},[36,88748,122],{},[36,88750,88751],{},"variables",[36,88753,88754],{},"expressions",[24,88756,190],{},[75,88758,88760],{"className":77,"code":88759,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88761,88762,88776,88786],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88763,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772,88774],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88765,116],{"class":98},[84,88767,103],{"class":102},[84,88769,854],{"class":387},[84,88771,34744],{"class":391},[84,88773,854],{"class":387},[84,88775,110],{"class":102},[84,88777,88778,88780,88782,88784],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88779,116],{"class":98},[84,88781,103],{"class":102},[84,88783,107],{"class":106},[84,88785,110],{"class":102},[84,88787,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,88789,116],{"class":98},[84,88791,103],{"class":102},[84,88793,568],{"class":106},[84,88795,2336],{"class":94},[84,88797,309],{"class":106},[84,88799,110],{"class":102},[24,88801,265],{},[75,88803,88805],{"className":77,"code":88804,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88806,88807,88812,88816],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88808,88809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88810,88811],{"class":90},"Hello\n",[84,88813,88814],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88815,1184],{"class":106},[84,88817,88818],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,88819,1184],{"class":106},[24,88821,88822,88823,88825,88826,88830],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88824,46323],{}," ",[42,88827,3566,88828],{},[15,88829,3653],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[70,88832,2038],{"id":2037},[24,88834,30601],{},[75,88836,88838],{"className":77,"code":88837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88839,88840],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88841,88842,88844,88846,88849,88851,88854,88856,88858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88843,116],{"class":98},[84,88845,103],{"class":102},[84,88847,88848],{"class":121},"object1",[84,88850,282],{"class":102},[84,88852,88853],{"class":121}," object2",[84,88855,282],{"class":102},[84,88857,34331],{"class":98},[84,88859,110],{"class":102},[24,88861,80066],{},[33,88863,88864,88867,88870],{},[36,88865,88866],{},"one value",[36,88868,88869],{},"many values",[36,88871,88872],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[24,88874,190],{},[75,88876,88878],{"className":77,"code":88877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88879,88880,88894,88913],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88881,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890,88892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88883,116],{"class":98},[84,88885,103],{"class":102},[84,88887,854],{"class":387},[84,88889,57636],{"class":391},[84,88891,854],{"class":387},[84,88893,110],{"class":102},[84,88895,88896,88898,88900,88902,88905,88907,88909,88911],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88897,116],{"class":98},[84,88899,103],{"class":102},[84,88901,854],{"class":387},[84,88903,88904],{"class":391},"Score:",[84,88906,854],{"class":387},[84,88908,282],{"class":102},[84,88910,573],{"class":106},[84,88912,110],{"class":102},[84,88914,88915,88917,88919,88921,88923,88925,88927,88929,88931,88933],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,88916,116],{"class":98},[84,88918,103],{"class":102},[84,88920,854],{"class":387},[84,88922,45436],{"class":391},[84,88924,854],{"class":387},[84,88926,282],{"class":102},[84,88928,314],{"class":106},[84,88930,2336],{"class":94},[84,88932,843],{"class":106},[84,88934,110],{"class":102},[24,88936,265],{},[75,88938,88940],{"className":77,"code":88939,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88941,88942,88946,88955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88943,88944],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88945,85218],{"class":90},[84,88947,88948,88951,88953],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,88949,88950],{"class":90},"Score",[84,88952,881],{"class":102},[84,88954,2468],{"class":106},[84,88956,88957,88959,88961],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,88958,45475],{"class":90},[84,88960,881],{"class":102},[84,88962,2468],{"class":106},[24,88964,88965],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[70,88967,88969],{"id":88968},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[24,88971,88972,88973,425],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88974,46323],{},[1667,88976,88978],{"id":88977},"print-text","Print text",[24,88980,88981],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[75,88983,88985],{"className":77,"code":88984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88986,88987,89001],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88988,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88990,116],{"class":98},[84,88992,103],{"class":102},[84,88994,854],{"class":387},[84,88996,34744],{"class":391},[84,88998,854],{"class":387},[84,89000,110],{"class":102},[84,89002,89003,89005,89007,89009,89012,89014],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89004,116],{"class":98},[84,89006,103],{"class":102},[84,89008,854],{"class":387},[84,89010,89011],{"class":391},"Python is fun",[84,89013,854],{"class":387},[84,89015,110],{"class":102},[1667,89017,89019],{"id":89018},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[24,89021,89022],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[75,89024,89026],{"className":77,"code":89025,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89027,89028,89038],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89029,89030,89032,89034,89036],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89031,116],{"class":98},[84,89033,103],{"class":102},[84,89035,107],{"class":106},[84,89037,110],{"class":102},[84,89039,89040,89042,89044,89046],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89041,116],{"class":98},[84,89043,103],{"class":102},[84,89045,40014],{"class":106},[84,89047,110],{"class":102},[1667,89049,89051],{"id":89050},"print-variables","Print variables",[75,89053,89055],{"className":77,"code":89054,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89056,89057,89065],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89058,89059,89061,89063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89060,4969],{"class":90},[84,89062,95],{"class":94},[84,89064,14014],{"class":106},[84,89066,89067,89069,89071,89073],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89068,116],{"class":98},[84,89070,103],{"class":102},[84,89072,85382],{"class":121},[84,89074,110],{"class":102},[1667,89076,89078],{"id":89077},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[75,89080,89082],{"className":77,"code":89081,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89083,89084,89098],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89085,89086,89088,89090,89092,89094,89096],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89087,116],{"class":98},[84,89089,103],{"class":102},[84,89091,568],{"class":106},[84,89093,2336],{"class":94},[84,89095,309],{"class":106},[84,89097,110],{"class":102},[84,89099,89100,89102,89104,89106,89108,89110],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89101,116],{"class":98},[84,89103,103],{"class":102},[84,89105,2212],{"class":106},[84,89107,82694],{"class":94},[84,89109,314],{"class":106},[84,89111,110],{"class":102},[24,89113,89114,89115,425],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[419,89116,50845],{"href":50844},[70,89118,89120],{"id":89119},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[24,89122,89123,89125],{},[15,89124,46323],{}," can take more than one argument.",[24,89127,89128],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[75,89130,89132],{"className":77,"code":89131,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89133,89134,89147,89155,89159,89178],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89135,89136,89138,89140,89142,89145],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89137,7754],{"class":90},[84,89139,95],{"class":94},[84,89141,3230],{"class":387},[84,89143,89144],{"class":391},"Ava",[84,89146,3236],{"class":387},[84,89148,89149,89151,89153],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89150,21511],{"class":90},[84,89152,95],{"class":94},[84,89154,2468],{"class":106},[84,89156,89157],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,89158,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,89160,89161,89163,89165,89167,89170,89172,89174,89176],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,89162,116],{"class":98},[84,89164,103],{"class":102},[84,89166,854],{"class":387},[84,89168,89169],{"class":391},"Name:",[84,89171,854],{"class":387},[84,89173,282],{"class":102},[84,89175,35868],{"class":121},[84,89177,110],{"class":102},[84,89179,89180,89182,89184,89186,89189,89191,89193,89195],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,89181,116],{"class":98},[84,89183,103],{"class":102},[84,89185,854],{"class":387},[84,89187,89188],{"class":391},"Age:",[84,89190,854],{"class":387},[84,89192,282],{"class":102},[84,89194,9067],{"class":121},[84,89196,110],{"class":102},[24,89198,265],{},[75,89200,89202],{"className":77,"code":89201,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89203,89204,89214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89205,89206,89209,89211],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89207,89208],{"class":90},"Name",[84,89210,881],{"class":102},[84,89212,89213],{"class":90}," Ava\n",[84,89215,89216,89219,89221],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89217,89218],{"class":90},"Age",[84,89220,881],{"class":102},[84,89222,2468],{"class":106},[24,89224,89225,89226,425],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89227,1943],{},[24,89229,89230],{},"For example, this works:",[75,89232,89234],{"className":77,"code":89233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89235,89236,89244],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89237,89238,89240,89242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89239,21511],{"class":90},[84,89241,95],{"class":94},[84,89243,2468],{"class":106},[84,89245,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89247,116],{"class":98},[84,89249,103],{"class":102},[84,89251,854],{"class":387},[84,89253,89188],{"class":391},[84,89255,854],{"class":387},[84,89257,282],{"class":102},[84,89259,9067],{"class":121},[84,89261,110],{"class":102},[24,89263,36798],{},[75,89265,89267],{"className":77,"code":89266,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89268,89269,89277],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89270,89271,89273,89275],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89272,21511],{"class":90},[84,89274,95],{"class":94},[84,89276,2468],{"class":106},[84,89278,89279,89281,89283,89285,89288,89290,89292,89294],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89280,116],{"class":98},[84,89282,103],{"class":102},[84,89284,854],{"class":387},[84,89286,89287],{"class":391},"Age: ",[84,89289,854],{"class":387},[84,89291,2336],{"class":94},[84,89293,9067],{"class":121},[84,89295,110],{"class":102},[24,89297,89298,89299,89302,89303,89305,89306,89308,89309,425],{},"That fails because ",[15,89300,89301],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89304,9178],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89307,1943],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[419,89310,89311],{"href":42047},[15,89312,47552],{},[70,89314,89316],{"id":89315},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[24,89318,89319,89321],{},[15,89320,46323],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[33,89323,89324,89330,89335,89340],{},[36,89325,89326,89329],{},[15,89327,89328],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[36,89331,89332,89334],{},[15,89333,52529],{}," controls what is added after the output",[36,89336,89337,89339],{},[15,89338,86604],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[36,89341,89342,89345],{},[15,89343,89344],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[24,89347,89348,89349,28,89351,425],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89350,89328],{},[15,89352,52529],{},[70,89354,89356,36487],{"id":89355},"sep-argument",[15,89357,89328],{},[24,89359,1862,89360,89362],{},[15,89361,89328],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[24,89364,89365],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1667,89367,89369],{"id":89368},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[75,89371,89373],{"className":77,"code":89372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89374,89375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89376,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89378,116],{"class":98},[84,89380,103],{"class":102},[84,89382,854],{"class":387},[84,89384,12976],{"class":391},[84,89386,854],{"class":387},[84,89388,282],{"class":102},[84,89390,3230],{"class":387},[84,89392,17338],{"class":391},[84,89394,854],{"class":387},[84,89396,282],{"class":102},[84,89398,3230],{"class":387},[84,89400,12993],{"class":391},[84,89402,854],{"class":387},[84,89404,110],{"class":102},[24,89406,265],{},[75,89408,89410],{"className":77,"code":89409,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red green blue\n",[15,89411,89412],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89413,89414],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89415,89409],{"class":90},[1667,89417,89419],{"id":89418},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[75,89421,89423],{"className":77,"code":89422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89424,89425,89468],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89426,89427,89429,89431,89433,89435,89437,89439,89441,89443,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89428,116],{"class":98},[84,89430,103],{"class":102},[84,89432,854],{"class":387},[84,89434,12976],{"class":391},[84,89436,854],{"class":387},[84,89438,282],{"class":102},[84,89440,3230],{"class":387},[84,89442,17338],{"class":391},[84,89444,854],{"class":387},[84,89446,282],{"class":102},[84,89448,3230],{"class":387},[84,89450,12993],{"class":391},[84,89452,854],{"class":387},[84,89454,282],{"class":102},[84,89456,89457],{"class":9054}," sep",[84,89459,95],{"class":94},[84,89461,854],{"class":387},[84,89463,282],{"class":391},[84,89465,854],{"class":387},[84,89467,110],{"class":102},[84,89469,89470,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89507,89509],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89471,116],{"class":98},[84,89473,103],{"class":102},[84,89475,854],{"class":387},[84,89477,12976],{"class":391},[84,89479,854],{"class":387},[84,89481,282],{"class":102},[84,89483,3230],{"class":387},[84,89485,17338],{"class":391},[84,89487,854],{"class":387},[84,89489,282],{"class":102},[84,89491,3230],{"class":387},[84,89493,12993],{"class":391},[84,89495,854],{"class":387},[84,89497,282],{"class":102},[84,89499,89457],{"class":9054},[84,89501,95],{"class":94},[84,89503,854],{"class":387},[84,89505,89506],{"class":391}," - ",[84,89508,854],{"class":387},[84,89510,110],{"class":102},[24,89512,265],{},[75,89514,89516],{"className":77,"code":89515,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89517,89518,89530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89519,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89521,12976],{"class":90},[84,89523,282],{"class":102},[84,89525,17338],{"class":90},[84,89527,282],{"class":102},[84,89529,69844],{"class":90},[84,89531,89532,89535,89537,89540,89542],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89533,89534],{"class":90},"red ",[84,89536,1906],{"class":94},[84,89538,89539],{"class":90}," green ",[84,89541,1906],{"class":94},[84,89543,35757],{"class":90},[24,89545,89546,89548],{},[15,89547,89328],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[24,89550,89551,89552,425],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[419,89553,89555],{"href":89554},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[70,89557,89559,36487],{"id":89558},"end-argument",[15,89560,52529],{},[24,89562,89563,89564,89566,89567,89569],{},"By default, ",[15,89565,46323],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89568,46323],{}," starts on a new line.",[1667,89571,89369],{"id":89572},"default-behavior-1",[75,89574,89576],{"className":77,"code":89575,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89577,89578,89592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89579,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89581,116],{"class":98},[84,89583,103],{"class":102},[84,89585,854],{"class":387},[84,89587,34744],{"class":391},[84,89589,854],{"class":387},[84,89591,110],{"class":102},[84,89593,89594,89596,89598,89600,89603,89605],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89595,116],{"class":98},[84,89597,103],{"class":102},[84,89599,854],{"class":387},[84,89601,89602],{"class":391},"World",[84,89604,854],{"class":387},[84,89606,110],{"class":102},[24,89608,265],{},[75,89610,89612],{"className":77,"code":89611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89613,89614,89618],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89615,89616],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89617,88811],{"class":90},[84,89619,89620],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89621,89622],{"class":90},"World\n",[1667,89624,89626],{"id":89625},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[75,89628,89630],{"className":77,"code":89629,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89631,89632,89654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89633,89634,89636,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89635,116],{"class":98},[84,89637,103],{"class":102},[84,89639,854],{"class":387},[84,89641,34744],{"class":391},[84,89643,854],{"class":387},[84,89645,282],{"class":102},[84,89647,64904],{"class":9054},[84,89649,95],{"class":94},[84,89651,6144],{"class":387},[84,89653,110],{"class":102},[84,89655,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89657,116],{"class":98},[84,89659,103],{"class":102},[84,89661,854],{"class":387},[84,89663,89602],{"class":391},[84,89665,854],{"class":387},[84,89667,110],{"class":102},[24,89669,265],{},[75,89671,89673],{"className":77,"code":89672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89674,89675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89676,89677],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89678,89672],{"class":90},[1667,89680,89682],{"id":89681},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[75,89684,89686],{"className":77,"code":89685,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89687,89688,89717],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89689,89690,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704,89706,89708,89711,89713,89715],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89691,116],{"class":98},[84,89693,103],{"class":102},[84,89695,854],{"class":387},[84,89697,34744],{"class":391},[84,89699,854],{"class":387},[84,89701,282],{"class":102},[84,89703,64904],{"class":9054},[84,89705,95],{"class":94},[84,89707,854],{"class":387},[84,89709,89710],{"class":391},"!",[84,89712,87015],{"class":34330},[84,89714,854],{"class":387},[84,89716,110],{"class":102},[84,89718,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89720,116],{"class":98},[84,89722,103],{"class":102},[84,89724,854],{"class":387},[84,89726,89602],{"class":391},[84,89728,854],{"class":387},[84,89730,110],{"class":102},[24,89732,265],{},[75,89734,89736],{"className":77,"code":89735,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89737,89738,89743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89739,89740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89741,89742],{"class":90},"Hello!\n",[84,89744,89745],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89746,89622],{"class":90},[24,89748,1862,89749,89751],{},[15,89750,52529],{}," argument is useful for:",[33,89753,89754,89757,89760],{},[36,89755,89756],{},"progress messages",[36,89758,89759],{},"inline output",[36,89761,89762],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[70,89764,89766,2279,89768],{"id":89765},"print-returns-none",[15,89767,46323],{},[15,89769,3653],{},[24,89771,89772,89773,89775],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89774,46323],{}," to return the text it shows.",[24,89777,190],{},[75,89779,89781],{"className":77,"code":89780,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89782,89783,89803],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89784,89785,89787,89789,89792,89794,89796,89799,89801],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89786,2110],{"class":90},[84,89788,95],{"class":94},[84,89790,89791],{"class":98}," print",[84,89793,103],{"class":102},[84,89795,854],{"class":387},[84,89797,89798],{"class":391},"Hi",[84,89800,854],{"class":387},[84,89802,110],{"class":102},[84,89804,89805,89807,89809,89811],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89806,116],{"class":98},[84,89808,103],{"class":102},[84,89810,2145],{"class":121},[84,89812,110],{"class":102},[24,89814,265],{},[75,89816,89818],{"className":77,"code":89817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89819,89820,89825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89821,89822],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89823,89824],{"class":90},"Hi\n",[84,89826,89827],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89828,11689],{"class":659},[24,89830,89831],{},"Why does this happen?",[33,89833,89834,89842,89847],{},[36,89835,89836,89839,89840],{},[15,89837,89838],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89841,89798],{},[36,89843,89844,89845],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89846,3653],{},[36,89848,89849,89850,11801,89852],{},"so ",[15,89851,2145],{},[15,89853,3653],{},[24,89855,89856,89857,89859],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89858,46323],{}," call.",[75,89861,89863],{"className":77,"code":89862,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89864,89865,89878],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89866,89867,89870,89872,89874,89876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89868,89869],{"class":90},"message ",[84,89871,95],{"class":94},[84,89873,3230],{"class":387},[84,89875,89798],{"class":391},[84,89877,3236],{"class":387},[84,89879,89880,89882,89884,89887],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89881,116],{"class":98},[84,89883,103],{"class":102},[84,89885,89886],{"class":121},"message",[84,89888,110],{"class":102},[24,89890,89891,89892,89894,89895,89899],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89893,46323],{}," with functions like ",[419,89896,89897],{"href":8096},[15,89898,2837],{},", which do return a value.",[70,89901,89903,89904],{"id":89902},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89905,46323],{},[24,89907,89908,89909,89911],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89910,46323],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[33,89913,89914,89917,89920,89923],{},[36,89915,89916],{},"to display results to the user",[36,89918,89919],{},"to show messages in a script",[36,89921,89922],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[36,89924,89925],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[24,89927,190],{},[75,89929,89931],{"className":77,"code":89930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89932,89933,89941,89945,89965,89976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89934,89935,89937,89939],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89936,41054],{"class":90},[84,89938,95],{"class":94},[84,89940,38383],{"class":106},[84,89942,89943],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,89944,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,89946,89947,89949,89951,89953,89955,89957,89959,89961,89963],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,89948,440],{"class":470},[84,89950,6259],{"class":90},[84,89952,476],{"class":470},[84,89954,99],{"class":98},[84,89956,103],{"class":102},[84,89958,838],{"class":106},[84,89960,282],{"class":102},[84,89962,314],{"class":106},[84,89964,485],{"class":102},[84,89966,89967,89970,89973],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,89968,89969],{"class":90},"    total ",[84,89971,89972],{"class":94},"+=",[84,89974,89975],{"class":90}," number\n",[84,89977,89978,89980,89982,89984,89987,89989,89991,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,89979,490],{"class":98},[84,89981,103],{"class":102},[84,89983,854],{"class":387},[84,89985,89986],{"class":391},"Current number:",[84,89988,854],{"class":387},[84,89990,282],{"class":102},[84,89992,2077],{"class":121},[84,89994,282],{"class":102},[84,89996,3230],{"class":387},[84,89998,45436],{"class":391},[84,90000,854],{"class":387},[84,90002,282],{"class":102},[84,90004,45443],{"class":121},[84,90006,110],{"class":102},[24,90008,265],{},[75,90010,90012],{"className":77,"code":90011,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90013,90014,90030,90044],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90015,90016,90019,90021,90023,90026,90028],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90017,90018],{"class":90},"Current number",[84,90020,881],{"class":102},[84,90022,299],{"class":106},[84,90024,90025],{"class":90}," Total",[84,90027,881],{"class":102},[84,90029,884],{"class":106},[84,90031,90032,90034,90036,90038,90040,90042],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,90033,90018],{"class":90},[84,90035,881],{"class":102},[84,90037,304],{"class":106},[84,90039,90025],{"class":90},[84,90041,881],{"class":102},[84,90043,902],{"class":106},[84,90045,90046,90048,90050,90052,90054,90056],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,90047,90018],{"class":90},[84,90049,881],{"class":102},[84,90051,309],{"class":106},[84,90053,90025],{"class":90},[84,90055,881],{"class":102},[84,90057,90058],{"class":106}," 6\n",[24,90060,90061,90062,425],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[419,90063,90065],{"href":90064},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[70,90067,1434],{"id":1433},[24,90069,90070,90071,425],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90072,46323],{},[1667,90074,90076],{"id":90075},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[24,90078,90079],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[75,90081,90083],{"className":77,"code":90082,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90084,90085],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90086,90087,90089,90091,90093],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90088,116],{"class":98},[84,90090,103],{"class":102},[84,90092,34744],{"class":121},[84,90094,110],{"class":102},[24,90096,8753,90097,90099],{},[15,90098,34744],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[24,90101,10687],{},[75,90103,90105],{"className":77,"code":90104,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90106,90107],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90108,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90110,116],{"class":98},[84,90112,103],{"class":102},[84,90114,854],{"class":387},[84,90116,34744],{"class":391},[84,90118,854],{"class":387},[84,90120,110],{"class":102},[1667,90122,1442,90124,90126],{"id":90123},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90125,116],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[24,90128,90129],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[75,90131,90133],{"className":77,"code":90132,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90134,90135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90136,90137,90139,90141,90143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90138,116],{"class":98},[84,90140,3230],{"class":387},[84,90142,34744],{"class":391},[84,90144,3236],{"class":387},[24,90146,10687],{},[75,90148,90149],{"className":77,"code":90104,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,90150,90151],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90152,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90154,116],{"class":98},[84,90156,103],{"class":102},[84,90158,854],{"class":387},[84,90160,34744],{"class":391},[84,90162,854],{"class":387},[84,90164,110],{"class":102},[1667,90166,90168,90169],{"id":90167},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90170,1943],{},[24,90172,90173,90174,425],{},"This causes a ",[15,90175,2884],{},[75,90177,90178],{"className":77,"code":89266,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,90179,90180,90188],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90181,90182,90184,90186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90183,21511],{"class":90},[84,90185,95],{"class":94},[84,90187,2468],{"class":106},[84,90189,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,90191,116],{"class":98},[84,90193,103],{"class":102},[84,90195,854],{"class":387},[84,90197,89287],{"class":391},[84,90199,854],{"class":387},[84,90201,2336],{"class":94},[84,90203,9067],{"class":121},[84,90205,110],{"class":102},[24,90207,90208],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[75,90210,90212],{"className":77,"code":90211,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90213,90214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90215,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90217,116],{"class":98},[84,90219,103],{"class":102},[84,90221,854],{"class":387},[84,90223,89188],{"class":391},[84,90225,854],{"class":387},[84,90227,282],{"class":102},[84,90229,9067],{"class":121},[84,90231,110],{"class":102},[24,90233,90234],{},"Or convert the number first:",[75,90236,90238],{"className":77,"code":90237,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90239,90240],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90241,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90243,116],{"class":98},[84,90245,103],{"class":102},[84,90247,854],{"class":387},[84,90249,89287],{"class":391},[84,90251,854],{"class":387},[84,90253,2336],{"class":94},[84,90255,48772],{"class":139},[84,90257,103],{"class":102},[84,90259,9178],{"class":121},[84,90261,232],{"class":102},[24,90263,90264,90265,425],{},"If you see this error, read ",[419,90266,90268],{"href":90267},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1667,90270,8329,90272,90274],{"id":90271},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90273,46323],{}," to return a value",[24,90276,90277,90278,35207,90281,881],{},"This does not store ",[15,90279,90280],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90282,2145],{},[75,90284,90286],{"className":77,"code":90285,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90287,90288],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90289,90290,90292,90294,90296,90298,90300,90302,90304],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90291,2110],{"class":90},[84,90293,95],{"class":94},[84,90295,89791],{"class":98},[84,90297,103],{"class":102},[84,90299,854],{"class":387},[84,90301,34744],{"class":391},[84,90303,854],{"class":387},[84,90305,110],{"class":102},[24,90307,90308,90309,425],{},"It stores ",[15,90310,3653],{},[1667,90312,90314,90315,28,90317],{"id":90313},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90316,89328],{},[15,90318,52529],{},[24,90320,85674],{},[33,90322,90323,90332],{},[36,90324,90325,90327,90328,90331],{},[15,90326,89328],{}," changes what goes ",[42,90329,90330],{},"between"," multiple values",[36,90333,90334,90336,90337,90340],{},[15,90335,52529],{}," changes what appears ",[42,90338,90339],{},"after"," the output",[70,90342,90344],{"id":90343},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[24,90346,90347,90348,90350],{},"These simple ",[15,90349,46323],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[75,90352,90354],{"className":77,"code":90353,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90355,90356,90376,90391],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90357,90358,90360,90362,90364,90367,90369,90371,90374],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90359,116],{"class":98},[84,90361,103],{"class":102},[84,90363,854],{"class":387},[84,90365,90366],{"class":391},"Debug:",[84,90368,854],{"class":387},[84,90370,282],{"class":102},[84,90372,90373],{"class":121}," variable_name",[84,90375,110],{"class":102},[84,90377,90378,90380,90382,90384,90386,90389],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,90379,116],{"class":98},[84,90381,103],{"class":102},[84,90383,334],{"class":139},[84,90385,103],{"class":102},[84,90387,90388],{"class":121},"variable_name",[84,90390,232],{"class":102},[84,90392,90393,90395,90397,90399],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,90394,32029],{"class":98},[84,90396,103],{"class":102},[84,90398,116],{"class":98},[84,90400,110],{"class":102},[24,90402,90403],{},"What they do:",[33,90405,90406,90412,90418],{},[36,90407,90408,90411],{},[15,90409,90410],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[36,90413,90414,90417],{},[15,90415,90416],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[36,90419,90420,90423,90424],{},[15,90421,90422],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90425,46323],{},[70,90427,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,90429,12586,90431,90433],{"id":90430},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90432,46323],{}," add a new line automatically?",[24,90435,90436,90437,90439,90440,36493],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90438,46323],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90441,52529],{},[1667,90443,5043,90445,90447],{"id":90444},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90446,46323],{}," show more than one value?",[24,90449,90450,90451,90453],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90452,46323],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1667,90455,1753,90457,5034,90460,1689],{"id":90456},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90458,90459],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90461,3653],{},[24,90463,28938,90464,90466],{},[15,90465,46323],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1667,90468,90470],{"id":90469},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[24,90472,90473],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[75,90475,90477],{"className":77,"code":90476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90478,90479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90480,90481,90483,90485,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90482,116],{"class":98},[84,90484,103],{"class":102},[84,90486,854],{"class":387},[84,90488,89188],{"class":391},[84,90490,854],{"class":387},[84,90492,282],{"class":102},[84,90494,573],{"class":106},[84,90496,110],{"class":102},[24,90498,90499,90500,39800],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90501,47552],{},[1667,90503,5053,90505,28,90507,1689],{"id":90504},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90506,89328],{},[15,90508,52529],{},[33,90510,90511,90516],{},[36,90512,90513,90515],{},[15,90514,89328],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[36,90517,90518,90520],{},[15,90519,52529],{}," changes what appears after the output",[70,90522,1777],{"id":1776},[33,90524,90525,90529,90535,90541,90546,90551],{},[36,90526,90527],{},[419,90528,50845],{"href":50844},[36,90530,90531],{},[419,90532,13,90533,424],{"href":8096},[15,90534,2837],{},[36,90536,90537],{},[419,90538,13,90539,424],{"href":42047},[15,90540,47552],{},[36,90542,90543],{},[419,90544,90545],{"href":89554},"How to format strings in Python",[36,90547,90548],{},[419,90549,90550],{"href":90064},"How to debug Python code",[36,90552,90553],{},[419,90554,90268],{"href":90267},[1814,90556,90557],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":90559},[90560,90561,90563,90564,90570,90571,90572,90577,90583,90585,90587,90598,90599,90610],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":88732,"depth":113,"text":90562},"What print() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":88968,"depth":113,"text":88969,"children":90565},[90566,90567,90568,90569],{"id":88977,"depth":132,"text":88978},{"id":89018,"depth":132,"text":89019},{"id":89050,"depth":132,"text":89051},{"id":89077,"depth":132,"text":89078},{"id":89119,"depth":113,"text":89120},{"id":89315,"depth":113,"text":89316},{"id":89355,"depth":113,"text":90573,"children":90574},"sep argument",[90575,90576],{"id":89368,"depth":132,"text":89369},{"id":89418,"depth":132,"text":89419},{"id":89558,"depth":113,"text":90578,"children":90579},"end argument",[90580,90581,90582],{"id":89572,"depth":132,"text":89369},{"id":89625,"depth":132,"text":89626},{"id":89681,"depth":132,"text":89682},{"id":89765,"depth":113,"text":90584},"print() returns None",{"id":89902,"depth":113,"text":90586},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":90588},[90589,90590,90592,90594,90596],{"id":90075,"depth":132,"text":90076},{"id":90123,"depth":132,"text":90591},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90167,"depth":132,"text":90593},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90271,"depth":132,"text":90595},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90313,"depth":132,"text":90597},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90343,"depth":113,"text":90344},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":90600},[90601,90603,90605,90607,90608],{"id":90430,"depth":132,"text":90602},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90444,"depth":132,"text":90604},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90456,"depth":132,"text":90606},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90469,"depth":132,"text":90470},{"id":90504,"depth":132,"text":90609},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88615,"description":90611},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90618,"title":90619,"body":90620,"description":92918,"extension":1845,"meta":92919,"navigation":237,"path":421,"seo":92920,"stem":92921,"__hash__":92922},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90621,"toc":92864},[90622,90627,90632,90645,90647,90712,90722,90727,90732,90734,90756,90759,90790,90792,90809,90814,90820,90825,90874,90877,90894,90900,90905,90927,90929,90957,90963,90971,90998,91000,91025,91031,91034,91065,91067,91096,91100,91103,91108,91130,91132,91160,91166,91172,91198,91200,91224,91230,91236,91266,91268,91296,91306,91310,91316,91349,91351,91380,91383,91386,91419,91421,91429,91435,91437,91460,91465,91473,91478,91492,91494,91534,91536,91566,91570,91605,91611,91615,91659,91661,91691,91697,91700,91779,91781,91803,91811,91814,91877,91885,91960,91966,91973,91978,91983,92006,92008,92029,92031,92044,92046,92093,92095,92134,92143,92145,92149,92153,92156,92183,92186,92215,92218,92242,92245,92253,92259,92281,92283,92311,92315,92320,92375,92380,92382,92439,92446,92455,92458,92490,92492,92500,92503,92509,92511,92534,92537,92543,92546,92564,92566,92584,92587,92609,92611,92639,92643,92647,92752,92754,92767,92769,92775,92778,92786,92791,92797,92803,92808,92816,92822,92829,92831,92861],[10,90623,13,90625,3456],{"id":90624},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90626,17],{},[24,90628,32194,90629,90631],{},[15,90630,17],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[24,90633,90634,90635,90637,90638,90640,90641,90644],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90636,440],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90639,17],{}," stops ",[42,90642,90643],{},"before"," the end value.",[70,90646,1887],{"id":1886},[75,90648,90650],{"className":77,"code":90649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90651,90652,90668,90678,90682,90687,90692,90697,90702,90707],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90653,90654,90656,90658,90660,90662,90664,90666],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90655,440],{"class":470},[84,90657,473],{"class":90},[84,90659,476],{"class":470},[84,90661,99],{"class":98},[84,90663,103],{"class":102},[84,90665,107],{"class":106},[84,90667,485],{"class":102},[84,90669,90670,90672,90674,90676],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,90671,490],{"class":98},[84,90673,103],{"class":102},[84,90675,495],{"class":121},[84,90677,110],{"class":102},[84,90679,90680],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,90681,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,90683,90684],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,90685,90686],{"class":128},"# Output:\n",[84,90688,90689],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,90690,90691],{"class":128},"# 0\n",[84,90693,90694],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,90695,90696],{"class":128},"# 1\n",[84,90698,90699],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,90700,90701],{"class":128},"# 2\n",[84,90703,90704],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,90705,90706],{"class":128},"# 3\n",[84,90708,90709],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,90710,90711],{"class":128},"# 4\n",[24,90713,90714,90716,90717,90719,90720,425],{},[15,90715,57],{}," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90718,279],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90721,107],{},[70,90723,429,90725,3554],{"id":90724},"what-range-does",[15,90726,17],{},[24,90728,90729,90731],{},[15,90730,17],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[24,90733,12935],{},[33,90735,90736,90741,90746,90751],{},[36,90737,90738,90740],{},[15,90739,17],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[36,90742,90743,90744,547],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90745,440],{},[36,90747,90748,90749],{},"The stop value is ",[42,90750,64933],{},[36,90752,17304,90753,90755],{},[15,90754,225],{}," object, not a regular list",[24,90757,90758],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[75,90760,90762],{"className":77,"code":90761,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90763,90764,90780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90765,90766,90768,90770,90772,90774,90776,90778],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90767,440],{"class":470},[84,90769,6259],{"class":90},[84,90771,476],{"class":470},[84,90773,99],{"class":98},[84,90775,103],{"class":102},[84,90777,1162],{"class":106},[84,90779,485],{"class":102},[84,90781,90782,90784,90786,90788],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,90783,490],{"class":98},[84,90785,103],{"class":102},[84,90787,2120],{"class":121},[84,90789,110],{"class":102},[24,90791,265],{},[75,90793,90795],{"className":77,"code":90794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90796,90797,90801,90805],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90798,90799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90800,509],{"class":106},[84,90802,90803],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,90804,514],{"class":106},[84,90806,90807],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,90808,519],{"class":106},[24,90810,90811,90812,425],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[419,90813,35905],{"href":35904},[70,90815,90817,90819],{"id":90816},"range-syntax",[15,90818,17],{}," syntax",[24,90821,90822,90824],{},[15,90823,17],{}," has three common forms:",[75,90826,90828],{"className":77,"code":90827,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90829,90830,90840,90855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90831,90832,90834,90836,90838],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90833,225],{"class":98},[84,90835,103],{"class":102},[84,90837,75289],{"class":121},[84,90839,110],{"class":102},[84,90841,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90853],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,90843,225],{"class":98},[84,90845,103],{"class":102},[84,90847,35949],{"class":121},[84,90849,282],{"class":102},[84,90851,90852],{"class":121}," stop",[84,90854,110],{"class":102},[84,90856,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865,90867,90869,90872],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,90858,225],{"class":98},[84,90860,103],{"class":102},[84,90862,35949],{"class":121},[84,90864,282],{"class":102},[84,90866,90852],{"class":121},[84,90868,282],{"class":102},[84,90870,90871],{"class":121}," step",[84,90873,110],{"class":102},[24,90875,90876],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[33,90878,90879,90884,90889],{},[36,90880,90881,90883],{},[15,90882,35949],{}," = first number",[36,90885,90886,90888],{},[15,90887,75289],{}," = end limit, not included",[36,90890,90891,90893],{},[15,90892,75292],{}," = amount to move each time",[1667,90895,90897],{"id":90896},"rangestop",[15,90898,90899],{},"range(stop)",[24,90901,90902,90903,425],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90904,279],{},[75,90906,90907],{"className":77,"code":1380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,90908,90909],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90910,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90912,116],{"class":98},[84,90914,103],{"class":102},[84,90916,140],{"class":139},[84,90918,103],{"class":102},[84,90920,225],{"class":98},[84,90922,103],{"class":102},[84,90924,107],{"class":106},[84,90926,345],{"class":102},[24,90928,265],{},[75,90930,90931],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,90932,90933],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90934,90935,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953,90955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90936,292],{"class":102},[84,90938,279],{"class":106},[84,90940,282],{"class":102},[84,90942,299],{"class":106},[84,90944,282],{"class":102},[84,90946,304],{"class":106},[84,90948,282],{"class":102},[84,90950,309],{"class":106},[84,90952,282],{"class":102},[84,90954,314],{"class":106},[84,90956,317],{"class":102},[1667,90958,90960],{"id":90959},"rangestart-stop",[15,90961,90962],{},"range(start, stop)",[24,90964,90965,90966,90968,90969,425],{},"This starts at ",[15,90967,35949],{}," and stops before ",[15,90970,75289],{},[75,90972,90974],{"className":77,"code":90973,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90975,90976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90977,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90979,116],{"class":98},[84,90981,103],{"class":102},[84,90983,140],{"class":139},[84,90985,103],{"class":102},[84,90987,225],{"class":98},[84,90989,103],{"class":102},[84,90991,568],{"class":106},[84,90993,282],{"class":102},[84,90995,843],{"class":106},[84,90997,345],{"class":102},[24,90999,265],{},[75,91001,91003],{"className":77,"code":91002,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91004,91005],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91006,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91008,292],{"class":102},[84,91010,568],{"class":106},[84,91012,282],{"class":102},[84,91014,309],{"class":106},[84,91016,282],{"class":102},[84,91018,314],{"class":106},[84,91020,282],{"class":102},[84,91022,285],{"class":106},[84,91024,317],{"class":102},[1667,91026,91028],{"id":91027},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91029,91030],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[24,91032,91033],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[75,91035,91037],{"className":77,"code":91036,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91038,91039],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91040,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91042,116],{"class":98},[84,91044,103],{"class":102},[84,91046,140],{"class":139},[84,91048,103],{"class":102},[84,91050,225],{"class":98},[84,91052,103],{"class":102},[84,91054,838],{"class":106},[84,91056,282],{"class":102},[84,91058,573],{"class":106},[84,91060,282],{"class":102},[84,91062,304],{"class":106},[84,91064,345],{"class":102},[24,91066,265],{},[75,91068,91070],{"className":77,"code":91069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91071,91072],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91073,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91075,292],{"class":102},[84,91077,838],{"class":106},[84,91079,282],{"class":102},[84,91081,309],{"class":106},[84,91083,282],{"class":102},[84,91085,285],{"class":106},[84,91087,282],{"class":102},[84,91089,5867],{"class":106},[84,91091,282],{"class":102},[84,91093,54004],{"class":106},[84,91095,317],{"class":102},[70,91097,91099],{"id":91098},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[24,91101,91102],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1667,91104,91106],{"id":91105},"range5",[15,91107,57],{},[75,91109,91110],{"className":77,"code":1380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91111,91112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91113,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91115,116],{"class":98},[84,91117,103],{"class":102},[84,91119,140],{"class":139},[84,91121,103],{"class":102},[84,91123,225],{"class":98},[84,91125,103],{"class":102},[84,91127,107],{"class":106},[84,91129,345],{"class":102},[24,91131,265],{},[75,91133,91134],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91135,91136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91137,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91139,292],{"class":102},[84,91141,279],{"class":106},[84,91143,282],{"class":102},[84,91145,299],{"class":106},[84,91147,282],{"class":102},[84,91149,304],{"class":106},[84,91151,282],{"class":102},[84,91153,309],{"class":106},[84,91155,282],{"class":102},[84,91157,314],{"class":106},[84,91159,317],{"class":102},[24,91161,90965,91162,90968,91164,425],{},[15,91163,279],{},[15,91165,107],{},[1667,91167,91169],{"id":91168},"range2-6",[15,91170,91171],{},"range(2, 6)",[75,91173,91174],{"className":77,"code":90973,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91175,91176],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91177,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91179,116],{"class":98},[84,91181,103],{"class":102},[84,91183,140],{"class":139},[84,91185,103],{"class":102},[84,91187,225],{"class":98},[84,91189,103],{"class":102},[84,91191,568],{"class":106},[84,91193,282],{"class":102},[84,91195,843],{"class":106},[84,91197,345],{"class":102},[24,91199,265],{},[75,91201,91202],{"className":77,"code":91002,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91203,91204],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91205,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91207,292],{"class":102},[84,91209,568],{"class":106},[84,91211,282],{"class":102},[84,91213,309],{"class":106},[84,91215,282],{"class":102},[84,91217,314],{"class":106},[84,91219,282],{"class":102},[84,91221,285],{"class":106},[84,91223,317],{"class":102},[24,91225,90965,91226,90968,91228,425],{},[15,91227,568],{},[15,91229,617],{},[1667,91231,91233],{"id":91232},"range1-10-2",[15,91234,91235],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[75,91237,91238],{"className":77,"code":91036,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91239,91240],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91241,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91243,116],{"class":98},[84,91245,103],{"class":102},[84,91247,140],{"class":139},[84,91249,103],{"class":102},[84,91251,225],{"class":98},[84,91253,103],{"class":102},[84,91255,838],{"class":106},[84,91257,282],{"class":102},[84,91259,573],{"class":106},[84,91261,282],{"class":102},[84,91263,304],{"class":106},[84,91265,345],{"class":102},[24,91267,265],{},[75,91269,91270],{"className":77,"code":91069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91271,91272],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91273,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91275,292],{"class":102},[84,91277,838],{"class":106},[84,91279,282],{"class":102},[84,91281,309],{"class":106},[84,91283,282],{"class":102},[84,91285,285],{"class":106},[84,91287,282],{"class":102},[84,91289,5867],{"class":106},[84,91291,282],{"class":102},[84,91293,54004],{"class":106},[84,91295,317],{"class":102},[24,91297,91298,91299,91301,91302,61167,91304,425],{},"This moves by ",[15,91300,568],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91303,838],{},[15,91305,2024],{},[1667,91307,91309],{"id":91308},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[24,91311,91312,91313,91315],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91314,17],{}," count backward.",[75,91317,91319],{"className":77,"code":91318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91320,91321],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91322,91323,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91324,116],{"class":98},[84,91326,103],{"class":102},[84,91328,140],{"class":139},[84,91330,103],{"class":102},[84,91332,225],{"class":98},[84,91334,103],{"class":102},[84,91336,107],{"class":106},[84,91338,282],{"class":102},[84,91340,3709],{"class":106},[84,91342,282],{"class":102},[84,91344,2102],{"class":94},[84,91346,838],{"class":106},[84,91348,345],{"class":102},[24,91350,265],{},[75,91352,91354],{"className":77,"code":91353,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91355,91356],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91357,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91359,292],{"class":102},[84,91361,107],{"class":106},[84,91363,282],{"class":102},[84,91365,314],{"class":106},[84,91367,282],{"class":102},[84,91369,309],{"class":106},[84,91371,282],{"class":102},[84,91373,304],{"class":106},[84,91375,282],{"class":102},[84,91377,299],{"class":106},[84,91379,317],{"class":102},[24,91381,91382],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[24,91384,91385],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[75,91387,91389],{"className":77,"code":91388,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91390,91391],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91392,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91394,116],{"class":98},[84,91396,103],{"class":102},[84,91398,140],{"class":139},[84,91400,103],{"class":102},[84,91402,225],{"class":98},[84,91404,103],{"class":102},[84,91406,838],{"class":106},[84,91408,282],{"class":102},[84,91410,285],{"class":106},[84,91412,282],{"class":102},[84,91414,2102],{"class":94},[84,91416,838],{"class":106},[84,91418,345],{"class":102},[24,91420,265],{},[75,91422,91423],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91424,91425],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91426,91427],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91428,38167],{"class":102},[1667,91430,91431,76452,91433],{"id":76676},[15,91432,75292],{},[15,91434,279],{},[24,91436,2717],{},[75,91438,91440],{"className":77,"code":91439,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91441,91442],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91443,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91445,225],{"class":98},[84,91447,103],{"class":102},[84,91449,838],{"class":106},[84,91451,282],{"class":102},[84,91453,285],{"class":106},[84,91455,282],{"class":102},[84,91457,3709],{"class":106},[84,91459,110],{"class":102},[24,91461,76721,91462,91464],{},[15,91463,40575],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[70,91466,1442,91468,91470,91471,807],{"id":91467},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91469,17],{}," in a ",[15,91472,440],{},[24,91474,91475,91477],{},[15,91476,17],{}," is most useful when:",[33,91479,91480,91483,91486],{},[36,91481,91482],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[36,91484,91485],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[36,91487,91488,91489],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91490,91491],{},"for i in range(n)",[24,91493,190],{},[75,91495,91497],{"className":77,"code":91496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91498,91499,91515],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91500,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91502,440],{"class":470},[84,91504,473],{"class":90},[84,91506,476],{"class":470},[84,91508,99],{"class":98},[84,91510,103],{"class":102},[84,91512,1162],{"class":106},[84,91514,485],{"class":102},[84,91516,91517,91519,91521,91523,91526,91528,91530,91532],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91518,490],{"class":98},[84,91520,103],{"class":102},[84,91522,854],{"class":387},[84,91524,91525],{"class":391},"Loop number:",[84,91527,854],{"class":387},[84,91529,282],{"class":102},[84,91531,864],{"class":121},[84,91533,110],{"class":102},[24,91535,265],{},[75,91537,91539],{"className":77,"code":91538,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91540,91541,91550,91558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91542,91543,91546,91548],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91544,91545],{"class":90},"Loop number",[84,91547,881],{"class":102},[84,91549,38383],{"class":106},[84,91551,91552,91554,91556],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91553,91545],{"class":90},[84,91555,881],{"class":102},[84,91557,884],{"class":106},[84,91559,91560,91562,91564],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,91561,91545],{"class":90},[84,91563,881],{"class":102},[84,91565,893],{"class":106},[1667,91567,91569],{"id":91568},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[75,91571,91573],{"className":77,"code":91572,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91574,91575,91591],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91576,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587,91589],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91578,440],{"class":470},[84,91580,473],{"class":90},[84,91582,476],{"class":470},[84,91584,99],{"class":98},[84,91586,103],{"class":102},[84,91588,107],{"class":106},[84,91590,485],{"class":102},[84,91592,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91594,490],{"class":98},[84,91596,103],{"class":102},[84,91598,854],{"class":387},[84,91600,34744],{"class":391},[84,91602,854],{"class":387},[84,91604,110],{"class":102},[24,91606,91607,91608,91610],{},"This prints ",[15,91609,90280],{}," five times.",[1667,91612,91614],{"id":91613},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[75,91616,91618],{"className":77,"code":91617,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91619,91620,91640],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91621,91622,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91623,440],{"class":470},[84,91625,473],{"class":90},[84,91627,476],{"class":470},[84,91629,99],{"class":98},[84,91631,103],{"class":102},[84,91633,838],{"class":106},[84,91635,282],{"class":102},[84,91637,314],{"class":106},[84,91639,485],{"class":102},[84,91641,91642,91644,91646,91648,91651,91653,91655,91657],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91643,490],{"class":98},[84,91645,103],{"class":102},[84,91647,854],{"class":387},[84,91649,91650],{"class":391},"Current number is",[84,91652,854],{"class":387},[84,91654,282],{"class":102},[84,91656,864],{"class":121},[84,91658,110],{"class":102},[24,91660,265],{},[75,91662,91664],{"className":77,"code":91663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91665,91666,91675,91683],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91667,91668,91671,91673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91669,91670],{"class":90},"Current number ",[84,91672,12075],{"class":94},[84,91674,884],{"class":106},[84,91676,91677,91679,91681],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91678,91670],{"class":90},[84,91680,12075],{"class":94},[84,91682,893],{"class":106},[84,91684,91685,91687,91689],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,91686,91670],{"class":90},[84,91688,12075],{"class":94},[84,91690,902],{"class":106},[1667,91692,91694,91696],{"id":91693},"range-and-indexing",[15,91695,17],{}," and indexing",[24,91698,91699],{},"You may see code like this:",[75,91701,91703],{"className":77,"code":91702,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91704,91705,91737,91741,91761],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91706,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91708,7656],{"class":90},[84,91710,95],{"class":94},[84,91712,3498],{"class":102},[84,91714,854],{"class":387},[84,91716,419],{"class":391},[84,91718,854],{"class":387},[84,91720,282],{"class":102},[84,91722,3230],{"class":387},[84,91724,4634],{"class":391},[84,91726,854],{"class":387},[84,91728,282],{"class":102},[84,91730,3230],{"class":387},[84,91732,9619],{"class":391},[84,91734,854],{"class":387},[84,91736,317],{"class":102},[84,91738,91739],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91740,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,91742,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,91744,440],{"class":470},[84,91746,473],{"class":90},[84,91748,476],{"class":470},[84,91750,99],{"class":98},[84,91752,103],{"class":102},[84,91754,602],{"class":98},[84,91756,103],{"class":102},[84,91758,7687],{"class":121},[84,91760,69426],{"class":102},[84,91762,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,91764,490],{"class":98},[84,91766,103],{"class":102},[84,91768,495],{"class":121},[84,91770,282],{"class":102},[84,91772,5839],{"class":121},[84,91774,292],{"class":102},[84,91776,495],{"class":121},[84,91778,741],{"class":102},[24,91780,265],{},[75,91782,91783],{"className":77,"code":36041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91784,91785,91791,91797],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91786,91787,91789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91788,279],{"class":106},[84,91790,36050],{"class":90},[84,91792,91793,91795],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91794,838],{"class":106},[84,91796,36057],{"class":90},[84,91798,91799,91801],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,91800,568],{"class":106},[84,91802,36064],{"class":90},[24,91804,91805,91806,91810],{},"This works, and it uses ",[419,91807,91808],{"href":42230},[15,91809,1085],{}," to get the number of items.",[24,91812,91813],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[75,91815,91817],{"className":77,"code":91816,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91818,91819,91851,91855,91867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91820,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91822,7656],{"class":90},[84,91824,95],{"class":94},[84,91826,3498],{"class":102},[84,91828,854],{"class":387},[84,91830,419],{"class":391},[84,91832,854],{"class":387},[84,91834,282],{"class":102},[84,91836,3230],{"class":387},[84,91838,4634],{"class":391},[84,91840,854],{"class":387},[84,91842,282],{"class":102},[84,91844,3230],{"class":387},[84,91846,9619],{"class":391},[84,91848,854],{"class":387},[84,91850,317],{"class":102},[84,91852,91853],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91854,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,91858,440],{"class":470},[84,91860,5834],{"class":90},[84,91862,476],{"class":470},[84,91864,5839],{"class":90},[84,91866,6266],{"class":102},[84,91868,91869,91871,91873,91875],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,91870,490],{"class":98},[84,91872,103],{"class":102},[84,91874,23191],{"class":121},[84,91876,110],{"class":102},[24,91878,36467,91879,91884],{},[419,91880,91882],{"href":91881},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91883,929],{}," is usually a better choice:",[75,91886,91888],{"className":77,"code":91887,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91889,91890,91922,91926,91946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91891,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91893,7656],{"class":90},[84,91895,95],{"class":94},[84,91897,3498],{"class":102},[84,91899,854],{"class":387},[84,91901,419],{"class":391},[84,91903,854],{"class":387},[84,91905,282],{"class":102},[84,91907,3230],{"class":387},[84,91909,4634],{"class":391},[84,91911,854],{"class":387},[84,91913,282],{"class":102},[84,91915,3230],{"class":387},[84,91917,9619],{"class":391},[84,91919,854],{"class":387},[84,91921,317],{"class":102},[84,91923,91924],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,91925,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,91927,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,91929,440],{"class":470},[84,91931,35697],{"class":90},[84,91933,282],{"class":102},[84,91935,5834],{"class":90},[84,91937,476],{"class":470},[84,91939,35707],{"class":98},[84,91941,103],{"class":102},[84,91943,7687],{"class":121},[84,91945,485],{"class":102},[84,91947,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,91949,490],{"class":98},[84,91951,103],{"class":102},[84,91953,35722],{"class":121},[84,91955,282],{"class":102},[84,91957,29384],{"class":121},[84,91959,110],{"class":102},[24,91961,78981,91962,425],{},[419,91963,938,91964,941],{"href":36478},[15,91965,929],{},[70,91967,91969,91970,91972],{"id":91968},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91971,17],{}," to a list",[24,91974,91975,91977],{},[15,91976,17],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[24,91979,91980,91981,881],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91982,788],{},[75,91984,91986],{"className":77,"code":91985,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91987,91988],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91989,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91991,116],{"class":98},[84,91993,103],{"class":102},[84,91995,140],{"class":139},[84,91997,103],{"class":102},[84,91999,225],{"class":98},[84,92001,103],{"class":102},[84,92003,1162],{"class":106},[84,92005,345],{"class":102},[24,92007,265],{},[75,92009,92011],{"className":77,"code":92010,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92012,92013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92014,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92016,292],{"class":102},[84,92018,279],{"class":106},[84,92020,282],{"class":102},[84,92022,299],{"class":106},[84,92024,282],{"class":102},[84,92026,304],{"class":106},[84,92028,317],{"class":102},[24,92030,33189],{},[33,92032,92033,92038,92041],{},[36,92034,92035,92036,41957],{},"learning how ",[15,92037,17],{},[36,92039,92040],{},"checking your values",[36,92042,92043],{},"debugging code",[24,92045,5346],{},[75,92047,92049],{"className":77,"code":92048,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92050,92051,92065,92069,92079],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92052,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92054,91],{"class":90},[84,92056,95],{"class":94},[84,92058,99],{"class":98},[84,92060,103],{"class":102},[84,92062,2386],{"class":106},[84,92064,110],{"class":102},[84,92066,92067],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,92068,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,92070,92071,92073,92075,92077],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,92072,116],{"class":98},[84,92074,103],{"class":102},[84,92076,122],{"class":121},[84,92078,110],{"class":102},[84,92080,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,92082,116],{"class":98},[84,92084,103],{"class":102},[84,92086,140],{"class":139},[84,92088,103],{"class":102},[84,92090,122],{"class":121},[84,92092,232],{"class":102},[24,92094,265],{},[75,92096,92098],{"className":77,"code":92097,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92099,92100,92114],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92101,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92103,225],{"class":98},[84,92105,103],{"class":102},[84,92107,279],{"class":106},[84,92109,282],{"class":102},[84,92111,314],{"class":106},[84,92113,110],{"class":102},[84,92115,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,92117,292],{"class":102},[84,92119,279],{"class":106},[84,92121,282],{"class":102},[84,92123,299],{"class":106},[84,92125,282],{"class":102},[84,92127,304],{"class":106},[84,92129,282],{"class":102},[84,92131,309],{"class":106},[84,92133,317],{"class":102},[24,92135,92136,92137,18,92139,92142],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92138,225],{},[15,92140,92141],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[70,92144,4393],{"id":4392},[24,92146,33418,92147,425],{},[15,92148,17],{},[1667,92150,92152],{"id":92151},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[24,92154,92155],{},"Many beginners think this:",[75,92157,92159],{"className":77,"code":92158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92160,92161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92162,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92164,116],{"class":98},[84,92166,103],{"class":102},[84,92168,140],{"class":139},[84,92170,103],{"class":102},[84,92172,225],{"class":98},[84,92174,103],{"class":102},[84,92176,838],{"class":106},[84,92178,282],{"class":102},[84,92180,285],{"class":106},[84,92182,345],{"class":102},[24,92184,92185],{},"will produce:",[75,92187,92189],{"className":77,"code":92188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92190,92191],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92192,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92194,292],{"class":102},[84,92196,838],{"class":106},[84,92198,282],{"class":102},[84,92200,304],{"class":106},[84,92202,282],{"class":102},[84,92204,309],{"class":106},[84,92206,282],{"class":102},[84,92208,314],{"class":106},[84,92210,282],{"class":102},[84,92212,285],{"class":106},[84,92214,317],{"class":102},[24,92216,92217],{},"But the real output is:",[75,92219,92220],{"className":77,"code":53374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92221,92222],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92223,92224,92226,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92225,292],{"class":102},[84,92227,838],{"class":106},[84,92229,282],{"class":102},[84,92231,304],{"class":106},[84,92233,282],{"class":102},[84,92235,309],{"class":106},[84,92237,282],{"class":102},[84,92239,314],{"class":106},[84,92241,317],{"class":102},[24,92243,92244],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1667,92246,4454,92248,92250,92251],{"id":92247},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92249,57],{}," starts at ",[15,92252,838],{},[24,92254,37340,92255,18847,92257,425],{},[15,92256,279],{},[15,92258,838],{},[75,92260,92261],{"className":77,"code":1380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92262,92263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92264,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92266,116],{"class":98},[84,92268,103],{"class":102},[84,92270,140],{"class":139},[84,92272,103],{"class":102},[84,92274,225],{"class":98},[84,92276,103],{"class":102},[84,92278,107],{"class":106},[84,92280,345],{"class":102},[24,92282,265],{},[75,92284,92285],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92286,92287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92288,92289,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92290,292],{"class":102},[84,92292,279],{"class":106},[84,92294,282],{"class":102},[84,92296,299],{"class":106},[84,92298,282],{"class":102},[84,92300,304],{"class":106},[84,92302,282],{"class":102},[84,92304,309],{"class":106},[84,92306,282],{"class":102},[84,92308,314],{"class":106},[84,92310,317],{"class":102},[1667,92312,92314],{"id":92313},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[24,92316,92317,92318,881],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92319,2837],{},[75,92321,92323],{"className":77,"code":92322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92324,92325,92344,92348,92365],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92326,92327,92330,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92328,92329],{"class":90},"user_number ",[84,92331,95],{"class":94},[84,92333,8119],{"class":98},[84,92335,103],{"class":102},[84,92337,854],{"class":387},[84,92339,41743],{"class":391},[84,92341,854],{"class":387},[84,92343,110],{"class":102},[84,92345,92346],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,92347,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,92349,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92363],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,92351,440],{"class":470},[84,92353,473],{"class":90},[84,92355,476],{"class":470},[84,92357,99],{"class":98},[84,92359,103],{"class":102},[84,92361,92362],{"class":121},"user_number",[84,92364,485],{"class":102},[84,92366,92367,92369,92371,92373],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,92368,490],{"class":98},[84,92370,103],{"class":102},[84,92372,495],{"class":121},[84,92374,110],{"class":102},[24,92376,48379,92377,92379],{},[15,92378,2837],{}," returns a string.",[24,92381,10687],{},[75,92383,92385],{"className":77,"code":92384,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92386,92387,92409,92413,92429],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92388,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92390,92329],{"class":90},[84,92392,95],{"class":94},[84,92394,45149],{"class":139},[84,92396,103],{"class":102},[84,92398,42334],{"class":98},[84,92400,103],{"class":102},[84,92402,854],{"class":387},[84,92404,41743],{"class":391},[84,92406,854],{"class":387},[84,92408,232],{"class":102},[84,92410,92411],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,92412,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,92414,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,92416,440],{"class":470},[84,92418,473],{"class":90},[84,92420,476],{"class":470},[84,92422,99],{"class":98},[84,92424,103],{"class":102},[84,92426,92362],{"class":121},[84,92428,485],{"class":102},[84,92430,92431,92433,92435,92437],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,92432,490],{"class":98},[84,92434,103],{"class":102},[84,92436,495],{"class":121},[84,92438,110],{"class":102},[24,92440,92441,92442,425],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[419,92443,50392,92444],{"href":50391},[15,92445,50395],{},[1667,92447,92449,92450,92452,92453],{"id":92448},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92451,35949],{}," smaller than ",[15,92454,75289],{},[24,92456,92457],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[75,92459,92460],{"className":77,"code":91388,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92461,92462],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92463,92464,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92465,116],{"class":98},[84,92467,103],{"class":102},[84,92469,140],{"class":139},[84,92471,103],{"class":102},[84,92473,225],{"class":98},[84,92475,103],{"class":102},[84,92477,838],{"class":106},[84,92479,282],{"class":102},[84,92481,285],{"class":106},[84,92483,282],{"class":102},[84,92485,2102],{"class":94},[84,92487,838],{"class":106},[84,92489,345],{"class":102},[24,92491,265],{},[75,92493,92494],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92495,92496],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92497,92498],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92499,38167],{"class":102},[24,92501,92502],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1667,92504,25495,92506],{"id":92505},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92507,92508],{},"step = 0",[24,92510,77432],{},[75,92512,92514],{"className":77,"code":92513,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92515,92516],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92517,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92519,225],{"class":98},[84,92521,103],{"class":102},[84,92523,838],{"class":106},[84,92525,282],{"class":102},[84,92527,573],{"class":106},[84,92529,282],{"class":102},[84,92531,3709],{"class":106},[84,92533,110],{"class":102},[24,92535,92536],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1667,92538,4577,92540,92542],{"id":92539},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92541,17],{}," is not a list",[24,92544,92545],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[75,92547,92548],{"className":77,"code":1291,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92549,92550],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92551,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92553,116],{"class":98},[84,92555,103],{"class":102},[84,92557,225],{"class":98},[84,92559,103],{"class":102},[84,92561,107],{"class":106},[84,92563,232],{"class":102},[24,92565,265],{},[75,92567,92568],{"className":77,"code":1345,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92569,92570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92571,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92573,225],{"class":98},[84,92575,103],{"class":102},[84,92577,279],{"class":106},[84,92579,282],{"class":102},[84,92581,285],{"class":106},[84,92583,110],{"class":102},[24,92585,92586],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[75,92588,92589],{"className":77,"code":1380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92590,92591],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92592,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92594,116],{"class":98},[84,92596,103],{"class":102},[84,92598,140],{"class":139},[84,92600,103],{"class":102},[84,92602,225],{"class":98},[84,92604,103],{"class":102},[84,92606,107],{"class":106},[84,92608,345],{"class":102},[24,92610,265],{},[75,92612,92613],{"className":77,"code":1313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92614,92615],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92616,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635,92637],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92618,292],{"class":102},[84,92620,279],{"class":106},[84,92622,282],{"class":102},[84,92624,299],{"class":106},[84,92626,282],{"class":102},[84,92628,304],{"class":106},[84,92630,282],{"class":102},[84,92632,309],{"class":106},[84,92634,282],{"class":102},[84,92636,314],{"class":106},[84,92638,317],{"class":102},[70,92640,92642],{"id":92641},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[24,92644,8753,92645,82202],{},[15,92646,17],{},[75,92648,92650],{"className":77,"code":92649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92651,92652,92666,92684,92706,92734],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92653,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92655,116],{"class":98},[84,92657,103],{"class":102},[84,92659,225],{"class":98},[84,92661,103],{"class":102},[84,92663,107],{"class":106},[84,92665,232],{"class":102},[84,92667,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,92669,116],{"class":98},[84,92671,103],{"class":102},[84,92673,140],{"class":139},[84,92675,103],{"class":102},[84,92677,225],{"class":98},[84,92679,103],{"class":102},[84,92681,107],{"class":106},[84,92683,345],{"class":102},[84,92685,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,92687,116],{"class":98},[84,92689,103],{"class":102},[84,92691,140],{"class":139},[84,92693,103],{"class":102},[84,92695,225],{"class":98},[84,92697,103],{"class":102},[84,92699,568],{"class":106},[84,92701,282],{"class":102},[84,92703,6232],{"class":106},[84,92705,345],{"class":102},[84,92707,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,92709,116],{"class":98},[84,92711,103],{"class":102},[84,92713,140],{"class":139},[84,92715,103],{"class":102},[84,92717,225],{"class":98},[84,92719,103],{"class":102},[84,92721,2212],{"class":106},[84,92723,282],{"class":102},[84,92725,3709],{"class":106},[84,92727,282],{"class":102},[84,92729,2102],{"class":94},[84,92731,568],{"class":106},[84,92733,345],{"class":102},[84,92735,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,92737,116],{"class":98},[84,92739,103],{"class":102},[84,92741,334],{"class":139},[84,92743,103],{"class":102},[84,92745,225],{"class":98},[84,92747,103],{"class":102},[84,92749,107],{"class":106},[84,92751,345],{"class":102},[24,92753,25885],{},[33,92755,92756,92759,92762],{},[36,92757,92758],{},"what values are being created",[36,92760,92761],{},"whether the direction is correct",[36,92763,92764,92765,1247],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92766,225],{},[70,92768,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,92770,12586,92772,92774],{"id":92771},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92773,17],{}," include the last number?",[24,92776,92777],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1667,92779,1753,92781,92783,92784,1689],{"id":92780},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92782,57],{}," start at ",[15,92785,279],{},[24,92787,92788,92789,425],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92790,279],{},[1667,92792,5043,92794,92796],{"id":92793},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92795,17],{}," count backward?",[24,92798,92799,92800,425],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92801,92802],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1667,92804,1670,92806,25920],{"id":92805},"is-range-a-list",[15,92807,17],{},[24,92809,25923,92810,92812,92813,23818],{},[15,92811,225],{}," object. Use ",[15,92814,92815],{},"list(range(...))",[1667,92817,1753,92819,48552],{"id":92818},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92820,92821],{},"range(input())",[24,92823,92824,3362,92826,425],{},[15,92825,2837],{},[15,92827,92828],{},"int(input())",[70,92830,1777],{"id":1776},[33,92832,92833,92837,92843,92849,92855],{},[36,92834,92835],{},[419,92836,35905],{"href":35904},[36,92838,92839],{},[419,92840,13,92841,424],{"href":42230},[15,92842,1085],{},[36,92844,92845],{},[419,92846,13,92847,424],{"href":91881},[15,92848,929],{},[36,92850,92851],{},[419,92852,1803,92853,941],{"href":36478},[15,92854,929],{},[36,92856,92857],{},[419,92858,50392,92859],{"href":50391},[15,92860,50395],{},[1814,92862,92863],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":92865},[92866,92867,92869,92875,92883,92890,92892,92904,92905,92917],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":90724,"depth":113,"text":92868},"What range() does",{"id":90816,"depth":113,"text":92870,"children":92871},"range() syntax",[92872,92873,92874],{"id":90896,"depth":132,"text":90899},{"id":90959,"depth":132,"text":90962},{"id":91027,"depth":132,"text":91030},{"id":91098,"depth":113,"text":91099,"children":92876},[92877,92878,92879,92880,92881],{"id":91105,"depth":132,"text":57},{"id":91168,"depth":132,"text":91171},{"id":91232,"depth":132,"text":91235},{"id":91308,"depth":132,"text":91309},{"id":76676,"depth":132,"text":92882},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91467,"depth":113,"text":92884,"children":92885},"Using range() in a for loop",[92886,92887,92888],{"id":91568,"depth":132,"text":91569},{"id":91613,"depth":132,"text":91614},{"id":91693,"depth":132,"text":92889},"range() and indexing",{"id":91968,"depth":113,"text":92891},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":92893},[92894,92895,92897,92898,92900,92902],{"id":92151,"depth":132,"text":92152},{"id":92247,"depth":132,"text":92896},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92313,"depth":132,"text":92314},{"id":92448,"depth":132,"text":92899},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92505,"depth":132,"text":92901},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92539,"depth":132,"text":92903},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92641,"depth":113,"text":92642},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":92906},[92907,92909,92911,92913,92915],{"id":92771,"depth":132,"text":92908},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92780,"depth":132,"text":92910},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92793,"depth":132,"text":92912},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92805,"depth":132,"text":92914},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92818,"depth":132,"text":92916},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94451,"toc":95852},[94452,94458,94463,94466,94480,94483,94485,94524,94526,94539,94547,94552,94568,94571,94573,94575,94596,94613,94616,94675,94677,94696,94701,94707,94710,94744,94746,94759,94762,94807,94809,94832,94839,94845,94848,94889,94891,94905,94908,94966,94968,94983,94996,95002,95008,95073,95075,95094,95096,95114,95117,95121,95127,95129,95162,95164,95177,95187,95190,95251,95253,95274,95277,95279,95295,95300,95304,95309,95314,95370,95372,95390,95393,95438,95440,95448,95453,95457,95471,95473,95505,95507,95516,95518,95522,95531,95534,95566,95568,95580,95583,95587,95592,95633,95635,95643,95646,95669,95673,95675,95684,95687,95740,95742,95751,95755,95760,95771,95773,95782,95785,95791,95794,95800,95810,95818,95825,95827,95849],[10,94453,13,94455,3456],{"id":94454},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94456,94457],{},"round()",[24,94459,9001,94460,94462],{},[15,94461,94457],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[24,94464,94465],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[33,94467,94468,94474],{},[36,94469,94470,94473],{},[15,94471,94472],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[36,94475,94476,94479],{},[15,94477,94478],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[24,94481,94482],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[70,94484,1887],{"id":1886},[75,94486,94488],{"className":77,"code":94487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94489,94490,94506],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94491,94492,94494,94496,94499,94501,94504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94493,116],{"class":98},[84,94495,103],{"class":102},[84,94497,94498],{"class":98},"round",[84,94500,103],{"class":102},[84,94502,94503],{"class":106},"3.14159",[84,94505,232],{"class":102},[84,94507,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94509,116],{"class":98},[84,94511,103],{"class":102},[84,94513,94498],{"class":98},[84,94515,103],{"class":102},[84,94517,94503],{"class":106},[84,94519,282],{"class":102},[84,94521,304],{"class":106},[84,94523,232],{"class":102},[24,94525,265],{},[75,94527,94529],{"className":77,"code":94528,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94530,94531,94535],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94532,94533],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94534,524],{"class":106},[84,94536,94537],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94538,40048],{"class":106},[24,94540,153,94541,94543,94544,94546],{},[15,94542,94472],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94545,94478],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[70,94548,429,94550,3554],{"id":94549},"what-round-does",[15,94551,94457],{},[33,94553,94554,94559,94562,94565],{},[36,94555,94556,94558],{},[15,94557,94457],{}," is a built-in Python function",[36,94560,94561],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[36,94563,94564],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[36,94566,94567],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[24,94569,94570],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[70,94572,2038],{"id":2037},[24,94574,2041],{},[75,94576,94578],{"className":77,"code":94577,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94579,94580],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94581,94582,94584,94586,94588,94591,94594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94583,94498],{"class":98},[84,94585,103],{"class":102},[84,94587,2120],{"class":121},[84,94589,94590],{"class":102},"[,",[84,94592,94593],{"class":121}," ndigits",[84,94595,741],{"class":102},[33,94597,94598,94603,94608],{},[36,94599,94600,94602],{},[15,94601,2120],{}," is the value to round",[36,94604,94605,19923],{},[15,94606,94607],{},"ndigits",[36,94609,94610,94612],{},[15,94611,94607],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[24,94614,94615],{},"Basic examples:",[75,94617,94619],{"className":77,"code":94618,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94620,94621,94636,94654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94622,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631,94634],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94624,116],{"class":98},[84,94626,103],{"class":102},[84,94628,94498],{"class":98},[84,94630,103],{"class":102},[84,94632,94633],{"class":106},"7.8",[84,94635,232],{"class":102},[84,94637,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94639,116],{"class":98},[84,94641,103],{"class":102},[84,94643,94498],{"class":98},[84,94645,103],{"class":102},[84,94647,94633],{"class":106},[84,94649,282],{"class":102},[84,94651,299],{"class":106},[84,94653,232],{"class":102},[84,94655,94656,94658,94660,94662,94664,94667,94669,94671,94673],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,94657,116],{"class":98},[84,94659,103],{"class":102},[84,94661,94498],{"class":98},[84,94663,103],{"class":102},[84,94665,94666],{"class":106},"1234",[84,94668,282],{"class":102},[84,94670,2102],{"class":94},[84,94672,568],{"class":106},[84,94674,232],{"class":102},[24,94676,265],{},[75,94678,94680],{"className":77,"code":94679,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94681,94682,94686,94691],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94683,94684],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94685,2263],{"class":106},[84,94687,94688],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94689,94690],{"class":106},"7.8\n",[84,94692,94693],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,94694,94695],{"class":106},"1200\n",[24,94697,94698,94699,425],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[419,94700,2302],{"href":2301},[70,94702,1442,94704,94706],{"id":94703},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94705,94457],{}," with one argument",[24,94708,94709],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[75,94711,94713],{"className":77,"code":94712,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94714,94715,94729],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94718,116],{"class":98},[84,94720,103],{"class":102},[84,94722,94498],{"class":98},[84,94724,103],{"class":102},[84,94726,2244],{"class":106},[84,94728,232],{"class":102},[84,94730,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94742],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94732,116],{"class":98},[84,94734,103],{"class":102},[84,94736,94498],{"class":98},[84,94738,103],{"class":102},[84,94740,94741],{"class":106},"4.8",[84,94743,232],{"class":102},[24,94745,265],{},[75,94747,94749],{"className":77,"code":94748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4\n5\n",[15,94750,94751,94755],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94752,94753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94754,529],{"class":106},[84,94756,94757],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94758,1184],{"class":106},[24,94760,94761],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[75,94763,94765],{"className":77,"code":94764,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94766,94767,94783,94793],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94768,94769,94771,94773,94776,94778,94781],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94770,2110],{"class":90},[84,94772,95],{"class":94},[84,94774,94775],{"class":98}," round",[84,94777,103],{"class":102},[84,94779,94780],{"class":106},"10.2",[84,94782,110],{"class":102},[84,94784,94785,94787,94789,94791],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94786,116],{"class":98},[84,94788,103],{"class":102},[84,94790,2145],{"class":121},[84,94792,110],{"class":102},[84,94794,94795,94797,94799,94801,94803,94805],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,94796,116],{"class":98},[84,94798,103],{"class":102},[84,94800,334],{"class":139},[84,94802,103],{"class":102},[84,94804,2145],{"class":121},[84,94806,232],{"class":102},[24,94808,265],{},[75,94810,94812],{"className":77,"code":94811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94813,94814,94818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94815,94816],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94817,2258],{"class":106},[84,94819,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94821,380],{"class":94},[84,94823,384],{"class":383},[84,94825,388],{"class":387},[84,94827,2070],{"class":391},[84,94829,394],{"class":387},[84,94831,397],{"class":94},[24,94833,94834,94835,425],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[419,94836,13,94837,424],{"href":2755},[15,94838,2758],{},[70,94840,1442,94842,94844],{"id":94841},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94843,94457],{}," with decimal places",[24,94846,94847],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[75,94849,94851],{"className":77,"code":94850,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94852,94853,94871],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94854,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94856,116],{"class":98},[84,94858,103],{"class":102},[84,94860,94498],{"class":98},[84,94862,103],{"class":102},[84,94864,94503],{"class":106},[84,94866,282],{"class":102},[84,94868,304],{"class":106},[84,94870,232],{"class":102},[84,94872,94873,94875,94877,94879,94881,94883,94885,94887],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94874,116],{"class":98},[84,94876,103],{"class":102},[84,94878,94498],{"class":98},[84,94880,103],{"class":102},[84,94882,94503],{"class":106},[84,94884,282],{"class":102},[84,94886,309],{"class":106},[84,94888,232],{"class":102},[24,94890,265],{},[75,94892,94894],{"className":77,"code":94893,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94895,94896,94900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94897,94898],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94899,40048],{"class":106},[84,94901,94902],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94903,94904],{"class":106},"3.142\n",[24,94906,94907],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[75,94909,94911],{"className":77,"code":94910,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94912,94913,94922,94941,94945,94955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94914,94915,94917,94919],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94916,40258],{"class":90},[84,94918,95],{"class":94},[84,94920,94921],{"class":106}," 19.9876\n",[84,94923,94924,94927,94929,94931,94933,94935,94937,94939],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94925,94926],{"class":90},"rounded_price ",[84,94928,95],{"class":94},[84,94930,94775],{"class":98},[84,94932,103],{"class":102},[84,94934,25028],{"class":121},[84,94936,282],{"class":102},[84,94938,304],{"class":106},[84,94940,110],{"class":102},[84,94942,94943],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,94944,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,94946,94947,94949,94951,94953],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,94948,116],{"class":98},[84,94950,103],{"class":102},[84,94952,25028],{"class":121},[84,94954,110],{"class":102},[84,94956,94957,94959,94961,94964],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,94958,116],{"class":98},[84,94960,103],{"class":102},[84,94962,94963],{"class":121},"rounded_price",[84,94965,110],{"class":102},[24,94967,265],{},[75,94969,94971],{"className":77,"code":94970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94972,94973,94978],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94974,94975],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94976,94977],{"class":106},"19.9876\n",[84,94979,94980],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,94981,94982],{"class":106},"19.99\n",[24,94984,94985,94986,94989,94990,2759,94992,425],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94987,94988],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[419,94991,40763],{"href":40762},[419,94993,13,94994,424],{"href":2762},[15,94995,2765],{},[70,94997,94999,95000],{"id":94998},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95001,94607],{},[24,95003,95004,95005,95007],{},"A negative ",[15,95006,94607],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[75,95009,95011],{"className":77,"code":95010,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95012,95013,95033,95053],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95014,95015,95017,95019,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029,95031],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95016,116],{"class":98},[84,95018,103],{"class":102},[84,95020,94498],{"class":98},[84,95022,103],{"class":102},[84,95024,94666],{"class":106},[84,95026,282],{"class":102},[84,95028,2102],{"class":94},[84,95030,838],{"class":106},[84,95032,232],{"class":102},[84,95034,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95036,116],{"class":98},[84,95038,103],{"class":102},[84,95040,94498],{"class":98},[84,95042,103],{"class":102},[84,95044,94666],{"class":106},[84,95046,282],{"class":102},[84,95048,2102],{"class":94},[84,95050,568],{"class":106},[84,95052,232],{"class":102},[84,95054,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067,95069,95071],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95056,116],{"class":98},[84,95058,103],{"class":102},[84,95060,94498],{"class":98},[84,95062,103],{"class":102},[84,95064,94666],{"class":106},[84,95066,282],{"class":102},[84,95068,2102],{"class":94},[84,95070,1162],{"class":106},[84,95072,232],{"class":102},[24,95074,265],{},[75,95076,95078],{"className":77,"code":95077,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95079,95080,95085,95089],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95081,95082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95083,95084],{"class":106},"1230\n",[84,95086,95087],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95088,94695],{"class":106},[84,95090,95091],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95092,95093],{"class":106},"1000\n",[24,95095,65448],{},[33,95097,95098,95103,95109],{},[36,95099,95100,95102],{},[15,95101,65718],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[36,95104,95105,95108],{},[15,95106,95107],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[36,95110,95111,95113],{},[15,95112,47539],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[24,95115,95116],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[70,95118,95120],{"id":95119},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[24,95122,95123,95124,425],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95125,95126],{},".5",[24,95128,5346],{},[75,95130,95132],{"className":77,"code":95131,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95133,95134,95148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95135,95136,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95137,116],{"class":98},[84,95139,103],{"class":102},[84,95141,94498],{"class":98},[84,95143,103],{"class":102},[84,95145,41030],{"class":106},[84,95147,232],{"class":102},[84,95149,95150,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95151,116],{"class":98},[84,95153,103],{"class":102},[84,95155,94498],{"class":98},[84,95157,103],{"class":102},[84,95159,1924],{"class":106},[84,95161,232],{"class":102},[24,95163,265],{},[75,95165,95167],{"className":77,"code":95166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n4\n",[15,95168,95169,95173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95170,95171],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95172,519],{"class":106},[84,95174,95175],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95176,529],{"class":106},[24,95178,95179,95180,95183,95184,95186],{},"Python uses ",[42,95181,95182],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95185,95126],{}," situations.",[24,95188,95189],{},"More examples:",[75,95191,95193],{"className":77,"code":95192,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95194,95195,95209,95223,95237],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95196,95197,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95198,116],{"class":98},[84,95200,103],{"class":102},[84,95202,94498],{"class":98},[84,95204,103],{"class":102},[84,95206,41043],{"class":106},[84,95208,232],{"class":102},[84,95210,95211,95213,95215,95217,95219,95221],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95212,116],{"class":98},[84,95214,103],{"class":102},[84,95216,94498],{"class":98},[84,95218,103],{"class":102},[84,95220,41030],{"class":106},[84,95222,232],{"class":102},[84,95224,95225,95227,95229,95231,95233,95235],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95226,116],{"class":98},[84,95228,103],{"class":102},[84,95230,94498],{"class":98},[84,95232,103],{"class":102},[84,95234,1924],{"class":106},[84,95236,232],{"class":102},[84,95238,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,95240,116],{"class":98},[84,95242,103],{"class":102},[84,95244,94498],{"class":98},[84,95246,103],{"class":102},[84,95248,40995],{"class":106},[84,95250,232],{"class":102},[24,95252,265],{},[75,95254,95256],{"className":77,"code":95255,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95257,95258,95262,95266,95270],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95259,95260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95261,519],{"class":106},[84,95263,95264],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95265,519],{"class":106},[84,95267,95268],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95269,529],{"class":106},[84,95271,95272],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,95273,529],{"class":106},[24,95275,95276],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[24,95278,10592],{},[33,95280,95281,95288],{},[36,95282,95283,2014,95286],{},[15,95284,95285],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95287,568],{},[36,95289,95290,2014,95293],{},[15,95291,95292],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95294,2386],{},[24,95296,3049,95297,95299],{},[15,95298,95126],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[70,95301,95303],{"id":95302},"return-values","Return values",[24,95305,95306,95308],{},[15,95307,94457],{}," returns the rounded value.",[24,95310,40777,95311,95313],{},[42,95312,1367],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[75,95315,95317],{"className":77,"code":95316,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95318,95319,95328,95332,95342,95360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95320,95321,95323,95325],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95322,2329],{"class":90},[84,95324,95],{"class":94},[84,95326,95327],{"class":106}," 3.14159\n",[84,95329,95330],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95331,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,95333,95334,95336,95338,95340],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95335,116],{"class":98},[84,95337,103],{"class":102},[84,95339,2354],{"class":121},[84,95341,110],{"class":102},[84,95343,95344,95346,95348,95350,95352,95354,95356,95358],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,95345,116],{"class":98},[84,95347,103],{"class":102},[84,95349,94498],{"class":98},[84,95351,103],{"class":102},[84,95353,2354],{"class":121},[84,95355,282],{"class":102},[84,95357,304],{"class":106},[84,95359,232],{"class":102},[84,95361,95362,95364,95366,95368],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,95363,116],{"class":98},[84,95365,103],{"class":102},[84,95367,2354],{"class":121},[84,95369,110],{"class":102},[24,95371,265],{},[75,95373,95375],{"className":77,"code":95374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95376,95377,95382,95386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95378,95379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95380,95381],{"class":106},"3.14159\n",[84,95383,95384],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95385,40048],{"class":106},[84,95387,95388],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95389,95381],{"class":106},[24,95391,95392],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[75,95394,95396],{"className":77,"code":95395,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95397,95398,95406,95424,95428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95399,95400,95402,95404],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95401,2329],{"class":90},[84,95403,95],{"class":94},[84,95405,95327],{"class":106},[84,95407,95408,95410,95412,95414,95416,95418,95420,95422],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95409,2329],{"class":90},[84,95411,95],{"class":94},[84,95413,94775],{"class":98},[84,95415,103],{"class":102},[84,95417,2354],{"class":121},[84,95419,282],{"class":102},[84,95421,304],{"class":106},[84,95423,110],{"class":102},[84,95425,95426],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95427,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,95429,95430,95432,95434,95436],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,95431,116],{"class":98},[84,95433,103],{"class":102},[84,95435,2354],{"class":121},[84,95437,110],{"class":102},[24,95439,265],{},[75,95441,95442],{"className":77,"code":40048,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,95443,95444],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95445,95446],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95447,40048],{"class":106},[70,95449,792,95451],{"id":95450},"when-to-use-round",[15,95452,94457],{},[24,95454,153,95455,6190],{},[15,95456,94457],{},[33,95458,95459,95462,95465,95468],{},[36,95460,95461],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[36,95463,95464],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[36,95466,95467],{},"Round values before reporting results",[36,95469,95470],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[24,95472,5346],{},[75,95474,95476],{"className":77,"code":95475,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95477,95478,95487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95479,95480,95482,95484],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95481,2477],{"class":90},[84,95483,95],{"class":94},[84,95485,95486],{"class":106}," 12.67891\n",[84,95488,95489,95491,95493,95495,95497,95499,95501,95503],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95490,116],{"class":98},[84,95492,103],{"class":102},[84,95494,94498],{"class":98},[84,95496,103],{"class":102},[84,95498,2500],{"class":121},[84,95500,282],{"class":102},[84,95502,304],{"class":106},[84,95504,232],{"class":102},[24,95506,265],{},[75,95508,95510],{"className":77,"code":95509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"12.68\n",[15,95511,95512],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95513,95514],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95515,95509],{"class":106},[70,95517,1434],{"id":1433},[24,95519,22975,95520,425],{},[15,95521,94457],{},[1667,95523,8329,95525,95527,95528,95530],{"id":95524},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95526,94457],{}," to always round ",[15,95529,95126],{}," upward",[24,95532,95533],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[75,95535,95536],{"className":77,"code":95131,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,95537,95538,95552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95539,95540,95542,95544,95546,95548,95550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95541,116],{"class":98},[84,95543,103],{"class":102},[84,95545,94498],{"class":98},[84,95547,103],{"class":102},[84,95549,41030],{"class":106},[84,95551,232],{"class":102},[84,95553,95554,95556,95558,95560,95562,95564],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95555,116],{"class":98},[84,95557,103],{"class":102},[84,95559,94498],{"class":98},[84,95561,103],{"class":102},[84,95563,1924],{"class":106},[84,95565,232],{"class":102},[24,95567,265],{},[75,95569,95570],{"className":77,"code":95166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,95571,95572,95576],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95573,95574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95575,519],{"class":106},[84,95577,95578],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95579,529],{"class":106},[24,95581,95582],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1667,95584,95586],{"id":95585},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[24,95588,95589,95591],{},[15,95590,94457],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[75,95593,95595],{"className":77,"code":95594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95596,95597,95605,95619,95623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95598,95599,95601,95603],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95600,2329],{"class":90},[84,95602,95],{"class":94},[84,95604,95327],{"class":106},[84,95606,95607,95609,95611,95613,95615,95617],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95608,94498],{"class":98},[84,95610,103],{"class":102},[84,95612,2354],{"class":121},[84,95614,282],{"class":102},[84,95616,304],{"class":106},[84,95618,110],{"class":102},[84,95620,95621],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95622,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,95626,116],{"class":98},[84,95628,103],{"class":102},[84,95630,2354],{"class":121},[84,95632,110],{"class":102},[24,95634,265],{},[75,95636,95637],{"className":77,"code":95381,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,95638,95639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95640,95641],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95642,95381],{"class":106},[24,95644,95645],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[75,95647,95649],{"className":77,"code":95648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95650,95651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95652,95653,95655,95657,95659,95661,95663,95665,95667],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95654,2329],{"class":90},[84,95656,95],{"class":94},[84,95658,94775],{"class":98},[84,95660,103],{"class":102},[84,95662,2354],{"class":121},[84,95664,282],{"class":102},[84,95666,304],{"class":106},[84,95668,110],{"class":102},[1667,95670,95672],{"id":95671},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[24,95674,16283],{},[75,95676,95678],{"className":77,"code":95677,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95679,95680],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95681,95682],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95683,95677],{"class":128},[24,95685,95686],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[75,95688,95690],{"className":77,"code":95689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95691,95692,95704,95718,95722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95693,95694,95696,95698,95700,95702],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95695,34565],{"class":90},[84,95697,95],{"class":94},[84,95699,3230],{"class":387},[84,95701,40014],{"class":391},[84,95703,3236],{"class":387},[84,95705,95706,95708,95710,95712,95714,95716],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95707,2097],{"class":90},[84,95709,95],{"class":94},[84,95711,40126],{"class":139},[84,95713,103],{"class":102},[84,95715,34586],{"class":121},[84,95717,110],{"class":102},[84,95719,95720],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95721,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,95725,116],{"class":98},[84,95727,103],{"class":102},[84,95729,94498],{"class":98},[84,95731,103],{"class":102},[84,95733,2120],{"class":121},[84,95735,282],{"class":102},[84,95737,299],{"class":106},[84,95739,232],{"class":102},[24,95741,265],{},[75,95743,95745],{"className":77,"code":95744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.1\n",[15,95746,95747],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95748,95749],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95750,95744],{"class":106},[1667,95752,95754],{"id":95753},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[24,95756,95757,95759],{},[15,95758,94457],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[24,95761,95762,95763,2759,95767,425],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[419,95764,95765],{"href":2762},[15,95766,2765],{},[419,95768,95769],{"href":2755},[15,95770,2758],{},[70,95772,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,95774,12586,95776,95778,95779,95781],{"id":95775},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95777,94457],{}," always round ",[15,95780,40085],{}," up?",[24,95783,95784],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1667,95786,12586,95788,95790],{"id":95787},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95789,94457],{}," change the original number?",[24,95792,95793],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1667,95795,5043,95797,95799],{"id":95796},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95798,94457],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[24,95801,95802,95803,95805,95806,2759,95808,425],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95804,94607],{}," value like ",[15,95807,65718],{},[15,95809,95107],{},[1667,95811,28205,95813,95815,95816,1689],{"id":95812},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95814,94457],{}," on a string like ",[15,95817,47963],{},[24,95819,95820,95821,2759,95823,425],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95822,2765],{},[15,95824,2758],{},[70,95826,1777],{"id":1776},[33,95828,95829,95835,95841,95845],{},[36,95830,95831],{},[419,95832,13,95833,424],{"href":2762},[15,95834,2765],{},[36,95836,95837],{},[419,95838,13,95839,424],{"href":2755},[15,95840,2758],{},[36,95842,95843],{},[419,95844,2302],{"href":2301},[36,95846,95847],{},[419,95848,42053],{"href":40762},[1814,95850,95851],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":95853},[95854,95855,95857,95858,95860,95862,95864,95865,95866,95868,95875,95885],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":94549,"depth":113,"text":95856},"What round() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":94703,"depth":113,"text":95859},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94841,"depth":113,"text":95861},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94998,"depth":113,"text":95863},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95119,"depth":113,"text":95120},{"id":95302,"depth":113,"text":95303},{"id":95450,"depth":113,"text":95867},"When to use round()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":95869},[95870,95872,95873,95874],{"id":95524,"depth":132,"text":95871},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95585,"depth":132,"text":95586},{"id":95671,"depth":132,"text":95672},{"id":95753,"depth":132,"text":95754},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":95876},[95877,95879,95881,95883],{"id":95775,"depth":132,"text":95878},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95787,"depth":132,"text":95880},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95796,"depth":132,"text":95882},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95812,"depth":132,"text":95884},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94449,"description":95886},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95893,"title":95894,"body":95895,"description":97080,"extension":1845,"meta":97081,"navigation":237,"path":97082,"seo":97083,"stem":97084,"__hash__":97085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95896,"toc":97054},[95897,95904,95910,95913,95915,95964,95968,95993,95998,96003,96008,96022,96033,96035,96054,96056,96072,96075,96086,96088,96090,96151,96155,96188,96195,96202,96205,96238,96241,96245,96248,96301,96305,96326,96332,96339,96346,96407,96415,96492,96496,96508,96517,96519,96525,96531,96535,96588,96591,96649,96653,96661,96664,96668,96671,96681,96683,96780,96783,96794,96797,96840,96844,96868,96871,96877,96879,96883,96908,96910,96977,96986,96988,96994,96999,97003,97006,97010,97017,97021,97026,97028,97045,97051],[10,95898,95900,95901,11201],{"id":95899},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95902,95903],{},"add()",[24,95905,95906,95909],{},[15,95907,95908],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[24,95911,95912],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[70,95914,1887],{"id":1886},[75,95916,95918],{"className":77,"code":95917,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95919,95920,95940,95954],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95921,95922,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95923,91],{"class":90},[84,95925,95],{"class":94},[84,95927,10371],{"class":102},[84,95929,838],{"class":106},[84,95931,282],{"class":102},[84,95933,304],{"class":106},[84,95935,282],{"class":102},[84,95937,309],{"class":106},[84,95939,9188],{"class":102},[84,95941,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,95943,122],{"class":90},[84,95945,425],{"class":102},[84,95947,81968],{"class":121},[84,95949,103],{"class":102},[84,95951,2386],{"class":106},[84,95953,110],{"class":102},[84,95955,95956,95958,95960,95962],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,95957,116],{"class":98},[84,95959,103],{"class":102},[84,95961,122],{"class":121},[84,95963,110],{"class":102},[24,95965,95966],{},[42,95967,265],{},[75,95969,95971],{"className":77,"code":95970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95972,95973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95974,95975,95977,95979,95981,95983,95985,95987,95989,95991],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95976,9157],{"class":102},[84,95978,838],{"class":106},[84,95980,282],{"class":102},[84,95982,304],{"class":106},[84,95984,282],{"class":102},[84,95986,309],{"class":106},[84,95988,282],{"class":102},[84,95990,314],{"class":106},[84,95992,9188],{"class":102},[24,95994,153,95995,95997],{},[15,95996,95903],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[70,95999,429,96001,3554],{"id":96000},"what-setadd-does",[15,96002,95908],{},[24,96004,96005,96007],{},[15,96006,95908],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[33,96009,96010,96013,96016,96019],{},[36,96011,96012],{},"Adds one item to a set",[36,96014,96015],{},"Changes the original set in place",[36,96017,96018],{},"Does not return a new set",[36,96020,96021],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[24,96023,96024,96025,2759,96029,425],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[419,96026,96028],{"href":96027},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[419,96030,96032],{"href":96031},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[70,96034,2038],{"id":2037},[75,96036,96038],{"className":77,"code":96037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96039,96040],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96041,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96043,15548],{"class":90},[84,96045,425],{"class":102},[84,96047,81968],{"class":121},[84,96049,103],{"class":102},[84,96051,23191],{"class":121},[84,96053,110],{"class":102},[24,96055,11338],{},[33,96057,96058,96063,96066],{},[36,96059,55776,96060,96062],{},[15,96061,95903],{}," on an existing set",[36,96064,96065],{},"Pass exactly one item",[36,96067,96068,96069],{},"The item must be ",[42,96070,96071],{},"hashable",[24,96073,96074],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[33,96076,96077,96079,96081,96084],{},[36,96078,56329],{},[36,96080,56332],{},[36,96082,96083],{},"Tuples",[36,96085,40466],{},[70,96087,11355],{"id":11354},[24,96089,11358],{},[75,96091,96093],{"className":77,"code":96092,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96094,96095,96119,96137,96141],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96096,96097,96099,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96098,12959],{"class":90},[84,96100,95],{"class":94},[84,96102,10371],{"class":102},[84,96104,854],{"class":387},[84,96106,12976],{"class":391},[84,96108,854],{"class":387},[84,96110,282],{"class":102},[84,96112,3230],{"class":387},[84,96114,12993],{"class":391},[84,96116,854],{"class":387},[84,96118,9188],{"class":102},[84,96120,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96122,17385],{"class":90},[84,96124,425],{"class":102},[84,96126,81968],{"class":121},[84,96128,103],{"class":102},[84,96130,854],{"class":387},[84,96132,17338],{"class":391},[84,96134,854],{"class":387},[84,96136,110],{"class":102},[84,96138,96139],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96140,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96142,96143,96145,96147,96149],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96144,116],{"class":98},[84,96146,103],{"class":102},[84,96148,17385],{"class":121},[84,96150,110],{"class":102},[24,96152,96153],{},[42,96154,29905],{},[75,96156,96158],{"className":77,"code":96157,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96159,96160],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96161,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96163,9157],{"class":102},[84,96165,394],{"class":387},[84,96167,12976],{"class":391},[84,96169,394],{"class":387},[84,96171,282],{"class":102},[84,96173,388],{"class":387},[84,96175,17338],{"class":391},[84,96177,394],{"class":387},[84,96179,282],{"class":102},[84,96181,388],{"class":387},[84,96183,12993],{"class":391},[84,96185,394],{"class":387},[84,96187,9188],{"class":102},[24,96189,96190,96191,96194],{},"The new value ",[15,96192,96193],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[24,96196,96197,96198,96201],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[42,96199,96200],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[24,96203,96204],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[75,96206,96208],{"className":77,"code":96207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96209,96210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96211,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222,96224,96226,96228,96230,96232,96234,96236],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96213,9157],{"class":102},[84,96215,394],{"class":387},[84,96217,12993],{"class":391},[84,96219,394],{"class":387},[84,96221,282],{"class":102},[84,96223,388],{"class":387},[84,96225,12976],{"class":391},[84,96227,394],{"class":387},[84,96229,282],{"class":102},[84,96231,388],{"class":387},[84,96233,17338],{"class":391},[84,96235,394],{"class":387},[84,96237,9188],{"class":102},[24,96239,96240],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[70,96242,96244],{"id":96243},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[24,96246,96247],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[75,96249,96251],{"className":77,"code":96250,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96252,96253,96273,96287,96291],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96254,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269,96271],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96256,91],{"class":90},[84,96258,95],{"class":94},[84,96260,10371],{"class":102},[84,96262,838],{"class":106},[84,96264,282],{"class":102},[84,96266,304],{"class":106},[84,96268,282],{"class":102},[84,96270,309],{"class":106},[84,96272,9188],{"class":102},[84,96274,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96276,122],{"class":90},[84,96278,425],{"class":102},[84,96280,81968],{"class":121},[84,96282,103],{"class":102},[84,96284,568],{"class":106},[84,96286,110],{"class":102},[84,96288,96289],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96290,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96292,96293,96295,96297,96299],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96294,116],{"class":98},[84,96296,103],{"class":102},[84,96298,122],{"class":121},[84,96300,110],{"class":102},[24,96302,96303],{},[42,96304,265],{},[75,96306,96308],{"className":77,"code":96307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96309,96310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96311,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96313,9157],{"class":102},[84,96315,838],{"class":106},[84,96317,282],{"class":102},[84,96319,304],{"class":106},[84,96321,282],{"class":102},[84,96323,309],{"class":106},[84,96325,9188],{"class":102},[24,96327,96328,96329,96331],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96330,568],{}," was already present.",[70,96333,96335,18,96337],{"id":96334},"add-vs-update",[15,96336,95903],{},[15,96338,14837],{},[24,96340,153,96341,96343,96344,425],{},[15,96342,95903],{}," when you want to add ",[42,96345,52525],{},[75,96347,96349],{"className":77,"code":96348,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96350,96351,96375,96393,96397],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96352,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96354,35967],{"class":90},[84,96356,95],{"class":94},[84,96358,10371],{"class":102},[84,96360,854],{"class":387},[84,96362,419],{"class":391},[84,96364,854],{"class":387},[84,96366,282],{"class":102},[84,96368,3230],{"class":387},[84,96370,4634],{"class":391},[84,96372,854],{"class":387},[84,96374,9188],{"class":102},[84,96376,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96378,36019],{"class":90},[84,96380,425],{"class":102},[84,96382,81968],{"class":121},[84,96384,103],{"class":102},[84,96386,854],{"class":387},[84,96388,9619],{"class":391},[84,96390,854],{"class":387},[84,96392,110],{"class":102},[84,96394,96395],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96396,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96398,96399,96401,96403,96405],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96400,116],{"class":98},[84,96402,103],{"class":102},[84,96404,36019],{"class":121},[84,96406,110],{"class":102},[24,96408,153,96409,96343,96411,96414],{},[15,96410,14837],{},[42,96412,96413],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[75,96416,96418],{"className":77,"code":96417,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96419,96420,96444,96478,96482],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96421,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96423,35967],{"class":90},[84,96425,95],{"class":94},[84,96427,10371],{"class":102},[84,96429,854],{"class":387},[84,96431,419],{"class":391},[84,96433,854],{"class":387},[84,96435,282],{"class":102},[84,96437,3230],{"class":387},[84,96439,4634],{"class":391},[84,96441,854],{"class":387},[84,96443,9188],{"class":102},[84,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96447,36019],{"class":90},[84,96449,425],{"class":102},[84,96451,30340],{"class":121},[84,96453,2865],{"class":102},[84,96455,854],{"class":387},[84,96457,9619],{"class":391},[84,96459,854],{"class":387},[84,96461,282],{"class":102},[84,96463,3230],{"class":387},[84,96465,18651],{"class":391},[84,96467,854],{"class":387},[84,96469,282],{"class":102},[84,96471,3230],{"class":387},[84,96473,60314],{"class":391},[84,96475,854],{"class":387},[84,96477,741],{"class":102},[84,96479,96480],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96481,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96483,96484,96486,96488,96490],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96485,116],{"class":98},[84,96487,103],{"class":102},[84,96489,36019],{"class":121},[84,96491,110],{"class":102},[1667,96493,96495],{"id":96494},"key-difference","Key difference",[33,96497,96498,96503],{},[36,96499,96500,96502],{},[15,96501,95903],{}," adds one item",[36,96504,96505,96507],{},[15,96506,14837],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[24,96509,96510,96511,425],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[419,96512,96514,96515,10620],{"href":96513},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96516,14837],{},[70,96518,17301],{"id":17300},[24,96520,96521,2279,96523,425],{},[15,96522,95908],{},[15,96524,3653],{},[24,96526,96527,96528,96530],{},"That means you should ",[42,96529,1367],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1667,96532,96534],{"id":96533},"correct","Correct",[75,96536,96538],{"className":77,"code":96537,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96539,96540,96560,96574,96578],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96541,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96543,15510],{"class":90},[84,96545,95],{"class":94},[84,96547,10371],{"class":102},[84,96549,838],{"class":106},[84,96551,282],{"class":102},[84,96553,304],{"class":106},[84,96555,282],{"class":102},[84,96557,309],{"class":106},[84,96559,9188],{"class":102},[84,96561,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96563,15548],{"class":90},[84,96565,425],{"class":102},[84,96567,81968],{"class":121},[84,96569,103],{"class":102},[84,96571,2386],{"class":106},[84,96573,110],{"class":102},[84,96575,96576],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96577,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96579,96580,96582,96584,96586],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96581,116],{"class":98},[84,96583,103],{"class":102},[84,96585,15548],{"class":121},[84,96587,110],{"class":102},[1667,96589,96590],{"id":61635},"Wrong",[75,96592,96594],{"className":77,"code":96593,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96595,96596,96616,96635,96639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96597,96598,96600,96602,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96599,15510],{"class":90},[84,96601,95],{"class":94},[84,96603,10371],{"class":102},[84,96605,838],{"class":106},[84,96607,282],{"class":102},[84,96609,304],{"class":106},[84,96611,282],{"class":102},[84,96613,309],{"class":106},[84,96615,9188],{"class":102},[84,96617,96618,96620,96622,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96619,15510],{"class":90},[84,96621,95],{"class":94},[84,96623,96624],{"class":90}," my_set",[84,96626,425],{"class":102},[84,96628,81968],{"class":121},[84,96630,103],{"class":102},[84,96632,2386],{"class":106},[84,96634,110],{"class":102},[84,96636,96637],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96638,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96640,96641,96643,96645,96647],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96642,116],{"class":98},[84,96644,103],{"class":102},[84,96646,15548],{"class":121},[84,96648,110],{"class":102},[24,96650,96651],{},[42,96652,265],{},[75,96654,96655],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,96656,96657],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96658,96659],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96660,11689],{"class":659},[24,96662,96663],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[70,96665,96667],{"id":96666},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[24,96669,96670],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[33,96672,96673,96675,96677,96679],{},[36,96674,56329],{},[36,96676,56332],{},[36,96678,96083],{},[36,96680,40466],{},[24,96682,190],{},[75,96684,96686],{"className":77,"code":96685,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96687,96688,96698,96702,96716,96734,96752,96766,96770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96689,96690,96692,96694,96696],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96691,7656],{"class":90},[84,96693,95],{"class":94},[84,96695,15515],{"class":139},[84,96697,8520],{"class":102},[84,96699,96700],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96701,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96703,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96705,7687],{"class":90},[84,96707,425],{"class":102},[84,96709,81968],{"class":121},[84,96711,103],{"class":102},[84,96713,2212],{"class":106},[84,96715,110],{"class":102},[84,96717,96718,96720,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96719,7687],{"class":90},[84,96721,425],{"class":102},[84,96723,81968],{"class":121},[84,96725,103],{"class":102},[84,96727,854],{"class":387},[84,96729,3721],{"class":391},[84,96731,854],{"class":387},[84,96733,110],{"class":102},[84,96735,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,96737,7687],{"class":90},[84,96739,425],{"class":102},[84,96741,81968],{"class":121},[84,96743,5384],{"class":102},[84,96745,838],{"class":106},[84,96747,282],{"class":102},[84,96749,304],{"class":106},[84,96751,232],{"class":102},[84,96753,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,96755,7687],{"class":90},[84,96757,425],{"class":102},[84,96759,81968],{"class":121},[84,96761,103],{"class":102},[84,96763,3481],{"class":659},[84,96765,110],{"class":102},[84,96767,96768],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,96769,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,96771,96772,96774,96776,96778],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,96773,116],{"class":98},[84,96775,103],{"class":102},[84,96777,7687],{"class":121},[84,96779,110],{"class":102},[24,96781,96782],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[33,96784,96785,96788,96791],{},[36,96786,96787],{},"Lists",[36,96789,96790],{},"Dictionaries",[36,96792,96793],{},"Sets",[24,96795,96796],{},"Example that causes an error:",[75,96798,96800],{"className":77,"code":96799,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96801,96802,96822],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96803,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96805,7656],{"class":90},[84,96807,95],{"class":94},[84,96809,10371],{"class":102},[84,96811,838],{"class":106},[84,96813,282],{"class":102},[84,96815,304],{"class":106},[84,96817,282],{"class":102},[84,96819,309],{"class":106},[84,96821,9188],{"class":102},[84,96823,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96825,7687],{"class":90},[84,96827,425],{"class":102},[84,96829,81968],{"class":121},[84,96831,2865],{"class":102},[84,96833,2386],{"class":106},[84,96835,282],{"class":102},[84,96837,285],{"class":106},[84,96839,741],{"class":102},[24,96841,96842],{},[42,96843,29557],{},[75,96845,96847],{"className":77,"code":96846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96848,96849],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96850,96851,96853,96855,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96852,2884],{"class":139},[84,96854,881],{"class":102},[84,96856,96857],{"class":90}," unhashable ",[84,96859,334],{"class":139},[84,96861,881],{"class":102},[84,96863,388],{"class":387},[84,96865,140],{"class":391},[84,96867,1257],{"class":387},[24,96869,96870],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[24,96872,96873,96874,425],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96875,96876],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[70,96878,1434],{"id":1433},[24,96880,14617,96881,881],{},[15,96882,95908],{},[33,96884,96885,96890,96895,96898,96905],{},[36,96886,1442,96887,96889],{},[15,96888,95903],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[36,96891,8329,96892,96894],{},[15,96893,95903],{}," to return the updated set",[36,96896,96897],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[36,96899,37076,96900,96902,96903],{},[15,96901,95908],{}," with list ",[15,96904,1099],{},[36,96906,96907],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[24,96909,71369],{},[75,96911,96913],{"className":77,"code":96912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96914,96915,96925,96939,96949,96963],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96916,96917,96919,96921,96923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96918,116],{"class":98},[84,96920,103],{"class":102},[84,96922,15548],{"class":121},[84,96924,110],{"class":102},[84,96926,96927,96929,96931,96933,96935,96937],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,96928,116],{"class":98},[84,96930,103],{"class":102},[84,96932,334],{"class":139},[84,96934,103],{"class":102},[84,96936,15548],{"class":121},[84,96938,232],{"class":102},[84,96940,96941,96943,96945,96947],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,96942,116],{"class":98},[84,96944,103],{"class":102},[84,96946,2354],{"class":121},[84,96948,110],{"class":102},[84,96950,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,96952,116],{"class":98},[84,96954,103],{"class":102},[84,96956,334],{"class":139},[84,96958,103],{"class":102},[84,96960,2354],{"class":121},[84,96962,232],{"class":102},[84,96964,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,96966,32029],{"class":98},[84,96968,103],{"class":102},[84,96970,6159],{"class":139},[84,96972,425],{"class":102},[84,96974,81968],{"class":24629},[84,96976,110],{"class":102},[24,96978,96979,96980,96982,96983,425],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96981,95908],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[419,96984,52918],{"href":96985},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[70,96987,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,96989,12586,96991,96993],{"id":96990},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96992,95908],{}," return a new set?",[24,96995,96996,96997,425],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96998,3653],{},[1667,97000,97002],{"id":97001},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[24,97004,97005],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1667,97007,97009],{"id":97008},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[24,97011,153,97012,1686,97015,425],{},[15,97013,97014],{},"set.update()",[15,97016,95903],{},[1667,97018,97020],{"id":97019},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[24,97022,97023,97024,425],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97025,2884],{},[70,97027,1777],{"id":1776},[33,97029,97030,97034,97039],{},[36,97031,97032],{},[419,97033,96028],{"href":96027},[36,97035,97036],{},[419,97037,97038],{"href":96031},"How to create a set in Python",[36,97040,97041],{},[419,97042,96514,97043,10620],{"href":96513},[15,97044,14837],{},[24,97046,97047,97048,97050],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97049,95903],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1814,97052,97053],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":97055},[97056,97057,97059,97060,97061,97062,97066,97070,97071,97072,97079],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":96000,"depth":113,"text":97058},"What set.add() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":96243,"depth":113,"text":96244},{"id":96334,"depth":113,"text":97063,"children":97064},"add() vs update()",[97065],{"id":96494,"depth":132,"text":96495},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301,"children":97067},[97068,97069],{"id":96533,"depth":132,"text":96534},{"id":61635,"depth":132,"text":96590},{"id":96666,"depth":113,"text":96667},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":97073},[97074,97076,97077,97078],{"id":96990,"depth":132,"text":97075},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97001,"depth":132,"text":97002},{"id":97008,"depth":132,"text":97009},{"id":97019,"depth":132,"text":97020},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95894,"description":97080},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97087,"title":97088,"body":97089,"description":98258,"extension":1845,"meta":98259,"navigation":237,"path":98260,"seo":98261,"stem":98262,"__hash__":98263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97090,"toc":98225},[97091,97096,97102,97109,97154,97156,97167,97172,97177,97181,97195,97200,97202,97204,97219,97221,97235,97237,97239,97304,97306,97316,97318,97336,97342,97349,97354,97428,97430,97447,97453,97458,97529,97531,97558,97575,97578,97584,97586,97593,97597,97664,97666,97681,97684,97737,97739,97747,97759,97761,97765,97770,97772,97821,97823,97831,97833,97878,97880,97890,97896,97904,97917,97923,97925,97954,97956,97974,97978,97981,98012,98014,98032,98036,98111,98113,98129,98136,98138,98143,98148,98154,98157,98161,98169,98176,98184,98186,98222],[10,97092,95900,97094,11201],{"id":97093},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97095,11200],{},[24,97097,97098,97101],{},[15,97099,97100],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[24,97103,97104,97105,97108],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[42,97106,97107],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[75,97110,97112],{"className":77,"code":97111,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97113,97114,97134,97144],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97115,97116,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97117,91],{"class":90},[84,97119,95],{"class":94},[84,97121,10371],{"class":102},[84,97123,838],{"class":106},[84,97125,282],{"class":102},[84,97127,304],{"class":106},[84,97129,282],{"class":102},[84,97131,309],{"class":106},[84,97133,9188],{"class":102},[84,97135,97136,97138,97140,97142],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97137,122],{"class":90},[84,97139,425],{"class":102},[84,97141,11262],{"class":121},[84,97143,8520],{"class":102},[84,97145,97146,97148,97150,97152],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97147,116],{"class":98},[84,97149,103],{"class":102},[84,97151,122],{"class":121},[84,97153,110],{"class":102},[24,97155,265],{},[75,97157,97159],{"className":77,"code":97158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\n",[15,97160,97161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97162,97163,97165],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97164,6159],{"class":139},[84,97166,8520],{"class":102},[24,97168,97169,97171],{},[15,97170,11200],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[70,97173,429,97175,3554],{"id":97174},"what-setclear-does",[15,97176,97100],{},[24,97178,1862,97179,11292],{},[15,97180,11200],{},[33,97182,97183,97186,97188,97192],{},[36,97184,97185],{},"Removes every item from a set",[36,97187,96015],{},[36,97189,11303,97190],{},[15,97191,3653],{},[36,97193,97194],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[24,97196,96024,97197,71468],{},[419,97198,96028],{"href":97199},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[70,97201,2038],{"id":2037},[24,97203,54315],{},[75,97205,97207],{"className":77,"code":97206,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97208,97209],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97210,97211,97213,97215,97217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97212,15548],{"class":90},[84,97214,425],{"class":102},[84,97216,11262],{"class":121},[84,97218,8520],{"class":102},[24,97220,12935],{},[33,97222,97223,97226,97229,97232],{},[36,97224,97225],{},"It takes no arguments",[36,97227,97228],{},"It empties the set",[36,97230,97231],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[36,97233,97234],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[70,97236,11355],{"id":11354},[24,97238,11358],{},[75,97240,97242],{"className":77,"code":97241,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97243,97244,97276,97280,97290,97294],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97245,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258,97260,97262,97264,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97247,12959],{"class":90},[84,97249,95],{"class":94},[84,97251,10371],{"class":102},[84,97253,854],{"class":387},[84,97255,12976],{"class":391},[84,97257,854],{"class":387},[84,97259,282],{"class":102},[84,97261,3230],{"class":387},[84,97263,17338],{"class":391},[84,97265,854],{"class":387},[84,97267,282],{"class":102},[84,97269,3230],{"class":387},[84,97271,12993],{"class":391},[84,97273,854],{"class":387},[84,97275,9188],{"class":102},[84,97277,97278],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97279,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97281,97282,97284,97286,97288],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97283,17385],{"class":90},[84,97285,425],{"class":102},[84,97287,11262],{"class":121},[84,97289,8520],{"class":102},[84,97291,97292],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,97293,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97295,97296,97298,97300,97302],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,97297,116],{"class":98},[84,97299,103],{"class":102},[84,97301,17385],{"class":121},[84,97303,110],{"class":102},[24,97305,265],{},[75,97307,97308],{"className":77,"code":97158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,97309,97310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97311,97312,97314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97313,6159],{"class":139},[84,97315,8520],{"class":102},[24,97317,11564],{},[33,97319,97320,97325,97330],{},[36,97321,97322,97324],{},[15,97323,17385],{}," starts with three values",[36,97326,97327,11577],{},[15,97328,97329],{},"colors.clear()",[36,97331,97332,97333,97335],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97334,3672],{},", which means an empty set",[70,97337,97339,97341],{"id":97338},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97340,11200],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[24,97343,97344,28,97346,97348],{},[15,97345,11200],{},[15,97347,3672],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1667,97350,1442,97352],{"id":97351},"using-clear",[15,97353,11200],{},[75,97355,97357],{"className":77,"code":97356,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97358,97359,97379,97389,97393,97403,97407,97417],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97360,97361,97363,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97362,7656],{"class":90},[84,97364,95],{"class":94},[84,97366,10371],{"class":102},[84,97368,838],{"class":106},[84,97370,282],{"class":102},[84,97372,304],{"class":106},[84,97374,282],{"class":102},[84,97376,309],{"class":106},[84,97378,9188],{"class":102},[84,97380,97381,97384,97386],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97382,97383],{"class":90},"other_name ",[84,97385,95],{"class":94},[84,97387,97388],{"class":90}," items\n",[84,97390,97391],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97392,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97394,97395,97397,97399,97401],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,97396,7687],{"class":90},[84,97398,425],{"class":102},[84,97400,11262],{"class":121},[84,97402,8520],{"class":102},[84,97404,97405],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,97406,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97408,97409,97411,97413,97415],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,97410,116],{"class":98},[84,97412,103],{"class":102},[84,97414,7687],{"class":121},[84,97416,110],{"class":102},[84,97418,97419,97421,97423,97426],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,97420,116],{"class":98},[84,97422,103],{"class":102},[84,97424,97425],{"class":121},"other_name",[84,97427,110],{"class":102},[24,97429,265],{},[75,97431,97433],{"className":77,"code":97432,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97434,97435,97441],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97436,97437,97439],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97438,6159],{"class":139},[84,97440,8520],{"class":102},[84,97442,97443,97445],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97444,6159],{"class":139},[84,97446,8520],{"class":102},[24,97448,97449,97450,425],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[42,97451,97452],{},"same set object",[1667,97454,1442,97456],{"id":97455},"using-set",[15,97457,3672],{},[75,97459,97461],{"className":77,"code":97460,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97462,97463,97483,97491,97495,97505,97509,97519],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97464,97465,97467,97469,97471,97473,97475,97477,97479,97481],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97466,7656],{"class":90},[84,97468,95],{"class":94},[84,97470,10371],{"class":102},[84,97472,838],{"class":106},[84,97474,282],{"class":102},[84,97476,304],{"class":106},[84,97478,282],{"class":102},[84,97480,309],{"class":106},[84,97482,9188],{"class":102},[84,97484,97485,97487,97489],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97486,97383],{"class":90},[84,97488,95],{"class":94},[84,97490,97388],{"class":90},[84,97492,97493],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97494,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97496,97497,97499,97501,97503],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,97498,7656],{"class":90},[84,97500,95],{"class":94},[84,97502,15515],{"class":139},[84,97504,8520],{"class":102},[84,97506,97507],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,97508,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97510,97511,97513,97515,97517],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,97512,116],{"class":98},[84,97514,103],{"class":102},[84,97516,7687],{"class":121},[84,97518,110],{"class":102},[84,97520,97521,97523,97525,97527],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,97522,116],{"class":98},[84,97524,103],{"class":102},[84,97526,97425],{"class":121},[84,97528,110],{"class":102},[24,97530,265],{},[75,97532,97534],{"className":77,"code":97533,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97535,97536,97542],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97537,97538,97540],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97539,6159],{"class":139},[84,97541,8520],{"class":102},[84,97543,97544,97546,97548,97550,97552,97554,97556],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97545,9157],{"class":102},[84,97547,838],{"class":106},[84,97549,282],{"class":102},[84,97551,304],{"class":106},[84,97553,282],{"class":102},[84,97555,309],{"class":106},[84,97557,9188],{"class":102},[24,97559,532,97560,40,97563,97566,97567,425,97569,97571,97572,97574],{},[15,97561,97562],{},"items = set()",[42,97564,97565],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97568,7687],{},[9726,97570],{},"\nBut ",[15,97573,97425],{}," still points to the original set.",[24,97576,97577],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[24,97579,97580,97581,425],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[419,97582,96032],{"href":97583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[70,97585,17301],{"id":17300},[24,97587,97588,13937,97590,97592],{},[15,97589,11200],{},[42,97591,1367],{}," return the emptied set.",[24,97594,5022,97595,425],{},[15,97596,3653],{},[75,97598,97600],{"className":77,"code":97599,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97601,97602,97622,97626,97640,97644,97654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97603,97604,97606,97608,97610,97612,97614,97616,97618,97620],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97605,91],{"class":90},[84,97607,95],{"class":94},[84,97609,10371],{"class":102},[84,97611,838],{"class":106},[84,97613,282],{"class":102},[84,97615,304],{"class":106},[84,97617,282],{"class":102},[84,97619,309],{"class":106},[84,97621,9188],{"class":102},[84,97623,97624],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97625,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97627,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97629,2110],{"class":90},[84,97631,95],{"class":94},[84,97633,4137],{"class":90},[84,97635,425],{"class":102},[84,97637,11262],{"class":121},[84,97639,8520],{"class":102},[84,97641,97642],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,97643,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,97647,116],{"class":98},[84,97649,103],{"class":102},[84,97651,2145],{"class":121},[84,97653,110],{"class":102},[84,97655,97656,97658,97660,97662],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,97657,116],{"class":98},[84,97659,103],{"class":102},[84,97661,122],{"class":121},[84,97663,110],{"class":102},[24,97665,265],{},[75,97667,97669],{"className":77,"code":97668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\nset()\n",[15,97670,97671,97675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97672,97673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97674,11689],{"class":659},[84,97676,97677,97679],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97678,6159],{"class":139},[84,97680,8520],{"class":102},[24,97682,97683],{},"Do not do this:",[75,97685,97687],{"className":77,"code":97686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97688,97689,97709,97723,97727],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97692,91],{"class":90},[84,97694,95],{"class":94},[84,97696,10371],{"class":102},[84,97698,838],{"class":106},[84,97700,282],{"class":102},[84,97702,304],{"class":106},[84,97704,282],{"class":102},[84,97706,309],{"class":106},[84,97708,9188],{"class":102},[84,97710,97711,97713,97715,97717,97719,97721],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97712,91],{"class":90},[84,97714,95],{"class":94},[84,97716,4137],{"class":90},[84,97718,425],{"class":102},[84,97720,11262],{"class":121},[84,97722,8520],{"class":102},[84,97724,97725],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97726,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,97728,97729,97731,97733,97735],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,97730,116],{"class":98},[84,97732,103],{"class":102},[84,97734,122],{"class":121},[84,97736,110],{"class":102},[24,97738,265],{},[75,97740,97741],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,97742,97743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97744,97745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97746,11689],{"class":659},[24,97748,22070,97749,2279,97751,97753,97754,97756,97757,425],{},[15,97750,54428],{},[15,97752,3653],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97755,3653],{}," back to ",[15,97758,122],{},[70,97760,4393],{"id":4392},[24,97762,10627,97763,425],{},[15,97764,97100],{},[1667,97766,12476,97768],{"id":97767},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97769,11200],{},[24,97771,16526],{},[75,97773,97775],{"className":77,"code":97774,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97776,97777,97797,97811],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97778,97779,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789,97791,97793,97795],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97780,15510],{"class":90},[84,97782,95],{"class":94},[84,97784,10371],{"class":102},[84,97786,838],{"class":106},[84,97788,282],{"class":102},[84,97790,304],{"class":106},[84,97792,282],{"class":102},[84,97794,309],{"class":106},[84,97796,9188],{"class":102},[84,97798,97799,97801,97803,97805,97807,97809],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97800,15510],{"class":90},[84,97802,95],{"class":94},[84,97804,96624],{"class":90},[84,97806,425],{"class":102},[84,97808,11262],{"class":121},[84,97810,8520],{"class":102},[84,97812,97813,97815,97817,97819],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97814,116],{"class":98},[84,97816,103],{"class":102},[84,97818,15548],{"class":121},[84,97820,110],{"class":102},[24,97822,265],{},[75,97824,97825],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,97826,97827],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97828,97829],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97830,11689],{"class":659},[24,97832,16538],{},[75,97834,97836],{"className":77,"code":97835,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97837,97838,97858,97868],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97839,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97841,15510],{"class":90},[84,97843,95],{"class":94},[84,97845,10371],{"class":102},[84,97847,838],{"class":106},[84,97849,282],{"class":102},[84,97851,304],{"class":106},[84,97853,282],{"class":102},[84,97855,309],{"class":106},[84,97857,9188],{"class":102},[84,97859,97860,97862,97864,97866],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97861,15548],{"class":90},[84,97863,425],{"class":102},[84,97865,11262],{"class":121},[84,97867,8520],{"class":102},[84,97869,97870,97872,97874,97876],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,97871,116],{"class":98},[84,97873,103],{"class":102},[84,97875,15548],{"class":121},[84,97877,110],{"class":102},[24,97879,265],{},[75,97881,97882],{"className":77,"code":97158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,97883,97884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97885,97886,97888],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97887,6159],{"class":139},[84,97889,8520],{"class":102},[1667,97891,8329,97893,97895],{"id":97892},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97894,11200],{}," to remove only one item",[24,97897,97898,97900,97901,97903],{},[15,97899,11200],{}," removes ",[42,97902,3590],{}," items from the set.",[24,97905,97906,97907,2759,97912,425],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[419,97908,97910],{"href":97909},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97911,1266],{},[419,97913,97915],{"href":97914},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97916,12645],{},[1667,97918,1442,97920,97922],{"id":97919},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97921,3667],{}," for an empty set",[24,97924,25567],{},[75,97926,97928],{"className":77,"code":97927,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97929,97930,97939],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97931,97932,97935,97937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97933,97934],{"class":90},"empty_value ",[84,97936,95],{"class":94},[84,97938,9718],{"class":102},[84,97940,97941,97943,97945,97947,97949,97952],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,97942,116],{"class":98},[84,97944,103],{"class":102},[84,97946,334],{"class":139},[84,97948,103],{"class":102},[84,97950,97951],{"class":121},"empty_value",[84,97953,232],{"class":102},[24,97955,265],{},[75,97957,97958],{"className":77,"code":8686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,97959,97960],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97961,97962,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97963,380],{"class":94},[84,97965,384],{"class":383},[84,97967,388],{"class":387},[84,97969,8699],{"class":391},[84,97971,394],{"class":387},[84,97973,397],{"class":94},[24,97975,97976,8666],{},[15,97977,3667],{},[24,97979,97980],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[75,97982,97984],{"className":77,"code":97983,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97985,97986,97997],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97987,97988,97991,97993,97995],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97989,97990],{"class":90},"empty_set ",[84,97992,95],{"class":94},[84,97994,15515],{"class":139},[84,97996,8520],{"class":102},[84,97998,97999,98001,98003,98005,98007,98010],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98000,116],{"class":98},[84,98002,103],{"class":102},[84,98004,334],{"class":139},[84,98006,103],{"class":102},[84,98008,98009],{"class":121},"empty_set",[84,98011,232],{"class":102},[24,98013,265],{},[75,98015,98016],{"className":77,"code":8730,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98017,98018],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98019,98020,98022,98024,98026,98028,98030],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98021,380],{"class":94},[84,98023,384],{"class":383},[84,98025,388],{"class":387},[84,98027,6159],{"class":391},[84,98029,394],{"class":387},[84,98031,397],{"class":94},[1667,98033,98035],{"id":98034},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[75,98037,98039],{"className":77,"code":98038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98040,98041,98065,98073,98077,98087,98091,98101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98042,98043,98045,98047,98049,98051,98053,98055,98057,98059,98061,98063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98044,2436],{"class":90},[84,98046,95],{"class":94},[84,98048,10371],{"class":102},[84,98050,854],{"class":387},[84,98052,2055],{"class":391},[84,98054,854],{"class":387},[84,98056,282],{"class":102},[84,98058,3230],{"class":387},[84,98060,11626],{"class":391},[84,98062,854],{"class":387},[84,98064,9188],{"class":102},[84,98066,98067,98069,98071],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98068,2463],{"class":90},[84,98070,95],{"class":94},[84,98072,36050],{"class":90},[84,98074,98075],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,98076,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,98078,98079,98081,98083,98085],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,98080,419],{"class":90},[84,98082,425],{"class":102},[84,98084,11262],{"class":121},[84,98086,8520],{"class":102},[84,98088,98089],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,98090,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,98092,98093,98095,98097,98099],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,98094,116],{"class":98},[84,98096,103],{"class":102},[84,98098,419],{"class":121},[84,98100,110],{"class":102},[84,98102,98103,98105,98107,98109],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,98104,116],{"class":98},[84,98106,103],{"class":102},[84,98108,4634],{"class":121},[84,98110,110],{"class":102},[24,98112,265],{},[75,98114,98115],{"className":77,"code":97432,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98116,98117,98123],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98118,98119,98121],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98120,6159],{"class":139},[84,98122,8520],{"class":102},[84,98124,98125,98127],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98126,6159],{"class":139},[84,98128,8520],{"class":102},[24,98130,28938,98131,28,98133,98135],{},[15,98132,419],{},[15,98134,4634],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[70,98137,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,98139,5016,98141,5019],{"id":98140},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98142,97100],{},[24,98144,5022,98145,98147],{},[15,98146,3653],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1667,98149,12586,98151,98153],{"id":98150},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98152,11200],{}," delete the set variable?",[24,98155,98156],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1667,98158,98160],{"id":98159},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[24,98162,98163,98164,98166,98167,425],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98165,11200],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98168,3672],{},[1667,98170,5053,98172,28,98174,1689],{"id":98171},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98173,11200],{},[15,98175,3672],{},[24,98177,98178,98180,98181,98183],{},[15,98179,11200],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98182,3672],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[70,98185,1777],{"id":1776},[33,98187,98188,98192,98196,98203,98209,98215],{},[36,98189,98190],{},[419,98191,96028],{"href":97199},[36,98193,98194],{},[419,98195,97038],{"href":97583},[36,98197,98198],{},[419,98199,96514,98201,10620],{"href":98200},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98202,95903],{},[36,98204,98205],{},[419,98206,96514,98207,10620],{"href":97909},[15,98208,1266],{},[36,98210,98211],{},[419,98212,96514,98213,10620],{"href":97914},[15,98214,12645],{},[36,98216,98217],{},[419,98218,96514,98220,10620],{"href":98219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98221,14837],{},[1814,98223,98224],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":98226},[98227,98229,98230,98231,98238,98239,98248,98257],{"id":97174,"depth":113,"text":98228},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":97338,"depth":113,"text":98232,"children":98233},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98234,98236],{"id":97351,"depth":132,"text":98235},"Using clear()",{"id":97455,"depth":132,"text":98237},"Using set()",{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":98240},[98241,98243,98245,98247],{"id":97767,"depth":132,"text":98242},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97892,"depth":132,"text":98244},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97919,"depth":132,"text":98246},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98034,"depth":132,"text":98035},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":98249},[98250,98252,98254,98255],{"id":98140,"depth":132,"text":98251},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98150,"depth":132,"text":98253},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98159,"depth":132,"text":98160},{"id":98171,"depth":132,"text":98256},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97088,"description":98258},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98265,"title":98266,"body":98267,"description":100099,"extension":1845,"meta":100100,"navigation":237,"path":96031,"seo":100101,"stem":100102,"__hash__":100103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98268,"toc":100056},[98269,98272,98275,98278,98280,98383,98387,98434,98440,98442,98461,98465,98468,98470,98484,98493,98497,98500,98535,98539,98559,98562,98566,98569,98630,98634,98659,98666,98672,98677,98679,98691,98695,98744,98748,98772,98779,98783,98824,98828,98849,98853,98886,98890,98931,98934,98938,98943,98982,98986,99011,99016,99022,99059,99063,99086,99090,99092,99095,99098,99175,99179,99216,99219,99223,99229,99232,99242,99291,99297,99303,99330,99333,99355,99357,99388,99391,99395,99399,99438,99442,99505,99508,99541,99545,99570,99572,99575,99581,99584,99611,99614,99632,99636,99640,99643,99686,99689,99693,99696,99699,99729,99732,99736,99739,99754,99759,99763,99766,99855,99857,99860,99950,99953,99971,99973,99977,99987,99991,99999,100003,100006,100010,100013,100017,100020,100022,100050,100053],[10,98270,98266],{"id":98271},"python-set-creating-a-set",[24,98273,98274],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[24,98276,98277],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[70,98279,73],{"id":72},[75,98281,98283],{"className":77,"code":98282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98284,98285,98305,98339,98349,98353,98363,98373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98286,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297,98299,98301,98303],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98288,91],{"class":90},[84,98290,95],{"class":94},[84,98292,10371],{"class":102},[84,98294,838],{"class":106},[84,98296,282],{"class":102},[84,98298,304],{"class":106},[84,98300,282],{"class":102},[84,98302,309],{"class":106},[84,98304,9188],{"class":102},[84,98306,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319,98321,98323,98325,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98308,3943],{"class":90},[84,98310,95],{"class":94},[84,98312,15515],{"class":139},[84,98314,2865],{"class":102},[84,98316,854],{"class":387},[84,98318,3952],{"class":391},[84,98320,854],{"class":387},[84,98322,282],{"class":102},[84,98324,3230],{"class":387},[84,98326,3961],{"class":391},[84,98328,854],{"class":387},[84,98330,282],{"class":102},[84,98332,3230],{"class":387},[84,98334,3952],{"class":391},[84,98336,854],{"class":387},[84,98338,741],{"class":102},[84,98340,98341,98343,98345,98347],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,98342,97990],{"class":90},[84,98344,95],{"class":94},[84,98346,15515],{"class":139},[84,98348,8520],{"class":102},[84,98350,98351],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,98352,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,98354,98355,98357,98359,98361],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,98356,116],{"class":98},[84,98358,103],{"class":102},[84,98360,122],{"class":121},[84,98362,110],{"class":102},[84,98364,98365,98367,98369,98371],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,98366,116],{"class":98},[84,98368,103],{"class":102},[84,98370,3987],{"class":121},[84,98372,110],{"class":102},[84,98374,98375,98377,98379,98381],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,98376,116],{"class":98},[84,98378,103],{"class":102},[84,98380,98009],{"class":121},[84,98382,110],{"class":102},[24,98384,98385],{},[42,98386,265],{},[75,98388,98390],{"className":77,"code":98389,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98391,98392,98408,98428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98393,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98395,9157],{"class":102},[84,98397,838],{"class":106},[84,98399,282],{"class":102},[84,98401,304],{"class":106},[84,98403,282],{"class":102},[84,98405,309],{"class":106},[84,98407,9188],{"class":102},[84,98409,98410,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98411,9157],{"class":102},[84,98413,394],{"class":387},[84,98415,3961],{"class":391},[84,98417,394],{"class":387},[84,98419,282],{"class":102},[84,98421,388],{"class":387},[84,98423,3952],{"class":391},[84,98425,394],{"class":387},[84,98427,9188],{"class":102},[84,98429,98430,98432],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,98431,6159],{"class":139},[84,98433,8520],{"class":102},[24,98435,98436,98437,98439],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98438,3672],{}," for an empty set.",[70,98441,15046],{"id":15045},[33,98443,98444,98447,98452,98455,98458],{},[36,98445,98446],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[36,98448,98449,98450],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98451,3672],{},[36,98453,98454],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[36,98456,98457],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[36,98459,98460],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[70,98462,98464],{"id":98463},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[24,98466,98467],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[24,98469,30416],{},[33,98471,98472,98475,98478,98481],{},[36,98473,98474],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[36,98476,98477],{},"Sets are unordered",[36,98479,98480],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[36,98482,98483],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[24,98485,98486,98487,2759,98489,425],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[419,98488,96028],{"href":97199},[419,98490,98492],{"href":98491},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[70,98494,98496],{"id":98495},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[24,98498,98499],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[75,98501,98503],{"className":77,"code":98502,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98504,98505,98525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98506,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98508,91],{"class":90},[84,98510,95],{"class":94},[84,98512,10371],{"class":102},[84,98514,838],{"class":106},[84,98516,282],{"class":102},[84,98518,304],{"class":106},[84,98520,282],{"class":102},[84,98522,309],{"class":106},[84,98524,9188],{"class":102},[84,98526,98527,98529,98531,98533],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98528,116],{"class":98},[84,98530,103],{"class":102},[84,98532,122],{"class":121},[84,98534,110],{"class":102},[24,98536,98537],{},[42,98538,29905],{},[75,98540,98541],{"className":77,"code":96307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98542,98543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98544,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98546,9157],{"class":102},[84,98548,838],{"class":106},[84,98550,282],{"class":102},[84,98552,304],{"class":106},[84,98554,282],{"class":102},[84,98556,309],{"class":106},[84,98558,9188],{"class":102},[24,98560,98561],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1667,98563,98565],{"id":98564},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[24,98567,98568],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[75,98570,98572],{"className":77,"code":98571,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98573,98574,98606,98616],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98575,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98577,91],{"class":90},[84,98579,95],{"class":94},[84,98581,10371],{"class":102},[84,98583,838],{"class":106},[84,98585,282],{"class":102},[84,98587,304],{"class":106},[84,98589,282],{"class":102},[84,98591,304],{"class":106},[84,98593,282],{"class":102},[84,98595,309],{"class":106},[84,98597,282],{"class":102},[84,98599,309],{"class":106},[84,98601,282],{"class":102},[84,98603,309],{"class":106},[84,98605,9188],{"class":102},[84,98607,98608,98610,98612,98614],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98609,116],{"class":98},[84,98611,103],{"class":102},[84,98613,122],{"class":121},[84,98615,110],{"class":102},[84,98617,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,98619,116],{"class":98},[84,98621,103],{"class":102},[84,98623,602],{"class":98},[84,98625,103],{"class":102},[84,98627,122],{"class":121},[84,98629,232],{"class":102},[24,98631,98632],{},[42,98633,29905],{},[75,98635,98637],{"className":77,"code":98636,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98638,98639,98655],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98640,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98642,9157],{"class":102},[84,98644,838],{"class":106},[84,98646,282],{"class":102},[84,98648,304],{"class":106},[84,98650,282],{"class":102},[84,98652,309],{"class":106},[84,98654,9188],{"class":102},[84,98656,98657],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98658,524],{"class":106},[24,98660,20861,98661,28,98663,98665],{},[15,98662,568],{},[15,98664,1162],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[70,98667,98669,98670],{"id":98668},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98671,3672],{},[24,98673,153,98674,98676],{},[15,98675,3672],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[24,98678,5331],{},[33,98680,98681,98683,98685,98687],{},[36,98682,96787],{},[36,98684,96083],{},[36,98686,56332],{},[36,98688,98689],{},[15,98690,17],{},[1667,98692,98694],{"id":98693},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[75,98696,98698],{"className":77,"code":98697,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98699,98700,98734],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98701,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98703,91],{"class":90},[84,98705,95],{"class":94},[84,98707,15515],{"class":139},[84,98709,2865],{"class":102},[84,98711,838],{"class":106},[84,98713,282],{"class":102},[84,98715,304],{"class":106},[84,98717,282],{"class":102},[84,98719,304],{"class":106},[84,98721,282],{"class":102},[84,98723,309],{"class":106},[84,98725,282],{"class":102},[84,98727,309],{"class":106},[84,98729,282],{"class":102},[84,98731,314],{"class":106},[84,98733,741],{"class":102},[84,98735,98736,98738,98740,98742],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98737,116],{"class":98},[84,98739,103],{"class":102},[84,98741,122],{"class":121},[84,98743,110],{"class":102},[24,98745,98746],{},[42,98747,29905],{},[75,98749,98750],{"className":77,"code":95970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98751,98752],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98753,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98755,9157],{"class":102},[84,98757,838],{"class":106},[84,98759,282],{"class":102},[84,98761,304],{"class":106},[84,98763,282],{"class":102},[84,98765,309],{"class":106},[84,98767,282],{"class":102},[84,98769,314],{"class":106},[84,98771,9188],{"class":102},[24,98773,98774,98775,425],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[419,98776,98778],{"href":98777},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1667,98780,98782],{"id":98781},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[75,98784,98786],{"className":77,"code":98785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98787,98788,98814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98789,98790,98792,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98791,3698],{"class":90},[84,98793,95],{"class":94},[84,98795,15515],{"class":139},[84,98797,5384],{"class":102},[84,98799,2212],{"class":106},[84,98801,282],{"class":102},[84,98803,7667],{"class":106},[84,98805,282],{"class":102},[84,98807,7667],{"class":106},[84,98809,282],{"class":102},[84,98811,7672],{"class":106},[84,98813,232],{"class":102},[84,98815,98816,98818,98820,98822],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98817,116],{"class":98},[84,98819,103],{"class":102},[84,98821,5233],{"class":121},[84,98823,110],{"class":102},[24,98825,98826],{},[42,98827,29905],{},[75,98829,98831],{"className":77,"code":98830,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98832,98833],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98834,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98836,9157],{"class":102},[84,98838,2212],{"class":106},[84,98840,282],{"class":102},[84,98842,7667],{"class":106},[84,98844,282],{"class":102},[84,98846,7672],{"class":106},[84,98848,9188],{"class":102},[1667,98850,98852],{"id":98851},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[75,98854,98856],{"className":77,"code":98855,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98857,98858,98876],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98859,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98861,35967],{"class":90},[84,98863,95],{"class":94},[84,98865,15515],{"class":139},[84,98867,103],{"class":102},[84,98869,854],{"class":387},[84,98871,3721],{"class":391},[84,98873,854],{"class":387},[84,98875,110],{"class":102},[84,98877,98878,98880,98882,98884],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98879,116],{"class":98},[84,98881,103],{"class":102},[84,98883,36019],{"class":121},[84,98885,110],{"class":102},[24,98887,98888],{},[42,98889,29905],{},[75,98891,98893],{"className":77,"code":98892,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98894,98895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98896,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98898,9157],{"class":102},[84,98900,394],{"class":387},[84,98902,60305],{"class":391},[84,98904,394],{"class":387},[84,98906,282],{"class":102},[84,98908,388],{"class":387},[84,98910,60314],{"class":391},[84,98912,394],{"class":387},[84,98914,282],{"class":102},[84,98916,388],{"class":387},[84,98918,60323],{"class":391},[84,98920,394],{"class":387},[84,98922,282],{"class":102},[84,98924,388],{"class":387},[84,98926,60340],{"class":391},[84,98928,394],{"class":387},[84,98930,9188],{"class":102},[24,98932,98933],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[70,98935,98937],{"id":98936},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[24,98939,98940,98941,425],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98942,3672],{},[75,98944,98946],{"className":77,"code":98945,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98947,98948,98958,98968],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98949,98950,98952,98954,98956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98951,97990],{"class":90},[84,98953,95],{"class":94},[84,98955,15515],{"class":139},[84,98957,8520],{"class":102},[84,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,98961,116],{"class":98},[84,98963,103],{"class":102},[84,98965,98009],{"class":121},[84,98967,110],{"class":102},[84,98969,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,98971,116],{"class":98},[84,98973,103],{"class":102},[84,98975,334],{"class":139},[84,98977,103],{"class":102},[84,98979,98009],{"class":121},[84,98981,232],{"class":102},[24,98983,98984],{},[42,98985,265],{},[75,98987,98989],{"className":77,"code":98988,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98990,98991,98997],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98992,98993,98995],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98994,6159],{"class":139},[84,98996,8520],{"class":102},[84,98998,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99000,380],{"class":94},[84,99002,384],{"class":383},[84,99004,388],{"class":387},[84,99006,6159],{"class":391},[84,99008,394],{"class":387},[84,99010,397],{"class":94},[1667,99012,44301,99014],{"id":99013},"do-not-use",[15,99015,3667],{},[24,99017,99018,99019,99021],{},"Empty braces do ",[42,99020,1367],{}," create a set.",[75,99023,99025],{"className":77,"code":99024,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99026,99027,99035,99045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99028,99029,99031,99033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99030,97934],{"class":90},[84,99032,95],{"class":94},[84,99034,9718],{"class":102},[84,99036,99037,99039,99041,99043],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99038,116],{"class":98},[84,99040,103],{"class":102},[84,99042,97951],{"class":121},[84,99044,110],{"class":102},[84,99046,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055,99057],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,99048,116],{"class":98},[84,99050,103],{"class":102},[84,99052,334],{"class":139},[84,99054,103],{"class":102},[84,99056,97951],{"class":121},[84,99058,232],{"class":102},[24,99060,99061],{},[42,99062,265],{},[75,99064,99066],{"className":77,"code":99065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99067,99068,99072],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99069,99070],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99071,9314],{"class":102},[84,99073,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99075,380],{"class":94},[84,99077,384],{"class":383},[84,99079,388],{"class":387},[84,99081,8699],{"class":391},[84,99083,394],{"class":387},[84,99085,397],{"class":94},[24,99087,99088,8666],{},[15,99089,3667],{},[70,99091,72132],{"id":72131},[24,99093,99094],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[24,99096,99097],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[75,99099,99101],{"className":77,"code":99100,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99102,99103,99151,99161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99104,99105,99107,99109,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99106,3943],{"class":90},[84,99108,95],{"class":94},[84,99110,10371],{"class":102},[84,99112,854],{"class":387},[84,99114,3952],{"class":391},[84,99116,854],{"class":387},[84,99118,282],{"class":102},[84,99120,3230],{"class":387},[84,99122,3961],{"class":391},[84,99124,854],{"class":387},[84,99126,282],{"class":102},[84,99128,3230],{"class":387},[84,99130,3952],{"class":391},[84,99132,854],{"class":387},[84,99134,282],{"class":102},[84,99136,3230],{"class":387},[84,99138,3952],{"class":391},[84,99140,854],{"class":387},[84,99142,282],{"class":102},[84,99144,3230],{"class":387},[84,99146,33098],{"class":391},[84,99148,854],{"class":387},[84,99150,9188],{"class":102},[84,99152,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99154,116],{"class":98},[84,99156,103],{"class":102},[84,99158,3987],{"class":121},[84,99160,110],{"class":102},[84,99162,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,99164,116],{"class":98},[84,99166,103],{"class":102},[84,99168,602],{"class":98},[84,99170,103],{"class":102},[84,99172,3987],{"class":121},[84,99174,232],{"class":102},[24,99176,99177],{},[42,99178,29905],{},[75,99180,99182],{"className":77,"code":99181,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99183,99184,99212],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99185,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99187,9157],{"class":102},[84,99189,394],{"class":387},[84,99191,3961],{"class":391},[84,99193,394],{"class":387},[84,99195,282],{"class":102},[84,99197,388],{"class":387},[84,99199,33098],{"class":391},[84,99201,394],{"class":387},[84,99203,282],{"class":102},[84,99205,388],{"class":387},[84,99207,3952],{"class":391},[84,99209,394],{"class":387},[84,99211,9188],{"class":102},[84,99213,99214],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99215,524],{"class":106},[24,99217,99218],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[70,99220,99222],{"id":99221},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[24,99224,99225,99226,99228],{},"Set items must be ",[42,99227,96071],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[24,99230,99231],{},"These usually work:",[33,99233,99234,99236,99238,99240],{},[36,99235,56329],{},[36,99237,56332],{},[36,99239,96083],{},[36,99241,40466],{},[75,99243,99245],{"className":77,"code":99244,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99246,99247,99281],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99248,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99250,3698],{"class":90},[84,99252,95],{"class":94},[84,99254,10371],{"class":102},[84,99256,838],{"class":106},[84,99258,282],{"class":102},[84,99260,3230],{"class":387},[84,99262,3952],{"class":391},[84,99264,854],{"class":387},[84,99266,282],{"class":102},[84,99268,9115],{"class":102},[84,99270,2212],{"class":106},[84,99272,282],{"class":102},[84,99274,7667],{"class":106},[84,99276,9112],{"class":102},[84,99278,3789],{"class":659},[84,99280,9188],{"class":102},[84,99282,99283,99285,99287,99289],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99284,116],{"class":98},[84,99286,103],{"class":102},[84,99288,5233],{"class":121},[84,99290,110],{"class":102},[24,99292,99293,99294,99296],{},"These do ",[42,99295,1367],{}," work directly:",[33,99298,99299,99301],{},[36,99300,96787],{},[36,99302,96790],{},[75,99304,99306],{"className":77,"code":99305,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99307,99308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99309,99310,99313,99315,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99311,99312],{"class":90},"bad_set ",[84,99314,95],{"class":94},[84,99316,99317],{"class":102}," {[",[84,99319,838],{"class":106},[84,99321,282],{"class":102},[84,99323,304],{"class":106},[84,99325,282],{"class":102},[84,99327,309],{"class":106},[84,99329,13589],{"class":102},[24,99331,99332],{},"This raises an error:",[75,99334,99335],{"className":77,"code":96846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,99336,99337],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99338,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99340,2884],{"class":139},[84,99342,881],{"class":102},[84,99344,96857],{"class":90},[84,99346,334],{"class":139},[84,99348,881],{"class":102},[84,99350,388],{"class":387},[84,99352,140],{"class":391},[84,99354,1257],{"class":387},[24,99356,51949],{},[75,99358,99360],{"className":77,"code":99359,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99361,99362],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99363,99364,99366,99368,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99365,99312],{"class":90},[84,99367,95],{"class":94},[84,99369,99370],{"class":102}," {{",[84,99372,854],{"class":387},[84,99374,7544],{"class":391},[84,99376,854],{"class":387},[84,99378,881],{"class":102},[84,99380,3230],{"class":387},[84,99382,7553],{"class":391},[84,99384,854],{"class":387},[84,99386,99387],{"class":102},"}}\n",[24,99389,99390],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[70,99392,99394],{"id":99393},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1667,99396,99398],{"id":99397},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[75,99400,99402],{"className":77,"code":99401,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99403,99404,99428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99405,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99407,91],{"class":90},[84,99409,95],{"class":94},[84,99411,10371],{"class":102},[84,99413,838],{"class":106},[84,99415,282],{"class":102},[84,99417,304],{"class":106},[84,99419,282],{"class":102},[84,99421,309],{"class":106},[84,99423,282],{"class":102},[84,99425,314],{"class":106},[84,99427,9188],{"class":102},[84,99429,99430,99432,99434,99436],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99431,116],{"class":98},[84,99433,103],{"class":102},[84,99435,122],{"class":121},[84,99437,110],{"class":102},[1667,99439,99441],{"id":99440},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[75,99443,99445],{"className":77,"code":99444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99446,99447,99475,99490,99494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99448,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99450,7656],{"class":90},[84,99452,95],{"class":94},[84,99454,3498],{"class":102},[84,99456,838],{"class":106},[84,99458,282],{"class":102},[84,99460,299],{"class":106},[84,99462,282],{"class":102},[84,99464,304],{"class":106},[84,99466,282],{"class":102},[84,99468,309],{"class":106},[84,99470,282],{"class":102},[84,99472,309],{"class":106},[84,99474,317],{"class":102},[84,99476,99477,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99478,99479],{"class":90},"unique_items ",[84,99481,95],{"class":94},[84,99483,15515],{"class":139},[84,99485,103],{"class":102},[84,99487,7687],{"class":121},[84,99489,110],{"class":102},[84,99491,99492],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,99493,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,99495,99496,99498,99500,99503],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,99497,116],{"class":98},[84,99499,103],{"class":102},[84,99501,99502],{"class":121},"unique_items",[84,99504,110],{"class":102},[1667,99506,98852],{"id":99507},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[75,99509,99511],{"className":77,"code":99510,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99512,99513,99531],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99514,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99516,35967],{"class":90},[84,99518,95],{"class":94},[84,99520,15515],{"class":139},[84,99522,103],{"class":102},[84,99524,854],{"class":387},[84,99526,3961],{"class":391},[84,99528,854],{"class":387},[84,99530,110],{"class":102},[84,99532,99533,99535,99537,99539],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99534,116],{"class":98},[84,99536,103],{"class":102},[84,99538,36019],{"class":121},[84,99540,110],{"class":102},[1667,99542,99544],{"id":99543},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[75,99546,99548],{"className":77,"code":99547,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99549,99550,99560],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99551,99552,99554,99556,99558],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99553,97990],{"class":90},[84,99555,95],{"class":94},[84,99557,15515],{"class":139},[84,99559,8520],{"class":102},[84,99561,99562,99564,99566,99568],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99563,116],{"class":98},[84,99565,103],{"class":102},[84,99567,98009],{"class":121},[84,99569,110],{"class":102},[70,99571,1434],{"id":1433},[24,99573,99574],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1667,99576,1442,99578,99580],{"id":99577},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99579,3667],{}," and expecting an empty set",[24,99582,99583],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[75,99585,99587],{"className":77,"code":99586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99588,99589,99597],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99590,99591,99593,99595],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99592,2329],{"class":90},[84,99594,95],{"class":94},[84,99596,9718],{"class":102},[84,99598,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99600,116],{"class":98},[84,99602,103],{"class":102},[84,99604,334],{"class":139},[84,99606,103],{"class":102},[84,99608,2354],{"class":121},[84,99610,232],{"class":102},[24,99612,99613],{},"This prints:",[75,99615,99616],{"className":77,"code":8686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,99617,99618],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99619,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628,99630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99621,380],{"class":94},[84,99623,384],{"class":383},[84,99625,388],{"class":387},[84,99627,8699],{"class":391},[84,99629,394],{"class":387},[84,99631,397],{"class":94},[24,99633,153,99634,6505],{},[15,99635,3672],{},[1667,99637,99639],{"id":99638},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[24,99641,99642],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[75,99644,99646],{"className":77,"code":99645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99647,99648,99676],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99649,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99651,91],{"class":90},[84,99653,95],{"class":94},[84,99655,10371],{"class":102},[84,99657,838],{"class":106},[84,99659,282],{"class":102},[84,99661,299],{"class":106},[84,99663,282],{"class":102},[84,99665,304],{"class":106},[84,99667,282],{"class":102},[84,99669,304],{"class":106},[84,99671,282],{"class":102},[84,99673,309],{"class":106},[84,99675,9188],{"class":102},[84,99677,99678,99680,99682,99684],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99679,116],{"class":98},[84,99681,103],{"class":102},[84,99683,122],{"class":121},[84,99685,110],{"class":102},[24,99687,99688],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1667,99690,99692],{"id":99691},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[24,99694,99695],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[24,99697,99698],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[75,99700,99702],{"className":77,"code":99701,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99703,99704,99724],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99705,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99707,91],{"class":90},[84,99709,95],{"class":94},[84,99711,10371],{"class":102},[84,99713,2212],{"class":106},[84,99715,282],{"class":102},[84,99717,7667],{"class":106},[84,99719,282],{"class":102},[84,99721,7672],{"class":106},[84,99723,9188],{"class":102},[84,99725,99726],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99727,99728],{"class":128},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[24,99730,99731],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1667,99733,99735],{"id":99734},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[24,99737,99738],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[75,99740,99742],{"className":77,"code":99741,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99743,99744,99749],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99745,99746],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99747,99748],{"class":128},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[84,99750,99751],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99752,99753],{"class":128},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[24,99755,99756,99757,425],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99758,2884],{},[1667,99760,99762],{"id":99761},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[24,99764,99765],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[75,99767,99769],{"className":77,"code":99768,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99770,99771,99791,99823,99827,99841],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99772,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99774,15510],{"class":90},[84,99776,95],{"class":94},[84,99778,10371],{"class":102},[84,99780,838],{"class":106},[84,99782,282],{"class":102},[84,99784,304],{"class":106},[84,99786,282],{"class":102},[84,99788,309],{"class":106},[84,99790,9188],{"class":102},[84,99792,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99794,11605],{"class":90},[84,99796,95],{"class":94},[84,99798,10371],{"class":102},[84,99800,854],{"class":387},[84,99802,419],{"class":391},[84,99804,854],{"class":387},[84,99806,881],{"class":102},[84,99808,299],{"class":106},[84,99810,282],{"class":102},[84,99812,3230],{"class":387},[84,99814,4634],{"class":391},[84,99816,854],{"class":387},[84,99818,881],{"class":102},[84,99820,304],{"class":106},[84,99822,9188],{"class":102},[84,99824,99825],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,99826,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,99828,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,99830,116],{"class":98},[84,99832,103],{"class":102},[84,99834,334],{"class":139},[84,99836,103],{"class":102},[84,99838,15548],{"class":121},[84,99840,232],{"class":102},[84,99842,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,99844,116],{"class":98},[84,99846,103],{"class":102},[84,99848,334],{"class":139},[84,99850,103],{"class":102},[84,99852,11329],{"class":121},[84,99854,232],{"class":102},[70,99856,92642],{"id":92641},[24,99858,99859],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[75,99861,99863],{"className":77,"code":99862,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99864,99865,99891,99895,99909,99919,99933,99940],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99866,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881,99883,99885,99887,99889],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99868,15510],{"class":90},[84,99870,95],{"class":94},[84,99872,15515],{"class":139},[84,99874,2865],{"class":102},[84,99876,838],{"class":106},[84,99878,282],{"class":102},[84,99880,304],{"class":106},[84,99882,282],{"class":102},[84,99884,304],{"class":106},[84,99886,282],{"class":102},[84,99888,309],{"class":106},[84,99890,741],{"class":102},[84,99892,99893],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,99894,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,99896,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,99898,116],{"class":98},[84,99900,103],{"class":102},[84,99902,334],{"class":139},[84,99904,103],{"class":102},[84,99906,15548],{"class":121},[84,99908,232],{"class":102},[84,99910,99911,99913,99915,99917],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,99912,116],{"class":98},[84,99914,103],{"class":102},[84,99916,15548],{"class":121},[84,99918,110],{"class":102},[84,99920,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,99922,116],{"class":98},[84,99924,103],{"class":102},[84,99926,602],{"class":98},[84,99928,103],{"class":102},[84,99930,15548],{"class":121},[84,99932,232],{"class":102},[84,99934,99935,99937],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,99936,116],{"class":98},[84,99938,99939],{"class":102},"({})\n",[84,99941,99942,99944,99946,99948],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,99943,116],{"class":98},[84,99945,103],{"class":102},[84,99947,6159],{"class":139},[84,99949,7069],{"class":102},[24,99951,99952],{},"Use these to confirm:",[33,99954,99955,99958,99961,99964],{},[36,99956,99957],{},"The object type",[36,99959,99960],{},"The actual values stored",[36,99962,99963],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[36,99965,99966,99967,28,99969],{},"The difference between ",[15,99968,3667],{},[15,99970,3672],{},[70,99972,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,99974,99976],{"id":99975},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[24,99978,99979,99980,99983,99984,99986],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99981,99982],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99985,3672],{}," with another iterable.",[1667,99988,99990],{"id":99989},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[24,99992,153,99993,99995,99996,99998],{},[15,99994,3672],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99997,3667],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1667,100000,100002],{"id":100001},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[24,100004,100005],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1667,100007,100009],{"id":100008},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[24,100011,100012],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1667,100014,100016],{"id":100015},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[24,100018,100019],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[70,100021,1777],{"id":1776},[33,100023,100024,100028,100034,100040,100045],{},[36,100025,100026],{},[419,100027,96028],{"href":97199},[36,100029,100030],{},[419,100031,13,100032,10620],{"href":98200},[15,100033,95908],{},[36,100035,100036],{},[419,100037,13,100038,10620],{"href":98219},[15,100039,97014],{},[36,100041,100042],{},[419,100043,100044],{"href":98777},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[36,100046,100047],{},[419,100048,100049],{"href":98491},"What is a set in Python?",[24,100051,100052],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1814,100054,100055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":100057},[100058,100059,100060,100061,100064,100070,100074,100075,100076,100082,100090,100091,100098],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":15045,"depth":113,"text":15046},{"id":98463,"depth":113,"text":98464},{"id":98495,"depth":113,"text":98496,"children":100062},[100063],{"id":98564,"depth":132,"text":98565},{"id":98668,"depth":113,"text":100065,"children":100066},"Create a set with set()",[100067,100068,100069],{"id":98693,"depth":132,"text":98694},{"id":98781,"depth":132,"text":98782},{"id":98851,"depth":132,"text":98852},{"id":98936,"depth":113,"text":98937,"children":100071},[100072],{"id":99013,"depth":132,"text":100073},"Do not use {}",{"id":72131,"depth":113,"text":72132},{"id":99221,"depth":113,"text":99222},{"id":99393,"depth":113,"text":99394,"children":100077},[100078,100079,100080,100081],{"id":99397,"depth":132,"text":99398},{"id":99440,"depth":132,"text":99441},{"id":99507,"depth":132,"text":98852},{"id":99543,"depth":132,"text":99544},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":100083},[100084,100086,100087,100088,100089],{"id":99577,"depth":132,"text":100085},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99638,"depth":132,"text":99639},{"id":99691,"depth":132,"text":99692},{"id":99734,"depth":132,"text":99735},{"id":99761,"depth":132,"text":99762},{"id":92641,"depth":113,"text":92642},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":100092},[100093,100094,100095,100096,100097],{"id":99975,"depth":132,"text":99976},{"id":99989,"depth":132,"text":99990},{"id":100001,"depth":132,"text":100002},{"id":100008,"depth":132,"text":100009},{"id":100015,"depth":132,"text":100016},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98266,"description":100099},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100105,"title":100106,"body":100107,"description":102538,"extension":1845,"meta":102539,"navigation":237,"path":102540,"seo":102541,"stem":102542,"__hash__":102543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100108,"toc":102503},[100109,100115,100121,100124,100126,100203,100205,100222,100232,100234,100239,100247,100249,100265,100269,100271,100273,100276,100297,100300,100324,100330,100332,100429,100431,100448,100458,100460,100462,100470,100472,100483,100485,100576,100578,100602,100613,100615,100617,100620,100750,100752,100825,100827,100848,100851,100853,100859,100864,100867,100994,100996,101013,101016,101018,101026,101029,101033,101041,101132,101134,101171,101176,101183,101260,101262,101278,101283,101288,101290,101299,101307,101388,101390,101419,101422,101426,101437,101440,101523,101525,101546,101552,101554,101556,101560,101564,101571,101636,101638,101658,101661,101730,101732,101748,101752,101758,101770,101778,101780,101865,101867,101896,101899,101903,101908,101910,101960,101963,102044,102046,102062,102066,102069,102144,102147,102151,102154,102231,102233,102266,102272,102276,102279,102414,102416,102430,102432,102434,102440,102443,102450,102458,102464,102467,102471,102474,102476,102478,102500],[10,100110,95900,100112,11201],{"id":100111},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100113,100114],{},"difference()",[24,100116,100117,100120],{},[15,100118,100119],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[24,100122,100123],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[70,100125,73],{"id":72},[75,100127,100129],{"className":77,"code":100128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100130,100131,100155,100175,100193],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100132,100133,100135,100137,100139,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100134,2436],{"class":90},[84,100136,95],{"class":94},[84,100138,10371],{"class":102},[84,100140,838],{"class":106},[84,100142,282],{"class":102},[84,100144,304],{"class":106},[84,100146,282],{"class":102},[84,100148,309],{"class":106},[84,100150,282],{"class":102},[84,100152,314],{"class":106},[84,100154,9188],{"class":102},[84,100156,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,100158,2463],{"class":90},[84,100160,95],{"class":94},[84,100162,10371],{"class":102},[84,100164,1162],{"class":106},[84,100166,282],{"class":102},[84,100168,314],{"class":106},[84,100170,282],{"class":102},[84,100172,285],{"class":106},[84,100174,9188],{"class":102},[84,100176,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,100178,2110],{"class":90},[84,100180,95],{"class":94},[84,100182,56755],{"class":90},[84,100184,425],{"class":102},[84,100186,2693],{"class":121},[84,100188,103],{"class":102},[84,100190,4634],{"class":121},[84,100192,110],{"class":102},[84,100194,100195,100197,100199,100201],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,100196,116],{"class":98},[84,100198,103],{"class":102},[84,100200,2145],{"class":121},[84,100202,110],{"class":102},[24,100204,265],{},[75,100206,100208],{"className":77,"code":100207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100209,100210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100211,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100213,9157],{"class":102},[84,100215,838],{"class":106},[84,100217,282],{"class":102},[84,100219,304],{"class":106},[84,100221,9188],{"class":102},[24,100223,100224,100226,100227,100229,100230,425],{},[15,100225,100114],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100228,419],{}," that are not in ",[15,100231,4634],{},[44789,100233],{},[70,100235,429,100237,3554],{"id":100236},"what-difference-does",[15,100238,100114],{},[24,100240,1862,100241,100243,100244,100246],{},[15,100242,100114],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[42,100245,1367],{}," appear in the other set.",[24,100248,12935],{},[33,100250,100251,100256,100259,100262],{},[36,100252,100253,100255],{},[15,100254,100114],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[36,100257,100258],{},"It creates a new set",[36,100260,100261],{},"It does not change the original set",[36,100263,100264],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[24,100266,96024,100267,425],{},[419,100268,96028],{"href":97199},[44789,100270],{},[70,100272,2038],{"id":2037},[24,100274,100275],{},"Use this form:",[75,100277,100279],{"className":77,"code":100278,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100280,100281],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100282,100283,100286,100288,100290,100292,100295],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100284,100285],{"class":90},"set1",[84,100287,425],{"class":102},[84,100289,2693],{"class":121},[84,100291,103],{"class":102},[84,100293,100294],{"class":121},"set2",[84,100296,110],{"class":102},[24,100298,100299],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[75,100301,100303],{"className":77,"code":100302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100304,100305],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100306,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100322],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100308,100285],{"class":90},[84,100310,425],{"class":102},[84,100312,2693],{"class":121},[84,100314,103],{"class":102},[84,100316,100294],{"class":121},[84,100318,282],{"class":102},[84,100320,100321],{"class":121}," set3",[84,100323,110],{"class":102},[24,100325,100326,100327,100329],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[42,100328,5228],{}," of the other sets.",[24,100331,190],{},[75,100333,100335],{"className":77,"code":100334,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100336,100337,100365,100381,100393,100397,100419],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100338,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100351,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100340,2436],{"class":90},[84,100342,95],{"class":94},[84,100344,10371],{"class":102},[84,100346,838],{"class":106},[84,100348,282],{"class":102},[84,100350,304],{"class":106},[84,100352,282],{"class":102},[84,100354,309],{"class":106},[84,100356,282],{"class":102},[84,100358,314],{"class":106},[84,100360,282],{"class":102},[84,100362,285],{"class":106},[84,100364,9188],{"class":102},[84,100366,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,100368,2463],{"class":90},[84,100370,95],{"class":94},[84,100372,10371],{"class":102},[84,100374,568],{"class":106},[84,100376,282],{"class":102},[84,100378,309],{"class":106},[84,100380,9188],{"class":102},[84,100382,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,100384,83048],{"class":90},[84,100386,95],{"class":94},[84,100388,10371],{"class":102},[84,100390,107],{"class":106},[84,100392,9188],{"class":102},[84,100394,100395],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,100396,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,100398,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,100400,2110],{"class":90},[84,100402,95],{"class":94},[84,100404,56755],{"class":90},[84,100406,425],{"class":102},[84,100408,2693],{"class":121},[84,100410,103],{"class":102},[84,100412,4634],{"class":121},[84,100414,282],{"class":102},[84,100416,9561],{"class":121},[84,100418,110],{"class":102},[84,100420,100421,100423,100425,100427],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,100422,116],{"class":98},[84,100424,103],{"class":102},[84,100426,2145],{"class":121},[84,100428,110],{"class":102},[24,100430,265],{},[75,100432,100434],{"className":77,"code":100433,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100435,100436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100437,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100439,9157],{"class":102},[84,100441,838],{"class":106},[84,100443,282],{"class":102},[84,100445,314],{"class":106},[84,100447,9188],{"class":102},[24,100449,100450,100451,100453,100454,2759,100456,425],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100452,419],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100455,4634],{},[15,100457,9619],{},[44789,100459],{},[70,100461,17301],{"id":17300},[24,100463,100464,100466,100467,425],{},[15,100465,100114],{}," always returns a ",[42,100468,100469],{},"new set",[24,100471,43522],{},[33,100473,100474,100477,100480],{},[36,100475,100476],{},"The return value is a new set",[36,100478,100479],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[36,100481,100482],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[24,100484,190],{},[75,100486,100488],{"className":77,"code":100487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100489,100490,100506,100526,100530,100548,100552,100562],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100491,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100493,2436],{"class":90},[84,100495,95],{"class":94},[84,100497,10371],{"class":102},[84,100499,838],{"class":106},[84,100501,282],{"class":102},[84,100503,304],{"class":106},[84,100505,9188],{"class":102},[84,100507,100508,100510,100512,100514,100516,100518,100520,100522,100524],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,100509,2463],{"class":90},[84,100511,95],{"class":94},[84,100513,10371],{"class":102},[84,100515,838],{"class":106},[84,100517,282],{"class":102},[84,100519,304],{"class":106},[84,100521,282],{"class":102},[84,100523,309],{"class":106},[84,100525,9188],{"class":102},[84,100527,100528],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,100529,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,100531,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,100533,2110],{"class":90},[84,100535,95],{"class":94},[84,100537,56755],{"class":90},[84,100539,425],{"class":102},[84,100541,2693],{"class":121},[84,100543,103],{"class":102},[84,100545,4634],{"class":121},[84,100547,110],{"class":102},[84,100549,100550],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,100551,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,100553,100554,100556,100558,100560],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,100555,116],{"class":98},[84,100557,103],{"class":102},[84,100559,2145],{"class":121},[84,100561,110],{"class":102},[84,100563,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,100565,116],{"class":98},[84,100567,103],{"class":102},[84,100569,334],{"class":139},[84,100571,103],{"class":102},[84,100573,2145],{"class":121},[84,100575,232],{"class":102},[24,100577,265],{},[75,100579,100580],{"className":77,"code":98988,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,100581,100582,100588],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100583,100584,100586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100585,6159],{"class":139},[84,100587,8520],{"class":102},[84,100589,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,100591,380],{"class":94},[84,100593,384],{"class":383},[84,100595,388],{"class":387},[84,100597,6159],{"class":391},[84,100599,394],{"class":387},[84,100601,397],{"class":94},[24,100603,100604,100605,18847,100607,100609,100610,100612],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100606,3672],{},[15,100608,3667],{},". In Python, ",[15,100611,3667],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44789,100614],{},[70,100616,11355],{"id":11354},[24,100618,100619],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[75,100621,100623],{"className":77,"code":100622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100624,100625,100658,100691,100695,100715,100719,100729,100740],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100626,100627,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640,100642,100644,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100628,100629],{"class":90},"fruits_a ",[84,100631,95],{"class":94},[84,100633,10371],{"class":102},[84,100635,854],{"class":387},[84,100637,3952],{"class":391},[84,100639,854],{"class":387},[84,100641,282],{"class":102},[84,100643,3230],{"class":387},[84,100645,3961],{"class":391},[84,100647,854],{"class":387},[84,100649,282],{"class":102},[84,100651,3230],{"class":387},[84,100653,33098],{"class":391},[84,100655,854],{"class":387},[84,100657,9188],{"class":102},[84,100659,100660,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675,100677,100679,100681,100683,100685,100687,100689],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,100661,100662],{"class":90},"fruits_b ",[84,100664,95],{"class":94},[84,100666,10371],{"class":102},[84,100668,854],{"class":387},[84,100670,3961],{"class":391},[84,100672,854],{"class":387},[84,100674,282],{"class":102},[84,100676,3230],{"class":387},[84,100678,33098],{"class":391},[84,100680,854],{"class":387},[84,100682,282],{"class":102},[84,100684,3230],{"class":387},[84,100686,22414],{"class":391},[84,100688,854],{"class":387},[84,100690,9188],{"class":102},[84,100692,100693],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,100694,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,100696,100697,100699,100701,100704,100706,100708,100710,100713],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,100698,2110],{"class":90},[84,100700,95],{"class":94},[84,100702,100703],{"class":90}," fruits_a",[84,100705,425],{"class":102},[84,100707,2693],{"class":121},[84,100709,103],{"class":102},[84,100711,100712],{"class":121},"fruits_b",[84,100714,110],{"class":102},[84,100716,100717],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,100718,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,100720,100721,100723,100725,100727],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,100722,116],{"class":98},[84,100724,103],{"class":102},[84,100726,2145],{"class":121},[84,100728,110],{"class":102},[84,100730,100731,100733,100735,100738],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,100732,116],{"class":98},[84,100734,103],{"class":102},[84,100736,100737],{"class":121},"fruits_a",[84,100739,110],{"class":102},[84,100741,100742,100744,100746,100748],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,100743,116],{"class":98},[84,100745,103],{"class":102},[84,100747,100712],{"class":121},[84,100749,110],{"class":102},[24,100751,29905],{},[75,100753,100755],{"className":77,"code":100754,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100756,100757,100769,100797],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100758,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100760,9157],{"class":102},[84,100762,394],{"class":387},[84,100764,3952],{"class":391},[84,100766,394],{"class":387},[84,100768,9188],{"class":102},[84,100770,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,100772,9157],{"class":102},[84,100774,394],{"class":387},[84,100776,3961],{"class":391},[84,100778,394],{"class":387},[84,100780,282],{"class":102},[84,100782,388],{"class":387},[84,100784,33098],{"class":391},[84,100786,394],{"class":387},[84,100788,282],{"class":102},[84,100790,388],{"class":387},[84,100792,3952],{"class":391},[84,100794,394],{"class":387},[84,100796,9188],{"class":102},[84,100798,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,100800,9157],{"class":102},[84,100802,394],{"class":387},[84,100804,3961],{"class":391},[84,100806,394],{"class":387},[84,100808,282],{"class":102},[84,100810,388],{"class":387},[84,100812,33098],{"class":391},[84,100814,394],{"class":387},[84,100816,282],{"class":102},[84,100818,388],{"class":387},[84,100820,22414],{"class":391},[84,100822,394],{"class":387},[84,100824,9188],{"class":102},[24,100826,11564],{},[33,100828,100829,100834,100839,100845],{},[36,100830,100831,100832],{},"Start with ",[15,100833,100737],{},[36,100835,100836,100837],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100838,100712],{},[36,100840,100841,100842,100844],{},"Only ",[15,100843,57701],{}," remains",[36,100846,100847],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[24,100849,100850],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44789,100852],{},[70,100854,1442,100856,100858],{"id":100855},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100857,100114],{}," with multiple sets",[24,100860,100861,100862,425],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100863,100114],{},[24,100865,100866],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[75,100868,100870],{"className":77,"code":100869,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100871,100872,100904,100921,100934,100951,100955,100984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100873,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100875,91],{"class":90},[84,100877,95],{"class":94},[84,100879,10371],{"class":102},[84,100881,838],{"class":106},[84,100883,282],{"class":102},[84,100885,304],{"class":106},[84,100887,282],{"class":102},[84,100889,309],{"class":106},[84,100891,282],{"class":102},[84,100893,314],{"class":106},[84,100895,282],{"class":102},[84,100897,285],{"class":106},[84,100899,282],{"class":102},[84,100901,843],{"class":106},[84,100903,9188],{"class":102},[84,100905,100906,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917,100919],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,100907,100908],{"class":90},"group_a ",[84,100910,95],{"class":94},[84,100912,10371],{"class":102},[84,100914,568],{"class":106},[84,100916,282],{"class":102},[84,100918,314],{"class":106},[84,100920,9188],{"class":102},[84,100922,100923,100926,100928,100930,100932],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,100924,100925],{"class":90},"group_b ",[84,100927,95],{"class":94},[84,100929,10371],{"class":102},[84,100931,107],{"class":106},[84,100933,9188],{"class":102},[84,100935,100936,100939,100941,100943,100945,100947,100949],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,100937,100938],{"class":90},"group_c ",[84,100940,95],{"class":94},[84,100942,10371],{"class":102},[84,100944,617],{"class":106},[84,100946,282],{"class":102},[84,100948,5867],{"class":106},[84,100950,9188],{"class":102},[84,100952,100953],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,100954,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,100956,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100972,100974,100977,100979,100982],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,100958,2110],{"class":90},[84,100960,95],{"class":94},[84,100962,4137],{"class":90},[84,100964,425],{"class":102},[84,100966,2693],{"class":121},[84,100968,103],{"class":102},[84,100970,100971],{"class":121},"group_a",[84,100973,282],{"class":102},[84,100975,100976],{"class":121}," group_b",[84,100978,282],{"class":102},[84,100980,100981],{"class":121}," group_c",[84,100983,110],{"class":102},[84,100985,100986,100988,100990,100992],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,100987,116],{"class":98},[84,100989,103],{"class":102},[84,100991,2145],{"class":121},[84,100993,110],{"class":102},[24,100995,265],{},[75,100997,100999],{"className":77,"code":100998,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101000,101001],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101002,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101004,9157],{"class":102},[84,101006,838],{"class":106},[84,101008,282],{"class":102},[84,101010,309],{"class":106},[84,101012,9188],{"class":102},[24,101014,101015],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44789,101017],{},[70,101019,101021,18,101023],{"id":101020},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101022,100114],{},[15,101024,101025],{},"difference_update()",[24,101027,101028],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1667,101030,101031],{"id":2693},[15,101032,100114],{},[33,101034,101035,101038],{},[36,101036,101037],{},"Returns a new set",[36,101039,101040],{},"Does not change the original set",[75,101042,101044],{"className":77,"code":101043,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101045,101046,101070,101086,101090,101108,101112,101122],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101047,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101049,2436],{"class":90},[84,101051,95],{"class":94},[84,101053,10371],{"class":102},[84,101055,838],{"class":106},[84,101057,282],{"class":102},[84,101059,304],{"class":106},[84,101061,282],{"class":102},[84,101063,309],{"class":106},[84,101065,282],{"class":102},[84,101067,314],{"class":106},[84,101069,9188],{"class":102},[84,101071,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082,101084],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101073,2463],{"class":90},[84,101075,95],{"class":94},[84,101077,10371],{"class":102},[84,101079,1162],{"class":106},[84,101081,282],{"class":102},[84,101083,314],{"class":106},[84,101085,9188],{"class":102},[84,101087,101088],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101089,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101091,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101093,2110],{"class":90},[84,101095,95],{"class":94},[84,101097,56755],{"class":90},[84,101099,425],{"class":102},[84,101101,2693],{"class":121},[84,101103,103],{"class":102},[84,101105,4634],{"class":121},[84,101107,110],{"class":102},[84,101109,101110],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,101111,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101113,101114,101116,101118,101120],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,101115,116],{"class":98},[84,101117,103],{"class":102},[84,101119,2145],{"class":121},[84,101121,110],{"class":102},[84,101123,101124,101126,101128,101130],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,101125,116],{"class":98},[84,101127,103],{"class":102},[84,101129,419],{"class":121},[84,101131,110],{"class":102},[24,101133,265],{},[75,101135,101137],{"className":77,"code":101136,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101138,101139,101151],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101140,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101142,9157],{"class":102},[84,101144,838],{"class":106},[84,101146,282],{"class":102},[84,101148,304],{"class":106},[84,101150,9188],{"class":102},[84,101152,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101154,9157],{"class":102},[84,101156,838],{"class":106},[84,101158,282],{"class":102},[84,101160,304],{"class":106},[84,101162,282],{"class":102},[84,101164,309],{"class":106},[84,101166,282],{"class":102},[84,101168,314],{"class":106},[84,101170,9188],{"class":102},[1667,101172,101174],{"id":101173},"difference_update",[15,101175,101025],{},[33,101177,101178,101181],{},[36,101179,101180],{},"Changes the original set",[36,101182,96018],{},[75,101184,101186],{"className":77,"code":101185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101187,101188,101212,101228,101232,101246,101250],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101189,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101191,2436],{"class":90},[84,101193,95],{"class":94},[84,101195,10371],{"class":102},[84,101197,838],{"class":106},[84,101199,282],{"class":102},[84,101201,304],{"class":106},[84,101203,282],{"class":102},[84,101205,309],{"class":106},[84,101207,282],{"class":102},[84,101209,314],{"class":106},[84,101211,9188],{"class":102},[84,101213,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101215,2463],{"class":90},[84,101217,95],{"class":94},[84,101219,10371],{"class":102},[84,101221,1162],{"class":106},[84,101223,282],{"class":102},[84,101225,314],{"class":106},[84,101227,9188],{"class":102},[84,101229,101230],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101231,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101233,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101235,419],{"class":90},[84,101237,425],{"class":102},[84,101239,101173],{"class":121},[84,101241,103],{"class":102},[84,101243,4634],{"class":121},[84,101245,110],{"class":102},[84,101247,101248],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,101249,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101251,101252,101254,101256,101258],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,101253,116],{"class":98},[84,101255,103],{"class":102},[84,101257,419],{"class":121},[84,101259,110],{"class":102},[24,101261,265],{},[75,101263,101264],{"className":77,"code":100207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,101265,101266],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101267,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101269,9157],{"class":102},[84,101271,838],{"class":106},[84,101273,282],{"class":102},[84,101275,304],{"class":106},[84,101277,9188],{"class":102},[24,101279,153,101280,101282],{},[15,101281,100114],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[24,101284,101285,101286,33478],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101287,101025],{},[44789,101289],{},[70,101291,101293,101295,101296,101298],{"id":101292},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101294,100114],{}," vs the ",[15,101297,1906],{}," operator",[24,101300,1862,101301,101303,101304,101306],{},[15,101302,1906],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101305,100114],{}," for two sets.",[75,101308,101310],{"className":77,"code":101309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101311,101312,101336,101352,101356,101374],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101313,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101315,2436],{"class":90},[84,101317,95],{"class":94},[84,101319,10371],{"class":102},[84,101321,838],{"class":106},[84,101323,282],{"class":102},[84,101325,304],{"class":106},[84,101327,282],{"class":102},[84,101329,309],{"class":106},[84,101331,282],{"class":102},[84,101333,314],{"class":106},[84,101335,9188],{"class":102},[84,101337,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101339,2463],{"class":90},[84,101341,95],{"class":94},[84,101343,10371],{"class":102},[84,101345,1162],{"class":106},[84,101347,282],{"class":102},[84,101349,314],{"class":106},[84,101351,9188],{"class":102},[84,101353,101354],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101355,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101357,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101359,116],{"class":98},[84,101361,103],{"class":102},[84,101363,419],{"class":121},[84,101365,425],{"class":102},[84,101367,2693],{"class":121},[84,101369,103],{"class":102},[84,101371,4634],{"class":121},[84,101373,232],{"class":102},[84,101375,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,101377,116],{"class":98},[84,101379,103],{"class":102},[84,101381,2436],{"class":121},[84,101383,1906],{"class":94},[84,101385,2441],{"class":121},[84,101387,110],{"class":102},[24,101389,265],{},[75,101391,101393],{"className":77,"code":101392,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101394,101395,101407],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101396,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101398,9157],{"class":102},[84,101400,838],{"class":106},[84,101402,282],{"class":102},[84,101404,304],{"class":106},[84,101406,9188],{"class":102},[84,101408,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101410,9157],{"class":102},[84,101412,838],{"class":106},[84,101414,282],{"class":102},[84,101416,304],{"class":106},[84,101418,9188],{"class":102},[24,101420,101421],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[24,101423,1683,101424,1689],{},[15,101425,100114],{},[33,101427,101428,101431,101434],{},[36,101429,101430],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[36,101432,101433],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[36,101435,101436],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[24,101438,101439],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[75,101441,101443],{"className":77,"code":101442,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101444,101445,101473,101485,101497,101501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101446,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101448,2436],{"class":90},[84,101450,95],{"class":94},[84,101452,10371],{"class":102},[84,101454,838],{"class":106},[84,101456,282],{"class":102},[84,101458,304],{"class":106},[84,101460,282],{"class":102},[84,101462,309],{"class":106},[84,101464,282],{"class":102},[84,101466,314],{"class":106},[84,101468,282],{"class":102},[84,101470,285],{"class":106},[84,101472,9188],{"class":102},[84,101474,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101476,2463],{"class":90},[84,101478,95],{"class":94},[84,101480,10371],{"class":102},[84,101482,568],{"class":106},[84,101484,9188],{"class":102},[84,101486,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101488,83048],{"class":90},[84,101490,95],{"class":94},[84,101492,10371],{"class":102},[84,101494,2386],{"class":106},[84,101496,9188],{"class":102},[84,101498,101499],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101500,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101502,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,101504,116],{"class":98},[84,101506,103],{"class":102},[84,101508,419],{"class":121},[84,101510,425],{"class":102},[84,101512,2693],{"class":121},[84,101514,103],{"class":102},[84,101516,4634],{"class":121},[84,101518,282],{"class":102},[84,101520,9561],{"class":121},[84,101522,232],{"class":102},[24,101524,265],{},[75,101526,101528],{"className":77,"code":101527,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101529,101530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101531,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101533,9157],{"class":102},[84,101535,838],{"class":106},[84,101537,282],{"class":102},[84,101539,309],{"class":106},[84,101541,282],{"class":102},[84,101543,285],{"class":106},[84,101545,9188],{"class":102},[24,101547,101548,101549,101551],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101550,1906],{}," operator expression.",[44789,101553],{},[70,101555,4393],{"id":4392},[24,101557,21094,101558,425],{},[15,101559,100114],{},[1667,101561,101563],{"id":101562},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[24,101565,1364,101566,101568,101569,881],{},[42,101567,1367],{}," change ",[15,101570,419],{},[75,101572,101574],{"className":77,"code":101573,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101575,101576,101596,101608,101612,101626],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101577,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101579,2436],{"class":90},[84,101581,95],{"class":94},[84,101583,10371],{"class":102},[84,101585,838],{"class":106},[84,101587,282],{"class":102},[84,101589,304],{"class":106},[84,101591,282],{"class":102},[84,101593,309],{"class":106},[84,101595,9188],{"class":102},[84,101597,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101599,2463],{"class":90},[84,101601,95],{"class":94},[84,101603,10371],{"class":102},[84,101605,1162],{"class":106},[84,101607,9188],{"class":102},[84,101609,101610],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101611,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101615,419],{"class":90},[84,101617,425],{"class":102},[84,101619,2693],{"class":121},[84,101621,103],{"class":102},[84,101623,4634],{"class":121},[84,101625,110],{"class":102},[84,101627,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,101629,116],{"class":98},[84,101631,103],{"class":102},[84,101633,419],{"class":121},[84,101635,110],{"class":102},[24,101637,265],{},[75,101639,101640],{"className":77,"code":96307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,101641,101642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101643,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101645,9157],{"class":102},[84,101647,838],{"class":106},[84,101649,282],{"class":102},[84,101651,304],{"class":106},[84,101653,282],{"class":102},[84,101655,309],{"class":106},[84,101657,9188],{"class":102},[24,101659,101660],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[75,101662,101664],{"className":77,"code":101663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101665,101666,101686,101698,101702,101720],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101667,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101669,2436],{"class":90},[84,101671,95],{"class":94},[84,101673,10371],{"class":102},[84,101675,838],{"class":106},[84,101677,282],{"class":102},[84,101679,304],{"class":106},[84,101681,282],{"class":102},[84,101683,309],{"class":106},[84,101685,9188],{"class":102},[84,101687,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101689,2463],{"class":90},[84,101691,95],{"class":94},[84,101693,10371],{"class":102},[84,101695,1162],{"class":106},[84,101697,9188],{"class":102},[84,101699,101700],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101701,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101703,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101705,2436],{"class":90},[84,101707,95],{"class":94},[84,101709,56755],{"class":90},[84,101711,425],{"class":102},[84,101713,2693],{"class":121},[84,101715,103],{"class":102},[84,101717,4634],{"class":121},[84,101719,110],{"class":102},[84,101721,101722,101724,101726,101728],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,101723,116],{"class":98},[84,101725,103],{"class":102},[84,101727,419],{"class":121},[84,101729,110],{"class":102},[24,101731,265],{},[75,101733,101734],{"className":77,"code":100207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,101735,101736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101739,9157],{"class":102},[84,101741,838],{"class":106},[84,101743,282],{"class":102},[84,101745,304],{"class":106},[84,101747,9188],{"class":102},[1667,101749,101751],{"id":101750},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[24,101753,101754,101757],{},[15,101755,101756],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[33,101759,101760,101765],{},[36,101761,101762,101763],{},"keep items from ",[15,101764,419],{},[36,101766,101767,101768],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101769,4634],{},[24,101771,40777,101772,101774,101775,101777],{},[42,101773,1367],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101776,4634],{},"”.",[24,101779,190],{},[75,101781,101783],{"className":77,"code":101782,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101784,101785,101805,101825,101829,101847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101786,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101788,2436],{"class":90},[84,101790,95],{"class":94},[84,101792,10371],{"class":102},[84,101794,838],{"class":106},[84,101796,282],{"class":102},[84,101798,304],{"class":106},[84,101800,282],{"class":102},[84,101802,309],{"class":106},[84,101804,9188],{"class":102},[84,101806,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101808,2463],{"class":90},[84,101810,95],{"class":94},[84,101812,10371],{"class":102},[84,101814,1162],{"class":106},[84,101816,282],{"class":102},[84,101818,314],{"class":106},[84,101820,282],{"class":102},[84,101822,285],{"class":106},[84,101824,9188],{"class":102},[84,101826,101827],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101828,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101830,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101832,116],{"class":98},[84,101834,103],{"class":102},[84,101836,419],{"class":121},[84,101838,425],{"class":102},[84,101840,2693],{"class":121},[84,101842,103],{"class":102},[84,101844,4634],{"class":121},[84,101846,232],{"class":102},[84,101848,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,101850,116],{"class":98},[84,101852,103],{"class":102},[84,101854,4634],{"class":121},[84,101856,425],{"class":102},[84,101858,2693],{"class":121},[84,101860,103],{"class":102},[84,101862,419],{"class":121},[84,101864,232],{"class":102},[24,101866,265],{},[75,101868,101870],{"className":77,"code":101869,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101871,101872,101884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101873,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101875,9157],{"class":102},[84,101877,838],{"class":106},[84,101879,282],{"class":102},[84,101881,304],{"class":106},[84,101883,9188],{"class":102},[84,101885,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101887,9157],{"class":102},[84,101889,2386],{"class":106},[84,101891,282],{"class":102},[84,101893,285],{"class":106},[84,101895,9188],{"class":102},[24,101897,101898],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1667,101900,101902],{"id":101901},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[24,101904,101905,101907],{},[15,101906,100114],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[24,101909,55187],{},[75,101911,101913],{"className":77,"code":101912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101914,101915,101935,101951,101955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101916,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101918,2436],{"class":90},[84,101920,95],{"class":94},[84,101922,3498],{"class":102},[84,101924,838],{"class":106},[84,101926,282],{"class":102},[84,101928,304],{"class":106},[84,101930,282],{"class":102},[84,101932,309],{"class":106},[84,101934,317],{"class":102},[84,101936,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101938,2463],{"class":90},[84,101940,95],{"class":94},[84,101942,3498],{"class":102},[84,101944,1162],{"class":106},[84,101946,282],{"class":102},[84,101948,314],{"class":106},[84,101950,317],{"class":102},[84,101952,101953],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,101954,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,101956,101957],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,101958,101959],{"class":128},"# a.difference(b)\n",[24,101961,101962],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[75,101964,101966],{"className":77,"code":101965,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101967,101968,101988,102004,102008,102034],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101969,101970,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101971,2436],{"class":90},[84,101973,95],{"class":94},[84,101975,3498],{"class":102},[84,101977,838],{"class":106},[84,101979,282],{"class":102},[84,101981,304],{"class":106},[84,101983,282],{"class":102},[84,101985,309],{"class":106},[84,101987,317],{"class":102},[84,101989,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,101991,2463],{"class":90},[84,101993,95],{"class":94},[84,101995,3498],{"class":102},[84,101997,1162],{"class":106},[84,101999,282],{"class":102},[84,102001,314],{"class":106},[84,102003,317],{"class":102},[84,102005,102006],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,102007,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,102009,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,102011,2110],{"class":90},[84,102013,95],{"class":94},[84,102015,15515],{"class":139},[84,102017,103],{"class":102},[84,102019,419],{"class":121},[84,102021,8508],{"class":102},[84,102023,2693],{"class":121},[84,102025,103],{"class":102},[84,102027,6159],{"class":139},[84,102029,103],{"class":102},[84,102031,4634],{"class":121},[84,102033,232],{"class":102},[84,102035,102036,102038,102040,102042],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,102037,116],{"class":98},[84,102039,103],{"class":102},[84,102041,2145],{"class":121},[84,102043,110],{"class":102},[24,102045,265],{},[75,102047,102048],{"className":77,"code":100207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,102049,102050],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102051,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102053,9157],{"class":102},[84,102055,838],{"class":106},[84,102057,282],{"class":102},[84,102059,304],{"class":106},[84,102061,9188],{"class":102},[1667,102063,102065],{"id":102064},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[24,102067,102068],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[75,102070,102072],{"className":77,"code":102071,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102073,102074,102106,102122,102126],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102075,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102077,2436],{"class":90},[84,102079,95],{"class":94},[84,102081,10371],{"class":102},[84,102083,854],{"class":387},[84,102085,36919],{"class":391},[84,102087,854],{"class":387},[84,102089,282],{"class":102},[84,102091,3230],{"class":387},[84,102093,57995],{"class":391},[84,102095,854],{"class":387},[84,102097,282],{"class":102},[84,102099,3230],{"class":387},[84,102101,58012],{"class":391},[84,102103,854],{"class":387},[84,102105,9188],{"class":102},[84,102107,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102109,2463],{"class":90},[84,102111,95],{"class":94},[84,102113,10371],{"class":102},[84,102115,854],{"class":387},[84,102117,57995],{"class":391},[84,102119,854],{"class":387},[84,102121,9188],{"class":102},[84,102123,102124],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,102125,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,102127,102128,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,102129,116],{"class":98},[84,102131,103],{"class":102},[84,102133,419],{"class":121},[84,102135,425],{"class":102},[84,102137,2693],{"class":121},[84,102139,103],{"class":102},[84,102141,4634],{"class":121},[84,102143,232],{"class":102},[24,102145,102146],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1667,102148,102150],{"id":102149},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[24,102152,102153],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[75,102155,102157],{"className":77,"code":102156,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102158,102159,102187,102199,102203,102213],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102160,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102162,2436],{"class":90},[84,102164,95],{"class":94},[84,102166,10371],{"class":102},[84,102168,838],{"class":106},[84,102170,282],{"class":102},[84,102172,299],{"class":106},[84,102174,282],{"class":102},[84,102176,304],{"class":106},[84,102178,282],{"class":102},[84,102180,304],{"class":106},[84,102182,282],{"class":102},[84,102184,309],{"class":106},[84,102186,9188],{"class":102},[84,102188,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102190,2463],{"class":90},[84,102192,95],{"class":94},[84,102194,10371],{"class":102},[84,102196,1162],{"class":106},[84,102198,9188],{"class":102},[84,102200,102201],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,102202,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,102204,102205,102207,102209,102211],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,102206,116],{"class":98},[84,102208,103],{"class":102},[84,102210,419],{"class":121},[84,102212,110],{"class":102},[84,102214,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,102216,116],{"class":98},[84,102218,103],{"class":102},[84,102220,419],{"class":121},[84,102222,425],{"class":102},[84,102224,2693],{"class":121},[84,102226,103],{"class":102},[84,102228,4634],{"class":121},[84,102230,232],{"class":102},[24,102232,265],{},[75,102234,102236],{"className":77,"code":102235,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102237,102238,102254],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102239,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102241,9157],{"class":102},[84,102243,838],{"class":106},[84,102245,282],{"class":102},[84,102247,304],{"class":106},[84,102249,282],{"class":102},[84,102251,309],{"class":106},[84,102253,9188],{"class":102},[84,102255,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102257,9157],{"class":102},[84,102259,838],{"class":106},[84,102261,282],{"class":102},[84,102263,304],{"class":106},[84,102265,9188],{"class":102},[24,102267,102268,102269,102271],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102270,100114],{}," runs.",[1667,102273,102275],{"id":102274},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[24,102277,102278],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[75,102280,102282],{"className":77,"code":102281,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102283,102284,102308,102328,102332,102342,102352,102370,102392],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102287,2436],{"class":90},[84,102289,95],{"class":94},[84,102291,10371],{"class":102},[84,102293,838],{"class":106},[84,102295,282],{"class":102},[84,102297,304],{"class":106},[84,102299,282],{"class":102},[84,102301,309],{"class":106},[84,102303,282],{"class":102},[84,102305,314],{"class":106},[84,102307,9188],{"class":102},[84,102309,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102311,2463],{"class":90},[84,102313,95],{"class":94},[84,102315,10371],{"class":102},[84,102317,1162],{"class":106},[84,102319,282],{"class":102},[84,102321,314],{"class":106},[84,102323,282],{"class":102},[84,102325,285],{"class":106},[84,102327,9188],{"class":102},[84,102329,102330],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,102331,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,102335,116],{"class":98},[84,102337,103],{"class":102},[84,102339,419],{"class":121},[84,102341,110],{"class":102},[84,102343,102344,102346,102348,102350],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,102345,116],{"class":98},[84,102347,103],{"class":102},[84,102349,4634],{"class":121},[84,102351,110],{"class":102},[84,102353,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,102355,116],{"class":98},[84,102357,103],{"class":102},[84,102359,419],{"class":121},[84,102361,425],{"class":102},[84,102363,2693],{"class":121},[84,102365,103],{"class":102},[84,102367,4634],{"class":121},[84,102369,232],{"class":102},[84,102371,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,102373,116],{"class":98},[84,102375,103],{"class":102},[84,102377,334],{"class":139},[84,102379,103],{"class":102},[84,102381,419],{"class":121},[84,102383,425],{"class":102},[84,102385,2693],{"class":121},[84,102387,103],{"class":102},[84,102389,4634],{"class":121},[84,102391,345],{"class":102},[84,102393,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,102395,116],{"class":98},[84,102397,103],{"class":102},[84,102399,602],{"class":98},[84,102401,103],{"class":102},[84,102403,419],{"class":121},[84,102405,425],{"class":102},[84,102407,2693],{"class":121},[84,102409,103],{"class":102},[84,102411,4634],{"class":121},[84,102413,345],{"class":102},[24,102415,11049],{},[33,102417,102418,102421,102424,102427],{},[36,102419,102420],{},"what is in each set",[36,102422,102423],{},"what result Python creates",[36,102425,102426],{},"that the result is a set",[36,102428,102429],{},"how many items remain",[44789,102431],{},[70,102433,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,102435,12586,102437,102439],{"id":102436},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102438,100114],{}," change the original set?",[24,102441,102442],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1667,102444,5053,102446,28,102448,1689],{"id":102445},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102447,100114],{},[15,102449,101025],{},[24,102451,102452,102454,102455,102457],{},[15,102453,100114],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102456,101025],{}," modifies the original set.",[1667,102459,28205,102461,102463],{"id":102460},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102462,100114],{}," with more than two sets?",[24,102465,102466],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1667,102468,102470],{"id":102469},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[24,102472,102473],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44789,102475],{},[70,102477,1777],{"id":1776},[33,102479,102480,102484,102492],{},[36,102481,102482],{},[419,102483,96028],{"href":97199},[36,102485,102486],{},[419,102487,96514,102489,10620],{"href":102488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102490,102491],{},"intersection()",[36,102493,102494],{},[419,102495,96514,102497,10620],{"href":102496},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102498,102499],{},"union()",[1814,102501,102502],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":102504},[102505,102506,102508,102509,102510,102511,102513,102518,102520,102528,102537],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":100236,"depth":113,"text":102507},"What difference() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":100855,"depth":113,"text":102512},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101020,"depth":113,"text":102514,"children":102515},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102516,102517],{"id":2693,"depth":132,"text":100114},{"id":101173,"depth":132,"text":101025},{"id":101292,"depth":113,"text":102519},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":102521},[102522,102523,102524,102525,102526,102527],{"id":101562,"depth":132,"text":101563},{"id":101750,"depth":132,"text":101751},{"id":101901,"depth":132,"text":101902},{"id":102064,"depth":132,"text":102065},{"id":102149,"depth":132,"text":102150},{"id":102274,"depth":132,"text":102275},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":102529},[102530,102532,102534,102536],{"id":102436,"depth":132,"text":102531},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102445,"depth":132,"text":102533},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102460,"depth":132,"text":102535},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102469,"depth":132,"text":102470},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100106,"description":102538},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102545,"title":102546,"body":102547,"description":104242,"extension":1845,"meta":104243,"navigation":237,"path":104244,"seo":104245,"stem":104246,"__hash__":104247},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102548,"toc":104204},[102549,102555,102561,102574,102576,102677,102679,102724,102729,102734,102738,102752,102755,102763,102765,102784,102802,102806,102859,102861,102882,102889,102894,102921,102928,103027,103029,103066,103074,103078,103084,103087,103160,103162,103170,103175,103244,103246,103271,103273,103276,103379,103381,103442,103445,103449,103455,103528,103530,103563,103566,103569,103609,103615,103638,103643,103647,103658,103661,103663,103667,103673,103675,103732,103742,103744,103797,103804,103809,103877,103885,103891,103895,103897,103936,103941,103990,103994,103997,103999,104038,104041,104043,104048,104105,104107,104121,104123,104127,104133,104138,104143,104150,104161,104167,104172,104174,104201],[10,102550,95900,102552,11201],{"id":102551},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102553,102554],{},"discard()",[24,102556,102557,102560],{},[15,102558,102559],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[24,102562,102563,102564,1263,102569,13937,102571,102573],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[419,102565,102566],{"href":97909},[15,102567,102568],{},"set.remove()",[15,102570,102554],{},[42,102572,1367],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[70,102575,1887],{"id":1886},[75,102577,102579],{"className":77,"code":102578,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102580,102581,102613,102632,102642,102646,102667],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102582,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102584,12959],{"class":90},[84,102586,95],{"class":94},[84,102588,10371],{"class":102},[84,102590,854],{"class":387},[84,102592,12976],{"class":391},[84,102594,854],{"class":387},[84,102596,282],{"class":102},[84,102598,3230],{"class":387},[84,102600,12993],{"class":391},[84,102602,854],{"class":387},[84,102604,282],{"class":102},[84,102606,3230],{"class":387},[84,102608,17338],{"class":391},[84,102610,854],{"class":387},[84,102612,9188],{"class":102},[84,102614,102615,102617,102619,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102616,17385],{"class":90},[84,102618,425],{"class":102},[84,102620,102621],{"class":121},"discard",[84,102623,103],{"class":102},[84,102625,854],{"class":387},[84,102627,12993],{"class":391},[84,102629,854],{"class":387},[84,102631,110],{"class":102},[84,102633,102634,102636,102638,102640],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,102635,116],{"class":98},[84,102637,103],{"class":102},[84,102639,17385],{"class":121},[84,102641,110],{"class":102},[84,102643,102644],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,102645,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,102647,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,102649,17385],{"class":90},[84,102651,425],{"class":102},[84,102653,102621],{"class":121},[84,102655,103],{"class":102},[84,102657,854],{"class":387},[84,102659,22405],{"class":391},[84,102661,854],{"class":387},[84,102663,125],{"class":102},[84,102665,102666],{"class":128},"  # no error if missing\n",[84,102668,102669,102671,102673,102675],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,102670,116],{"class":98},[84,102672,103],{"class":102},[84,102674,17385],{"class":121},[84,102676,110],{"class":102},[24,102678,29905],{},[75,102680,102682],{"className":77,"code":102681,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102683,102684,102704],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102685,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102687,9157],{"class":102},[84,102689,394],{"class":387},[84,102691,12976],{"class":391},[84,102693,394],{"class":387},[84,102695,282],{"class":102},[84,102697,388],{"class":387},[84,102699,17338],{"class":391},[84,102701,394],{"class":387},[84,102703,9188],{"class":102},[84,102705,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102707,9157],{"class":102},[84,102709,394],{"class":387},[84,102711,12976],{"class":391},[84,102713,394],{"class":387},[84,102715,282],{"class":102},[84,102717,388],{"class":387},[84,102719,17338],{"class":391},[84,102721,394],{"class":387},[84,102723,9188],{"class":102},[24,102725,153,102726,102728],{},[15,102727,102554],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[70,102730,429,102732,3554],{"id":102731},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102733,102559],{},[24,102735,102736,881],{},[15,102737,102554],{},[33,102739,102740,102743,102746,102748],{},[36,102741,102742],{},"Removes one item from a set",[36,102744,102745],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[36,102747,96015],{},[36,102749,11303,102750],{},[15,102751,3653],{},[24,102753,102754],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[24,102756,96024,102757,2759,102760,425],{},[419,102758,102759],{"href":98491},"what a set is in Python",[419,102761,102762],{"href":97583},"how to create a set",[70,102764,2038],{"id":2037},[75,102766,102768],{"className":77,"code":102767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102769,102770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102771,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102773,15548],{"class":90},[84,102775,425],{"class":102},[84,102777,102621],{"class":121},[84,102779,103],{"class":102},[84,102781,2354],{"class":121},[84,102783,110],{"class":102},[33,102785,102786,102791,102796,102799],{},[36,102787,102788,102790],{},[15,102789,15548],{}," is the set you want to change",[36,102792,102793,102795],{},[15,102794,2354],{}," is the item you want to remove",[36,102797,102798],{},"The set must already exist",[36,102800,102801],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1667,102803,102805],{"id":102804},"example","Example",[75,102807,102809],{"className":77,"code":102808,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102810,102811,102835,102849],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102812,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102814,91],{"class":90},[84,102816,95],{"class":94},[84,102818,10371],{"class":102},[84,102820,838],{"class":106},[84,102822,282],{"class":102},[84,102824,304],{"class":106},[84,102826,282],{"class":102},[84,102828,309],{"class":106},[84,102830,282],{"class":102},[84,102832,314],{"class":106},[84,102834,9188],{"class":102},[84,102836,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102838,122],{"class":90},[84,102840,425],{"class":102},[84,102842,102621],{"class":121},[84,102844,103],{"class":102},[84,102846,1162],{"class":106},[84,102848,110],{"class":102},[84,102850,102851,102853,102855,102857],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,102852,116],{"class":98},[84,102854,103],{"class":102},[84,102856,122],{"class":121},[84,102858,110],{"class":102},[24,102860,265],{},[75,102862,102864],{"className":77,"code":102863,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102865,102866],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102867,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102869,9157],{"class":102},[84,102871,838],{"class":106},[84,102873,282],{"class":102},[84,102875,304],{"class":106},[84,102877,282],{"class":102},[84,102879,314],{"class":106},[84,102881,9188],{"class":102},[70,102883,102885,102886,102888],{"id":102884},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102887,102554],{}," different",[24,102890,102891,102893],{},[15,102892,102554],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[33,102895,102896,102909,102918],{},[36,102897,102898,102899,1263,102903,102905,102906,102908],{},"Unlike ",[419,102900,102901],{"href":97909},[15,102902,1266],{},[15,102904,102554],{}," does not raise ",[15,102907,19571],{}," when the item is missing",[36,102910,102898,102911,1263,102915,102917],{},[419,102912,102913],{"href":97914},[15,102914,12645],{},[15,102916,102554],{}," removes a specific item",[36,102919,102920],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1667,102922,102924,18,102926],{"id":102923},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102925,102554],{},[15,102927,1266],{},[75,102929,102931],{"className":77,"code":102930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102932,102933,102957,102961,102982,102992,102996,103017],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102934,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102936,7656],{"class":90},[84,102938,95],{"class":94},[84,102940,10371],{"class":102},[84,102942,854],{"class":387},[84,102944,3952],{"class":391},[84,102946,854],{"class":387},[84,102948,282],{"class":102},[84,102950,3230],{"class":387},[84,102952,3961],{"class":391},[84,102954,854],{"class":387},[84,102956,9188],{"class":102},[84,102958,102959],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,102960,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,102962,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,102964,7687],{"class":90},[84,102966,425],{"class":102},[84,102968,102621],{"class":121},[84,102970,103],{"class":102},[84,102972,854],{"class":387},[84,102974,33098],{"class":391},[84,102976,854],{"class":387},[84,102978,125],{"class":102},[84,102980,102981],{"class":128},"   # no error\n",[84,102983,102984,102986,102988,102990],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,102985,116],{"class":98},[84,102987,103],{"class":102},[84,102989,7687],{"class":121},[84,102991,110],{"class":102},[84,102993,102994],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,102995,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,102997,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,102999,7687],{"class":90},[84,103001,425],{"class":102},[84,103003,34672],{"class":121},[84,103005,103],{"class":102},[84,103007,854],{"class":387},[84,103009,3961],{"class":391},[84,103011,854],{"class":387},[84,103013,125],{"class":102},[84,103015,103016],{"class":128},"    # removes existing item\n",[84,103018,103019,103021,103023,103025],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,103020,116],{"class":98},[84,103022,103],{"class":102},[84,103024,7687],{"class":121},[84,103026,110],{"class":102},[24,103028,265],{},[75,103030,103032],{"className":77,"code":103031,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103033,103034,103054],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103035,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103037,9157],{"class":102},[84,103039,394],{"class":387},[84,103041,3952],{"class":391},[84,103043,394],{"class":387},[84,103045,282],{"class":102},[84,103047,388],{"class":387},[84,103049,3961],{"class":391},[84,103051,394],{"class":387},[84,103053,9188],{"class":102},[84,103055,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103057,9157],{"class":102},[84,103059,394],{"class":387},[84,103061,3952],{"class":391},[84,103063,394],{"class":387},[84,103065,9188],{"class":102},[24,103067,40214,103068,103070,103071,103073],{},[15,103069,1266],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[419,103072,10955],{"href":10954}," for more help with that case.",[70,103075,103077],{"id":103076},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[24,103079,103080,2279,103082,425],{},[15,103081,102554],{},[15,103083,3653],{},[24,103085,103086],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[75,103088,103090],{"className":77,"code":103089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103091,103092,103124,103146,103150],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103093,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103095,12959],{"class":90},[84,103097,95],{"class":94},[84,103099,10371],{"class":102},[84,103101,854],{"class":387},[84,103103,12976],{"class":391},[84,103105,854],{"class":387},[84,103107,282],{"class":102},[84,103109,3230],{"class":387},[84,103111,12993],{"class":391},[84,103113,854],{"class":387},[84,103115,282],{"class":102},[84,103117,3230],{"class":387},[84,103119,17338],{"class":391},[84,103121,854],{"class":387},[84,103123,9188],{"class":102},[84,103125,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103127,2110],{"class":90},[84,103129,95],{"class":94},[84,103131,13007],{"class":90},[84,103133,425],{"class":102},[84,103135,102621],{"class":121},[84,103137,103],{"class":102},[84,103139,854],{"class":387},[84,103141,12993],{"class":391},[84,103143,854],{"class":387},[84,103145,110],{"class":102},[84,103147,103148],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103149,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103151,103152,103154,103156,103158],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,103153,116],{"class":98},[84,103155,103],{"class":102},[84,103157,2145],{"class":121},[84,103159,110],{"class":102},[24,103161,265],{},[75,103163,103164],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,103165,103166],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103167,103168],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103169,11689],{"class":659},[24,103171,103172,103173,881],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103174,17385],{},[75,103176,103178],{"className":77,"code":103177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103179,103180,103212,103230,103234],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103181,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103183,12959],{"class":90},[84,103185,95],{"class":94},[84,103187,10371],{"class":102},[84,103189,854],{"class":387},[84,103191,12976],{"class":391},[84,103193,854],{"class":387},[84,103195,282],{"class":102},[84,103197,3230],{"class":387},[84,103199,12993],{"class":391},[84,103201,854],{"class":387},[84,103203,282],{"class":102},[84,103205,3230],{"class":387},[84,103207,17338],{"class":391},[84,103209,854],{"class":387},[84,103211,9188],{"class":102},[84,103213,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103215,17385],{"class":90},[84,103217,425],{"class":102},[84,103219,102621],{"class":121},[84,103221,103],{"class":102},[84,103223,854],{"class":387},[84,103225,12993],{"class":391},[84,103227,854],{"class":387},[84,103229,110],{"class":102},[84,103231,103232],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103233,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103235,103236,103238,103240,103242],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,103237,116],{"class":98},[84,103239,103],{"class":102},[84,103241,17385],{"class":121},[84,103243,110],{"class":102},[24,103245,265],{},[75,103247,103249],{"className":77,"code":103248,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103250,103251],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103252,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103254,9157],{"class":102},[84,103256,394],{"class":387},[84,103258,12976],{"class":391},[84,103260,394],{"class":387},[84,103262,282],{"class":102},[84,103264,388],{"class":387},[84,103266,17338],{"class":391},[84,103268,394],{"class":387},[84,103270,9188],{"class":102},[70,103272,11355],{"id":11354},[24,103274,103275],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[75,103277,103279],{"className":77,"code":103278,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103280,103281,103313,103317,103335,103339,103357,103361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103282,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103284,36113],{"class":90},[84,103286,95],{"class":94},[84,103288,10371],{"class":102},[84,103290,854],{"class":387},[84,103292,3952],{"class":391},[84,103294,854],{"class":387},[84,103296,282],{"class":102},[84,103298,3230],{"class":387},[84,103300,3961],{"class":391},[84,103302,854],{"class":387},[84,103304,282],{"class":102},[84,103306,3230],{"class":387},[84,103308,33098],{"class":391},[84,103310,854],{"class":387},[84,103312,9188],{"class":102},[84,103314,103315],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103316,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103318,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103320,116],{"class":98},[84,103322,103],{"class":102},[84,103324,854],{"class":387},[84,103326,11444],{"class":391},[84,103328,854],{"class":387},[84,103330,282],{"class":102},[84,103332,52720],{"class":121},[84,103334,110],{"class":102},[84,103336,103337],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,103338,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103340,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,103342,36165],{"class":90},[84,103344,425],{"class":102},[84,103346,102621],{"class":121},[84,103348,103],{"class":102},[84,103350,854],{"class":387},[84,103352,3961],{"class":391},[84,103354,854],{"class":387},[84,103356,110],{"class":102},[84,103358,103359],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,103360,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103362,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,103364,116],{"class":98},[84,103366,103],{"class":102},[84,103368,854],{"class":387},[84,103370,11484],{"class":391},[84,103372,854],{"class":387},[84,103374,282],{"class":102},[84,103376,52720],{"class":121},[84,103378,110],{"class":102},[24,103380,265],{},[75,103382,103384],{"className":77,"code":103383,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103385,103386,103418],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103387,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103389,11504],{"class":90},[84,103391,881],{"class":102},[84,103393,10371],{"class":102},[84,103395,394],{"class":387},[84,103397,3961],{"class":391},[84,103399,394],{"class":387},[84,103401,282],{"class":102},[84,103403,388],{"class":387},[84,103405,3952],{"class":391},[84,103407,394],{"class":387},[84,103409,282],{"class":102},[84,103411,388],{"class":387},[84,103413,33098],{"class":391},[84,103415,394],{"class":387},[84,103417,9188],{"class":102},[84,103419,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103421,11557],{"class":90},[84,103423,881],{"class":102},[84,103425,10371],{"class":102},[84,103427,394],{"class":387},[84,103429,3952],{"class":391},[84,103431,394],{"class":387},[84,103433,282],{"class":102},[84,103435,388],{"class":387},[84,103437,33098],{"class":391},[84,103439,394],{"class":387},[84,103441,9188],{"class":102},[24,103443,103444],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[70,103446,103448],{"id":103447},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[24,103450,103451,103452,103454],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103453,102554],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[75,103456,103458],{"className":77,"code":103457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103459,103460,103492,103496,103514,103518],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103461,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103463,36113],{"class":90},[84,103465,95],{"class":94},[84,103467,10371],{"class":102},[84,103469,854],{"class":387},[84,103471,3952],{"class":391},[84,103473,854],{"class":387},[84,103475,282],{"class":102},[84,103477,3230],{"class":387},[84,103479,3961],{"class":391},[84,103481,854],{"class":387},[84,103483,282],{"class":102},[84,103485,3230],{"class":387},[84,103487,33098],{"class":391},[84,103489,854],{"class":387},[84,103491,9188],{"class":102},[84,103493,103494],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103495,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103497,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103499,36165],{"class":90},[84,103501,425],{"class":102},[84,103503,102621],{"class":121},[84,103505,103],{"class":102},[84,103507,854],{"class":387},[84,103509,22414],{"class":391},[84,103511,854],{"class":387},[84,103513,110],{"class":102},[84,103515,103516],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,103517,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103519,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,103521,116],{"class":98},[84,103523,103],{"class":102},[84,103525,36165],{"class":121},[84,103527,110],{"class":102},[24,103529,265],{},[75,103531,103533],{"className":77,"code":103532,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103534,103535],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103536,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103538,9157],{"class":102},[84,103540,394],{"class":387},[84,103542,3961],{"class":391},[84,103544,394],{"class":387},[84,103546,282],{"class":102},[84,103548,388],{"class":387},[84,103550,3952],{"class":391},[84,103552,394],{"class":387},[84,103554,282],{"class":102},[84,103556,388],{"class":387},[84,103558,33098],{"class":391},[84,103560,394],{"class":387},[84,103562,9188],{"class":102},[24,103564,103565],{},"No error happens here.",[24,103567,103568],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[75,103570,103572],{"className":77,"code":103571,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103573,103574,103590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103575,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103577,6872],{"class":470},[84,103579,3230],{"class":387},[84,103581,22414],{"class":391},[84,103583,854],{"class":387},[84,103585,620],{"class":94},[84,103587,52720],{"class":90},[84,103589,6266],{"class":102},[84,103591,103592,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103593,103594],{"class":90},"    fruits",[84,103596,425],{"class":102},[84,103598,34672],{"class":121},[84,103600,103],{"class":102},[84,103602,854],{"class":387},[84,103604,22414],{"class":391},[84,103606,854],{"class":387},[84,103608,110],{"class":102},[24,103610,103611,103612,103614],{},"With ",[15,103613,102554],{},", you can simply write:",[75,103616,103618],{"className":77,"code":103617,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103619,103620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103621,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103623,36165],{"class":90},[84,103625,425],{"class":102},[84,103627,102621],{"class":121},[84,103629,103],{"class":102},[84,103631,854],{"class":387},[84,103633,22414],{"class":391},[84,103635,854],{"class":387},[84,103637,110],{"class":102},[70,103639,792,103641],{"id":103640},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103642,102554],{},[24,103644,153,103645,799],{},[15,103646,102554],{},[33,103648,103649,103652,103655],{},[36,103650,103651],{},"Missing values are normal",[36,103653,103654],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[36,103656,103657],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[24,103659,103660],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[70,103662,1434],{"id":1433},[24,103664,8323,103665,425],{},[15,103666,102554],{},[1667,103668,8329,103670,103672],{"id":103669},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103671,102554],{}," to return the changed set",[24,103674,4400],{},[75,103676,103678],{"className":77,"code":103677,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103679,103680,103700,103718,103722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103681,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103683,91],{"class":90},[84,103685,95],{"class":94},[84,103687,10371],{"class":102},[84,103689,838],{"class":106},[84,103691,282],{"class":102},[84,103693,304],{"class":106},[84,103695,282],{"class":102},[84,103697,309],{"class":106},[84,103699,9188],{"class":102},[84,103701,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103703,91],{"class":90},[84,103705,95],{"class":94},[84,103707,4137],{"class":90},[84,103709,425],{"class":102},[84,103711,102621],{"class":121},[84,103713,103],{"class":102},[84,103715,568],{"class":106},[84,103717,110],{"class":102},[84,103719,103720],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103721,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103723,103724,103726,103728,103730],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,103725,116],{"class":98},[84,103727,103],{"class":102},[84,103729,122],{"class":121},[84,103731,110],{"class":102},[24,103733,103734,42027,103736,8478,103738,2279,103740,425],{},[15,103735,122],{},[15,103737,3653],{},[15,103739,102554],{},[15,103741,3653],{},[24,103743,18724],{},[75,103745,103747],{"className":77,"code":103746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103748,103749,103769,103783,103787],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103752,91],{"class":90},[84,103754,95],{"class":94},[84,103756,10371],{"class":102},[84,103758,838],{"class":106},[84,103760,282],{"class":102},[84,103762,304],{"class":106},[84,103764,282],{"class":102},[84,103766,309],{"class":106},[84,103768,9188],{"class":102},[84,103770,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103772,122],{"class":90},[84,103774,425],{"class":102},[84,103776,102621],{"class":121},[84,103778,103],{"class":102},[84,103780,568],{"class":106},[84,103782,110],{"class":102},[84,103784,103785],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103786,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,103788,103789,103791,103793,103795],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,103790,116],{"class":98},[84,103792,103],{"class":102},[84,103794,122],{"class":121},[84,103796,110],{"class":102},[1667,103798,37076,103800,8582,103802],{"id":103799},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103801,102554],{},[15,103803,1266],{},[24,103805,103806,103807,425],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103808,102554],{},[75,103810,103812],{"className":77,"code":103811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103813,103814,103846,103867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103815,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103817,35967],{"class":90},[84,103819,95],{"class":94},[84,103821,10371],{"class":102},[84,103823,854],{"class":387},[84,103825,419],{"class":391},[84,103827,854],{"class":387},[84,103829,282],{"class":102},[84,103831,3230],{"class":387},[84,103833,4634],{"class":391},[84,103835,854],{"class":387},[84,103837,282],{"class":102},[84,103839,3230],{"class":387},[84,103841,9619],{"class":391},[84,103843,854],{"class":387},[84,103845,9188],{"class":102},[84,103847,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103849,36019],{"class":90},[84,103851,425],{"class":102},[84,103853,102621],{"class":121},[84,103855,103],{"class":102},[84,103857,854],{"class":387},[84,103859,21958],{"class":391},[84,103861,854],{"class":387},[84,103863,125],{"class":102},[84,103865,103866],{"class":128},"   # safe\n",[84,103868,103869,103871,103873,103875],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103870,116],{"class":98},[84,103872,103],{"class":102},[84,103874,36019],{"class":121},[84,103876,110],{"class":102},[24,103878,103879,103880,45780,103883,425],{},"If you use ",[15,103881,103882],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103884,19571],{},[1667,103886,25495,103888,103890],{"id":103887},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103889,102554],{}," on a list instead of a set",[24,103892,103893,101907],{},[15,103894,102554],{},[24,103896,16526],{},[75,103898,103900],{"className":77,"code":103899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103901,103902,103922],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103903,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103905,7656],{"class":90},[84,103907,95],{"class":94},[84,103909,3498],{"class":102},[84,103911,838],{"class":106},[84,103913,282],{"class":102},[84,103915,304],{"class":106},[84,103917,282],{"class":102},[84,103919,309],{"class":106},[84,103921,317],{"class":102},[84,103923,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103925,7687],{"class":90},[84,103927,425],{"class":102},[84,103929,102621],{"class":121},[84,103931,103],{"class":102},[84,103933,568],{"class":106},[84,103935,110],{"class":102},[24,103937,103938,103939,881],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103940,102554],{},[75,103942,103944],{"className":77,"code":103943,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103945,103946,103966,103980],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103947,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103949,7656],{"class":90},[84,103951,95],{"class":94},[84,103953,10371],{"class":102},[84,103955,838],{"class":106},[84,103957,282],{"class":102},[84,103959,304],{"class":106},[84,103961,282],{"class":102},[84,103963,309],{"class":106},[84,103965,9188],{"class":102},[84,103967,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,103969,7687],{"class":90},[84,103971,425],{"class":102},[84,103973,102621],{"class":121},[84,103975,103],{"class":102},[84,103977,568],{"class":106},[84,103979,110],{"class":102},[84,103981,103982,103984,103986,103988],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,103983,116],{"class":98},[84,103985,103],{"class":102},[84,103987,7687],{"class":121},[84,103989,110],{"class":102},[1667,103991,103993],{"id":103992},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[24,103995,103996],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[24,103998,2717],{},[75,104000,104002],{"className":77,"code":104001,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104003,104004,104024],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104005,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104007,9044],{"class":90},[84,104009,95],{"class":94},[84,104011,10371],{"class":102},[84,104013,838],{"class":106},[84,104015,282],{"class":102},[84,104017,304],{"class":106},[84,104019,282],{"class":102},[84,104021,309],{"class":106},[84,104023,9188],{"class":102},[84,104025,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104027,9083],{"class":90},[84,104029,425],{"class":102},[84,104031,102621],{"class":121},[84,104033,2865],{"class":102},[84,104035,568],{"class":106},[84,104037,741],{"class":102},[24,104039,104040],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[70,104042,8750],{"id":8749},[24,104044,8753,104045,104047],{},[15,104046,102554],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[75,104049,104051],{"className":77,"code":104050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104052,104053,104063,104077,104091],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104054,104055,104057,104059,104061],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104056,116],{"class":98},[84,104058,103],{"class":102},[84,104060,15548],{"class":121},[84,104062,110],{"class":102},[84,104064,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104066,116],{"class":98},[84,104068,103],{"class":102},[84,104070,334],{"class":139},[84,104072,103],{"class":102},[84,104074,15548],{"class":121},[84,104076,232],{"class":102},[84,104078,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,104080,116],{"class":98},[84,104082,103],{"class":102},[84,104084,2329],{"class":121},[84,104086,476],{"class":470},[84,104088,96624],{"class":121},[84,104090,110],{"class":102},[84,104092,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,104094,32029],{"class":98},[84,104096,103],{"class":102},[84,104098,6159],{"class":139},[84,104100,425],{"class":102},[84,104102,102621],{"class":24629},[84,104104,110],{"class":102},[24,104106,11049],{},[33,104108,104109,104112,104115,104118],{},[36,104110,104111],{},"What is currently in the set",[36,104113,104114],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[36,104116,104117],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[36,104119,104120],{},"How Python documents the method",[70,104122,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,104124,104126],{"id":104125},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[24,104128,104129,104130,104132],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104131,102554],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1667,104134,5016,104136,12598],{"id":104135},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104137,102559],{},[24,104139,5022,104140,104142],{},[15,104141,3653],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1667,104144,5053,104146,28,104148,1689],{"id":104145},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104147,102554],{},[15,104149,1266],{},[24,104151,104152,104153,26414,104155,104157,104158,104160],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104154,1266],{},[15,104156,19571],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104159,102554],{}," does not.",[1667,104162,28205,104164,104166],{"id":104163},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104165,102554],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[24,104168,1676,104169,104171],{},[15,104170,102554],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[70,104173,1777],{"id":1776},[33,104175,104176,104182,104188,104193,104197],{},[36,104177,104178],{},[419,104179,96514,104180,10620],{"href":97909},[15,104181,1266],{},[36,104183,104184],{},[419,104185,96514,104186,10620],{"href":97914},[15,104187,12645],{},[36,104189,104190],{},[419,104191,104192],{"href":97583},"Python set: creating a set",[36,104194,104195],{},[419,104196,100049],{"href":98491},[36,104198,104199],{},[419,104200,11141],{"href":10954},[1814,104202,104203],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":104205},[104206,104207,104209,104212,104217,104218,104219,104220,104222,104231,104232,104241],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":102731,"depth":113,"text":104208},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":104210},[104211],{"id":102804,"depth":132,"text":102805},{"id":102884,"depth":113,"text":104213,"children":104214},"What makes discard() different",[104215],{"id":102923,"depth":132,"text":104216},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103076,"depth":113,"text":103077},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":103447,"depth":113,"text":103448},{"id":103640,"depth":113,"text":104221},"When to use discard()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":104223},[104224,104226,104228,104230],{"id":103669,"depth":132,"text":104225},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103799,"depth":132,"text":104227},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103887,"depth":132,"text":104229},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103992,"depth":132,"text":103993},{"id":8749,"depth":113,"text":8750},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":104233},[104234,104235,104237,104239],{"id":104125,"depth":132,"text":104126},{"id":104135,"depth":132,"text":104236},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104145,"depth":132,"text":104238},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104163,"depth":132,"text":104240},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102546,"description":104242},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104249,"title":104250,"body":104251,"description":106257,"extension":1845,"meta":106258,"navigation":237,"path":106259,"seo":106260,"stem":106261,"__hash__":106262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104252,"toc":106215},[104253,104256,104264,104269,104280,104282,104337,104341,104361,104366,104370,104375,104377,104391,104393,104468,104470,104503,104508,104513,104515,104517,104532,104535,104543,104548,104563,104565,104654,104656,104745,104751,104755,104757,104795,104797,104821,104824,104839,104841,104896,104898,104931,104933,104938,104942,104946,104951,105016,105018,105038,105044,105048,105105,105107,105128,105132,105137,105182,105184,105217,105220,105224,105257,105259,105288,105292,105296,105299,105301,105320,105322,105368,105373,105387,105389,105420,105425,105428,105472,105474,105502,105506,105510,105526,105529,105594,105596,105608,105611,105615,105618,105623,105651,105653,105671,105677,105716,105718,105736,105742,105771,105773,105791,105794,105811,105813,105818,105822,105825,105851,105858,105863,105878,105887,105891,105894,105925,105931,105934,105943,105946,105948,105950,106008,106011,106036,106038,106042,106045,106049,106057,106061,106064,106068,106071,106073,106096,106098,106139,106146,106154,106157,106188,106190,106212],[10,104254,104250],{"id":104255},"python-set-function-explained",[24,104257,9001,104258,104260,104261,425],{},[15,104259,3672],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[42,104262,104263],{},"unique values only",[24,104265,35283,104266,104268],{},[15,104267,3672],{}," to:",[33,104270,104271,104274,104277],{},[36,104272,104273],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[36,104275,104276],{},"check whether a value exists",[36,104278,104279],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[70,104281,1887],{"id":1886},[75,104283,104285],{"className":77,"code":104284,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104286,104287,104311,104326],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104288,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305,104307,104309],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104290,91],{"class":90},[84,104292,95],{"class":94},[84,104294,3498],{"class":102},[84,104296,838],{"class":106},[84,104298,282],{"class":102},[84,104300,304],{"class":106},[84,104302,282],{"class":102},[84,104304,304],{"class":106},[84,104306,282],{"class":102},[84,104308,309],{"class":106},[84,104310,317],{"class":102},[84,104312,104313,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104314,104315],{"class":90},"unique_numbers ",[84,104317,95],{"class":94},[84,104319,15515],{"class":139},[84,104321,103],{"class":102},[84,104323,122],{"class":121},[84,104325,110],{"class":102},[84,104327,104328,104330,104332,104335],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,104329,116],{"class":98},[84,104331,103],{"class":102},[84,104333,104334],{"class":121},"unique_numbers",[84,104336,110],{"class":102},[24,104338,104339],{},[42,104340,265],{},[75,104342,104343],{"className":77,"code":96307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,104344,104345],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104346,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104348,9157],{"class":102},[84,104350,838],{"class":106},[84,104352,282],{"class":102},[84,104354,304],{"class":106},[84,104356,282],{"class":102},[84,104358,309],{"class":106},[84,104360,9188],{"class":102},[24,104362,153,104363,104365],{},[15,104364,3672],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[70,104367,104369],{"id":104368},"what-set-does","What set() does",[24,104371,104372,104374],{},[15,104373,3672],{}," creates a new set object.",[24,104376,30416],{},[33,104378,104379,104382,104385,104388],{},[36,104380,104381],{},"A set stores unique items only",[36,104383,104384],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[36,104386,104387],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[36,104389,104390],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[24,104392,190],{},[75,104394,104396],{"className":77,"code":104395,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104397,104398,104438,104453,104457],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104399,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104401,12959],{"class":90},[84,104403,95],{"class":94},[84,104405,3498],{"class":102},[84,104407,854],{"class":387},[84,104409,12976],{"class":391},[84,104411,854],{"class":387},[84,104413,282],{"class":102},[84,104415,3230],{"class":387},[84,104417,12993],{"class":391},[84,104419,854],{"class":387},[84,104421,282],{"class":102},[84,104423,3230],{"class":387},[84,104425,12976],{"class":391},[84,104427,854],{"class":387},[84,104429,282],{"class":102},[84,104431,3230],{"class":387},[84,104433,17338],{"class":391},[84,104435,854],{"class":387},[84,104437,317],{"class":102},[84,104439,104440,104443,104445,104447,104449,104451],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104441,104442],{"class":90},"unique_colors ",[84,104444,95],{"class":94},[84,104446,15515],{"class":139},[84,104448,103],{"class":102},[84,104450,17385],{"class":121},[84,104452,110],{"class":102},[84,104454,104455],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,104456,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,104458,104459,104461,104463,104466],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,104460,116],{"class":98},[84,104462,103],{"class":102},[84,104464,104465],{"class":121},"unique_colors",[84,104467,110],{"class":102},[24,104469,29905],{},[75,104471,104473],{"className":77,"code":104472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104474,104475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104476,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104478,9157],{"class":102},[84,104480,394],{"class":387},[84,104482,12993],{"class":391},[84,104484,394],{"class":387},[84,104486,282],{"class":102},[84,104488,388],{"class":387},[84,104490,17338],{"class":391},[84,104492,394],{"class":387},[84,104494,282],{"class":102},[84,104496,388],{"class":387},[84,104498,12976],{"class":391},[84,104500,394],{"class":387},[84,104502,9188],{"class":102},[24,104504,2167,104505,104507],{},[15,104506,65256],{}," appears only once.",[24,104509,104510,104511,425],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[419,104512,96028],{"href":96027},[70,104514,2038],{"id":2037},[24,104516,2041],{},[75,104518,104520],{"className":77,"code":104519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104521,104522],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104523,104524,104526,104528,104530],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104525,6159],{"class":139},[84,104527,103],{"class":102},[84,104529,3595],{"class":121},[84,104531,110],{"class":102},[24,104533,104534],{},"The argument is optional.",[33,104536,104537,104540],{},[36,104538,104539],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[36,104541,104542],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[24,104544,104545,104546,881],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104547,3672],{},[33,104549,104550,104552,104554,104556,104560],{},[36,104551,140],{},[36,104553,48821],{},[36,104555,61040],{},[36,104557,104558],{},[15,104559,17],{},[36,104561,104562],{},"another set",[24,104564,2006],{},[75,104566,104568],{"className":77,"code":104567,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104569,104570,104596,104618,104636],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104571,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104573,116],{"class":98},[84,104575,103],{"class":102},[84,104577,6159],{"class":139},[84,104579,2865],{"class":102},[84,104581,838],{"class":106},[84,104583,282],{"class":102},[84,104585,304],{"class":106},[84,104587,282],{"class":102},[84,104589,304],{"class":106},[84,104591,282],{"class":102},[84,104593,309],{"class":106},[84,104595,2878],{"class":102},[84,104597,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104599,116],{"class":98},[84,104601,103],{"class":102},[84,104603,6159],{"class":139},[84,104605,5384],{"class":102},[84,104607,2212],{"class":106},[84,104609,282],{"class":102},[84,104611,7667],{"class":106},[84,104613,282],{"class":102},[84,104615,573],{"class":106},[84,104617,345],{"class":102},[84,104619,104620,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,104621,116],{"class":98},[84,104623,103],{"class":102},[84,104625,6159],{"class":139},[84,104627,103],{"class":102},[84,104629,854],{"class":387},[84,104631,3721],{"class":391},[84,104633,854],{"class":387},[84,104635,232],{"class":102},[84,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,104639,116],{"class":98},[84,104641,103],{"class":102},[84,104643,6159],{"class":139},[84,104645,103],{"class":102},[84,104647,225],{"class":98},[84,104649,103],{"class":102},[84,104651,2386],{"class":106},[84,104653,345],{"class":102},[24,104655,29905],{},[75,104657,104659],{"className":77,"code":104658,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104660,104661,104677,104689,104725],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104662,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104664,9157],{"class":102},[84,104666,838],{"class":106},[84,104668,282],{"class":102},[84,104670,304],{"class":106},[84,104672,282],{"class":102},[84,104674,309],{"class":106},[84,104676,9188],{"class":102},[84,104678,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104680,9157],{"class":102},[84,104682,2212],{"class":106},[84,104684,282],{"class":102},[84,104686,7667],{"class":106},[84,104688,9188],{"class":102},[84,104690,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,104692,9157],{"class":102},[84,104694,394],{"class":387},[84,104696,60305],{"class":391},[84,104698,394],{"class":387},[84,104700,282],{"class":102},[84,104702,388],{"class":387},[84,104704,60314],{"class":391},[84,104706,394],{"class":387},[84,104708,282],{"class":102},[84,104710,388],{"class":387},[84,104712,60323],{"class":391},[84,104714,394],{"class":387},[84,104716,282],{"class":102},[84,104718,388],{"class":387},[84,104720,60340],{"class":391},[84,104722,394],{"class":387},[84,104724,9188],{"class":102},[84,104726,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,104728,9157],{"class":102},[84,104730,279],{"class":106},[84,104732,282],{"class":102},[84,104734,299],{"class":106},[84,104736,282],{"class":102},[84,104738,304],{"class":106},[84,104740,282],{"class":102},[84,104742,309],{"class":106},[84,104744,9188],{"class":102},[24,104746,104747,104748,425],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[419,104749,104750],{"href":785},"Python list() function explained",[70,104752,104754],{"id":104753},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[24,104756,97980],{},[75,104758,104759],{"className":77,"code":98945,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,104760,104761,104771,104781],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104762,104763,104765,104767,104769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104764,97990],{"class":90},[84,104766,95],{"class":94},[84,104768,15515],{"class":139},[84,104770,8520],{"class":102},[84,104772,104773,104775,104777,104779],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104774,116],{"class":98},[84,104776,103],{"class":102},[84,104778,98009],{"class":121},[84,104780,110],{"class":102},[84,104782,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,104784,116],{"class":98},[84,104786,103],{"class":102},[84,104788,334],{"class":139},[84,104790,103],{"class":102},[84,104792,98009],{"class":121},[84,104794,232],{"class":102},[24,104796,265],{},[75,104798,104799],{"className":77,"code":98988,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,104800,104801,104807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104802,104803,104805],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104804,6159],{"class":139},[84,104806,8520],{"class":102},[84,104808,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817,104819],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104810,380],{"class":94},[84,104812,384],{"class":383},[84,104814,388],{"class":387},[84,104816,6159],{"class":391},[84,104818,394],{"class":387},[84,104820,397],{"class":94},[24,104822,104823],{},"This is important because:",[33,104825,104826,104831],{},[36,104827,104828,104830],{},[15,104829,3672],{}," creates an empty set",[36,104832,104833,104835,104836,104838],{},[15,104834,3667],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[42,104837,1367],{}," a set",[24,104840,190],{},[75,104842,104844],{"className":77,"code":104843,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104845,104846,104856,104864,104868,104882],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104847,104848,104850,104852,104854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104849,2436],{"class":90},[84,104851,95],{"class":94},[84,104853,15515],{"class":139},[84,104855,8520],{"class":102},[84,104857,104858,104860,104862],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104859,2463],{"class":90},[84,104861,95],{"class":94},[84,104863,9718],{"class":102},[84,104865,104866],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,104867,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,104869,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,104871,116],{"class":98},[84,104873,103],{"class":102},[84,104875,334],{"class":139},[84,104877,103],{"class":102},[84,104879,419],{"class":121},[84,104881,232],{"class":102},[84,104883,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,104885,116],{"class":98},[84,104887,103],{"class":102},[84,104889,334],{"class":139},[84,104891,103],{"class":102},[84,104893,4634],{"class":121},[84,104895,232],{"class":102},[24,104897,265],{},[75,104899,104901],{"className":77,"code":104900,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104902,104903,104917],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104904,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104906,380],{"class":94},[84,104908,384],{"class":383},[84,104910,388],{"class":387},[84,104912,6159],{"class":391},[84,104914,394],{"class":387},[84,104916,397],{"class":94},[84,104918,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104920,380],{"class":94},[84,104922,384],{"class":383},[84,104924,388],{"class":387},[84,104926,8699],{"class":391},[84,104928,394],{"class":387},[84,104930,397],{"class":94},[24,104932,13932],{},[24,104934,104935,104936,425],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[419,104937,104192],{"href":96031},[70,104939,104941],{"id":104940},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1667,104943,104945],{"id":104944},"from-a-list","From a list",[24,104947,104948,104949,425],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104950,3672],{},[75,104952,104954],{"className":77,"code":104953,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104955,104956,104988,105002,105006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104957,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104959,91],{"class":90},[84,104961,95],{"class":94},[84,104963,3498],{"class":102},[84,104965,838],{"class":106},[84,104967,282],{"class":102},[84,104969,304],{"class":106},[84,104971,282],{"class":102},[84,104973,304],{"class":106},[84,104975,282],{"class":102},[84,104977,309],{"class":106},[84,104979,282],{"class":102},[84,104981,309],{"class":106},[84,104983,282],{"class":102},[84,104985,309],{"class":106},[84,104987,317],{"class":102},[84,104989,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,104991,2110],{"class":90},[84,104993,95],{"class":94},[84,104995,15515],{"class":139},[84,104997,103],{"class":102},[84,104999,122],{"class":121},[84,105001,110],{"class":102},[84,105003,105004],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,105005,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,105007,105008,105010,105012,105014],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,105009,116],{"class":98},[84,105011,103],{"class":102},[84,105013,2145],{"class":121},[84,105015,110],{"class":102},[24,105017,265],{},[75,105019,105020],{"className":77,"code":96307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105021,105022],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105023,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105025,9157],{"class":102},[84,105027,838],{"class":106},[84,105029,282],{"class":102},[84,105031,304],{"class":106},[84,105033,282],{"class":102},[84,105035,309],{"class":106},[84,105037,9188],{"class":102},[24,105039,105040,105041,425],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[419,105042,98778],{"href":105043},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1667,105045,105047],{"id":105046},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[75,105049,105051],{"className":77,"code":105050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105052,105053,105077,105091,105095],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105054,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105056,3698],{"class":90},[84,105058,95],{"class":94},[84,105060,9115],{"class":102},[84,105062,107],{"class":106},[84,105064,282],{"class":102},[84,105066,285],{"class":106},[84,105068,282],{"class":102},[84,105070,573],{"class":106},[84,105072,282],{"class":102},[84,105074,37806],{"class":106},[84,105076,110],{"class":102},[84,105078,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105080,2110],{"class":90},[84,105082,95],{"class":94},[84,105084,15515],{"class":139},[84,105086,103],{"class":102},[84,105088,5233],{"class":121},[84,105090,110],{"class":102},[84,105092,105093],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,105094,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,105096,105097,105099,105101,105103],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,105098,116],{"class":98},[84,105100,103],{"class":102},[84,105102,2145],{"class":121},[84,105104,110],{"class":102},[24,105106,265],{},[75,105108,105110],{"className":77,"code":105109,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105111,105112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105113,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105115,9157],{"class":102},[84,105117,107],{"class":106},[84,105119,282],{"class":102},[84,105121,573],{"class":106},[84,105123,282],{"class":102},[84,105125,37806],{"class":106},[84,105127,9188],{"class":102},[1667,105129,105131],{"id":105130},"from-a-string","From a string",[24,105133,50996,105134,105136],{},[15,105135,3672],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[75,105138,105140],{"className":77,"code":105139,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105141,105142,105154,105168,105172],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105143,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105145,34565],{"class":90},[84,105147,95],{"class":94},[84,105149,3230],{"class":387},[84,105151,3961],{"class":391},[84,105153,3236],{"class":387},[84,105155,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105157,2110],{"class":90},[84,105159,95],{"class":94},[84,105161,15515],{"class":139},[84,105163,103],{"class":102},[84,105165,34586],{"class":121},[84,105167,110],{"class":102},[84,105169,105170],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,105171,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,105173,105174,105176,105178,105180],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,105175,116],{"class":98},[84,105177,103],{"class":102},[84,105179,2145],{"class":121},[84,105181,110],{"class":102},[24,105183,29905],{},[75,105185,105187],{"className":77,"code":105186,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105188,105189],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105190,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105192,9157],{"class":102},[84,105194,394],{"class":387},[84,105196,4634],{"class":391},[84,105198,394],{"class":387},[84,105200,282],{"class":102},[84,105202,388],{"class":387},[84,105204,419],{"class":391},[84,105206,394],{"class":387},[84,105208,282],{"class":102},[84,105210,388],{"class":387},[84,105212,75893],{"class":391},[84,105214,394],{"class":387},[84,105216,9188],{"class":102},[24,105218,105219],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1667,105221,105223],{"id":105222},"from-range","From range()",[75,105225,105227],{"className":77,"code":105226,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105228,105229,105247],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105230,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105232,2110],{"class":90},[84,105234,95],{"class":94},[84,105236,15515],{"class":139},[84,105238,103],{"class":102},[84,105240,225],{"class":98},[84,105242,103],{"class":102},[84,105244,107],{"class":106},[84,105246,232],{"class":102},[84,105248,105249,105251,105253,105255],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105250,116],{"class":98},[84,105252,103],{"class":102},[84,105254,2145],{"class":121},[84,105256,110],{"class":102},[24,105258,265],{},[75,105260,105262],{"className":77,"code":105261,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105263,105264],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105265,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105267,9157],{"class":102},[84,105269,279],{"class":106},[84,105271,282],{"class":102},[84,105273,299],{"class":106},[84,105275,282],{"class":102},[84,105277,304],{"class":106},[84,105279,282],{"class":102},[84,105281,309],{"class":106},[84,105283,282],{"class":102},[84,105285,314],{"class":106},[84,105287,9188],{"class":102},[70,105289,105291],{"id":105290},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[24,105293,99225,105294,425],{},[42,105295,96071],{},[24,105297,105298],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[24,105300,99231],{},[33,105302,105303,105307,105311,105315],{},[36,105304,105305],{},[15,105306,2070],{},[36,105308,105309],{},[15,105310,3321],{},[36,105312,105313],{},[15,105314,2073],{},[36,105316,105317,105319],{},[15,105318,48821],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[24,105321,190],{},[75,105323,105325],{"className":77,"code":105324,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105326,105327,105358],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105330,7656],{"class":90},[84,105332,95],{"class":94},[84,105334,10371],{"class":102},[84,105336,838],{"class":106},[84,105338,282],{"class":102},[84,105340,3230],{"class":387},[84,105342,3721],{"class":391},[84,105344,854],{"class":387},[84,105346,282],{"class":102},[84,105348,9115],{"class":102},[84,105350,2212],{"class":106},[84,105352,282],{"class":102},[84,105354,7667],{"class":106},[84,105356,105357],{"class":102},")}\n",[84,105359,105360,105362,105364,105366],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105361,116],{"class":98},[84,105363,103],{"class":102},[84,105365,7687],{"class":121},[84,105367,110],{"class":102},[24,105369,99293,105370,105372],{},[42,105371,1367],{}," work inside a set:",[33,105374,105375,105379,105383],{},[36,105376,105377],{},[15,105378,140],{},[36,105380,105381],{},[15,105382,8699],{},[36,105384,105385],{},[15,105386,6159],{},[24,105388,96796],{},[75,105390,105392],{"className":77,"code":105391,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105393,105394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105395,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105397,99312],{"class":90},[84,105399,95],{"class":94},[84,105401,99317],{"class":102},[84,105403,838],{"class":106},[84,105405,282],{"class":102},[84,105407,304],{"class":106},[84,105409,17945],{"class":102},[84,105411,3498],{"class":102},[84,105413,1162],{"class":106},[84,105415,282],{"class":102},[84,105417,314],{"class":106},[84,105419,13589],{"class":102},[24,105421,76721,105422,105424],{},[15,105423,2884],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[24,105426,105427],{},"A safer example:",[75,105429,105431],{"className":77,"code":105430,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105432,105433,105461],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105434,105435,105438,105440,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105436,105437],{"class":90},"good_set ",[84,105439,95],{"class":94},[84,105441,105442],{"class":102}," {(",[84,105444,838],{"class":106},[84,105446,282],{"class":102},[84,105448,304],{"class":106},[84,105450,9112],{"class":102},[84,105452,9115],{"class":102},[84,105454,1162],{"class":106},[84,105456,282],{"class":102},[84,105458,314],{"class":106},[84,105460,105357],{"class":102},[84,105462,105463,105465,105467,105470],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105464,116],{"class":98},[84,105466,103],{"class":102},[84,105468,105469],{"class":121},"good_set",[84,105471,110],{"class":102},[24,105473,265],{},[75,105475,105477],{"className":77,"code":105476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105478,105479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105480,105481,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105482,105483],{"class":102},"{(",[84,105485,838],{"class":106},[84,105487,282],{"class":102},[84,105489,304],{"class":106},[84,105491,9112],{"class":102},[84,105493,9115],{"class":102},[84,105495,1162],{"class":106},[84,105497,282],{"class":102},[84,105499,314],{"class":106},[84,105501,105357],{"class":102},[70,105503,105505],{"id":105504},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[24,105507,153,105508,799],{},[15,105509,3672],{},[33,105511,105512,105515,105520,105523],{},[36,105513,105514],{},"you need unique values only",[36,105516,105517,105518],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105519,476],{},[36,105521,105522],{},"order does not matter",[36,105524,105525],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[24,105527,105528],{},"Example of membership checking:",[75,105530,105532],{"className":77,"code":105531,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105533,105534,105559,105563,105579],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105535,105536,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105552,105554,105557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105537,105538],{"class":90},"allowed_ids ",[84,105540,95],{"class":94},[84,105542,15515],{"class":139},[84,105544,2865],{"class":102},[84,105546,46463],{"class":106},[84,105548,282],{"class":102},[84,105550,105551],{"class":106}," 102",[84,105553,282],{"class":102},[84,105555,105556],{"class":106}," 103",[84,105558,741],{"class":102},[84,105560,105561],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105562,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,105564,105565,105567,105569,105572,105574,105577],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,105566,116],{"class":98},[84,105568,103],{"class":102},[84,105570,105571],{"class":106},"102",[84,105573,620],{"class":470},[84,105575,105576],{"class":121}," allowed_ids",[84,105578,110],{"class":102},[84,105580,105581,105583,105585,105588,105590,105592],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,105582,116],{"class":98},[84,105584,103],{"class":102},[84,105586,105587],{"class":106},"999",[84,105589,620],{"class":470},[84,105591,105576],{"class":121},[84,105593,110],{"class":102},[24,105595,265],{},[75,105597,105598],{"className":77,"code":44046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105599,105600,105604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105601,105602],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105603,660],{"class":659},[84,105605,105606],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105607,3913],{"class":659},[24,105609,105610],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[70,105612,105614],{"id":105613},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[24,105616,105617],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1667,105619,153,105621,97922],{"id":105620},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105622,3672],{},[75,105624,105625],{"className":77,"code":97983,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105626,105627,105637],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105628,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105630,97990],{"class":90},[84,105632,95],{"class":94},[84,105634,15515],{"class":139},[84,105636,8520],{"class":102},[84,105638,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105640,116],{"class":98},[84,105642,103],{"class":102},[84,105644,334],{"class":139},[84,105646,103],{"class":102},[84,105648,98009],{"class":121},[84,105650,232],{"class":102},[24,105652,265],{},[75,105654,105655],{"className":77,"code":8730,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105656,105657],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105660,380],{"class":94},[84,105662,384],{"class":383},[84,105664,388],{"class":387},[84,105666,6159],{"class":391},[84,105668,394],{"class":387},[84,105670,397],{"class":94},[1667,105672,153,105674,105676],{"id":105673},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105675,99982],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[75,105678,105680],{"className":77,"code":105679,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105681,105682,105702],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105683,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105685,91],{"class":90},[84,105687,95],{"class":94},[84,105689,10371],{"class":102},[84,105691,838],{"class":106},[84,105693,282],{"class":102},[84,105695,304],{"class":106},[84,105697,282],{"class":102},[84,105699,309],{"class":106},[84,105701,9188],{"class":102},[84,105703,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105705,116],{"class":98},[84,105707,103],{"class":102},[84,105709,334],{"class":139},[84,105711,103],{"class":102},[84,105713,122],{"class":121},[84,105715,232],{"class":102},[24,105717,265],{},[75,105719,105720],{"className":77,"code":8730,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105721,105722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105723,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105725,380],{"class":94},[84,105727,384],{"class":383},[84,105729,388],{"class":387},[84,105731,6159],{"class":391},[84,105733,394],{"class":387},[84,105735,397],{"class":94},[1667,105737,153,105739,105741],{"id":105738},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105740,3667],{}," for an empty dictionary",[75,105743,105745],{"className":77,"code":105744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105746,105747,105756],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105748,105749,105752,105754],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105750,105751],{"class":90},"empty_dict ",[84,105753,95],{"class":94},[84,105755,9718],{"class":102},[84,105757,105758,105760,105762,105764,105766,105769],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105759,116],{"class":98},[84,105761,103],{"class":102},[84,105763,334],{"class":139},[84,105765,103],{"class":102},[84,105767,105768],{"class":121},"empty_dict",[84,105770,232],{"class":102},[24,105772,265],{},[75,105774,105775],{"className":77,"code":8686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105776,105777],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105778,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787,105789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105780,380],{"class":94},[84,105782,384],{"class":383},[84,105784,388],{"class":387},[84,105786,8699],{"class":391},[84,105788,394],{"class":387},[84,105790,397],{"class":94},[24,105792,105793],{},"So the rule is simple:",[33,105795,105796,105801,105806],{},[36,105797,105798,105800],{},[15,105799,3672],{}," → empty set",[36,105802,105803,105805],{},[15,105804,99982],{}," → non-empty set",[36,105807,105808,105810],{},[15,105809,3667],{}," → empty dictionary",[70,105812,1434],{"id":1433},[24,105814,105815,105816,425],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105817,3672],{},[1667,105819,1442,105820,99580],{"id":99577},[15,105821,3667],{},[24,105823,105824],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[75,105826,105827],{"className":77,"code":99586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105828,105829,105837],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105830,105831,105833,105835],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105832,2329],{"class":90},[84,105834,95],{"class":94},[84,105836,9718],{"class":102},[84,105838,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105840,116],{"class":98},[84,105842,103],{"class":102},[84,105844,334],{"class":139},[84,105846,103],{"class":102},[84,105848,2354],{"class":121},[84,105850,232],{"class":102},[1667,105852,105854,105855],{"id":105853},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105856,105857],{},"set(5)",[24,105859,105860,105862],{},[15,105861,3672],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[75,105864,105866],{"className":77,"code":105865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set(5)\n",[15,105867,105868],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105869,105870,105872,105874,105876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105871,6159],{"class":139},[84,105873,103],{"class":102},[84,105875,107],{"class":106},[84,105877,110],{"class":102},[24,105879,2881,105880,105882,105883,425],{},[15,105881,2884],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[419,105884,105886],{"href":105885},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1667,105888,105890],{"id":105889},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[24,105892,105893],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[75,105895,105897],{"className":77,"code":105896,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105898,105899],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105900,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105902,2329],{"class":90},[84,105904,95],{"class":94},[84,105906,99317],{"class":102},[84,105908,838],{"class":106},[84,105910,282],{"class":102},[84,105912,304],{"class":106},[84,105914,17945],{"class":102},[84,105916,3498],{"class":102},[84,105918,1162],{"class":106},[84,105920,282],{"class":102},[84,105922,314],{"class":106},[84,105924,13589],{"class":102},[1667,105926,8329,105928,105930],{"id":105927},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105929,3672],{}," to keep the original order",[24,105932,105933],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1667,105935,37076,105937,8582,105939,2759,105941],{"id":105936},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105938,3672],{},[15,105940,788],{},[15,105942,8998],{},[24,105944,105945],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[70,105947,60576],{"id":60575},[24,105949,10992],{},[75,105951,105953],{"className":77,"code":105952,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105954,105955,105970,105980,105994],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105956,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965,105968],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105958,116],{"class":98},[84,105960,103],{"class":102},[84,105962,334],{"class":139},[84,105964,103],{"class":102},[84,105966,105967],{"class":121},"my_value",[84,105969,232],{"class":102},[84,105971,105972,105974,105976,105978],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,105973,116],{"class":98},[84,105975,103],{"class":102},[84,105977,105967],{"class":121},[84,105979,110],{"class":102},[84,105981,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,105983,116],{"class":98},[84,105985,103],{"class":102},[84,105987,140],{"class":139},[84,105989,103],{"class":102},[84,105991,15548],{"class":121},[84,105993,232],{"class":102},[84,105995,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,105997,116],{"class":98},[84,105999,103],{"class":102},[84,106001,602],{"class":98},[84,106003,103],{"class":102},[84,106005,15548],{"class":121},[84,106007,232],{"class":102},[24,106009,106010],{},"What they help you see:",[33,106012,106013,106019,106024,106030],{},[36,106014,106015,106018],{},[15,106016,106017],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[36,106020,106021,90411],{},[15,106022,106023],{},"print(my_value)",[36,106025,106026,106029],{},[15,106027,106028],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[36,106031,106032,106035],{},[15,106033,106034],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[70,106037,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,106039,106041],{"id":106040},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[24,106043,106044],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1667,106046,106048],{"id":106047},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[24,106050,153,106051,106053,106054,106056],{},[15,106052,3672],{},". Do not use ",[15,106055,3667],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1667,106058,106060],{"id":106059},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[24,106062,106063],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1667,106065,106067],{"id":106066},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[24,106069,106070],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[24,106072,190],{},[75,106074,106076],{"className":77,"code":106075,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106077,106078],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106079,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106081,116],{"class":98},[84,106083,103],{"class":102},[84,106085,6159],{"class":139},[84,106087,103],{"class":102},[84,106089,854],{"class":387},[84,106091,3952],{"class":391},[84,106093,854],{"class":387},[84,106095,232],{"class":102},[24,106097,29905],{},[75,106099,106101],{"className":77,"code":106100,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106102,106103],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106104,106105,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106106,9157],{"class":102},[84,106108,394],{"class":387},[84,106110,419],{"class":391},[84,106112,394],{"class":387},[84,106114,282],{"class":102},[84,106116,388],{"class":387},[84,106118,24],{"class":391},[84,106120,394],{"class":387},[84,106122,282],{"class":102},[84,106124,388],{"class":387},[84,106126,60323],{"class":391},[84,106128,394],{"class":387},[84,106130,282],{"class":102},[84,106132,388],{"class":387},[84,106134,60314],{"class":391},[84,106136,394],{"class":387},[84,106138,9188],{"class":102},[1667,106140,1753,106142,106145],{"id":106141},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106143,106144],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[24,106147,106148,28562,106150,106153],{},[15,106149,3672],{},[42,106151,106152],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[24,106155,106156],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[75,106158,106160],{"className":77,"code":106159,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106161,106162],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106163,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106165,116],{"class":98},[84,106167,103],{"class":102},[84,106169,6159],{"class":139},[84,106171,2865],{"class":102},[84,106173,838],{"class":106},[84,106175,282],{"class":102},[84,106177,304],{"class":106},[84,106179,282],{"class":102},[84,106181,309],{"class":106},[84,106183,282],{"class":102},[84,106185,314],{"class":106},[84,106187,2878],{"class":102},[70,106189,1777],{"id":1776},[33,106191,106192,106196,106200,106204,106208],{},[36,106193,106194],{},[419,106195,96028],{"href":96027},[36,106197,106198],{},[419,106199,104192],{"href":96031},[36,106201,106202],{},[419,106203,100044],{"href":105043},[36,106205,106206],{},[419,106207,104750],{"href":785},[36,106209,106210],{},[419,106211,105886],{"href":105885},[1814,106213,106214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":106216},[106217,106218,106219,106220,106221,106227,106228,106229,106237,106247,106248,106256],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":104368,"depth":113,"text":104369},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":104753,"depth":113,"text":104754},{"id":104940,"depth":113,"text":104941,"children":106222},[106223,106224,106225,106226],{"id":104944,"depth":132,"text":104945},{"id":105046,"depth":132,"text":105047},{"id":105130,"depth":132,"text":105131},{"id":105222,"depth":132,"text":105223},{"id":105290,"depth":113,"text":105291},{"id":105504,"depth":113,"text":105505},{"id":105613,"depth":113,"text":105614,"children":106230},[106231,106233,106235],{"id":105620,"depth":132,"text":106232},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105673,"depth":132,"text":106234},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105738,"depth":132,"text":106236},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":106238},[106239,106240,106242,106243,106245],{"id":99577,"depth":132,"text":100085},{"id":105853,"depth":132,"text":106241},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105889,"depth":132,"text":105890},{"id":105927,"depth":132,"text":106244},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105936,"depth":132,"text":106246},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60575,"depth":113,"text":60576},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":106249},[106250,106251,106252,106253,106254],{"id":106040,"depth":132,"text":106041},{"id":106047,"depth":132,"text":106048},{"id":106059,"depth":132,"text":106060},{"id":106066,"depth":132,"text":106067},{"id":106141,"depth":132,"text":106255},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104250,"description":106257},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106264,"title":106265,"body":106266,"description":107781,"extension":1845,"meta":107782,"navigation":237,"path":107783,"seo":107784,"stem":107785,"__hash__":107786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106267,"toc":107757},[106268,106274,106279,106282,106365,106370,106375,106380,106382,106395,106399,106401,106420,106423,106446,106449,106460,106462,106543,106545,106562,106564,106570,106573,106668,106670,106701,106703,106711,106713,106716,106827,106829,106854,106856,106878,106883,106888,106894,107003,107005,107021,107024,107027,107110,107112,107129,107137,107139,107143,107149,107240,107242,107275,107280,107287,107364,107366,107383,107389,107391,107395,107411,107414,107440,107442,107503,107505,107628,107630,107681,107687,107689,107694,107696,107702,107705,107709,107712,107716,107719,107729,107731,107754],[10,106269,13,106271,11201],{"id":106270},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106272,106273],{},"set.intersection()",[24,106275,1862,106276,106278],{},[15,106277,106273],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[24,106280,106281],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[75,106283,106285],{"className":77,"code":106284,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106286,106287,106307,106327,106331,106350,106360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106288,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106290,2436],{"class":90},[84,106292,95],{"class":94},[84,106294,10371],{"class":102},[84,106296,838],{"class":106},[84,106298,282],{"class":102},[84,106300,304],{"class":106},[84,106302,282],{"class":102},[84,106304,309],{"class":106},[84,106306,9188],{"class":102},[84,106308,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,106310,2463],{"class":90},[84,106312,95],{"class":94},[84,106314,10371],{"class":102},[84,106316,568],{"class":106},[84,106318,282],{"class":102},[84,106320,309],{"class":106},[84,106322,282],{"class":102},[84,106324,314],{"class":106},[84,106326,9188],{"class":102},[84,106328,106329],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,106330,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,106332,106333,106335,106337,106339,106341,106344,106346,106348],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,106334,2110],{"class":90},[84,106336,95],{"class":94},[84,106338,56755],{"class":90},[84,106340,425],{"class":102},[84,106342,106343],{"class":121},"intersection",[84,106345,103],{"class":102},[84,106347,4634],{"class":121},[84,106349,110],{"class":102},[84,106351,106352,106354,106356,106358],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,106353,116],{"class":98},[84,106355,103],{"class":102},[84,106357,2145],{"class":121},[84,106359,110],{"class":102},[84,106361,106362],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,106363,106364],{"class":128},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[24,106366,153,106367,106369],{},[15,106368,102491],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[70,106371,12879,106373,12882],{"id":106372},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106374,102491],{},[24,106376,106377,106379],{},[15,106378,102491],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[24,106381,12935],{},[33,106383,106384,106387,106389,106392],{},[36,106385,106386],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[36,106388,100261],{},[36,106390,106391],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[36,106393,106394],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[24,106396,96024,106397,425],{},[419,106398,96028],{"href":96027},[70,106400,2038],{"id":2037},[75,106402,106404],{"className":77,"code":106403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106405,106406],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106407,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106409,100285],{"class":90},[84,106411,425],{"class":102},[84,106413,106343],{"class":121},[84,106415,103],{"class":102},[84,106417,100294],{"class":121},[84,106419,110],{"class":102},[24,106421,106422],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[75,106424,106426],{"className":77,"code":106425,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106427,106428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106429,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438,106440,106442,106444],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106431,100285],{"class":90},[84,106433,425],{"class":102},[84,106435,106343],{"class":121},[84,106437,103],{"class":102},[84,106439,100294],{"class":121},[84,106441,282],{"class":102},[84,106443,100321],{"class":121},[84,106445,110],{"class":102},[24,106447,106448],{},"Important notes:",[33,106450,106451,106454,106457],{},[36,106452,106453],{},"The result is always a new set",[36,106455,106456],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[36,106458,106459],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[24,106461,190],{},[75,106463,106465],{"className":77,"code":106464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106466,106467,106491,106511,106515,106533],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106468,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106470,2436],{"class":90},[84,106472,95],{"class":94},[84,106474,10371],{"class":102},[84,106476,838],{"class":106},[84,106478,282],{"class":102},[84,106480,304],{"class":106},[84,106482,282],{"class":102},[84,106484,309],{"class":106},[84,106486,282],{"class":102},[84,106488,314],{"class":106},[84,106490,9188],{"class":102},[84,106492,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,106494,2463],{"class":90},[84,106496,95],{"class":94},[84,106498,10371],{"class":102},[84,106500,1162],{"class":106},[84,106502,282],{"class":102},[84,106504,314],{"class":106},[84,106506,282],{"class":102},[84,106508,285],{"class":106},[84,106510,9188],{"class":102},[84,106512,106513],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,106514,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,106516,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,106518,2110],{"class":90},[84,106520,95],{"class":94},[84,106522,56755],{"class":90},[84,106524,425],{"class":102},[84,106526,106343],{"class":121},[84,106528,103],{"class":102},[84,106530,4634],{"class":121},[84,106532,110],{"class":102},[84,106534,106535,106537,106539,106541],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,106536,116],{"class":98},[84,106538,103],{"class":102},[84,106540,2145],{"class":121},[84,106542,110],{"class":102},[24,106544,265],{},[75,106546,106548],{"className":77,"code":106547,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106549,106550],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106551,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106553,9157],{"class":102},[84,106555,1162],{"class":106},[84,106557,282],{"class":102},[84,106559,314],{"class":106},[84,106561,9188],{"class":102},[70,106563,17301],{"id":17300},[24,106565,106566,173,106568,425],{},[15,106567,102491],{},[42,106569,6159],{},[24,106571,106572],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[75,106574,106576],{"className":77,"code":106575,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106577,106578,106598,106618,106622,106640,106644,106654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106579,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106581,2436],{"class":90},[84,106583,95],{"class":94},[84,106585,10371],{"class":102},[84,106587,838],{"class":106},[84,106589,282],{"class":102},[84,106591,304],{"class":106},[84,106593,282],{"class":102},[84,106595,309],{"class":106},[84,106597,9188],{"class":102},[84,106599,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,106601,2463],{"class":90},[84,106603,95],{"class":94},[84,106605,10371],{"class":102},[84,106607,568],{"class":106},[84,106609,282],{"class":102},[84,106611,309],{"class":106},[84,106613,282],{"class":102},[84,106615,314],{"class":106},[84,106617,9188],{"class":102},[84,106619,106620],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,106621,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,106623,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,106625,2110],{"class":90},[84,106627,95],{"class":94},[84,106629,56755],{"class":90},[84,106631,425],{"class":102},[84,106633,106343],{"class":121},[84,106635,103],{"class":102},[84,106637,4634],{"class":121},[84,106639,110],{"class":102},[84,106641,106642],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,106643,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,106645,106646,106648,106650,106652],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,106647,116],{"class":98},[84,106649,103],{"class":102},[84,106651,2145],{"class":121},[84,106653,110],{"class":102},[84,106655,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,106657,116],{"class":98},[84,106659,103],{"class":102},[84,106661,334],{"class":139},[84,106663,103],{"class":102},[84,106665,2145],{"class":121},[84,106667,232],{"class":102},[24,106669,265],{},[75,106671,106673],{"className":77,"code":106672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106674,106675,106687],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106676,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106678,9157],{"class":102},[84,106680,568],{"class":106},[84,106682,282],{"class":102},[84,106684,309],{"class":106},[84,106686,9188],{"class":102},[84,106688,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,106690,380],{"class":94},[84,106692,384],{"class":383},[84,106694,388],{"class":387},[84,106696,6159],{"class":391},[84,106698,394],{"class":387},[84,106700,397],{"class":94},[24,106702,85674],{},[33,106704,106705,106708],{},[36,106706,106707],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[36,106709,106710],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[70,106712,11355],{"id":11354},[24,106714,106715],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[75,106717,106719],{"className":77,"code":106718,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106720,106721,106754,106787,106791,106812,106816],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106722,106723,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106724,106725],{"class":90},"colors1 ",[84,106727,95],{"class":94},[84,106729,10371],{"class":102},[84,106731,854],{"class":387},[84,106733,12976],{"class":391},[84,106735,854],{"class":387},[84,106737,282],{"class":102},[84,106739,3230],{"class":387},[84,106741,12993],{"class":391},[84,106743,854],{"class":387},[84,106745,282],{"class":102},[84,106747,3230],{"class":387},[84,106749,17338],{"class":391},[84,106751,854],{"class":387},[84,106753,9188],{"class":102},[84,106755,106756,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,106757,106758],{"class":90},"colors2 ",[84,106760,95],{"class":94},[84,106762,10371],{"class":102},[84,106764,854],{"class":387},[84,106766,17338],{"class":391},[84,106768,854],{"class":387},[84,106770,282],{"class":102},[84,106772,3230],{"class":387},[84,106774,22405],{"class":391},[84,106776,854],{"class":387},[84,106778,282],{"class":102},[84,106780,3230],{"class":387},[84,106782,12993],{"class":391},[84,106784,854],{"class":387},[84,106786,9188],{"class":102},[84,106788,106789],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,106790,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,106792,106793,106796,106798,106801,106803,106805,106807,106810],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,106794,106795],{"class":90},"common_colors ",[84,106797,95],{"class":94},[84,106799,106800],{"class":90}," colors1",[84,106802,425],{"class":102},[84,106804,106343],{"class":121},[84,106806,103],{"class":102},[84,106808,106809],{"class":121},"colors2",[84,106811,110],{"class":102},[84,106813,106814],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,106815,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,106817,106818,106820,106822,106825],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,106819,116],{"class":98},[84,106821,103],{"class":102},[84,106823,106824],{"class":121},"common_colors",[84,106826,110],{"class":102},[24,106828,265],{},[75,106830,106832],{"className":77,"code":106831,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106833,106834],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106835,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106837,9157],{"class":102},[84,106839,394],{"class":387},[84,106841,12993],{"class":391},[84,106843,394],{"class":387},[84,106845,282],{"class":102},[84,106847,388],{"class":387},[84,106849,17338],{"class":391},[84,106851,394],{"class":387},[84,106853,9188],{"class":102},[24,106855,11564],{},[33,106857,106858,106864,106868,106873],{},[36,106859,106860,106863],{},[15,106861,106862],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[36,106865,106866,106863],{},[15,106867,106809],{},[36,106869,106870,106872],{},[15,106871,102491],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[36,106874,106875,106876],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106877,106824],{},[70,106879,1442,106881,100858],{"id":106880},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106882,102491],{},[24,106884,106885,106886,425],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106887,102491],{},[24,106889,106890,106891,106893],{},"Only the values found in ",[42,106892,3590],{}," inputs will be kept.",[75,106895,106897],{"className":77,"code":106896,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106898,106899,106923,106947,106967,106971,106993],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106900,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106902,2436],{"class":90},[84,106904,95],{"class":94},[84,106906,10371],{"class":102},[84,106908,838],{"class":106},[84,106910,282],{"class":102},[84,106912,304],{"class":106},[84,106914,282],{"class":102},[84,106916,309],{"class":106},[84,106918,282],{"class":102},[84,106920,314],{"class":106},[84,106922,9188],{"class":102},[84,106924,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,106926,2463],{"class":90},[84,106928,95],{"class":94},[84,106930,10371],{"class":102},[84,106932,568],{"class":106},[84,106934,282],{"class":102},[84,106936,309],{"class":106},[84,106938,282],{"class":102},[84,106940,314],{"class":106},[84,106942,282],{"class":102},[84,106944,285],{"class":106},[84,106946,9188],{"class":102},[84,106948,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,106950,83048],{"class":90},[84,106952,95],{"class":94},[84,106954,10371],{"class":102},[84,106956,1162],{"class":106},[84,106958,282],{"class":102},[84,106960,314],{"class":106},[84,106962,282],{"class":102},[84,106964,843],{"class":106},[84,106966,9188],{"class":102},[84,106968,106969],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,106970,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,106972,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,106974,2110],{"class":90},[84,106976,95],{"class":94},[84,106978,56755],{"class":90},[84,106980,425],{"class":102},[84,106982,106343],{"class":121},[84,106984,103],{"class":102},[84,106986,4634],{"class":121},[84,106988,282],{"class":102},[84,106990,9561],{"class":121},[84,106992,110],{"class":102},[84,106994,106995,106997,106999,107001],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,106996,116],{"class":98},[84,106998,103],{"class":102},[84,107000,2145],{"class":121},[84,107002,110],{"class":102},[24,107004,265],{},[75,107006,107007],{"className":77,"code":106547,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,107008,107009],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107010,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107012,9157],{"class":102},[84,107014,1162],{"class":106},[84,107016,282],{"class":102},[84,107018,314],{"class":106},[84,107020,9188],{"class":102},[24,107022,107023],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[24,107025,107026],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[75,107028,107030],{"className":77,"code":107029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107031,107032,107056,107060,107100],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107033,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107035,2436],{"class":90},[84,107037,95],{"class":94},[84,107039,10371],{"class":102},[84,107041,838],{"class":106},[84,107043,282],{"class":102},[84,107045,304],{"class":106},[84,107047,282],{"class":102},[84,107049,309],{"class":106},[84,107051,282],{"class":102},[84,107053,314],{"class":106},[84,107055,9188],{"class":102},[84,107057,107058],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107059,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107061,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,107063,2110],{"class":90},[84,107065,95],{"class":94},[84,107067,56755],{"class":90},[84,107069,425],{"class":102},[84,107071,106343],{"class":121},[84,107073,2865],{"class":102},[84,107075,568],{"class":106},[84,107077,282],{"class":102},[84,107079,314],{"class":106},[84,107081,282],{"class":102},[84,107083,843],{"class":106},[84,107085,17945],{"class":102},[84,107087,9115],{"class":102},[84,107089,838],{"class":106},[84,107091,282],{"class":102},[84,107093,304],{"class":106},[84,107095,282],{"class":102},[84,107097,314],{"class":106},[84,107099,232],{"class":102},[84,107101,107102,107104,107106,107108],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,107103,116],{"class":98},[84,107105,103],{"class":102},[84,107107,2145],{"class":121},[84,107109,110],{"class":102},[24,107111,265],{},[75,107113,107115],{"className":77,"code":107114,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107116,107117],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107118,107119,107121,107123,107125,107127],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107120,9157],{"class":102},[84,107122,568],{"class":106},[84,107124,282],{"class":102},[84,107126,314],{"class":106},[84,107128,9188],{"class":102},[70,107130,107132,18,107134],{"id":107131},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107133,102491],{},[15,107135,107136],{},"intersection_update()",[24,107138,101028],{},[1667,107140,107141],{"id":106343},[15,107142,102491],{},[33,107144,107145,107147],{},[36,107146,101037],{},[36,107148,101040],{},[75,107150,107152],{"className":77,"code":107151,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107153,107154,107174,107194,107198,107216,107220,107230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107155,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107157,2436],{"class":90},[84,107159,95],{"class":94},[84,107161,10371],{"class":102},[84,107163,838],{"class":106},[84,107165,282],{"class":102},[84,107167,304],{"class":106},[84,107169,282],{"class":102},[84,107171,309],{"class":106},[84,107173,9188],{"class":102},[84,107175,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107177,2463],{"class":90},[84,107179,95],{"class":94},[84,107181,10371],{"class":102},[84,107183,568],{"class":106},[84,107185,282],{"class":102},[84,107187,309],{"class":106},[84,107189,282],{"class":102},[84,107191,314],{"class":106},[84,107193,9188],{"class":102},[84,107195,107196],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,107197,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107199,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,107201,2110],{"class":90},[84,107203,95],{"class":94},[84,107205,56755],{"class":90},[84,107207,425],{"class":102},[84,107209,106343],{"class":121},[84,107211,103],{"class":102},[84,107213,4634],{"class":121},[84,107215,110],{"class":102},[84,107217,107218],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,107219,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107221,107222,107224,107226,107228],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,107223,116],{"class":98},[84,107225,103],{"class":102},[84,107227,419],{"class":121},[84,107229,110],{"class":102},[84,107231,107232,107234,107236,107238],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,107233,116],{"class":98},[84,107235,103],{"class":102},[84,107237,2145],{"class":121},[84,107239,110],{"class":102},[24,107241,265],{},[75,107243,107245],{"className":77,"code":107244,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107246,107247,107263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107248,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107250,9157],{"class":102},[84,107252,838],{"class":106},[84,107254,282],{"class":102},[84,107256,304],{"class":106},[84,107258,282],{"class":102},[84,107260,309],{"class":106},[84,107262,9188],{"class":102},[84,107264,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107266,9157],{"class":102},[84,107268,568],{"class":106},[84,107270,282],{"class":102},[84,107272,309],{"class":106},[84,107274,9188],{"class":102},[1667,107276,107278],{"id":107277},"intersection_update",[15,107279,107136],{},[33,107281,107282,107284],{},[36,107283,101180],{},[36,107285,107286],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[75,107288,107290],{"className":77,"code":107289,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107291,107292,107312,107332,107336,107350,107354],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107293,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107295,2436],{"class":90},[84,107297,95],{"class":94},[84,107299,10371],{"class":102},[84,107301,838],{"class":106},[84,107303,282],{"class":102},[84,107305,304],{"class":106},[84,107307,282],{"class":102},[84,107309,309],{"class":106},[84,107311,9188],{"class":102},[84,107313,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107315,2463],{"class":90},[84,107317,95],{"class":94},[84,107319,10371],{"class":102},[84,107321,568],{"class":106},[84,107323,282],{"class":102},[84,107325,309],{"class":106},[84,107327,282],{"class":102},[84,107329,314],{"class":106},[84,107331,9188],{"class":102},[84,107333,107334],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,107335,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107337,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,107339,419],{"class":90},[84,107341,425],{"class":102},[84,107343,107277],{"class":121},[84,107345,103],{"class":102},[84,107347,4634],{"class":121},[84,107349,110],{"class":102},[84,107351,107352],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,107353,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107355,107356,107358,107360,107362],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,107357,116],{"class":98},[84,107359,103],{"class":102},[84,107361,419],{"class":121},[84,107363,110],{"class":102},[24,107365,265],{},[75,107367,107369],{"className":77,"code":107368,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107370,107371],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107374,9157],{"class":102},[84,107376,568],{"class":106},[84,107378,282],{"class":102},[84,107380,309],{"class":106},[84,107382,9188],{"class":102},[24,107384,107385,107386,107388],{},"Choose ",[15,107387,102491],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[70,107390,4393],{"id":4392},[24,107392,14617,107393,881],{},[15,107394,102491],{},[33,107396,107397,107400,107403,107406],{},[36,107398,107399],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[36,107401,107402],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[36,107404,107405],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[36,107407,107408,107409],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107410,102491],{},[24,107412,107413],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[33,107415,107416,107421,107424,107437],{},[36,107417,1442,107418,107420],{},[15,107419,102491],{}," when order matters",[36,107422,107423],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[36,107425,37076,107426,8582,107428,2759,107433],{},[15,107427,102491],{},[419,107429,107431],{"href":107430},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107432,102499],{},[419,107434,107435],{"href":102540},[15,107436,100114],{},[36,107438,107439],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[24,107441,30011],{},[75,107443,107445],{"className":77,"code":107444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107446,107447,107457,107471,107489],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107448,107449,107451,107453,107455],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107450,116],{"class":98},[84,107452,103],{"class":102},[84,107454,15548],{"class":121},[84,107456,110],{"class":102},[84,107458,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107460,116],{"class":98},[84,107462,103],{"class":102},[84,107464,334],{"class":139},[84,107466,103],{"class":102},[84,107468,2145],{"class":121},[84,107470,232],{"class":102},[84,107472,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,107474,116],{"class":98},[84,107476,103],{"class":102},[84,107478,100285],{"class":121},[84,107480,425],{"class":102},[84,107482,106343],{"class":121},[84,107484,103],{"class":102},[84,107486,100294],{"class":121},[84,107488,232],{"class":102},[84,107490,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,107492,116],{"class":98},[84,107494,103],{"class":102},[84,107496,602],{"class":98},[84,107498,103],{"class":102},[84,107500,2145],{"class":121},[84,107502,232],{"class":102},[24,107504,190],{},[75,107506,107508],{"className":77,"code":107507,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107509,107510,107534,107554,107558,107576,107580,107590,107600,107614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107511,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107513,91],{"class":90},[84,107515,95],{"class":94},[84,107517,10371],{"class":102},[84,107519,838],{"class":106},[84,107521,282],{"class":102},[84,107523,304],{"class":106},[84,107525,282],{"class":102},[84,107527,304],{"class":106},[84,107529,282],{"class":102},[84,107531,309],{"class":106},[84,107533,9188],{"class":102},[84,107535,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107537,43421],{"class":90},[84,107539,95],{"class":94},[84,107541,10371],{"class":102},[84,107543,568],{"class":106},[84,107545,282],{"class":102},[84,107547,309],{"class":106},[84,107549,282],{"class":102},[84,107551,314],{"class":106},[84,107553,9188],{"class":102},[84,107555,107556],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,107557,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,107561,2110],{"class":90},[84,107563,95],{"class":94},[84,107565,4137],{"class":90},[84,107567,425],{"class":102},[84,107569,106343],{"class":121},[84,107571,103],{"class":102},[84,107573,30619],{"class":121},[84,107575,110],{"class":102},[84,107577,107578],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,107579,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107581,107582,107584,107586,107588],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,107583,116],{"class":98},[84,107585,103],{"class":102},[84,107587,122],{"class":121},[84,107589,110],{"class":102},[84,107591,107592,107594,107596,107598],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,107593,116],{"class":98},[84,107595,103],{"class":102},[84,107597,2145],{"class":121},[84,107599,110],{"class":102},[84,107601,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,107603,116],{"class":98},[84,107605,103],{"class":102},[84,107607,334],{"class":139},[84,107609,103],{"class":102},[84,107611,2145],{"class":121},[84,107613,232],{"class":102},[84,107615,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624,107626],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,107617,116],{"class":98},[84,107619,103],{"class":102},[84,107621,602],{"class":98},[84,107623,103],{"class":102},[84,107625,2145],{"class":121},[84,107627,232],{"class":102},[24,107629,265],{},[75,107631,107633],{"className":77,"code":107632,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107634,107635,107651,107663,107677],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107636,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107638,9157],{"class":102},[84,107640,838],{"class":106},[84,107642,282],{"class":102},[84,107644,304],{"class":106},[84,107646,282],{"class":102},[84,107648,309],{"class":106},[84,107650,9188],{"class":102},[84,107652,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107654,9157],{"class":102},[84,107656,568],{"class":106},[84,107658,282],{"class":102},[84,107660,309],{"class":106},[84,107662,9188],{"class":102},[84,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,107666,380],{"class":94},[84,107668,384],{"class":383},[84,107670,388],{"class":387},[84,107672,6159],{"class":391},[84,107674,394],{"class":387},[84,107676,397],{"class":94},[84,107678,107679],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,107680,519],{"class":106},[24,107682,107683,107684,107686],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107685,568],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[70,107688,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,107690,12586,107692,102439],{"id":107691},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107693,102491],{},[24,107695,102442],{},[1667,107697,5043,107699,107701],{"id":107698},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107700,102491],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[24,107703,107704],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1667,107706,107708],{"id":107707},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[24,107710,107711],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1667,107713,107715],{"id":107714},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[24,107717,107718],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[75,107720,107721],{"className":77,"code":97158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,107722,107723],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107724,107725,107727],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107726,6159],{"class":139},[84,107728,8520],{"class":102},[70,107730,1777],{"id":1776},[33,107732,107733,107737,107744,107750],{},[36,107734,107735],{},[419,107736,96028],{"href":96027},[36,107738,107739],{},[419,107740,13,107741,10620],{"href":107430},[15,107742,107743],{},"set.union()",[36,107745,107746],{},[419,107747,13,107748,10620],{"href":102540},[15,107749,100119],{},[36,107751,107752],{},[419,107753,100044],{"href":105043},[1814,107755,107756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":107758},[107759,107761,107762,107763,107764,107766,107771,107772,107780],{"id":106372,"depth":113,"text":107760},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":106880,"depth":113,"text":107765},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107131,"depth":113,"text":107767,"children":107768},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107769,107770],{"id":106343,"depth":132,"text":102491},{"id":107277,"depth":132,"text":107136},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":107773},[107774,107776,107778,107779],{"id":107691,"depth":132,"text":107775},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107698,"depth":132,"text":107777},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107707,"depth":132,"text":107708},{"id":107714,"depth":132,"text":107715},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106265,"description":107781},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107788,"title":107789,"body":107790,"description":109026,"extension":1845,"meta":109027,"navigation":237,"path":109028,"seo":109029,"stem":109030,"__hash__":109031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107791,"toc":108993},[107792,107797,107803,107812,107814,107889,107894,107909,107919,107924,107928,107941,107945,107947,107962,107964,107980,107982,108057,108061,108064,108066,108083,108088,108143,108148,108160,108164,108167,108268,108270,108311,108314,108318,108325,108327,108352,108355,108373,108380,108386,108389,108471,108478,108481,108561,108570,108573,108578,108582,108596,108645,108650,108654,108665,108714,108725,108730,108734,108746,108795,108806,108808,108812,108835,108837,108894,108896,108910,108912,108918,108924,108930,108939,108943,108950,108954,108962,108964,108990],[10,107793,95900,107795,11201],{"id":107794},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107796,12645],{},[24,107798,107799,107802],{},[15,107800,107801],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[24,107804,107805,107806,107808,107809,107811],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[42,107807,1367],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107810,12645],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[70,107813,1887],{"id":1886},[75,107815,107817],{"className":77,"code":107816,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107818,107819,107851,107865,107869,107879],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107820,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107822,7656],{"class":90},[84,107824,95],{"class":94},[84,107826,10371],{"class":102},[84,107828,854],{"class":387},[84,107830,3952],{"class":391},[84,107832,854],{"class":387},[84,107834,282],{"class":102},[84,107836,3230],{"class":387},[84,107838,3961],{"class":391},[84,107840,854],{"class":387},[84,107842,282],{"class":102},[84,107844,3230],{"class":387},[84,107846,3970],{"class":391},[84,107848,854],{"class":387},[84,107850,9188],{"class":102},[84,107852,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,107854,69797],{"class":90},[84,107856,95],{"class":94},[84,107858,5839],{"class":90},[84,107860,425],{"class":102},[84,107862,26117],{"class":121},[84,107864,8520],{"class":102},[84,107866,107867],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,107868,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,107870,107871,107873,107875,107877],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,107872,116],{"class":98},[84,107874,103],{"class":102},[84,107876,69820],{"class":121},[84,107878,110],{"class":102},[84,107880,107881,107883,107885,107887],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,107882,116],{"class":98},[84,107884,103],{"class":102},[84,107886,7687],{"class":121},[84,107888,110],{"class":102},[24,107890,107891],{},[42,107892,107893],{},"What this does:",[33,107895,107896,107901,107906],{},[36,107897,107898,107899],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107900,7687],{},[36,107902,107903,107904],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107905,69820],{},[36,107907,107908],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[24,107910,107911,88825,107913,107915,107916,107918],{},[42,107912,83683],{},[15,107914,107801],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[42,107917,1367],{}," chosen by index.",[70,107920,429,107922,3554],{"id":107921},"what-setpop-does",[15,107923,107801],{},[24,107925,107926,881],{},[15,107927,107801],{},[33,107929,107930,107932,107935,107938],{},[36,107931,102742],{},[36,107933,107934],{},"Returns the removed item",[36,107936,107937],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[36,107939,107940],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[24,107942,96024,107943,425],{},[419,107944,96028],{"href":97199},[70,107946,2038],{"id":2037},[75,107948,107950],{"className":77,"code":107949,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107951,107952],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107953,107954,107956,107958,107960],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107955,15548],{"class":90},[84,107957,425],{"class":102},[84,107959,26117],{"class":121},[84,107961,8520],{"class":102},[24,107963,12935],{},[33,107965,107966,107972,107977],{},[36,107967,107968,107969],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107970,107971],{},"my_set.pop()",[36,107973,107974,107975],{},"It takes ",[42,107976,28565],{},[36,107978,107979],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[24,107981,190],{},[75,107983,107985],{"className":77,"code":107984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107986,107987,108019,108033,108037,108047],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107988,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107990,12959],{"class":90},[84,107992,95],{"class":94},[84,107994,10371],{"class":102},[84,107996,854],{"class":387},[84,107998,12976],{"class":391},[84,108000,854],{"class":387},[84,108002,282],{"class":102},[84,108004,3230],{"class":387},[84,108006,12993],{"class":391},[84,108008,854],{"class":387},[84,108010,282],{"class":102},[84,108012,3230],{"class":387},[84,108014,17338],{"class":391},[84,108016,854],{"class":387},[84,108018,9188],{"class":102},[84,108020,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108022,28415],{"class":90},[84,108024,95],{"class":94},[84,108026,13007],{"class":90},[84,108028,425],{"class":102},[84,108030,26117],{"class":121},[84,108032,8520],{"class":102},[84,108034,108035],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108036,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,108038,108039,108041,108043,108045],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,108040,116],{"class":98},[84,108042,103],{"class":102},[84,108044,23191],{"class":121},[84,108046,110],{"class":102},[84,108048,108049,108051,108053,108055],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,108050,116],{"class":98},[84,108052,103],{"class":102},[84,108054,17385],{"class":121},[84,108056,110],{"class":102},[70,108058,108060],{"id":108059},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[24,108062,108063],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[24,108065,1074],{},[33,108067,108068,108074,108077],{},[36,108069,108070,108071,108073],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108072,12645],{}," removes",[36,108075,108076],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[36,108078,108079,108080,108082],{},"You should not use ",[15,108081,12645],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[24,108084,10341,108085,108087],{},[42,108086,1367],{}," valid:",[75,108089,108091],{"className":77,"code":108090,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108092,108093,108125],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108094,108095,108097,108099,108101,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108096,36113],{"class":90},[84,108098,95],{"class":94},[84,108100,10371],{"class":102},[84,108102,854],{"class":387},[84,108104,3952],{"class":391},[84,108106,854],{"class":387},[84,108108,282],{"class":102},[84,108110,3230],{"class":387},[84,108112,3961],{"class":391},[84,108114,854],{"class":387},[84,108116,282],{"class":102},[84,108118,3230],{"class":387},[84,108120,3970],{"class":391},[84,108122,854],{"class":387},[84,108124,9188],{"class":102},[84,108126,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137,108139,108141],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108128,36165],{"class":90},[84,108130,425],{"class":102},[84,108132,26117],{"class":121},[84,108134,103],{"class":102},[84,108136,854],{"class":387},[84,108138,3952],{"class":391},[84,108140,854],{"class":387},[84,108142,110],{"class":102},[24,108144,39524,108145,108147],{},[15,108146,107801],{}," does not accept a value.",[24,108149,108150,108151,2759,108155,425],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[419,108152,108153],{"href":97909},[15,108154,102568],{},[419,108156,108158],{"href":108157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108159,102559],{},[70,108161,108163],{"id":108162},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[24,108165,108166],{},"Here is a simple example:",[75,108168,108170],{"className":77,"code":108169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108171,108172,108206,108210,108226,108230,108249],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108173,108174,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199,108202,108204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108175,108176],{"class":90},"animals ",[84,108178,95],{"class":94},[84,108180,10371],{"class":102},[84,108182,854],{"class":387},[84,108184,36919],{"class":391},[84,108186,854],{"class":387},[84,108188,282],{"class":102},[84,108190,3230],{"class":387},[84,108192,57995],{"class":391},[84,108194,854],{"class":387},[84,108196,282],{"class":102},[84,108198,3230],{"class":387},[84,108200,108201],{"class":391},"rabbit",[84,108203,854],{"class":387},[84,108205,9188],{"class":102},[84,108207,108208],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108209,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,108211,108212,108215,108217,108220,108222,108224],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108213,108214],{"class":90},"removed_animal ",[84,108216,95],{"class":94},[84,108218,108219],{"class":90}," animals",[84,108221,425],{"class":102},[84,108223,26117],{"class":121},[84,108225,8520],{"class":102},[84,108227,108228],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,108229,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,108231,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242,108244,108247],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,108233,116],{"class":98},[84,108235,103],{"class":102},[84,108237,854],{"class":387},[84,108239,28833],{"class":391},[84,108241,854],{"class":387},[84,108243,282],{"class":102},[84,108245,108246],{"class":121}," removed_animal",[84,108248,110],{"class":102},[84,108250,108251,108253,108255,108257,108260,108262,108264,108266],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,108252,116],{"class":98},[84,108254,103],{"class":102},[84,108256,854],{"class":387},[84,108258,108259],{"class":391},"Updated set:",[84,108261,854],{"class":387},[84,108263,282],{"class":102},[84,108265,108219],{"class":121},[84,108267,110],{"class":102},[24,108269,29905],{},[75,108271,108273],{"className":77,"code":108272,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108274,108275,108284],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108276,108277,108279,108281],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108278,28875],{"class":90},[84,108280,881],{"class":102},[84,108282,108283],{"class":90}," dog\n",[84,108285,108286,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108287,108288],{"class":90},"Updated ",[84,108290,6159],{"class":139},[84,108292,881],{"class":102},[84,108294,10371],{"class":102},[84,108296,394],{"class":387},[84,108298,36919],{"class":391},[84,108300,394],{"class":387},[84,108302,282],{"class":102},[84,108304,388],{"class":387},[84,108306,108201],{"class":391},[84,108308,394],{"class":387},[84,108310,9188],{"class":102},[24,108312,108313],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[70,108315,108317],{"id":108316},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[24,108319,29526,108320,108322,108323,425],{},[15,108321,12645],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108324,19571],{},[24,108326,190],{},[75,108328,108330],{"className":77,"code":108329,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108331,108332,108342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108333,108334,108336,108338,108340],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108335,7656],{"class":90},[84,108337,95],{"class":94},[84,108339,15515],{"class":139},[84,108341,8520],{"class":102},[84,108343,108344,108346,108348,108350],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108345,7687],{"class":90},[84,108347,425],{"class":102},[84,108349,26117],{"class":121},[84,108351,8520],{"class":102},[24,108353,108354],{},"This raises:",[75,108356,108358],{"className":77,"code":108357,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108359,108360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108361,108362,108364,108366,108368,108371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108363,19571],{"class":139},[84,108365,881],{"class":102},[84,108367,388],{"class":387},[84,108369,108370],{"class":391},"pop from an empty set",[84,108372,1257],{"class":387},[24,108374,108375,108376,108379],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[419,108377,108378],{"href":10954},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1667,108381,108383,108384],{"id":108382},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108385,12645],{},[24,108387,108388],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[75,108390,108392],{"className":77,"code":108391,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108393,108394,108404,108408,108416,108431,108450,108456],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108395,108396,108398,108400,108402],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108397,7656],{"class":90},[84,108399,95],{"class":94},[84,108401,15515],{"class":139},[84,108403,8520],{"class":102},[84,108405,108406],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108407,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,108409,108410,108412,108414],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108411,6872],{"class":470},[84,108413,5839],{"class":90},[84,108415,6266],{"class":102},[84,108417,108418,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,108419,108420],{"class":90},"    removed ",[84,108422,95],{"class":94},[84,108424,5839],{"class":90},[84,108426,425],{"class":102},[84,108428,26117],{"class":121},[84,108430,8520],{"class":102},[84,108432,108433,108435,108437,108439,108441,108443,108445,108448],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,108434,490],{"class":98},[84,108436,103],{"class":102},[84,108438,854],{"class":387},[84,108440,28833],{"class":391},[84,108442,854],{"class":387},[84,108444,282],{"class":102},[84,108446,108447],{"class":121}," removed",[84,108449,110],{"class":102},[84,108451,108452,108454],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,108453,27310],{"class":470},[84,108455,6266],{"class":102},[84,108457,108458,108460,108462,108464,108467,108469],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,108459,490],{"class":98},[84,108461,103],{"class":102},[84,108463,854],{"class":387},[84,108465,108466],{"class":391},"The set is empty.",[84,108468,854],{"class":387},[84,108470,110],{"class":102},[1667,108472,153,108474,28,108476],{"id":108473},"use-try-and-except",[15,108475,29679],{},[15,108477,29710],{},[24,108479,108480],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[75,108482,108484],{"className":77,"code":108483,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108485,108486,108496,108500,108506,108520,108538,108546],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108487,108488,108490,108492,108494],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108489,7656],{"class":90},[84,108491,95],{"class":94},[84,108493,15515],{"class":139},[84,108495,8520],{"class":102},[84,108497,108498],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108499,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,108501,108502,108504],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108503,29679],{"class":470},[84,108505,6266],{"class":102},[84,108507,108508,108510,108512,108514,108516,108518],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,108509,108420],{"class":90},[84,108511,95],{"class":94},[84,108513,5839],{"class":90},[84,108515,425],{"class":102},[84,108517,26117],{"class":121},[84,108519,8520],{"class":102},[84,108521,108522,108524,108526,108528,108530,108532,108534,108536],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,108523,490],{"class":98},[84,108525,103],{"class":102},[84,108527,854],{"class":387},[84,108529,28833],{"class":391},[84,108531,854],{"class":387},[84,108533,282],{"class":102},[84,108535,108447],{"class":121},[84,108537,110],{"class":102},[84,108539,108540,108542,108544],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,108541,29710],{"class":470},[84,108543,29713],{"class":139},[84,108545,6266],{"class":102},[84,108547,108548,108550,108552,108554,108557,108559],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,108549,490],{"class":98},[84,108551,103],{"class":102},[84,108553,854],{"class":387},[84,108555,108556],{"class":391},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[84,108558,854],{"class":387},[84,108560,110],{"class":102},[70,108562,792,108564,18,108566,18,108568],{"id":108563},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108565,12645],{},[15,108567,1266],{},[15,108569,102554],{},[24,108571,108572],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1667,108574,153,108576],{"id":108575},"use-pop",[15,108577,12645],{},[24,108579,153,108580,799],{},[15,108581,12645],{},[33,108583,108584,108590,108593],{},[36,108585,108586,108587],{},"You want to remove ",[42,108588,108589],{},"any one item",[36,108591,108592],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[36,108594,108595],{},"You want the removed item returned",[75,108597,108599],{"className":77,"code":108598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108600,108601,108621,108635],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108602,108603,108605,108607,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108604,91],{"class":90},[84,108606,95],{"class":94},[84,108608,10371],{"class":102},[84,108610,838],{"class":106},[84,108612,282],{"class":102},[84,108614,304],{"class":106},[84,108616,282],{"class":102},[84,108618,309],{"class":106},[84,108620,9188],{"class":102},[84,108622,108623,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108624,2329],{"class":90},[84,108626,95],{"class":94},[84,108628,4137],{"class":90},[84,108630,425],{"class":102},[84,108632,26117],{"class":121},[84,108634,8520],{"class":102},[84,108636,108637,108639,108641,108643],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108638,116],{"class":98},[84,108640,103],{"class":102},[84,108642,2354],{"class":121},[84,108644,110],{"class":102},[1667,108646,153,108648],{"id":108647},"use-remove",[15,108649,1266],{},[24,108651,153,108652,799],{},[15,108653,1266],{},[33,108655,108656,108662],{},[36,108657,108658,108659],{},"You want to delete a ",[42,108660,108661],{},"specific item",[36,108663,108664],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[75,108666,108668],{"className":77,"code":108667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108669,108670,108690,108704],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108671,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686,108688],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108673,91],{"class":90},[84,108675,95],{"class":94},[84,108677,10371],{"class":102},[84,108679,838],{"class":106},[84,108681,282],{"class":102},[84,108683,304],{"class":106},[84,108685,282],{"class":102},[84,108687,309],{"class":106},[84,108689,9188],{"class":102},[84,108691,108692,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108693,122],{"class":90},[84,108695,425],{"class":102},[84,108697,34672],{"class":121},[84,108699,103],{"class":102},[84,108701,568],{"class":106},[84,108703,110],{"class":102},[84,108705,108706,108708,108710,108712],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108707,116],{"class":98},[84,108709,103],{"class":102},[84,108711,122],{"class":121},[84,108713,110],{"class":102},[24,108715,108716,108717,108719,108720,108724],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108718,1266],{}," raises an error. See the ",[419,108721,108722,10620],{"href":97909},[15,108723,102568],{}," for details.",[1667,108726,153,108728],{"id":108727},"use-discard",[15,108729,102554],{},[24,108731,153,108732,799],{},[15,108733,102554],{},[33,108735,108736,108740],{},[36,108737,108658,108738],{},[42,108739,108661],{},[36,108741,108742,108743,108745],{},"You do ",[42,108744,1367],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[75,108747,108749],{"className":77,"code":108748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108750,108751,108771,108785],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108752,108753,108755,108757,108759,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108754,91],{"class":90},[84,108756,95],{"class":94},[84,108758,10371],{"class":102},[84,108760,838],{"class":106},[84,108762,282],{"class":102},[84,108764,304],{"class":106},[84,108766,282],{"class":102},[84,108768,309],{"class":106},[84,108770,9188],{"class":102},[84,108772,108773,108775,108777,108779,108781,108783],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108774,122],{"class":90},[84,108776,425],{"class":102},[84,108778,102621],{"class":121},[84,108780,103],{"class":102},[84,108782,107],{"class":106},[84,108784,110],{"class":102},[84,108786,108787,108789,108791,108793],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108788,116],{"class":98},[84,108790,103],{"class":102},[84,108792,122],{"class":121},[84,108794,110],{"class":102},[24,108796,108797,108798,108800,108801,108805],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108799,107],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[419,108802,108803,10620],{"href":108157},[15,108804,102559],{}," for more examples.",[70,108807,1434],{"id":1433},[24,108809,71343,108810,881],{},[15,108811,107801],{},[33,108813,108814,108820,108825,108830],{},[36,108815,108816,108817],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108818,108819],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[36,108821,8329,108822,108824],{},[15,108823,12645],{}," to remove the first or last item",[36,108826,29526,108827,108829],{},[15,108828,12645],{}," on an empty set",[36,108831,1442,108832,108834],{},[15,108833,12645],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[24,108836,62160],{},[75,108838,108840],{"className":77,"code":108839,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108841,108842,108852,108866,108880],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108843,108844,108846,108848,108850],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108845,116],{"class":98},[84,108847,103],{"class":102},[84,108849,15548],{"class":121},[84,108851,110],{"class":102},[84,108853,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,108855,116],{"class":98},[84,108857,103],{"class":102},[84,108859,602],{"class":98},[84,108861,103],{"class":102},[84,108863,15548],{"class":121},[84,108865,232],{"class":102},[84,108867,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,108869,116],{"class":98},[84,108871,103],{"class":102},[84,108873,334],{"class":139},[84,108875,103],{"class":102},[84,108877,15548],{"class":121},[84,108879,232],{"class":102},[84,108881,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,108883,28415],{"class":90},[84,108885,95],{"class":94},[84,108887,96624],{"class":90},[84,108889,425],{"class":102},[84,108891,26117],{"class":121},[84,108893,8520],{"class":102},[24,108895,25885],{},[33,108897,108898,108901,108904,108907],{},[36,108899,108900],{},"What values are in the set",[36,108902,108903],{},"Whether the set is empty",[36,108905,108906],{},"That the object is really a set",[36,108908,108909],{},"What value was actually removed",[70,108911,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,108913,12586,108915,108917],{"id":108914},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108916,107801],{}," remove the first item?",[24,108919,108920,108921,108923],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108922,12645],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1667,108925,108927,108928,1689],{"id":108926},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108929,107801],{},[24,108931,108932,108933,108935,108936,108938],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108934,12645],{},", set ",[15,108937,12645],{}," does not accept an index.",[1667,108940,108942],{"id":108941},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[24,108944,71512,108945,44502,108947,108949],{},[15,108946,19571],{},[15,108948,12645],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1667,108951,108953],{"id":108952},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[24,108955,153,108956,2759,108958,1686,108960,425],{},[15,108957,1266],{},[15,108959,102554],{},[15,108961,12645],{},[70,108963,1777],{"id":1776},[33,108965,108966,108970,108976,108982,108986],{},[36,108967,108968],{},[419,108969,96028],{"href":97199},[36,108971,108972],{},[419,108973,96514,108974,10620],{"href":97909},[15,108975,1266],{},[36,108977,108978],{},[419,108979,96514,108980,10620],{"href":108157},[15,108981,102554],{},[36,108983,108984],{},[419,108985,11141],{"href":10954},[36,108987,108988],{},[419,108989,55383],{"href":54935},[1814,108991,108992],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":108994},[108995,108996,108998,108999,109000,109001,109007,109016,109017,109025],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":107921,"depth":113,"text":108997},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":108059,"depth":113,"text":108060},{"id":108162,"depth":113,"text":108163},{"id":108316,"depth":113,"text":108317,"children":109002},[109003,109005],{"id":108382,"depth":132,"text":109004},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108473,"depth":132,"text":109006},"Use try and except",{"id":108563,"depth":113,"text":109008,"children":109009},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109010,109012,109014],{"id":108575,"depth":132,"text":109011},"Use pop()",{"id":108647,"depth":132,"text":109013},"Use remove()",{"id":108727,"depth":132,"text":109015},"Use discard()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":109018},[109019,109021,109023,109024],{"id":108914,"depth":132,"text":109020},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108926,"depth":132,"text":109022},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108941,"depth":132,"text":108942},{"id":108952,"depth":132,"text":108953},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107789,"description":109026},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109033,"title":109034,"body":109035,"description":110189,"extension":1845,"meta":110190,"navigation":237,"path":110191,"seo":110192,"stem":110193,"__hash__":110194},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109036,"toc":110157},[109037,109042,109047,109056,109058,109123,109127,109151,109158,109163,109167,109182,109185,109187,109206,109220,109223,109271,109275,109291,109293,109366,109370,109395,109401,109409,109413,109420,109475,109480,109497,109503,109509,109514,109522,109529,109533,109541,109596,109598,109615,109619,109626,109691,109695,109728,109730,109742,109749,109751,109756,109763,109765,109834,109838,109846,109848,109912,109916,109921,109968,109973,110041,110049,110056,110059,110065,110070,110074,110076,110079,110081,110086,110091,110097,110102,110109,110117,110123,110126,110128,110154],[10,109038,95900,109040,11201],{"id":109039},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109041,1266],{},[24,109043,109044,109046],{},[15,109045,102568],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[24,109048,109049,109050,109053,109054,425],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[42,109051,109052],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109055,19571],{},[70,109057,1887],{"id":1886},[75,109059,109061],{"className":77,"code":109060,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109062,109063,109095,109113],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109064,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091,109093],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109066,12959],{"class":90},[84,109068,95],{"class":94},[84,109070,10371],{"class":102},[84,109072,854],{"class":387},[84,109074,12976],{"class":391},[84,109076,854],{"class":387},[84,109078,282],{"class":102},[84,109080,3230],{"class":387},[84,109082,12993],{"class":391},[84,109084,854],{"class":387},[84,109086,282],{"class":102},[84,109088,3230],{"class":387},[84,109090,17338],{"class":391},[84,109092,854],{"class":387},[84,109094,9188],{"class":102},[84,109096,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109,109111],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109098,17385],{"class":90},[84,109100,425],{"class":102},[84,109102,34672],{"class":121},[84,109104,103],{"class":102},[84,109106,854],{"class":387},[84,109108,12993],{"class":391},[84,109110,854],{"class":387},[84,109112,110],{"class":102},[84,109114,109115,109117,109119,109121],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,109116,116],{"class":98},[84,109118,103],{"class":102},[84,109120,17385],{"class":121},[84,109122,110],{"class":102},[24,109124,109125],{},[42,109126,29905],{},[75,109128,109129],{"className":77,"code":103248,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,109130,109131],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109132,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109134,9157],{"class":102},[84,109136,394],{"class":387},[84,109138,12976],{"class":391},[84,109140,394],{"class":387},[84,109142,282],{"class":102},[84,109144,388],{"class":387},[84,109146,17338],{"class":391},[84,109148,394],{"class":387},[84,109150,9188],{"class":102},[24,109152,153,109153,109155,109156,425],{},[15,109154,1266],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109157,19571],{},[70,109159,429,109161,3554],{"id":109160},"what-setremove-does",[15,109162,102568],{},[24,109164,109165,881],{},[15,109166,102568],{},[33,109168,109169,109172,109174,109176],{},[36,109170,109171],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[36,109173,96015],{},[36,109175,96018],{},[36,109177,109178,109179,109181],{},"Raises ",[15,109180,19571],{}," if the value is missing",[24,109183,109184],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[70,109186,2038],{"id":2037},[75,109188,109190],{"className":77,"code":109189,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109191,109192],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109193,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109195,15548],{"class":90},[84,109197,425],{"class":102},[84,109199,34672],{"class":121},[84,109201,103],{"class":102},[84,109203,2354],{"class":121},[84,109205,110],{"class":102},[33,109207,109208,109212,109217],{},[36,109209,109210,102790],{},[15,109211,15548],{},[36,109213,109214,109216],{},[15,109215,2354],{}," is the item to remove",[36,109218,109219],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[24,109221,109222],{},"Here is a small example:",[75,109224,109225],{"className":77,"code":108667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,109226,109227,109247,109261],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109228,109229,109231,109233,109235,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109230,91],{"class":90},[84,109232,95],{"class":94},[84,109234,10371],{"class":102},[84,109236,838],{"class":106},[84,109238,282],{"class":102},[84,109240,304],{"class":106},[84,109242,282],{"class":102},[84,109244,309],{"class":106},[84,109246,9188],{"class":102},[84,109248,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109250,122],{"class":90},[84,109252,425],{"class":102},[84,109254,34672],{"class":121},[84,109256,103],{"class":102},[84,109258,568],{"class":106},[84,109260,110],{"class":102},[84,109262,109263,109265,109267,109269],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,109264,116],{"class":98},[84,109266,103],{"class":102},[84,109268,122],{"class":121},[84,109270,110],{"class":102},[24,109272,109273],{},[42,109274,29905],{},[75,109276,109277],{"className":77,"code":100998,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,109278,109279],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109280,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109282,9157],{"class":102},[84,109284,838],{"class":106},[84,109286,282],{"class":102},[84,109288,309],{"class":106},[84,109290,9188],{"class":102},[70,109292,11355],{"id":11354},[75,109294,109296],{"className":77,"code":109295,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109297,109298,109330,109334,109352,109356],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109299,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314,109316,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109301,36113],{"class":90},[84,109303,95],{"class":94},[84,109305,10371],{"class":102},[84,109307,854],{"class":387},[84,109309,3952],{"class":391},[84,109311,854],{"class":387},[84,109313,282],{"class":102},[84,109315,3230],{"class":387},[84,109317,3961],{"class":391},[84,109319,854],{"class":387},[84,109321,282],{"class":102},[84,109323,3230],{"class":387},[84,109325,33098],{"class":391},[84,109327,854],{"class":387},[84,109329,9188],{"class":102},[84,109331,109332],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109333,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,109335,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346,109348,109350],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,109337,36165],{"class":90},[84,109339,425],{"class":102},[84,109341,34672],{"class":121},[84,109343,103],{"class":102},[84,109345,854],{"class":387},[84,109347,3961],{"class":391},[84,109349,854],{"class":387},[84,109351,110],{"class":102},[84,109353,109354],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,109355,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,109357,109358,109360,109362,109364],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,109359,116],{"class":98},[84,109361,103],{"class":102},[84,109363,36165],{"class":121},[84,109365,110],{"class":102},[24,109367,109368],{},[42,109369,29905],{},[75,109371,109373],{"className":77,"code":109372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109374,109375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109376,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109378,9157],{"class":102},[84,109380,394],{"class":387},[84,109382,3952],{"class":391},[84,109384,394],{"class":387},[84,109386,282],{"class":102},[84,109388,388],{"class":387},[84,109390,33098],{"class":391},[84,109392,394],{"class":387},[84,109394,9188],{"class":102},[24,109396,109397,109398,109400],{},"This removes ",[15,109399,65138],{}," from the set.",[24,109402,109403,109404,109406,109407,425],{},"A set does ",[42,109405,1367],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[419,109408,96032],{"href":97583},[70,109410,109412],{"id":109411},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[24,109414,109415,109416,52364,109418,425],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109417,1266],{},[15,109419,19571],{},[75,109421,109423],{"className":77,"code":109422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109424,109425,109457],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109426,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437,109439,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109428,12959],{"class":90},[84,109430,95],{"class":94},[84,109432,10371],{"class":102},[84,109434,854],{"class":387},[84,109436,12976],{"class":391},[84,109438,854],{"class":387},[84,109440,282],{"class":102},[84,109442,3230],{"class":387},[84,109444,12993],{"class":391},[84,109446,854],{"class":387},[84,109448,282],{"class":102},[84,109450,3230],{"class":387},[84,109452,17338],{"class":391},[84,109454,854],{"class":387},[84,109456,9188],{"class":102},[84,109458,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109460,17385],{"class":90},[84,109462,425],{"class":102},[84,109464,34672],{"class":121},[84,109466,103],{"class":102},[84,109468,854],{"class":387},[84,109470,22405],{"class":391},[84,109472,854],{"class":387},[84,109474,110],{"class":102},[24,109476,109477],{},[42,109478,109479],{},"Result:",[75,109481,109483],{"className":77,"code":109482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109484,109485],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109486,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109488,19571],{"class":139},[84,109490,881],{"class":102},[84,109492,388],{"class":387},[84,109494,22405],{"class":391},[84,109496,1257],{"class":387},[24,109498,22070,109499,109502],{},[15,109500,109501],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[24,109504,109505,109506,109508],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109507,1266],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[24,109510,109511,109512,425],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[419,109513,11141],{"href":10954},[70,109515,4072,109517,109519,109520],{"id":109516},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109518,1266],{}," is different from ",[15,109521,102554],{},[24,109523,109524,28,109526,109528],{},[15,109525,1266],{},[15,109527,102554],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1667,109530,109531],{"id":34672},[15,109532,1266],{},[33,109534,109535,109538],{},[36,109536,109537],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[36,109539,109540],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[75,109542,109544],{"className":77,"code":109543,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109545,109546,109578],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109547,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109549,35967],{"class":90},[84,109551,95],{"class":94},[84,109553,10371],{"class":102},[84,109555,854],{"class":387},[84,109557,419],{"class":391},[84,109559,854],{"class":387},[84,109561,282],{"class":102},[84,109563,3230],{"class":387},[84,109565,4634],{"class":391},[84,109567,854],{"class":387},[84,109569,282],{"class":102},[84,109571,3230],{"class":387},[84,109573,9619],{"class":391},[84,109575,854],{"class":387},[84,109577,9188],{"class":102},[84,109579,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109581,36019],{"class":90},[84,109583,425],{"class":102},[84,109585,34672],{"class":121},[84,109587,103],{"class":102},[84,109589,854],{"class":387},[84,109591,18651],{"class":391},[84,109593,854],{"class":387},[84,109595,110],{"class":102},[24,109597,108354],{},[75,109599,109601],{"className":77,"code":109600,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109602,109603],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109604,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109606,19571],{"class":139},[84,109608,881],{"class":102},[84,109610,388],{"class":387},[84,109612,18651],{"class":391},[84,109614,1257],{"class":387},[1667,109616,109617],{"id":102621},[15,109618,102554],{},[33,109620,109621,109623],{},[36,109622,109537],{},[36,109624,109625],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[75,109627,109629],{"className":77,"code":109628,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109630,109631,109663,109681],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109632,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109634,35967],{"class":90},[84,109636,95],{"class":94},[84,109638,10371],{"class":102},[84,109640,854],{"class":387},[84,109642,419],{"class":391},[84,109644,854],{"class":387},[84,109646,282],{"class":102},[84,109648,3230],{"class":387},[84,109650,4634],{"class":391},[84,109652,854],{"class":387},[84,109654,282],{"class":102},[84,109656,3230],{"class":387},[84,109658,9619],{"class":391},[84,109660,854],{"class":387},[84,109662,9188],{"class":102},[84,109664,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109666,36019],{"class":90},[84,109668,425],{"class":102},[84,109670,102621],{"class":121},[84,109672,103],{"class":102},[84,109674,854],{"class":387},[84,109676,18651],{"class":391},[84,109678,854],{"class":387},[84,109680,110],{"class":102},[84,109682,109683,109685,109687,109689],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,109684,116],{"class":98},[84,109686,103],{"class":102},[84,109688,36019],{"class":121},[84,109690,110],{"class":102},[24,109692,109693],{},[42,109694,265],{},[75,109696,109698],{"className":77,"code":109697,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109699,109700],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109701,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109703,9157],{"class":102},[84,109705,394],{"class":387},[84,109707,419],{"class":391},[84,109709,394],{"class":387},[84,109711,282],{"class":102},[84,109713,388],{"class":387},[84,109715,4634],{"class":391},[84,109717,394],{"class":387},[84,109719,282],{"class":102},[84,109721,388],{"class":387},[84,109723,9619],{"class":391},[84,109725,394],{"class":387},[84,109727,9188],{"class":102},[24,109729,18578],{},[33,109731,109732,109737],{},[36,109733,109734,109736],{},[15,109735,1266],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[36,109738,109739,109741],{},[15,109740,102554],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[24,109743,109744,109745,425],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[419,109746,96514,109747,10620],{"href":108157},[15,109748,102554],{},[70,109750,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,109752,8329,109754,96894],{"id":109753},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109755,1266],{},[24,109757,109758,109760,109761,425],{},[15,109759,1266],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109762,3653],{},[24,109764,16526],{},[75,109766,109768],{"className":77,"code":109767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109769,109770,109802,109824],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109771,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109773,12959],{"class":90},[84,109775,95],{"class":94},[84,109777,10371],{"class":102},[84,109779,854],{"class":387},[84,109781,12976],{"class":391},[84,109783,854],{"class":387},[84,109785,282],{"class":102},[84,109787,3230],{"class":387},[84,109789,12993],{"class":391},[84,109791,854],{"class":387},[84,109793,282],{"class":102},[84,109795,3230],{"class":387},[84,109797,17338],{"class":391},[84,109799,854],{"class":387},[84,109801,9188],{"class":102},[84,109803,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109805,13002],{"class":90},[84,109807,95],{"class":94},[84,109809,13007],{"class":90},[84,109811,425],{"class":102},[84,109813,34672],{"class":121},[84,109815,103],{"class":102},[84,109817,854],{"class":387},[84,109819,12993],{"class":391},[84,109821,854],{"class":387},[84,109823,110],{"class":102},[84,109825,109826,109828,109830,109832],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,109827,116],{"class":98},[84,109829,103],{"class":102},[84,109831,13026],{"class":121},[84,109833,110],{"class":102},[24,109835,109836],{},[42,109837,265],{},[75,109839,109840],{"className":77,"code":11689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,109841,109842],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109843,109844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109845,11689],{"class":659},[24,109847,16538],{},[75,109849,109850],{"className":77,"code":109060,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,109851,109852,109884,109902],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109853,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109855,12959],{"class":90},[84,109857,95],{"class":94},[84,109859,10371],{"class":102},[84,109861,854],{"class":387},[84,109863,12976],{"class":391},[84,109865,854],{"class":387},[84,109867,282],{"class":102},[84,109869,3230],{"class":387},[84,109871,12993],{"class":391},[84,109873,854],{"class":387},[84,109875,282],{"class":102},[84,109877,3230],{"class":387},[84,109879,17338],{"class":391},[84,109881,854],{"class":387},[84,109883,9188],{"class":102},[84,109885,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109887,17385],{"class":90},[84,109889,425],{"class":102},[84,109891,34672],{"class":121},[84,109893,103],{"class":102},[84,109895,854],{"class":387},[84,109897,12993],{"class":391},[84,109899,854],{"class":387},[84,109901,110],{"class":102},[84,109903,109904,109906,109908,109910],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,109905,116],{"class":98},[84,109907,103],{"class":102},[84,109909,17385],{"class":121},[84,109911,110],{"class":102},[1667,109913,109915],{"id":109914},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[24,109917,109918,109919,425],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109920,19571],{},[75,109922,109924],{"className":77,"code":109923,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109925,109926,109950],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109927,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109929,12959],{"class":90},[84,109931,95],{"class":94},[84,109933,10371],{"class":102},[84,109935,854],{"class":387},[84,109937,12976],{"class":391},[84,109939,854],{"class":387},[84,109941,282],{"class":102},[84,109943,3230],{"class":387},[84,109945,12993],{"class":391},[84,109947,854],{"class":387},[84,109949,9188],{"class":102},[84,109951,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,109953,17385],{"class":90},[84,109955,425],{"class":102},[84,109957,34672],{"class":121},[84,109959,103],{"class":102},[84,109961,854],{"class":387},[84,109963,17338],{"class":391},[84,109965,854],{"class":387},[84,109967,110],{"class":102},[24,109969,109970,109971,881],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109972,476],{},[75,109974,109976],{"className":77,"code":109975,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109977,109978,110002,110006,110022],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109979,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109981,12959],{"class":90},[84,109983,95],{"class":94},[84,109985,10371],{"class":102},[84,109987,854],{"class":387},[84,109989,12976],{"class":391},[84,109991,854],{"class":387},[84,109993,282],{"class":102},[84,109995,3230],{"class":387},[84,109997,12993],{"class":391},[84,109999,854],{"class":387},[84,110001,9188],{"class":102},[84,110003,110004],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,110005,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,110007,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,110009,6872],{"class":470},[84,110011,3230],{"class":387},[84,110013,17338],{"class":391},[84,110015,854],{"class":387},[84,110017,620],{"class":94},[84,110019,13007],{"class":90},[84,110021,6266],{"class":102},[84,110023,110024,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,110025,110026],{"class":90},"    colors",[84,110028,425],{"class":102},[84,110030,34672],{"class":121},[84,110032,103],{"class":102},[84,110034,854],{"class":387},[84,110036,17338],{"class":391},[84,110038,854],{"class":387},[84,110040,110],{"class":102},[24,110042,110043,110044,110048],{},"Or use ",[419,110045,110046],{"href":108157},[15,110047,102554],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1667,110050,37076,110052,8582,110054],{"id":110051},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110053,102568],{},[15,110055,54943],{},[24,110057,110058],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[24,110060,110061,110062,110064],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110063,102568],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[24,110066,110067,110068,425],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[419,110069,98778],{"href":98777},[1667,110071,110073],{"id":110072},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[24,110075,108063],{},[24,110077,110078],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[70,110080,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,110082,12586,110084,96993],{"id":110083},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110085,102568],{},[24,110087,110088,110089,425],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110090,3653],{},[1667,110092,30163,110094,110096],{"id":110093},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110095,102568],{}," raise?",[24,110098,30169,110099,110101],{},[15,110100,19571],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1667,110103,21303,110105,2759,110107,1689],{"id":110104},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110106,1266],{},[15,110108,102554],{},[24,110110,153,110111,110113,110114,110116],{},[15,110112,1266],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110115,102554],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1667,110118,5043,110120,110122],{"id":110119},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110121,102568],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[24,110124,110125],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[70,110127,1777],{"id":1776},[33,110129,110130,110136,110142,110146,110150],{},[36,110131,110132],{},[419,110133,96514,110134,10620],{"href":108157},[15,110135,102554],{},[36,110137,110138],{},[419,110139,96514,110140,10620],{"href":97914},[15,110141,12645],{},[36,110143,110144],{},[419,110145,97038],{"href":97583},[36,110147,110148],{},[419,110149,100044],{"href":98777},[36,110151,110152],{},[419,110153,11141],{"href":10954},[1814,110155,110156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":110158},[110159,110160,110162,110163,110164,110165,110170,110178,110188],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":109160,"depth":113,"text":110161},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":109411,"depth":113,"text":109412},{"id":109516,"depth":113,"text":110166,"children":110167},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110168,110169],{"id":34672,"depth":132,"text":1266},{"id":102621,"depth":132,"text":102554},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":110171},[110172,110174,110175,110177],{"id":109753,"depth":132,"text":110173},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109914,"depth":132,"text":109915},{"id":110051,"depth":132,"text":110176},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110072,"depth":132,"text":110073},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":110179},[110180,110182,110184,110186],{"id":110083,"depth":132,"text":110181},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110093,"depth":132,"text":110183},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110104,"depth":132,"text":110185},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110119,"depth":132,"text":110187},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109034,"description":110189},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110196,"title":110197,"body":110198,"description":111571,"extension":1845,"meta":111572,"navigation":237,"path":111573,"seo":111574,"stem":111575,"__hash__":111576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110199,"toc":111546},[110200,110206,110212,110215,110218,110232,110234,110315,110318,110323,110327,110341,110348,110350,110369,110372,110390,110392,110472,110474,110499,110503,110506,110514,110519,110524,110526,110539,110544,110547,110571,110574,110582,110584,110587,110684,110686,110719,110721,110747,110754,110757,110761,110769,110773,110781,110783,110873,110875,110889,110896,110901,110906,110908,110999,111001,111013,111015,111029,111035,111043,111045,111127,111129,111174,111177,111185,111188,111190,111194,111237,111239,111259,111264,111266,111351,111353,111358,111360,111367,111375,111381,111384,111386,111472,111474,111498,111502,111505,111507,111534,111544],[10,110201,95900,110203,11201],{"id":110202},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110204,110205],{},"symmetric_difference()",[24,110207,110208,110211],{},[15,110209,110210],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[24,110213,110214],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[24,110216,110217],{},"Use it when:",[33,110219,110220,110223,110229],{},[36,110221,110222],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[36,110224,110225,110226,110228],{},"you do ",[42,110227,1367],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[36,110230,110231],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[70,110233,73],{"id":72},[75,110235,110237],{"className":77,"code":110236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110238,110239,110259,110279,110283,110302],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110240,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110242,2436],{"class":90},[84,110244,95],{"class":94},[84,110246,10371],{"class":102},[84,110248,838],{"class":106},[84,110250,282],{"class":102},[84,110252,304],{"class":106},[84,110254,282],{"class":102},[84,110256,309],{"class":106},[84,110258,9188],{"class":102},[84,110260,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,110262,2463],{"class":90},[84,110264,95],{"class":94},[84,110266,10371],{"class":102},[84,110268,1162],{"class":106},[84,110270,282],{"class":102},[84,110272,314],{"class":106},[84,110274,282],{"class":102},[84,110276,285],{"class":106},[84,110278,9188],{"class":102},[84,110280,110281],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,110282,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,110284,110285,110287,110289,110291,110293,110296,110298,110300],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,110286,2110],{"class":90},[84,110288,95],{"class":94},[84,110290,56755],{"class":90},[84,110292,425],{"class":102},[84,110294,110295],{"class":121},"symmetric_difference",[84,110297,103],{"class":102},[84,110299,4634],{"class":121},[84,110301,110],{"class":102},[84,110303,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,110305,116],{"class":98},[84,110307,103],{"class":102},[84,110309,2145],{"class":121},[84,110311,125],{"class":102},[84,110313,110314],{"class":128},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[24,110316,110317],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[70,110319,429,110321,3554],{"id":110320},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110322,110205],{},[24,110324,110325,881],{},[15,110326,110210],{},[33,110328,110329,110332,110335,110338],{},[36,110330,110331],{},"returns a new set",[36,110333,110334],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[36,110336,110337],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[36,110339,110340],{},"does not change the original set",[24,110342,96024,110343,2759,110345,425],{},[419,110344,96028],{"href":96027},[419,110346,110347],{"href":96031},"creating a set in Python",[70,110349,2038],{"id":2037},[75,110351,110353],{"className":77,"code":110352,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110354,110355],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110356,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110358,100285],{"class":90},[84,110360,425],{"class":102},[84,110362,110295],{"class":121},[84,110364,103],{"class":102},[84,110366,100294],{"class":121},[84,110368,110],{"class":102},[24,110370,110371],{},"Notes:",[33,110373,110374,110379,110384,110387],{},[36,110375,110376,110378],{},[15,110377,100285],{}," must be a set",[36,110380,110381,110383],{},[15,110382,100294],{}," can be any iterable",[36,110385,110386],{},"the result is always a set",[36,110388,110389],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[24,110391,190],{},[75,110393,110395],{"className":77,"code":110394,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110396,110397,110418,110439,110443,110462],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110398,110399,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110400,110401],{"class":90},"set1 ",[84,110403,95],{"class":94},[84,110405,10371],{"class":102},[84,110407,838],{"class":106},[84,110409,282],{"class":102},[84,110411,304],{"class":106},[84,110413,282],{"class":102},[84,110415,309],{"class":106},[84,110417,9188],{"class":102},[84,110419,110420,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,110421,110422],{"class":90},"set2 ",[84,110424,95],{"class":94},[84,110426,10371],{"class":102},[84,110428,1162],{"class":106},[84,110430,282],{"class":102},[84,110432,314],{"class":106},[84,110434,282],{"class":102},[84,110436,285],{"class":106},[84,110438,9188],{"class":102},[84,110440,110441],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,110442,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,110444,110445,110447,110449,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,110446,2110],{"class":90},[84,110448,95],{"class":94},[84,110450,110451],{"class":90}," set1",[84,110453,425],{"class":102},[84,110455,110295],{"class":121},[84,110457,103],{"class":102},[84,110459,100294],{"class":121},[84,110461,110],{"class":102},[84,110463,110464,110466,110468,110470],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,110465,116],{"class":98},[84,110467,103],{"class":102},[84,110469,2145],{"class":121},[84,110471,110],{"class":102},[24,110473,265],{},[75,110475,110477],{"className":77,"code":110476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110478,110479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110480,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110482,9157],{"class":102},[84,110484,838],{"class":106},[84,110486,282],{"class":102},[84,110488,304],{"class":106},[84,110490,282],{"class":102},[84,110492,314],{"class":106},[84,110494,282],{"class":102},[84,110496,285],{"class":106},[84,110498,9188],{"class":102},[70,110500,110502],{"id":110501},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[24,110504,110505],{},"The result includes:",[33,110507,110508,110511],{},[36,110509,110510],{},"items only in the first set",[36,110512,110513],{},"items only in the second set",[24,110515,110516,110517,10963],{},"The result does ",[42,110518,1367],{},[33,110520,110521],{},[36,110522,110523],{},"items shared by both sets",[24,110525,5346],{},[33,110527,110528,110533],{},[36,110529,110530,110531],{},"first set: ",[15,110532,99982],{},[36,110534,110535,110536],{},"second set: ",[15,110537,110538],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[24,110540,3922,110541,110543],{},[15,110542,1162],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[24,110545,110546],{},"The output is:",[75,110548,110549],{"className":77,"code":110476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,110550,110551],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110552,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110554,9157],{"class":102},[84,110556,838],{"class":106},[84,110558,282],{"class":102},[84,110560,304],{"class":106},[84,110562,282],{"class":102},[84,110564,314],{"class":106},[84,110566,282],{"class":102},[84,110568,285],{"class":106},[84,110570,9188],{"class":102},[24,110572,110573],{},"Also remember:",[33,110575,110576,110579],{},[36,110577,110578],{},"sets are unordered",[36,110580,110581],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[70,110583,11355],{"id":11354},[24,110585,110586],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[75,110588,110590],{"className":77,"code":110589,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110591,110592,110624,110648,110652,110670,110674],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110593,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110595,106725],{"class":90},[84,110597,95],{"class":94},[84,110599,10371],{"class":102},[84,110601,854],{"class":387},[84,110603,12976],{"class":391},[84,110605,854],{"class":387},[84,110607,282],{"class":102},[84,110609,3230],{"class":387},[84,110611,12993],{"class":391},[84,110613,854],{"class":387},[84,110615,282],{"class":102},[84,110617,3230],{"class":387},[84,110619,17338],{"class":391},[84,110621,854],{"class":387},[84,110623,9188],{"class":102},[84,110625,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,110627,106758],{"class":90},[84,110629,95],{"class":94},[84,110631,10371],{"class":102},[84,110633,854],{"class":387},[84,110635,17338],{"class":391},[84,110637,854],{"class":387},[84,110639,282],{"class":102},[84,110641,3230],{"class":387},[84,110643,22405],{"class":391},[84,110645,854],{"class":387},[84,110647,9188],{"class":102},[84,110649,110650],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,110651,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,110653,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664,110666,110668],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,110655,2110],{"class":90},[84,110657,95],{"class":94},[84,110659,106800],{"class":90},[84,110661,425],{"class":102},[84,110663,110295],{"class":121},[84,110665,103],{"class":102},[84,110667,106809],{"class":121},[84,110669,110],{"class":102},[84,110671,110672],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,110673,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,110675,110676,110678,110680,110682],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,110677,116],{"class":98},[84,110679,103],{"class":102},[84,110681,2145],{"class":121},[84,110683,110],{"class":102},[24,110685,265],{},[75,110687,110689],{"className":77,"code":110688,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110690,110691],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110692,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110694,9157],{"class":102},[84,110696,394],{"class":387},[84,110698,12976],{"class":391},[84,110700,394],{"class":387},[84,110702,282],{"class":102},[84,110704,388],{"class":387},[84,110706,12993],{"class":391},[84,110708,394],{"class":387},[84,110710,282],{"class":102},[84,110712,388],{"class":387},[84,110714,22405],{"class":391},[84,110716,394],{"class":387},[84,110718,9188],{"class":102},[24,110720,13293],{},[33,110722,110723,110728,110739],{},[36,110724,110725,110727],{},[15,110726,96193],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[36,110729,110730,28,110732,110735,110736,110738],{},[15,110731,65256],{},[15,110733,110734],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110737,106862],{},", so they stay",[36,110740,110741,110743,110744,110746],{},[15,110742,109501],{}," is only in ",[15,110745,106809],{},", so it stays",[70,110748,110750,18,110752],{"id":110749},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110751,110205],{},[15,110753,100114],{},[24,110755,110756],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[24,110758,110759,881],{},[15,110760,100114],{},[33,110762,110763,110766],{},[36,110764,110765],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[36,110767,110768],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[24,110770,110771,881],{},[15,110772,110205],{},[33,110774,110775,110778],{},[36,110776,110777],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[36,110779,110780],{},"removes shared items",[24,110782,190],{},[75,110784,110786],{"className":77,"code":110785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110787,110788,110808,110828,110832,110853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110789,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110791,2436],{"class":90},[84,110793,95],{"class":94},[84,110795,10371],{"class":102},[84,110797,838],{"class":106},[84,110799,282],{"class":102},[84,110801,304],{"class":106},[84,110803,282],{"class":102},[84,110805,309],{"class":106},[84,110807,9188],{"class":102},[84,110809,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824,110826],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,110811,2463],{"class":90},[84,110813,95],{"class":94},[84,110815,10371],{"class":102},[84,110817,1162],{"class":106},[84,110819,282],{"class":102},[84,110821,314],{"class":106},[84,110823,282],{"class":102},[84,110825,285],{"class":106},[84,110827,9188],{"class":102},[84,110829,110830],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,110831,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,110833,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,110835,116],{"class":98},[84,110837,103],{"class":102},[84,110839,419],{"class":121},[84,110841,425],{"class":102},[84,110843,2693],{"class":121},[84,110845,103],{"class":102},[84,110847,4634],{"class":121},[84,110849,147],{"class":102},[84,110851,110852],{"class":128},"            # {1, 2}\n",[84,110854,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,110856,116],{"class":98},[84,110858,103],{"class":102},[84,110860,419],{"class":121},[84,110862,425],{"class":102},[84,110864,110295],{"class":121},[84,110866,103],{"class":102},[84,110868,4634],{"class":121},[84,110870,147],{"class":102},[84,110872,110314],{"class":128},[24,110874,18578],{},[33,110876,110877,110884],{},[36,110878,110879,110883],{},[419,110880,110881],{"href":102540},[15,110882,100114],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[36,110885,110886,110888],{},[15,110887,110205],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[70,110890,110892,18,110894],{"id":110891},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110893,110205],{},[15,110895,102499],{},[24,110897,110898,110900],{},[15,110899,102499],{}," combines both sets.",[24,110902,110903,110905],{},[15,110904,110205],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[24,110907,190],{},[75,110909,110911],{"className":77,"code":110910,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110912,110913,110933,110953,110957,110979],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110914,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110916,2436],{"class":90},[84,110918,95],{"class":94},[84,110920,10371],{"class":102},[84,110922,838],{"class":106},[84,110924,282],{"class":102},[84,110926,304],{"class":106},[84,110928,282],{"class":102},[84,110930,309],{"class":106},[84,110932,9188],{"class":102},[84,110934,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,110936,2463],{"class":90},[84,110938,95],{"class":94},[84,110940,10371],{"class":102},[84,110942,1162],{"class":106},[84,110944,282],{"class":102},[84,110946,314],{"class":106},[84,110948,282],{"class":102},[84,110950,285],{"class":106},[84,110952,9188],{"class":102},[84,110954,110955],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,110956,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,110958,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967,110970,110972,110974,110976],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,110960,116],{"class":98},[84,110962,103],{"class":102},[84,110964,419],{"class":121},[84,110966,425],{"class":102},[84,110968,110969],{"class":121},"union",[84,110971,103],{"class":102},[84,110973,4634],{"class":121},[84,110975,147],{"class":102},[84,110977,110978],{"class":128},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[84,110980,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,110982,116],{"class":98},[84,110984,103],{"class":102},[84,110986,419],{"class":121},[84,110988,425],{"class":102},[84,110990,110295],{"class":121},[84,110992,103],{"class":102},[84,110994,4634],{"class":121},[84,110996,147],{"class":102},[84,110998,110314],{"class":128},[24,111000,27097],{},[33,111002,111003,111008],{},[36,111004,111005,111007],{},[15,111006,102499],{}," includes everything",[36,111009,111010,111012],{},[15,111011,110205],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[24,111014,18578],{},[33,111016,111017,111024],{},[36,111018,111019,111023],{},[419,111020,111021],{"href":107430},[15,111022,102499],{}," when overlap does not matter",[36,111025,111026,111028],{},[15,111027,110205],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[70,111030,36484,111032,101298],{"id":111031},"using-the-operator",[15,111033,111034],{},"^",[24,111036,111037,111038,111040,111041,425],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111039,111034],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111042,110205],{},[24,111044,190],{},[75,111046,111048],{"className":77,"code":111047,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111049,111050,111070,111090,111094,111112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111051,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111053,110401],{"class":90},[84,111055,95],{"class":94},[84,111057,10371],{"class":102},[84,111059,838],{"class":106},[84,111061,282],{"class":102},[84,111063,304],{"class":106},[84,111065,282],{"class":102},[84,111067,309],{"class":106},[84,111069,9188],{"class":102},[84,111071,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,111073,110422],{"class":90},[84,111075,95],{"class":94},[84,111077,10371],{"class":102},[84,111079,1162],{"class":106},[84,111081,282],{"class":102},[84,111083,314],{"class":106},[84,111085,282],{"class":102},[84,111087,285],{"class":106},[84,111089,9188],{"class":102},[84,111091,111092],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,111093,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,111095,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,111097,116],{"class":98},[84,111099,103],{"class":102},[84,111101,100285],{"class":121},[84,111103,425],{"class":102},[84,111105,110295],{"class":121},[84,111107,103],{"class":102},[84,111109,100294],{"class":121},[84,111111,232],{"class":102},[84,111113,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122,111125],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,111115,116],{"class":98},[84,111117,103],{"class":102},[84,111119,110401],{"class":121},[84,111121,111034],{"class":94},[84,111123,111124],{"class":121}," set2",[84,111126,110],{"class":102},[24,111128,29905],{},[75,111130,111132],{"className":77,"code":111131,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111133,111134,111154],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111135,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111137,9157],{"class":102},[84,111139,838],{"class":106},[84,111141,282],{"class":102},[84,111143,304],{"class":106},[84,111145,282],{"class":102},[84,111147,314],{"class":106},[84,111149,282],{"class":102},[84,111151,285],{"class":106},[84,111153,9188],{"class":102},[84,111155,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170,111172],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,111157,9157],{"class":102},[84,111159,838],{"class":106},[84,111161,282],{"class":102},[84,111163,304],{"class":106},[84,111165,282],{"class":102},[84,111167,314],{"class":106},[84,111169,282],{"class":102},[84,111171,285],{"class":106},[84,111173,9188],{"class":102},[24,111175,111176],{},"Both forms:",[33,111178,111179,111182],{},[36,111180,111181],{},"return a new set",[36,111183,111184],{},"do not change the original sets",[24,111186,111187],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[70,111189,4393],{"id":4392},[24,111191,21094,111192,881],{},[15,111193,110205],{},[33,111195,111196,111204,111214,111229],{},[36,111197,111198,111201,111203],{},[42,111199,111200],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9726,111202],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[36,111205,111206,111209,111211,111213],{},[42,111207,111208],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9726,111210],{},[15,111212,110205],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[36,111215,111216,111221,111223,111225,111226,111228],{},[42,111217,111218,111219],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111220,100114],{},[9726,111222],{},[15,111224,100114],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111227,110205],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[36,111230,111231,111234,111236],{},[42,111232,111233],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9726,111235],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[24,111238,58730],{},[33,111240,111241,111250,111253,111256],{},[36,111242,50360,111243,44502,111245,111249],{},[15,111244,110205],{},[419,111246,111247],{"href":107430},[15,111248,102499],{}," is actually needed",[36,111251,111252],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[36,111254,111255],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[36,111257,111258],{},"being confused by output order",[24,111260,111261,111262,425],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[419,111263,98778],{"href":105043},[24,111265,62160],{},[75,111267,111269],{"className":77,"code":111268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111270,111271,111281,111291,111309,111323,111337],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111272,111273,111275,111277,111279],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111274,116],{"class":98},[84,111276,103],{"class":102},[84,111278,100285],{"class":121},[84,111280,110],{"class":102},[84,111282,111283,111285,111287,111289],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,111284,116],{"class":98},[84,111286,103],{"class":102},[84,111288,100294],{"class":121},[84,111290,110],{"class":102},[84,111292,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,111294,116],{"class":98},[84,111296,103],{"class":102},[84,111298,100285],{"class":121},[84,111300,425],{"class":102},[84,111302,110295],{"class":121},[84,111304,103],{"class":102},[84,111306,100294],{"class":121},[84,111308,232],{"class":102},[84,111310,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,111312,116],{"class":98},[84,111314,103],{"class":102},[84,111316,110401],{"class":121},[84,111318,111034],{"class":94},[84,111320,111124],{"class":121},[84,111322,110],{"class":102},[84,111324,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,111326,116],{"class":98},[84,111328,103],{"class":102},[84,111330,334],{"class":139},[84,111332,103],{"class":102},[84,111334,100285],{"class":121},[84,111336,232],{"class":102},[84,111338,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,111340,116],{"class":98},[84,111342,103],{"class":102},[84,111344,334],{"class":139},[84,111346,103],{"class":102},[84,111348,100294],{"class":121},[84,111350,232],{"class":102},[70,111352,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,111354,12586,111356,102439],{"id":111355},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111357,110205],{},[24,111359,102442],{},[1667,111361,5053,111363,28,111365,1689],{"id":111362},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111364,110205],{},[15,111366,100114],{},[24,111368,111369,111371,111372,111374],{},[15,111370,100114],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111373,110205],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1667,111376,28205,111378,111380],{"id":111377},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111379,110205],{}," with lists?",[24,111382,111383],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[24,111385,190],{},[75,111387,111389],{"className":77,"code":111388,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111390,111391,111411,111431,111435,111462],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111392,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407,111409],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111394,80520],{"class":90},[84,111396,95],{"class":94},[84,111398,3498],{"class":102},[84,111400,838],{"class":106},[84,111402,282],{"class":102},[84,111404,304],{"class":106},[84,111406,282],{"class":102},[84,111408,309],{"class":106},[84,111410,317],{"class":102},[84,111412,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,111414,80541],{"class":90},[84,111416,95],{"class":94},[84,111418,3498],{"class":102},[84,111420,1162],{"class":106},[84,111422,282],{"class":102},[84,111424,314],{"class":106},[84,111426,282],{"class":102},[84,111428,285],{"class":106},[84,111430,317],{"class":102},[84,111432,111433],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,111434,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,111436,111437,111439,111441,111443,111445,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,111438,2110],{"class":90},[84,111440,95],{"class":94},[84,111442,15515],{"class":139},[84,111444,103],{"class":102},[84,111446,111447],{"class":121},"list1",[84,111449,8508],{"class":102},[84,111451,110295],{"class":121},[84,111453,103],{"class":102},[84,111455,6159],{"class":139},[84,111457,103],{"class":102},[84,111459,80807],{"class":121},[84,111461,232],{"class":102},[84,111463,111464,111466,111468,111470],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,111465,116],{"class":98},[84,111467,103],{"class":102},[84,111469,2145],{"class":121},[84,111471,110],{"class":102},[24,111473,265],{},[75,111475,111476],{"className":77,"code":110476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,111477,111478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111479,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111481,9157],{"class":102},[84,111483,838],{"class":106},[84,111485,282],{"class":102},[84,111487,304],{"class":106},[84,111489,282],{"class":102},[84,111491,314],{"class":106},[84,111493,282],{"class":102},[84,111495,285],{"class":106},[84,111497,9188],{"class":102},[1667,111499,111501],{"id":111500},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[24,111503,111504],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[70,111506,1777],{"id":1776},[33,111508,111509,111513,111518,111524,111530],{},[36,111510,111511],{},[419,111512,96028],{"href":96027},[36,111514,111515],{},[419,111516,111517],{"href":96031},"Creating a set in Python",[36,111519,111520],{},[419,111521,96514,111522,10620],{"href":102540},[15,111523,100114],{},[36,111525,111526],{},[419,111527,96514,111528,10620],{"href":107430},[15,111529,102499],{},[36,111531,111532],{},[419,111533,100044],{"href":105043},[24,111535,111536,111537,1263,111539,16954,111541,111543],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111538,100114],{},[15,111540,102499],{},[15,111542,110205],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1814,111545,57109],{},{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":111547},[111548,111549,111551,111552,111553,111554,111556,111558,111560,111561,111570],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":110320,"depth":113,"text":111550},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":110501,"depth":113,"text":110502},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":110749,"depth":113,"text":111555},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110891,"depth":113,"text":111557},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111031,"depth":113,"text":111559},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":111562},[111563,111565,111567,111569],{"id":111355,"depth":132,"text":111564},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111362,"depth":132,"text":111566},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111377,"depth":132,"text":111568},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111500,"depth":132,"text":111501},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110197,"description":111571},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111578,"title":111579,"body":111580,"description":113643,"extension":1845,"meta":113644,"navigation":237,"path":107430,"seo":113645,"stem":113646,"__hash__":113647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111581,"toc":113602},[111582,111587,111592,111595,111608,111610,111692,111697,111702,111706,111718,111721,111725,111727,111754,111756,111767,111770,111839,111841,111847,111850,111860,111862,111951,111956,111958,111965,111968,111970,111973,112093,112095,112164,112167,112184,112189,112192,112308,112310,112339,112342,112348,112353,112357,112438,112440,112468,112473,112477,112572,112574,112615,112619,112622,112689,112691,112732,112738,112753,112760,112767,112771,112777,112863,112867,112875,112946,112951,112958,112960,112966,112968,113033,113035,113051,113056,113059,113128,113132,113135,113194,113197,113201,113254,113267,113270,113323,113327,113329,113360,113363,113368,113421,113425,113428,113449,113461,113463,113516,113518,113523,113525,113531,113534,113540,113545,113549,113552,113560,113569,113571,113599],[10,111583,13,111585,11201],{"id":111584},"python-setunion-method",[15,111586,107743],{},[24,111588,111589,111591],{},[15,111590,107743],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[24,111593,111594],{},"It is useful when you want:",[33,111596,111597,111600,111605],{},[36,111598,111599],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[36,111601,2436,111602,111604],{},[42,111603,100469],{}," as the result",[36,111606,111607],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[70,111609,1887],{"id":1886},[75,111611,111613],{"className":77,"code":111612,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111614,111615,111635,111655,111659,111677,111687],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111616,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111618,110401],{"class":90},[84,111620,95],{"class":94},[84,111622,10371],{"class":102},[84,111624,838],{"class":106},[84,111626,282],{"class":102},[84,111628,304],{"class":106},[84,111630,282],{"class":102},[84,111632,309],{"class":106},[84,111634,9188],{"class":102},[84,111636,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,111638,110422],{"class":90},[84,111640,95],{"class":94},[84,111642,10371],{"class":102},[84,111644,1162],{"class":106},[84,111646,282],{"class":102},[84,111648,314],{"class":106},[84,111650,282],{"class":102},[84,111652,285],{"class":106},[84,111654,9188],{"class":102},[84,111656,111657],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,111658,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,111660,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,111662,2110],{"class":90},[84,111664,95],{"class":94},[84,111666,110451],{"class":90},[84,111668,425],{"class":102},[84,111670,110969],{"class":121},[84,111672,103],{"class":102},[84,111674,100294],{"class":121},[84,111676,110],{"class":102},[84,111678,111679,111681,111683,111685],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,111680,116],{"class":98},[84,111682,103],{"class":102},[84,111684,2145],{"class":121},[84,111686,110],{"class":102},[84,111688,111689],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,111690,111691],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[24,111693,111694,111696],{},[15,111695,102499],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[70,111698,429,111700,3554],{"id":111699},"what-setunion-does",[15,111701,107743],{},[24,111703,111704,881],{},[15,111705,107743],{},[33,111707,111708,111711,111714,111716],{},[36,111709,111710],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[36,111712,111713],{},"keeps only unique values",[36,111715,110331],{},[36,111717,110340],{},[24,111719,111720],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[24,111722,96024,111723,425],{},[419,111724,96028],{"href":97199},[70,111726,2038],{"id":2037},[75,111728,111730],{"className":77,"code":111729,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111731,111732],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111733,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746,111748,111750,111752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111735,100285],{"class":90},[84,111737,425],{"class":102},[84,111739,110969],{"class":121},[84,111741,103],{"class":102},[84,111743,100294],{"class":121},[84,111745,282],{"class":102},[84,111747,100321],{"class":121},[84,111749,282],{"class":102},[84,111751,34331],{"class":98},[84,111753,110],{"class":102},[24,111755,12935],{},[33,111757,111758,111761,111764],{},[36,111759,111760],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[36,111762,111763],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[36,111765,111766],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[24,111768,111769],{},"Example with two sets:",[75,111771,111773],{"className":77,"code":111772,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111774,111775,111791,111807,111811,111829],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111776,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111778,2436],{"class":90},[84,111780,95],{"class":94},[84,111782,10371],{"class":102},[84,111784,838],{"class":106},[84,111786,282],{"class":102},[84,111788,304],{"class":106},[84,111790,9188],{"class":102},[84,111792,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,111794,2463],{"class":90},[84,111796,95],{"class":94},[84,111798,10371],{"class":102},[84,111800,568],{"class":106},[84,111802,282],{"class":102},[84,111804,309],{"class":106},[84,111806,9188],{"class":102},[84,111808,111809],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,111810,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,111814,2110],{"class":90},[84,111816,95],{"class":94},[84,111818,56755],{"class":90},[84,111820,425],{"class":102},[84,111822,110969],{"class":121},[84,111824,103],{"class":102},[84,111826,4634],{"class":121},[84,111828,110],{"class":102},[84,111830,111831,111833,111835,111837],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,111832,116],{"class":98},[84,111834,103],{"class":102},[84,111836,2145],{"class":121},[84,111838,110],{"class":102},[70,111840,21853],{"id":21852},[24,111842,111843,100466,111845,425],{},[15,111844,107743],{},[42,111846,100469],{},[24,111848,111849],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[33,111851,111852,111855],{},[36,111853,111854],{},"the original set",[36,111856,111857,111858],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111859,102499],{},[24,111861,190],{},[75,111863,111865],{"className":77,"code":111864,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111866,111867,111883,111899,111903,111921,111925,111938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111868,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111870,2436],{"class":90},[84,111872,95],{"class":94},[84,111874,10371],{"class":102},[84,111876,838],{"class":106},[84,111878,282],{"class":102},[84,111880,304],{"class":106},[84,111882,9188],{"class":102},[84,111884,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,111886,2463],{"class":90},[84,111888,95],{"class":94},[84,111890,10371],{"class":102},[84,111892,568],{"class":106},[84,111894,282],{"class":102},[84,111896,309],{"class":106},[84,111898,9188],{"class":102},[84,111900,111901],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,111902,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,111904,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,111906,2110],{"class":90},[84,111908,95],{"class":94},[84,111910,56755],{"class":90},[84,111912,425],{"class":102},[84,111914,110969],{"class":121},[84,111916,103],{"class":102},[84,111918,4634],{"class":121},[84,111920,110],{"class":102},[84,111922,111923],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,111924,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,111926,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,111928,116],{"class":98},[84,111930,103],{"class":102},[84,111932,2145],{"class":121},[84,111934,125],{"class":102},[84,111936,111937],{"class":128},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[84,111939,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,111941,116],{"class":98},[84,111943,103],{"class":102},[84,111945,419],{"class":121},[84,111947,125],{"class":102},[84,111949,111950],{"class":128},"       # {1, 2}\n",[24,111952,2167,111953,111955],{},[15,111954,419],{}," did not change.",[24,111957,110573],{},[33,111959,111960,111962],{},[36,111961,110578],{},[36,111963,111964],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[24,111966,111967],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[70,111969,11355],{"id":11354},[24,111971,111972],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[75,111974,111976],{"className":77,"code":111975,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111977,111978,112011,112044,112048,112068,112072,112082],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111979,111980,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111981,111982],{"class":90},"fruits1 ",[84,111984,95],{"class":94},[84,111986,10371],{"class":102},[84,111988,854],{"class":387},[84,111990,3952],{"class":391},[84,111992,854],{"class":387},[84,111994,282],{"class":102},[84,111996,3230],{"class":387},[84,111998,3961],{"class":391},[84,112000,854],{"class":387},[84,112002,282],{"class":102},[84,112004,3230],{"class":387},[84,112006,33098],{"class":391},[84,112008,854],{"class":387},[84,112010,9188],{"class":102},[84,112012,112013,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112014,112015],{"class":90},"fruits2 ",[84,112017,95],{"class":94},[84,112019,10371],{"class":102},[84,112021,854],{"class":387},[84,112023,3961],{"class":391},[84,112025,854],{"class":387},[84,112027,282],{"class":102},[84,112029,3230],{"class":387},[84,112031,22414],{"class":391},[84,112033,854],{"class":387},[84,112035,282],{"class":102},[84,112037,3230],{"class":387},[84,112039,33098],{"class":391},[84,112041,854],{"class":387},[84,112043,9188],{"class":102},[84,112045,112046],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,112047,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112049,112050,112052,112054,112057,112059,112061,112063,112066],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,112051,2110],{"class":90},[84,112053,95],{"class":94},[84,112055,112056],{"class":90}," fruits1",[84,112058,425],{"class":102},[84,112060,110969],{"class":121},[84,112062,103],{"class":102},[84,112064,112065],{"class":121},"fruits2",[84,112067,110],{"class":102},[84,112069,112070],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,112071,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112073,112074,112076,112078,112080],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,112075,116],{"class":98},[84,112077,103],{"class":102},[84,112079,2145],{"class":121},[84,112081,110],{"class":102},[84,112083,112084,112086,112088,112091],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,112085,116],{"class":98},[84,112087,103],{"class":102},[84,112089,112090],{"class":121},"fruits1",[84,112092,110],{"class":102},[24,112094,29905],{},[75,112096,112098],{"className":77,"code":112097,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112099,112100,112136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112101,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112103,9157],{"class":102},[84,112105,394],{"class":387},[84,112107,3961],{"class":391},[84,112109,394],{"class":387},[84,112111,282],{"class":102},[84,112113,388],{"class":387},[84,112115,33098],{"class":391},[84,112117,394],{"class":387},[84,112119,282],{"class":102},[84,112121,388],{"class":387},[84,112123,3952],{"class":391},[84,112125,394],{"class":387},[84,112127,282],{"class":102},[84,112129,388],{"class":387},[84,112131,22414],{"class":391},[84,112133,394],{"class":387},[84,112135,9188],{"class":102},[84,112137,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112139,9157],{"class":102},[84,112141,394],{"class":387},[84,112143,3961],{"class":391},[84,112145,394],{"class":387},[84,112147,282],{"class":102},[84,112149,388],{"class":387},[84,112151,33098],{"class":391},[84,112153,394],{"class":387},[84,112155,282],{"class":102},[84,112157,388],{"class":387},[84,112159,3952],{"class":391},[84,112161,394],{"class":387},[84,112163,9188],{"class":102},[24,112165,112166],{},"What this shows:",[33,112168,112169,112176,112179],{},[36,112170,112171,28,112173,112175],{},[15,112172,65138],{},[15,112174,65565],{}," appear in both sets",[36,112177,112178],{},"they appear only once in the result",[36,112180,112181,112183],{},[15,112182,112090],{}," stays unchanged",[70,112185,1442,112187,100858],{"id":112186},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112188,102499],{},[24,112190,112191],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[75,112193,112195],{"className":77,"code":112194,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112196,112197,112213,112229,112246,112263,112267,112294,112298],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112198,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112200,110401],{"class":90},[84,112202,95],{"class":94},[84,112204,10371],{"class":102},[84,112206,838],{"class":106},[84,112208,282],{"class":102},[84,112210,304],{"class":106},[84,112212,9188],{"class":102},[84,112214,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112216,110422],{"class":90},[84,112218,95],{"class":94},[84,112220,10371],{"class":102},[84,112222,568],{"class":106},[84,112224,282],{"class":102},[84,112226,309],{"class":106},[84,112228,9188],{"class":102},[84,112230,112231,112234,112236,112238,112240,112242,112244],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,112232,112233],{"class":90},"set3 ",[84,112235,95],{"class":94},[84,112237,10371],{"class":102},[84,112239,1162],{"class":106},[84,112241,282],{"class":102},[84,112243,314],{"class":106},[84,112245,9188],{"class":102},[84,112247,112248,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,112249,112250],{"class":90},"set4 ",[84,112252,95],{"class":94},[84,112254,10371],{"class":102},[84,112256,2386],{"class":106},[84,112258,282],{"class":102},[84,112260,285],{"class":106},[84,112262,9188],{"class":102},[84,112264,112265],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,112266,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112268,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112292],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,112270,2110],{"class":90},[84,112272,95],{"class":94},[84,112274,110451],{"class":90},[84,112276,425],{"class":102},[84,112278,110969],{"class":121},[84,112280,103],{"class":102},[84,112282,100294],{"class":121},[84,112284,282],{"class":102},[84,112286,100321],{"class":121},[84,112288,282],{"class":102},[84,112290,112291],{"class":121}," set4",[84,112293,110],{"class":102},[84,112295,112296],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,112297,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112299,112300,112302,112304,112306],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,112301,116],{"class":98},[84,112303,103],{"class":102},[84,112305,2145],{"class":121},[84,112307,110],{"class":102},[24,112309,29905],{},[75,112311,112313],{"className":77,"code":112312,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112314,112315],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112316,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112318,9157],{"class":102},[84,112320,838],{"class":106},[84,112322,282],{"class":102},[84,112324,304],{"class":106},[84,112326,282],{"class":102},[84,112328,309],{"class":106},[84,112330,282],{"class":102},[84,112332,314],{"class":106},[84,112334,282],{"class":102},[84,112336,285],{"class":106},[84,112338,9188],{"class":102},[24,112340,112341],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[70,112343,1442,112345,112347],{"id":112344},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112346,102499],{}," with other iterables",[24,112349,112350,112352],{},[15,112351,102499],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1667,112354,112356],{"id":112355},"with-a-list","With a list",[75,112358,112360],{"className":77,"code":112359,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112361,112362,112382,112406,112410,112428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112363,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112365,91],{"class":90},[84,112367,95],{"class":94},[84,112369,10371],{"class":102},[84,112371,838],{"class":106},[84,112373,282],{"class":102},[84,112375,304],{"class":106},[84,112377,282],{"class":102},[84,112379,309],{"class":106},[84,112381,9188],{"class":102},[84,112383,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112385,60913],{"class":90},[84,112387,95],{"class":94},[84,112389,3498],{"class":102},[84,112391,1162],{"class":106},[84,112393,282],{"class":102},[84,112395,314],{"class":106},[84,112397,282],{"class":102},[84,112399,285],{"class":106},[84,112401,282],{"class":102},[84,112403,285],{"class":106},[84,112405,317],{"class":102},[84,112407,112408],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,112409,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112411,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,112413,2110],{"class":90},[84,112415,95],{"class":94},[84,112417,4137],{"class":90},[84,112419,425],{"class":102},[84,112421,110969],{"class":121},[84,112423,103],{"class":102},[84,112425,60942],{"class":121},[84,112427,110],{"class":102},[84,112429,112430,112432,112434,112436],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,112431,116],{"class":98},[84,112433,103],{"class":102},[84,112435,2145],{"class":121},[84,112437,110],{"class":102},[24,112439,29905],{},[75,112441,112442],{"className":77,"code":112312,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,112443,112444],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112445,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112447,9157],{"class":102},[84,112449,838],{"class":106},[84,112451,282],{"class":102},[84,112453,304],{"class":106},[84,112455,282],{"class":102},[84,112457,309],{"class":106},[84,112459,282],{"class":102},[84,112461,314],{"class":106},[84,112463,282],{"class":102},[84,112465,285],{"class":106},[84,112467,9188],{"class":102},[24,112469,20861,112470,112472],{},[15,112471,107],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1667,112474,112476],{"id":112475},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[75,112478,112480],{"className":77,"code":112479,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112481,112482,112506,112539,112543,112562],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112483,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112485,35967],{"class":90},[84,112487,95],{"class":94},[84,112489,10371],{"class":102},[84,112491,854],{"class":387},[84,112493,419],{"class":391},[84,112495,854],{"class":387},[84,112497,282],{"class":102},[84,112499,3230],{"class":387},[84,112501,4634],{"class":391},[84,112503,854],{"class":387},[84,112505,9188],{"class":102},[84,112507,112508,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112509,112510],{"class":90},"more_letters ",[84,112512,95],{"class":94},[84,112514,9115],{"class":102},[84,112516,854],{"class":387},[84,112518,4634],{"class":391},[84,112520,854],{"class":387},[84,112522,282],{"class":102},[84,112524,3230],{"class":387},[84,112526,9619],{"class":391},[84,112528,854],{"class":387},[84,112530,282],{"class":102},[84,112532,3230],{"class":387},[84,112534,18651],{"class":391},[84,112536,854],{"class":387},[84,112538,110],{"class":102},[84,112540,112541],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,112542,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112544,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112560],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,112546,2110],{"class":90},[84,112548,95],{"class":94},[84,112550,69959],{"class":90},[84,112552,425],{"class":102},[84,112554,110969],{"class":121},[84,112556,103],{"class":102},[84,112558,112559],{"class":121},"more_letters",[84,112561,110],{"class":102},[84,112563,112564,112566,112568,112570],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,112565,116],{"class":98},[84,112567,103],{"class":102},[84,112569,2145],{"class":121},[84,112571,110],{"class":102},[24,112573,29905],{},[75,112575,112577],{"className":77,"code":112576,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112578,112579],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112580,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112582,9157],{"class":102},[84,112584,394],{"class":387},[84,112586,419],{"class":391},[84,112588,394],{"class":387},[84,112590,282],{"class":102},[84,112592,388],{"class":387},[84,112594,4634],{"class":391},[84,112596,394],{"class":387},[84,112598,282],{"class":102},[84,112600,388],{"class":387},[84,112602,9619],{"class":391},[84,112604,394],{"class":387},[84,112606,282],{"class":102},[84,112608,388],{"class":387},[84,112610,18651],{"class":391},[84,112612,394],{"class":387},[84,112614,9188],{"class":102},[1667,112616,112618],{"id":112617},"with-a-string","With a string",[24,112620,112621],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[75,112623,112625],{"className":77,"code":112624,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112626,112627,112652,112675,112679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112628,112629,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112630,112631],{"class":90},"chars ",[84,112633,95],{"class":94},[84,112635,10371],{"class":102},[84,112637,854],{"class":387},[84,112639,419],{"class":391},[84,112641,854],{"class":387},[84,112643,282],{"class":102},[84,112645,3230],{"class":387},[84,112647,4634],{"class":391},[84,112649,854],{"class":387},[84,112651,9188],{"class":102},[84,112653,112654,112656,112658,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112655,2110],{"class":90},[84,112657,95],{"class":94},[84,112659,112660],{"class":90}," chars",[84,112662,425],{"class":102},[84,112664,110969],{"class":121},[84,112666,103],{"class":102},[84,112668,854],{"class":387},[84,112670,36919],{"class":391},[84,112672,854],{"class":387},[84,112674,110],{"class":102},[84,112676,112677],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,112678,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112680,112681,112683,112685,112687],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,112682,116],{"class":98},[84,112684,103],{"class":102},[84,112686,2145],{"class":121},[84,112688,110],{"class":102},[24,112690,29905],{},[75,112692,112694],{"className":77,"code":112693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112695,112696],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112697,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112699,9157],{"class":102},[84,112701,394],{"class":387},[84,112703,419],{"class":391},[84,112705,394],{"class":387},[84,112707,282],{"class":102},[84,112709,388],{"class":387},[84,112711,4634],{"class":391},[84,112713,394],{"class":387},[84,112715,282],{"class":102},[84,112717,388],{"class":387},[84,112719,9619],{"class":391},[84,112721,394],{"class":387},[84,112723,282],{"class":102},[84,112725,388],{"class":387},[84,112727,63152],{"class":391},[84,112729,394],{"class":387},[84,112731,9188],{"class":102},[24,112733,22070,112734,112737],{},[15,112735,112736],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[33,112739,112740,112744,112748],{},[36,112741,112742],{},[15,112743,66345],{},[36,112745,112746],{},[15,112747,17979],{},[36,112749,112750],{},[15,112751,112752],{},"\"t\"",[70,112754,112756,18,112758],{"id":112755},"union-vs-update",[15,112757,102499],{},[15,112759,14837],{},[24,112761,112762,28,112764,112766],{},[15,112763,102499],{},[15,112765,14837],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1667,112768,112769],{"id":110969},[15,112770,102499],{},[33,112772,112773,112775],{},[36,112774,110331],{},[36,112776,110340],{},[75,112778,112779],{"className":77,"code":111864,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,112780,112781,112797,112813,112817,112835,112839,112851],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112782,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112784,2436],{"class":90},[84,112786,95],{"class":94},[84,112788,10371],{"class":102},[84,112790,838],{"class":106},[84,112792,282],{"class":102},[84,112794,304],{"class":106},[84,112796,9188],{"class":102},[84,112798,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112800,2463],{"class":90},[84,112802,95],{"class":94},[84,112804,10371],{"class":102},[84,112806,568],{"class":106},[84,112808,282],{"class":102},[84,112810,309],{"class":106},[84,112812,9188],{"class":102},[84,112814,112815],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,112816,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112818,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,112820,2110],{"class":90},[84,112822,95],{"class":94},[84,112824,56755],{"class":90},[84,112826,425],{"class":102},[84,112828,110969],{"class":121},[84,112830,103],{"class":102},[84,112832,4634],{"class":121},[84,112834,110],{"class":102},[84,112836,112837],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,112838,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112840,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,112842,116],{"class":98},[84,112844,103],{"class":102},[84,112846,2145],{"class":121},[84,112848,125],{"class":102},[84,112850,111937],{"class":128},[84,112852,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,112854,116],{"class":98},[84,112856,103],{"class":102},[84,112858,419],{"class":121},[84,112860,125],{"class":102},[84,112862,111950],{"class":128},[1667,112864,112865],{"id":30340},[15,112866,14837],{},[33,112868,112869,112872],{},[36,112870,112871],{},"changes the existing set in place",[36,112873,112874],{},"does not create a separate result set",[75,112876,112878],{"className":77,"code":112877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112879,112880,112896,112912,112916,112930,112934],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112881,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112883,2436],{"class":90},[84,112885,95],{"class":94},[84,112887,10371],{"class":102},[84,112889,838],{"class":106},[84,112891,282],{"class":102},[84,112893,304],{"class":106},[84,112895,9188],{"class":102},[84,112897,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112899,2463],{"class":90},[84,112901,95],{"class":94},[84,112903,10371],{"class":102},[84,112905,568],{"class":106},[84,112907,282],{"class":102},[84,112909,309],{"class":106},[84,112911,9188],{"class":102},[84,112913,112914],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,112915,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112917,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,112919,419],{"class":90},[84,112921,425],{"class":102},[84,112923,30340],{"class":121},[84,112925,103],{"class":102},[84,112927,4634],{"class":121},[84,112929,110],{"class":102},[84,112931,112932],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,112933,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,112935,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,112937,116],{"class":98},[84,112939,103],{"class":102},[84,112941,419],{"class":121},[84,112943,125],{"class":102},[84,112945,111937],{"class":128},[24,112947,153,112948,112950],{},[15,112949,102499],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[24,112952,112953,112954,425],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[419,112955,13,112956,10620],{"href":98219},[15,112957,97014],{},[70,112959,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,112961,8329,112963,112965],{"id":112962},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112964,102499],{}," to change the original set",[24,112967,81689],{},[75,112969,112971],{"className":77,"code":112970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112972,112973,112989,113005,113009,113023],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112974,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112976,2436],{"class":90},[84,112978,95],{"class":94},[84,112980,10371],{"class":102},[84,112982,838],{"class":106},[84,112984,282],{"class":102},[84,112986,304],{"class":106},[84,112988,9188],{"class":102},[84,112990,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,112992,2463],{"class":90},[84,112994,95],{"class":94},[84,112996,10371],{"class":102},[84,112998,568],{"class":106},[84,113000,282],{"class":102},[84,113002,309],{"class":106},[84,113004,9188],{"class":102},[84,113006,113007],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113008,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,113010,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,113012,419],{"class":90},[84,113014,425],{"class":102},[84,113016,110969],{"class":121},[84,113018,103],{"class":102},[84,113020,4634],{"class":121},[84,113022,110],{"class":102},[84,113024,113025,113027,113029,113031],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,113026,116],{"class":98},[84,113028,103],{"class":102},[84,113030,419],{"class":121},[84,113032,110],{"class":102},[24,113034,265],{},[75,113036,113037],{"className":77,"code":100207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,113038,113039],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113040,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113042,9157],{"class":102},[84,113044,838],{"class":106},[84,113046,282],{"class":102},[84,113048,304],{"class":106},[84,113050,9188],{"class":102},[24,113052,8372,113053,113055],{},[15,113054,102499],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[24,113057,113058],{},"Fix it like this:",[75,113060,113062],{"className":77,"code":113061,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113063,113064,113080,113096,113100,113118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113065,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113067,2436],{"class":90},[84,113069,95],{"class":94},[84,113071,10371],{"class":102},[84,113073,838],{"class":106},[84,113075,282],{"class":102},[84,113077,304],{"class":106},[84,113079,9188],{"class":102},[84,113081,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113083,2463],{"class":90},[84,113085,95],{"class":94},[84,113087,10371],{"class":102},[84,113089,568],{"class":106},[84,113091,282],{"class":102},[84,113093,309],{"class":106},[84,113095,9188],{"class":102},[84,113097,113098],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113099,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,113103,2436],{"class":90},[84,113105,95],{"class":94},[84,113107,56755],{"class":90},[84,113109,425],{"class":102},[84,113111,110969],{"class":121},[84,113113,103],{"class":102},[84,113115,4634],{"class":121},[84,113117,110],{"class":102},[84,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,113121,116],{"class":98},[84,113123,103],{"class":102},[84,113125,419],{"class":121},[84,113127,110],{"class":102},[1667,113129,113131],{"id":113130},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[24,113133,113134],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[75,113136,113138],{"className":77,"code":113137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113139,113140,113156,113172,113176],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113141,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113143,2436],{"class":90},[84,113145,95],{"class":94},[84,113147,10371],{"class":102},[84,113149,1162],{"class":106},[84,113151,282],{"class":102},[84,113153,299],{"class":106},[84,113155,9188],{"class":102},[84,113157,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113159,2463],{"class":90},[84,113161,95],{"class":94},[84,113163,10371],{"class":102},[84,113165,568],{"class":106},[84,113167,282],{"class":102},[84,113169,314],{"class":106},[84,113171,9188],{"class":102},[84,113173,113174],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113175,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,113177,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,113179,116],{"class":98},[84,113181,103],{"class":102},[84,113183,419],{"class":121},[84,113185,425],{"class":102},[84,113187,110969],{"class":121},[84,113189,103],{"class":102},[84,113191,4634],{"class":121},[84,113193,232],{"class":102},[24,113195,113196],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1667,113198,113200],{"id":113199},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[75,113202,113204],{"className":77,"code":113203,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113205,113206,113222,113244],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113207,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113209,3943],{"class":90},[84,113211,95],{"class":94},[84,113213,10371],{"class":102},[84,113215,854],{"class":387},[84,113217,57995],{"class":391},[84,113219,854],{"class":387},[84,113221,9188],{"class":102},[84,113223,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113225,2110],{"class":90},[84,113227,95],{"class":94},[84,113229,6040],{"class":90},[84,113231,425],{"class":102},[84,113233,110969],{"class":121},[84,113235,103],{"class":102},[84,113237,854],{"class":387},[84,113239,36919],{"class":391},[84,113241,854],{"class":387},[84,113243,110],{"class":102},[84,113245,113246,113248,113250,113252],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113247,116],{"class":98},[84,113249,103],{"class":102},[84,113251,2145],{"class":121},[84,113253,110],{"class":102},[24,113255,113256,113257,1263,113259,16954,113261,113263,113264,113266],{},"This adds ",[15,113258,66345],{},[15,113260,17979],{},[15,113262,112752],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113265,112736],{}," as one item.",[24,113268,113269],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[75,113271,113273],{"className":77,"code":113272,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113274,113275,113291,113313],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113276,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113278,3943],{"class":90},[84,113280,95],{"class":94},[84,113282,10371],{"class":102},[84,113284,854],{"class":387},[84,113286,57995],{"class":391},[84,113288,854],{"class":387},[84,113290,9188],{"class":102},[84,113292,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113294,2110],{"class":90},[84,113296,95],{"class":94},[84,113298,6040],{"class":90},[84,113300,425],{"class":102},[84,113302,110969],{"class":121},[84,113304,2865],{"class":102},[84,113306,854],{"class":387},[84,113308,36919],{"class":391},[84,113310,854],{"class":387},[84,113312,741],{"class":102},[84,113314,113315,113317,113319,113321],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113316,116],{"class":98},[84,113318,103],{"class":102},[84,113320,2145],{"class":121},[84,113322,110],{"class":102},[1667,113324,113326],{"id":113325},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[24,113328,2717],{},[75,113330,113332],{"className":77,"code":113331,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113333,113334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113335,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113337,15510],{"class":90},[84,113339,95],{"class":94},[84,113341,10371],{"class":102},[84,113343,838],{"class":106},[84,113345,282],{"class":102},[84,113347,304],{"class":106},[84,113349,282],{"class":102},[84,113351,3498],{"class":102},[84,113353,1162],{"class":106},[84,113355,282],{"class":102},[84,113357,314],{"class":106},[84,113359,13589],{"class":102},[24,113361,113362],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[24,113364,113365,113366,881],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113367,102499],{},[75,113369,113371],{"className":77,"code":113370,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113372,113373,113389,113411],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113374,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113376,15510],{"class":90},[84,113378,95],{"class":94},[84,113380,10371],{"class":102},[84,113382,838],{"class":106},[84,113384,282],{"class":102},[84,113386,304],{"class":106},[84,113388,9188],{"class":102},[84,113390,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113392,2110],{"class":90},[84,113394,95],{"class":94},[84,113396,96624],{"class":90},[84,113398,425],{"class":102},[84,113400,110969],{"class":121},[84,113402,2865],{"class":102},[84,113404,1162],{"class":106},[84,113406,282],{"class":102},[84,113408,314],{"class":106},[84,113410,741],{"class":102},[84,113412,113413,113415,113417,113419],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113414,116],{"class":98},[84,113416,103],{"class":102},[84,113418,2145],{"class":121},[84,113420,110],{"class":102},[70,113422,113424],{"id":113423},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[24,113426,113427],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[33,113429,113430,113436,113443,113446],{},[36,113431,113432,113433,113435],{},"call ",[15,113434,102499],{}," without saving the returned set",[36,113437,113438,113439,8582,113441],{},"confuse ",[15,113440,102499],{},[15,113442,14837],{},[36,113444,113445],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[36,113447,113448],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[24,113450,113451,113452,28,113456,425],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[419,113453,13,113454,10620],{"href":102488},[15,113455,106273],{},[419,113457,13,113459,10620],{"href":113458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113460,100119],{},[24,113462,62160],{},[75,113464,113466],{"className":77,"code":113465,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113467,113468,113478,113492,113502],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113469,113470,113472,113474,113476],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113471,116],{"class":98},[84,113473,103],{"class":102},[84,113475,15548],{"class":121},[84,113477,110],{"class":102},[84,113479,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113481,116],{"class":98},[84,113483,103],{"class":102},[84,113485,334],{"class":139},[84,113487,103],{"class":102},[84,113489,15548],{"class":121},[84,113491,232],{"class":102},[84,113493,113494,113496,113498,113500],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113495,116],{"class":98},[84,113497,103],{"class":102},[84,113499,2145],{"class":121},[84,113501,110],{"class":102},[84,113503,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,113505,32029],{"class":98},[84,113507,103],{"class":102},[84,113509,6159],{"class":139},[84,113511,425],{"class":102},[84,113513,110969],{"class":24629},[84,113515,110],{"class":102},[70,113517,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,113519,12586,113521,102439],{"id":113520},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113522,107743],{},[24,113524,102442],{},[1667,113526,5043,113528,113530],{"id":113527},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113529,102499],{}," combine more than two sets?",[24,113532,113533],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1667,113535,28205,113537,113539],{"id":113536},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113538,102499],{}," with a list or tuple?",[24,113541,42024,113542,113544],{},[15,113543,102499],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1667,113546,113548],{"id":113547},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[24,113550,113551],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1667,113553,5053,113555,28,113557,1689],{"id":113554},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113556,102499],{},[15,113558,113559],{},"|",[24,113561,113562,113563,113565,113566,113568],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113564,113559],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113567,102499],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[70,113570,1777],{"id":1776},[33,113572,113573,113577,113583,113589,113595],{},[36,113574,113575],{},[419,113576,96028],{"href":97199},[36,113578,113579],{},[419,113580,13,113581,10620],{"href":98219},[15,113582,97014],{},[36,113584,113585],{},[419,113586,13,113587,10620],{"href":102488},[15,113588,106273],{},[36,113590,113591],{},[419,113592,13,113593,10620],{"href":113458},[15,113594,100119],{},[36,113596,113597],{},[419,113598,100044],{"href":98777},[1814,113600,113601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":113603},[113604,113605,113607,113608,113609,113610,113612,113618,113623,113630,113631,113642],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":111699,"depth":113,"text":113606},"What set.union() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":21852,"depth":113,"text":21853},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":112186,"depth":113,"text":113611},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112344,"depth":113,"text":113613,"children":113614},"Using union() with other iterables",[113615,113616,113617],{"id":112355,"depth":132,"text":112356},{"id":112475,"depth":132,"text":112476},{"id":112617,"depth":132,"text":112618},{"id":112755,"depth":113,"text":113619,"children":113620},"union() vs update()",[113621,113622],{"id":110969,"depth":132,"text":102499},{"id":30340,"depth":132,"text":14837},{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":113624},[113625,113627,113628,113629],{"id":112962,"depth":132,"text":113626},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113130,"depth":132,"text":113131},{"id":113199,"depth":132,"text":113200},{"id":113325,"depth":132,"text":113326},{"id":113423,"depth":113,"text":113424},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":113632},[113633,113635,113637,113639,113640],{"id":113520,"depth":132,"text":113634},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113527,"depth":132,"text":113636},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113536,"depth":132,"text":113638},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113547,"depth":132,"text":113548},{"id":113554,"depth":132,"text":113641},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111579,"description":113643},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113649,"title":113650,"body":113651,"description":115540,"extension":1845,"meta":115541,"navigation":237,"path":96513,"seo":115542,"stem":115543,"__hash__":115544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113652,"toc":115506},[113653,113658,113663,113671,113673,113731,113736,113741,113745,113757,113760,113834,113839,113841,113843,113862,113864,113881,113884,113911,113913,113983,113987,113989,113995,113997,114058,114063,114065,114122,114126,114131,114196,114198,114218,114225,114229,114234,114319,114322,114329,114432,114436,114441,114499,114502,114513,114527,114534,114592,114599,114602,114612,114616,114674,114678,114744,114747,114805,114812,114819,114822,114826,114835,114904,114908,114914,115002,115012,115016,115020,115024,115027,115088,115093,115150,115154,115156,115191,115198,115200,115254,115261,115265,115268,115333,115342,115348,115405,115407,115412,115416,115420,115423,115430,115438,115442,115447,115451,115457,115459,115494,115503],[10,113654,95900,113656,11201],{"id":113655},"python-set-update-method",[15,113657,14837],{},[24,113659,113660,113662],{},[15,113661,97014],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[24,113664,113665,113666,113670],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[419,113667,113668],{"href":98200},[15,113669,95908],{},", which adds only one item.",[70,113672,73],{"id":72},[75,113674,113676],{"className":77,"code":113675,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113677,113678,113694,113716,113726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113679,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113681,91],{"class":90},[84,113683,95],{"class":94},[84,113685,10371],{"class":102},[84,113687,838],{"class":106},[84,113689,282],{"class":102},[84,113691,304],{"class":106},[84,113693,9188],{"class":102},[84,113695,113696,113698,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113697,122],{"class":90},[84,113699,425],{"class":102},[84,113701,30340],{"class":121},[84,113703,2865],{"class":102},[84,113705,568],{"class":106},[84,113707,282],{"class":102},[84,113709,309],{"class":106},[84,113711,282],{"class":102},[84,113713,314],{"class":106},[84,113715,741],{"class":102},[84,113717,113718,113720,113722,113724],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113719,116],{"class":98},[84,113721,103],{"class":102},[84,113723,122],{"class":121},[84,113725,110],{"class":102},[84,113727,113728],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,113729,113730],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[24,113732,153,113733,113735],{},[15,113734,14837],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[70,113737,429,113739,3554],{"id":113738},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113740,97014],{},[24,113742,113743,881],{},[15,113744,97014],{},[33,113746,113747,113750,113752,113755],{},[36,113748,113749],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[36,113751,96015],{},[36,113753,113754],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[36,113756,96018],{},[24,113758,113759],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[75,113761,113763],{"className":77,"code":113762,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113764,113765,113789,113815,113819,113829],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113766,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113768,12959],{"class":90},[84,113770,95],{"class":94},[84,113772,10371],{"class":102},[84,113774,854],{"class":387},[84,113776,12976],{"class":391},[84,113778,854],{"class":387},[84,113780,282],{"class":102},[84,113782,3230],{"class":387},[84,113784,12993],{"class":391},[84,113786,854],{"class":387},[84,113788,9188],{"class":102},[84,113790,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811,113813],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113792,17385],{"class":90},[84,113794,425],{"class":102},[84,113796,30340],{"class":121},[84,113798,2865],{"class":102},[84,113800,854],{"class":387},[84,113802,12993],{"class":391},[84,113804,854],{"class":387},[84,113806,282],{"class":102},[84,113808,3230],{"class":387},[84,113810,17338],{"class":391},[84,113812,854],{"class":387},[84,113814,741],{"class":102},[84,113816,113817],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113818,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,113820,113821,113823,113825,113827],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,113822,116],{"class":98},[84,113824,103],{"class":102},[84,113826,17385],{"class":121},[84,113828,110],{"class":102},[84,113830,113831],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,113832,113833],{"class":128},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[24,113835,20861,113836,113838],{},[15,113837,110734],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[70,113840,2038],{"id":2037},[24,113842,7093],{},[75,113844,113846],{"className":77,"code":113845,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113847,113848],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113849,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113851,15548],{"class":90},[84,113853,425],{"class":102},[84,113855,30340],{"class":121},[84,113857,103],{"class":102},[84,113859,3595],{"class":121},[84,113861,110],{"class":102},[24,113863,80066],{},[33,113865,113866,113869,113872,113875,113878],{},[36,113867,113868],{},"A list",[36,113870,113871],{},"A tuple",[36,113873,113874],{},"Another set",[36,113876,113877],{},"A string",[36,113879,113880],{},"Any other iterable",[24,113882,113883],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[75,113885,113887],{"className":77,"code":113886,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113888,113889],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113890,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907,113909],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113892,15548],{"class":90},[84,113894,425],{"class":102},[84,113896,30340],{"class":121},[84,113898,103],{"class":102},[84,113900,419],{"class":121},[84,113902,282],{"class":102},[84,113904,2441],{"class":121},[84,113906,282],{"class":102},[84,113908,9561],{"class":121},[84,113910,110],{"class":102},[24,113912,190],{},[75,113914,113916],{"className":77,"code":113915,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113917,113918,113930,113964,113968,113978],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113919,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113921,3698],{"class":90},[84,113923,95],{"class":94},[84,113925,10371],{"class":102},[84,113927,838],{"class":106},[84,113929,9188],{"class":102},[84,113931,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,113933,5233],{"class":90},[84,113935,425],{"class":102},[84,113937,30340],{"class":121},[84,113939,2865],{"class":102},[84,113941,568],{"class":106},[84,113943,282],{"class":102},[84,113945,309],{"class":106},[84,113947,17945],{"class":102},[84,113949,9115],{"class":102},[84,113951,2386],{"class":106},[84,113953,282],{"class":102},[84,113955,285],{"class":106},[84,113957,9112],{"class":102},[84,113959,10371],{"class":102},[84,113961,617],{"class":106},[84,113963,30372],{"class":102},[84,113965,113966],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,113967,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,113969,113970,113972,113974,113976],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,113971,116],{"class":98},[84,113973,103],{"class":102},[84,113975,5233],{"class":121},[84,113977,110],{"class":102},[84,113979,113980],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,113981,113982],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[24,113984,96024,113985,425],{},[419,113986,96032],{"href":97583},[70,113988,21853],{"id":21852},[24,113990,113991,2279,113993,425],{},[15,113992,97014],{},[15,113994,3653],{},[24,113996,11595],{},[75,113998,114000],{"className":77,"code":113999,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114001,114002,114018,114040,114044,114054],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114003,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014,114016],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114005,91],{"class":90},[84,114007,95],{"class":94},[84,114009,10371],{"class":102},[84,114011,838],{"class":106},[84,114013,282],{"class":102},[84,114015,304],{"class":106},[84,114017,9188],{"class":102},[84,114019,114020,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114021,2110],{"class":90},[84,114023,95],{"class":94},[84,114025,4137],{"class":90},[84,114027,425],{"class":102},[84,114029,30340],{"class":121},[84,114031,2865],{"class":102},[84,114033,1162],{"class":106},[84,114035,282],{"class":102},[84,114037,314],{"class":106},[84,114039,741],{"class":102},[84,114041,114042],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114043,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114045,114046,114048,114050,114052],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114047,116],{"class":98},[84,114049,103],{"class":102},[84,114051,2145],{"class":121},[84,114053,110],{"class":102},[84,114055,114056],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114057,61697],{"class":128},[24,114059,114060,114061,425],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114062,2145],{},[24,114064,18852],{},[75,114066,114068],{"className":77,"code":114067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114069,114070,114086,114104,114108,114118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114071,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114073,91],{"class":90},[84,114075,95],{"class":94},[84,114077,10371],{"class":102},[84,114079,838],{"class":106},[84,114081,282],{"class":102},[84,114083,304],{"class":106},[84,114085,9188],{"class":102},[84,114087,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114089,122],{"class":90},[84,114091,425],{"class":102},[84,114093,30340],{"class":121},[84,114095,2865],{"class":102},[84,114097,1162],{"class":106},[84,114099,282],{"class":102},[84,114101,314],{"class":106},[84,114103,741],{"class":102},[84,114105,114106],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114107,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114109,114110,114112,114114,114116],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114111,116],{"class":98},[84,114113,103],{"class":102},[84,114115,122],{"class":121},[84,114117,110],{"class":102},[84,114119,114120],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114121,113730],{"class":128},[70,114123,114125],{"id":114124},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[24,114127,114128,114129,425],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114130,14837],{},[75,114132,114134],{"className":77,"code":114133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114135,114136,114152,114178,114182,114192],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114137,114138,114140,114142,114144,114146,114148,114150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114139,91],{"class":90},[84,114141,95],{"class":94},[84,114143,10371],{"class":102},[84,114145,838],{"class":106},[84,114147,282],{"class":102},[84,114149,304],{"class":106},[84,114151,9188],{"class":102},[84,114153,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114155,122],{"class":90},[84,114157,425],{"class":102},[84,114159,30340],{"class":121},[84,114161,2865],{"class":102},[84,114163,568],{"class":106},[84,114165,282],{"class":102},[84,114167,309],{"class":106},[84,114169,282],{"class":102},[84,114171,314],{"class":106},[84,114173,282],{"class":102},[84,114175,314],{"class":106},[84,114177,741],{"class":102},[84,114179,114180],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114181,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114183,114184,114186,114188,114190],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114185,116],{"class":98},[84,114187,103],{"class":102},[84,114189,122],{"class":121},[84,114191,110],{"class":102},[84,114193,114194],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114195,113730],{"class":128},[24,114197,11564],{},[33,114199,114200,114205,114212],{},[36,114201,114202,114204],{},[15,114203,568],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[36,114206,114207,28,114209,114211],{},[15,114208,1162],{},[15,114210,2386],{}," are added",[36,114213,114214,114215,114217],{},"The second ",[15,114216,2386],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[24,114219,114220,114221,114224],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[419,114222,114223],{"href":98777},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[70,114226,114228],{"id":114227},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[24,114230,7639,114231,114233],{},[15,114232,14837],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[75,114235,114237],{"className":77,"code":114236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114238,114239,114260,114281,114285,114301,114305,114315],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114240,114241,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114242,114243],{"class":90},"set_a ",[84,114245,95],{"class":94},[84,114247,10371],{"class":102},[84,114249,838],{"class":106},[84,114251,282],{"class":102},[84,114253,304],{"class":106},[84,114255,282],{"class":102},[84,114257,309],{"class":106},[84,114259,9188],{"class":102},[84,114261,114262,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114263,114264],{"class":90},"set_b ",[84,114266,95],{"class":94},[84,114268,10371],{"class":102},[84,114270,1162],{"class":106},[84,114272,282],{"class":102},[84,114274,314],{"class":106},[84,114276,282],{"class":102},[84,114278,285],{"class":106},[84,114280,9188],{"class":102},[84,114282,114283],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114284,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114286,114287,114290,114292,114294,114296,114299],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114288,114289],{"class":90},"set_a",[84,114291,425],{"class":102},[84,114293,30340],{"class":121},[84,114295,103],{"class":102},[84,114297,114298],{"class":121},"set_b",[84,114300,110],{"class":102},[84,114302,114303],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114304,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114306,114307,114309,114311,114313],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,114308,116],{"class":98},[84,114310,103],{"class":102},[84,114312,114289],{"class":121},[84,114314,110],{"class":102},[84,114316,114317],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,114318,111691],{"class":128},[24,114320,114321],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[24,114323,114324,114325,425],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[419,114326,114327],{"href":102496},[15,114328,107743],{},[75,114330,114332],{"className":77,"code":114331,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114333,114334,114354,114374,114378,114398,114402,114413,114417,114427],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114335,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114337,114243],{"class":90},[84,114339,95],{"class":94},[84,114341,10371],{"class":102},[84,114343,838],{"class":106},[84,114345,282],{"class":102},[84,114347,304],{"class":106},[84,114349,282],{"class":102},[84,114351,309],{"class":106},[84,114353,9188],{"class":102},[84,114355,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368,114370,114372],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114357,114264],{"class":90},[84,114359,95],{"class":94},[84,114361,10371],{"class":102},[84,114363,1162],{"class":106},[84,114365,282],{"class":102},[84,114367,314],{"class":106},[84,114369,282],{"class":102},[84,114371,285],{"class":106},[84,114373,9188],{"class":102},[84,114375,114376],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114377,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114379,114380,114383,114385,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114381,114382],{"class":90},"combined ",[84,114384,95],{"class":94},[84,114386,114387],{"class":90}," set_a",[84,114389,425],{"class":102},[84,114391,110969],{"class":121},[84,114393,103],{"class":102},[84,114395,114298],{"class":121},[84,114397,110],{"class":102},[84,114399,114400],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114401,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114403,114404,114406,114408,114411],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,114405,116],{"class":98},[84,114407,103],{"class":102},[84,114409,114410],{"class":121},"combined",[84,114412,110],{"class":102},[84,114414,114415],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,114416,111691],{"class":128},[84,114418,114419,114421,114423,114425],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,114420,116],{"class":98},[84,114422,103],{"class":102},[84,114424,114289],{"class":121},[84,114426,110],{"class":102},[84,114428,114429],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,114430,114431],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[70,114433,114435],{"id":114434},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[24,114437,64604,114438,114440],{},[15,114439,14837],{}," adds each character separately.",[75,114442,114444],{"className":77,"code":114443,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114445,114446,114462,114480,114484,114494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114447,114448,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114449,35967],{"class":90},[84,114451,95],{"class":94},[84,114453,10371],{"class":102},[84,114455,854],{"class":387},[84,114457,2055],{"class":391},[84,114459,854],{"class":387},[84,114461,9188],{"class":102},[84,114463,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114465,36019],{"class":90},[84,114467,425],{"class":102},[84,114469,30340],{"class":121},[84,114471,103],{"class":102},[84,114473,854],{"class":387},[84,114475,36919],{"class":391},[84,114477,854],{"class":387},[84,114479,110],{"class":102},[84,114481,114482],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114483,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114485,114486,114488,114490,114492],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114487,116],{"class":98},[84,114489,103],{"class":102},[84,114491,36019],{"class":121},[84,114493,110],{"class":102},[84,114495,114496],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114497,114498],{"class":128},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[24,114500,114501],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[24,114503,114504,13937,114507,114509,114510,114512],{},[15,114505,114506],{},"update(\"cat\")",[42,114508,1367],{}," add ",[15,114511,112736],{}," as one item. It adds:",[33,114514,114515,114519,114523],{},[36,114516,114517],{},[15,114518,66345],{},[36,114520,114521],{},[15,114522,17979],{},[36,114524,114525],{},[15,114526,112752],{},[24,114528,114529,114530,881],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[419,114531,114532],{"href":98200},[15,114533,95908],{},[75,114535,114537],{"className":77,"code":114536,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114538,114539,114555,114573,114577,114587],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114540,114541,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114542,3943],{"class":90},[84,114544,95],{"class":94},[84,114546,10371],{"class":102},[84,114548,854],{"class":387},[84,114550,57995],{"class":391},[84,114552,854],{"class":387},[84,114554,9188],{"class":102},[84,114556,114557,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114558,3987],{"class":90},[84,114560,425],{"class":102},[84,114562,81968],{"class":121},[84,114564,103],{"class":102},[84,114566,854],{"class":387},[84,114568,36919],{"class":391},[84,114570,854],{"class":387},[84,114572,110],{"class":102},[84,114574,114575],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114576,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114578,114579,114581,114583,114585],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114580,116],{"class":98},[84,114582,103],{"class":102},[84,114584,3987],{"class":121},[84,114586,110],{"class":102},[84,114588,114589],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114590,114591],{"class":128},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[70,114593,114595,18,114597],{"id":114594},"update-vs-add",[15,114596,14837],{},[15,114598,95903],{},[24,114600,114601],{},"The difference is simple:",[33,114603,114604,114608],{},[36,114605,114606,96502],{},[15,114607,95903],{},[36,114609,114610,96507],{},[15,114611,14837],{},[24,114613,45912,114614,881],{},[15,114615,95903],{},[75,114617,114619],{"className":77,"code":114618,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114620,114621,114637,114655,114659,114669],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114622,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114624,36113],{"class":90},[84,114626,95],{"class":94},[84,114628,10371],{"class":102},[84,114630,854],{"class":387},[84,114632,3952],{"class":391},[84,114634,854],{"class":387},[84,114636,9188],{"class":102},[84,114638,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114640,36165],{"class":90},[84,114642,425],{"class":102},[84,114644,81968],{"class":121},[84,114646,103],{"class":102},[84,114648,854],{"class":387},[84,114650,3961],{"class":391},[84,114652,854],{"class":387},[84,114654,110],{"class":102},[84,114656,114657],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114658,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114660,114661,114663,114665,114667],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114662,116],{"class":98},[84,114664,103],{"class":102},[84,114666,36165],{"class":121},[84,114668,110],{"class":102},[84,114670,114671],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114672,114673],{"class":128},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[24,114675,45912,114676,881],{},[15,114677,14837],{},[75,114679,114681],{"className":77,"code":114680,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114682,114683,114699,114725,114729,114739],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114684,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114686,36113],{"class":90},[84,114688,95],{"class":94},[84,114690,10371],{"class":102},[84,114692,854],{"class":387},[84,114694,3952],{"class":391},[84,114696,854],{"class":387},[84,114698,9188],{"class":102},[84,114700,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715,114717,114719,114721,114723],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114702,36165],{"class":90},[84,114704,425],{"class":102},[84,114706,30340],{"class":121},[84,114708,2865],{"class":102},[84,114710,854],{"class":387},[84,114712,3961],{"class":391},[84,114714,854],{"class":387},[84,114716,282],{"class":102},[84,114718,3230],{"class":387},[84,114720,33098],{"class":391},[84,114722,854],{"class":387},[84,114724,741],{"class":102},[84,114726,114727],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114728,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114730,114731,114733,114735,114737],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114732,116],{"class":98},[84,114734,103],{"class":102},[84,114736,36165],{"class":121},[84,114738,110],{"class":102},[84,114740,114741],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114742,114743],{"class":128},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[24,114745,114746],{},"Important warning with strings:",[75,114748,114750],{"className":77,"code":114749,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114751,114752,114768,114786,114790,114800],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114753,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114755,36113],{"class":90},[84,114757,95],{"class":94},[84,114759,10371],{"class":102},[84,114761,854],{"class":387},[84,114763,3952],{"class":391},[84,114765,854],{"class":387},[84,114767,9188],{"class":102},[84,114769,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114771,36165],{"class":90},[84,114773,425],{"class":102},[84,114775,30340],{"class":121},[84,114777,103],{"class":102},[84,114779,854],{"class":387},[84,114781,38211],{"class":391},[84,114783,854],{"class":387},[84,114785,110],{"class":102},[84,114787,114788],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114789,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114791,114792,114794,114796,114798],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114793,116],{"class":98},[84,114795,103],{"class":102},[84,114797,36165],{"class":121},[84,114799,110],{"class":102},[84,114801,114802],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114803,114804],{"class":128},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[24,114806,61972,114807,62045,114810,6505],{},[15,114808,114809],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114811,95903],{},[70,114813,114815,18,114817],{"id":114814},"update-vs-union",[15,114816,14837],{},[15,114818,102499],{},[24,114820,114821],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1667,114823,114824],{"id":30340},[15,114825,14837],{},[33,114827,114828,114831],{},[36,114829,114830],{},"Changes the existing set",[36,114832,11303,114833],{},[15,114834,3653],{},[75,114836,114838],{"className":77,"code":114837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114839,114840,114856,114872,114876,114890,114900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114841,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114843,2436],{"class":90},[84,114845,95],{"class":94},[84,114847,10371],{"class":102},[84,114849,838],{"class":106},[84,114851,282],{"class":102},[84,114853,304],{"class":106},[84,114855,9188],{"class":102},[84,114857,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114859,2463],{"class":90},[84,114861,95],{"class":94},[84,114863,10371],{"class":102},[84,114865,568],{"class":106},[84,114867,282],{"class":102},[84,114869,309],{"class":106},[84,114871,9188],{"class":102},[84,114873,114874],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114875,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114877,114878,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114879,419],{"class":90},[84,114881,425],{"class":102},[84,114883,30340],{"class":121},[84,114885,103],{"class":102},[84,114887,4634],{"class":121},[84,114889,110],{"class":102},[84,114891,114892,114894,114896,114898],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114893,116],{"class":98},[84,114895,103],{"class":102},[84,114897,419],{"class":121},[84,114899,110],{"class":102},[84,114901,114902],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,114903,114431],{"class":128},[1667,114905,114906],{"id":110969},[15,114907,102499],{},[33,114909,114910,114912],{},[36,114911,101037],{},[36,114913,101040],{},[75,114915,114917],{"className":77,"code":114916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114918,114919,114935,114951,114955,114973,114983,114987,114997],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114920,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114922,2436],{"class":90},[84,114924,95],{"class":94},[84,114926,10371],{"class":102},[84,114928,838],{"class":106},[84,114930,282],{"class":102},[84,114932,304],{"class":106},[84,114934,9188],{"class":102},[84,114936,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,114938,2463],{"class":90},[84,114940,95],{"class":94},[84,114942,10371],{"class":102},[84,114944,568],{"class":106},[84,114946,282],{"class":102},[84,114948,309],{"class":106},[84,114950,9188],{"class":102},[84,114952,114953],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,114954,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,114956,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,114958,83048],{"class":90},[84,114960,95],{"class":94},[84,114962,56755],{"class":90},[84,114964,425],{"class":102},[84,114966,110969],{"class":121},[84,114968,103],{"class":102},[84,114970,4634],{"class":121},[84,114972,110],{"class":102},[84,114974,114975,114977,114979,114981],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,114976,116],{"class":98},[84,114978,103],{"class":102},[84,114980,9619],{"class":121},[84,114982,110],{"class":102},[84,114984,114985],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,114986,114431],{"class":128},[84,114988,114989,114991,114993,114995],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,114990,116],{"class":98},[84,114992,103],{"class":102},[84,114994,419],{"class":121},[84,114996,110],{"class":102},[84,114998,114999],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,115000,115001],{"class":128},"# {1, 2}\n",[24,115003,107385,115004,115006,115007,115011],{},[15,115005,14837],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[419,115008,115009],{"href":102496},[15,115010,102499],{}," when you want a new set.",[70,115013,115015],{"id":115014},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[24,115017,10627,115018,425],{},[15,115019,97014],{},[1667,115021,115023],{"id":115022},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[24,115025,115026],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[75,115028,115030],{"className":77,"code":115029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115031,115032,115048,115070,115074,115084],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115033,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115035,15510],{"class":90},[84,115037,95],{"class":94},[84,115039,10371],{"class":102},[84,115041,838],{"class":106},[84,115043,282],{"class":102},[84,115045,304],{"class":106},[84,115047,9188],{"class":102},[84,115049,115050,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115051,2110],{"class":90},[84,115053,95],{"class":94},[84,115055,96624],{"class":90},[84,115057,425],{"class":102},[84,115059,30340],{"class":121},[84,115061,2865],{"class":102},[84,115063,1162],{"class":106},[84,115065,282],{"class":102},[84,115067,314],{"class":106},[84,115069,741],{"class":102},[84,115071,115072],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115073,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115075,115076,115078,115080,115082],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115077,116],{"class":98},[84,115079,103],{"class":102},[84,115081,2145],{"class":121},[84,115083,110],{"class":102},[84,115085,115086],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115087,61697],{"class":128},[24,115089,115090,115091,881],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115092,14837],{},[75,115094,115096],{"className":77,"code":115095,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115097,115098,115114,115132,115136,115146],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115099,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115101,15510],{"class":90},[84,115103,95],{"class":94},[84,115105,10371],{"class":102},[84,115107,838],{"class":106},[84,115109,282],{"class":102},[84,115111,304],{"class":106},[84,115113,9188],{"class":102},[84,115115,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115117,15548],{"class":90},[84,115119,425],{"class":102},[84,115121,30340],{"class":121},[84,115123,2865],{"class":102},[84,115125,1162],{"class":106},[84,115127,282],{"class":102},[84,115129,314],{"class":106},[84,115131,741],{"class":102},[84,115133,115134],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115135,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115137,115138,115140,115142,115144],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115139,116],{"class":98},[84,115141,103],{"class":102},[84,115143,15548],{"class":121},[84,115145,110],{"class":102},[84,115147,115148],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115149,113730],{"class":128},[1667,115151,115153],{"id":115152},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[24,115155,2717],{},[75,115157,115159],{"className":77,"code":115158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115160,115161,115177],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115162,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115164,15510],{"class":90},[84,115166,95],{"class":94},[84,115168,10371],{"class":102},[84,115170,838],{"class":106},[84,115172,282],{"class":102},[84,115174,304],{"class":106},[84,115176,9188],{"class":102},[84,115178,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115180,15548],{"class":90},[84,115182,425],{"class":102},[84,115184,30340],{"class":121},[84,115186,103],{"class":102},[84,115188,107],{"class":106},[84,115190,110],{"class":102},[24,115192,62151,115193,8478,115195,115197],{},[15,115194,2884],{},[15,115196,107],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[24,115199,6428],{},[75,115201,115203],{"className":77,"code":115202,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115204,115205,115221,115235,115239,115249],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115206,115207,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115208,15510],{"class":90},[84,115210,95],{"class":94},[84,115212,10371],{"class":102},[84,115214,838],{"class":106},[84,115216,282],{"class":102},[84,115218,304],{"class":106},[84,115220,9188],{"class":102},[84,115222,115223,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115224,15548],{"class":90},[84,115226,425],{"class":102},[84,115228,30340],{"class":121},[84,115230,2865],{"class":102},[84,115232,107],{"class":106},[84,115234,741],{"class":102},[84,115236,115237],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115238,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115240,115241,115243,115245,115247],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115242,116],{"class":98},[84,115244,103],{"class":102},[84,115246,15548],{"class":121},[84,115248,110],{"class":102},[84,115250,115251],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115252,115253],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[24,115255,45785,115256,425],{},[419,115257,1278,115258],{"href":52469},[15,115259,115260],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1667,115262,115264],{"id":115263},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[24,115266,115267],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[75,115269,115271],{"className":77,"code":115270,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115272,115273,115289,115315,115319,115329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115274,115275,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115276,15510],{"class":90},[84,115278,95],{"class":94},[84,115280,10371],{"class":102},[84,115282,838],{"class":106},[84,115284,282],{"class":102},[84,115286,304],{"class":106},[84,115288,9188],{"class":102},[84,115290,115291,115293,115295,115297,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311,115313],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115292,15548],{"class":90},[84,115294,425],{"class":102},[84,115296,30340],{"class":121},[84,115298,2865],{"class":102},[84,115300,568],{"class":106},[84,115302,282],{"class":102},[84,115304,304],{"class":106},[84,115306,282],{"class":102},[84,115308,304],{"class":106},[84,115310,282],{"class":102},[84,115312,309],{"class":106},[84,115314,741],{"class":102},[84,115316,115317],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115318,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115320,115321,115323,115325,115327],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115322,116],{"class":98},[84,115324,103],{"class":102},[84,115326,15548],{"class":121},[84,115328,110],{"class":102},[84,115330,115331],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115332,114431],{"class":128},[1667,115334,115336,115337,44502,115339,115341],{"id":115335},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115338,14837],{},[15,115340,95903],{}," is better",[24,115343,115344,115345,115347],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115346,95903],{}," is usually the better choice.",[75,115349,115351],{"className":77,"code":115350,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115352,115353,115369,115387,115391,115401],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115354,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115356,15510],{"class":90},[84,115358,95],{"class":94},[84,115360,10371],{"class":102},[84,115362,854],{"class":387},[84,115364,57995],{"class":391},[84,115366,854],{"class":387},[84,115368,9188],{"class":102},[84,115370,115371,115373,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115372,15548],{"class":90},[84,115374,425],{"class":102},[84,115376,81968],{"class":121},[84,115378,103],{"class":102},[84,115380,854],{"class":387},[84,115382,36919],{"class":391},[84,115384,854],{"class":387},[84,115386,110],{"class":102},[84,115388,115389],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115390,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115392,115393,115395,115397,115399],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115394,116],{"class":98},[84,115396,103],{"class":102},[84,115398,15548],{"class":121},[84,115400,110],{"class":102},[84,115402,115403],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115404,114591],{"class":128},[70,115406,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,115408,12586,115410,96993],{"id":115409},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115411,97014],{},[24,115413,96996,115414,425],{},[15,115415,3653],{},[1667,115417,28205,115418,32103],{"id":32100},[15,115419,14837],{},[24,115421,115422],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1667,115424,5053,115426,28,115428,1689],{"id":115425},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115427,95903],{},[15,115429,14837],{},[24,115431,115432,115434,115435,115437],{},[15,115433,95903],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115436,14837],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1667,115439,115441],{"id":115440},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[24,115443,115444,115445,114440],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115446,14837],{},[1667,115448,115450],{"id":115449},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[24,115452,153,115453,1686,115455,425],{},[15,115454,102499],{},[15,115456,14837],{},[70,115458,1777],{"id":1776},[33,115460,115461,115468,115475,115481,115487],{},[36,115462,115463],{},[419,115464,115465],{"href":98200},[15,115466,115467],{},"Python set add() method",[36,115469,115470],{},[419,115471,115472],{"href":102496},[15,115473,115474],{},"Python set union() method",[36,115476,115477],{},[419,115478,115479],{"href":97583},[15,115480,97038],{},[36,115482,115483],{},[419,115484,115485],{"href":98777},[15,115486,100044],{},[36,115488,115489],{},[419,115490,115491,115493],{"href":52469},[15,115492,115260],{}," fix",[24,115495,115496,115497,115499,115500,115502],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115498,95908],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115501,107743],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1814,115504,115505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":115507},[115508,115509,115511,115512,115513,115514,115515,115516,115518,115523,115530,115539],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":113738,"depth":113,"text":115510},"What set.update() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":21852,"depth":113,"text":21853},{"id":114124,"depth":113,"text":114125},{"id":114227,"depth":113,"text":114228},{"id":114434,"depth":113,"text":114435},{"id":114594,"depth":113,"text":115517},"update() vs add()",{"id":114814,"depth":113,"text":115519,"children":115520},"update() vs union()",[115521,115522],{"id":30340,"depth":132,"text":14837},{"id":110969,"depth":132,"text":102499},{"id":115014,"depth":113,"text":115015,"children":115524},[115525,115526,115527,115528],{"id":115022,"depth":132,"text":115023},{"id":115152,"depth":132,"text":115153},{"id":115263,"depth":132,"text":115264},{"id":115335,"depth":132,"text":115529},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":115531},[115532,115534,115535,115537,115538],{"id":115409,"depth":132,"text":115533},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32100,"depth":132,"text":32173},{"id":115425,"depth":132,"text":115536},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115440,"depth":132,"text":115441},{"id":115449,"depth":132,"text":115450},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113650,"description":115540},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115546,"title":115547,"body":115548,"description":117314,"extension":1845,"meta":117315,"navigation":237,"path":13673,"seo":117316,"stem":117317,"__hash__":117318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115549,"toc":117289},[115550,115553,115556,115559,115570,115578,115581,115583,115732,115744,115748,115765,115769,115777,115779,115790,115792,115889,115895,115898,115994,116003,116008,116012,116017,116019,116029,116031,116140,116148,116152,116155,116158,116175,116181,116261,116264,116268,116271,116275,116278,116337,116340,116344,116347,116439,116443,116446,116553,116557,116563,116591,116593,116675,116685,116689,116692,116703,116706,116791,116794,116799,116803,116806,116817,116820,116962,116965,116969,116972,116986,116989,117050,117056,117058,117061,117083,117086,117186,117189,117221,117223,117227,117230,117232,117235,117239,117242,117246,117249,117253,117256,117258,117286],[10,115551,115547],{"id":115552},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[24,115554,115555],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[24,115557,115558],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[33,115560,115561,115564,115567],{},[36,115562,115563],{},"a list inside another list",[36,115565,115566],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[36,115568,115569],{},"a list of dictionaries",[24,115571,99966,115572,28,115574,115577],{},[42,115573,12733],{},[42,115575,115576],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[24,115579,115580],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[70,115582,1887],{"id":1886},[75,115584,115586],{"className":77,"code":115585,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115587,115588,115595,115599,115625,115645,115665,115669,115687,115691,115704,115718],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115589,115590,115592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115591,34968],{"class":470},[84,115593,115594],{"class":90}," copy\n",[84,115596,115597],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115598,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115600,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115602,11967],{"class":90},[84,115604,95],{"class":94},[84,115606,56161],{"class":102},[84,115608,838],{"class":106},[84,115610,282],{"class":102},[84,115612,304],{"class":106},[84,115614,17945],{"class":102},[84,115616,3498],{"class":102},[84,115618,1162],{"class":106},[84,115620,282],{"class":102},[84,115622,314],{"class":106},[84,115624,53111],{"class":102},[84,115626,115627,115630,115632,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115628,115629],{"class":90},"shallow ",[84,115631,95],{"class":94},[84,115633,115634],{"class":90}," copy",[84,115636,425],{"class":102},[84,115638,12794],{"class":121},[84,115640,103],{"class":102},[84,115642,12014],{"class":121},[84,115644,110],{"class":102},[84,115646,115647,115650,115652,115654,115656,115659,115661,115663],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115648,115649],{"class":90},"deep ",[84,115651,95],{"class":94},[84,115653,115634],{"class":90},[84,115655,425],{"class":102},[84,115657,115658],{"class":121},"deepcopy",[84,115660,103],{"class":102},[84,115662,12014],{"class":121},[84,115664,110],{"class":102},[84,115666,115667],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,115668,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115670,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,115672,12014],{"class":90},[84,115674,292],{"class":102},[84,115676,279],{"class":106},[84,115678,13434],{"class":102},[84,115680,998],{"class":121},[84,115682,103],{"class":102},[84,115684,56214],{"class":106},[84,115686,110],{"class":102},[84,115688,115689],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,115690,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115692,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,115694,116],{"class":98},[84,115696,103],{"class":102},[84,115698,12014],{"class":121},[84,115700,125],{"class":102},[84,115702,115703],{"class":128},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[84,115705,115706,115708,115710,115713,115715],{"class":86,"line":6310},[84,115707,116],{"class":98},[84,115709,103],{"class":102},[84,115711,115712],{"class":121},"shallow",[84,115714,125],{"class":102},[84,115716,115717],{"class":128},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[84,115719,115720,115722,115724,115727,115729],{"class":86,"line":11475},[84,115721,116],{"class":98},[84,115723,103],{"class":102},[84,115725,115726],{"class":121},"deep",[84,115728,125],{"class":102},[84,115730,115731],{"class":128},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[24,115733,153,115734,115737,115738,28,115740,115743],{},[15,115735,115736],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[42,115739,12733],{},[15,115741,115742],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[70,115745,115747],{"id":115746},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[33,115749,115750,115753,115756,115759,115762],{},[36,115751,115752],{},"What a copy means in Python",[36,115754,115755],{},"How shallow copy works",[36,115757,115758],{},"How deep copy works",[36,115760,115761],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[36,115763,115764],{},"When to use each approach",[70,115766,115768],{"id":115767},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[24,115770,15072,115771,115773,115774,115776],{},[42,115772,12733],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[42,115775,1367],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[24,115778,1074],{},[33,115780,115781,115784,115787],{},[36,115782,115783],{},"the outer container is new",[36,115785,115786],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[36,115788,115789],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[24,115791,190],{},[75,115793,115795],{"className":77,"code":115794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115796,115797,115823,115837,115841,115859,115863,115876],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115798,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115800,11967],{"class":90},[84,115802,95],{"class":94},[84,115804,56161],{"class":102},[84,115806,838],{"class":106},[84,115808,282],{"class":102},[84,115810,304],{"class":106},[84,115812,17945],{"class":102},[84,115814,3498],{"class":102},[84,115816,1162],{"class":106},[84,115818,282],{"class":102},[84,115820,314],{"class":106},[84,115822,53111],{"class":102},[84,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115826,14195],{"class":90},[84,115828,95],{"class":94},[84,115830,12042],{"class":90},[84,115832,425],{"class":102},[84,115834,12794],{"class":121},[84,115836,8520],{"class":102},[84,115838,115839],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115840,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115842,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115844,14214],{"class":90},[84,115846,425],{"class":102},[84,115848,998],{"class":121},[84,115850,2865],{"class":102},[84,115852,107],{"class":106},[84,115854,282],{"class":102},[84,115856,843],{"class":106},[84,115858,741],{"class":102},[84,115860,115861],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115862,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115864,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,115866,116],{"class":98},[84,115868,103],{"class":102},[84,115870,12014],{"class":121},[84,115872,125],{"class":102},[84,115874,115875],{"class":128},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[84,115877,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,115879,116],{"class":98},[84,115881,103],{"class":102},[84,115883,14214],{"class":121},[84,115885,125],{"class":102},[84,115887,115888],{"class":128},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[24,115890,115891,115892,115894],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115893,14214],{},", because the outer list is different.",[24,115896,115897],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[75,115899,115901],{"className":77,"code":115900,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115902,115903,115929,115943,115947,115965,115969,115981],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115904,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923,115925,115927],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115906,11967],{"class":90},[84,115908,95],{"class":94},[84,115910,56161],{"class":102},[84,115912,838],{"class":106},[84,115914,282],{"class":102},[84,115916,304],{"class":106},[84,115918,17945],{"class":102},[84,115920,3498],{"class":102},[84,115922,1162],{"class":106},[84,115924,282],{"class":102},[84,115926,314],{"class":106},[84,115928,53111],{"class":102},[84,115930,115931,115933,115935,115937,115939,115941],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,115932,14195],{"class":90},[84,115934,95],{"class":94},[84,115936,12042],{"class":90},[84,115938,425],{"class":102},[84,115940,12794],{"class":121},[84,115942,8520],{"class":102},[84,115944,115945],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,115946,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115948,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,115950,14214],{"class":90},[84,115952,292],{"class":102},[84,115954,279],{"class":106},[84,115956,13434],{"class":102},[84,115958,998],{"class":121},[84,115960,103],{"class":102},[84,115962,56214],{"class":106},[84,115964,110],{"class":102},[84,115966,115967],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,115968,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,115970,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,115972,116],{"class":98},[84,115974,103],{"class":102},[84,115976,12014],{"class":121},[84,115978,125],{"class":102},[84,115980,115703],{"class":128},[84,115982,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,115984,116],{"class":98},[84,115986,103],{"class":102},[84,115988,14214],{"class":121},[84,115990,125],{"class":102},[84,115992,115993],{"class":128},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[24,115995,115996,115997,28,115999,116002],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115998,56318],{},[15,116000,116001],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[24,116004,116005,116006,425],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[419,116007,43808],{"href":11946},[70,116009,116011],{"id":116010},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[24,116013,15072,116014,116016],{},[42,116015,115576],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[24,116018,1074],{},[33,116020,116021,116023,116026],{},[36,116022,115783],{},[36,116024,116025],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[36,116027,116028],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[24,116030,190],{},[75,116032,116034],{"className":77,"code":116033,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116035,116036,116042,116046,116072,116090,116094,116112,116116,116128],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116037,116038,116040],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116039,34968],{"class":470},[84,116041,115594],{"class":90},[84,116043,116044],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116045,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116047,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116049,11967],{"class":90},[84,116051,95],{"class":94},[84,116053,56161],{"class":102},[84,116055,838],{"class":106},[84,116057,282],{"class":102},[84,116059,304],{"class":106},[84,116061,17945],{"class":102},[84,116063,3498],{"class":102},[84,116065,1162],{"class":106},[84,116067,282],{"class":102},[84,116069,314],{"class":106},[84,116071,53111],{"class":102},[84,116073,116074,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116075,14195],{"class":90},[84,116077,95],{"class":94},[84,116079,115634],{"class":90},[84,116081,425],{"class":102},[84,116083,115658],{"class":121},[84,116085,103],{"class":102},[84,116087,12014],{"class":121},[84,116089,110],{"class":102},[84,116091,116092],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,116093,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116095,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106,116108,116110],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,116097,14214],{"class":90},[84,116099,292],{"class":102},[84,116101,279],{"class":106},[84,116103,13434],{"class":102},[84,116105,998],{"class":121},[84,116107,103],{"class":102},[84,116109,56214],{"class":106},[84,116111,110],{"class":102},[84,116113,116114],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,116115,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116117,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,116119,116],{"class":98},[84,116121,103],{"class":102},[84,116123,12014],{"class":121},[84,116125,125],{"class":102},[84,116127,115875],{"class":128},[84,116129,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,116131,116],{"class":98},[84,116133,103],{"class":102},[84,116135,14214],{"class":121},[84,116137,125],{"class":102},[84,116139,115993],{"class":128},[24,116141,116142,116143,116145,116146,425],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116144,116001],{}," does not change ",[15,116147,56318],{},[70,116149,116151],{"id":116150},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[24,116153,116154],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[24,116156,116157],{},"Common reasons:",[33,116159,116160,116163,116166,116172],{},[36,116161,116162],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[36,116164,116165],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[36,116167,116168,116169,116171],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116170,95],{}," does not make a copy",[36,116173,116174],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[24,116176,116177,116178,116180],{},"For example, this does ",[42,116179,1367],{}," create a copy:",[75,116182,116184],{"className":77,"code":116183,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116185,116186,116206,116214,116218,116232,116236,116248],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116187,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116189,11967],{"class":90},[84,116191,95],{"class":94},[84,116193,3498],{"class":102},[84,116195,838],{"class":106},[84,116197,282],{"class":102},[84,116199,304],{"class":106},[84,116201,282],{"class":102},[84,116203,309],{"class":106},[84,116205,317],{"class":102},[84,116207,116208,116210,116212],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116209,14195],{"class":90},[84,116211,95],{"class":94},[84,116213,12005],{"class":90},[84,116215,116216],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116217,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116219,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116221,14214],{"class":90},[84,116223,425],{"class":102},[84,116225,998],{"class":121},[84,116227,103],{"class":102},[84,116229,2386],{"class":106},[84,116231,110],{"class":102},[84,116233,116234],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,116235,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116237,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,116239,116],{"class":98},[84,116241,103],{"class":102},[84,116243,12014],{"class":121},[84,116245,125],{"class":102},[84,116247,55568],{"class":128},[84,116249,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,116251,116],{"class":98},[84,116253,103],{"class":102},[84,116255,14214],{"class":121},[84,116257,125],{"class":102},[84,116259,116260],{"class":128},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,116262,116263],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[70,116265,116267],{"id":116266},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[24,116269,116270],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1667,116272,116274],{"id":116273},"assignment","Assignment",[24,116276,116277],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[75,116279,116281],{"className":77,"code":116280,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116282,116283,116309,116317,116321],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116284,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116286,11967],{"class":90},[84,116288,95],{"class":94},[84,116290,56161],{"class":102},[84,116292,838],{"class":106},[84,116294,282],{"class":102},[84,116296,304],{"class":106},[84,116298,17945],{"class":102},[84,116300,3498],{"class":102},[84,116302,1162],{"class":106},[84,116304,282],{"class":102},[84,116306,314],{"class":106},[84,116308,53111],{"class":102},[84,116310,116311,116313,116315],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116312,13986],{"class":90},[84,116314,95],{"class":94},[84,116316,12005],{"class":90},[84,116318,116319],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116320,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116322,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116324,116],{"class":98},[84,116326,103],{"class":102},[84,116328,11967],{"class":121},[84,116330,12075],{"class":470},[84,116332,14054],{"class":121},[84,116334,125],{"class":102},[84,116336,3538],{"class":128},[24,116338,116339],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1667,116341,116343],{"id":116342},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[24,116345,116346],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[75,116348,116350],{"className":77,"code":116349,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116351,116352,116378,116392,116396,116413],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116353,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116355,11967],{"class":90},[84,116357,95],{"class":94},[84,116359,56161],{"class":102},[84,116361,838],{"class":106},[84,116363,282],{"class":102},[84,116365,304],{"class":106},[84,116367,17945],{"class":102},[84,116369,3498],{"class":102},[84,116371,1162],{"class":106},[84,116373,282],{"class":102},[84,116375,314],{"class":106},[84,116377,53111],{"class":102},[84,116379,116380,116382,116384,116386,116388,116390],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116381,115629],{"class":90},[84,116383,95],{"class":94},[84,116385,12042],{"class":90},[84,116387,425],{"class":102},[84,116389,12794],{"class":121},[84,116391,8520],{"class":102},[84,116393,116394],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116395,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116397,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116409,116411],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116399,116],{"class":98},[84,116401,103],{"class":102},[84,116403,11967],{"class":121},[84,116405,12075],{"class":470},[84,116407,116408],{"class":121}," shallow",[84,116410,125],{"class":102},[84,116412,21083],{"class":128},[84,116414,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,116416,116],{"class":98},[84,116418,103],{"class":102},[84,116420,12014],{"class":121},[84,116422,292],{"class":102},[84,116424,279],{"class":106},[84,116426,13157],{"class":102},[84,116428,7973],{"class":470},[84,116430,116408],{"class":121},[84,116432,292],{"class":102},[84,116434,279],{"class":106},[84,116436,20330],{"class":102},[84,116438,3538],{"class":128},[1667,116440,116442],{"id":116441},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[24,116444,116445],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[75,116447,116449],{"className":77,"code":116448,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116450,116451,116457,116461,116487,116505,116509,116527],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116452,116453,116455],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116454,34968],{"class":470},[84,116456,115594],{"class":90},[84,116458,116459],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116460,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116462,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116464,11967],{"class":90},[84,116466,95],{"class":94},[84,116468,56161],{"class":102},[84,116470,838],{"class":106},[84,116472,282],{"class":102},[84,116474,304],{"class":106},[84,116476,17945],{"class":102},[84,116478,3498],{"class":102},[84,116480,1162],{"class":106},[84,116482,282],{"class":102},[84,116484,314],{"class":106},[84,116486,53111],{"class":102},[84,116488,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116490,115649],{"class":90},[84,116492,95],{"class":94},[84,116494,115634],{"class":90},[84,116496,425],{"class":102},[84,116498,115658],{"class":121},[84,116500,103],{"class":102},[84,116502,12014],{"class":121},[84,116504,110],{"class":102},[84,116506,116507],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,116508,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116510,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116522,116524],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,116512,116],{"class":98},[84,116514,103],{"class":102},[84,116516,11967],{"class":121},[84,116518,12075],{"class":470},[84,116520,116521],{"class":121}," deep",[84,116523,125],{"class":102},[84,116525,116526],{"class":128},"         # False\n",[84,116528,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116551],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,116530,116],{"class":98},[84,116532,103],{"class":102},[84,116534,12014],{"class":121},[84,116536,292],{"class":102},[84,116538,279],{"class":106},[84,116540,13157],{"class":102},[84,116542,7973],{"class":470},[84,116544,116521],{"class":121},[84,116546,292],{"class":102},[84,116548,279],{"class":106},[84,116550,20330],{"class":102},[84,116552,43744],{"class":128},[70,116554,116556],{"id":116555},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[24,116558,116559,116560,881],{},"These all make ",[42,116561,116562],{},"shallow copies",[33,116564,116565,116569,116573,116578,116584],{},[36,116566,116567],{},[15,116568,55468],{},[36,116570,116571],{},[15,116572,12316],{},[36,116574,116575],{},[15,116576,116577],{},"set.copy()",[36,116579,116580,116581],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116582,116583],{},"my_list[:]",[36,116585,116586,116588,116589,34958],{},[15,116587,115736],{}," from the ",[15,116590,12794],{},[24,116592,2006],{},[75,116594,116596],{"className":77,"code":116595,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116597,116598,116618,116622,116636,116647,116651,116663],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116599,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116601,91],{"class":90},[84,116603,95],{"class":94},[84,116605,3498],{"class":102},[84,116607,838],{"class":106},[84,116609,282],{"class":102},[84,116611,304],{"class":106},[84,116613,282],{"class":102},[84,116615,309],{"class":106},[84,116617,317],{"class":102},[84,116619,116620],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116621,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116623,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116625,2436],{"class":90},[84,116627,95],{"class":94},[84,116629,4137],{"class":90},[84,116631,425],{"class":102},[84,116633,12794],{"class":121},[84,116635,8520],{"class":102},[84,116637,116638,116640,116642,116644],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116639,2463],{"class":90},[84,116641,95],{"class":94},[84,116643,4137],{"class":90},[84,116645,116646],{"class":102},"[:]\n",[84,116648,116649],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,116650,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116652,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,116654,116],{"class":98},[84,116656,103],{"class":102},[84,116658,419],{"class":121},[84,116660,125],{"class":102},[84,116662,54800],{"class":128},[84,116664,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,116666,116],{"class":98},[84,116668,103],{"class":102},[84,116670,4634],{"class":121},[84,116672,125],{"class":102},[84,116674,54800],{"class":128},[24,116676,73003,116677,47402,116681,425],{},[419,116678,116679,10620],{"href":54828},[15,116680,55468],{},[419,116682,116683,10620],{"href":12313},[15,116684,12316],{},[70,116686,116688],{"id":116687},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[24,116690,116691],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[33,116693,116694,116697,116700],{},[36,116695,116696],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[36,116698,116699],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[36,116701,116702],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[24,116704,116705],{},"Example with a flat list:",[75,116707,116709],{"className":77,"code":116708,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116710,116711,116731,116745,116749,116763,116767,116779],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116712,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727,116729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116714,11967],{"class":90},[84,116716,95],{"class":94},[84,116718,3498],{"class":102},[84,116720,838],{"class":106},[84,116722,282],{"class":102},[84,116724,304],{"class":106},[84,116726,282],{"class":102},[84,116728,309],{"class":106},[84,116730,317],{"class":102},[84,116732,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116734,14195],{"class":90},[84,116736,95],{"class":94},[84,116738,12042],{"class":90},[84,116740,425],{"class":102},[84,116742,12794],{"class":121},[84,116744,8520],{"class":102},[84,116746,116747],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116748,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116750,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116752,14214],{"class":90},[84,116754,425],{"class":102},[84,116756,998],{"class":121},[84,116758,103],{"class":102},[84,116760,2386],{"class":106},[84,116762,110],{"class":102},[84,116764,116765],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,116766,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116768,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,116770,116],{"class":98},[84,116772,103],{"class":102},[84,116774,12014],{"class":121},[84,116776,125],{"class":102},[84,116778,54800],{"class":128},[84,116780,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,116782,116],{"class":98},[84,116784,103],{"class":102},[84,116786,14214],{"class":121},[84,116788,125],{"class":102},[84,116790,116260],{"class":128},[24,116792,116793],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[24,116795,116796,116797,425],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[419,116798,14772],{"href":57087},[70,116800,116802],{"id":116801},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[24,116804,116805],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[33,116807,116808,116811,116814],{},[36,116809,116810],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[36,116812,116813],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[36,116815,116816],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[24,116818,116819],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[75,116821,116823],{"className":77,"code":116822,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116824,116825,116831,116835,116861,116875,116893,116897,116919,116923,116936,116949],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116826,116827,116829],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116828,34968],{"class":470},[84,116830,115594],{"class":90},[84,116832,116833],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,116834,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116836,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,116838,11967],{"class":90},[84,116840,95],{"class":94},[84,116842,10371],{"class":102},[84,116844,854],{"class":387},[84,116846,16271],{"class":391},[84,116848,854],{"class":387},[84,116850,881],{"class":102},[84,116852,3498],{"class":102},[84,116854,2212],{"class":106},[84,116856,282],{"class":102},[84,116858,7667],{"class":106},[84,116860,13589],{"class":102},[84,116862,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,116864,115629],{"class":90},[84,116866,95],{"class":94},[84,116868,12042],{"class":90},[84,116870,425],{"class":102},[84,116872,12794],{"class":121},[84,116874,8520],{"class":102},[84,116876,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,116878,115649],{"class":90},[84,116880,95],{"class":94},[84,116882,115634],{"class":90},[84,116884,425],{"class":102},[84,116886,115658],{"class":121},[84,116888,103],{"class":102},[84,116890,12014],{"class":121},[84,116892,110],{"class":102},[84,116894,116895],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,116896,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,116900,12014],{"class":90},[84,116902,292],{"class":102},[84,116904,854],{"class":387},[84,116906,16271],{"class":391},[84,116908,854],{"class":387},[84,116910,13434],{"class":102},[84,116912,998],{"class":121},[84,116914,103],{"class":102},[84,116916,36713],{"class":106},[84,116918,110],{"class":102},[84,116920,116921],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,116922,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,116924,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,116926,116],{"class":98},[84,116928,103],{"class":102},[84,116930,12014],{"class":121},[84,116932,125],{"class":102},[84,116934,116935],{"class":128},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[84,116937,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946],{"class":86,"line":6310},[84,116939,116],{"class":98},[84,116941,103],{"class":102},[84,116943,115712],{"class":121},[84,116945,125],{"class":102},[84,116947,116948],{"class":128},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[84,116950,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959],{"class":86,"line":11475},[84,116952,116],{"class":98},[84,116954,103],{"class":102},[84,116956,115726],{"class":121},[84,116958,125],{"class":102},[84,116960,116961],{"class":128},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[24,116963,116964],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[70,116966,116968],{"id":116967},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[24,116970,116971],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[33,116973,116974,116977,116980,116983],{},[36,116975,116976],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[36,116978,116979],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[36,116981,116982],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[36,116984,116985],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[24,116987,116988],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[75,116990,116992],{"className":77,"code":116991,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116993,116994,117002,117010,117014,117022,117026,117038],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116995,116996,116998,117000],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116997,2436],{"class":90},[84,116999,95],{"class":94},[84,117001,2468],{"class":106},[84,117003,117004,117006,117008],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117005,2463],{"class":90},[84,117007,95],{"class":94},[84,117009,36050],{"class":90},[84,117011,117012],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,117013,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,117015,117016,117018,117020],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,117017,2463],{"class":90},[84,117019,95],{"class":94},[84,117021,14498],{"class":106},[84,117023,117024],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,117025,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,117027,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,117029,116],{"class":98},[84,117031,103],{"class":102},[84,117033,419],{"class":121},[84,117035,125],{"class":102},[84,117037,26671],{"class":128},[84,117039,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,117041,116],{"class":98},[84,117043,103],{"class":102},[84,117045,4634],{"class":121},[84,117047,125],{"class":102},[84,117049,27492],{"class":128},[24,117051,538,117052,117055],{},[419,117053,117054],{"href":11946},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[70,117057,1434],{"id":1433},[24,117059,117060],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[33,117062,117063,117067,117072,117077,117080],{},[36,117064,1442,117065,56651],{},[15,117066,95],{},[36,117068,1442,117069,117071],{},[15,117070,55468],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[36,117073,1442,117074,117076],{},[15,117075,12316],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[36,117078,117079],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[36,117081,117082],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[24,117084,117085],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[75,117087,117089],{"className":77,"code":117088,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117090,117091,117105,117119,117141,117172],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117092,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117094,116],{"class":98},[84,117096,103],{"class":102},[84,117098,11967],{"class":121},[84,117100,12075],{"class":470},[84,117102,14268],{"class":121},[84,117104,110],{"class":102},[84,117106,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117108,116],{"class":98},[84,117110,103],{"class":102},[84,117112,11967],{"class":121},[84,117114,4561],{"class":94},[84,117116,14268],{"class":121},[84,117118,110],{"class":102},[84,117120,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,117122,116],{"class":98},[84,117124,103],{"class":102},[84,117126,12531],{"class":98},[84,117128,103],{"class":102},[84,117130,12014],{"class":121},[84,117132,9112],{"class":102},[84,117134,14700],{"class":98},[84,117136,103],{"class":102},[84,117138,14214],{"class":121},[84,117140,232],{"class":102},[84,117142,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,117144,116],{"class":98},[84,117146,103],{"class":102},[84,117148,12531],{"class":98},[84,117150,103],{"class":102},[84,117152,12014],{"class":121},[84,117154,292],{"class":102},[84,117156,279],{"class":106},[84,117158,117159],{"class":102},"]),",[84,117161,14700],{"class":98},[84,117163,103],{"class":102},[84,117165,14214],{"class":121},[84,117167,292],{"class":102},[84,117169,279],{"class":106},[84,117171,2878],{"class":102},[84,117173,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,117175,116],{"class":98},[84,117177,103],{"class":102},[84,117179,334],{"class":139},[84,117181,103],{"class":102},[84,117183,12014],{"class":121},[84,117185,232],{"class":102},[24,117187,117188],{},"What they tell you:",[33,117190,117191,117196,117201,117206,117216],{},[36,117192,117193,117195],{},[15,117194,12075],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[36,117197,117198,117200],{},[15,117199,4561],{}," checks whether values are equal",[36,117202,117203,117205],{},[15,117204,43360],{}," shows the identity of an object",[36,117207,117208,117209,28,117212,117215],{},"comparing ",[15,117210,117211],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117213,117214],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[36,117217,117218,117220],{},[15,117219,2183],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[70,117222,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,117224,117226],{"id":117225},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[24,117228,117229],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1667,117231,57137],{"id":57052},[24,117233,117234],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1667,117236,117238],{"id":117237},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[24,117240,117241],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1667,117243,117245],{"id":117244},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[24,117247,117248],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1667,117250,117252],{"id":117251},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[24,117254,117255],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[70,117257,1777],{"id":1776},[33,117259,117260,117265,117271,117277,117281],{},[36,117261,117262],{},[419,117263,117264],{"href":11946},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[36,117266,117267],{},[419,117268,13,117269,10620],{"href":54828},[15,117270,55468],{},[36,117272,117273],{},[419,117274,13,117275,10620],{"href":12313},[15,117276,12316],{},[36,117278,117279],{},[419,117280,14848],{"href":57087},[36,117282,117283],{},[419,117284,117285],{"href":58362},"What is a list in Python?",[1814,117287,117288],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":117290},[117291,117292,117293,117294,117295,117296,117301,117302,117303,117304,117305,117306,117313],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":115746,"depth":113,"text":115747},{"id":115767,"depth":113,"text":115768},{"id":116010,"depth":113,"text":116011},{"id":116150,"depth":113,"text":116151},{"id":116266,"depth":113,"text":116267,"children":117297},[117298,117299,117300],{"id":116273,"depth":132,"text":116274},{"id":116342,"depth":132,"text":116343},{"id":116441,"depth":132,"text":116442},{"id":116555,"depth":113,"text":116556},{"id":116687,"depth":113,"text":116688},{"id":116801,"depth":113,"text":116802},{"id":116967,"depth":113,"text":116968},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":117307},[117308,117309,117310,117311,117312],{"id":117225,"depth":132,"text":117226},{"id":57052,"depth":132,"text":57137},{"id":117237,"depth":132,"text":117238},{"id":117244,"depth":132,"text":117245},{"id":117251,"depth":132,"text":117252},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115547,"description":117314},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117320,"title":117321,"body":117322,"description":119179,"extension":1845,"meta":119180,"navigation":237,"path":119181,"seo":119182,"stem":119183,"__hash__":119184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117323,"toc":119137},[117324,117329,117334,117342,117344,117412,117417,117422,117437,117440,117442,117473,117475,117495,117498,117513,117515,117518,117591,117593,117638,117640,117651,117656,117660,117665,117668,117707,117709,117729,117732,117789,117791,117826,117829,117868,117870,117890,117893,117924,117926,117982,117984,117989,118060,118062,118095,118100,118105,118170,118172,118209,118212,118289,118291,118351,118358,118363,118366,118369,118450,118452,118493,118498,118501,118579,118581,118614,118623,118630,118633,118644,118647,118658,118662,118670,118679,118683,118688,118692,118697,118740,118743,118749,118752,118754,118801,118806,118810,118813,118862,118864,118885,118888,118890,118915,118918,119039,119044,119046,119051,119054,119059,119062,119070,119075,119082,119085,119093,119096,119098,119134],[10,117325,13,117327,3456],{"id":117326},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117328,74287],{},[24,117330,117331,117333],{},[15,117332,74287],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[24,117335,117336,117337,1263,117339,117341],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117338,77730],{},[15,117340,74287],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[70,117343,73],{"id":72},[75,117345,117347],{"className":77,"code":117346,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117348,117349,117369,117383,117387,117399],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117350,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117352,91],{"class":90},[84,117354,95],{"class":94},[84,117356,3498],{"class":102},[84,117358,1162],{"class":106},[84,117360,282],{"class":102},[84,117362,299],{"class":106},[84,117364,282],{"class":102},[84,117366,304],{"class":106},[84,117368,317],{"class":102},[84,117370,117371,117373,117375,117377,117379,117381],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117372,2110],{"class":90},[84,117374,95],{"class":94},[84,117376,74421],{"class":98},[84,117378,103],{"class":102},[84,117380,122],{"class":121},[84,117382,110],{"class":102},[84,117384,117385],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,117386,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,117388,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,117390,116],{"class":98},[84,117392,103],{"class":102},[84,117394,2145],{"class":121},[84,117396,125],{"class":102},[84,117398,55555],{"class":128},[84,117400,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,117402,116],{"class":98},[84,117404,103],{"class":102},[84,117406,122],{"class":121},[84,117408,125],{"class":102},[84,117410,117411],{"class":128},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[24,117413,117414,117416],{},[15,117415,74287],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[70,117418,429,117420,3554],{"id":117419},"what-sorted-does",[15,117421,74287],{},[33,117423,117424,117428,117431,117434],{},[36,117425,117426,62791],{},[15,117427,74287],{},[36,117429,117430],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,117432,117433],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[36,117435,117436],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[24,117438,117439],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[70,117441,2038],{"id":2037},[75,117443,117445],{"className":77,"code":117444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117446,117447],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117448,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117450,74377],{"class":98},[84,117452,103],{"class":102},[84,117454,3595],{"class":121},[84,117456,282],{"class":102},[84,117458,21462],{"class":9054},[84,117460,95],{"class":94},[84,117462,3653],{"class":659},[84,117464,282],{"class":102},[84,117466,77933],{"class":9054},[84,117468,95],{"class":94},[84,117470,3548],{"class":659},[84,117472,110],{"class":102},[1667,117474,17277],{"id":17276},[33,117476,117477,117482,117487],{},[36,117478,117479,117481],{},[15,117480,3595],{},": the values to sort",[36,117483,117484,117486],{},[15,117485,14725],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[36,117488,117489,117491,117492,117494],{},[15,117490,73440],{},": set to ",[15,117493,3481],{}," to sort in descending order",[24,117496,117497],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[75,117499,117501],{"className":77,"code":117500,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117502,117503],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117504,117505,117507,117509,117511],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117506,74377],{"class":98},[84,117508,103],{"class":102},[84,117510,60174],{"class":121},[84,117512,110],{"class":102},[70,117514,11355],{"id":11354},[24,117516,117517],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[75,117519,117521],{"className":77,"code":117520,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117522,117523,117547,117551,117566,117570,117581],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117524,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117526,91],{"class":90},[84,117528,95],{"class":94},[84,117530,3498],{"class":102},[84,117532,107],{"class":106},[84,117534,282],{"class":102},[84,117536,304],{"class":106},[84,117538,282],{"class":102},[84,117540,6232],{"class":106},[84,117542,282],{"class":102},[84,117544,299],{"class":106},[84,117546,317],{"class":102},[84,117548,117549],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117550,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,117552,117553,117556,117558,117560,117562,117564],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,117554,117555],{"class":90},"sorted_numbers ",[84,117557,95],{"class":94},[84,117559,74421],{"class":98},[84,117561,103],{"class":102},[84,117563,122],{"class":121},[84,117565,110],{"class":102},[84,117567,117568],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,117569,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,117571,117572,117574,117576,117579],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,117573,116],{"class":98},[84,117575,103],{"class":102},[84,117577,117578],{"class":121},"sorted_numbers",[84,117580,110],{"class":102},[84,117582,117583,117585,117587,117589],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,117584,116],{"class":98},[84,117586,103],{"class":102},[84,117588,122],{"class":121},[84,117590,110],{"class":102},[24,117592,265],{},[75,117594,117596],{"className":77,"code":117595,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117597,117598,117618],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117599,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117601,292],{"class":102},[84,117603,838],{"class":106},[84,117605,282],{"class":102},[84,117607,304],{"class":106},[84,117609,282],{"class":102},[84,117611,285],{"class":106},[84,117613,282],{"class":102},[84,117615,6232],{"class":106},[84,117617,317],{"class":102},[84,117619,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117621,292],{"class":102},[84,117623,107],{"class":106},[84,117625,282],{"class":102},[84,117627,304],{"class":106},[84,117629,282],{"class":102},[84,117631,6232],{"class":106},[84,117633,282],{"class":102},[84,117635,299],{"class":106},[84,117637,317],{"class":102},[24,117639,13646],{},[33,117641,117642,117647],{},[36,117643,117644,117646],{},[15,117645,117578],{}," is a new sorted list",[36,117648,117649,112183],{},[15,117650,122],{},[24,117652,117653,117654,425],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[419,117655,78240],{"href":78239},[70,117657,117659],{"id":117658},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[24,117661,117662,117664],{},[15,117663,74287],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1667,117666,117667],{"id":140},"List",[75,117669,117671],{"className":77,"code":117670,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117672,117673,117693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117674,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117676,91],{"class":90},[84,117678,95],{"class":94},[84,117680,3498],{"class":102},[84,117682,1162],{"class":106},[84,117684,282],{"class":102},[84,117686,299],{"class":106},[84,117688,282],{"class":102},[84,117690,304],{"class":106},[84,117692,317],{"class":102},[84,117694,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117696,116],{"class":98},[84,117698,103],{"class":102},[84,117700,74377],{"class":98},[84,117702,103],{"class":102},[84,117704,122],{"class":121},[84,117706,232],{"class":102},[24,117708,265],{},[75,117710,117711],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,117712,117713],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117714,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117716,292],{"class":102},[84,117718,838],{"class":106},[84,117720,282],{"class":102},[84,117722,304],{"class":106},[84,117724,282],{"class":102},[84,117726,309],{"class":106},[84,117728,317],{"class":102},[1667,117730,117731],{"id":48821},"Tuple",[75,117733,117735],{"className":77,"code":117734,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117736,117737,117757,117771],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117738,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117740,3698],{"class":90},[84,117742,95],{"class":94},[84,117744,9115],{"class":102},[84,117746,1162],{"class":106},[84,117748,282],{"class":102},[84,117750,299],{"class":106},[84,117752,282],{"class":102},[84,117754,304],{"class":106},[84,117756,110],{"class":102},[84,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117760,116],{"class":98},[84,117762,103],{"class":102},[84,117764,74377],{"class":98},[84,117766,103],{"class":102},[84,117768,5233],{"class":121},[84,117770,232],{"class":102},[84,117772,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,117774,116],{"class":98},[84,117776,103],{"class":102},[84,117778,334],{"class":139},[84,117780,103],{"class":102},[84,117782,74377],{"class":98},[84,117784,103],{"class":102},[84,117786,5233],{"class":121},[84,117788,345],{"class":102},[24,117790,265],{},[75,117792,117794],{"className":77,"code":117793,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117795,117796,117812],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117797,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117799,292],{"class":102},[84,117801,838],{"class":106},[84,117803,282],{"class":102},[84,117805,304],{"class":106},[84,117807,282],{"class":102},[84,117809,309],{"class":106},[84,117811,317],{"class":102},[84,117813,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117815,380],{"class":94},[84,117817,384],{"class":383},[84,117819,388],{"class":387},[84,117821,140],{"class":391},[84,117823,394],{"class":387},[84,117825,397],{"class":94},[1667,117827,117828],{"id":6159},"Set",[75,117830,117832],{"className":77,"code":117831,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117833,117834,117854],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117837,3698],{"class":90},[84,117839,95],{"class":94},[84,117841,10371],{"class":102},[84,117843,1162],{"class":106},[84,117845,282],{"class":102},[84,117847,299],{"class":106},[84,117849,282],{"class":102},[84,117851,304],{"class":106},[84,117853,9188],{"class":102},[84,117855,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117857,116],{"class":98},[84,117859,103],{"class":102},[84,117861,74377],{"class":98},[84,117863,103],{"class":102},[84,117865,5233],{"class":121},[84,117867,232],{"class":102},[24,117869,265],{},[75,117871,117872],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,117873,117874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117875,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117877,292],{"class":102},[84,117879,838],{"class":106},[84,117881,282],{"class":102},[84,117883,304],{"class":106},[84,117885,282],{"class":102},[84,117887,309],{"class":106},[84,117889,317],{"class":102},[1667,117891,117892],{"id":61040},"String",[75,117894,117896],{"className":77,"code":117895,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117897,117898,117910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117899,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117901,34565],{"class":90},[84,117903,95],{"class":94},[84,117905,3230],{"class":387},[84,117907,79],{"class":391},[84,117909,3236],{"class":387},[84,117911,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,117913,116],{"class":98},[84,117915,103],{"class":102},[84,117917,74377],{"class":98},[84,117919,103],{"class":102},[84,117921,34586],{"class":121},[84,117923,232],{"class":102},[24,117925,265],{},[75,117927,117928],{"className":77,"code":79257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,117929,117930],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117931,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117933,292],{"class":102},[84,117935,394],{"class":387},[84,117937,60305],{"class":391},[84,117939,394],{"class":387},[84,117941,282],{"class":102},[84,117943,388],{"class":387},[84,117945,75893],{"class":391},[84,117947,394],{"class":387},[84,117949,282],{"class":102},[84,117951,388],{"class":387},[84,117953,60340],{"class":391},[84,117955,394],{"class":387},[84,117957,282],{"class":102},[84,117959,388],{"class":387},[84,117961,24],{"class":391},[84,117963,394],{"class":387},[84,117965,282],{"class":102},[84,117967,388],{"class":387},[84,117969,63152],{"class":391},[84,117971,394],{"class":387},[84,117973,282],{"class":102},[84,117975,388],{"class":387},[84,117977,11626],{"class":391},[84,117979,394],{"class":387},[84,117981,317],{"class":102},[1667,117983,29100],{"id":15486},[24,117985,63405,117986,117988],{},[15,117987,74287],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[75,117990,117992],{"className":77,"code":117991,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117993,117994,118046],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117995,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117997,13088],{"class":90},[84,117999,95],{"class":94},[84,118001,10371],{"class":102},[84,118003,854],{"class":387},[84,118005,7544],{"class":391},[84,118007,854],{"class":387},[84,118009,881],{"class":102},[84,118011,3230],{"class":387},[84,118013,12763],{"class":391},[84,118015,854],{"class":387},[84,118017,282],{"class":102},[84,118019,3230],{"class":387},[84,118021,9178],{"class":391},[84,118023,854],{"class":387},[84,118025,881],{"class":102},[84,118027,7667],{"class":106},[84,118029,282],{"class":102},[84,118031,3230],{"class":387},[84,118033,10289],{"class":391},[84,118035,854],{"class":387},[84,118037,881],{"class":102},[84,118039,3230],{"class":387},[84,118041,15913],{"class":391},[84,118043,854],{"class":387},[84,118045,9188],{"class":102},[84,118047,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118049,116],{"class":98},[84,118051,103],{"class":102},[84,118053,74377],{"class":98},[84,118055,103],{"class":102},[84,118057,17189],{"class":121},[84,118059,232],{"class":102},[24,118061,265],{},[75,118063,118065],{"className":77,"code":118064,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118066,118067],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118068,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118070,292],{"class":102},[84,118072,394],{"class":387},[84,118074,9178],{"class":391},[84,118076,394],{"class":387},[84,118078,282],{"class":102},[84,118080,388],{"class":387},[84,118082,10289],{"class":391},[84,118084,394],{"class":387},[84,118086,282],{"class":102},[84,118088,388],{"class":387},[84,118090,7544],{"class":391},[84,118092,394],{"class":387},[84,118094,317],{"class":102},[70,118096,1442,118098],{"id":118097},"using-reversetrue",[15,118099,77954],{},[24,118101,153,118102,118104],{},[15,118103,77954],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[75,118106,118108],{"className":77,"code":118107,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118109,118110,118130,118134,118148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118111,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118113,91],{"class":90},[84,118115,95],{"class":94},[84,118117,3498],{"class":102},[84,118119,1162],{"class":106},[84,118121,282],{"class":102},[84,118123,299],{"class":106},[84,118125,282],{"class":102},[84,118127,304],{"class":106},[84,118129,317],{"class":102},[84,118131,118132],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118133,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,118135,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,118137,116],{"class":98},[84,118139,103],{"class":102},[84,118141,74377],{"class":98},[84,118143,103],{"class":102},[84,118145,122],{"class":121},[84,118147,232],{"class":102},[84,118149,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,118151,116],{"class":98},[84,118153,103],{"class":102},[84,118155,74377],{"class":98},[84,118157,103],{"class":102},[84,118159,122],{"class":121},[84,118161,282],{"class":102},[84,118163,77933],{"class":9054},[84,118165,95],{"class":94},[84,118167,3481],{"class":659},[84,118169,232],{"class":102},[24,118171,265],{},[75,118173,118175],{"className":77,"code":118174,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118176,118177,118193],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118178,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118180,292],{"class":102},[84,118182,838],{"class":106},[84,118184,282],{"class":102},[84,118186,304],{"class":106},[84,118188,282],{"class":102},[84,118190,309],{"class":106},[84,118192,317],{"class":102},[84,118194,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118196,292],{"class":102},[84,118198,1162],{"class":106},[84,118200,282],{"class":102},[84,118202,304],{"class":106},[84,118204,282],{"class":102},[84,118206,299],{"class":106},[84,118208,317],{"class":102},[24,118210,118211],{},"This also works with strings:",[75,118213,118215],{"className":77,"code":118214,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118216,118217,118249,118253,118267],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118218,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118220,3943],{"class":90},[84,118222,95],{"class":94},[84,118224,3498],{"class":102},[84,118226,854],{"class":387},[84,118228,3952],{"class":391},[84,118230,854],{"class":387},[84,118232,282],{"class":102},[84,118234,3230],{"class":387},[84,118236,3961],{"class":391},[84,118238,854],{"class":387},[84,118240,282],{"class":102},[84,118242,3230],{"class":387},[84,118244,3970],{"class":391},[84,118246,854],{"class":387},[84,118248,317],{"class":102},[84,118250,118251],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118252,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,118254,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,118256,116],{"class":98},[84,118258,103],{"class":102},[84,118260,74377],{"class":98},[84,118262,103],{"class":102},[84,118264,3987],{"class":121},[84,118266,232],{"class":102},[84,118268,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,118270,116],{"class":98},[84,118272,103],{"class":102},[84,118274,74377],{"class":98},[84,118276,103],{"class":102},[84,118278,3987],{"class":121},[84,118280,282],{"class":102},[84,118282,77933],{"class":9054},[84,118284,95],{"class":94},[84,118286,3481],{"class":659},[84,118288,232],{"class":102},[24,118290,265],{},[75,118292,118293],{"className":77,"code":74021,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,118294,118295,118323],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118296,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118298,292],{"class":102},[84,118300,394],{"class":387},[84,118302,3952],{"class":391},[84,118304,394],{"class":387},[84,118306,282],{"class":102},[84,118308,388],{"class":387},[84,118310,3961],{"class":391},[84,118312,394],{"class":387},[84,118314,282],{"class":102},[84,118316,388],{"class":387},[84,118318,3970],{"class":391},[84,118320,394],{"class":387},[84,118322,317],{"class":102},[84,118324,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118326,292],{"class":102},[84,118328,394],{"class":387},[84,118330,3970],{"class":391},[84,118332,394],{"class":387},[84,118334,282],{"class":102},[84,118336,388],{"class":387},[84,118338,3961],{"class":391},[84,118340,394],{"class":387},[84,118342,282],{"class":102},[84,118344,388],{"class":387},[84,118346,3952],{"class":391},[84,118348,394],{"class":387},[84,118350,317],{"class":102},[70,118352,1442,118354,118357],{"id":118353},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118355,118356],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[24,118359,1862,118360,118362],{},[15,118361,118356],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[24,118364,118365],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[24,118367,118368],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[75,118370,118372],{"className":77,"code":118371,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118373,118374,118414,118418,118440],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118375,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118377,3943],{"class":90},[84,118379,95],{"class":94},[84,118381,3498],{"class":102},[84,118383,854],{"class":387},[84,118385,78607],{"class":391},[84,118387,854],{"class":387},[84,118389,282],{"class":102},[84,118391,3230],{"class":387},[84,118393,38228],{"class":391},[84,118395,854],{"class":387},[84,118397,282],{"class":102},[84,118399,3230],{"class":387},[84,118401,3961],{"class":391},[84,118403,854],{"class":387},[84,118405,282],{"class":102},[84,118407,3230],{"class":387},[84,118409,38211],{"class":391},[84,118411,854],{"class":387},[84,118413,317],{"class":102},[84,118415,118416],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118417,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,118419,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,118421,2110],{"class":90},[84,118423,95],{"class":94},[84,118425,74421],{"class":98},[84,118427,103],{"class":102},[84,118429,3987],{"class":121},[84,118431,282],{"class":102},[84,118433,21462],{"class":9054},[84,118435,95],{"class":94},[84,118437,602],{"class":98},[84,118439,110],{"class":102},[84,118441,118442,118444,118446,118448],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,118443,116],{"class":98},[84,118445,103],{"class":102},[84,118447,2145],{"class":121},[84,118449,110],{"class":102},[24,118451,265],{},[75,118453,118455],{"className":77,"code":118454,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118456,118457],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118458,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118460,292],{"class":102},[84,118462,394],{"class":387},[84,118464,38228],{"class":391},[84,118466,394],{"class":387},[84,118468,282],{"class":102},[84,118470,388],{"class":387},[84,118472,78607],{"class":391},[84,118474,394],{"class":387},[84,118476,282],{"class":102},[84,118478,388],{"class":387},[84,118480,38211],{"class":391},[84,118482,394],{"class":387},[84,118484,282],{"class":102},[84,118486,388],{"class":387},[84,118488,3961],{"class":391},[84,118490,394],{"class":387},[84,118492,317],{"class":102},[24,118494,532,118495,118497],{},[15,118496,602],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[24,118499,118500],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[75,118502,118504],{"className":77,"code":118503,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118505,118506,118539,118543,118569],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118507,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118535,118537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118509,3943],{"class":90},[84,118511,95],{"class":94},[84,118513,3498],{"class":102},[84,118515,854],{"class":387},[84,118517,83225],{"class":391},[84,118519,854],{"class":387},[84,118521,282],{"class":102},[84,118523,3230],{"class":387},[84,118525,3952],{"class":391},[84,118527,854],{"class":387},[84,118529,282],{"class":102},[84,118531,3230],{"class":387},[84,118533,118534],{"class":391},"Cherry",[84,118536,854],{"class":387},[84,118538,317],{"class":102},[84,118540,118541],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118542,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,118544,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,118546,2110],{"class":90},[84,118548,95],{"class":94},[84,118550,74421],{"class":98},[84,118552,103],{"class":102},[84,118554,3987],{"class":121},[84,118556,282],{"class":102},[84,118558,21462],{"class":9054},[84,118560,95],{"class":94},[84,118562,3321],{"class":139},[84,118564,425],{"class":102},[84,118566,8517],{"class":24629},[84,118568,110],{"class":102},[84,118570,118571,118573,118575,118577],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,118572,116],{"class":98},[84,118574,103],{"class":102},[84,118576,2145],{"class":121},[84,118578,110],{"class":102},[24,118580,265],{},[75,118582,118584],{"className":77,"code":118583,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118585,118586],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118587,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118589,292],{"class":102},[84,118591,394],{"class":387},[84,118593,3952],{"class":391},[84,118595,394],{"class":387},[84,118597,282],{"class":102},[84,118599,388],{"class":387},[84,118601,83225],{"class":391},[84,118603,394],{"class":387},[84,118605,282],{"class":102},[84,118607,388],{"class":387},[84,118609,118534],{"class":391},[84,118611,394],{"class":387},[84,118613,317],{"class":102},[24,118615,118616,118617,35207,118619,425],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118618,1085],{},[419,118620,13,118621,424],{"href":42230},[15,118622,1085],{},[70,118624,118626,18,118628],{"id":118625},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118627,74287],{},[15,118629,77730],{},[24,118631,118632],{},"The main difference is this:",[33,118634,118635,118640],{},[36,118636,118637,118639],{},[15,118638,74287],{}," returns a new list",[36,118641,118642,73825],{},[15,118643,77730],{},[24,118645,118646],{},"Also:",[33,118648,118649,118654],{},[36,118650,118651,118653],{},[15,118652,74287],{}," works with many iterables",[36,118655,118656,79163],{},[15,118657,77730],{},[24,118659,153,118660,799],{},[15,118661,74287],{},[33,118663,118664,118667],{},[36,118665,118666],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[36,118668,118669],{},"your data is not a list",[24,118671,118672,118673,425],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[419,118674,13,118675,18,118677,5657],{"href":78988},[15,118676,74287],{},[15,118678,77730],{},[70,118680,118682],{"id":118681},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[24,118684,118685,118686,425],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118687,74287],{},[1667,118689,118691],{"id":118690},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[24,118693,118694,118695,881],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118696,2884],{},[75,118698,118700],{"className":77,"code":118699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118701,118702,118726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118703,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118705,3698],{"class":90},[84,118707,95],{"class":94},[84,118709,3498],{"class":102},[84,118711,838],{"class":106},[84,118713,282],{"class":102},[84,118715,3230],{"class":387},[84,118717,568],{"class":391},[84,118719,854],{"class":387},[84,118721,282],{"class":102},[84,118723,309],{"class":106},[84,118725,317],{"class":102},[84,118727,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118729,116],{"class":98},[84,118731,103],{"class":102},[84,118733,74377],{"class":98},[84,118735,103],{"class":102},[84,118737,5233],{"class":121},[84,118739,232],{"class":102},[24,118741,118742],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1667,118744,118746,118747,2184],{"id":118745},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118748,14725],{},[24,118750,118751],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[24,118753,190],{},[75,118755,118757],{"className":77,"code":118756,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118758,118759,118779],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118760,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118762,91],{"class":90},[84,118764,95],{"class":94},[84,118766,3498],{"class":102},[84,118768,2212],{"class":106},[84,118770,282],{"class":102},[84,118772,304],{"class":106},[84,118774,282],{"class":102},[84,118776,7672],{"class":106},[84,118778,317],{"class":102},[84,118780,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118782,116],{"class":98},[84,118784,103],{"class":102},[84,118786,74377],{"class":98},[84,118788,103],{"class":102},[84,118790,122],{"class":121},[84,118792,282],{"class":102},[84,118794,21462],{"class":9054},[84,118796,95],{"class":94},[84,118798,602],{"class":98},[84,118800,232],{"class":102},[24,118802,48379,118803,118805],{},[15,118804,1085],{}," does not work on integers.",[1667,118807,118809],{"id":118808},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[24,118811,118812],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[75,118814,118816],{"className":77,"code":118815,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118817,118818,118838,118848,118852],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118819,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118821,91],{"class":90},[84,118823,95],{"class":94},[84,118825,3498],{"class":102},[84,118827,1162],{"class":106},[84,118829,282],{"class":102},[84,118831,299],{"class":106},[84,118833,282],{"class":102},[84,118835,304],{"class":106},[84,118837,317],{"class":102},[84,118839,118840,118842,118844,118846],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118841,74377],{"class":98},[84,118843,103],{"class":102},[84,118845,122],{"class":121},[84,118847,110],{"class":102},[84,118849,118850],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,118851,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,118853,118854,118856,118858,118860],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,118855,116],{"class":98},[84,118857,103],{"class":102},[84,118859,122],{"class":121},[84,118861,110],{"class":102},[24,118863,265],{},[75,118865,118867],{"className":77,"code":118866,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118868,118869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118870,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118872,292],{"class":102},[84,118874,1162],{"class":106},[84,118876,282],{"class":102},[84,118878,299],{"class":106},[84,118880,282],{"class":102},[84,118882,304],{"class":106},[84,118884,317],{"class":102},[24,118886,118887],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[70,118889,1434],{"id":1433},[33,118891,118892,118896,118899,118904,118908],{},[36,118893,4454,118894,73825],{},[15,118895,74287],{},[36,118897,118898],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[36,118900,4577,118901,118903],{},[15,118902,74287],{}," always returns a list",[36,118905,1442,118906,22984],{},[15,118907,118356],{},[36,118909,29526,118910,118912,118913],{},[15,118911,1270],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118914,74287],{},[24,118916,118917],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[75,118919,118921],{"className":77,"code":118920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118922,118923,118945,118971,119009],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118924,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118926,116],{"class":98},[84,118928,103],{"class":102},[84,118930,74377],{"class":98},[84,118932,2865],{"class":102},[84,118934,1162],{"class":106},[84,118936,282],{"class":102},[84,118938,299],{"class":106},[84,118940,282],{"class":102},[84,118942,304],{"class":106},[84,118944,2878],{"class":102},[84,118946,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,118948,116],{"class":98},[84,118950,103],{"class":102},[84,118952,334],{"class":139},[84,118954,103],{"class":102},[84,118956,74377],{"class":98},[84,118958,5384],{"class":102},[84,118960,1162],{"class":106},[84,118962,282],{"class":102},[84,118964,299],{"class":106},[84,118966,282],{"class":102},[84,118968,304],{"class":106},[84,118970,368],{"class":102},[84,118972,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,118974,116],{"class":98},[84,118976,103],{"class":102},[84,118978,74377],{"class":98},[84,118980,2865],{"class":102},[84,118982,394],{"class":387},[84,118984,83225],{"class":391},[84,118986,394],{"class":387},[84,118988,282],{"class":102},[84,118990,388],{"class":387},[84,118992,3952],{"class":391},[84,118994,394],{"class":387},[84,118996,17945],{"class":102},[84,118998,21462],{"class":9054},[84,119000,95],{"class":94},[84,119002,3321],{"class":139},[84,119004,425],{"class":102},[84,119006,8517],{"class":24629},[84,119008,232],{"class":102},[84,119010,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,119012,116],{"class":98},[84,119014,103],{"class":102},[84,119016,74377],{"class":98},[84,119018,2865],{"class":102},[84,119020,1162],{"class":106},[84,119022,282],{"class":102},[84,119024,299],{"class":106},[84,119026,282],{"class":102},[84,119028,304],{"class":106},[84,119030,17945],{"class":102},[84,119032,77933],{"class":9054},[84,119034,95],{"class":94},[84,119036,3481],{"class":659},[84,119038,232],{"class":102},[24,119040,119041,119042,425],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[419,119043,52640],{"href":50848},[70,119045,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,119047,12586,119049,57031],{"id":119048},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119050,74287],{},[24,119052,119053],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1667,119055,5016,119057,12598],{"id":119056},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119058,74287],{},[24,119060,119061],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1667,119063,119065,119066,1686,119068,1689],{"id":119064},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119067,74287],{},[15,119069,77730],{},[24,119071,153,119072,119074],{},[15,119073,74287],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1667,119076,5016,119078,86313,119080,1689],{"id":119077},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119079,118356],{},[15,119081,74287],{},[24,119083,119084],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1667,119086,1753,119088,119090,119091,1689],{"id":119087},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119089,74287],{}," give a ",[15,119092,2884],{},[24,119094,119095],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[70,119097,1777],{"id":1776},[33,119099,119100,119104,119112,119116,119122,119128],{},[36,119101,119102],{},[419,119103,79736],{"href":78239},[36,119105,119106],{},[419,119107,13,119108,18,119110,5657],{"href":78988},[15,119109,74287],{},[15,119111,77730],{},[36,119113,119114],{},[419,119115,52640],{"href":50848},[36,119117,119118],{},[419,119119,13,119120,424],{"href":42230},[15,119121,1085],{},[36,119123,119124],{},[419,119125,13,119126,424],{"href":91881},[15,119127,929],{},[36,119129,119130],{},[419,119131,13,119132,424],{"href":36070},[15,119133,17],{},[1814,119135,119136],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":119138},[119139,119140,119142,119145,119146,119153,119155,119157,119159,119165,119166,119178],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":117419,"depth":113,"text":119141},"What sorted() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":119143},[119144],{"id":17276,"depth":132,"text":17277},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":117658,"depth":113,"text":117659,"children":119147},[119148,119149,119150,119151,119152],{"id":140,"depth":132,"text":117667},{"id":48821,"depth":132,"text":117731},{"id":6159,"depth":132,"text":117828},{"id":61040,"depth":132,"text":117892},{"id":15486,"depth":132,"text":29100},{"id":118097,"depth":113,"text":119154},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118353,"depth":113,"text":119156},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118625,"depth":113,"text":119158},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118681,"depth":113,"text":118682,"children":119160},[119161,119162,119164],{"id":118690,"depth":132,"text":118691},{"id":118745,"depth":132,"text":119163},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118808,"depth":132,"text":118809},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":119167},[119168,119170,119172,119174,119176],{"id":119048,"depth":132,"text":119169},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119056,"depth":132,"text":119171},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119064,"depth":132,"text":119173},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119077,"depth":132,"text":119175},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119087,"depth":132,"text":119177},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117321,"description":119179},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119186,"title":119187,"body":119188,"description":121299,"extension":1845,"meta":121300,"navigation":237,"path":78988,"seo":121301,"stem":121302,"__hash__":121303},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119189,"toc":121246},[119190,119197,119200,119210,119216,119219,119237,119245,119247,119306,119314,119318,119340,119344,119348,119350,119367,119369,119381,119387,119471,119475,119522,119528,119535,119539,119544,119546,119558,119563,119616,119620,119640,119647,119654,119658,119661,119680,119684,119798,119802,119872,119874,119886,119891,119895,119908,119912,119987,119991,120030,120037,120043,120048,120052,120066,120070,120135,120139,120172,120175,120180,120188,120195,120208,120211,120215,120298,120302,120339,120343,120446,120450,120511,120516,120523,120527,120530,120536,120539,120606,120610,120634,120636,120654,120661,120714,120718,120738,120744,120746,120803,120810,120836,120841,120846,120854,120860,120920,120924,120971,120974,120976,120979,121005,121008,121101,121103,121123,121127,121130,121148,121154,121156,121164,121169,121176,121179,121185,121188,121194,121202,121210,121215,121217,121243],[10,119191,13,119193,18,119195,22],{"id":119192},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119194,74287],{},[15,119196,77730],{},[24,119198,119199],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[33,119201,119202,119206],{},[36,119203,119204],{},[15,119205,74287],{},[36,119207,119208],{},[15,119209,77730],{},[24,119211,119212,119213,119215],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[42,119214,1367],{}," behave the same way.",[24,119217,119218],{},"The main difference is simple:",[33,119220,119221,119229],{},[36,119222,153,119223,119225,119226],{},[15,119224,74287],{}," when you want a ",[42,119227,119228],{},"new sorted result",[36,119230,153,119231,119233,119234],{},[15,119232,77730],{}," when you want to ",[42,119235,119236],{},"change the original list",[24,119238,119239,119240,2279,119242,119244],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119241,77730],{},[15,119243,3653],{}," and causes confusion.",[70,119246,73],{"id":72},[75,119248,119250],{"className":77,"code":119249,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119251,119252,119272,119276,119293],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119253,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119255,91],{"class":90},[84,119257,95],{"class":94},[84,119259,3498],{"class":102},[84,119261,1162],{"class":106},[84,119263,282],{"class":102},[84,119265,299],{"class":106},[84,119267,282],{"class":102},[84,119269,304],{"class":106},[84,119271,317],{"class":102},[84,119273,119274],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,119275,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119277,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,119279,55757],{"class":90},[84,119281,95],{"class":94},[84,119283,74421],{"class":98},[84,119285,103],{"class":102},[84,119287,122],{"class":121},[84,119289,125],{"class":102},[84,119291,119292],{"class":128},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[84,119294,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,119296,122],{"class":90},[84,119298,425],{"class":102},[84,119300,34677],{"class":121},[84,119302,7241],{"class":102},[84,119304,119305],{"class":128},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[24,119307,153,119308,119310,119311,119313],{},[15,119309,74287],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119312,77730],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[70,119315,119317],{"id":119316},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[33,119319,119320,119325,119330,119337],{},[36,119321,153,119322,119324],{},[15,119323,74287],{}," to get a new sorted list",[36,119326,153,119327,119329],{},[15,119328,77730],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[36,119331,119332,119333,2279,119335],{},"Understand why ",[15,119334,77730],{},[15,119336,3653],{},[36,119338,119339],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[70,119341,429,119342,3554],{"id":117419},[15,119343,74287],{},[24,119345,119346,62791],{},[15,119347,74287],{},[24,119349,48795],{},[33,119351,119352,119358,119364],{},[36,119353,119354,119355],{},"returns a ",[42,119356,119357],{},"new list",[36,119359,119360,119361,119363],{},"does ",[42,119362,1367],{}," change the original data",[36,119365,119366],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[24,119368,51002],{},[33,119370,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379],{},[36,119372,5174],{},[36,119374,5177],{},[36,119376,5183],{},[36,119378,5180],{},[36,119380,35786],{},[1667,119382,34955,119384,119386],{"id":119383},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119385,74287],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[75,119388,119390],{"className":77,"code":119389,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119391,119392,119412,119416,119430,119434,119452],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119393,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119395,91],{"class":90},[84,119397,95],{"class":94},[84,119399,3498],{"class":102},[84,119401,1162],{"class":106},[84,119403,282],{"class":102},[84,119405,299],{"class":106},[84,119407,282],{"class":102},[84,119409,304],{"class":106},[84,119411,317],{"class":102},[84,119413,119414],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,119415,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119417,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,119419,2110],{"class":90},[84,119421,95],{"class":94},[84,119423,74421],{"class":98},[84,119425,103],{"class":102},[84,119427,122],{"class":121},[84,119429,110],{"class":102},[84,119431,119432],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,119433,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119435,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,119437,116],{"class":98},[84,119439,103],{"class":102},[84,119441,854],{"class":387},[84,119443,12035],{"class":391},[84,119445,854],{"class":387},[84,119447,282],{"class":102},[84,119449,4137],{"class":121},[84,119451,110],{"class":102},[84,119453,119454,119456,119458,119460,119463,119465,119467,119469],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,119455,116],{"class":98},[84,119457,103],{"class":102},[84,119459,854],{"class":387},[84,119461,119462],{"class":391},"sorted result:",[84,119464,854],{"class":387},[84,119466,282],{"class":102},[84,119468,81079],{"class":121},[84,119470,110],{"class":102},[24,119472,119473],{},[42,119474,265],{},[75,119476,119478],{"className":77,"code":119477,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119479,119480,119500],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119481,119482,119484,119486,119488,119490,119492,119494,119496,119498],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119483,12014],{"class":90},[84,119485,881],{"class":102},[84,119487,3498],{"class":102},[84,119489,1162],{"class":106},[84,119491,282],{"class":102},[84,119493,299],{"class":106},[84,119495,282],{"class":102},[84,119497,304],{"class":106},[84,119499,317],{"class":102},[84,119501,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,119503,74377],{"class":98},[84,119505,81079],{"class":90},[84,119507,881],{"class":102},[84,119509,3498],{"class":102},[84,119511,838],{"class":106},[84,119513,282],{"class":102},[84,119515,304],{"class":106},[84,119517,282],{"class":102},[84,119519,309],{"class":106},[84,119521,317],{"class":102},[24,119523,119524,119525,119527],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119526,122],{}," stays the same.",[24,119529,119530,119531,425],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[419,119532,13,119533,424],{"href":74384},[15,119534,74287],{},[70,119536,429,119537,3554],{"id":77796},[15,119538,77730],{},[24,119540,119541,119543],{},[15,119542,1270],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[24,119545,48795],{},[33,119547,119548,119551,119554],{},[36,119549,119550],{},"changes the original list directly",[36,119552,119553],{},"only works on lists",[36,119555,3566,119556],{},[15,119557,3653],{},[1667,119559,34955,119561,73825],{"id":119560},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119562,77730],{},[75,119564,119566],{"className":77,"code":119565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119567,119568,119588,119592,119602,119606],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119569,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582,119584,119586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119571,91],{"class":90},[84,119573,95],{"class":94},[84,119575,3498],{"class":102},[84,119577,1162],{"class":106},[84,119579,282],{"class":102},[84,119581,299],{"class":106},[84,119583,282],{"class":102},[84,119585,304],{"class":106},[84,119587,317],{"class":102},[84,119589,119590],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,119591,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119593,119594,119596,119598,119600],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,119595,122],{"class":90},[84,119597,425],{"class":102},[84,119599,34677],{"class":121},[84,119601,8520],{"class":102},[84,119603,119604],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,119605,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119607,119608,119610,119612,119614],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,119609,116],{"class":98},[84,119611,103],{"class":102},[84,119613,122],{"class":121},[84,119615,110],{"class":102},[24,119617,119618],{},[42,119619,265],{},[75,119621,119622],{"className":77,"code":55018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,119623,119624],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119625,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636,119638],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119627,292],{"class":102},[84,119629,838],{"class":106},[84,119631,282],{"class":102},[84,119633,304],{"class":106},[84,119635,282],{"class":102},[84,119637,309],{"class":106},[84,119639,317],{"class":102},[24,119641,119642,119643,119646],{},"After calling ",[15,119644,119645],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[24,119648,119649,119650,425],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[419,119651,13,119652,10620],{"href":74638},[15,119653,77730],{},[70,119655,119657],{"id":119656},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[24,119659,119660],{},"Here is the core difference:",[33,119662,119663,119672],{},[36,119664,119665,119668,119669],{},[15,119666,119667],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[42,119670,119671],{},"new sorted list",[36,119673,119674,119677,119678,74195],{},[15,119675,119676],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119679,8216],{},[1667,119681,119683],{"id":119682},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[75,119685,119687],{"className":77,"code":119686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119688,119689,119709,119713,119727,119746,119765,119769,119779],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119690,119691,119693,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119692,91],{"class":90},[84,119694,95],{"class":94},[84,119696,3498],{"class":102},[84,119698,107],{"class":106},[84,119700,282],{"class":102},[84,119702,304],{"class":106},[84,119704,282],{"class":102},[84,119706,314],{"class":106},[84,119708,317],{"class":102},[84,119710,119711],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,119712,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119714,119715,119717,119719,119721,119723,119725],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,119716,2436],{"class":90},[84,119718,95],{"class":94},[84,119720,74421],{"class":98},[84,119722,103],{"class":102},[84,119724,122],{"class":121},[84,119726,110],{"class":102},[84,119728,119729,119731,119733,119735,119738,119740,119742,119744],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,119730,116],{"class":98},[84,119732,103],{"class":102},[84,119734,854],{"class":387},[84,119736,119737],{"class":391},"numbers after sorted():",[84,119739,854],{"class":387},[84,119741,282],{"class":102},[84,119743,4137],{"class":121},[84,119745,110],{"class":102},[84,119747,119748,119750,119752,119754,119757,119759,119761,119763],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,119749,116],{"class":98},[84,119751,103],{"class":102},[84,119753,854],{"class":387},[84,119755,119756],{"class":391},"a:",[84,119758,854],{"class":387},[84,119760,282],{"class":102},[84,119762,56755],{"class":121},[84,119764,110],{"class":102},[84,119766,119767],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,119768,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119770,119771,119773,119775,119777],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,119772,122],{"class":90},[84,119774,425],{"class":102},[84,119776,34677],{"class":121},[84,119778,8520],{"class":102},[84,119780,119781,119783,119785,119787,119790,119792,119794,119796],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,119782,116],{"class":98},[84,119784,103],{"class":102},[84,119786,854],{"class":387},[84,119788,119789],{"class":391},"numbers after sort():",[84,119791,854],{"class":387},[84,119793,282],{"class":102},[84,119795,4137],{"class":121},[84,119797,110],{"class":102},[24,119799,119800],{},[42,119801,265],{},[75,119803,119805],{"className":77,"code":119804,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119806,119807,119830,119850],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119808,119809,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119810,119811],{"class":90},"numbers after ",[84,119813,74377],{"class":98},[84,119815,29461],{"class":102},[84,119817,3498],{"class":102},[84,119819,107],{"class":106},[84,119821,282],{"class":102},[84,119823,304],{"class":106},[84,119825,282],{"class":102},[84,119827,314],{"class":106},[84,119829,317],{"class":102},[84,119831,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,119833,419],{"class":90},[84,119835,881],{"class":102},[84,119837,3498],{"class":102},[84,119839,568],{"class":106},[84,119841,282],{"class":102},[84,119843,314],{"class":106},[84,119845,282],{"class":102},[84,119847,285],{"class":106},[84,119849,317],{"class":102},[84,119851,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,119853,119811],{"class":90},[84,119855,34677],{"class":121},[84,119857,29461],{"class":102},[84,119859,3498],{"class":102},[84,119861,568],{"class":106},[84,119863,282],{"class":102},[84,119865,314],{"class":106},[84,119867,282],{"class":102},[84,119869,285],{"class":106},[84,119871,317],{"class":102},[24,119873,10592],{},[33,119875,119876,119881],{},[36,119877,119878,119880],{},[15,119879,74287],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[36,119882,119883,119885],{},[15,119884,1270],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[70,119887,792,119889],{"id":119888},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119890,74287],{},[24,119892,153,119893,799],{},[15,119894,74287],{},[33,119896,119897,119900,119902,119905],{},[36,119898,119899],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[36,119901,118669],{},[36,119903,119904],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[36,119906,119907],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1667,119909,119911],{"id":119910},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[75,119913,119915],{"className":77,"code":119914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119916,119917,119941,119945,119959,119963,119973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119918,119919,119921,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119920,91],{"class":90},[84,119922,95],{"class":94},[84,119924,9115],{"class":102},[84,119926,2386],{"class":106},[84,119928,282],{"class":102},[84,119930,299],{"class":106},[84,119932,282],{"class":102},[84,119934,309],{"class":106},[84,119936,282],{"class":102},[84,119938,304],{"class":106},[84,119940,110],{"class":102},[84,119942,119943],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,119944,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119946,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,119948,2110],{"class":90},[84,119950,95],{"class":94},[84,119952,74421],{"class":98},[84,119954,103],{"class":102},[84,119956,122],{"class":121},[84,119958,110],{"class":102},[84,119960,119961],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,119962,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,119964,119965,119967,119969,119971],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,119966,116],{"class":98},[84,119968,103],{"class":102},[84,119970,2145],{"class":121},[84,119972,110],{"class":102},[84,119974,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,119976,116],{"class":98},[84,119978,103],{"class":102},[84,119980,334],{"class":139},[84,119982,103],{"class":102},[84,119984,2145],{"class":121},[84,119986,232],{"class":102},[24,119988,119989],{},[42,119990,265],{},[75,119992,119994],{"className":77,"code":119993,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119995,119996,120016],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119997,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119999,292],{"class":102},[84,120001,838],{"class":106},[84,120003,282],{"class":102},[84,120005,304],{"class":106},[84,120007,282],{"class":102},[84,120009,309],{"class":106},[84,120011,282],{"class":102},[84,120013,314],{"class":106},[84,120015,317],{"class":102},[84,120017,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026,120028],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120019,380],{"class":94},[84,120021,384],{"class":383},[84,120023,388],{"class":387},[84,120025,140],{"class":391},[84,120027,394],{"class":387},[84,120029,397],{"class":94},[24,120031,2167,120032,120034,120035,425],{},[15,120033,74287],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[42,120036,140],{},[24,120038,120039,120040,120042],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[419,120041,52640],{"href":50848}," is a helpful next step.",[70,120044,792,120046],{"id":120045},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120047,77730],{},[24,120049,153,120050,799],{},[15,120051,77730],{},[33,120053,120054,120057,120060,120063],{},[36,120055,120056],{},"you already have a list",[36,120058,120059],{},"you want to update that list directly",[36,120061,120062],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[36,120064,120065],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1667,120067,120069],{"id":120068},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[75,120071,120073],{"className":77,"code":120072,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120074,120075,120107,120111,120121,120125],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120076,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120078,4868],{"class":90},[84,120080,95],{"class":94},[84,120082,3498],{"class":102},[84,120084,854],{"class":387},[84,120086,4895],{"class":391},[84,120088,854],{"class":387},[84,120090,282],{"class":102},[84,120092,3230],{"class":387},[84,120094,4877],{"class":391},[84,120096,854],{"class":387},[84,120098,282],{"class":102},[84,120100,3230],{"class":387},[84,120102,4886],{"class":391},[84,120104,854],{"class":387},[84,120106,317],{"class":102},[84,120108,120109],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120110,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120112,120113,120115,120117,120119],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,120114,4912],{"class":90},[84,120116,425],{"class":102},[84,120118,34677],{"class":121},[84,120120,8520],{"class":102},[84,120122,120123],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,120124,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120126,120127,120129,120131,120133],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,120128,116],{"class":98},[84,120130,103],{"class":102},[84,120132,4912],{"class":121},[84,120134,110],{"class":102},[24,120136,120137],{},[42,120138,265],{},[75,120140,120142],{"className":77,"code":120141,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120143,120144],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120145,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120147,292],{"class":102},[84,120149,394],{"class":387},[84,120151,4877],{"class":391},[84,120153,394],{"class":387},[84,120155,282],{"class":102},[84,120157,388],{"class":387},[84,120159,4886],{"class":391},[84,120161,394],{"class":387},[84,120163,282],{"class":102},[84,120165,388],{"class":387},[84,120167,4895],{"class":391},[84,120169,394],{"class":387},[84,120171,317],{"class":102},[24,120173,120174],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[24,120176,120177,120178,425],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[419,120179,79736],{"href":78239},[70,120181,120183,28,120185,120187],{"id":120182},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120184,73440],{},[15,120186,14725],{}," work with both",[24,120189,10470,120190,28,120192,120194],{},[15,120191,74287],{},[15,120193,77730],{}," support:",[33,120196,120197,120202],{},[36,120198,120199,120201],{},[15,120200,77954],{}," for descending order",[36,120203,120204,120207],{},[15,120205,120206],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[24,120209,120210],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1667,120212,120214],{"id":120213},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[75,120216,120218],{"className":77,"code":120217,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120219,120220,120240,120244,120266,120270,120288],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120221,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120223,91],{"class":90},[84,120225,95],{"class":94},[84,120227,3498],{"class":102},[84,120229,1162],{"class":106},[84,120231,282],{"class":102},[84,120233,299],{"class":106},[84,120235,282],{"class":102},[84,120237,304],{"class":106},[84,120239,317],{"class":102},[84,120241,120242],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120243,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120245,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,120247,116],{"class":98},[84,120249,103],{"class":102},[84,120251,74377],{"class":98},[84,120253,103],{"class":102},[84,120255,122],{"class":121},[84,120257,282],{"class":102},[84,120259,77933],{"class":9054},[84,120261,95],{"class":94},[84,120263,3481],{"class":659},[84,120265,232],{"class":102},[84,120267,120268],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,120269,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120271,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282,120284,120286],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,120273,122],{"class":90},[84,120275,425],{"class":102},[84,120277,34677],{"class":121},[84,120279,103],{"class":102},[84,120281,73440],{"class":9054},[84,120283,95],{"class":94},[84,120285,3481],{"class":659},[84,120287,110],{"class":102},[84,120289,120290,120292,120294,120296],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,120291,116],{"class":98},[84,120293,103],{"class":102},[84,120295,122],{"class":121},[84,120297,110],{"class":102},[24,120299,120300],{},[42,120301,265],{},[75,120303,120305],{"className":77,"code":120304,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120306,120307,120323],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120308,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120310,292],{"class":102},[84,120312,1162],{"class":106},[84,120314,282],{"class":102},[84,120316,304],{"class":106},[84,120318,282],{"class":102},[84,120320,299],{"class":106},[84,120322,317],{"class":102},[84,120324,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120326,292],{"class":102},[84,120328,1162],{"class":106},[84,120330,282],{"class":102},[84,120332,304],{"class":106},[84,120334,282],{"class":102},[84,120336,299],{"class":106},[84,120338,317],{"class":102},[1667,120340,120342],{"id":120341},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[75,120344,120346],{"className":77,"code":120345,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120347,120348,120380,120384,120410,120414,120436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120349,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120351,3943],{"class":90},[84,120353,95],{"class":94},[84,120355,3498],{"class":102},[84,120357,854],{"class":387},[84,120359,83225],{"class":391},[84,120361,854],{"class":387},[84,120363,282],{"class":102},[84,120365,3230],{"class":387},[84,120367,3952],{"class":391},[84,120369,854],{"class":387},[84,120371,282],{"class":102},[84,120373,3230],{"class":387},[84,120375,118534],{"class":391},[84,120377,854],{"class":387},[84,120379,317],{"class":102},[84,120381,120382],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120383,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120385,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,120387,116],{"class":98},[84,120389,103],{"class":102},[84,120391,74377],{"class":98},[84,120393,103],{"class":102},[84,120395,3987],{"class":121},[84,120397,282],{"class":102},[84,120399,21462],{"class":9054},[84,120401,95],{"class":94},[84,120403,3321],{"class":139},[84,120405,425],{"class":102},[84,120407,8517],{"class":24629},[84,120409,232],{"class":102},[84,120411,120412],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,120413,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120415,120416,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,120417,3987],{"class":90},[84,120419,425],{"class":102},[84,120421,34677],{"class":121},[84,120423,103],{"class":102},[84,120425,14725],{"class":9054},[84,120427,95],{"class":94},[84,120429,3321],{"class":139},[84,120431,425],{"class":102},[84,120433,8517],{"class":24629},[84,120435,110],{"class":102},[84,120437,120438,120440,120442,120444],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,120439,116],{"class":98},[84,120441,103],{"class":102},[84,120443,3987],{"class":121},[84,120445,110],{"class":102},[24,120447,120448],{},[42,120449,265],{},[75,120451,120453],{"className":77,"code":120452,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120454,120455,120483],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120456,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120458,292],{"class":102},[84,120460,394],{"class":387},[84,120462,3952],{"class":391},[84,120464,394],{"class":387},[84,120466,282],{"class":102},[84,120468,388],{"class":387},[84,120470,83225],{"class":391},[84,120472,394],{"class":387},[84,120474,282],{"class":102},[84,120476,388],{"class":387},[84,120478,118534],{"class":391},[84,120480,394],{"class":387},[84,120482,317],{"class":102},[84,120484,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120486,292],{"class":102},[84,120488,394],{"class":387},[84,120490,3952],{"class":391},[84,120492,394],{"class":387},[84,120494,282],{"class":102},[84,120496,388],{"class":387},[84,120498,83225],{"class":391},[84,120500,394],{"class":387},[84,120502,282],{"class":102},[84,120504,388],{"class":387},[84,120506,118534],{"class":391},[84,120508,394],{"class":387},[84,120510,317],{"class":102},[24,120512,1442,120513,120515],{},[15,120514,78448],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[24,120517,120518,120519,425],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[419,120520,120522],{"href":120521},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[70,120524,120526],{"id":120525},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[24,120528,120529],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1667,120531,120533,120534,12479],{"id":120532},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120535,77730],{},[24,120537,120538],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[75,120540,120542],{"className":77,"code":120541,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120543,120544,120564,120568,120582,120586,120596],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120545,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120547,91],{"class":90},[84,120549,95],{"class":94},[84,120551,3498],{"class":102},[84,120553,1162],{"class":106},[84,120555,282],{"class":102},[84,120557,299],{"class":106},[84,120559,282],{"class":102},[84,120561,304],{"class":106},[84,120563,317],{"class":102},[84,120565,120566],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120567,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120569,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,120571,2110],{"class":90},[84,120573,95],{"class":94},[84,120575,4137],{"class":90},[84,120577,425],{"class":102},[84,120579,34677],{"class":121},[84,120581,8520],{"class":102},[84,120583,120584],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,120585,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120587,120588,120590,120592,120594],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,120589,116],{"class":98},[84,120591,103],{"class":102},[84,120593,2145],{"class":121},[84,120595,110],{"class":102},[84,120597,120598,120600,120602,120604],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,120599,116],{"class":98},[84,120601,103],{"class":102},[84,120603,122],{"class":121},[84,120605,110],{"class":102},[24,120607,120608],{},[42,120609,265],{},[75,120611,120612],{"className":77,"code":79071,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,120613,120614,120618],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120615,120616],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120617,11689],{"class":659},[84,120619,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120621,292],{"class":102},[84,120623,838],{"class":106},[84,120625,282],{"class":102},[84,120627,304],{"class":106},[84,120629,282],{"class":102},[84,120631,309],{"class":106},[84,120633,317],{"class":102},[24,120635,11781],{},[33,120637,120638,120643,120648],{},[36,120639,120640,120642],{},[15,120641,119645],{}," sorts the list in place",[36,120644,34892,120645,120647],{},[42,120646,1367],{}," return the sorted list",[36,120649,89849,120650,42027,120652],{},[15,120651,2145],{},[15,120653,3653],{},[1667,120655,120657,120658,120660],{"id":120656},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120659,74287],{}," to change the original list",[75,120662,120664],{"className":77,"code":120663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120665,120666,120686,120690,120700,120704],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120667,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120669,91],{"class":90},[84,120671,95],{"class":94},[84,120673,3498],{"class":102},[84,120675,1162],{"class":106},[84,120677,282],{"class":102},[84,120679,299],{"class":106},[84,120681,282],{"class":102},[84,120683,304],{"class":106},[84,120685,317],{"class":102},[84,120687,120688],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120689,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120691,120692,120694,120696,120698],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,120693,74377],{"class":98},[84,120695,103],{"class":102},[84,120697,122],{"class":121},[84,120699,110],{"class":102},[84,120701,120702],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,120703,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120705,120706,120708,120710,120712],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,120707,116],{"class":98},[84,120709,103],{"class":102},[84,120711,122],{"class":121},[84,120713,110],{"class":102},[24,120715,120716],{},[42,120717,265],{},[75,120719,120720],{"className":77,"code":118866,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,120721,120722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120723,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120725,292],{"class":102},[84,120727,1162],{"class":106},[84,120729,282],{"class":102},[84,120731,299],{"class":106},[84,120733,282],{"class":102},[84,120735,304],{"class":106},[84,120737,317],{"class":102},[24,120739,120740,120743],{},[15,120741,120742],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[24,120745,10687],{},[75,120747,120749],{"className":77,"code":120748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120750,120751,120771,120775,120789,120793],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120752,120753,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763,120765,120767,120769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120754,91],{"class":90},[84,120756,95],{"class":94},[84,120758,3498],{"class":102},[84,120760,1162],{"class":106},[84,120762,282],{"class":102},[84,120764,299],{"class":106},[84,120766,282],{"class":102},[84,120768,304],{"class":106},[84,120770,317],{"class":102},[84,120772,120773],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120774,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120776,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,120778,55509],{"class":90},[84,120780,95],{"class":94},[84,120782,74421],{"class":98},[84,120784,103],{"class":102},[84,120786,122],{"class":121},[84,120788,110],{"class":102},[84,120790,120791],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,120792,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120794,120795,120797,120799,120801],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,120796,116],{"class":98},[84,120798,103],{"class":102},[84,120800,55528],{"class":121},[84,120802,110],{"class":102},[1667,120804,120806,120807,120809],{"id":120805},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120808,1270],{}," on a tuple or string",[75,120811,120812],{"className":77,"code":79173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,120813,120814,120826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120815,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120817,34565],{"class":90},[84,120819,95],{"class":94},[84,120821,3230],{"class":387},[84,120823,79],{"class":391},[84,120825,3236],{"class":387},[84,120827,120828,120830,120832,120834],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120829,34586],{"class":90},[84,120831,425],{"class":102},[84,120833,34677],{"class":121},[84,120835,8520],{"class":102},[24,120837,120838,120839,33478],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120840,1270],{},[24,120842,120843,120845],{},[15,120844,1270],{}," only works on lists.",[24,120847,120848,120849,120851,120852,425],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120850,74287],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[419,120853,5010],{"href":5460},[1667,120855,120857,120858,118903],{"id":120856},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120859,74287],{},[75,120861,120863],{"className":77,"code":120862,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120864,120865,120878,120892,120896,120906],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120866,120867,120869,120871,120873,120876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120868,34565],{"class":90},[84,120870,95],{"class":94},[84,120872,3230],{"class":387},[84,120874,120875],{"class":391},"cab",[84,120877,3236],{"class":387},[84,120879,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120881,2110],{"class":90},[84,120883,95],{"class":94},[84,120885,74421],{"class":98},[84,120887,103],{"class":102},[84,120889,34586],{"class":121},[84,120891,110],{"class":102},[84,120893,120894],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,120895,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,120897,120898,120900,120902,120904],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,120899,116],{"class":98},[84,120901,103],{"class":102},[84,120903,2145],{"class":121},[84,120905,110],{"class":102},[84,120907,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,120909,116],{"class":98},[84,120911,103],{"class":102},[84,120913,334],{"class":139},[84,120915,103],{"class":102},[84,120917,2145],{"class":121},[84,120919,232],{"class":102},[24,120921,120922],{},[42,120923,265],{},[75,120925,120927],{"className":77,"code":120926,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120928,120929,120957],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120930,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120932,292],{"class":102},[84,120934,394],{"class":387},[84,120936,419],{"class":391},[84,120938,394],{"class":387},[84,120940,282],{"class":102},[84,120942,388],{"class":387},[84,120944,4634],{"class":391},[84,120946,394],{"class":387},[84,120948,282],{"class":102},[84,120950,388],{"class":387},[84,120952,9619],{"class":391},[84,120954,394],{"class":387},[84,120956,317],{"class":102},[84,120958,120959,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,120960,380],{"class":94},[84,120962,384],{"class":383},[84,120964,388],{"class":387},[84,120966,140],{"class":391},[84,120968,394],{"class":387},[84,120970,397],{"class":94},[24,120972,120973],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[70,120975,113424],{"id":113423},[24,120977,120978],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[33,120980,120981,120984,120989,120994,121000],{},[36,120982,120983],{},"confusing a function with a method",[36,120985,120986,120987,53513],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120988,1270],{},[36,120990,120991,120992,12479],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120993,77730],{},[36,120995,120996,120997,120999],{},"trying to use ",[15,120998,1270],{}," on non-list data types",[36,121001,50374,121002,121004],{},[15,121003,74287],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[24,121006,121007],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[75,121009,121011],{"className":77,"code":121010,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121012,121013,121023,121037,121062,121077,121087],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121014,121015,121017,121019,121021],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121016,116],{"class":98},[84,121018,103],{"class":102},[84,121020,8216],{"class":121},[84,121022,110],{"class":102},[84,121024,121025,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121026,116],{"class":98},[84,121028,103],{"class":102},[84,121030,74377],{"class":98},[84,121032,103],{"class":102},[84,121034,8216],{"class":121},[84,121036,232],{"class":102},[84,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047,121049,121051,121054,121056,121058,121060],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,121040,2110],{"class":90},[84,121042,95],{"class":94},[84,121044,8272],{"class":90},[84,121046,425],{"class":102},[84,121048,34677],{"class":121},[84,121050,7241],{"class":102},[84,121052,121053],{"class":90},"; ",[84,121055,116],{"class":98},[84,121057,103],{"class":102},[84,121059,2145],{"class":121},[84,121061,110],{"class":102},[84,121063,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072,121075],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,121065,116],{"class":98},[84,121067,103],{"class":102},[84,121069,334],{"class":139},[84,121071,103],{"class":102},[84,121073,121074],{"class":121},"my_data",[84,121076,232],{"class":102},[84,121078,121079,121081,121083,121085],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,121080,32029],{"class":98},[84,121082,103],{"class":102},[84,121084,74377],{"class":98},[84,121086,110],{"class":102},[84,121088,121089,121091,121093,121095,121097,121099],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,121090,32029],{"class":98},[84,121092,103],{"class":102},[84,121094,140],{"class":139},[84,121096,425],{"class":102},[84,121098,34677],{"class":24629},[84,121100,110],{"class":102},[24,121102,84235],{},[33,121104,121105,121108,121112,121120],{},[36,121106,121107],{},"whether your original list changed",[36,121109,25896,121110,11586],{},[15,121111,74287],{},[36,121113,121114,121115,121117,121118],{},"whether ",[15,121116,1270],{}," returned ",[15,121119,3653],{},[36,121121,121122],{},"what type of object you are working with",[70,121124,121126],{"id":121125},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[24,121128,121129],{},"Use this rule:",[33,121131,121132,121140],{},[36,121133,121134,121135,121137,121138],{},"Need a ",[42,121136,119228],{},": use ",[15,121139,74287],{},[36,121141,121142,121143,121137,121146],{},"Need to ",[42,121144,121145],{},"change one list directly",[15,121147,77730],{},[24,121149,121150,121151,121153],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121152,74287],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[70,121155,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,121157,121159,121160,2759,121162,1689],{"id":121158},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121161,74287],{},[15,121163,77730],{},[24,121165,121166,121168],{},[15,121167,74287],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1667,121170,1753,121172,5034,121174,1689],{"id":121171},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121173,77730],{},[15,121175,3653],{},[24,121177,121178],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1667,121180,5043,121182,121184],{"id":121181},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121183,74287],{}," sort a tuple?",[24,121186,121187],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1667,121189,28205,121191,121193],{"id":121190},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121192,1270],{}," on a string?",[24,121195,1676,121196,121198,121199,39800],{},[15,121197,1270],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121200,121201],{},"sorted(string)",[1667,121203,11700,121205,28,121207,121209],{"id":121204},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121206,74287],{},[15,121208,1270],{}," both support descending order?",[24,121211,121212,121213,425],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121214,77954],{},[70,121216,1777],{"id":1776},[33,121218,121219,121225,121231,121235,121239],{},[36,121220,121221],{},[419,121222,13,121223,424],{"href":74384},[15,121224,74287],{},[36,121226,121227],{},[419,121228,13,121229,10620],{"href":74638},[15,121230,77730],{},[36,121232,121233],{},[419,121234,79736],{"href":78239},[36,121236,121237],{},[419,121238,120522],{"href":120521},[36,121240,121241],{},[419,121242,52640],{"href":50848},[1814,121244,121245],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":121247},[121248,121249,121250,121254,121258,121261,121265,121269,121274,121284,121285,121286,121298],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":119316,"depth":113,"text":119317},{"id":117419,"depth":113,"text":119141,"children":121251},[121252],{"id":119383,"depth":132,"text":121253},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77796,"depth":113,"text":79758,"children":121255},[121256],{"id":119560,"depth":132,"text":121257},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119656,"depth":113,"text":119657,"children":121259},[121260],{"id":119682,"depth":132,"text":119683},{"id":119888,"depth":113,"text":121262,"children":121263},"When to use sorted()",[121264],{"id":119910,"depth":132,"text":119911},{"id":120045,"depth":113,"text":121266,"children":121267},"When to use list.sort()",[121268],{"id":120068,"depth":132,"text":120069},{"id":120182,"depth":113,"text":121270,"children":121271},"reverse and key work with both",[121272,121273],{"id":120213,"depth":132,"text":120214},{"id":120341,"depth":132,"text":120342},{"id":120525,"depth":113,"text":120526,"children":121275},[121276,121278,121280,121282],{"id":120532,"depth":132,"text":121277},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120656,"depth":132,"text":121279},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120805,"depth":132,"text":121281},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120856,"depth":132,"text":121283},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113423,"depth":113,"text":113424},{"id":121125,"depth":113,"text":121126},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":121287},[121288,121290,121292,121294,121296],{"id":121158,"depth":132,"text":121289},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121171,"depth":132,"text":121291},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121181,"depth":132,"text":121293},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121190,"depth":132,"text":121295},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121204,"depth":132,"text":121297},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119187,"description":121299},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121305,"title":42048,"body":121306,"description":123038,"extension":1845,"meta":123039,"navigation":237,"path":123040,"seo":123041,"stem":123042,"__hash__":123043},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121307,"toc":122995},[121308,121313,121318,121324,121326,121381,121385,121408,121413,121418,121423,121425,121456,121459,121473,121475,121477,121492,121497,121501,121504,121555,121559,121573,121580,121584,121588,121643,121647,121670,121674,121730,121734,121757,121761,121816,121820,121843,121847,121914,121918,121953,121959,121964,121969,121971,121985,121987,122061,122065,122085,122090,122097,122100,122112,122114,122183,122187,122224,122227,122252,122259,122268,122271,122283,122289,122295,122297,122303,122308,122387,122391,122432,122436,122438,122465,122468,122491,122494,122500,122503,122540,122552,122559,122561,122612,122615,122647,122650,122652,122659,122661,122676,122678,122735,122739,122763,122765,122770,122786,122793,122797,122800,122883,122893,122895,122900,122903,122909,122912,122918,122921,122927,122930,122937,122945,122947,122992],[10,121309,13,121311,3456],{"id":121310},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121312,47552],{},[24,121314,32194,121315,121317],{},[15,121316,47552],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[24,121319,121320,121321,121323],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121322,47552],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[70,121325,1887],{"id":1886},[75,121327,121329],{"className":77,"code":121328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121330,121331,121339,121353,121357,121367],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121332,121333,121335,121337],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121334,21511],{"class":90},[84,121336,95],{"class":94},[84,121338,45098],{"class":106},[84,121340,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121342,34565],{"class":90},[84,121344,95],{"class":94},[84,121346,48772],{"class":139},[84,121348,103],{"class":102},[84,121350,9178],{"class":121},[84,121352,110],{"class":102},[84,121354,121355],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,121356,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,121358,121359,121361,121363,121365],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,121360,116],{"class":98},[84,121362,103],{"class":102},[84,121364,34586],{"class":121},[84,121366,110],{"class":102},[84,121368,121369,121371,121373,121375,121377,121379],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,121370,116],{"class":98},[84,121372,103],{"class":102},[84,121374,334],{"class":139},[84,121376,103],{"class":102},[84,121378,34586],{"class":121},[84,121380,232],{"class":102},[24,121382,121383],{},[42,121384,265],{},[75,121386,121388],{"className":77,"code":121387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121389,121390,121394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121391,121392],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121393,2590],{"class":106},[84,121395,121396,121398,121400,121402,121404,121406],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121397,380],{"class":94},[84,121399,384],{"class":383},[84,121401,388],{"class":387},[84,121403,3321],{"class":391},[84,121405,394],{"class":387},[84,121407,397],{"class":94},[24,121409,153,121410,121412],{},[15,121411,47552],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[70,121414,429,121416,3554],{"id":121415},"what-str-does",[15,121417,47552],{},[24,121419,121420,121422],{},[15,121421,47552],{}," converts a value into a string.",[24,121424,1074],{},[33,121426,121427,121434,121441,121448],{},[36,121428,121429,121430,42027,121432],{},"An integer like ",[15,121431,2212],{},[15,121433,41998],{},[36,121435,121436,121437,42027,121439],{},"A float like ",[15,121438,40014],{},[15,121440,47963],{},[36,121442,121443,121444,42027,121446],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121445,3481],{},[15,121447,6515],{},[36,121449,121450,121451,42027,121453],{},"A list like ",[15,121452,75109],{},[15,121454,121455],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[24,121457,121458],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[33,121460,121461,121464,121467,121470],{},[36,121462,121463],{},"print it",[36,121465,121466],{},"combine it with other strings",[36,121468,121469],{},"save it to a file",[36,121471,121472],{},"use it in messages",[70,121474,2038],{"id":2037},[24,121476,7093],{},[75,121478,121480],{"className":77,"code":121479,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"str(object)\n",[15,121481,121482],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121483,121484,121486,121488,121490],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121485,3321],{"class":139},[84,121487,103],{"class":102},[84,121489,42270],{"class":139},[84,121491,110],{"class":102},[24,121493,532,121494,121496],{},[15,121495,42270],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[24,121498,121499,8102],{},[15,121500,47552],{},[24,121502,121503],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[75,121505,121507],{"className":77,"code":121506,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121508,121509,121518,121541,121545],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121510,121511,121513,121515],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121512,4969],{"class":90},[84,121514,95],{"class":94},[84,121516,121517],{"class":106}," 100\n",[84,121519,121520,121522,121524,121526,121529,121531,121533,121535,121537,121539],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121521,89869],{"class":90},[84,121523,95],{"class":94},[84,121525,3230],{"class":387},[84,121527,121528],{"class":391},"Your score is ",[84,121530,854],{"class":387},[84,121532,2336],{"class":94},[84,121534,48772],{"class":139},[84,121536,103],{"class":102},[84,121538,85382],{"class":121},[84,121540,110],{"class":102},[84,121542,121543],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,121544,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,121548,116],{"class":98},[84,121550,103],{"class":102},[84,121552,89886],{"class":121},[84,121554,110],{"class":102},[24,121556,121557],{},[42,121558,265],{},[75,121560,121562],{"className":77,"code":121561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121563,121564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121565,121566,121569,121571],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121567,121568],{"class":90},"Your score ",[84,121570,12075],{"class":94},[84,121572,121517],{"class":106},[24,121574,2177,121575,121579],{},[419,121576,121577,2184],{"href":2180},[15,121578,2183],{}," can help you check.",[70,121581,121583],{"id":121582},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1667,121585,121587],{"id":121586},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[75,121589,121591],{"className":77,"code":121590,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121592,121593,121601,121615,121619,121629],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121594,121595,121597,121599],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121596,2097],{"class":90},[84,121598,95],{"class":94},[84,121600,2468],{"class":106},[84,121602,121603,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121604,34565],{"class":90},[84,121606,95],{"class":94},[84,121608,48772],{"class":139},[84,121610,103],{"class":102},[84,121612,2120],{"class":121},[84,121614,110],{"class":102},[84,121616,121617],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,121618,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,121620,121621,121623,121625,121627],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,121622,116],{"class":98},[84,121624,103],{"class":102},[84,121626,34586],{"class":121},[84,121628,110],{"class":102},[84,121630,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,121632,116],{"class":98},[84,121634,103],{"class":102},[84,121636,334],{"class":139},[84,121638,103],{"class":102},[84,121640,34586],{"class":121},[84,121642,232],{"class":102},[24,121644,121645],{},[42,121646,265],{},[75,121648,121650],{"className":77,"code":121649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121651,121652,121656],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121653,121654],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121655,2258],{"class":106},[84,121657,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666,121668],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121659,380],{"class":94},[84,121661,384],{"class":383},[84,121663,388],{"class":387},[84,121665,3321],{"class":391},[84,121667,394],{"class":387},[84,121669,397],{"class":94},[1667,121671,121673],{"id":121672},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[75,121675,121677],{"className":77,"code":121676,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121678,121679,121688,121702,121706,121716],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121680,121681,121683,121685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121682,40258],{"class":90},[84,121684,95],{"class":94},[84,121686,121687],{"class":106}," 3.14\n",[84,121689,121690,121692,121694,121696,121698,121700],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121691,34565],{"class":90},[84,121693,95],{"class":94},[84,121695,48772],{"class":139},[84,121697,103],{"class":102},[84,121699,25028],{"class":121},[84,121701,110],{"class":102},[84,121703,121704],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,121705,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,121707,121708,121710,121712,121714],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,121709,116],{"class":98},[84,121711,103],{"class":102},[84,121713,34586],{"class":121},[84,121715,110],{"class":102},[84,121717,121718,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,121719,116],{"class":98},[84,121721,103],{"class":102},[84,121723,334],{"class":139},[84,121725,103],{"class":102},[84,121727,34586],{"class":121},[84,121729,232],{"class":102},[24,121731,121732],{},[42,121733,265],{},[75,121735,121737],{"className":77,"code":121736,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121738,121739,121743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121740,121741],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121742,40048],{"class":106},[84,121744,121745,121747,121749,121751,121753,121755],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121746,380],{"class":94},[84,121748,384],{"class":383},[84,121750,388],{"class":387},[84,121752,3321],{"class":391},[84,121754,394],{"class":387},[84,121756,397],{"class":94},[1667,121758,121760],{"id":121759},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[75,121762,121764],{"className":77,"code":121763,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121765,121766,121774,121788,121792,121802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121767,121768,121770,121772],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121769,2329],{"class":90},[84,121771,95],{"class":94},[84,121773,6296],{"class":659},[84,121775,121776,121778,121780,121782,121784,121786],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121777,34565],{"class":90},[84,121779,95],{"class":94},[84,121781,48772],{"class":139},[84,121783,103],{"class":102},[84,121785,2354],{"class":121},[84,121787,110],{"class":102},[84,121789,121790],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,121791,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,121793,121794,121796,121798,121800],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,121795,116],{"class":98},[84,121797,103],{"class":102},[84,121799,34586],{"class":121},[84,121801,110],{"class":102},[84,121803,121804,121806,121808,121810,121812,121814],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,121805,116],{"class":98},[84,121807,103],{"class":102},[84,121809,334],{"class":139},[84,121811,103],{"class":102},[84,121813,34586],{"class":121},[84,121815,232],{"class":102},[24,121817,121818],{},[42,121819,265],{},[75,121821,121823],{"className":77,"code":121822,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121824,121825,121829],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121826,121827],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121828,660],{"class":659},[84,121830,121831,121833,121835,121837,121839,121841],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121832,380],{"class":94},[84,121834,384],{"class":383},[84,121836,388],{"class":387},[84,121838,3321],{"class":391},[84,121840,394],{"class":387},[84,121842,397],{"class":94},[1667,121844,121846],{"id":121845},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[75,121848,121850],{"className":77,"code":121849,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121851,121852,121872,121886,121890,121900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121853,121854,121856,121858,121860,121862,121864,121866,121868,121870],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121855,7656],{"class":90},[84,121857,95],{"class":94},[84,121859,3498],{"class":102},[84,121861,838],{"class":106},[84,121863,282],{"class":102},[84,121865,304],{"class":106},[84,121867,282],{"class":102},[84,121869,309],{"class":106},[84,121871,317],{"class":102},[84,121873,121874,121876,121878,121880,121882,121884],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121875,34565],{"class":90},[84,121877,95],{"class":94},[84,121879,48772],{"class":139},[84,121881,103],{"class":102},[84,121883,7687],{"class":121},[84,121885,110],{"class":102},[84,121887,121888],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,121889,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,121891,121892,121894,121896,121898],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,121893,116],{"class":98},[84,121895,103],{"class":102},[84,121897,34586],{"class":121},[84,121899,110],{"class":102},[84,121901,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910,121912],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,121903,116],{"class":98},[84,121905,103],{"class":102},[84,121907,334],{"class":139},[84,121909,103],{"class":102},[84,121911,34586],{"class":121},[84,121913,232],{"class":102},[24,121915,121916],{},[42,121917,265],{},[75,121919,121921],{"className":77,"code":121920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121922,121923,121939],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121924,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121926,292],{"class":102},[84,121928,838],{"class":106},[84,121930,282],{"class":102},[84,121932,304],{"class":106},[84,121934,282],{"class":102},[84,121936,309],{"class":106},[84,121938,317],{"class":102},[84,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,121942,380],{"class":94},[84,121944,384],{"class":383},[84,121946,388],{"class":387},[84,121948,3321],{"class":391},[84,121950,394],{"class":387},[84,121952,397],{"class":94},[24,121954,121955,121956,121958],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[42,121957,1367],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[70,121960,792,121962],{"id":121961},"when-to-use-str",[15,121963,47552],{},[24,121965,153,121966,121968],{},[15,121967,47552],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[24,121970,36300],{},[33,121972,121973,121976,121979,121982],{},[36,121974,121975],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[36,121977,121978],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[36,121980,121981],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[36,121983,121984],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[24,121986,190],{},[75,121988,121990],{"className":77,"code":121989,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121991,121992,122004,122012,122016,122051],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121993,121994,121996,121998,122000,122002],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121995,7754],{"class":90},[84,121997,95],{"class":94},[84,121999,3230],{"class":387},[84,122001,11389],{"class":391},[84,122003,3236],{"class":387},[84,122005,122006,122008,122010],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122007,21511],{"class":90},[84,122009,95],{"class":94},[84,122011,45098],{"class":106},[84,122013,122014],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122015,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,122017,122018,122020,122022,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044,122046,122049],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,122019,89869],{"class":90},[84,122021,95],{"class":94},[84,122023,35845],{"class":90},[84,122025,1943],{"class":94},[84,122027,3230],{"class":387},[84,122029,4657],{"class":391},[84,122031,854],{"class":387},[84,122033,2336],{"class":94},[84,122035,48772],{"class":139},[84,122037,103],{"class":102},[84,122039,9178],{"class":121},[84,122041,125],{"class":102},[84,122043,2336],{"class":94},[84,122045,3230],{"class":387},[84,122047,122048],{"class":391}," years old.",[84,122050,3236],{"class":387},[84,122052,122053,122055,122057,122059],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,122054,116],{"class":98},[84,122056,103],{"class":102},[84,122058,89886],{"class":121},[84,122060,110],{"class":102},[24,122062,122063],{},[42,122064,265],{},[75,122066,122068],{"className":77,"code":122067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122069,122070],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122071,122072,122075,122077,122079,122082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122073,122074],{"class":90},"Maya ",[84,122076,12075],{"class":94},[84,122078,9185],{"class":106},[84,122080,122081],{"class":90}," years old",[84,122083,122084],{"class":102},".\n",[24,122086,122087,122088,425],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[419,122089,89555],{"href":89554},[70,122091,122093,18,122095],{"id":122092},"str-vs-print",[15,122094,47552],{},[15,122096,46323],{},[24,122098,122099],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[33,122101,122102,122107],{},[36,122103,122104,122106],{},[15,122105,47552],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[36,122108,122109,122111],{},[15,122110,46323],{}," displays output on the screen",[24,122113,190],{},[75,122115,122117],{"className":77,"code":122116,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122118,122119,122127,122131,122145,122155,122169],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122120,122121,122123,122125],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122122,2329],{"class":90},[84,122124,95],{"class":94},[84,122126,2650],{"class":106},[84,122128,122129],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122130,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,122132,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141,122143],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122134,34565],{"class":90},[84,122136,95],{"class":94},[84,122138,48772],{"class":139},[84,122140,103],{"class":102},[84,122142,2354],{"class":121},[84,122144,110],{"class":102},[84,122146,122147,122149,122151,122153],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,122148,116],{"class":98},[84,122150,103],{"class":102},[84,122152,34586],{"class":121},[84,122154,110],{"class":102},[84,122156,122157,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,122158,116],{"class":98},[84,122160,103],{"class":102},[84,122162,334],{"class":139},[84,122164,103],{"class":102},[84,122166,34586],{"class":121},[84,122168,232],{"class":102},[84,122170,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,122172,116],{"class":98},[84,122174,103],{"class":102},[84,122176,334],{"class":139},[84,122178,103],{"class":102},[84,122180,2354],{"class":121},[84,122182,232],{"class":102},[24,122184,122185],{},[42,122186,265],{},[75,122188,122190],{"className":77,"code":122189,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122191,122192,122196,122210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122193,122194],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122195,46483],{"class":106},[84,122197,122198,122200,122202,122204,122206,122208],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122199,380],{"class":94},[84,122201,384],{"class":383},[84,122203,388],{"class":387},[84,122205,3321],{"class":391},[84,122207,394],{"class":387},[84,122209,397],{"class":94},[84,122211,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122213,380],{"class":94},[84,122215,384],{"class":383},[84,122217,388],{"class":387},[84,122219,2070],{"class":391},[84,122221,394],{"class":387},[84,122223,397],{"class":94},[24,122225,122226],{},"Notice:",[33,122228,122229,122235,122240],{},[36,122230,122231,122234],{},[15,122232,122233],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[36,122236,122237,122239],{},[15,122238,46323],{}," only displayed values",[36,122241,122242,122244,122245,122247,122248,61167,122250],{},[15,122243,46323],{}," did not change ",[15,122246,2354],{}," from ",[15,122249,2070],{},[15,122251,3321],{},[24,122253,122254,122255,425],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[419,122256,122257,2184],{"href":46320},[15,122258,46323],{},[70,122260,122262,18,122264,122267],{"id":122261},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122263,47552],{},[15,122265,122266],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[24,122269,122270],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[33,122272,122273,122278],{},[36,122274,122275,122277],{},[15,122276,47552],{}," is the more readable text version",[36,122279,122280,122282],{},[15,122281,122266],{}," is more developer-focused",[24,122284,122285,122286,122288],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122287,47552],{}," much more often.",[24,122290,122291,122292,122294],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122293,47552],{}," is usually the right choice.",[70,122296,4393],{"id":4392},[1667,122298,25651,122300,122302],{"id":122299},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122301,47552],{}," changes the original variable",[24,122304,122305,122307],{},[15,122306,47552],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[75,122309,122311],{"className":77,"code":122310,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122312,122313,122321,122335,122339,122349,122363,122373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122314,122315,122317,122319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122316,21511],{"class":90},[84,122318,95],{"class":94},[84,122320,45098],{"class":106},[84,122322,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331,122333],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122324,34565],{"class":90},[84,122326,95],{"class":94},[84,122328,48772],{"class":139},[84,122330,103],{"class":102},[84,122332,9178],{"class":121},[84,122334,110],{"class":102},[84,122336,122337],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122338,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,122340,122341,122343,122345,122347],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,122342,116],{"class":98},[84,122344,103],{"class":102},[84,122346,9178],{"class":121},[84,122348,110],{"class":102},[84,122350,122351,122353,122355,122357,122359,122361],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,122352,116],{"class":98},[84,122354,103],{"class":102},[84,122356,334],{"class":139},[84,122358,103],{"class":102},[84,122360,9178],{"class":121},[84,122362,232],{"class":102},[84,122364,122365,122367,122369,122371],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,122366,116],{"class":98},[84,122368,103],{"class":102},[84,122370,34586],{"class":121},[84,122372,110],{"class":102},[84,122374,122375,122377,122379,122381,122383,122385],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,122376,116],{"class":98},[84,122378,103],{"class":102},[84,122380,334],{"class":139},[84,122382,103],{"class":102},[84,122384,34586],{"class":121},[84,122386,232],{"class":102},[24,122388,122389],{},[42,122390,265],{},[75,122392,122394],{"className":77,"code":122393,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122395,122396,122400,122414,122418],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122397,122398],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122399,2590],{"class":106},[84,122401,122402,122404,122406,122408,122410,122412],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122403,380],{"class":94},[84,122405,384],{"class":383},[84,122407,388],{"class":387},[84,122409,2070],{"class":391},[84,122411,394],{"class":387},[84,122413,397],{"class":94},[84,122415,122416],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122417,2590],{"class":106},[84,122419,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,122421,380],{"class":94},[84,122423,384],{"class":383},[84,122425,388],{"class":387},[84,122427,3321],{"class":391},[84,122429,394],{"class":387},[84,122431,397],{"class":94},[1667,122433,122435],{"id":122434},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[24,122437,6562],{},[75,122439,122441],{"className":77,"code":122440,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122442,122443,122451],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122444,122445,122447,122449],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122446,21511],{"class":90},[84,122448,95],{"class":94},[84,122450,45098],{"class":106},[84,122452,122453,122455,122457,122459,122461,122463],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122454,34565],{"class":90},[84,122456,95],{"class":94},[84,122458,48772],{"class":139},[84,122460,103],{"class":102},[84,122462,9178],{"class":121},[84,122464,110],{"class":102},[24,122466,122467],{},"But if you only do this:",[75,122469,122471],{"className":77,"code":122470,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122472,122473,122481],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122474,122475,122477,122479],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122476,21511],{"class":90},[84,122478,95],{"class":94},[84,122480,45098],{"class":106},[84,122482,122483,122485,122487,122489],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122484,3321],{"class":139},[84,122486,103],{"class":102},[84,122488,9178],{"class":121},[84,122490,110],{"class":102},[24,122492,122493],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1667,122495,1442,122497,122499],{"id":122496},"using-str-too-early",[15,122498,47552],{}," too early",[24,122501,122502],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[75,122504,122506],{"className":77,"code":122505,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122507,122508,122516,122531,122535],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122509,122510,122512,122514],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122511,40258],{"class":90},[84,122513,95],{"class":94},[84,122515,2468],{"class":106},[84,122517,122518,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122519,122520],{"class":90},"text_price ",[84,122522,95],{"class":94},[84,122524,48772],{"class":139},[84,122526,103],{"class":102},[84,122528,25028],{"class":121},[84,122530,110],{"class":102},[84,122532,122533],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122534,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,122536,122537],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,122538,122539],{"class":128},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[24,122541,122542,122543,2759,122547,122551],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[419,122544,122545],{"href":2755},[15,122546,2758],{},[419,122548,122549],{"href":2762},[15,122550,2765],{},", depending on the situation.",[1667,122553,8329,122555,122558],{"id":122554},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122556,122557],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[24,122560,64508],{},[75,122562,122564],{"className":77,"code":122563,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122565,122566,122598],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122567,122568,122570,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122569,7656],{"class":90},[84,122571,95],{"class":94},[84,122573,3498],{"class":102},[84,122575,854],{"class":387},[84,122577,3952],{"class":391},[84,122579,854],{"class":387},[84,122581,282],{"class":102},[84,122583,3230],{"class":387},[84,122585,3961],{"class":391},[84,122587,854],{"class":387},[84,122589,282],{"class":102},[84,122591,3230],{"class":387},[84,122593,33098],{"class":391},[84,122595,854],{"class":387},[84,122597,317],{"class":102},[84,122599,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122601,116],{"class":98},[84,122603,103],{"class":102},[84,122605,3321],{"class":139},[84,122607,103],{"class":102},[84,122609,7687],{"class":121},[84,122611,232],{"class":102},[24,122613,122614],{},"prints:",[75,122616,122617],{"className":77,"code":72699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,122618,122619],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122620,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122622,292],{"class":102},[84,122624,394],{"class":387},[84,122626,3952],{"class":391},[84,122628,394],{"class":387},[84,122630,282],{"class":102},[84,122632,388],{"class":387},[84,122634,3961],{"class":391},[84,122636,394],{"class":387},[84,122638,282],{"class":102},[84,122640,388],{"class":387},[84,122642,33098],{"class":391},[84,122644,394],{"class":387},[84,122646,317],{"class":102},[24,122648,122649],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[70,122651,17301],{"id":17300},[24,122653,122654,173,122656,425],{},[15,122655,47552],{},[42,122657,122658],{},"new string",[24,122660,11338],{},[33,122662,122663,122666,122669],{},[36,122664,122665],{},"It always returns a string",[36,122667,122668],{},"It does not modify the original object",[36,122670,7639,122671,122675],{},[419,122672,122673],{"href":2180},[15,122674,2183],{}," to confirm the result",[24,122677,190],{},[75,122679,122681],{"className":77,"code":122680,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122682,122683,122691,122706,122710,122721],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122684,122685,122687,122689],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122686,2329],{"class":90},[84,122688,95],{"class":94},[84,122690,14014],{"class":106},[84,122692,122693,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122694,122695],{"class":90},"converted ",[84,122697,95],{"class":94},[84,122699,48772],{"class":139},[84,122701,103],{"class":102},[84,122703,2354],{"class":121},[84,122705,110],{"class":102},[84,122707,122708],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122709,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,122711,122712,122714,122716,122719],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,122713,116],{"class":98},[84,122715,103],{"class":102},[84,122717,122718],{"class":121},"converted",[84,122720,110],{"class":102},[84,122722,122723,122725,122727,122729,122731,122733],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,122724,116],{"class":98},[84,122726,103],{"class":102},[84,122728,334],{"class":139},[84,122730,103],{"class":102},[84,122732,122718],{"class":121},[84,122734,232],{"class":102},[24,122736,122737],{},[42,122738,265],{},[75,122740,122742],{"className":77,"code":122741,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122743,122744,122749],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122745,122746],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122747,122748],{"class":106},"99\n",[84,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122752,380],{"class":94},[84,122754,384],{"class":383},[84,122756,388],{"class":387},[84,122758,3321],{"class":391},[84,122760,394],{"class":387},[84,122762,397],{"class":94},[70,122764,113424],{"id":113423},[24,122766,122767,122768,74678],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122769,47552],{},[33,122771,122772,122775,122778,122783],{},[36,122773,122774],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[36,122776,122777],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[36,122779,1442,122780,122782],{},[15,122781,47552],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[36,122784,122785],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[24,122787,122788,122789,425],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[419,122790,1278,122791],{"href":90267},[15,122792,90268],{},[70,122794,122796],{"id":122795},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[24,122798,122799],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[75,122801,122803],{"className":77,"code":122802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122804,122805,122813,122817,122827,122841,122845,122859,122869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122806,122807,122809,122811],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122808,2329],{"class":90},[84,122810,95],{"class":94},[84,122812,45098],{"class":106},[84,122814,122815],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,122816,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,122818,122819,122821,122823,122825],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,122820,116],{"class":98},[84,122822,103],{"class":102},[84,122824,2354],{"class":121},[84,122826,110],{"class":102},[84,122828,122829,122831,122833,122835,122837,122839],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,122830,116],{"class":98},[84,122832,103],{"class":102},[84,122834,334],{"class":139},[84,122836,103],{"class":102},[84,122838,2354],{"class":121},[84,122840,232],{"class":102},[84,122842,122843],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,122844,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,122846,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855,122857],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,122848,122695],{"class":90},[84,122850,95],{"class":94},[84,122852,48772],{"class":139},[84,122854,103],{"class":102},[84,122856,2354],{"class":121},[84,122858,110],{"class":102},[84,122860,122861,122863,122865,122867],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,122862,116],{"class":98},[84,122864,103],{"class":102},[84,122866,122718],{"class":121},[84,122868,110],{"class":102},[84,122870,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,122872,116],{"class":98},[84,122874,103],{"class":102},[84,122876,334],{"class":139},[84,122878,103],{"class":102},[84,122880,122718],{"class":121},[84,122882,232],{"class":102},[24,122884,122885,122886,1263,122888,122890,122891,425],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122887,2070],{},[15,122889,2073],{},", or another type into ",[15,122892,3321],{},[70,122894,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,122896,5016,122898,5019],{"id":122897},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122899,47552],{},[24,122901,122902],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1667,122904,12586,122906,122908],{"id":122905},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122907,47552],{}," change the original variable?",[24,122910,122911],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1667,122913,5043,122915,122917],{"id":122914},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122916,47552],{}," convert numbers to text?",[24,122919,122920],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1667,122922,1683,122924,122926],{"id":122923},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122925,47552],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[24,122928,122929],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1667,122931,1670,122933,57073,122935,1689],{"id":122932},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122934,47552],{},[15,122936,46323],{},[24,122938,1676,122939,122941,122942,122944],{},[15,122940,47552],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122943,46323],{}," shows output.",[70,122946,1777],{"id":1776},[33,122948,122949,122955,122961,122967,122973,122982,122986],{},[36,122950,122951],{},[419,122952,122953,424],{"href":46320},[15,122954,46323],{},[36,122956,122957],{},[419,122958,122959,424],{"href":2180},[15,122960,2183],{},[36,122962,122963],{},[419,122964,122965,424],{"href":2755},[15,122966,2758],{},[36,122968,122969],{},[419,122970,122971,424],{"href":2762},[15,122972,2765],{},[36,122974,122975],{},[419,122976,122978,122979,122981],{"href":122977},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122980,2070],{}," to string in Python",[36,122983,122984],{},[419,122985,90545],{"href":89554},[36,122987,122988],{},[419,122989,30223,122990],{"href":90267},[15,122991,90268],{},[1814,122993,122994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":122996},[122997,122998,123000,123001,123007,123009,123011,123013,123022,123023,123024,123025,123037],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":121415,"depth":113,"text":122999},"What str() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":121582,"depth":113,"text":121583,"children":123002},[123003,123004,123005,123006],{"id":121586,"depth":132,"text":121587},{"id":121672,"depth":132,"text":121673},{"id":121759,"depth":132,"text":121760},{"id":121845,"depth":132,"text":121846},{"id":121961,"depth":113,"text":123008},"When to use str()",{"id":122092,"depth":113,"text":123010},"str() vs print()",{"id":122261,"depth":113,"text":123012},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":123014},[123015,123017,123018,123020],{"id":122299,"depth":132,"text":123016},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122434,"depth":132,"text":122435},{"id":122496,"depth":132,"text":123019},"Using str() too early",{"id":122554,"depth":132,"text":123021},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":113423,"depth":113,"text":113424},{"id":122795,"depth":113,"text":122796},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":123026},[123027,123029,123031,123033,123035],{"id":122897,"depth":132,"text":123028},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122905,"depth":132,"text":123030},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122914,"depth":132,"text":123032},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122923,"depth":132,"text":123034},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122932,"depth":132,"text":123036},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42048,"description":123038},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123045,"title":123046,"body":123047,"description":124500,"extension":1845,"meta":124501,"navigation":237,"path":124502,"seo":124503,"stem":124504,"__hash__":124505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123048,"toc":124462},[123049,123055,123061,123064,123086,123088,123150,123152,123165,123171,123176,123181,123183,123196,123207,123209,123236,123238,123255,123262,123273,123275,123280,123282,123294,123302,123311,123313,123316,123369,123371,123379,123387,123391,123396,123436,123438,123446,123449,123451,123491,123493,123501,123511,123517,123520,123593,123595,123608,123612,123617,123645,123648,123683,123685,123693,123696,123700,123704,123706,123722,123724,123764,123766,123774,123783,123826,123828,123836,123838,123842,123848,123851,123891,123893,123901,123906,123909,123952,123956,123959,123994,123999,124001,124040,124050,124058,124068,124076,124080,124085,124087,124128,124130,124138,124143,124146,124149,124167,124173,124177,124182,124185,124225,124227,124232,124331,124334,124350,124352,124371,124373,124380,124383,124389,124392,124398,124402,124408,124411,124417,124420,124422,124459],[10,123050,123052,123053,11201],{"id":123051},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123054,57158],{},[24,123056,123057,123058,123060],{},"The Python string ",[15,123059,57158],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[24,123062,123063],{},"This reference page explains:",[33,123065,123066,123070,123073,123075,123083],{},[36,123067,25896,123068,3554],{},[15,123069,57158],{},[36,123071,123072],{},"its syntax",[36,123074,35272],{},[36,123076,123077,123078,28,123080,123082],{},"how ",[15,123079,35949],{},[15,123081,52529],{}," work",[36,123084,123085],{},"common beginner mistakes",[70,123087,1887],{"id":1886},[75,123089,123091],{"className":77,"code":123090,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123092,123093,123105,123127],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123094,123095,123097,123099,123101,123103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123096,34565],{"class":90},[84,123098,95],{"class":94},[84,123100,3230],{"class":387},[84,123102,3961],{"class":391},[84,123104,3236],{"class":387},[84,123106,123107,123109,123111,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123,123125],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123108,116],{"class":98},[84,123110,103],{"class":102},[84,123112,34586],{"class":121},[84,123114,425],{"class":102},[84,123116,41131],{"class":121},[84,123118,103],{"class":102},[84,123120,854],{"class":387},[84,123122,419],{"class":391},[84,123124,854],{"class":387},[84,123126,232],{"class":102},[84,123128,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139,123141,123143,123146,123148],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,123130,116],{"class":98},[84,123132,103],{"class":102},[84,123134,34586],{"class":121},[84,123136,425],{"class":102},[84,123138,41131],{"class":121},[84,123140,103],{"class":102},[84,123142,854],{"class":387},[84,123144,123145],{"class":391},"na",[84,123147,854],{"class":387},[84,123149,232],{"class":102},[24,123151,265],{},[75,123153,123155],{"className":77,"code":123154,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n2\n",[15,123156,123157,123161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123158,123159],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123160,524],{"class":106},[84,123162,123163],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123164,519],{"class":106},[24,123166,153,123167,123170],{},[15,123168,123169],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[70,123172,12879,123174,12882],{"id":123173},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123175,57158],{},[24,123177,123178,123180],{},[15,123179,57158],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[24,123182,12935],{},[33,123184,123185,123188,123191,123193],{},[36,123186,123187],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[36,123189,123190],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[36,123192,43530],{},[36,123194,123195],{},"It does not change the original string",[24,123197,123198,123199,123201,123202,1263,123204,123206],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123200,17979],{}," characters are in ",[15,123203,65138],{},[15,123205,57158],{}," is a simple choice.",[70,123208,2038],{"id":2037},[75,123210,123212],{"className":77,"code":123211,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123213,123214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123215,123216,123218,123220,123222,123224,123226,123228,123230,123232,123234],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123217,61040],{"class":90},[84,123219,425],{"class":102},[84,123221,41131],{"class":121},[84,123223,103],{"class":102},[84,123225,2354],{"class":121},[84,123227,282],{"class":102},[84,123229,35928],{"class":121},[84,123231,282],{"class":102},[84,123233,64904],{"class":121},[84,123235,110],{"class":102},[1667,123237,17277],{"id":17276},[33,123239,123240,123245,123250],{},[36,123241,123242,123244],{},[15,123243,2354],{},": the text to search for",[36,123246,123247,123249],{},[15,123248,35949],{},": optional; where counting begins",[36,123251,123252,123254],{},[15,123253,52529],{},": optional; where counting stops",[24,123256,123257,28,123259,123261],{},[15,123258,35949],{},[15,123260,52529],{}," work like slice positions:",[33,123263,123264,123269],{},[36,123265,123266,123268],{},[15,123267,35949],{}," is included",[36,123270,123271,75604],{},[15,123272,52529],{},[70,123274,17301],{"id":17300},[24,123276,123277,123279],{},[15,123278,57158],{}," returns a whole number.",[24,123281,2006],{},[33,123283,123284,123289],{},[36,123285,123286,123287],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123288,1162],{},[36,123290,123291,123292],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123293,279],{},[24,123295,40777,123296,5034,123298,2759,123300,425],{},[42,123297,1367],{},[15,123299,3481],{},[15,123301,3548],{},[24,123303,123304,123305,123310],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[419,123306,123308,101298],{"href":123307},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123309,476],{}," is often a better fit.",[70,123312,11355],{"id":11354},[24,123314,123315],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[75,123317,123319],{"className":77,"code":123318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123320,123321,123333,123355,123359],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123322,123323,123325,123327,123329,123331],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123324,34565],{"class":90},[84,123326,95],{"class":94},[84,123328,3230],{"class":387},[84,123330,3952],{"class":391},[84,123332,3236],{"class":387},[84,123334,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349,123351,123353],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123336,2110],{"class":90},[84,123338,95],{"class":94},[84,123340,42713],{"class":90},[84,123342,425],{"class":102},[84,123344,41131],{"class":121},[84,123346,103],{"class":102},[84,123348,854],{"class":387},[84,123350,24],{"class":391},[84,123352,854],{"class":387},[84,123354,110],{"class":102},[84,123356,123357],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,123358,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,123360,123361,123363,123365,123367],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,123362,116],{"class":98},[84,123364,103],{"class":102},[84,123366,2145],{"class":121},[84,123368,110],{"class":102},[24,123370,265],{},[75,123372,123373],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123374,123375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123376,123377],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123378,519],{"class":106},[24,123380,63685,123381,123384,123385,425],{},[15,123382,123383],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123386,57701],{},[70,123388,123390],{"id":123389},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[24,123392,123393,123395],{},[15,123394,57158],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[75,123397,123399],{"className":77,"code":123398,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123400,123401,123414],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123402,123403,123405,123407,123409,123412],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123404,34565],{"class":90},[84,123406,95],{"class":94},[84,123408,3230],{"class":387},[84,123410,123411],{"class":391},"cat dog cat bird cat",[84,123413,3236],{"class":387},[84,123415,123416,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430,123432,123434],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123417,116],{"class":98},[84,123419,103],{"class":102},[84,123421,34586],{"class":121},[84,123423,425],{"class":102},[84,123425,41131],{"class":121},[84,123427,103],{"class":102},[84,123429,854],{"class":387},[84,123431,36919],{"class":391},[84,123433,854],{"class":387},[84,123435,232],{"class":102},[24,123437,265],{},[75,123439,123440],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123441,123442],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123443,123444],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123445,524],{"class":106},[24,123447,123448],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[24,123450,190],{},[75,123452,123454],{"className":77,"code":123453,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123455,123456,123469],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123457,123458,123460,123462,123464,123467],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123459,34565],{"class":90},[84,123461,95],{"class":94},[84,123463,3230],{"class":387},[84,123465,123466],{"class":391},"one One one",[84,123468,3236],{"class":387},[84,123470,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123472,116],{"class":98},[84,123474,103],{"class":102},[84,123476,34586],{"class":121},[84,123478,425],{"class":102},[84,123480,41131],{"class":121},[84,123482,103],{"class":102},[84,123484,854],{"class":387},[84,123486,6459],{"class":391},[84,123488,854],{"class":387},[84,123490,232],{"class":102},[24,123492,265],{},[75,123494,123495],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123496,123497],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123498,123499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123500,519],{"class":106},[24,123502,123503,123504,123507,123508,123510],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123505,123506],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123509,57158],{}," is case-sensitive.",[70,123512,1442,123513,28,123515],{"id":65270},[15,123514,35949],{},[15,123516,52529],{},[24,123518,123519],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[75,123521,123523],{"className":77,"code":123522,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123524,123525,123537,123563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123526,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123528,34565],{"class":90},[84,123530,95],{"class":94},[84,123532,3230],{"class":387},[84,123534,3961],{"class":391},[84,123536,3236],{"class":387},[84,123538,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123540,116],{"class":98},[84,123542,103],{"class":102},[84,123544,34586],{"class":121},[84,123546,425],{"class":102},[84,123548,41131],{"class":121},[84,123550,103],{"class":102},[84,123552,854],{"class":387},[84,123554,419],{"class":391},[84,123556,854],{"class":387},[84,123558,282],{"class":102},[84,123560,304],{"class":106},[84,123562,232],{"class":102},[84,123564,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585,123587,123589,123591],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,123566,116],{"class":98},[84,123568,103],{"class":102},[84,123570,34586],{"class":121},[84,123572,425],{"class":102},[84,123574,41131],{"class":121},[84,123576,103],{"class":102},[84,123578,854],{"class":387},[84,123580,419],{"class":391},[84,123582,854],{"class":387},[84,123584,282],{"class":102},[84,123586,304],{"class":106},[84,123588,282],{"class":102},[84,123590,285],{"class":106},[84,123592,232],{"class":102},[24,123594,265],{},[75,123596,123598],{"className":77,"code":123597,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n1\n",[15,123599,123600,123604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123601,123602],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123603,519],{"class":106},[84,123605,123606],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123607,514],{"class":106},[1667,123609,123611],{"id":123610},"how-this-works","How this works",[24,123613,123614,123615,881],{},"In ",[15,123616,65138],{},[33,123618,123619,123627,123635],{},[36,123620,70828,123621,123623,123624],{},[15,123622,568],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123625,123626],{},"\"n\"",[36,123628,123629,123632,123633,75902],{},[15,123630,123631],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123634,568],{},[36,123636,123637,123632,123640,123642,123643],{},[15,123638,123639],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123641,568],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123644,107],{},[24,123646,123647],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[75,123649,123651],{"className":77,"code":123650,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123652,123653,123665],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123654,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123656,34565],{"class":90},[84,123658,95],{"class":94},[84,123660,3230],{"class":387},[84,123662,3961],{"class":391},[84,123664,3236],{"class":387},[84,123666,123667,123669,123671,123673,123675,123677,123679,123681],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123668,116],{"class":98},[84,123670,103],{"class":102},[84,123672,34586],{"class":121},[84,123674,292],{"class":102},[84,123676,568],{"class":106},[84,123678,881],{"class":102},[84,123680,107],{"class":106},[84,123682,741],{"class":102},[24,123684,265],{},[75,123686,123687],{"className":77,"code":41340,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123688,123689],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123690,123691],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123692,41340],{"class":90},[24,123694,123695],{},"Only that section is searched.",[70,123697,123699],{"id":123698},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[24,123701,123702,123510],{},[15,123703,57158],{},[24,123705,1074],{},[33,123707,123708,123716],{},[36,123709,123710,28,123712,123715],{},[15,123711,17979],{},[15,123713,123714],{},"\"A\""," are different",[36,123717,123718,28,123720,123715],{},[15,123719,64399],{},[15,123721,90280],{},[24,123723,190],{},[75,123725,123727],{"className":77,"code":123726,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123728,123729,123742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123730,123731,123733,123735,123737,123740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123732,34565],{"class":90},[84,123734,95],{"class":94},[84,123736,3230],{"class":387},[84,123738,123739],{"class":391},"Apple apple APPLE",[84,123741,3236],{"class":387},[84,123743,123744,123746,123748,123750,123752,123754,123756,123758,123760,123762],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123745,116],{"class":98},[84,123747,103],{"class":102},[84,123749,34586],{"class":121},[84,123751,425],{"class":102},[84,123753,41131],{"class":121},[84,123755,103],{"class":102},[84,123757,854],{"class":387},[84,123759,3952],{"class":391},[84,123761,854],{"class":387},[84,123763,232],{"class":102},[24,123765,265],{},[75,123767,123768],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123769,123770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123771,123772],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123773,514],{"class":106},[24,123775,123776,123777,881],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[419,123778,123780],{"href":123779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123781,123782],{},"lower()",[75,123784,123786],{"className":77,"code":123785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123787,123788,123800],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123789,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123791,34565],{"class":90},[84,123793,95],{"class":94},[84,123795,3230],{"class":387},[84,123797,123739],{"class":391},[84,123799,3236],{"class":387},[84,123801,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123803,116],{"class":98},[84,123805,103],{"class":102},[84,123807,34586],{"class":121},[84,123809,425],{"class":102},[84,123811,8517],{"class":121},[84,123813,8514],{"class":102},[84,123815,41131],{"class":121},[84,123817,103],{"class":102},[84,123819,854],{"class":387},[84,123821,3952],{"class":391},[84,123823,854],{"class":387},[84,123825,232],{"class":102},[24,123827,265],{},[75,123829,123830],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123831,123832],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123833,123834],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123835,524],{"class":106},[70,123837,1434],{"id":1433},[24,123839,22975,123840,425],{},[15,123841,57158],{},[1667,123843,8329,123845,123847],{"id":123844},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123846,57158],{}," to ignore case automatically",[24,123849,123850],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[75,123852,123854],{"className":77,"code":123853,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123855,123856,123869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123857,123858,123860,123862,123864,123867],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123859,34565],{"class":90},[84,123861,95],{"class":94},[84,123863,3230],{"class":387},[84,123865,123866],{"class":391},"Aardvark",[84,123868,3236],{"class":387},[84,123870,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123872,116],{"class":98},[84,123874,103],{"class":102},[84,123876,34586],{"class":121},[84,123878,425],{"class":102},[84,123880,41131],{"class":121},[84,123882,103],{"class":102},[84,123884,854],{"class":387},[84,123886,419],{"class":391},[84,123888,854],{"class":387},[84,123890,232],{"class":102},[24,123892,265],{},[75,123894,123895],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123896,123897],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123898,123899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123900,519],{"class":106},[24,123902,123503,123903,123905],{},[15,123904,123714],{}," at the start is not counted.",[24,123907,123908],{},"If needed, convert first:",[75,123910,123912],{"className":77,"code":123911,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123913,123914,123926],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123915,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123917,34565],{"class":90},[84,123919,95],{"class":94},[84,123921,3230],{"class":387},[84,123923,123866],{"class":391},[84,123925,3236],{"class":387},[84,123927,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123929,116],{"class":98},[84,123931,103],{"class":102},[84,123933,34586],{"class":121},[84,123935,425],{"class":102},[84,123937,8517],{"class":121},[84,123939,8514],{"class":102},[84,123941,41131],{"class":121},[84,123943,103],{"class":102},[84,123945,854],{"class":387},[84,123947,419],{"class":391},[84,123949,854],{"class":387},[84,123951,232],{"class":102},[1667,123953,123955],{"id":123954},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[24,123957,123958],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[75,123960,123962],{"className":77,"code":123961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123963,123964,123976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123965,123966,123968,123970,123972,123974],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123967,34565],{"class":90},[84,123969,95],{"class":94},[84,123971,3230],{"class":387},[84,123973,3961],{"class":391},[84,123975,3236],{"class":387},[84,123977,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,123979,116],{"class":98},[84,123981,103],{"class":102},[84,123983,34586],{"class":121},[84,123985,425],{"class":102},[84,123987,41131],{"class":121},[84,123989,103],{"class":102},[84,123991,419],{"class":121},[84,123993,232],{"class":102},[24,123995,123996,123997,425],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123998,419],{},[24,124000,10687],{},[75,124002,124004],{"className":77,"code":124003,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124005,124006,124018],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124007,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124009,34565],{"class":90},[84,124011,95],{"class":94},[84,124013,3230],{"class":387},[84,124015,3961],{"class":391},[84,124017,3236],{"class":387},[84,124019,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124021,116],{"class":98},[84,124023,103],{"class":102},[84,124025,34586],{"class":121},[84,124027,425],{"class":102},[84,124029,41131],{"class":121},[84,124031,103],{"class":102},[84,124033,854],{"class":387},[84,124035,419],{"class":391},[84,124037,854],{"class":387},[84,124039,232],{"class":102},[1667,124041,37076,124043,8582,124045,2759,124048],{"id":124042},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124044,57158],{},[15,124046,124047],{},"find()",[15,124049,58836],{},[24,124051,153,124052,124054,124055,425],{},[15,124053,57158],{}," when you need the ",[42,124056,124057],{},"number of matches",[24,124059,153,124060,124054,124065,124067],{},[419,124061,124063],{"href":124062},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124064,124047],{},[42,124066,64810],{}," of the first match.",[24,124069,153,124070,124075],{},[419,124071,124073],{"href":124072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124074,58836],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1667,124077,124079],{"id":124078},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[24,124081,124082,124084],{},[15,124083,57158],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[24,124086,190],{},[75,124088,124090],{"className":77,"code":124089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124091,124092,124105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124093,124094,124096,124098,124100,124103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124095,34565],{"class":90},[84,124097,95],{"class":94},[84,124099,3230],{"class":387},[84,124101,124102],{"class":391},"aaaa",[84,124104,3236],{"class":387},[84,124106,124107,124109,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119,124121,124124,124126],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124108,116],{"class":98},[84,124110,103],{"class":102},[84,124112,34586],{"class":121},[84,124114,425],{"class":102},[84,124116,41131],{"class":121},[84,124118,103],{"class":102},[84,124120,854],{"class":387},[84,124122,124123],{"class":391},"aa",[84,124125,854],{"class":387},[84,124127,232],{"class":102},[24,124129,265],{},[75,124131,124132],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124133,124134],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124135,124136],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124137,519],{"class":106},[24,124139,124140,124141,425],{},"It does not return ",[15,124142,1162],{},[24,124144,124145],{},"Why not?",[24,124147,124148],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[33,124150,124151,124160],{},[36,124152,124153,124156,124157],{},[15,124154,124155],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124158,124159],{},"0-1",[36,124161,124162,124156,124164],{},[15,124163,124155],{},[15,124165,124166],{},"2-3",[24,124168,124169,124170,425],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124171,124172],{},"1-2",[70,124174,792,124175],{"id":58241},[15,124176,57158],{},[24,124178,153,124179,124181],{},[15,124180,57158],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[24,124183,124184],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[33,124186,124187,124196,124206,124216],{},[36,124188,153,124189,124191,124192,124195],{},[15,124190,57158],{}," when you need ",[42,124193,124194],{},"how many times"," something appears",[36,124197,153,124198,124191,124202,124205],{},[419,124199,124200],{"href":124062},[15,124201,124047],{},[42,124203,124204],{},"where"," it appears",[36,124207,47679,124208,124212,124213],{},[419,124209,124210,101298],{"href":123307},[15,124211,476],{}," when you only need to know ",[42,124214,124215],{},"if it exists",[36,124217,153,124218,124224],{},[419,124219,124221],{"href":124220},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124222,124223],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[70,124226,25819],{"id":25818},[24,124228,8753,124229,124231],{},[15,124230,57158],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[75,124233,124235],{"className":77,"code":124234,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124236,124237,124247,124261,124283,124309],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124238,124239,124241,124243,124245],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124240,116],{"class":98},[84,124242,103],{"class":102},[84,124244,34586],{"class":121},[84,124246,110],{"class":102},[84,124248,124249,124251,124253,124255,124257,124259],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124250,116],{"class":98},[84,124252,103],{"class":102},[84,124254,334],{"class":139},[84,124256,103],{"class":102},[84,124258,34586],{"class":121},[84,124260,232],{"class":102},[84,124262,124263,124265,124267,124269,124271,124273,124275,124277,124279,124281],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,124264,116],{"class":98},[84,124266,103],{"class":102},[84,124268,34586],{"class":121},[84,124270,425],{"class":102},[84,124272,41131],{"class":121},[84,124274,103],{"class":102},[84,124276,854],{"class":387},[84,124278,419],{"class":391},[84,124280,854],{"class":387},[84,124282,232],{"class":102},[84,124284,124285,124287,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,124286,116],{"class":98},[84,124288,103],{"class":102},[84,124290,34586],{"class":121},[84,124292,425],{"class":102},[84,124294,8517],{"class":121},[84,124296,8514],{"class":102},[84,124298,41131],{"class":121},[84,124300,103],{"class":102},[84,124302,854],{"class":387},[84,124304,419],{"class":391},[84,124306,854],{"class":387},[84,124308,232],{"class":102},[84,124310,124311,124313,124315,124317,124319,124321,124323,124325,124327,124329],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,124312,116],{"class":98},[84,124314,103],{"class":102},[84,124316,34586],{"class":121},[84,124318,425],{"class":102},[84,124320,41131],{"class":121},[84,124322,103],{"class":102},[84,124324,854],{"class":387},[84,124326,123145],{"class":391},[84,124328,854],{"class":387},[84,124330,232],{"class":102},[24,124332,124333],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[33,124335,124336,124339,124344,124347],{},[36,124337,124338],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,124340,124341,124343],{},[15,124342,34586],{}," not being a string",[36,124345,124346],{},"counting the wrong substring",[36,124348,124349],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[24,124351,58730],{},[33,124353,124354,124357,124360,124363],{},[36,124355,124356],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[36,124358,124359],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[36,124361,124362],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[36,124364,50360,124365,44502,124367,2759,124369,73174],{},[15,124366,57158],{},[15,124368,124047],{},[15,124370,476],{},[70,124372,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,124374,124376,124377,124379],{"id":124375},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124378,57158],{}," change the original string?",[24,124381,124382],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1667,124384,1670,124386,124388],{"id":124385},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124387,57158],{}," case-sensitive?",[24,124390,124391],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1667,124393,5016,124395,124397],{"id":124394},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124396,57158],{}," return if nothing is found?",[24,124399,5022,124400,425],{},[15,124401,279],{},[1667,124403,5043,124405,124407],{"id":124404},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124406,57158],{}," count words instead of letters?",[24,124409,124410],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1667,124412,12586,124414,124416],{"id":124413},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124415,57158],{}," count overlapping matches?",[24,124418,124419],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[70,124421,1777],{"id":1776},[33,124423,124424,124431,124438,124445,124452],{},[36,124425,124426],{},[419,124427,124428],{"href":124062},[15,124429,124430],{},"Python string find() method",[36,124432,124433],{},[419,124434,124435],{"href":124072},[15,124436,124437],{},"Python string index() method",[36,124439,124440],{},[419,124441,124442],{"href":123779},[15,124443,124444],{},"Python string lower() method",[36,124446,124447],{},[419,124448,124449],{"href":123307},[15,124450,124451],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,124453,124454],{},[419,124455,124456],{"href":124220},[15,124457,124458],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1814,124460,124461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":124463},[124464,124465,124467,124470,124471,124472,124473,124476,124477,124485,124486,124487,124499],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":123173,"depth":113,"text":124466},"What the count() method does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":124468},[124469],{"id":17276,"depth":132,"text":17277},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":123389,"depth":113,"text":123390},{"id":65270,"depth":113,"text":66053,"children":124474},[124475],{"id":123610,"depth":132,"text":123611},{"id":123698,"depth":113,"text":123699},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":124478},[124479,124481,124482,124484],{"id":123844,"depth":132,"text":124480},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123954,"depth":132,"text":123955},{"id":124042,"depth":132,"text":124483},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124078,"depth":132,"text":124079},{"id":58241,"depth":113,"text":58872},{"id":25818,"depth":113,"text":25819},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":124488},[124489,124491,124493,124495,124497],{"id":124375,"depth":132,"text":124490},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124385,"depth":132,"text":124492},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124394,"depth":132,"text":124494},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124404,"depth":132,"text":124496},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124413,"depth":132,"text":124498},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123046,"description":124500},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124507,"title":124508,"body":124509,"description":126094,"extension":1845,"meta":126095,"navigation":237,"path":126096,"seo":126097,"stem":126098,"__hash__":126099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124510,"toc":126067},[124511,124514,124517,124614,124623,124625,124644,124648,124651,124654,124667,124670,124699,124704,124709,124767,124769,124802,124808,124812,124815,124818,124847,124850,124877,124880,124883,124887,124890,124897,124960,124962,124980,124983,124987,124990,124993,125035,125038,125082,125085,125088,125092,125097,125100,125143,125145,125168,125171,125204,125207,125256,125266,125270,125273,125276,125305,125308,125319,125321,125380,125383,125387,125390,125393,125408,125417,125420,125454,125457,125484,125487,125494,125496,125499,125501,125504,125518,125527,125529,125556,125560,125563,125577,125580,125639,125643,125646,125673,125676,125703,125711,125714,125774,125776,125809,125813,125816,125835,125840,125889,125894,125896,125899,125958,125976,125978,125982,125990,125994,125997,126001,126007,126011,126021,126025,126028,126030,126064],[10,124512,124508],{"id":124513},"python-string-creating-a-string",[24,124515,124516],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[75,124518,124520],{"className":77,"code":124519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124521,124522,124534,124546,124555,124569,124573,124583,124593,124604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124523,124524,124526,124528,124530,124532],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124525,7754],{"class":90},[84,124527,95],{"class":94},[84,124529,3230],{"class":387},[84,124531,4877],{"class":391},[84,124533,3236],{"class":387},[84,124535,124536,124538,124540,124542,124544],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124537,89869],{"class":90},[84,124539,95],{"class":94},[84,124541,388],{"class":387},[84,124543,34744],{"class":391},[84,124545,1257],{"class":387},[84,124547,124548,124551,124553],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,124549,124550],{"class":90},"empty ",[84,124552,95],{"class":94},[84,124554,7759],{"class":387},[84,124556,124557,124559,124561,124563,124565,124567],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,124558,34565],{"class":90},[84,124560,95],{"class":94},[84,124562,48772],{"class":139},[84,124564,103],{"class":102},[84,124566,50114],{"class":106},[84,124568,110],{"class":102},[84,124570,124571],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,124572,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,124574,124575,124577,124579,124581],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,124576,116],{"class":98},[84,124578,103],{"class":102},[84,124580,7544],{"class":121},[84,124582,110],{"class":102},[84,124584,124585,124587,124589,124591],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,124586,116],{"class":98},[84,124588,103],{"class":102},[84,124590,89886],{"class":121},[84,124592,110],{"class":102},[84,124594,124595,124597,124599,124602],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,124596,116],{"class":98},[84,124598,103],{"class":102},[84,124600,124601],{"class":121},"empty",[84,124603,110],{"class":102},[84,124605,124606,124608,124610,124612],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,124607,116],{"class":98},[84,124609,103],{"class":102},[84,124611,34586],{"class":121},[84,124613,110],{"class":102},[24,124615,124616,124619,124620,124622],{},[42,124617,124618],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124621,47552],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[70,124624,15046],{"id":15045},[33,124626,124627,124630,124633,124636,124641],{},[36,124628,124629],{},"What a string is in Python",[36,124631,124632],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[36,124634,124635],{},"How to create an empty string",[36,124637,124638,124639],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124640,47552],{},[36,124642,124643],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[70,124645,124647],{"id":124646},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[24,124649,124650],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[24,124652,124653],{},"Strings can contain:",[33,124655,124656,124659,124661,124664],{},[36,124657,124658],{},"Letters",[36,124660,56329],{},[36,124662,124663],{},"Spaces",[36,124665,124666],{},"Symbols",[24,124668,124669],{},"Examples of strings:",[75,124671,124673],{"className":77,"code":124672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124674,124675,124683,124691],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124676,124677,124679,124681],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124678,854],{"class":43200},[84,124680,3721],{"class":43204},[84,124682,3236],{"class":43200},[84,124684,124685,124687,124689],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124686,854],{"class":43200},[84,124688,50114],{"class":43204},[84,124690,3236],{"class":43200},[84,124692,124693,124695,124697],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,124694,854],{"class":43200},[84,124696,89011],{"class":43204},[84,124698,3236],{"class":43200},[24,124700,20861,124701,124703],{},[15,124702,50164],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[24,124705,124706,124707,881],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124708,2183],{},[75,124710,124712],{"className":77,"code":124711,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124713,124714,124726,124735,124739,124753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124715,124716,124718,124720,124722,124724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124717,34565],{"class":90},[84,124719,95],{"class":94},[84,124721,3230],{"class":387},[84,124723,50114],{"class":391},[84,124725,3236],{"class":387},[84,124727,124728,124730,124732],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124729,2097],{"class":90},[84,124731,95],{"class":94},[84,124733,124734],{"class":106}," 123\n",[84,124736,124737],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,124738,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,124740,124741,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,124742,116],{"class":98},[84,124744,103],{"class":102},[84,124746,334],{"class":139},[84,124748,103],{"class":102},[84,124750,34586],{"class":121},[84,124752,232],{"class":102},[84,124754,124755,124757,124759,124761,124763,124765],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,124756,116],{"class":98},[84,124758,103],{"class":102},[84,124760,334],{"class":139},[84,124762,103],{"class":102},[84,124764,2120],{"class":121},[84,124766,232],{"class":102},[24,124768,265],{},[75,124770,124772],{"className":77,"code":124771,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124773,124774,124788],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124775,124776,124778,124780,124782,124784,124786],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124777,380],{"class":94},[84,124779,384],{"class":383},[84,124781,388],{"class":387},[84,124783,3321],{"class":391},[84,124785,394],{"class":387},[84,124787,397],{"class":94},[84,124789,124790,124792,124794,124796,124798,124800],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124791,380],{"class":94},[84,124793,384],{"class":383},[84,124795,388],{"class":387},[84,124797,2070],{"class":391},[84,124799,394],{"class":387},[84,124801,397],{"class":94},[24,124803,124804,124805,425],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[419,124806,124807],{"href":50844},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[70,124809,124811],{"id":124810},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[24,124813,124814],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[24,124816,124817],{},"You can use single quotes:",[75,124819,124821],{"className":77,"code":124820,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124822,124823,124836],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124824,124825,124828,124830,124832,124834],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124826,124827],{"class":90},"greeting ",[84,124829,95],{"class":94},[84,124831,388],{"class":387},[84,124833,3721],{"class":391},[84,124835,1257],{"class":387},[84,124837,124838,124840,124842,124845],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124839,116],{"class":98},[84,124841,103],{"class":102},[84,124843,124844],{"class":121},"greeting",[84,124846,110],{"class":102},[24,124848,124849],{},"Or double quotes:",[75,124851,124853],{"className":77,"code":124852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124854,124855,124867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124856,124857,124859,124861,124863,124865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124858,124827],{"class":90},[84,124860,95],{"class":94},[84,124862,3230],{"class":387},[84,124864,3721],{"class":391},[84,124866,3236],{"class":387},[84,124868,124869,124871,124873,124875],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124870,116],{"class":98},[84,124872,103],{"class":102},[84,124874,124844],{"class":121},[84,124876,110],{"class":102},[24,124878,124879],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[24,124881,124882],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[70,124884,124886],{"id":124885},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[24,124888,124889],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[24,124891,124892,124893,2759,124895,881],{},"Use either ",[15,124894,6144],{},[15,124896,3648],{},[75,124898,124900],{"className":77,"code":124899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124901,124902,124911,124920,124924,124935,124946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124903,124904,124907,124909],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124905,124906],{"class":90},"empty1 ",[84,124908,95],{"class":94},[84,124910,7759],{"class":387},[84,124912,124913,124916,124918],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,124914,124915],{"class":90},"empty2 ",[84,124917,95],{"class":94},[84,124919,47364],{"class":387},[84,124921,124922],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,124923,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,124925,124926,124928,124930,124933],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,124927,116],{"class":98},[84,124929,103],{"class":102},[84,124931,124932],{"class":121},"empty1",[84,124934,110],{"class":102},[84,124936,124937,124939,124941,124944],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,124938,116],{"class":98},[84,124940,103],{"class":102},[84,124942,124943],{"class":121},"empty2",[84,124945,110],{"class":102},[84,124947,124948,124950,124952,124954,124956,124958],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,124949,116],{"class":98},[84,124951,103],{"class":102},[84,124953,334],{"class":139},[84,124955,103],{"class":102},[84,124957,124932],{"class":121},[84,124959,232],{"class":102},[24,124961,265],{},[75,124963,124964],{"className":77,"code":45642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124965,124966],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124967,124968,124970,124972,124974,124976,124978],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124969,380],{"class":94},[84,124971,384],{"class":383},[84,124973,388],{"class":387},[84,124975,3321],{"class":391},[84,124977,394],{"class":387},[84,124979,397],{"class":94},[24,124981,124982],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[70,124984,124986],{"id":124985},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[24,124988,124989],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[24,124991,124992],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[75,124994,124996],{"className":77,"code":124995,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124997,124998,125009,125014,125021,125025],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124999,125000,125002,125004,125007],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125001,89869],{"class":90},[84,125003,95],{"class":94},[84,125005,125006],{"class":387}," \"\"\"",[84,125008,88811],{"class":391},[84,125010,125011],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125012,125013],{"class":391},"Welcome to Python\n",[84,125015,125016,125019],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125017,125018],{"class":391},"Have a nice day",[84,125020,43208],{"class":387},[84,125022,125023],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125024,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125026,125027,125029,125031,125033],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,125028,116],{"class":98},[84,125030,103],{"class":102},[84,125032,89886],{"class":121},[84,125034,110],{"class":102},[24,125036,125037],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[75,125039,125041],{"className":77,"code":125040,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125042,125043,125055,125060,125068,125072],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125044,125045,125047,125049,125052],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125046,89869],{"class":90},[84,125048,95],{"class":94},[84,125050,125051],{"class":387}," '''",[84,125053,125054],{"class":391},"Line 1\n",[84,125056,125057],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125058,125059],{"class":391},"Line 2\n",[84,125061,125062,125065],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125063,125064],{"class":391},"Line 3",[84,125066,125067],{"class":387},"'''\n",[84,125069,125070],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125071,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125073,125074,125076,125078,125080],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,125075,116],{"class":98},[84,125077,103],{"class":102},[84,125079,89886],{"class":121},[84,125081,110],{"class":102},[24,125083,125084],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[24,125086,125087],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[70,125089,125091],{"id":125090},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[24,125093,1862,125094,125096],{},[15,125095,47552],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[24,125098,125099],{},"Example with a number:",[75,125101,125103],{"className":77,"code":125102,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125104,125105,125119,125129],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125106,125107,125109,125111,125113,125115,125117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125108,34565],{"class":90},[84,125110,95],{"class":94},[84,125112,48772],{"class":139},[84,125114,103],{"class":102},[84,125116,46397],{"class":106},[84,125118,110],{"class":102},[84,125120,125121,125123,125125,125127],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125122,116],{"class":98},[84,125124,103],{"class":102},[84,125126,34586],{"class":121},[84,125128,110],{"class":102},[84,125130,125131,125133,125135,125137,125139,125141],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125132,116],{"class":98},[84,125134,103],{"class":102},[84,125136,334],{"class":139},[84,125138,103],{"class":102},[84,125140,34586],{"class":121},[84,125142,232],{"class":102},[24,125144,265],{},[75,125146,125148],{"className":77,"code":125147,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125149,125150,125154],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125151,125152],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125153,46483],{"class":106},[84,125155,125156,125158,125160,125162,125164,125166],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125157,380],{"class":94},[84,125159,384],{"class":383},[84,125161,388],{"class":387},[84,125163,3321],{"class":391},[84,125165,394],{"class":387},[84,125167,397],{"class":94},[24,125169,125170],{},"You can also convert other values:",[75,125172,125174],{"className":77,"code":125173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125175,125176,125190],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125177,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186,125188],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125179,116],{"class":98},[84,125181,103],{"class":102},[84,125183,3321],{"class":139},[84,125185,103],{"class":102},[84,125187,3481],{"class":659},[84,125189,232],{"class":102},[84,125191,125192,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125193,116],{"class":98},[84,125195,103],{"class":102},[84,125197,3321],{"class":139},[84,125199,103],{"class":102},[84,125201,40014],{"class":106},[84,125203,232],{"class":102},[24,125205,125206],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[75,125208,125210],{"className":77,"code":125209,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125211,125212,125220,125242,125246],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125213,125214,125216,125218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125215,21511],{"class":90},[84,125217,95],{"class":94},[84,125219,45098],{"class":106},[84,125221,125222,125224,125226,125228,125230,125232,125234,125236,125238,125240],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125223,89869],{"class":90},[84,125225,95],{"class":94},[84,125227,3230],{"class":387},[84,125229,89287],{"class":391},[84,125231,854],{"class":387},[84,125233,2336],{"class":94},[84,125235,48772],{"class":139},[84,125237,103],{"class":102},[84,125239,9178],{"class":121},[84,125241,110],{"class":102},[84,125243,125244],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125245,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125247,125248,125250,125252,125254],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125249,116],{"class":98},[84,125251,103],{"class":102},[84,125253,89886],{"class":121},[84,125255,110],{"class":102},[24,125257,125258,125259,2759,125263,425],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[419,125260,13,125261,424],{"href":42047},[15,125262,47552],{},[419,125264,125265],{"href":122977},"how to convert int to string in Python",[70,125267,125269],{"id":125268},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[24,125271,125272],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[24,125274,125275],{},"Both of these are valid:",[75,125277,125279],{"className":77,"code":125278,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125280,125281,125293],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125282,125283,125285,125287,125289,125291],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125284,2436],{"class":90},[84,125286,95],{"class":94},[84,125288,388],{"class":387},[84,125290,7172],{"class":391},[84,125292,1257],{"class":387},[84,125294,125295,125297,125299,125301,125303],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125296,2463],{"class":90},[84,125298,95],{"class":94},[84,125300,3230],{"class":387},[84,125302,7172],{"class":391},[84,125304,3236],{"class":387},[24,125306,125307],{},"A common rule is:",[33,125309,125310,125313,125316],{},[36,125311,125312],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[36,125314,125315],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[36,125317,125318],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[24,125320,190],{},[75,125322,125324],{"className":77,"code":125323,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125325,125326,125340,125354,125358,125369],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125327,125328,125331,125333,125335,125338],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125329,125330],{"class":90},"text1 ",[84,125332,95],{"class":94},[84,125334,3230],{"class":387},[84,125336,125337],{"class":391},"It's working",[84,125339,3236],{"class":387},[84,125341,125342,125345,125347,125349,125352],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125343,125344],{"class":90},"text2 ",[84,125346,95],{"class":94},[84,125348,388],{"class":387},[84,125350,125351],{"class":391},"She said \"hello\"",[84,125353,1257],{"class":387},[84,125355,125356],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125357,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125359,125360,125362,125364,125367],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125361,116],{"class":98},[84,125363,103],{"class":102},[84,125365,125366],{"class":121},"text1",[84,125368,110],{"class":102},[84,125370,125371,125373,125375,125378],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,125372,116],{"class":98},[84,125374,103],{"class":102},[84,125376,125377],{"class":121},"text2",[84,125379,110],{"class":102},[24,125381,125382],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[70,125384,125386],{"id":125385},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[24,125388,125389],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[24,125391,125392],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[75,125394,125396],{"className":77,"code":125395,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125397,125398,125403],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125399,125400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125401,125402],{"class":128},"# This will cause an error\n",[84,125404,125405],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125406,125407],{"class":128},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[24,125409,125410,125411,35207,125413,125416],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125412,394],{},[15,125414,125415],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[24,125418,125419],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[75,125421,125423],{"className":77,"code":125422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125424,125425,125444],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125426,125427,125429,125431,125433,125436,125439,125442],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125428,34565],{"class":90},[84,125430,95],{"class":94},[84,125432,388],{"class":387},[84,125434,125435],{"class":391},"It",[84,125437,125438],{"class":34330},"\\'",[84,125440,125441],{"class":391},"s working",[84,125443,1257],{"class":387},[84,125445,125446,125448,125450,125452],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125447,116],{"class":98},[84,125449,103],{"class":102},[84,125451,34586],{"class":121},[84,125453,110],{"class":102},[24,125455,125456],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[75,125458,125460],{"className":77,"code":125459,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125461,125462,125474],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125463,125464,125466,125468,125470,125472],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125465,34565],{"class":90},[84,125467,95],{"class":94},[84,125469,3230],{"class":387},[84,125471,125337],{"class":391},[84,125473,3236],{"class":387},[84,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125477,116],{"class":98},[84,125479,103],{"class":102},[84,125481,34586],{"class":121},[84,125483,110],{"class":102},[24,125485,125486],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[24,125488,125489,125490,425],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[419,125491,125493],{"href":125492},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[70,125495,1434],{"id":1433},[24,125497,125498],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1667,125500,90076],{"id":90075},[24,125502,125503],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[75,125505,125507],{"className":77,"code":125506,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125508,125509,125513],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125510,125511],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125512,125402],{"class":128},[84,125514,125515],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125516,125517],{"class":128},"# name = Alice\n",[24,125519,125520,125521,8478,125524,125526],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125522,125523],{},"NameError",[15,125525,4877],{}," is not defined.",[24,125528,10687],{},[75,125530,125532],{"className":77,"code":125531,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125533,125534,125546],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125535,125536,125538,125540,125542,125544],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125537,7754],{"class":90},[84,125539,95],{"class":94},[84,125541,3230],{"class":387},[84,125543,4877],{"class":391},[84,125545,3236],{"class":387},[84,125547,125548,125550,125552,125554],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125549,116],{"class":98},[84,125551,103],{"class":102},[84,125553,7544],{"class":121},[84,125555,110],{"class":102},[1667,125557,125559],{"id":125558},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[24,125561,125562],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[75,125564,125566],{"className":77,"code":125565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125567,125568,125572],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125569,125570],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125571,125402],{"class":128},[84,125573,125574],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125575,125576],{"class":128},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[24,125578,125579],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[75,125581,125583],{"className":77,"code":125582,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125584,125585,125602,125615,125619,125629],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125586,125587,125589,125591,125593,125595,125597,125600],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125588,125330],{"class":90},[84,125590,95],{"class":94},[84,125592,388],{"class":387},[84,125594,125435],{"class":391},[84,125596,125438],{"class":34330},[84,125598,125599],{"class":391},"s good",[84,125601,1257],{"class":387},[84,125603,125604,125606,125608,125610,125613],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125605,125344],{"class":90},[84,125607,95],{"class":94},[84,125609,3230],{"class":387},[84,125611,125612],{"class":391},"It's good",[84,125614,3236],{"class":387},[84,125616,125617],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125618,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125620,125621,125623,125625,125627],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125622,116],{"class":98},[84,125624,103],{"class":102},[84,125626,125366],{"class":121},[84,125628,110],{"class":102},[84,125630,125631,125633,125635,125637],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,125632,116],{"class":98},[84,125634,103],{"class":102},[84,125636,125377],{"class":121},[84,125638,110],{"class":102},[1667,125640,125642],{"id":125641},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[24,125644,125645],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[75,125647,125649],{"className":77,"code":125648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125650,125651,125663],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125652,125653,125655,125657,125659,125661],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125654,34565],{"class":90},[84,125656,95],{"class":94},[84,125658,125006],{"class":387},[84,125660,3721],{"class":391},[84,125662,43208],{"class":387},[84,125664,125665,125667,125669,125671],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125666,116],{"class":98},[84,125668,103],{"class":102},[84,125670,34586],{"class":121},[84,125672,110],{"class":102},[24,125674,125675],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[75,125677,125679],{"className":77,"code":125678,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125680,125681,125693],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125684,34565],{"class":90},[84,125686,95],{"class":94},[84,125688,3230],{"class":387},[84,125690,3721],{"class":391},[84,125692,3236],{"class":387},[84,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125696,116],{"class":98},[84,125698,103],{"class":102},[84,125700,34586],{"class":121},[84,125702,110],{"class":102},[1667,125704,4454,125706,28,125708,125710],{"id":125705},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125707,50114],{},[15,125709,50164],{}," are the same type",[24,125712,125713],{},"They are different:",[75,125715,125717],{"className":77,"code":125716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125718,125719,125728,125741,125745,125759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125720,125721,125724,125726],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125722,125723],{"class":90},"value1 ",[84,125725,95],{"class":94},[84,125727,124734],{"class":106},[84,125729,125730,125733,125735,125737,125739],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125731,125732],{"class":90},"value2 ",[84,125734,95],{"class":94},[84,125736,3230],{"class":387},[84,125738,50114],{"class":391},[84,125740,3236],{"class":387},[84,125742,125743],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125744,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125746,125747,125749,125751,125753,125755,125757],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125748,116],{"class":98},[84,125750,103],{"class":102},[84,125752,334],{"class":139},[84,125754,103],{"class":102},[84,125756,84632],{"class":121},[84,125758,232],{"class":102},[84,125760,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769,125772],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,125762,116],{"class":98},[84,125764,103],{"class":102},[84,125766,334],{"class":139},[84,125768,103],{"class":102},[84,125770,125771],{"class":121},"value2",[84,125773,232],{"class":102},[24,125775,265],{},[75,125777,125779],{"className":77,"code":125778,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125780,125781,125795],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125782,125783,125785,125787,125789,125791,125793],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125784,380],{"class":94},[84,125786,384],{"class":383},[84,125788,388],{"class":387},[84,125790,2070],{"class":391},[84,125792,394],{"class":387},[84,125794,397],{"class":94},[84,125796,125797,125799,125801,125803,125805,125807],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125798,380],{"class":94},[84,125800,384],{"class":383},[84,125802,388],{"class":387},[84,125804,3321],{"class":391},[84,125806,394],{"class":387},[84,125808,397],{"class":94},[1667,125810,125812],{"id":125811},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[24,125814,125815],{},"This causes a type error:",[75,125817,125819],{"className":77,"code":125818,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125820,125821,125825,125830],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125822,125823],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125824,125402],{"class":128},[84,125826,125827],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125828,125829],{"class":128},"# age = 10\n",[84,125831,125832],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125833,125834],{"class":128},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[24,125836,125837,125838,881],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125839,47552],{},[75,125841,125843],{"className":77,"code":125842,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125844,125845,125853,125875,125879],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125846,125847,125849,125851],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125848,21511],{"class":90},[84,125850,95],{"class":94},[84,125852,2468],{"class":106},[84,125854,125855,125857,125859,125861,125863,125865,125867,125869,125871,125873],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125856,89869],{"class":90},[84,125858,95],{"class":94},[84,125860,3230],{"class":387},[84,125862,89287],{"class":391},[84,125864,854],{"class":387},[84,125866,2336],{"class":94},[84,125868,48772],{"class":139},[84,125870,103],{"class":102},[84,125872,9178],{"class":121},[84,125874,110],{"class":102},[84,125876,125877],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125878,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125880,125881,125883,125885,125887],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125882,116],{"class":98},[84,125884,103],{"class":102},[84,125886,89886],{"class":121},[84,125888,110],{"class":102},[24,125890,125891,125892,425],{},"For this specific error, see ",[419,125893,90268],{"href":90267},[1667,125895,60576],{"id":60575},[24,125897,125898],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[75,125900,125902],{"className":77,"code":125901,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125903,125904,125916,125920,125930,125944],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125905,125906,125908,125910,125912,125914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125907,34565],{"class":90},[84,125909,95],{"class":94},[84,125911,3230],{"class":387},[84,125913,3721],{"class":391},[84,125915,3236],{"class":387},[84,125917,125918],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,125919,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,125921,125922,125924,125926,125928],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,125923,116],{"class":98},[84,125925,103],{"class":102},[84,125927,34586],{"class":121},[84,125929,110],{"class":102},[84,125931,125932,125934,125936,125938,125940,125942],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,125933,116],{"class":98},[84,125935,103],{"class":102},[84,125937,334],{"class":139},[84,125939,103],{"class":102},[84,125941,34586],{"class":121},[84,125943,232],{"class":102},[84,125945,125946,125948,125950,125952,125954,125956],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,125947,116],{"class":98},[84,125949,103],{"class":102},[84,125951,41651],{"class":98},[84,125953,103],{"class":102},[84,125955,34586],{"class":121},[84,125957,232],{"class":102},[33,125959,125960,125965,125970],{},[36,125961,125962,46150],{},[15,125963,125964],{},"print(text)",[36,125966,125967,46155],{},[15,125968,125969],{},"print(type(text))",[36,125971,125972,125975],{},[15,125973,125974],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[70,125977,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,125979,125981],{"id":125980},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[24,125983,125984,125985,2759,125988,425],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125986,125987],{},"'hello'",[15,125989,64399],{},[1667,125991,125993],{"id":125992},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[24,125995,125996],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1667,125998,126000],{"id":125999},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[24,126002,153,126003,2759,126005,425],{},[15,126004,6144],{},[15,126006,3648],{},[1667,126008,126010],{"id":126009},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[24,126012,153,126013,126015,126016,126018,126019,425],{},[15,126014,47552],{},", like ",[15,126017,80243],{},", which returns ",[15,126020,41998],{},[1667,126022,126024],{"id":126023},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[24,126026,126027],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[70,126029,1777],{"id":1776},[33,126031,126032,126036,126042,126047,126056,126060],{},[36,126033,126034],{},[419,126035,124807],{"href":50844},[36,126037,126038],{},[419,126039,13,126040,424],{"href":42047},[15,126041,47552],{},[36,126043,126044],{},[419,126045,126046],{"href":122977},"How to convert int to string in Python",[36,126048,126049],{},[419,126050,126052,126053,10620],{"href":126051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126054,126055],{},"format()",[36,126057,126058],{},[419,126059,125493],{"href":125492},[36,126061,126062],{},[419,126063,90268],{"href":90267},[1814,126065,126066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":126068},[126069,126070,126071,126072,126073,126074,126075,126076,126077,126086,126093],{"id":15045,"depth":113,"text":15046},{"id":124646,"depth":113,"text":124647},{"id":124810,"depth":113,"text":124811},{"id":124885,"depth":113,"text":124886},{"id":124985,"depth":113,"text":124986},{"id":125090,"depth":113,"text":125091},{"id":125268,"depth":113,"text":125269},{"id":125385,"depth":113,"text":125386},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":126078},[126079,126080,126081,126082,126084,126085],{"id":90075,"depth":132,"text":90076},{"id":125558,"depth":132,"text":125559},{"id":125641,"depth":132,"text":125642},{"id":125705,"depth":132,"text":126083},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125811,"depth":132,"text":125812},{"id":60575,"depth":132,"text":60576},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":126087},[126088,126089,126090,126091,126092],{"id":125980,"depth":132,"text":125981},{"id":125992,"depth":132,"text":125993},{"id":125999,"depth":132,"text":126000},{"id":126009,"depth":132,"text":126010},{"id":126023,"depth":132,"text":126024},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124508,"description":126094},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126101,"title":126102,"body":126103,"description":128017,"extension":1845,"meta":128018,"navigation":237,"path":128019,"seo":128020,"stem":128021,"__hash__":128022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126104,"toc":127978},[126105,126111,126116,126124,126126,126193,126195,126207,126216,126221,126225,126242,126244,126309,126311,126323,126328,126330,126358,126379,126382,126421,126423,126431,126435,126439,126443,126451,126454,126495,126497,126505,126508,126565,126567,126575,126579,126584,126628,126630,126638,126647,126651,126656,126704,126706,126714,126720,126722,126726,126738,126743,126822,126824,126844,126848,126852,126892,126894,126902,126906,126949,126951,126959,126963,127003,127005,127013,127017,127073,127075,127083,127089,127091,127095,127105,127172,127174,127187,127194,127237,127239,127247,127251,127254,127310,127312,127320,127323,127325,127402,127404,127412,127421,127423,127427,127431,127433,127455,127458,127505,127509,127548,127550,127558,127560,127602,127609,127614,127676,127678,127690,127696,127701,127750,127752,127771,127777,127779,127798,127800,127891,127893,127899,127906,127912,127918,127923,127932,127939,127947,127949,127975],[10,126106,123052,126108,11201],{"id":126107},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126109,126110],{},"endswith()",[24,126112,123057,126113,126115],{},[15,126114,126110],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[24,126117,126118,126119,2759,126121,126123],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126120,3481],{},[15,126122,3548],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[70,126125,1887],{"id":1886},[75,126127,126129],{"className":77,"code":126128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126130,126131,126145,126170],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126132,126133,126136,126138,126140,126143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126134,126135],{"class":90},"filename ",[84,126137,95],{"class":94},[84,126139,3230],{"class":387},[84,126141,126142],{"class":391},"report.csv",[84,126144,3236],{"class":387},[84,126146,126147,126149,126151,126154,126156,126159,126161,126163,126166,126168],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126148,116],{"class":98},[84,126150,103],{"class":102},[84,126152,126153],{"class":121},"filename",[84,126155,425],{"class":102},[84,126157,126158],{"class":121},"endswith",[84,126160,103],{"class":102},[84,126162,854],{"class":387},[84,126164,126165],{"class":391},".csv",[84,126167,854],{"class":387},[84,126169,232],{"class":102},[84,126171,126172,126174,126176,126178,126180,126182,126184,126186,126189,126191],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,126173,116],{"class":98},[84,126175,103],{"class":102},[84,126177,126153],{"class":121},[84,126179,425],{"class":102},[84,126181,126158],{"class":121},[84,126183,103],{"class":102},[84,126185,854],{"class":387},[84,126187,126188],{"class":391},".txt",[84,126190,854],{"class":387},[84,126192,232],{"class":102},[24,126194,265],{},[75,126196,126197],{"className":77,"code":44046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126198,126199,126203],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126200,126201],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126202,660],{"class":659},[84,126204,126205],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126206,3913],{"class":659},[24,126208,153,126209,5243,126211,2759,126213,126215],{},[15,126210,126110],{},[15,126212,3481],{},[15,126214,3548],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[70,126217,429,126219,3554],{"id":126218},"what-endswith-does",[15,126220,126110],{},[24,126222,126223,881],{},[15,126224,126110],{},[33,126226,126227,126230,126236,126239],{},[36,126228,126229],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[36,126231,11303,126232,2759,126234],{},[15,126233,3481],{},[15,126235,3548],{},[36,126237,126238],{},"Does not change the original string",[36,126240,126241],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[24,126243,190],{},[75,126245,126247],{"className":77,"code":126246,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126248,126249,126261,126265,126287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126250,126251,126253,126255,126257,126259],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126252,34565],{"class":90},[84,126254,95],{"class":94},[84,126256,3230],{"class":387},[84,126258,60273],{"class":391},[84,126260,3236],{"class":387},[84,126262,126263],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126264,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,126266,126267,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277,126279,126281,126283,126285],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,126268,116],{"class":98},[84,126270,103],{"class":102},[84,126272,34586],{"class":121},[84,126274,425],{"class":102},[84,126276,126158],{"class":121},[84,126278,103],{"class":102},[84,126280,854],{"class":387},[84,126282,60457],{"class":391},[84,126284,854],{"class":387},[84,126286,232],{"class":102},[84,126288,126289,126291,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301,126303,126305,126307],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,126290,116],{"class":98},[84,126292,103],{"class":102},[84,126294,34586],{"class":121},[84,126296,425],{"class":102},[84,126298,126158],{"class":121},[84,126300,103],{"class":102},[84,126302,854],{"class":387},[84,126304,3721],{"class":391},[84,126306,854],{"class":387},[84,126308,232],{"class":102},[24,126310,265],{},[75,126312,126313],{"className":77,"code":44046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126314,126315,126319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126316,126317],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126318,660],{"class":659},[84,126320,126321],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126322,3913],{"class":659},[24,126324,126325,126326,425],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[419,126327,124807],{"href":50844},[70,126329,2038],{"id":2037},[75,126331,126333],{"className":77,"code":126332,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126334,126335],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126336,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126338,61040],{"class":90},[84,126340,425],{"class":102},[84,126342,126158],{"class":121},[84,126344,103],{"class":102},[84,126346,126347],{"class":121},"suffix",[84,126349,282],{"class":102},[84,126351,35928],{"class":121},[84,126353,282],{"class":102},[84,126355,64904],{"class":121},[84,126357,110],{"class":102},[33,126359,126360,126365,126372],{},[36,126361,126362,126364],{},[15,126363,126347],{}," is required",[36,126366,126367,28,126369,126371],{},[15,126368,35949],{},[15,126370,52529],{}," are optional",[36,126373,126374,28,126376,126378],{},[15,126375,35949],{},[15,126377,52529],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[24,126380,126381],{},"Basic example:",[75,126383,126385],{"className":77,"code":126384,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126386,126387,126399],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126388,126389,126391,126393,126395,126397],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126390,126135],{"class":90},[84,126392,95],{"class":94},[84,126394,3230],{"class":387},[84,126396,86757],{"class":391},[84,126398,3236],{"class":387},[84,126400,126401,126403,126405,126407,126409,126411,126413,126415,126417,126419],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126402,116],{"class":98},[84,126404,103],{"class":102},[84,126406,126153],{"class":121},[84,126408,425],{"class":102},[84,126410,126158],{"class":121},[84,126412,103],{"class":102},[84,126414,854],{"class":387},[84,126416,126188],{"class":391},[84,126418,854],{"class":387},[84,126420,232],{"class":102},[24,126422,265],{},[75,126424,126425],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126426,126427],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126428,126429],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126430,660],{"class":659},[70,126432,126434],{"id":126433},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1667,126436,126437],{"id":126347},[15,126438,126347],{},[24,126440,126441,30626],{},[15,126442,126347],{},[33,126444,126445,126448],{},[36,126446,126447],{},"A single string",[36,126449,126450],{},"A tuple of strings",[24,126452,126453],{},"Single suffix:",[75,126455,126457],{"className":77,"code":126456,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126458,126459,126472],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126460,126461,126463,126465,126467,126470],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126462,7754],{"class":90},[84,126464,95],{"class":94},[84,126466,3230],{"class":387},[84,126468,126469],{"class":391},"image.png",[84,126471,3236],{"class":387},[84,126473,126474,126476,126478,126480,126482,126484,126486,126488,126491,126493],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126475,116],{"class":98},[84,126477,103],{"class":102},[84,126479,7544],{"class":121},[84,126481,425],{"class":102},[84,126483,126158],{"class":121},[84,126485,103],{"class":102},[84,126487,854],{"class":387},[84,126489,126490],{"class":391},".png",[84,126492,854],{"class":387},[84,126494,232],{"class":102},[24,126496,265],{},[75,126498,126499],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126500,126501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126502,126503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126504,660],{"class":659},[24,126506,126507],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[75,126509,126511],{"className":77,"code":126510,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126512,126513,126525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126514,126515,126517,126519,126521,126523],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126516,7754],{"class":90},[84,126518,95],{"class":94},[84,126520,3230],{"class":387},[84,126522,126469],{"class":391},[84,126524,3236],{"class":387},[84,126526,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535,126537,126539,126541,126544,126546,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556,126558,126561,126563],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126528,116],{"class":98},[84,126530,103],{"class":102},[84,126532,7544],{"class":121},[84,126534,425],{"class":102},[84,126536,126158],{"class":121},[84,126538,5384],{"class":102},[84,126540,854],{"class":387},[84,126542,126543],{"class":391},".jpg",[84,126545,854],{"class":387},[84,126547,282],{"class":102},[84,126549,3230],{"class":387},[84,126551,126490],{"class":391},[84,126553,854],{"class":387},[84,126555,282],{"class":102},[84,126557,3230],{"class":387},[84,126559,126560],{"class":391},".gif",[84,126562,854],{"class":387},[84,126564,345],{"class":102},[24,126566,265],{},[75,126568,126569],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126570,126571],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126572,126573],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126574,660],{"class":659},[1667,126576,126577],{"id":35949},[15,126578,35949],{},[24,126580,126581,126583],{},[15,126582,35949],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[75,126585,126587],{"className":77,"code":126586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126588,126589,126602],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126590,126591,126593,126595,126597,126600],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126592,34565],{"class":90},[84,126594,95],{"class":94},[84,126596,3230],{"class":387},[84,126598,126599],{"class":391},"my_report.csv",[84,126601,3236],{"class":387},[84,126603,126604,126606,126608,126610,126612,126614,126616,126618,126620,126622,126624,126626],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126605,116],{"class":98},[84,126607,103],{"class":102},[84,126609,34586],{"class":121},[84,126611,425],{"class":102},[84,126613,126158],{"class":121},[84,126615,103],{"class":102},[84,126617,854],{"class":387},[84,126619,126165],{"class":391},[84,126621,854],{"class":387},[84,126623,282],{"class":102},[84,126625,309],{"class":106},[84,126627,232],{"class":102},[24,126629,265],{},[75,126631,126632],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126633,126634],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126635,126636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126637,660],{"class":659},[24,126639,126640,126641,126643,126644,425],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126642,1162],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126645,126646],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1667,126648,126649],{"id":52529},[15,126650,52529],{},[24,126652,126653,126655],{},[15,126654,52529],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[75,126657,126659],{"className":77,"code":126658,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126660,126661,126674],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126662,126663,126665,126667,126669,126672],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126664,34565],{"class":90},[84,126666,95],{"class":94},[84,126668,3230],{"class":387},[84,126670,126671],{"class":391},"report.csv backup",[84,126673,3236],{"class":387},[84,126675,126676,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698,126700,126702],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126677,116],{"class":98},[84,126679,103],{"class":102},[84,126681,34586],{"class":121},[84,126683,425],{"class":102},[84,126685,126158],{"class":121},[84,126687,103],{"class":102},[84,126689,854],{"class":387},[84,126691,126165],{"class":391},[84,126693,854],{"class":387},[84,126695,282],{"class":102},[84,126697,3709],{"class":106},[84,126699,282],{"class":102},[84,126701,573],{"class":106},[84,126703,232],{"class":102},[24,126705,265],{},[75,126707,126708],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126709,126710],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126711,126712],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126713,660],{"class":659},[24,126715,126716,126717,126719],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126718,126646],{}," and ignores the rest.",[70,126721,17301],{"id":17300},[24,126723,126724,25387],{},[15,126725,126110],{},[33,126727,126728,126733],{},[36,126729,126730,126732],{},[15,126731,3481],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[36,126734,126735,126737],{},[15,126736,3548],{}," if it does not",[24,126739,126740,126741,7047],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126742,6872],{},[75,126744,126746],{"className":77,"code":126745,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126747,126748,126761,126765,126786,126801,126807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126749,126750,126752,126754,126756,126759],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126751,126135],{"class":90},[84,126753,95],{"class":94},[84,126755,3230],{"class":387},[84,126757,126758],{"class":391},"data.csv",[84,126760,3236],{"class":387},[84,126762,126763],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126764,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,126766,126767,126769,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,126768,6872],{"class":470},[84,126770,126771],{"class":90}," filename",[84,126773,425],{"class":102},[84,126775,126158],{"class":121},[84,126777,103],{"class":102},[84,126779,854],{"class":387},[84,126781,126165],{"class":391},[84,126783,854],{"class":387},[84,126785,485],{"class":102},[84,126787,126788,126790,126792,126794,126797,126799],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,126789,490],{"class":98},[84,126791,103],{"class":102},[84,126793,854],{"class":387},[84,126795,126796],{"class":391},"This is a CSV file.",[84,126798,854],{"class":387},[84,126800,110],{"class":102},[84,126802,126803,126805],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,126804,27310],{"class":470},[84,126806,6266],{"class":102},[84,126808,126809,126811,126813,126815,126818,126820],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,126810,490],{"class":98},[84,126812,103],{"class":102},[84,126814,854],{"class":387},[84,126816,126817],{"class":391},"This is not a CSV file.",[84,126819,854],{"class":387},[84,126821,110],{"class":102},[24,126823,265],{},[75,126825,126827],{"className":77,"code":126826,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126828,126829],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126830,126831,126833,126835,126837,126840,126842],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126832,49747],{"class":90},[84,126834,12075],{"class":94},[84,126836,44417],{"class":90},[84,126838,126839],{"class":34330},"CSV",[84,126841,86498],{"class":86497},[84,126843,122084],{"class":102},[70,126845,126847],{"id":126846},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1667,126849,126851],{"id":126850},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[75,126853,126855],{"className":77,"code":126854,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126856,126857,126870],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126858,126859,126861,126863,126865,126868],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126860,126135],{"class":90},[84,126862,95],{"class":94},[84,126864,3230],{"class":387},[84,126866,126867],{"class":391},"sales.csv",[84,126869,3236],{"class":387},[84,126871,126872,126874,126876,126878,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126873,116],{"class":98},[84,126875,103],{"class":102},[84,126877,126153],{"class":121},[84,126879,425],{"class":102},[84,126881,126158],{"class":121},[84,126883,103],{"class":102},[84,126885,854],{"class":387},[84,126887,126165],{"class":391},[84,126889,854],{"class":387},[84,126891,232],{"class":102},[24,126893,265],{},[75,126895,126896],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126897,126898],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126899,126900],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126901,660],{"class":659},[1667,126903,126905],{"id":126904},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[75,126907,126909],{"className":77,"code":126908,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126910,126911,126925],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126912,126913,126916,126918,126920,126923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126914,126915],{"class":90},"url ",[84,126917,95],{"class":94},[84,126919,3230],{"class":387},[84,126921,126922],{"class":391},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[84,126924,3236],{"class":387},[84,126926,126927,126929,126931,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126945,126947],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126928,116],{"class":98},[84,126930,103],{"class":102},[84,126932,126933],{"class":121},"url",[84,126935,425],{"class":102},[84,126937,126158],{"class":121},[84,126939,103],{"class":102},[84,126941,854],{"class":387},[84,126943,126944],{"class":391},"\u002F",[84,126946,854],{"class":387},[84,126948,232],{"class":102},[24,126950,265],{},[75,126952,126953],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,126954,126955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126956,126957],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126958,660],{"class":659},[1667,126960,126962],{"id":126961},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[75,126964,126966],{"className":77,"code":126965,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126967,126968,126981],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126969,126970,126972,126974,126976,126979],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126971,89869],{"class":90},[84,126973,95],{"class":94},[84,126975,3230],{"class":387},[84,126977,126978],{"class":391},"Hello!",[84,126980,3236],{"class":387},[84,126982,126983,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,126984,116],{"class":98},[84,126986,103],{"class":102},[84,126988,89886],{"class":121},[84,126990,425],{"class":102},[84,126992,126158],{"class":121},[84,126994,103],{"class":102},[84,126996,854],{"class":387},[84,126998,89710],{"class":391},[84,127000,854],{"class":387},[84,127002,232],{"class":102},[24,127004,265],{},[75,127006,127007],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127008,127009],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127010,127011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127012,660],{"class":659},[1667,127014,127016],{"id":127015},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[75,127018,127020],{"className":77,"code":127019,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127021,127022,127035],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127023,127024,127026,127028,127030,127033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127025,126135],{"class":90},[84,127027,95],{"class":94},[84,127029,3230],{"class":387},[84,127031,127032],{"class":391},"photo.jpg",[84,127034,3236],{"class":387},[84,127036,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127038,116],{"class":98},[84,127040,103],{"class":102},[84,127042,126153],{"class":121},[84,127044,425],{"class":102},[84,127046,126158],{"class":121},[84,127048,5384],{"class":102},[84,127050,854],{"class":387},[84,127052,126543],{"class":391},[84,127054,854],{"class":387},[84,127056,282],{"class":102},[84,127058,3230],{"class":387},[84,127060,126490],{"class":391},[84,127062,854],{"class":387},[84,127064,282],{"class":102},[84,127066,3230],{"class":387},[84,127068,126560],{"class":391},[84,127070,854],{"class":387},[84,127072,345],{"class":102},[24,127074,265],{},[75,127076,127077],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127078,127079],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127080,127081],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127082,660],{"class":659},[24,127084,127085,127086,425],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[419,127087,127088],{"href":123307},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[70,127090,123699],{"id":123698},[24,127092,127093,123510],{},[15,127094,126110],{},[24,127096,127097,127098,28,127101,127104],{},"That means ",[15,127099,127100],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127102,127103],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[75,127106,127108],{"className":77,"code":127107,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127109,127110,127123,127127,127149],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127111,127112,127114,127116,127118,127121],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127113,126135],{"class":90},[84,127115,95],{"class":94},[84,127117,3230],{"class":387},[84,127119,127120],{"class":391},"REPORT.CSV",[84,127122,3236],{"class":387},[84,127124,127125],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127126,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,127128,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143,127145,127147],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,127130,116],{"class":98},[84,127132,103],{"class":102},[84,127134,126153],{"class":121},[84,127136,425],{"class":102},[84,127138,126158],{"class":121},[84,127140,103],{"class":102},[84,127142,854],{"class":387},[84,127144,126165],{"class":391},[84,127146,854],{"class":387},[84,127148,232],{"class":102},[84,127150,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127168,127170],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,127152,116],{"class":98},[84,127154,103],{"class":102},[84,127156,126153],{"class":121},[84,127158,425],{"class":102},[84,127160,126158],{"class":121},[84,127162,103],{"class":102},[84,127164,854],{"class":387},[84,127166,127167],{"class":391},".CSV",[84,127169,854],{"class":387},[84,127171,232],{"class":102},[24,127173,265],{},[75,127175,127177],{"className":77,"code":127176,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127178,127179,127183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127180,127181],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127182,3913],{"class":659},[84,127184,127185],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127186,660],{"class":659},[24,127188,127189,127190,425],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[419,127191,127192],{"href":123779},[15,127193,123782],{},[75,127195,127197],{"className":77,"code":127196,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127198,127199,127211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127200,127201,127203,127205,127207,127209],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127202,126135],{"class":90},[84,127204,95],{"class":94},[84,127206,3230],{"class":387},[84,127208,127120],{"class":391},[84,127210,3236],{"class":387},[84,127212,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127214,116],{"class":98},[84,127216,103],{"class":102},[84,127218,126153],{"class":121},[84,127220,425],{"class":102},[84,127222,8517],{"class":121},[84,127224,8514],{"class":102},[84,127226,126158],{"class":121},[84,127228,103],{"class":102},[84,127230,854],{"class":387},[84,127232,126165],{"class":391},[84,127234,854],{"class":387},[84,127236,232],{"class":102},[24,127238,265],{},[75,127240,127241],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127242,127243],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127244,127245],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127246,660],{"class":659},[70,127248,127250],{"id":127249},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[24,127252,127253],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[75,127255,127257],{"className":77,"code":127256,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127258,127259,127272],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127260,127261,127263,127265,127267,127270],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127262,126135],{"class":90},[84,127264,95],{"class":94},[84,127266,3230],{"class":387},[84,127268,127269],{"class":391},"picture.gif",[84,127271,3236],{"class":387},[84,127273,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127308],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127275,116],{"class":98},[84,127277,103],{"class":102},[84,127279,126153],{"class":121},[84,127281,425],{"class":102},[84,127283,126158],{"class":121},[84,127285,5384],{"class":102},[84,127287,854],{"class":387},[84,127289,126543],{"class":391},[84,127291,854],{"class":387},[84,127293,282],{"class":102},[84,127295,3230],{"class":387},[84,127297,126490],{"class":391},[84,127299,854],{"class":387},[84,127301,282],{"class":102},[84,127303,3230],{"class":387},[84,127305,126560],{"class":391},[84,127307,854],{"class":387},[84,127309,345],{"class":102},[24,127311,265],{},[75,127313,127314],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127315,127316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127317,127318],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127319,660],{"class":659},[24,127321,127322],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[24,127324,51949],{},[75,127326,127328],{"className":77,"code":127327,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127329,127330,127343,127378,127382],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127331,127332,127335,127337,127339,127341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127333,127334],{"class":90},"document ",[84,127336,95],{"class":94},[84,127338,3230],{"class":387},[84,127340,86757],{"class":391},[84,127342,3236],{"class":387},[84,127344,127345,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127365,127367,127369,127371,127374,127376],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127346,127347],{"class":90},"allowed ",[84,127349,95],{"class":94},[84,127351,9115],{"class":102},[84,127353,854],{"class":387},[84,127355,126188],{"class":391},[84,127357,854],{"class":387},[84,127359,282],{"class":102},[84,127361,3230],{"class":387},[84,127363,127364],{"class":391},".md",[84,127366,854],{"class":387},[84,127368,282],{"class":102},[84,127370,3230],{"class":387},[84,127372,127373],{"class":391},".docx",[84,127375,854],{"class":387},[84,127377,110],{"class":102},[84,127379,127380],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,127381,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,127383,127384,127386,127388,127391,127393,127395,127397,127400],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,127385,116],{"class":98},[84,127387,103],{"class":102},[84,127389,127390],{"class":121},"document",[84,127392,425],{"class":102},[84,127394,126158],{"class":121},[84,127396,103],{"class":102},[84,127398,127399],{"class":121},"allowed",[84,127401,232],{"class":102},[24,127403,265],{},[75,127405,127406],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127407,127408],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127409,127410],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127411,660],{"class":659},[24,127413,127414,127415,425],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[419,127416,126052,127418,10620],{"href":127417},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127419,127420],{},"startswith()",[70,127422,1434],{"id":1433},[24,127424,8323,127425,425],{},[15,127426,126110],{},[1667,127428,127430],{"id":127429},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[24,127432,4400],{},[75,127434,127436],{"className":77,"code":127435,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127437,127438,127450],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127439,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127441,126135],{"class":90},[84,127443,95],{"class":94},[84,127445,3230],{"class":387},[84,127447,127032],{"class":391},[84,127449,3236],{"class":387},[84,127451,127452],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127453,127454],{"class":128},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[24,127456,127457],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[75,127459,127461],{"className":77,"code":127460,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127462,127463,127475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127464,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127466,126135],{"class":90},[84,127468,95],{"class":94},[84,127470,3230],{"class":387},[84,127472,127032],{"class":391},[84,127474,3236],{"class":387},[84,127476,127477,127479,127481,127483,127485,127487,127489,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127478,116],{"class":98},[84,127480,103],{"class":102},[84,127482,126153],{"class":121},[84,127484,425],{"class":102},[84,127486,126158],{"class":121},[84,127488,5384],{"class":102},[84,127490,854],{"class":387},[84,127492,126543],{"class":391},[84,127494,854],{"class":387},[84,127496,282],{"class":102},[84,127498,3230],{"class":387},[84,127500,126490],{"class":391},[84,127502,854],{"class":387},[84,127504,345],{"class":102},[1667,127506,127508],{"id":127507},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[75,127510,127512],{"className":77,"code":127511,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127513,127514,127526],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127515,127516,127518,127520,127522,127524],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127517,126135],{"class":90},[84,127519,95],{"class":94},[84,127521,3230],{"class":387},[84,127523,127120],{"class":391},[84,127525,3236],{"class":387},[84,127527,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127529,116],{"class":98},[84,127531,103],{"class":102},[84,127533,126153],{"class":121},[84,127535,425],{"class":102},[84,127537,126158],{"class":121},[84,127539,103],{"class":102},[84,127541,854],{"class":387},[84,127543,126165],{"class":391},[84,127545,854],{"class":387},[84,127547,232],{"class":102},[24,127549,265],{},[75,127551,127552],{"className":77,"code":3913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127553,127554],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127555,127556],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127557,3913],{"class":659},[24,127559,39132],{},[75,127561,127562],{"className":77,"code":127196,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127563,127564,127576],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127565,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127567,126135],{"class":90},[84,127569,95],{"class":94},[84,127571,3230],{"class":387},[84,127573,127120],{"class":391},[84,127575,3236],{"class":387},[84,127577,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127579,116],{"class":98},[84,127581,103],{"class":102},[84,127583,126153],{"class":121},[84,127585,425],{"class":102},[84,127587,8517],{"class":121},[84,127589,8514],{"class":102},[84,127591,126158],{"class":121},[84,127593,103],{"class":102},[84,127595,854],{"class":387},[84,127597,126165],{"class":391},[84,127599,854],{"class":387},[84,127601,232],{"class":102},[1667,127603,37076,127605,8582,127607],{"id":127604},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127606,126110],{},[15,127608,476],{},[24,127610,127611,127613],{},[15,127612,126110],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[75,127615,127617],{"className":77,"code":127616,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127618,127619,127632,127636,127658],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127620,127621,127623,127625,127627,127630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127622,34565],{"class":90},[84,127624,95],{"class":94},[84,127626,3230],{"class":387},[84,127628,127629],{"class":391},"my_report.csv.backup",[84,127631,3236],{"class":387},[84,127633,127634],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127635,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,127637,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654,127656],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,127639,116],{"class":98},[84,127641,103],{"class":102},[84,127643,34586],{"class":121},[84,127645,425],{"class":102},[84,127647,126158],{"class":121},[84,127649,103],{"class":102},[84,127651,854],{"class":387},[84,127653,126165],{"class":391},[84,127655,854],{"class":387},[84,127657,232],{"class":102},[84,127659,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,127661,116],{"class":98},[84,127663,103],{"class":102},[84,127665,854],{"class":387},[84,127667,126165],{"class":391},[84,127669,854],{"class":387},[84,127671,620],{"class":470},[84,127673,42713],{"class":121},[84,127675,110],{"class":102},[24,127677,265],{},[75,127679,127680],{"className":77,"code":127176,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127681,127682,127686],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127683,127684],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127685,3913],{"class":659},[84,127687,127688],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127689,660],{"class":659},[1667,127691,8329,127693,127695],{"id":127692},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127694,126110],{}," to remove the suffix",[24,127697,127698,127700],{},[15,127699,126110],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[75,127702,127704],{"className":77,"code":127703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127705,127706,127718,127740],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127707,127708,127710,127712,127714,127716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127709,126135],{"class":90},[84,127711,95],{"class":94},[84,127713,3230],{"class":387},[84,127715,126142],{"class":391},[84,127717,3236],{"class":387},[84,127719,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127721,116],{"class":98},[84,127723,103],{"class":102},[84,127725,126153],{"class":121},[84,127727,425],{"class":102},[84,127729,126158],{"class":121},[84,127731,103],{"class":102},[84,127733,854],{"class":387},[84,127735,126165],{"class":391},[84,127737,854],{"class":387},[84,127739,232],{"class":102},[84,127741,127742,127744,127746,127748],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,127743,116],{"class":98},[84,127745,103],{"class":102},[84,127747,126153],{"class":121},[84,127749,110],{"class":102},[24,127751,265],{},[75,127753,127755],{"className":77,"code":127754,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127756,127757,127761],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127758,127759],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127760,660],{"class":659},[84,127762,127763,127766,127768],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127764,127765],{"class":90},"report",[84,127767,425],{"class":102},[84,127769,127770],{"class":24629},"csv\n",[24,127772,127773,127774,425],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[419,127775,127776],{"href":124220},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[24,127778,65927],{},[33,127780,127781,127784,127787,127790],{},[36,127782,127783],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[36,127785,127786],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[36,127788,127789],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[36,127791,1442,127792,44502,127794,2759,127796,111249],{},[15,127793,126110],{},[15,127795,124223],{},[15,127797,41525],{},[24,127799,30011],{},[75,127801,127803],{"className":77,"code":127802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127804,127805,127815,127829,127851,127877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127806,127807,127809,127811,127813],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127808,116],{"class":98},[84,127810,103],{"class":102},[84,127812,34586],{"class":121},[84,127814,110],{"class":102},[84,127816,127817,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,127818,116],{"class":98},[84,127820,103],{"class":102},[84,127822,41651],{"class":98},[84,127824,103],{"class":102},[84,127826,34586],{"class":121},[84,127828,232],{"class":102},[84,127830,127831,127833,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,127832,116],{"class":98},[84,127834,103],{"class":102},[84,127836,34586],{"class":121},[84,127838,425],{"class":102},[84,127840,126158],{"class":121},[84,127842,103],{"class":102},[84,127844,394],{"class":387},[84,127846,126165],{"class":391},[84,127848,394],{"class":387},[84,127850,232],{"class":102},[84,127852,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,127854,116],{"class":98},[84,127856,103],{"class":102},[84,127858,34586],{"class":121},[84,127860,425],{"class":102},[84,127862,8517],{"class":121},[84,127864,8514],{"class":102},[84,127866,126158],{"class":121},[84,127868,103],{"class":102},[84,127870,394],{"class":387},[84,127872,126165],{"class":391},[84,127874,394],{"class":387},[84,127876,232],{"class":102},[84,127878,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,127880,116],{"class":98},[84,127882,103],{"class":102},[84,127884,334],{"class":139},[84,127886,103],{"class":102},[84,127888,34586],{"class":121},[84,127890,232],{"class":102},[70,127892,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,127894,12586,127896,127898],{"id":127895},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127897,126110],{}," change the string?",[24,127900,127901,127902,2759,127904,425],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127903,3481],{},[15,127905,3548],{},[1667,127907,5043,127909,127911],{"id":127908},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127910,126110],{}," check more than one ending?",[24,127913,127914,127915,425],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127916,127917],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1667,127919,1670,127921,124388],{"id":127920},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127922,126110],{},[24,127924,127925,127926,2759,127928,127931],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127927,123782],{},[15,127929,127930],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1667,127933,5053,127935,28,127937,1689],{"id":127934},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127936,126110],{},[15,127938,124047],{},[24,127940,127941,127943,127944,127946],{},[15,127942,126110],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127945,124047],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[70,127948,1777],{"id":1776},[33,127950,127951,127957,127963,127967,127971],{},[36,127952,127953],{},[419,127954,126052,127955,10620],{"href":127417},[15,127956,127420],{},[36,127958,127959],{},[419,127960,126052,127961,10620],{"href":123779},[15,127962,123782],{},[36,127964,127965],{},[419,127966,124451],{"href":123307},[36,127968,127969],{},[419,127970,124458],{"href":124220},[36,127972,127973],{},[419,127974,124807],{"href":50844},[1814,127976,127977],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":127979},[127980,127981,127983,127984,127989,127990,127996,127997,127998,128006,128016],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":126218,"depth":113,"text":127982},"What endswith() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":126433,"depth":113,"text":126434,"children":127985},[127986,127987,127988],{"id":126347,"depth":132,"text":126347},{"id":35949,"depth":132,"text":35949},{"id":52529,"depth":132,"text":52529},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":126846,"depth":113,"text":126847,"children":127991},[127992,127993,127994,127995],{"id":126850,"depth":132,"text":126851},{"id":126904,"depth":132,"text":126905},{"id":126961,"depth":132,"text":126962},{"id":127015,"depth":132,"text":127016},{"id":123698,"depth":113,"text":123699},{"id":127249,"depth":113,"text":127250},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":127999},[128000,128001,128002,128004],{"id":127429,"depth":132,"text":127430},{"id":127507,"depth":132,"text":127508},{"id":127604,"depth":132,"text":128003},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127692,"depth":132,"text":128005},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":128007},[128008,128010,128012,128014],{"id":127895,"depth":132,"text":128009},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127908,"depth":132,"text":128011},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127920,"depth":132,"text":128013},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127934,"depth":132,"text":128015},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126102,"description":128017},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128024,"title":128025,"body":128026,"description":129694,"extension":1845,"meta":129695,"navigation":237,"path":129696,"seo":129697,"stem":129698,"__hash__":129699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128027,"toc":129667},[128028,128033,128038,128043,128048,128141,128151,128156,128161,128176,128178,128260,128268,128270,128272,128299,128301,128317,128324,128326,128434,128436,128441,128457,128459,128554,128562,128565,128571,128576,128581,128588,128727,128730,128743,128745,128749,128756,128826,128829,128878,128885,128892,128906,128911,128916,128962,129008,129024,129026,129031,129045,129048,129170,129175,129177,129182,129215,129218,129294,129296,129305,129319,129322,129406,129409,129520,129523,129551,129553,129560,129564,129570,129573,129579,129582,129589,129600,129606,129613,129615,129664],[10,128029,123052,128031,11201],{"id":128030},"python-string-find-method",[15,128032,124047],{},[24,128034,123057,128035,128037],{},[15,128036,124047],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[24,128039,128040,128041,425],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128042,65718],{},[24,128044,153,128045,128047],{},[15,128046,124047],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[75,128049,128051],{"className":77,"code":128050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128052,128053,128065,128088,128101,128105,128128],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128054,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128056,34565],{"class":90},[84,128058,95],{"class":94},[84,128060,3230],{"class":387},[84,128062,60273],{"class":391},[84,128064,3236],{"class":387},[84,128066,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128078,128080,128082,128084,128086],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128068,64783],{"class":90},[84,128070,95],{"class":94},[84,128072,42713],{"class":90},[84,128074,425],{"class":102},[84,128076,128077],{"class":121},"find",[84,128079,103],{"class":102},[84,128081,854],{"class":387},[84,128083,60457],{"class":391},[84,128085,854],{"class":387},[84,128087,110],{"class":102},[84,128089,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128091,116],{"class":98},[84,128093,103],{"class":102},[84,128095,64810],{"class":121},[84,128097,125],{"class":102},[84,128099,128100],{"class":128},"   # 6\n",[84,128102,128103],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,128104,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128106,128107,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,128108,128109],{"class":90},"missing ",[84,128111,95],{"class":94},[84,128113,42713],{"class":90},[84,128115,425],{"class":102},[84,128117,128077],{"class":121},[84,128119,103],{"class":102},[84,128121,854],{"class":387},[84,128123,79],{"class":391},[84,128125,854],{"class":387},[84,128127,110],{"class":102},[84,128129,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,128131,116],{"class":98},[84,128133,103],{"class":102},[84,128135,26649],{"class":121},[84,128137,125],{"class":102},[84,128139,128140],{"class":128},"    # -1\n",[43452,128142,128143],{},[24,128144,153,128145,128147,128148,128150],{},[15,128146,124047],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128149,65718],{}," if the substring is not found.",[70,128152,429,128154,3554],{"id":128153},"what-find-does",[15,128155,124047],{},[24,128157,128158,128160],{},[15,128159,124047],{}," is a string method that:",[33,128162,128163,128166,128169,128174],{},[36,128164,128165],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[36,128167,128168],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[36,128170,11303,128171,128173],{},[15,128172,65718],{}," if no match is found",[36,128175,126238],{},[24,128177,190],{},[75,128179,128181],{"className":77,"code":128180,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128182,128183,128195,128199,128223,128247],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128184,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128186,34565],{"class":90},[84,128188,95],{"class":94},[84,128190,3230],{"class":387},[84,128192,3961],{"class":391},[84,128194,3236],{"class":387},[84,128196,128197],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128198,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128200,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219,128221],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128202,116],{"class":98},[84,128204,103],{"class":102},[84,128206,34586],{"class":121},[84,128208,425],{"class":102},[84,128210,128077],{"class":121},[84,128212,103],{"class":102},[84,128214,854],{"class":387},[84,128216,123145],{"class":391},[84,128218,854],{"class":387},[84,128220,147],{"class":102},[84,128222,57513],{"class":128},[84,128224,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,128226,116],{"class":98},[84,128228,103],{"class":102},[84,128230,34586],{"class":121},[84,128232,425],{"class":102},[84,128234,128077],{"class":121},[84,128236,103],{"class":102},[84,128238,854],{"class":387},[84,128240,2055],{"class":391},[84,128242,854],{"class":387},[84,128244,147],{"class":102},[84,128246,128140],{"class":128},[84,128248,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,128250,116],{"class":98},[84,128252,103],{"class":102},[84,128254,34586],{"class":121},[84,128256,125],{"class":102},[84,128258,128259],{"class":128},"              # banana\n",[24,128261,532,128262,128265,128266,425],{},[15,128263,128264],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128267,568],{},[70,128269,2038],{"id":2037},[24,128271,2041],{},[75,128273,128275],{"className":77,"code":128274,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128276,128277],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128278,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293,128295,128297],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128280,61040],{"class":90},[84,128282,425],{"class":102},[84,128284,128077],{"class":121},[84,128286,103],{"class":102},[84,128288,2354],{"class":121},[84,128290,282],{"class":102},[84,128292,35928],{"class":121},[84,128294,282],{"class":102},[84,128296,64904],{"class":121},[84,128298,110],{"class":102},[1667,128300,17277],{"id":17276},[33,128302,128303,128307,128312],{},[36,128304,128305,123244],{},[15,128306,2354],{},[36,128308,128309,128311],{},[15,128310,35949],{},": optional starting position",[36,128313,128314,128316],{},[15,128315,52529],{},": optional ending position",[24,128318,128319,28,128321,128323],{},[15,128320,35949],{},[15,128322,52529],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[24,128325,126381],{},[75,128327,128329],{"className":77,"code":128328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128330,128331,128343,128347,128372,128401],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128332,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128334,34565],{"class":90},[84,128336,95],{"class":94},[84,128338,3230],{"class":387},[84,128340,60273],{"class":391},[84,128342,3236],{"class":387},[84,128344,128345],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128346,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128348,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128350,116],{"class":98},[84,128352,103],{"class":102},[84,128354,34586],{"class":121},[84,128356,425],{"class":102},[84,128358,128077],{"class":121},[84,128360,103],{"class":102},[84,128362,854],{"class":387},[84,128364,60340],{"class":391},[84,128366,854],{"class":387},[84,128368,147],{"class":102},[84,128370,128371],{"class":128},"        # 4\n",[84,128373,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,128375,116],{"class":98},[84,128377,103],{"class":102},[84,128379,34586],{"class":121},[84,128381,425],{"class":102},[84,128383,128077],{"class":121},[84,128385,103],{"class":102},[84,128387,854],{"class":387},[84,128389,60340],{"class":391},[84,128391,854],{"class":387},[84,128393,282],{"class":102},[84,128395,285],{"class":106},[84,128397,147],{"class":102},[84,128399,128400],{"class":128},"     # 7\n",[84,128402,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,128404,116],{"class":98},[84,128406,103],{"class":102},[84,128408,34586],{"class":121},[84,128410,425],{"class":102},[84,128412,128077],{"class":121},[84,128414,103],{"class":102},[84,128416,854],{"class":387},[84,128418,60340],{"class":391},[84,128420,854],{"class":387},[84,128422,282],{"class":102},[84,128424,285],{"class":106},[84,128426,282],{"class":102},[84,128428,5867],{"class":106},[84,128430,147],{"class":102},[84,128432,128433],{"class":128},"  # -1\n",[70,128435,37890],{"id":37889},[24,128437,57412,128438,128440],{},[15,128439,124047],{}," is always an integer.",[33,128442,128443,128449,128452],{},[36,128444,128445,128446,128448],{},"A number ",[15,128447,279],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[36,128450,128451],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[36,128453,128454,128456],{},[15,128455,65718],{}," means the substring was not found",[24,128458,190],{},[75,128460,128462],{"className":77,"code":128461,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128463,128464,128476,128480,128505,128530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128465,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128467,34565],{"class":90},[84,128469,95],{"class":94},[84,128471,3230],{"class":387},[84,128473,79],{"class":391},[84,128475,3236],{"class":387},[84,128477,128478],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128479,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128481,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128499,128501,128503],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128483,116],{"class":98},[84,128485,103],{"class":102},[84,128487,34586],{"class":121},[84,128489,425],{"class":102},[84,128491,128077],{"class":121},[84,128493,103],{"class":102},[84,128495,854],{"class":387},[84,128497,128498],{"class":391},"py",[84,128500,854],{"class":387},[84,128502,147],{"class":102},[84,128504,20652],{"class":128},[84,128506,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128524,128526,128528],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,128508,116],{"class":98},[84,128510,103],{"class":102},[84,128512,34586],{"class":121},[84,128514,425],{"class":102},[84,128516,128077],{"class":121},[84,128518,103],{"class":102},[84,128520,854],{"class":387},[84,128522,128523],{"class":391},"th",[84,128525,854],{"class":387},[84,128527,147],{"class":102},[84,128529,57513],{"class":128},[84,128531,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,128533,116],{"class":98},[84,128535,103],{"class":102},[84,128537,34586],{"class":121},[84,128539,425],{"class":102},[84,128541,128077],{"class":121},[84,128543,103],{"class":102},[84,128545,854],{"class":387},[84,128547,21958],{"class":391},[84,128549,854],{"class":387},[84,128551,147],{"class":102},[84,128553,128140],{"class":128},[24,128555,89772,128556,8332,128558,2759,128560,425],{},[15,128557,124047],{},[15,128559,3481],{},[15,128561,3548],{},[24,128563,128564],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[70,128566,1442,128567,28,128569],{"id":65270},[15,128568,35949],{},[15,128570,52529],{},[24,128572,153,128573,128575],{},[15,128574,35949],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[24,128577,153,128578,128580],{},[15,128579,52529],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[24,128582,1862,128583,75325,128585,128587],{},[15,128584,52529],{},[42,128586,64933],{}," in the search.",[75,128589,128591],{"className":77,"code":128590,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128592,128593,128606,128610,128634,128663,128695],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128594,128595,128597,128599,128601,128604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128596,34565],{"class":90},[84,128598,95],{"class":94},[84,128600,3230],{"class":387},[84,128602,128603],{"class":391},"one two three two",[84,128605,3236],{"class":387},[84,128607,128608],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128609,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128613,116],{"class":98},[84,128615,103],{"class":102},[84,128617,34586],{"class":121},[84,128619,425],{"class":102},[84,128621,128077],{"class":121},[84,128623,103],{"class":102},[84,128625,854],{"class":387},[84,128627,79134],{"class":391},[84,128629,854],{"class":387},[84,128631,147],{"class":102},[84,128633,128371],{"class":128},[84,128635,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,128637,116],{"class":98},[84,128639,103],{"class":102},[84,128641,34586],{"class":121},[84,128643,425],{"class":102},[84,128645,128077],{"class":121},[84,128647,103],{"class":102},[84,128649,854],{"class":387},[84,128651,79134],{"class":391},[84,128653,854],{"class":387},[84,128655,282],{"class":102},[84,128657,285],{"class":106},[84,128659,147],{"class":102},[84,128661,128662],{"class":128},"     # 14\n",[84,128664,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,128666,116],{"class":98},[84,128668,103],{"class":102},[84,128670,34586],{"class":121},[84,128672,425],{"class":102},[84,128674,128077],{"class":121},[84,128676,103],{"class":102},[84,128678,854],{"class":387},[84,128680,79134],{"class":391},[84,128682,854],{"class":387},[84,128684,282],{"class":102},[84,128686,3709],{"class":106},[84,128688,282],{"class":102},[84,128690,5867],{"class":106},[84,128692,147],{"class":102},[84,128694,50804],{"class":128},[84,128696,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,128698,116],{"class":98},[84,128700,103],{"class":102},[84,128702,34586],{"class":121},[84,128704,425],{"class":102},[84,128706,128077],{"class":121},[84,128708,103],{"class":102},[84,128710,854],{"class":387},[84,128712,79134],{"class":391},[84,128714,854],{"class":387},[84,128716,282],{"class":102},[84,128718,3709],{"class":106},[84,128720,282],{"class":102},[84,128722,314],{"class":106},[84,128724,147],{"class":102},[84,128726,128433],{"class":128},[24,128728,128729],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[24,128731,128732,128733,54937,128737,425],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[419,128734,128736],{"href":128735},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[419,128738,128740,128742],{"href":128739},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128741,60397],{}," string method",[70,128744,123699],{"id":123698},[24,128746,128747,123510],{},[15,128748,124047],{},[24,128750,127097,128751,28,128753,128755],{},[15,128752,90280],{},[15,128754,64399],{}," are treated as different text.",[75,128757,128759],{"className":77,"code":128758,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128760,128761,128774,128778,128802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128762,128763,128765,128767,128769,128772],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128764,34565],{"class":90},[84,128766,95],{"class":94},[84,128768,3230],{"class":387},[84,128770,128771],{"class":391},"Hello World",[84,128773,3236],{"class":387},[84,128775,128776],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128777,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128779,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128781,116],{"class":98},[84,128783,103],{"class":102},[84,128785,34586],{"class":121},[84,128787,425],{"class":102},[84,128789,128077],{"class":121},[84,128791,103],{"class":102},[84,128793,854],{"class":387},[84,128795,34744],{"class":391},[84,128797,854],{"class":387},[84,128799,147],{"class":102},[84,128801,51116],{"class":128},[84,128803,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,128805,116],{"class":98},[84,128807,103],{"class":102},[84,128809,34586],{"class":121},[84,128811,425],{"class":102},[84,128813,128077],{"class":121},[84,128815,103],{"class":102},[84,128817,854],{"class":387},[84,128819,3721],{"class":391},[84,128821,854],{"class":387},[84,128823,147],{"class":102},[84,128825,128433],{"class":128},[24,128827,128828],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[75,128830,128832],{"className":77,"code":128831,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128833,128834,128846,128850],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128835,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128837,34565],{"class":90},[84,128839,95],{"class":94},[84,128841,3230],{"class":387},[84,128843,128771],{"class":391},[84,128845,3236],{"class":387},[84,128847,128848],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128849,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128851,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128853,116],{"class":98},[84,128855,103],{"class":102},[84,128857,34586],{"class":121},[84,128859,425],{"class":102},[84,128861,8517],{"class":121},[84,128863,8514],{"class":102},[84,128865,128077],{"class":121},[84,128867,103],{"class":102},[84,128869,854],{"class":387},[84,128871,3721],{"class":391},[84,128873,854],{"class":387},[84,128875,147],{"class":102},[84,128877,51116],{"class":128},[70,128879,128881,18,128883],{"id":128880},"find-vs-index",[15,128882,124047],{},[15,128884,58836],{},[24,128886,128887,28,128889,128891],{},[15,128888,124047],{},[15,128890,58836],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[33,128893,128894,128900],{},[36,128895,128896,2279,128898],{},[15,128897,124047],{},[15,128899,65718],{},[36,128901,128902,52364,128904],{},[15,128903,58836],{},[15,128905,40575],{},[24,128907,153,128908,128910],{},[15,128909,124047],{}," when missing text is normal.",[24,128912,153,128913,128915],{},[15,128914,58836],{}," when the value must exist.",[75,128917,128919],{"className":77,"code":128918,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128920,128921,128933,128937],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128922,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128924,34565],{"class":90},[84,128926,95],{"class":94},[84,128928,3230],{"class":387},[84,128930,3721],{"class":391},[84,128932,3236],{"class":387},[84,128934,128935],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128936,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128938,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128940,116],{"class":98},[84,128942,103],{"class":102},[84,128944,34586],{"class":121},[84,128946,425],{"class":102},[84,128948,128077],{"class":121},[84,128950,103],{"class":102},[84,128952,854],{"class":387},[84,128954,2055],{"class":391},[84,128956,854],{"class":387},[84,128958,147],{"class":102},[84,128960,128961],{"class":128},"   # -1\n",[75,128963,128965],{"className":77,"code":128964,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128966,128967,128979,128983],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128968,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128970,34565],{"class":90},[84,128972,95],{"class":94},[84,128974,3230],{"class":387},[84,128976,3721],{"class":391},[84,128978,3236],{"class":387},[84,128980,128981],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,128982,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,128984,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,128986,116],{"class":98},[84,128988,103],{"class":102},[84,128990,34586],{"class":121},[84,128992,425],{"class":102},[84,128994,35722],{"class":121},[84,128996,103],{"class":102},[84,128998,854],{"class":387},[84,129000,2055],{"class":391},[84,129002,854],{"class":387},[84,129004,147],{"class":102},[84,129006,129007],{"class":128},"  # ValueError\n",[24,129009,129010,129011,129015,129016,129018,129019,425],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[419,129012,129013,128742],{"href":124072},[15,129014,58836],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129017,58836],{},", read ",[419,129020,1278,129021],{"href":73345},[15,129022,129023],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[70,129025,40917],{"id":40916},[24,129027,35283,129028,129030],{},[15,129029,124047],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[33,129032,129033,129036,129039,129042],{},[36,129034,129035],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[36,129037,129038],{},"Get the position of a word",[36,129040,129041],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[36,129043,129044],{},"Search before slicing a string",[24,129046,129047],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[75,129049,129051],{"className":77,"code":129050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129052,129053,129066,129089,129093,129108,129124,129143,129157],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129054,129055,129057,129059,129061,129064],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129056,34565],{"class":90},[84,129058,95],{"class":94},[84,129060,3230],{"class":387},[84,129062,129063],{"class":391},"name:Alice",[84,129065,3236],{"class":387},[84,129067,129068,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,129069,129070],{"class":90},"colon_pos ",[84,129072,95],{"class":94},[84,129074,42713],{"class":90},[84,129076,425],{"class":102},[84,129078,128077],{"class":121},[84,129080,103],{"class":102},[84,129082,854],{"class":387},[84,129084,881],{"class":391},[84,129086,854],{"class":387},[84,129088,110],{"class":102},[84,129090,129091],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,129092,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,129094,129095,129097,129100,129102,129104,129106],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,129096,6872],{"class":470},[84,129098,129099],{"class":90}," colon_pos ",[84,129101,72455],{"class":94},[84,129103,2102],{"class":94},[84,129105,838],{"class":106},[84,129107,6266],{"class":102},[84,129109,129110,129113,129115,129117,129119,129122],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,129111,129112],{"class":90},"    label ",[84,129114,95],{"class":94},[84,129116,42713],{"class":90},[84,129118,75398],{"class":102},[84,129120,129121],{"class":90},"colon_pos",[84,129123,317],{"class":102},[84,129125,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,129127,27277],{"class":90},[84,129129,95],{"class":94},[84,129131,42713],{"class":90},[84,129133,292],{"class":102},[84,129135,129070],{"class":90},[84,129137,1943],{"class":94},[84,129139,299],{"class":106},[84,129141,129142],{"class":102},":]\n",[84,129144,129145,129147,129149,129152,129154],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,129146,490],{"class":98},[84,129148,103],{"class":102},[84,129150,129151],{"class":121},"label",[84,129153,125],{"class":102},[84,129155,129156],{"class":128},"  # name\n",[84,129158,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,129160,490],{"class":98},[84,129162,103],{"class":102},[84,129164,2354],{"class":121},[84,129166,125],{"class":102},[84,129168,129169],{"class":128},"  # Alice\n",[24,129171,129172,129173,425],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[419,129174,127088],{"href":123307},[70,129176,1434],{"id":1433},[24,129178,129179,129180,881],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129181,124047],{},[33,129183,129184,129193,129199,129204,129210],{},[36,129185,8329,129186,8332,129188,2759,129190,129192],{},[15,129187,124047],{},[15,129189,3481],{},[15,129191,3548],{}," instead of an index",[36,129194,129195,129196,129198],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129197,65718],{}," when the substring is missing",[36,129200,1442,129201,129203],{},[15,129202,124047],{}," without handling case differences",[36,129205,37076,129206,8582,129208],{},[15,129207,124047],{},[15,129209,58836],{},[36,129211,4454,129212,129214],{},[15,129213,124047],{}," changes the string",[24,129216,129217],{},"Example of a mistake:",[75,129219,129221],{"className":77,"code":129220,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129222,129223,129235,129239,129259,129274,129280],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129224,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129226,34565],{"class":90},[84,129228,95],{"class":94},[84,129230,3230],{"class":387},[84,129232,3721],{"class":391},[84,129234,3236],{"class":387},[84,129236,129237],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,129238,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,129240,129241,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,129242,6872],{"class":470},[84,129244,42713],{"class":90},[84,129246,425],{"class":102},[84,129248,128077],{"class":121},[84,129250,103],{"class":102},[84,129252,854],{"class":387},[84,129254,60305],{"class":391},[84,129256,854],{"class":387},[84,129258,485],{"class":102},[84,129260,129261,129263,129265,129267,129270,129272],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,129262,490],{"class":98},[84,129264,103],{"class":102},[84,129266,854],{"class":387},[84,129268,129269],{"class":391},"Found",[84,129271,854],{"class":387},[84,129273,110],{"class":102},[84,129275,129276,129278],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,129277,27310],{"class":470},[84,129279,6266],{"class":102},[84,129281,129282,129284,129286,129288,129290,129292],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,129283,490],{"class":98},[84,129285,103],{"class":102},[84,129287,854],{"class":387},[84,129289,26191],{"class":391},[84,129291,854],{"class":387},[84,129293,110],{"class":102},[24,129295,99613],{},[75,129297,129299],{"className":77,"code":129298,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Not found\n",[15,129300,129301],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129302,129303],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129304,129298],{"class":90},[24,129306,45575,129307,129310,129311,16954,129313,129315,129316,129318],{},[15,129308,129309],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129312,279],{},[15,129314,279],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129317,6872],{}," statement.",[24,129320,129321],{},"A safer version is:",[75,129323,129325],{"className":77,"code":129324,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129326,129327,129339,129343,129372,129386,129392],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129328,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129330,34565],{"class":90},[84,129332,95],{"class":94},[84,129334,3230],{"class":387},[84,129336,3721],{"class":391},[84,129338,3236],{"class":387},[84,129340,129341],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,129342,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,129344,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129366,129368,129370],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,129346,6872],{"class":470},[84,129348,42713],{"class":90},[84,129350,425],{"class":102},[84,129352,128077],{"class":121},[84,129354,103],{"class":102},[84,129356,854],{"class":387},[84,129358,60305],{"class":391},[84,129360,854],{"class":387},[84,129362,125],{"class":102},[84,129364,129365],{"class":94}," !=",[84,129367,2102],{"class":94},[84,129369,838],{"class":106},[84,129371,6266],{"class":102},[84,129373,129374,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,129375,490],{"class":98},[84,129377,103],{"class":102},[84,129379,854],{"class":387},[84,129381,129269],{"class":391},[84,129383,854],{"class":387},[84,129385,110],{"class":102},[84,129387,129388,129390],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,129389,27310],{"class":470},[84,129391,6266],{"class":102},[84,129393,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,129395,490],{"class":98},[84,129397,103],{"class":102},[84,129399,854],{"class":387},[84,129401,26191],{"class":391},[84,129403,854],{"class":387},[84,129405,110],{"class":102},[24,129407,129408],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[75,129410,129412],{"className":77,"code":129411,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129413,129414,129436,129450,129476,129490],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129415,129416,129418,129420,129422,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432,129434],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129417,116],{"class":98},[84,129419,103],{"class":102},[84,129421,34586],{"class":121},[84,129423,425],{"class":102},[84,129425,128077],{"class":121},[84,129427,103],{"class":102},[84,129429,394],{"class":387},[84,129431,38261],{"class":391},[84,129433,394],{"class":387},[84,129435,232],{"class":102},[84,129437,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,129439,116],{"class":98},[84,129441,103],{"class":102},[84,129443,41651],{"class":98},[84,129445,103],{"class":102},[84,129447,34586],{"class":121},[84,129449,232],{"class":102},[84,129451,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,129453,116],{"class":98},[84,129455,103],{"class":102},[84,129457,34586],{"class":121},[84,129459,425],{"class":102},[84,129461,8517],{"class":121},[84,129463,8514],{"class":102},[84,129465,128077],{"class":121},[84,129467,103],{"class":102},[84,129469,394],{"class":387},[84,129471,38261],{"class":391},[84,129473,394],{"class":387},[84,129475,232],{"class":102},[84,129477,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,129479,116],{"class":98},[84,129481,103],{"class":102},[84,129483,602],{"class":98},[84,129485,103],{"class":102},[84,129487,34586],{"class":121},[84,129489,232],{"class":102},[84,129491,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,129493,116],{"class":98},[84,129495,103],{"class":102},[84,129497,34586],{"class":121},[84,129499,425],{"class":102},[84,129501,128077],{"class":121},[84,129503,103],{"class":102},[84,129505,394],{"class":387},[84,129507,38261],{"class":391},[84,129509,394],{"class":387},[84,129511,282],{"class":102},[84,129513,35928],{"class":121},[84,129515,282],{"class":102},[84,129517,64904],{"class":121},[84,129519,232],{"class":102},[24,129521,129522],{},"These help you check:",[33,129524,129525,129530,129535,129540,129543],{},[36,129526,129527,129528],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129529,124047],{},[36,129531,129532,129533],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129534,122266],{},[36,129536,129537,129538],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129539,123782],{},[36,129541,129542],{},"The string length",[36,129544,129545,129546,28,129548,129550],{},"Whether your ",[15,129547,35949],{},[15,129549,52529],{}," values are correct",[70,129552,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,129554,129556,129557,129559],{"id":129555},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129558,124047],{}," return if the text is not found?",[24,129561,5022,129562,425],{},[15,129563,65718],{},[1667,129565,12586,129567,129569],{"id":129566},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129568,124047],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[24,129571,129572],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1667,129574,129576,129577,124388],{"id":129575},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129578,124047],{},[24,129580,129581],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1667,129583,5053,129585,28,129587,69518],{"id":129584},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129586,124047],{},[15,129588,58836],{},[24,129590,129591,2279,129593,129595,129596,52364,129598,425],{},[15,129592,124047],{},[15,129594,65718],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129597,58836],{},[15,129599,40575],{},[1667,129601,28205,129603,129605],{"id":129602},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129604,124047],{}," to search only part of a string?",[24,129607,129608,129609,28,129611,66017],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129610,35949],{},[15,129612,52529],{},[70,129614,1777],{"id":1776},[33,129616,129617,129623,129629,129636,129642,129649,129653,129658],{},[36,129618,129619],{},[419,129620,126052,129621,10620],{"href":124072},[15,129622,58836],{},[36,129624,129625],{},[419,129626,126052,129627,10620],{"href":128739},[15,129628,60397],{},[36,129630,129631],{},[419,129632,126052,129634,10620],{"href":129633},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129635,124223],{},[36,129637,129638],{},[419,129639,126052,129640,10620],{"href":127417},[15,129641,127420],{},[36,129643,129644],{},[419,129645,126052,129647,10620],{"href":129646},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129648,126110],{},[36,129650,129651],{},[419,129652,124451],{"href":123307},[36,129654,129655],{},[419,129656,129657],{"href":128735},"How to split a string in Python",[36,129659,129660],{},[419,129661,1810,129662],{"href":73345},[15,129663,129023],{},[1814,129665,129666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":129668},[129669,129671,129674,129675,129676,129677,129679,129680,129681,129693],{"id":128153,"depth":113,"text":129670},"What find() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":129672},[129673],{"id":17276,"depth":132,"text":17277},{"id":37889,"depth":113,"text":37890},{"id":65270,"depth":113,"text":66053},{"id":123698,"depth":113,"text":123699},{"id":128880,"depth":113,"text":129678},"find() vs index()",{"id":40916,"depth":113,"text":40917},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":129682},[129683,129685,129687,129689,129691],{"id":129555,"depth":132,"text":129684},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129566,"depth":132,"text":129686},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129575,"depth":132,"text":129688},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129584,"depth":132,"text":129690},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129602,"depth":132,"text":129692},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128025,"description":129694},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129701,"title":129702,"body":129703,"description":131629,"extension":1845,"meta":131630,"navigation":237,"path":131631,"seo":131632,"stem":131633,"__hash__":131634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129704,"toc":131597},[129705,129710,129715,129718,129720,129796,129800,129828,129836,129840,129845,129849,129866,129868,129935,129939,129961,129969,129971,129974,129998,130001,130015,130017,130102,130106,130118,130121,130125,130131,130181,130185,130202,130211,130214,130222,130225,130274,130278,130303,130306,130361,130365,130377,130383,130387,130393,130398,130465,130469,130495,130498,130509,130511,130578,130582,130607,130614,130618,130623,130630,130638,130640,130692,130696,130714,130716,130761,130765,130780,130783,130793,130800,130802,130806,130809,130820,130822,130882,130886,130914,130917,130923,130928,130931,130935,130979,130982,131020,131023,131031,131033,131038,131042,131045,131093,131096,131099,131155,131159,131164,131167,131216,131218,131267,131273,131278,131280,131327,131331,131344,131346,131397,131403,131406,131410,131413,131419,131424,131426,131429,131501,131504,131521,131523,131528,131531,131535,131541,131547,131554,131560,131566,131568,131594],[10,129706,123052,129708,11201],{"id":129707},"python-string-format-method",[15,129709,126055],{},[24,129711,123057,129712,129714],{},[15,129713,126055],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[24,129716,129717],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[70,129719,1887],{"id":1886},[75,129721,129723],{"className":77,"code":129722,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129724,129725,129737,129745,129749,129786],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129726,129727,129729,129731,129733,129735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129728,7754],{"class":90},[84,129730,95],{"class":94},[84,129732,3230],{"class":387},[84,129734,11389],{"class":391},[84,129736,3236],{"class":387},[84,129738,129739,129741,129743],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,129740,21511],{"class":90},[84,129742,95],{"class":94},[84,129744,88661],{"class":106},[84,129746,129747],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,129748,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,129750,129751,129753,129755,129757,129760,129762,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,129752,89869],{"class":90},[84,129754,95],{"class":94},[84,129756,3230],{"class":387},[84,129758,129759],{"class":391},"My name is ",[84,129761,3667],{"class":106},[84,129763,129764],{"class":391}," and I am ",[84,129766,3667],{"class":106},[84,129768,122048],{"class":391},[84,129770,854],{"class":387},[84,129772,425],{"class":102},[84,129774,129775],{"class":121},"format",[84,129777,103],{"class":102},[84,129779,7544],{"class":121},[84,129781,282],{"class":102},[84,129783,9067],{"class":121},[84,129785,110],{"class":102},[84,129787,129788,129790,129792,129794],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,129789,116],{"class":98},[84,129791,103],{"class":102},[84,129793,89886],{"class":121},[84,129795,110],{"class":102},[24,129797,129798],{},[42,129799,265],{},[75,129801,129803],{"className":77,"code":129802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129804,129805],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129806,129807,129810,129812,129815,129818,129821,129824,129826],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129808,129809],{"class":90},"My name ",[84,129811,12075],{"class":94},[84,129813,129814],{"class":90}," Maya ",[84,129816,129817],{"class":94},"and",[84,129819,129820],{"class":90}," I am ",[84,129822,129823],{"class":106},"12",[84,129825,122081],{"class":90},[84,129827,122084],{"class":102},[24,129829,153,129830,129832,129833,129835],{},[15,129831,3667],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129834,126055],{}," in the same order.",[24,129837,124804,129838,425],{},[419,129839,124807],{"href":50844},[70,129841,12879,129843,12882],{"id":129842},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129844,126055],{},[24,129846,1862,129847,11292],{},[15,129848,126055],{},[33,129850,129851,129854,129860,129863],{},[36,129852,129853],{},"inserts values into a string",[36,129855,129856,129857,129859],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129858,3667],{}," with given values",[36,129861,129862],{},"returns a new string",[36,129864,129865],{},"does not change the original string",[24,129867,190],{},[75,129869,129871],{"className":77,"code":129870,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129872,129873,129887,129910,129914,129925],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129874,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883,129885],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129876,34565],{"class":90},[84,129878,95],{"class":94},[84,129880,3230],{"class":387},[84,129882,44774],{"class":391},[84,129884,3667],{"class":106},[84,129886,3236],{"class":387},[84,129888,129889,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,129890,129891],{"class":90},"new_text ",[84,129893,95],{"class":94},[84,129895,42713],{"class":90},[84,129897,425],{"class":102},[84,129899,129775],{"class":121},[84,129901,103],{"class":102},[84,129903,854],{"class":387},[84,129905,7553],{"class":391},[84,129907,854],{"class":387},[84,129909,110],{"class":102},[84,129911,129912],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,129913,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,129915,129916,129918,129920,129923],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,129917,116],{"class":98},[84,129919,103],{"class":102},[84,129921,129922],{"class":121},"new_text",[84,129924,110],{"class":102},[84,129926,129927,129929,129931,129933],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,129928,116],{"class":98},[84,129930,103],{"class":102},[84,129932,34586],{"class":121},[84,129934,110],{"class":102},[24,129936,129937],{},[42,129938,265],{},[75,129940,129942],{"className":77,"code":129941,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129943,129944,129953],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129945,129946,129948,129950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129947,34744],{"class":90},[84,129949,282],{"class":102},[84,129951,129952],{"class":90}," Sam\n",[84,129954,129955,129957,129959],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,129956,34744],{"class":90},[84,129958,282],{"class":102},[84,129960,9718],{"class":102},[24,129962,2167,129963,129965,129966,129968],{},[15,129964,34586],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129967,126055],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[70,129970,2038],{"id":2037},[24,129972,129973],{},"The general form is:",[75,129975,129977],{"className":77,"code":129976,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129978,129979],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129980,129981,129983,129986,129988,129990,129992,129994,129996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129982,854],{"class":43200},[84,129984,129985],{"class":43204},"text {}",[84,129987,854],{"class":43200},[84,129989,425],{"class":102},[84,129991,129775],{"class":121},[84,129993,103],{"class":102},[84,129995,2354],{"class":121},[84,129997,110],{"class":102},[24,129999,130000],{},"Key idea:",[33,130002,130003,130009,130012],{},[36,130004,130005,130006,130008],{},"each ",[15,130007,3667],{}," is a placeholder",[36,130010,130011],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[36,130013,130014],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[24,130016,190],{},[75,130018,130020],{"className":77,"code":130019,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130021,130022,130035,130049,130053,130091],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130023,130024,130027,130029,130031,130033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130025,130026],{"class":90},"animal ",[84,130028,95],{"class":94},[84,130030,3230],{"class":387},[84,130032,36919],{"class":391},[84,130034,3236],{"class":387},[84,130036,130037,130040,130042,130044,130047],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130038,130039],{"class":90},"sound ",[84,130041,95],{"class":94},[84,130043,3230],{"class":387},[84,130045,130046],{"class":391},"meow",[84,130048,3236],{"class":387},[84,130050,130051],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,130052,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,130054,130055,130058,130060,130062,130064,130066,130069,130071,130073,130075,130077,130079,130081,130084,130086,130089],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,130056,130057],{"class":90},"sentence ",[84,130059,95],{"class":94},[84,130061,3230],{"class":387},[84,130063,1862],{"class":391},[84,130065,3667],{"class":106},[84,130067,130068],{"class":391}," says ",[84,130070,3667],{"class":106},[84,130072,425],{"class":391},[84,130074,854],{"class":387},[84,130076,425],{"class":102},[84,130078,129775],{"class":121},[84,130080,103],{"class":102},[84,130082,130083],{"class":121},"animal",[84,130085,282],{"class":102},[84,130087,130088],{"class":121}," sound",[84,130090,110],{"class":102},[84,130092,130093,130095,130097,130100],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,130094,116],{"class":98},[84,130096,103],{"class":102},[84,130098,130099],{"class":121},"sentence",[84,130101,110],{"class":102},[24,130103,130104],{},[42,130105,265],{},[75,130107,130109],{"className":77,"code":130108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130110,130111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130112,130113,130116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130114,130115],{"class":90},"The cat says meow",[84,130117,122084],{"class":102},[24,130119,130120],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[70,130122,130124],{"id":130123},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[24,130126,130127,130128,130130],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130129,3667],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[75,130132,130134],{"className":77,"code":130133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130135,130136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130137,130138,130140,130142,130144,130147,130149,130151,130153,130155,130157,130159,130161,130163,130165,130168,130170,130172,130174,130177,130179],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130139,116],{"class":98},[84,130141,103],{"class":102},[84,130143,854],{"class":387},[84,130145,130146],{"class":391},"I like ",[84,130148,3667],{"class":106},[84,130150,28],{"class":391},[84,130152,3667],{"class":106},[84,130154,425],{"class":391},[84,130156,854],{"class":387},[84,130158,425],{"class":102},[84,130160,129775],{"class":121},[84,130162,103],{"class":102},[84,130164,854],{"class":387},[84,130166,130167],{"class":391},"pizza",[84,130169,854],{"class":387},[84,130171,282],{"class":102},[84,130173,3230],{"class":387},[84,130175,130176],{"class":391},"pasta",[84,130178,854],{"class":387},[84,130180,232],{"class":102},[24,130182,130183],{},[42,130184,265],{},[75,130186,130188],{"className":77,"code":130187,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130189,130190],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130191,130192,130195,130197,130200],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130193,130194],{"class":90},"I like pizza ",[84,130196,129817],{"class":94},[84,130198,130199],{"class":90}," pasta",[84,130201,122084],{"class":102},[24,130203,130204,130205,28,130208,425],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130206,130207],{},"{0}",[15,130209,130210],{},"{1}",[24,130212,130213],{},"This is helpful when:",[33,130215,130216,130219],{},[36,130217,130218],{},"you want to reuse a value",[36,130220,130221],{},"you want to change the order",[24,130223,130224],{},"Example with reused values:",[75,130226,130228],{"className":77,"code":130227,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130229,130230,130264],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130231,130232,130234,130236,130238,130240,130243,130245,130248,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258,130260,130262],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130233,34565],{"class":90},[84,130235,95],{"class":94},[84,130237,3230],{"class":387},[84,130239,130207],{"class":106},[84,130241,130242],{"class":391}," is learning Python. ",[84,130244,130207],{"class":106},[84,130246,130247],{"class":391}," likes coding.",[84,130249,854],{"class":387},[84,130251,425],{"class":102},[84,130253,129775],{"class":121},[84,130255,103],{"class":102},[84,130257,854],{"class":387},[84,130259,19766],{"class":391},[84,130261,854],{"class":387},[84,130263,110],{"class":102},[84,130265,130266,130268,130270,130272],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130267,116],{"class":98},[84,130269,103],{"class":102},[84,130271,34586],{"class":121},[84,130273,110],{"class":102},[24,130275,130276],{},[42,130277,265],{},[75,130279,130281],{"className":77,"code":130280,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130282,130283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130284,130285,130288,130290,130293,130295,130298,130301],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130286,130287],{"class":90},"Lina ",[84,130289,12075],{"class":94},[84,130291,130292],{"class":90}," learning Python",[84,130294,425],{"class":102},[84,130296,130297],{"class":24629}," Lina",[84,130299,130300],{"class":90}," likes coding",[84,130302,122084],{"class":102},[24,130304,130305],{},"Example with changed order:",[75,130307,130309],{"className":77,"code":130308,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130310,130311,130351],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130312,130313,130315,130317,130319,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130314,34565],{"class":90},[84,130316,95],{"class":94},[84,130318,3230],{"class":387},[84,130320,130210],{"class":106},[84,130322,83188],{"class":391},[84,130324,130207],{"class":106},[84,130326,425],{"class":391},[84,130328,854],{"class":387},[84,130330,425],{"class":102},[84,130332,129775],{"class":121},[84,130334,103],{"class":102},[84,130336,854],{"class":387},[84,130338,6459],{"class":391},[84,130340,854],{"class":387},[84,130342,282],{"class":102},[84,130344,3230],{"class":387},[84,130346,79134],{"class":391},[84,130348,854],{"class":387},[84,130350,110],{"class":102},[84,130352,130353,130355,130357,130359],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130354,116],{"class":98},[84,130356,103],{"class":102},[84,130358,34586],{"class":121},[84,130360,110],{"class":102},[24,130362,130363],{},[42,130364,265],{},[75,130366,130368],{"className":77,"code":130367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130369,130370],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130371,130372,130375],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130373,130374],{"class":90},"two comes after one",[84,130376,122084],{"class":102},[24,130378,130379,130380,130382],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130381,3667],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[70,130384,130386],{"id":130385},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[24,130388,130389,130390,425],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130391,130392],{},"{name}",[24,130394,130395,130396,881],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130397,126055],{},[75,130399,130401],{"className":77,"code":130400,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130402,130403,130455],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130404,130405,130407,130409,130411,130413,130415,130418,130421,130423,130425,130427,130429,130431,130433,130435,130437,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130406,34565],{"class":90},[84,130408,95],{"class":94},[84,130410,3230],{"class":387},[84,130412,129759],{"class":391},[84,130414,130392],{"class":106},[84,130416,130417],{"class":391}," and I live in ",[84,130419,130420],{"class":106},"{city}",[84,130422,425],{"class":391},[84,130424,854],{"class":387},[84,130426,425],{"class":102},[84,130428,129775],{"class":121},[84,130430,103],{"class":102},[84,130432,7544],{"class":9054},[84,130434,95],{"class":94},[84,130436,854],{"class":387},[84,130438,12763],{"class":391},[84,130440,854],{"class":387},[84,130442,282],{"class":102},[84,130444,31261],{"class":9054},[84,130446,95],{"class":94},[84,130448,854],{"class":387},[84,130450,15913],{"class":391},[84,130452,854],{"class":387},[84,130454,110],{"class":102},[84,130456,130457,130459,130461,130463],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130458,116],{"class":98},[84,130460,103],{"class":102},[84,130462,34586],{"class":121},[84,130464,110],{"class":102},[24,130466,130467],{},[42,130468,265],{},[75,130470,130472],{"className":77,"code":130471,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130473,130474],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130475,130476,130478,130480,130483,130485,130488,130490,130493],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130477,129809],{"class":90},[84,130479,12075],{"class":94},[84,130481,130482],{"class":90}," Ana ",[84,130484,129817],{"class":94},[84,130486,130487],{"class":90}," I live ",[84,130489,476],{"class":94},[84,130491,130492],{"class":90}," Lima",[84,130494,122084],{"class":102},[24,130496,130497],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[33,130499,130500,130503,130506],{},[36,130501,130502],{},"they make code easier to read",[36,130504,130505],{},"they help when a string has many values",[36,130507,130508],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[24,130510,190],{},[75,130512,130514],{"className":77,"code":130513,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130515,130516,130568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130517,130518,130521,130523,130525,130528,130531,130534,130537,130539,130541,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551,130554,130556,130558,130561,130563,130566],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130519,130520],{"class":90},"report ",[84,130522,95],{"class":94},[84,130524,3230],{"class":387},[84,130526,130527],{"class":391},"Student: ",[84,130529,130530],{"class":106},"{student}",[84,130532,130533],{"class":391},", Score: ",[84,130535,130536],{"class":106},"{score}",[84,130538,854],{"class":387},[84,130540,425],{"class":102},[84,130542,129775],{"class":121},[84,130544,103],{"class":102},[84,130546,13509],{"class":9054},[84,130548,95],{"class":94},[84,130550,854],{"class":387},[84,130552,130553],{"class":391},"Noah",[84,130555,854],{"class":387},[84,130557,282],{"class":102},[84,130559,130560],{"class":9054}," score",[84,130562,95],{"class":94},[84,130564,130565],{"class":106},"95",[84,130567,110],{"class":102},[84,130569,130570,130572,130574,130576],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130571,116],{"class":98},[84,130573,103],{"class":102},[84,130575,127765],{"class":121},[84,130577,110],{"class":102},[24,130579,130580],{},[42,130581,265],{},[75,130583,130585],{"className":77,"code":130584,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130586,130587],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130588,130589,130592,130594,130597,130599,130602,130604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130590,130591],{"class":90},"Student",[84,130593,881],{"class":102},[84,130595,130596],{"class":90}," Noah",[84,130598,282],{"class":102},[84,130600,130601],{"class":90}," Score",[84,130603,881],{"class":102},[84,130605,130606],{"class":106}," 95\n",[24,130608,130609,130610,425],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[419,130611,13,130612,424],{"href":42047},[15,130613,47552],{},[70,130615,130617],{"id":130616},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[24,130619,130620,130622],{},[15,130621,126055],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[24,130624,130625,130626,130629],{},"A common example is ",[15,130627,130628],{},":.2f",", which means:",[33,130631,130632,130635],{},[36,130633,130634],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[36,130636,130637],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[24,130639,190],{},[75,130641,130643],{"className":77,"code":130642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130644,130645,130653,130682],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130646,130647,130649,130651],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130648,40258],{"class":90},[84,130650,95],{"class":94},[84,130652,49144],{"class":106},[84,130654,130655,130657,130659,130661,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130680],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130656,34565],{"class":90},[84,130658,95],{"class":94},[84,130660,3230],{"class":387},[84,130662,130663],{"class":391},"Price: $",[84,130665,9157],{"class":106},[84,130667,130628],{"class":383},[84,130669,22184],{"class":106},[84,130671,854],{"class":387},[84,130673,425],{"class":102},[84,130675,129775],{"class":121},[84,130677,103],{"class":102},[84,130679,25028],{"class":121},[84,130681,110],{"class":102},[84,130683,130684,130686,130688,130690],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,130685,116],{"class":98},[84,130687,103],{"class":102},[84,130689,34586],{"class":121},[84,130691,110],{"class":102},[24,130693,130694],{},[42,130695,265],{},[75,130697,130699],{"className":77,"code":130698,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130700,130701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130702,130703,130706,130708,130711],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130704,130705],{"class":90},"Price",[84,130707,881],{"class":102},[84,130709,130710],{"class":37239}," $",[84,130712,130713],{"class":106},"3.50\n",[24,130715,51949],{},[75,130717,130719],{"className":77,"code":130718,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130720,130721,130731],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130722,130723,130726,130728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130724,130725],{"class":90},"average ",[84,130727,95],{"class":94},[84,130729,130730],{"class":106}," 91.236\n",[84,130732,130733,130735,130737,130739,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130759],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130734,116],{"class":98},[84,130736,103],{"class":102},[84,130738,854],{"class":387},[84,130740,130741],{"class":391},"Average: ",[84,130743,9157],{"class":106},[84,130745,130628],{"class":383},[84,130747,22184],{"class":106},[84,130749,854],{"class":387},[84,130751,425],{"class":102},[84,130753,129775],{"class":121},[84,130755,103],{"class":102},[84,130757,130758],{"class":121},"average",[84,130760,232],{"class":102},[24,130762,130763],{},[42,130764,265],{},[75,130766,130768],{"className":77,"code":130767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130769,130770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130771,130772,130775,130777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130773,130774],{"class":90},"Average",[84,130776,881],{"class":102},[84,130778,130779],{"class":106}," 91.24\n",[24,130781,130782],{},"This is useful for:",[33,130784,130785,130787,130790],{},[36,130786,82946],{},[36,130788,130789],{},"averages",[36,130791,130792],{},"percentages",[24,130794,130795,130796,425],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[419,130797,13,130798,2184],{"href":46320},[15,130799,46323],{},[70,130801,17301],{"id":17300},[24,130803,130804,92379],{},[15,130805,126055],{},[24,130807,130808],{},"That means you can:",[33,130810,130811,130814,130817],{},[36,130812,130813],{},"save it in a variable",[36,130815,130816],{},"print it directly",[36,130818,130819],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[24,130821,190],{},[75,130823,130825],{"className":77,"code":130824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130826,130827,130858,130868],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130828,130829,130831,130833,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851,130854,130856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130830,89869],{"class":90},[84,130832,95],{"class":94},[84,130834,3230],{"class":387},[84,130836,44774],{"class":391},[84,130838,3667],{"class":106},[84,130840,89710],{"class":391},[84,130842,854],{"class":387},[84,130844,425],{"class":102},[84,130846,129775],{"class":121},[84,130848,103],{"class":102},[84,130850,854],{"class":387},[84,130852,130853],{"class":391},"Chris",[84,130855,854],{"class":387},[84,130857,110],{"class":102},[84,130859,130860,130862,130864,130866],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130861,116],{"class":98},[84,130863,103],{"class":102},[84,130865,89886],{"class":121},[84,130867,110],{"class":102},[84,130869,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,130871,116],{"class":98},[84,130873,103],{"class":102},[84,130875,334],{"class":139},[84,130877,103],{"class":102},[84,130879,89886],{"class":121},[84,130881,232],{"class":102},[24,130883,130884],{},[42,130885,265],{},[75,130887,130889],{"className":77,"code":130888,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130890,130891,130900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130892,130893,130895,130897],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130894,34744],{"class":90},[84,130896,282],{"class":102},[84,130898,130899],{"class":90}," Chris!\n",[84,130901,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910,130912],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130903,380],{"class":94},[84,130905,384],{"class":383},[84,130907,388],{"class":387},[84,130909,3321],{"class":391},[84,130911,394],{"class":387},[84,130913,397],{"class":94},[24,130915,130916],{},"The original string is not changed.",[70,130918,130920,130922],{"id":130919},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130921,126055],{}," vs f-strings",[24,130924,130925,130927],{},[15,130926,126055],{}," is a string method.",[24,130929,130930],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[24,130932,45912,130933,881],{},[15,130934,126055],{},[75,130936,130938],{"className":77,"code":130937,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130939,130940,130953],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130941,130942,130944,130946,130948,130951],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130943,7754],{"class":90},[84,130945,95],{"class":94},[84,130947,3230],{"class":387},[84,130949,130950],{"class":391},"Rita",[84,130952,3236],{"class":387},[84,130954,130955,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965,130967,130969,130971,130973,130975,130977],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,130956,116],{"class":98},[84,130958,103],{"class":102},[84,130960,854],{"class":387},[84,130962,44774],{"class":391},[84,130964,3667],{"class":106},[84,130966,89710],{"class":391},[84,130968,854],{"class":387},[84,130970,425],{"class":102},[84,130972,129775],{"class":121},[84,130974,103],{"class":102},[84,130976,7544],{"class":121},[84,130978,232],{"class":102},[24,130980,130981],{},"Example with an f-string:",[75,130983,130985],{"className":77,"code":130984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130986,130987,130999],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130988,130989,130991,130993,130995,130997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130990,7754],{"class":90},[84,130992,95],{"class":94},[84,130994,3230],{"class":387},[84,130996,130950],{"class":391},[84,130998,3236],{"class":387},[84,131000,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131018],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131002,116],{"class":98},[84,131004,103],{"class":102},[84,131006,22175],{"class":383},[84,131008,43218],{"class":391},[84,131010,9157],{"class":106},[84,131012,7544],{"class":121},[84,131014,22184],{"class":106},[84,131016,131017],{"class":391},"!\"",[84,131019,110],{"class":102},[24,131021,131022],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[24,131024,131025,131026,131028,131029,425],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131027,126055],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[419,131030,89555],{"href":89554},[70,131032,1434],{"id":1433},[24,131034,131035,131036,425],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131037,126055],{},[1667,131039,131041],{"id":131040},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[24,131043,131044],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[75,131046,131048],{"className":77,"code":131047,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131049,131050,131083],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131051,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131053,34565],{"class":90},[84,131055,95],{"class":94},[84,131057,3230],{"class":387},[84,131059,44774],{"class":391},[84,131061,3667],{"class":106},[84,131063,131064],{"class":106}," {}",[84,131066,89710],{"class":391},[84,131068,854],{"class":387},[84,131070,425],{"class":102},[84,131072,129775],{"class":121},[84,131074,103],{"class":102},[84,131076,854],{"class":387},[84,131078,7553],{"class":391},[84,131080,854],{"class":387},[84,131082,110],{"class":102},[84,131084,131085,131087,131089,131091],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131086,116],{"class":98},[84,131088,103],{"class":102},[84,131090,34586],{"class":121},[84,131092,110],{"class":102},[24,131094,131095],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[24,131097,131098],{},"Fixed version:",[75,131100,131102],{"className":77,"code":131101,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131103,131104,131145],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131105,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131141,131143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131107,34565],{"class":90},[84,131109,95],{"class":94},[84,131111,3230],{"class":387},[84,131113,44774],{"class":391},[84,131115,3667],{"class":106},[84,131117,131064],{"class":106},[84,131119,89710],{"class":391},[84,131121,854],{"class":387},[84,131123,425],{"class":102},[84,131125,129775],{"class":121},[84,131127,103],{"class":102},[84,131129,854],{"class":387},[84,131131,7553],{"class":391},[84,131133,854],{"class":387},[84,131135,282],{"class":102},[84,131137,3230],{"class":387},[84,131139,131140],{"class":391},"Lee",[84,131142,854],{"class":387},[84,131144,110],{"class":102},[84,131146,131147,131149,131151,131153],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131148,116],{"class":98},[84,131150,103],{"class":102},[84,131152,34586],{"class":121},[84,131154,110],{"class":102},[1667,131156,131158],{"id":131157},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[24,131160,131161,131162,425],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131163,126055],{},[24,131165,131166],{},"Problem:",[75,131168,131170],{"className":77,"code":131169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131171,131172,131206],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131173,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131175,34565],{"class":90},[84,131177,95],{"class":94},[84,131179,3230],{"class":387},[84,131181,44774],{"class":391},[84,131183,130392],{"class":106},[84,131185,89710],{"class":391},[84,131187,854],{"class":387},[84,131189,425],{"class":102},[84,131191,129775],{"class":121},[84,131193,103],{"class":102},[84,131195,7863],{"class":9054},[84,131197,95],{"class":94},[84,131199,854],{"class":387},[84,131201,7553],{"class":391},[84,131203,854],{"class":387},[84,131205,110],{"class":102},[84,131207,131208,131210,131212,131214],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131209,116],{"class":98},[84,131211,103],{"class":102},[84,131213,34586],{"class":121},[84,131215,110],{"class":102},[24,131217,131098],{},[75,131219,131221],{"className":77,"code":131220,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131222,131223,131257],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131224,131225,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131226,34565],{"class":90},[84,131228,95],{"class":94},[84,131230,3230],{"class":387},[84,131232,44774],{"class":391},[84,131234,130392],{"class":106},[84,131236,89710],{"class":391},[84,131238,854],{"class":387},[84,131240,425],{"class":102},[84,131242,129775],{"class":121},[84,131244,103],{"class":102},[84,131246,7544],{"class":9054},[84,131248,95],{"class":94},[84,131250,854],{"class":387},[84,131252,7553],{"class":391},[84,131254,854],{"class":387},[84,131256,110],{"class":102},[84,131258,131259,131261,131263,131265],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131260,116],{"class":98},[84,131262,103],{"class":102},[84,131264,34586],{"class":121},[84,131266,110],{"class":102},[1667,131268,8329,131270,131272],{"id":131269},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131271,126055],{}," to change the original string",[24,131274,131275,131277],{},[15,131276,126055],{}," does not modify the original string.",[24,131279,131166],{},[75,131281,131283],{"className":77,"code":131282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131284,131285,131299,131317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131286,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131288,34565],{"class":90},[84,131290,95],{"class":94},[84,131292,3230],{"class":387},[84,131294,44774],{"class":391},[84,131296,3667],{"class":106},[84,131298,3236],{"class":387},[84,131300,131301,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131302,34586],{"class":90},[84,131304,425],{"class":102},[84,131306,129775],{"class":121},[84,131308,103],{"class":102},[84,131310,854],{"class":387},[84,131312,7553],{"class":391},[84,131314,854],{"class":387},[84,131316,110],{"class":102},[84,131318,131319,131321,131323,131325],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,131320,116],{"class":98},[84,131322,103],{"class":102},[84,131324,34586],{"class":121},[84,131326,110],{"class":102},[24,131328,131329],{},[42,131330,265],{},[75,131332,131334],{"className":77,"code":131333,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131335,131336],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131337,131338,131340,131342],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131339,34744],{"class":90},[84,131341,282],{"class":102},[84,131343,9718],{"class":102},[24,131345,131098],{},[75,131347,131349],{"className":77,"code":131348,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131350,131351,131365,131387],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131352,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131354,34565],{"class":90},[84,131356,95],{"class":94},[84,131358,3230],{"class":387},[84,131360,44774],{"class":391},[84,131362,3667],{"class":106},[84,131364,3236],{"class":387},[84,131366,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131368,34565],{"class":90},[84,131370,95],{"class":94},[84,131372,42713],{"class":90},[84,131374,425],{"class":102},[84,131376,129775],{"class":121},[84,131378,103],{"class":102},[84,131380,854],{"class":387},[84,131382,7553],{"class":391},[84,131384,854],{"class":387},[84,131386,110],{"class":102},[84,131388,131389,131391,131393,131395],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,131390,116],{"class":98},[84,131392,103],{"class":102},[84,131394,34586],{"class":121},[84,131396,110],{"class":102},[1667,131398,4577,131400,131402],{"id":131399},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131401,126055],{}," returns a new string",[24,131404,131405],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1667,131407,131409],{"id":131408},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[24,131411,131412],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[24,131414,131415,131416,131418],{},"Use simple ",[15,131417,3667],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[24,131420,131421,131422,425],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[419,131423,90268],{"href":90267},[70,131425,67759],{"id":67758},[24,131427,131428],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[75,131430,131432],{"className":77,"code":131431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131433,131434,131444,131458,131487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131435,131436,131438,131440,131442],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131437,116],{"class":98},[84,131439,103],{"class":102},[84,131441,34586],{"class":121},[84,131443,110],{"class":102},[84,131445,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131447,116],{"class":98},[84,131449,103],{"class":102},[84,131451,334],{"class":139},[84,131453,103],{"class":102},[84,131455,2354],{"class":121},[84,131457,232],{"class":102},[84,131459,131460,131462,131464,131466,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,131461,116],{"class":98},[84,131463,103],{"class":102},[84,131465,854],{"class":387},[84,131467,131468],{"class":391},"Hello ",[84,131470,3667],{"class":106},[84,131472,854],{"class":387},[84,131474,425],{"class":102},[84,131476,129775],{"class":121},[84,131478,103],{"class":102},[84,131480,854],{"class":387},[84,131482,7553],{"class":391},[84,131484,854],{"class":387},[84,131486,232],{"class":102},[84,131488,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,131490,32029],{"class":98},[84,131492,103],{"class":102},[84,131494,3321],{"class":139},[84,131496,425],{"class":102},[84,131498,129775],{"class":24629},[84,131500,110],{"class":102},[24,131502,131503],{},"Use them to check:",[33,131505,131506,131509,131512,131515],{},[36,131507,131508],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[36,131510,131511],{},"what type your value has",[36,131513,131514],{},"whether a small test example works",[36,131516,131517,131518],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131519,131520],{},"str.format",[70,131522,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,131524,129556,131526,12598],{"id":131525},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131527,126055],{},[24,131529,131530],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1667,131532,131534],{"id":131533},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[24,131536,131537,131538,131540],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131539,3667],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1667,131542,131544,131545,1689],{"id":131543},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131546,126055],{},[24,131548,131549,131550,131553],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131551,131552],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1667,131555,1670,131557,131559],{"id":131556},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131558,126055],{}," better than f-strings?",[24,131561,131562,131563,131565],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131564,126055],{}," is still useful and common.",[70,131567,1777],{"id":1776},[33,131569,131570,131574,131578,131584,131590],{},[36,131571,131572],{},[419,131573,124807],{"href":50844},[36,131575,131576],{},[419,131577,90545],{"href":89554},[36,131579,131580],{},[419,131581,13,131582,424],{"href":46320},[15,131583,46323],{},[36,131585,131586],{},[419,131587,13,131588,424],{"href":42047},[15,131589,47552],{},[36,131591,131592],{},[419,131593,90268],{"href":90267},[1814,131595,131596],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":131598},[131599,131600,131602,131603,131604,131605,131606,131607,131609,131618,131619,131628],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":129842,"depth":113,"text":131601},"What the format() method does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":130123,"depth":113,"text":130124},{"id":130385,"depth":113,"text":130386},{"id":130616,"depth":113,"text":130617},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":130919,"depth":113,"text":131608},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":131610},[131611,131612,131613,131615,131617],{"id":131040,"depth":132,"text":131041},{"id":131157,"depth":132,"text":131158},{"id":131269,"depth":132,"text":131614},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131399,"depth":132,"text":131616},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131408,"depth":132,"text":131409},{"id":67758,"depth":113,"text":67759},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":131620},[131621,131623,131624,131626],{"id":131525,"depth":132,"text":131622},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131533,"depth":132,"text":131534},{"id":131543,"depth":132,"text":131625},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131556,"depth":132,"text":131627},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129702,"description":131629},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131636,"title":131637,"body":131638,"description":133118,"extension":1845,"meta":133119,"navigation":237,"path":133120,"seo":133121,"stem":133122,"__hash__":133123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131639,"toc":133090},[131640,131645,131650,131655,131657,131719,131726,131732,131737,131739,131755,131757,131828,131830,131844,131847,131897,131899,131901,131928,131931,131946,131949,131990,131993,132038,132045,132094,132096,132104,132106,132124,132126,132219,132227,132268,132273,132280,132286,132293,132296,132300,132401,132403,132425,132429,132482,132485,132488,132494,132501,132503,132542,132544,132562,132572,132579,132662,132665,132672,132679,132686,132690,132698,132744,132748,132757,132822,132827,132832,132843,132845,132850,132877,132879,132982,132985,133005,133007,133012,133015,133019,133023,133030,133039,133045,133048,133054,133056,133058,133087],[10,131641,123052,131643,11201],{"id":131642},"python-string-index-method",[15,131644,58836],{},[24,131646,123057,131647,131649],{},[15,131648,58836],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[24,131651,131652,131653,425],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131654,40575],{},[70,131656,1887],{"id":1886},[75,131658,131660],{"className":77,"code":131659,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131661,131662,131674,131696,131706,131710,131714],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131663,131664,131666,131668,131670,131672],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131665,34565],{"class":90},[84,131667,95],{"class":94},[84,131669,3230],{"class":387},[84,131671,60273],{"class":391},[84,131673,3236],{"class":387},[84,131675,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131677,64783],{"class":90},[84,131679,95],{"class":94},[84,131681,42713],{"class":90},[84,131683,425],{"class":102},[84,131685,35722],{"class":121},[84,131687,103],{"class":102},[84,131689,854],{"class":387},[84,131691,60457],{"class":391},[84,131693,854],{"class":387},[84,131695,110],{"class":102},[84,131697,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,131699,116],{"class":98},[84,131701,103],{"class":102},[84,131703,64810],{"class":121},[84,131705,110],{"class":102},[84,131707,131708],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,131709,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,131711,131712],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,131713,90686],{"class":128},[84,131715,131716],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,131717,131718],{"class":128},"# 6\n",[24,131720,153,131721,131723,131724,425],{},[15,131722,58836],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131725,40575],{},[70,131727,429,131729,3554],{"id":131728},"what-strindex-does",[15,131730,131731],{},"str.index()",[24,131733,131734,131736],{},[15,131735,131731],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[24,131738,12935],{},[33,131740,131741,131744,131747,131750],{},[36,131742,131743],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[36,131745,131746],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[36,131748,131749],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[36,131751,30169,131752,131754],{},[15,131753,40575],{}," if the substring is not found",[24,131756,190],{},[75,131758,131760],{"className":77,"code":131759,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131761,131762,131774,131778,131803],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131763,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131765,34565],{"class":90},[84,131767,95],{"class":94},[84,131769,3230],{"class":387},[84,131771,3961],{"class":391},[84,131773,3236],{"class":387},[84,131775,131776],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131777,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,131779,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796,131798,131800],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,131781,116],{"class":98},[84,131783,103],{"class":102},[84,131785,34586],{"class":121},[84,131787,425],{"class":102},[84,131789,35722],{"class":121},[84,131791,103],{"class":102},[84,131793,854],{"class":387},[84,131795,419],{"class":391},[84,131797,854],{"class":387},[84,131799,147],{"class":102},[84,131801,131802],{"class":128},"     # 1\n",[84,131804,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,131806,116],{"class":98},[84,131808,103],{"class":102},[84,131810,34586],{"class":121},[84,131812,425],{"class":102},[84,131814,35722],{"class":121},[84,131816,103],{"class":102},[84,131818,854],{"class":387},[84,131820,123145],{"class":391},[84,131822,854],{"class":387},[84,131824,147],{"class":102},[84,131826,131827],{"class":128},"    # 2\n",[24,131829,2060],{},[33,131831,131832,131838],{},[36,131833,131834,128265,131836],{},[15,131835,17979],{},[15,131837,838],{},[36,131839,131840,128265,131842],{},[15,131841,128264],{},[15,131843,568],{},[24,131845,131846],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[75,131848,131850],{"className":77,"code":131849,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131851,131852,131864,131868,131892],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131853,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131855,34565],{"class":90},[84,131857,95],{"class":94},[84,131859,3230],{"class":387},[84,131861,34744],{"class":391},[84,131863,3236],{"class":387},[84,131865,131866],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131867,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,131869,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,131871,116],{"class":98},[84,131873,103],{"class":102},[84,131875,34586],{"class":121},[84,131877,425],{"class":102},[84,131879,35722],{"class":121},[84,131881,103],{"class":102},[84,131883,854],{"class":387},[84,131885,51060],{"class":391},[84,131887,854],{"class":387},[84,131889,147],{"class":102},[84,131891,20652],{"class":128},[84,131893,131894],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,131895,131896],{"class":128},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[70,131898,2038],{"id":2037},[24,131900,2041],{},[75,131902,131904],{"className":77,"code":131903,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131905,131906],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131907,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131909,61040],{"class":90},[84,131911,425],{"class":102},[84,131913,35722],{"class":121},[84,131915,103],{"class":102},[84,131917,2354],{"class":121},[84,131919,282],{"class":102},[84,131921,35928],{"class":121},[84,131923,282],{"class":102},[84,131925,64904],{"class":121},[84,131927,110],{"class":102},[24,131929,131930],{},"Parameters:",[33,131932,131933,131937,131941],{},[36,131934,131935,123244],{},[15,131936,2354],{},[36,131938,131939,128311],{},[15,131940,35949],{},[36,131942,131943,131945],{},[15,131944,52529],{},": optional stopping position",[24,131947,131948],{},"You can use just the value:",[75,131950,131952],{"className":77,"code":131951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131953,131954,131966],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131955,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131957,34565],{"class":90},[84,131959,95],{"class":94},[84,131961,3230],{"class":387},[84,131963,79],{"class":391},[84,131965,3236],{"class":387},[84,131967,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,131969,116],{"class":98},[84,131971,103],{"class":102},[84,131973,34586],{"class":121},[84,131975,425],{"class":102},[84,131977,35722],{"class":121},[84,131979,103],{"class":102},[84,131981,854],{"class":387},[84,131983,63152],{"class":391},[84,131985,854],{"class":387},[84,131987,147],{"class":102},[84,131989,51284],{"class":128},[24,131991,131992],{},"Or include a start position:",[75,131994,131996],{"className":77,"code":131995,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131997,131998,132010],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131999,132000,132002,132004,132006,132008],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132001,34565],{"class":90},[84,132003,95],{"class":94},[84,132005,3230],{"class":387},[84,132007,3961],{"class":391},[84,132009,3236],{"class":387},[84,132011,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132013,116],{"class":98},[84,132015,103],{"class":102},[84,132017,34586],{"class":121},[84,132019,425],{"class":102},[84,132021,35722],{"class":121},[84,132023,103],{"class":102},[84,132025,854],{"class":387},[84,132027,419],{"class":391},[84,132029,854],{"class":387},[84,132031,282],{"class":102},[84,132033,304],{"class":106},[84,132035,147],{"class":102},[84,132037,50639],{"class":128},[24,132039,132040,132041,28,132043,881],{},"Or include both ",[15,132042,35949],{},[15,132044,52529],{},[75,132046,132048],{"className":77,"code":132047,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132049,132050,132062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132051,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132053,34565],{"class":90},[84,132055,95],{"class":94},[84,132057,3230],{"class":387},[84,132059,3961],{"class":391},[84,132061,3236],{"class":387},[84,132063,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132065,116],{"class":98},[84,132067,103],{"class":102},[84,132069,34586],{"class":121},[84,132071,425],{"class":102},[84,132073,35722],{"class":121},[84,132075,103],{"class":102},[84,132077,854],{"class":387},[84,132079,419],{"class":391},[84,132081,854],{"class":387},[84,132083,282],{"class":102},[84,132085,304],{"class":106},[84,132087,282],{"class":102},[84,132089,285],{"class":106},[84,132091,147],{"class":102},[84,132093,50639],{"class":128},[70,132095,37890],{"id":37889},[24,132097,28585,132098,132100,132101,425],{},[15,132099,58836],{}," is a ",[42,132102,132103],{},"zero-based index",[24,132105,1074],{},[33,132107,132108,132114,132119],{},[36,132109,132110,132111,132113],{},"Index ",[15,132112,279],{}," is the first character",[36,132115,132110,132116,132118],{},[15,132117,838],{}," is the second character",[36,132120,132110,132121,132123],{},[15,132122,568],{}," is the third character",[24,132125,190],{},[75,132127,132129],{"className":77,"code":132128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132130,132131,132143,132147,132171,132195],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132132,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132134,34565],{"class":90},[84,132136,95],{"class":94},[84,132138,3230],{"class":387},[84,132140,36919],{"class":391},[84,132142,3236],{"class":387},[84,132144,132145],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132146,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,132148,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,132150,116],{"class":98},[84,132152,103],{"class":102},[84,132154,34586],{"class":121},[84,132156,425],{"class":102},[84,132158,35722],{"class":121},[84,132160,103],{"class":102},[84,132162,854],{"class":387},[84,132164,9619],{"class":391},[84,132166,854],{"class":387},[84,132168,147],{"class":102},[84,132170,51116],{"class":128},[84,132172,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,132174,116],{"class":98},[84,132176,103],{"class":102},[84,132178,34586],{"class":121},[84,132180,425],{"class":102},[84,132182,35722],{"class":121},[84,132184,103],{"class":102},[84,132186,854],{"class":387},[84,132188,419],{"class":391},[84,132190,854],{"class":387},[84,132192,147],{"class":102},[84,132194,27656],{"class":128},[84,132196,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,132198,116],{"class":98},[84,132200,103],{"class":102},[84,132202,34586],{"class":121},[84,132204,425],{"class":102},[84,132206,35722],{"class":121},[84,132208,103],{"class":102},[84,132210,854],{"class":387},[84,132212,63152],{"class":391},[84,132214,854],{"class":387},[84,132216,147],{"class":102},[84,132218,51284],{"class":128},[24,132220,132221,132223,132224,132226],{},[15,132222,58836],{}," returns only the ",[42,132225,29784],{}," matching position.",[75,132228,132230],{"className":77,"code":132229,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132231,132232,132244],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132233,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132235,34565],{"class":90},[84,132237,95],{"class":94},[84,132239,3230],{"class":387},[84,132241,3961],{"class":391},[84,132243,3236],{"class":387},[84,132245,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132247,116],{"class":98},[84,132249,103],{"class":102},[84,132251,34586],{"class":121},[84,132253,425],{"class":102},[84,132255,35722],{"class":121},[84,132257,103],{"class":102},[84,132259,854],{"class":387},[84,132261,419],{"class":391},[84,132263,854],{"class":387},[84,132265,147],{"class":102},[84,132267,27656],{"class":128},[24,132269,20861,132270,132272],{},[15,132271,17979],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[24,132274,132275,132276,425],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[419,132277,132278,10620],{"href":124502},[15,132279,58458],{},[70,132281,1442,132282,28,132284],{"id":65270},[15,132283,35949],{},[15,132285,52529],{},[24,132287,1862,132288,28,132290,132292],{},[15,132289,35949],{},[15,132291,52529],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[24,132294,132295],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[24,132297,45912,132298,881],{},[15,132299,35949],{},[75,132301,132303],{"className":77,"code":132302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132304,132305,132317,132321,132345,132373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132306,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132308,34565],{"class":90},[84,132310,95],{"class":94},[84,132312,3230],{"class":387},[84,132314,3961],{"class":391},[84,132316,3236],{"class":387},[84,132318,132319],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132320,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,132322,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,132324,116],{"class":98},[84,132326,103],{"class":102},[84,132328,34586],{"class":121},[84,132330,425],{"class":102},[84,132332,35722],{"class":121},[84,132334,103],{"class":102},[84,132336,854],{"class":387},[84,132338,419],{"class":391},[84,132340,854],{"class":387},[84,132342,147],{"class":102},[84,132344,50989],{"class":128},[84,132346,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,132348,116],{"class":98},[84,132350,103],{"class":102},[84,132352,34586],{"class":121},[84,132354,425],{"class":102},[84,132356,35722],{"class":121},[84,132358,103],{"class":102},[84,132360,854],{"class":387},[84,132362,419],{"class":391},[84,132364,854],{"class":387},[84,132366,282],{"class":102},[84,132368,304],{"class":106},[84,132370,147],{"class":102},[84,132372,50838],{"class":128},[84,132374,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,132376,116],{"class":98},[84,132378,103],{"class":102},[84,132380,34586],{"class":121},[84,132382,425],{"class":102},[84,132384,35722],{"class":121},[84,132386,103],{"class":102},[84,132388,854],{"class":387},[84,132390,419],{"class":391},[84,132392,854],{"class":387},[84,132394,282],{"class":102},[84,132396,314],{"class":106},[84,132398,147],{"class":102},[84,132400,50622],{"class":128},[24,132402,19841],{},[33,132404,132405,132412,132418],{},[36,132406,132407,132408,65460,132410],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132409,17979],{},[15,132411,838],{},[36,132413,132414,132415,132417],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132416,568],{}," skips that first match",[36,132419,132414,132420,132422,132423],{},[15,132421,2386],{}," finds the last ",[15,132424,17979],{},[24,132426,45912,132427,881],{},[15,132428,52529],{},[75,132430,132432],{"className":77,"code":132431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132433,132434,132446,132450],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132435,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132437,34565],{"class":90},[84,132439,95],{"class":94},[84,132441,3230],{"class":387},[84,132443,3961],{"class":391},[84,132445,3236],{"class":387},[84,132447,132448],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132449,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,132451,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,132453,116],{"class":98},[84,132455,103],{"class":102},[84,132457,34586],{"class":121},[84,132459,425],{"class":102},[84,132461,35722],{"class":121},[84,132463,103],{"class":102},[84,132465,854],{"class":387},[84,132467,75893],{"class":391},[84,132469,854],{"class":387},[84,132471,282],{"class":102},[84,132473,3709],{"class":106},[84,132475,282],{"class":102},[84,132477,314],{"class":106},[84,132479,147],{"class":102},[84,132481,51284],{"class":128},[24,132483,132484],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[24,132486,132487],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[70,132489,44085,132491,132493],{"id":132490},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132492,58836],{}," causes an error",[24,132495,132496,132497,52364,132499,425],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132498,58836],{},[15,132500,40575],{},[24,132502,190],{},[75,132504,132506],{"className":77,"code":132505,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132507,132508,132520],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132509,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132511,34565],{"class":90},[84,132513,95],{"class":94},[84,132515,3230],{"class":387},[84,132517,3721],{"class":391},[84,132519,3236],{"class":387},[84,132521,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132523,116],{"class":98},[84,132525,103],{"class":102},[84,132527,34586],{"class":121},[84,132529,425],{"class":102},[84,132531,35722],{"class":121},[84,132533,103],{"class":102},[84,132535,854],{"class":387},[84,132537,21958],{"class":391},[84,132539,854],{"class":387},[84,132541,232],{"class":102},[24,132543,265],{},[75,132545,132547],{"className":77,"code":132546,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132548,132549],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132550,132551,132553,132555,132558,132560],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132552,40575],{"class":139},[84,132554,881],{"class":102},[84,132556,132557],{"class":90}," substring ",[84,132559,1367],{"class":94},[84,132561,65693],{"class":90},[24,132563,53210,132564,126018,132569,132571],{},[419,132565,132566],{"href":129696},[15,132567,132568],{},"str.find()",[15,132570,65718],{}," instead of raising an error.",[24,132573,132574,132575,28,132577,881],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132576,29679],{},[15,132578,29710],{},[75,132580,132582],{"className":77,"code":132581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132583,132584,132596,132600,132606,132629,132639,132647],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132585,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132587,34565],{"class":90},[84,132589,95],{"class":94},[84,132591,3230],{"class":387},[84,132593,3721],{"class":391},[84,132595,3236],{"class":387},[84,132597,132598],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132599,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,132601,132602,132604],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,132603,29679],{"class":470},[84,132605,6266],{"class":102},[84,132607,132608,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,132609,132610],{"class":90},"    position ",[84,132612,95],{"class":94},[84,132614,42713],{"class":90},[84,132616,425],{"class":102},[84,132618,35722],{"class":121},[84,132620,103],{"class":102},[84,132622,854],{"class":387},[84,132624,21958],{"class":391},[84,132626,854],{"class":387},[84,132628,110],{"class":102},[84,132630,132631,132633,132635,132637],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,132632,490],{"class":98},[84,132634,103],{"class":102},[84,132636,64810],{"class":121},[84,132638,110],{"class":102},[84,132640,132641,132643,132645],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,132642,29710],{"class":470},[84,132644,41798],{"class":139},[84,132646,6266],{"class":102},[84,132648,132649,132651,132653,132655,132658,132660],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,132650,490],{"class":98},[84,132652,103],{"class":102},[84,132654,854],{"class":387},[84,132656,132657],{"class":391},"Substring not found",[84,132659,854],{"class":387},[84,132661,110],{"class":102},[24,132663,132664],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[24,132666,41818,132667,425],{},[419,132668,1278,132670],{"href":132669},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132671,129023],{},[70,132673,132675,18,132677],{"id":132674},"index-vs-find",[15,132676,58836],{},[15,132678,124047],{},[24,132680,132681,28,132683,132685],{},[15,132682,58836],{},[15,132684,124047],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1667,132687,132688],{"id":35722},[15,132689,58836],{},[33,132691,132692,132695],{},[36,132693,132694],{},"Returns the first match position",[36,132696,132697],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[75,132699,132701],{"className":77,"code":132700,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132702,132703,132715,132739],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132704,132705,132707,132709,132711,132713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132706,34565],{"class":90},[84,132708,95],{"class":94},[84,132710,3230],{"class":387},[84,132712,3721],{"class":391},[84,132714,3236],{"class":387},[84,132716,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132718,116],{"class":98},[84,132720,103],{"class":102},[84,132722,34586],{"class":121},[84,132724,425],{"class":102},[84,132726,35722],{"class":121},[84,132728,103],{"class":102},[84,132730,854],{"class":387},[84,132732,60314],{"class":391},[84,132734,854],{"class":387},[84,132736,147],{"class":102},[84,132738,27656],{"class":128},[84,132740,132741],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,132742,132743],{"class":128},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1667,132745,132746],{"id":128077},[15,132747,124047],{},[33,132749,132750,132752],{},[36,132751,132694],{},[36,132753,11303,132754,132756],{},[15,132755,65718],{}," if nothing is found",[75,132758,132760],{"className":77,"code":132759,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132761,132762,132774,132798],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132763,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132765,34565],{"class":90},[84,132767,95],{"class":94},[84,132769,3230],{"class":387},[84,132771,3721],{"class":391},[84,132773,3236],{"class":387},[84,132775,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132777,116],{"class":98},[84,132779,103],{"class":102},[84,132781,34586],{"class":121},[84,132783,425],{"class":102},[84,132785,128077],{"class":121},[84,132787,103],{"class":102},[84,132789,854],{"class":387},[84,132791,60314],{"class":391},[84,132793,854],{"class":387},[84,132795,147],{"class":102},[84,132797,27656],{"class":128},[84,132799,132800,132802,132804,132806,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816,132818,132820],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,132801,116],{"class":98},[84,132803,103],{"class":102},[84,132805,34586],{"class":121},[84,132807,425],{"class":102},[84,132809,128077],{"class":121},[84,132811,103],{"class":102},[84,132813,854],{"class":387},[84,132815,21958],{"class":391},[84,132817,854],{"class":387},[84,132819,147],{"class":102},[84,132821,128433],{"class":128},[24,132823,153,132824,132826],{},[15,132825,58836],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[24,132828,153,132829,132831],{},[15,132830,124047],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[24,132833,132834,132835,2759,132840,425],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[419,132836,132837,132839],{"href":129696},[15,132838,132568],{}," method reference",[419,132841,127088],{"href":132842},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[70,132844,1434],{"id":1433},[24,132846,132847,132848,881],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132849,58836],{},[33,132851,132852,132855,132862,132867,132872],{},[36,132853,132854],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[36,132856,8329,132857,8332,132859,132861],{},[15,132858,58836],{},[15,132860,65718],{}," when no match exists",[36,132863,1442,132864,132866],{},[15,132865,58836],{}," on a value that may not be present",[36,132868,132869,132870],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132871,838],{},[36,132873,4454,132874,132876],{},[15,132875,58836],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[24,132878,62160],{},[75,132880,132882],{"className":77,"code":132881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132883,132884,132894,132908,132930,132952],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132885,132886,132888,132890,132892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132887,116],{"class":98},[84,132889,103],{"class":102},[84,132891,34586],{"class":121},[84,132893,110],{"class":102},[84,132895,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,132897,116],{"class":98},[84,132899,103],{"class":102},[84,132901,41651],{"class":98},[84,132903,103],{"class":102},[84,132905,34586],{"class":121},[84,132907,232],{"class":102},[84,132909,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,132911,116],{"class":98},[84,132913,103],{"class":102},[84,132915,34586],{"class":121},[84,132917,425],{"class":102},[84,132919,35722],{"class":121},[84,132921,103],{"class":102},[84,132923,854],{"class":387},[84,132925,2354],{"class":391},[84,132927,854],{"class":387},[84,132929,232],{"class":102},[84,132931,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,132933,116],{"class":98},[84,132935,103],{"class":102},[84,132937,34586],{"class":121},[84,132939,425],{"class":102},[84,132941,128077],{"class":121},[84,132943,103],{"class":102},[84,132945,854],{"class":387},[84,132947,2354],{"class":391},[84,132949,854],{"class":387},[84,132951,232],{"class":102},[84,132953,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,132955,116],{"class":98},[84,132957,103],{"class":102},[84,132959,34586],{"class":121},[84,132961,425],{"class":102},[84,132963,35722],{"class":121},[84,132965,103],{"class":102},[84,132967,854],{"class":387},[84,132969,2354],{"class":391},[84,132971,854],{"class":387},[84,132973,282],{"class":102},[84,132975,35928],{"class":121},[84,132977,282],{"class":102},[84,132979,64904],{"class":121},[84,132981,232],{"class":102},[24,132983,132984],{},"Tips:",[33,132986,132987,132992,132997,133000],{},[36,132988,153,132989,132991],{},[15,132990,125974],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[36,132993,153,132994,132996],{},[15,132995,124047],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[36,132998,132999],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,133001,133002,133003],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133004,279],{},[70,133006,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,133008,129556,133010,12598],{"id":133009},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133011,58836],{},[24,133013,133014],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1667,133016,133018],{"id":133017},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[24,133020,76721,133021,425],{},[15,133022,40575],{},[1667,133024,5053,133026,28,133028,1689],{"id":133025},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133027,58836],{},[15,133029,124047],{},[24,133031,133032,133034,133035,2279,133037,6505],{},[15,133033,58836],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133036,124047],{},[15,133038,65718],{},[1667,133040,5043,133042,133044],{"id":133041},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133043,58836],{}," search for more than one character?",[24,133046,133047],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1667,133049,133051,133052,124388],{"id":133050},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133053,58836],{},[24,133055,129581],{},[70,133057,1777],{"id":1776},[33,133059,133060,133066,133070,133075,133081],{},[36,133061,133062],{},[419,133063,133064,10620],{"href":129696},[15,133065,132568],{},[36,133067,133068],{},[419,133069,124451],{"href":132842},[36,133071,133072],{},[419,133073,129657],{"href":133074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[36,133076,133077],{},[419,133078,133079,10620],{"href":124502},[15,133080,58458],{},[36,133082,133083],{},[419,133084,30223,133085],{"href":132669},[15,133086,129023],{},[1814,133088,133089],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":133091},[133092,133093,133095,133096,133097,133098,133100,133105,133106,133117],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":131728,"depth":113,"text":133094},"What str.index() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":37889,"depth":113,"text":37890},{"id":65270,"depth":113,"text":66053},{"id":132490,"depth":113,"text":133099},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132674,"depth":113,"text":133101,"children":133102},"index() vs find()",[133103,133104],{"id":35722,"depth":132,"text":58836},{"id":128077,"depth":132,"text":124047},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":133107},[133108,133110,133111,133113,133115],{"id":133009,"depth":132,"text":133109},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133017,"depth":132,"text":133018},{"id":133025,"depth":132,"text":133112},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133041,"depth":132,"text":133114},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133050,"depth":132,"text":133116},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131637,"description":133118},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133125,"title":133126,"body":133127,"description":135902,"extension":1845,"meta":135903,"navigation":237,"path":135904,"seo":135905,"stem":135906,"__hash__":135907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133128,"toc":135838},[133129,133135,133140,133143,133146,133157,133159,133228,133230,133244,133249,133254,133259,133261,133304,133306,133389,133391,133437,133443,133445,133447,133467,133469,133492,133494,133568,133570,133589,133594,133596,133600,133672,133674,133688,133692,133768,133770,133789,133793,133887,133889,133898,133905,133981,133983,134001,134005,134008,134015,134064,134066,134075,134082,134141,134143,134161,134164,134171,134230,134232,134250,134257,134314,134316,134325,134329,134334,134338,134397,134399,134417,134421,134468,134473,134476,134545,134547,134564,134571,134577,134632,134637,134640,134717,134719,134737,134743,134749,134809,134811,134830,134836,134839,134846,134899,134904,134906,134967,134976,134983,134985,135042,135047,135049,135120,135124,135179,135181,135190,135195,135201,135270,135272,135304,135310,135318,135325,135331,135396,135398,135407,135413,135494,135496,135505,135510,135524,135531,135535,135540,135568,135570,135703,135706,135743,135745,135751,135760,135765,135768,135773,135778,135784,135787,135796,135799,135801,135830,135835],[10,133130,123052,133132,11201],{"id":133131},"python-string-join-method",[15,133133,133134],{},"join()",[24,133136,123057,133137,133139],{},[15,133138,133134],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[24,133141,133142],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[24,133144,133145],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[33,133147,133148,133154],{},[36,133149,133150,133151,133153],{},"You call ",[15,133152,133134],{}," on the separator string",[36,133155,133156],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[70,133158,73],{"id":72},[75,133160,133162],{"className":77,"code":133161,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133163,133164,133197,133218],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133165,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133193,133195],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133167,3943],{"class":90},[84,133169,95],{"class":94},[84,133171,3498],{"class":102},[84,133173,854],{"class":387},[84,133175,7172],{"class":391},[84,133177,854],{"class":387},[84,133179,282],{"class":102},[84,133181,3230],{"class":387},[84,133183,12075],{"class":391},[84,133185,854],{"class":387},[84,133187,282],{"class":102},[84,133189,3230],{"class":387},[84,133191,133192],{"class":391},"fun",[84,133194,854],{"class":387},[84,133196,317],{"class":102},[84,133198,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133212,133214,133216],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133200,2110],{"class":90},[84,133202,95],{"class":94},[84,133204,3230],{"class":387},[84,133206,3230],{"class":387},[84,133208,425],{"class":102},[84,133210,133211],{"class":121},"join",[84,133213,103],{"class":102},[84,133215,3987],{"class":121},[84,133217,110],{"class":102},[84,133219,133220,133222,133224,133226],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,133221,116],{"class":98},[84,133223,103],{"class":102},[84,133225,2145],{"class":121},[84,133227,110],{"class":102},[24,133229,265],{},[75,133231,133233],{"className":77,"code":133232,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python is fun\n",[15,133234,133235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133236,133237,133239,133241],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133238,13],{"class":90},[84,133240,12075],{"class":94},[84,133242,133243],{"class":90}," fun\n",[24,133245,153,133246,133248],{},[15,133247,133134],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[70,133250,429,133252,3554],{"id":133251},"what-join-does",[15,133253,133134],{},[24,133255,133256,133258],{},[15,133257,133134],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[24,133260,11338],{},[33,133262,133263,133270,133298,133301],{},[36,133264,133265,133266,133269],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133267,133268],{},".join()"," as the separator",[36,133271,133272,133273],{},"Common separators are:\n",[33,133274,133275,133281,133287,133293],{},[36,133276,133277,133280],{},[15,133278,133279],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[36,133282,133283,133286],{},[15,133284,133285],{},"\", \""," for commas",[36,133288,133289,133292],{},[15,133290,133291],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[36,133294,133295,133297],{},[15,133296,6144],{}," for no separator",[36,133299,133300],{},"It returns a new string",[36,133302,133303],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[24,133305,190],{},[75,133307,133309],{"className":77,"code":133308,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133310,133311,133343,133365,133369,133379],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133312,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133314,3943],{"class":90},[84,133316,95],{"class":94},[84,133318,3498],{"class":102},[84,133320,854],{"class":387},[84,133322,12976],{"class":391},[84,133324,854],{"class":387},[84,133326,282],{"class":102},[84,133328,3230],{"class":387},[84,133330,17338],{"class":391},[84,133332,854],{"class":387},[84,133334,282],{"class":102},[84,133336,3230],{"class":387},[84,133338,12993],{"class":391},[84,133340,854],{"class":387},[84,133342,317],{"class":102},[84,133344,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133346,2110],{"class":90},[84,133348,95],{"class":94},[84,133350,3230],{"class":387},[84,133352,1263],{"class":391},[84,133354,854],{"class":387},[84,133356,425],{"class":102},[84,133358,133211],{"class":121},[84,133360,103],{"class":102},[84,133362,3987],{"class":121},[84,133364,110],{"class":102},[84,133366,133367],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,133368,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,133370,133371,133373,133375,133377],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,133372,116],{"class":98},[84,133374,103],{"class":102},[84,133376,2145],{"class":121},[84,133378,110],{"class":102},[84,133380,133381,133383,133385,133387],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,133382,116],{"class":98},[84,133384,103],{"class":102},[84,133386,3987],{"class":121},[84,133388,110],{"class":102},[24,133390,265],{},[75,133392,133394],{"className":77,"code":133393,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133395,133396,133409],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133397,133398,133400,133402,133405,133407],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133399,12976],{"class":90},[84,133401,282],{"class":102},[84,133403,133404],{"class":90}," green",[84,133406,282],{"class":102},[84,133408,35757],{"class":90},[84,133410,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133412,292],{"class":102},[84,133414,394],{"class":387},[84,133416,12976],{"class":391},[84,133418,394],{"class":387},[84,133420,282],{"class":102},[84,133422,388],{"class":387},[84,133424,17338],{"class":391},[84,133426,394],{"class":387},[84,133428,282],{"class":102},[84,133430,388],{"class":387},[84,133432,12993],{"class":391},[84,133434,394],{"class":387},[84,133436,317],{"class":102},[24,133438,133439,133440,133442],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133441,133134],{}," creates a new string.",[70,133444,2038],{"id":2037},[24,133446,7093],{},[75,133448,133450],{"className":77,"code":133449,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133451,133452],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133453,133454,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133455,133456],{"class":90},"separator",[84,133458,425],{"class":102},[84,133460,133211],{"class":121},[84,133462,103],{"class":102},[84,133464,3595],{"class":121},[84,133466,110],{"class":102},[1667,133468,48878],{"id":48877},[33,133470,133471,133484,133489],{},[36,133472,133473,133475,133476,1263,133478,1263,133480,1267,133482],{},[15,133474,133456],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133477,133279],{},[15,133479,133285],{},[15,133481,133291],{},[15,133483,6144],{},[36,133485,133486,133488],{},[15,133487,3595],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[36,133490,133491],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[24,133493,190],{},[75,133495,133497],{"className":77,"code":133496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133498,133499,133531,133554,133558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133500,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525,133527,133529],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133502,4868],{"class":90},[84,133504,95],{"class":94},[84,133506,3498],{"class":102},[84,133508,854],{"class":387},[84,133510,12763],{"class":391},[84,133512,854],{"class":387},[84,133514,282],{"class":102},[84,133516,3230],{"class":387},[84,133518,35817],{"class":391},[84,133520,854],{"class":387},[84,133522,282],{"class":102},[84,133524,3230],{"class":387},[84,133526,35826],{"class":391},[84,133528,854],{"class":387},[84,133530,317],{"class":102},[84,133532,133533,133535,133537,133539,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133534,2110],{"class":90},[84,133536,95],{"class":94},[84,133538,3230],{"class":387},[84,133540,133541],{"class":391}," | ",[84,133543,854],{"class":387},[84,133545,425],{"class":102},[84,133547,133211],{"class":121},[84,133549,103],{"class":102},[84,133551,4912],{"class":121},[84,133553,110],{"class":102},[84,133555,133556],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,133557,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,133559,133560,133562,133564,133566],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,133561,116],{"class":98},[84,133563,103],{"class":102},[84,133565,2145],{"class":121},[84,133567,110],{"class":102},[24,133569,265],{},[75,133571,133573],{"className":77,"code":133572,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133574,133575],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133576,133577,133580,133582,133585,133587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133578,133579],{"class":90},"Ana ",[84,133581,113559],{"class":94},[84,133583,133584],{"class":90}," Ben ",[84,133586,113559],{"class":94},[84,133588,35898],{"class":90},[24,133590,133591,133592,425],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[419,133593,124807],{"href":50844},[70,133595,121583],{"id":121582},[1667,133597,133599],{"id":133598},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[75,133601,133603],{"className":77,"code":133602,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133604,133605,133638,133658,133662],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133606,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133634,133636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133608,3943],{"class":90},[84,133610,95],{"class":94},[84,133612,3498],{"class":102},[84,133614,854],{"class":387},[84,133616,7172],{"class":391},[84,133618,854],{"class":387},[84,133620,282],{"class":102},[84,133622,3230],{"class":387},[84,133624,12075],{"class":391},[84,133626,854],{"class":387},[84,133628,282],{"class":102},[84,133630,3230],{"class":387},[84,133632,133633],{"class":391},"easy",[84,133635,854],{"class":387},[84,133637,317],{"class":102},[84,133639,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133641,2110],{"class":90},[84,133643,95],{"class":94},[84,133645,3230],{"class":387},[84,133647,3230],{"class":387},[84,133649,425],{"class":102},[84,133651,133211],{"class":121},[84,133653,103],{"class":102},[84,133655,3987],{"class":121},[84,133657,110],{"class":102},[84,133659,133660],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,133661,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,133663,133664,133666,133668,133670],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,133665,116],{"class":98},[84,133667,103],{"class":102},[84,133669,2145],{"class":121},[84,133671,110],{"class":102},[24,133673,265],{},[75,133675,133677],{"className":77,"code":133676,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python is easy\n",[15,133678,133679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133680,133681,133683,133685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133682,13],{"class":90},[84,133684,12075],{"class":94},[84,133686,133687],{"class":90}," easy\n",[1667,133689,133691],{"id":133690},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[75,133693,133695],{"className":77,"code":133694,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133696,133697,133732,133754,133758],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133698,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133710,133712,133714,133716,133719,133721,133723,133725,133728,133730],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133700,7656],{"class":90},[84,133702,95],{"class":94},[84,133704,3498],{"class":102},[84,133706,854],{"class":387},[84,133708,133709],{"class":391},"apples",[84,133711,854],{"class":387},[84,133713,282],{"class":102},[84,133715,3230],{"class":387},[84,133717,133718],{"class":391},"bananas",[84,133720,854],{"class":387},[84,133722,282],{"class":102},[84,133724,3230],{"class":387},[84,133726,133727],{"class":391},"oranges",[84,133729,854],{"class":387},[84,133731,317],{"class":102},[84,133733,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133735,2110],{"class":90},[84,133737,95],{"class":94},[84,133739,3230],{"class":387},[84,133741,1263],{"class":391},[84,133743,854],{"class":387},[84,133745,425],{"class":102},[84,133747,133211],{"class":121},[84,133749,103],{"class":102},[84,133751,7687],{"class":121},[84,133753,110],{"class":102},[84,133755,133756],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,133757,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,133759,133760,133762,133764,133766],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,133761,116],{"class":98},[84,133763,103],{"class":102},[84,133765,2145],{"class":121},[84,133767,110],{"class":102},[24,133769,265],{},[75,133771,133773],{"className":77,"code":133772,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133774,133775],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133776,133777,133779,133781,133784,133786],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133778,133709],{"class":90},[84,133780,282],{"class":102},[84,133782,133783],{"class":90}," bananas",[84,133785,282],{"class":102},[84,133787,133788],{"class":90}," oranges\n",[1667,133790,133792],{"id":133791},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[75,133794,133796],{"className":77,"code":133795,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133797,133798,133855,133873,133877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133799,133800,133802,133804,133806,133808,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133801,35967],{"class":90},[84,133803,95],{"class":94},[84,133805,3498],{"class":102},[84,133807,854],{"class":387},[84,133809,133810],{"class":391},"P",[84,133812,854],{"class":387},[84,133814,282],{"class":102},[84,133816,3230],{"class":387},[84,133818,11626],{"class":391},[84,133820,854],{"class":387},[84,133822,282],{"class":102},[84,133824,3230],{"class":387},[84,133826,63152],{"class":391},[84,133828,854],{"class":387},[84,133830,282],{"class":102},[84,133832,3230],{"class":387},[84,133834,60305],{"class":391},[84,133836,854],{"class":387},[84,133838,282],{"class":102},[84,133840,3230],{"class":387},[84,133842,60340],{"class":391},[84,133844,854],{"class":387},[84,133846,282],{"class":102},[84,133848,3230],{"class":387},[84,133850,75893],{"class":391},[84,133852,854],{"class":387},[84,133854,317],{"class":102},[84,133856,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133858,2110],{"class":90},[84,133860,95],{"class":94},[84,133862,5998],{"class":387},[84,133864,425],{"class":102},[84,133866,133211],{"class":121},[84,133868,103],{"class":102},[84,133870,36019],{"class":121},[84,133872,110],{"class":102},[84,133874,133875],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,133876,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,133878,133879,133881,133883,133885],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,133880,116],{"class":98},[84,133882,103],{"class":102},[84,133884,2145],{"class":121},[84,133886,110],{"class":102},[24,133888,265],{},[75,133890,133892],{"className":77,"code":133891,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python\n",[15,133893,133894],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133895,133896],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133897,133891],{"class":90},[1667,133899,133901,133902,133904],{"id":133900},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133903,133134],{}," returns the result",[75,133906,133908],{"className":77,"code":133907,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133909,133910,133943,133966,133970],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133911,133912,133914,133916,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133939,133941],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133913,3943],{"class":90},[84,133915,95],{"class":94},[84,133917,3498],{"class":102},[84,133919,854],{"class":387},[84,133921,6459],{"class":391},[84,133923,854],{"class":387},[84,133925,282],{"class":102},[84,133927,3230],{"class":387},[84,133929,79134],{"class":391},[84,133931,854],{"class":387},[84,133933,282],{"class":102},[84,133935,3230],{"class":387},[84,133937,133938],{"class":391},"three",[84,133940,854],{"class":387},[84,133942,317],{"class":102},[84,133944,133945,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,133946,133947],{"class":90},"joined_text ",[84,133949,95],{"class":94},[84,133951,3230],{"class":387},[84,133953,1906],{"class":391},[84,133955,854],{"class":387},[84,133957,425],{"class":102},[84,133959,133211],{"class":121},[84,133961,103],{"class":102},[84,133963,3987],{"class":121},[84,133965,110],{"class":102},[84,133967,133968],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,133969,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,133971,133972,133974,133976,133979],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,133973,116],{"class":98},[84,133975,103],{"class":102},[84,133977,133978],{"class":121},"joined_text",[84,133980,110],{"class":102},[24,133982,265],{},[75,133984,133986],{"className":77,"code":133985,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"one-two-three\n",[15,133987,133988],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133989,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133991,6459],{"class":90},[84,133993,1906],{"class":94},[84,133995,79134],{"class":90},[84,133997,1906],{"class":94},[84,133999,134000],{"class":90},"three\n",[70,134002,134004],{"id":134003},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[24,134006,134007],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1667,134009,134011,134014],{"id":134010},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134012,134013],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[75,134016,134018],{"className":77,"code":134017,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134019,134020,134044],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134021,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134023,3943],{"class":90},[84,134025,95],{"class":94},[84,134027,3498],{"class":102},[84,134029,854],{"class":387},[84,134031,3721],{"class":391},[84,134033,854],{"class":387},[84,134035,282],{"class":102},[84,134037,3230],{"class":387},[84,134039,60457],{"class":391},[84,134041,854],{"class":387},[84,134043,317],{"class":102},[84,134045,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134047,116],{"class":98},[84,134049,103],{"class":102},[84,134051,854],{"class":387},[84,134053,3230],{"class":387},[84,134055,425],{"class":102},[84,134057,133211],{"class":121},[84,134059,103],{"class":102},[84,134061,3987],{"class":121},[84,134063,232],{"class":102},[24,134065,265],{},[75,134067,134069],{"className":77,"code":134068,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello world\n",[15,134070,134071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134072,134073],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134074,134068],{"class":90},[1667,134076,134078,134081],{"id":134077},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134079,134080],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[75,134083,134085],{"className":77,"code":134084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134086,134087,134119],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134088,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134090,12959],{"class":90},[84,134092,95],{"class":94},[84,134094,3498],{"class":102},[84,134096,854],{"class":387},[84,134098,12976],{"class":391},[84,134100,854],{"class":387},[84,134102,282],{"class":102},[84,134104,3230],{"class":387},[84,134106,12993],{"class":391},[84,134108,854],{"class":387},[84,134110,282],{"class":102},[84,134112,3230],{"class":387},[84,134114,17338],{"class":391},[84,134116,854],{"class":387},[84,134118,317],{"class":102},[84,134120,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134122,116],{"class":98},[84,134124,103],{"class":102},[84,134126,854],{"class":387},[84,134128,1263],{"class":391},[84,134130,854],{"class":387},[84,134132,425],{"class":102},[84,134134,133211],{"class":121},[84,134136,103],{"class":102},[84,134138,17385],{"class":121},[84,134140,232],{"class":102},[24,134142,265],{},[75,134144,134146],{"className":77,"code":134145,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134147,134148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134149,134150,134152,134154,134157,134159],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134151,12976],{"class":90},[84,134153,282],{"class":102},[84,134155,134156],{"class":90}," blue",[84,134158,282],{"class":102},[84,134160,35750],{"class":90},[24,134162,134163],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1667,134165,134167,134170],{"id":134166},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134168,134169],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[75,134172,134174],{"className":77,"code":134173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134175,134176,134208],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134177,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134179,42708],{"class":90},[84,134181,95],{"class":94},[84,134183,3498],{"class":102},[84,134185,854],{"class":387},[84,134187,79],{"class":391},[84,134189,854],{"class":387},[84,134191,282],{"class":102},[84,134193,3230],{"class":387},[84,134195,61040],{"class":391},[84,134197,854],{"class":387},[84,134199,282],{"class":102},[84,134201,3230],{"class":387},[84,134203,133211],{"class":391},[84,134205,854],{"class":387},[84,134207,317],{"class":102},[84,134209,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134211,116],{"class":98},[84,134213,103],{"class":102},[84,134215,854],{"class":387},[84,134217,1906],{"class":391},[84,134219,854],{"class":387},[84,134221,425],{"class":102},[84,134223,133211],{"class":121},[84,134225,103],{"class":102},[84,134227,42740],{"class":121},[84,134229,232],{"class":102},[24,134231,265],{},[75,134233,134235],{"className":77,"code":134234,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"python-string-join\n",[15,134236,134237],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134238,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134240,79],{"class":90},[84,134242,1906],{"class":94},[84,134244,61040],{"class":90},[84,134246,1906],{"class":94},[84,134248,134249],{"class":90},"join\n",[1667,134251,134253,134256],{"id":134252},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134254,134255],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[75,134258,134260],{"className":77,"code":134259,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134261,134262,134295],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134263,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134291,134293],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134265,112631],{"class":90},[84,134267,95],{"class":94},[84,134269,3498],{"class":102},[84,134271,854],{"class":387},[84,134273,22126],{"class":391},[84,134275,854],{"class":387},[84,134277,282],{"class":102},[84,134279,3230],{"class":387},[84,134281,30476],{"class":391},[84,134283,854],{"class":387},[84,134285,282],{"class":102},[84,134287,3230],{"class":387},[84,134289,134290],{"class":391},"C",[84,134292,854],{"class":387},[84,134294,317],{"class":102},[84,134296,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134312],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134298,116],{"class":98},[84,134300,103],{"class":102},[84,134302,6144],{"class":387},[84,134304,425],{"class":102},[84,134306,133211],{"class":121},[84,134308,103],{"class":102},[84,134310,134311],{"class":121},"chars",[84,134313,232],{"class":102},[24,134315,265],{},[75,134317,134319],{"className":77,"code":134318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ABC\n",[15,134320,134321],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134322,134323],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134324,134318],{"class":34330},[70,134326,134328],{"id":134327},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[24,134330,134331,134333],{},[15,134332,133134],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1667,134335,134337],{"id":134336},"this-works","This works",[75,134339,134341],{"className":77,"code":134340,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134342,134343,134375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134344,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134346,3698],{"class":90},[84,134348,95],{"class":94},[84,134350,3498],{"class":102},[84,134352,854],{"class":387},[84,134354,2212],{"class":391},[84,134356,854],{"class":387},[84,134358,282],{"class":102},[84,134360,3230],{"class":387},[84,134362,15636],{"class":391},[84,134364,854],{"class":387},[84,134366,282],{"class":102},[84,134368,3230],{"class":387},[84,134370,36713],{"class":391},[84,134372,854],{"class":387},[84,134374,317],{"class":102},[84,134376,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134378,116],{"class":98},[84,134380,103],{"class":102},[84,134382,854],{"class":387},[84,134384,1263],{"class":391},[84,134386,854],{"class":387},[84,134388,425],{"class":102},[84,134390,133211],{"class":121},[84,134392,103],{"class":102},[84,134394,5233],{"class":121},[84,134396,232],{"class":102},[24,134398,265],{},[75,134400,134402],{"className":77,"code":134401,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134403,134404],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134405,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134407,2212],{"class":106},[84,134409,282],{"class":102},[84,134411,7667],{"class":106},[84,134413,282],{"class":102},[84,134415,134416],{"class":106}," 30\n",[1667,134418,134420],{"id":134419},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[75,134422,134424],{"className":77,"code":134423,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134425,134426,134446],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134427,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134429,3698],{"class":90},[84,134431,95],{"class":94},[84,134433,3498],{"class":102},[84,134435,838],{"class":106},[84,134437,282],{"class":102},[84,134439,304],{"class":106},[84,134441,282],{"class":102},[84,134443,309],{"class":106},[84,134445,317],{"class":102},[84,134447,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134449,116],{"class":98},[84,134451,103],{"class":102},[84,134453,854],{"class":387},[84,134455,1263],{"class":391},[84,134457,854],{"class":387},[84,134459,425],{"class":102},[84,134461,133211],{"class":121},[84,134463,103],{"class":102},[84,134465,5233],{"class":121},[84,134467,232],{"class":102},[24,134469,90173,134470,134472],{},[15,134471,2884],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[24,134474,134475],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[75,134477,134479],{"className":77,"code":134478,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134480,134481,134501,134531,134535],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134482,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134484,3698],{"class":90},[84,134486,95],{"class":94},[84,134488,3498],{"class":102},[84,134490,838],{"class":106},[84,134492,282],{"class":102},[84,134494,304],{"class":106},[84,134496,282],{"class":102},[84,134498,309],{"class":106},[84,134500,317],{"class":102},[84,134502,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134504,2110],{"class":90},[84,134506,95],{"class":94},[84,134508,3230],{"class":387},[84,134510,1263],{"class":391},[84,134512,854],{"class":387},[84,134514,425],{"class":102},[84,134516,133211],{"class":121},[84,134518,103],{"class":102},[84,134520,39730],{"class":98},[84,134522,103],{"class":102},[84,134524,3321],{"class":139},[84,134526,282],{"class":102},[84,134528,3760],{"class":121},[84,134530,232],{"class":102},[84,134532,134533],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,134534,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,134536,134537,134539,134541,134543],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,134538,116],{"class":98},[84,134540,103],{"class":102},[84,134542,2145],{"class":121},[84,134544,110],{"class":102},[24,134546,265],{},[75,134548,134550],{"className":77,"code":134549,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134551,134552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134553,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134555,838],{"class":106},[84,134557,282],{"class":102},[84,134559,304],{"class":106},[84,134561,282],{"class":102},[84,134563,902],{"class":106},[24,134565,134566,134567,425],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[419,134568,13,134569,424],{"href":42047},[15,134570,47552],{},[1667,134572,134574,134576],{"id":134573},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134575,3653],{}," values do not work directly",[75,134578,134580],{"className":77,"code":134579,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134581,134582,134610],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134583,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134585,3698],{"class":90},[84,134587,95],{"class":94},[84,134589,3498],{"class":102},[84,134591,854],{"class":387},[84,134593,3952],{"class":391},[84,134595,854],{"class":387},[84,134597,282],{"class":102},[84,134599,3728],{"class":659},[84,134601,282],{"class":102},[84,134603,3230],{"class":387},[84,134605,3961],{"class":391},[84,134607,854],{"class":387},[84,134609,317],{"class":102},[84,134611,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134613,116],{"class":98},[84,134615,103],{"class":102},[84,134617,854],{"class":387},[84,134619,1263],{"class":391},[84,134621,854],{"class":387},[84,134623,425],{"class":102},[84,134625,133211],{"class":121},[84,134627,103],{"class":102},[84,134629,5233],{"class":121},[84,134631,232],{"class":102},[24,134633,134634,134635,425],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134636,2884],{},[24,134638,134639],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[75,134641,134643],{"className":77,"code":134642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134644,134645,134673,134703,134707],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134646,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134648,3698],{"class":90},[84,134650,95],{"class":94},[84,134652,3498],{"class":102},[84,134654,854],{"class":387},[84,134656,3952],{"class":391},[84,134658,854],{"class":387},[84,134660,282],{"class":102},[84,134662,3728],{"class":659},[84,134664,282],{"class":102},[84,134666,3230],{"class":387},[84,134668,3961],{"class":391},[84,134670,854],{"class":387},[84,134672,317],{"class":102},[84,134674,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134676,2110],{"class":90},[84,134678,95],{"class":94},[84,134680,3230],{"class":387},[84,134682,1263],{"class":391},[84,134684,854],{"class":387},[84,134686,425],{"class":102},[84,134688,133211],{"class":121},[84,134690,103],{"class":102},[84,134692,39730],{"class":98},[84,134694,103],{"class":102},[84,134696,3321],{"class":139},[84,134698,282],{"class":102},[84,134700,3760],{"class":121},[84,134702,232],{"class":102},[84,134704,134705],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,134706,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,134708,134709,134711,134713,134715],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,134710,116],{"class":98},[84,134712,103],{"class":102},[84,134714,2145],{"class":121},[84,134716,110],{"class":102},[24,134718,265],{},[75,134720,134722],{"className":77,"code":134721,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134723,134724],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134725,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134727,3952],{"class":90},[84,134729,282],{"class":102},[84,134731,3728],{"class":659},[84,134733,282],{"class":102},[84,134735,134736],{"class":90}," banana\n",[24,134738,134739,134740,134742],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134741,3653],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1667,134744,134746,134748],{"id":134745},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134747,133134],{}," also works with tuples",[75,134750,134752],{"className":77,"code":134751,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134753,134754,134786],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134755,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134757,4868],{"class":90},[84,134759,95],{"class":94},[84,134761,9115],{"class":102},[84,134763,854],{"class":387},[84,134765,7553],{"class":391},[84,134767,854],{"class":387},[84,134769,282],{"class":102},[84,134771,3230],{"class":387},[84,134773,131140],{"class":391},[84,134775,854],{"class":387},[84,134777,282],{"class":102},[84,134779,3230],{"class":387},[84,134781,7799],{"class":391},[84,134783,854],{"class":387},[84,134785,110],{"class":102},[84,134787,134788,134790,134792,134794,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134789,116],{"class":98},[84,134791,103],{"class":102},[84,134793,854],{"class":387},[84,134795,134796],{"class":391}," \u002F ",[84,134798,854],{"class":387},[84,134800,425],{"class":102},[84,134802,133211],{"class":121},[84,134804,103],{"class":102},[84,134806,4912],{"class":121},[84,134808,232],{"class":102},[24,134810,265],{},[75,134812,134814],{"className":77,"code":134813,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134815,134816],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134817,134818,134821,134823,134826,134828],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134819,134820],{"class":90},"Sam ",[84,134822,126944],{"class":94},[84,134824,134825],{"class":90}," Lee ",[84,134827,126944],{"class":94},[84,134829,22215],{"class":90},[70,134831,134833,134834],{"id":134832},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134835,133134],{},[24,134837,134838],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1667,134840,134842,134843,134845],{"id":134841},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134844,2884],{}," because not all items are strings",[75,134847,134849],{"className":77,"code":134848,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134850,134851,134879],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134852,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134854,7656],{"class":90},[84,134856,95],{"class":94},[84,134858,3498],{"class":102},[84,134860,854],{"class":387},[84,134862,419],{"class":391},[84,134864,854],{"class":387},[84,134866,282],{"class":102},[84,134868,304],{"class":106},[84,134870,282],{"class":102},[84,134872,3230],{"class":387},[84,134874,9619],{"class":391},[84,134876,854],{"class":387},[84,134878,317],{"class":102},[84,134880,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134882,116],{"class":98},[84,134884,103],{"class":102},[84,134886,854],{"class":387},[84,134888,3230],{"class":387},[84,134890,425],{"class":102},[84,134892,133211],{"class":121},[84,134894,103],{"class":102},[84,134896,7687],{"class":121},[84,134898,232],{"class":102},[24,134900,48379,134901,134903],{},[15,134902,568],{}," is an integer.",[24,134905,39132],{},[75,134907,134909],{"className":77,"code":134908,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134910,134911,134939],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134912,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134914,7656],{"class":90},[84,134916,95],{"class":94},[84,134918,3498],{"class":102},[84,134920,854],{"class":387},[84,134922,419],{"class":391},[84,134924,854],{"class":387},[84,134926,282],{"class":102},[84,134928,304],{"class":106},[84,134930,282],{"class":102},[84,134932,3230],{"class":387},[84,134934,9619],{"class":391},[84,134936,854],{"class":387},[84,134938,317],{"class":102},[84,134940,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,134942,116],{"class":98},[84,134944,103],{"class":102},[84,134946,854],{"class":387},[84,134948,3230],{"class":387},[84,134950,425],{"class":102},[84,134952,133211],{"class":121},[84,134954,103],{"class":102},[84,134956,39730],{"class":98},[84,134958,103],{"class":102},[84,134960,3321],{"class":139},[84,134962,282],{"class":102},[84,134964,5839],{"class":121},[84,134966,345],{"class":102},[24,134968,134969,134970,425],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[419,134971,1278,134973],{"href":134972},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134974,134975],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1667,134977,134979,134980,134982],{"id":134978},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134981,133134],{}," on a list instead of a string",[24,134984,4400],{},[75,134986,134988],{"className":77,"code":134987,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134989,134990,135022],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134991,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134993,3943],{"class":90},[84,134995,95],{"class":94},[84,134997,3498],{"class":102},[84,134999,854],{"class":387},[84,135001,7172],{"class":391},[84,135003,854],{"class":387},[84,135005,282],{"class":102},[84,135007,3230],{"class":387},[84,135009,12075],{"class":391},[84,135011,854],{"class":387},[84,135013,282],{"class":102},[84,135015,3230],{"class":387},[84,135017,133192],{"class":391},[84,135019,854],{"class":387},[84,135021,317],{"class":102},[84,135023,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135025,2110],{"class":90},[84,135027,95],{"class":94},[84,135029,6040],{"class":90},[84,135031,425],{"class":102},[84,135033,133211],{"class":121},[84,135035,103],{"class":102},[84,135037,854],{"class":387},[84,135039,3230],{"class":387},[84,135041,110],{"class":102},[24,135043,135044,135046],{},[15,135045,133134],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[24,135048,10687],{},[75,135050,135052],{"className":77,"code":135051,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135053,135054,135086,135106,135110],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135055,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135057,3943],{"class":90},[84,135059,95],{"class":94},[84,135061,3498],{"class":102},[84,135063,854],{"class":387},[84,135065,7172],{"class":391},[84,135067,854],{"class":387},[84,135069,282],{"class":102},[84,135071,3230],{"class":387},[84,135073,12075],{"class":391},[84,135075,854],{"class":387},[84,135077,282],{"class":102},[84,135079,3230],{"class":387},[84,135081,133192],{"class":391},[84,135083,854],{"class":387},[84,135085,317],{"class":102},[84,135087,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135089,2110],{"class":90},[84,135091,95],{"class":94},[84,135093,3230],{"class":387},[84,135095,3230],{"class":387},[84,135097,425],{"class":102},[84,135099,133211],{"class":121},[84,135101,103],{"class":102},[84,135103,3987],{"class":121},[84,135105,110],{"class":102},[84,135107,135108],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,135109,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,135111,135112,135114,135116,135118],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,135113,116],{"class":98},[84,135115,103],{"class":102},[84,135117,2145],{"class":121},[84,135119,110],{"class":102},[1667,135121,135123],{"id":135122},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[75,135125,135127],{"className":77,"code":135126,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135128,135129,135161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135130,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135132,3943],{"class":90},[84,135134,95],{"class":94},[84,135136,3498],{"class":102},[84,135138,854],{"class":387},[84,135140,6459],{"class":391},[84,135142,854],{"class":387},[84,135144,282],{"class":102},[84,135146,3230],{"class":387},[84,135148,79134],{"class":391},[84,135150,854],{"class":387},[84,135152,282],{"class":102},[84,135154,3230],{"class":387},[84,135156,133938],{"class":391},[84,135158,854],{"class":387},[84,135160,317],{"class":102},[84,135162,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135164,116],{"class":98},[84,135166,103],{"class":102},[84,135168,6144],{"class":387},[84,135170,425],{"class":102},[84,135172,133211],{"class":121},[84,135174,103],{"class":102},[84,135176,3987],{"class":121},[84,135178,232],{"class":102},[24,135180,265],{},[75,135182,135184],{"className":77,"code":135183,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"onetwothree\n",[15,135185,135186],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135187,135188],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135189,135183],{"class":90},[24,135191,135192,135193,6505],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135194,133279],{},[1667,135196,135198,135199,131402],{"id":135197},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135200,133134],{},[75,135202,135204],{"className":77,"code":135203,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135205,135206,135238,135256,135260],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135207,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135209,3943],{"class":90},[84,135211,95],{"class":94},[84,135213,3498],{"class":102},[84,135215,854],{"class":387},[84,135217,419],{"class":391},[84,135219,854],{"class":387},[84,135221,282],{"class":102},[84,135223,3230],{"class":387},[84,135225,4634],{"class":391},[84,135227,854],{"class":387},[84,135229,282],{"class":102},[84,135231,3230],{"class":387},[84,135233,9619],{"class":391},[84,135235,854],{"class":387},[84,135237,317],{"class":102},[84,135239,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135241,854],{"class":43200},[84,135243,1906],{"class":43204},[84,135245,854],{"class":43200},[84,135247,425],{"class":102},[84,135249,133211],{"class":121},[84,135251,103],{"class":102},[84,135253,3987],{"class":121},[84,135255,110],{"class":102},[84,135257,135258],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,135259,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,135261,135262,135264,135266,135268],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,135263,116],{"class":98},[84,135265,103],{"class":102},[84,135267,3987],{"class":121},[84,135269,110],{"class":102},[24,135271,265],{},[75,135273,135274],{"className":77,"code":42747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,135275,135276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135277,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135279,292],{"class":102},[84,135281,394],{"class":387},[84,135283,419],{"class":391},[84,135285,394],{"class":387},[84,135287,282],{"class":102},[84,135289,388],{"class":387},[84,135291,4634],{"class":391},[84,135293,394],{"class":387},[84,135295,282],{"class":102},[84,135297,388],{"class":387},[84,135299,9619],{"class":391},[84,135301,394],{"class":387},[84,135303,317],{"class":102},[24,135305,135306,135307,135309],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135308,133134],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[70,135311,135313,135315,135316],{"id":135312},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135314,133134],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135317,1943],{},[24,135319,10470,135320,28,135322,135324],{},[15,135321,133134],{},[15,135323,1943],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1667,135326,153,135328,135330],{"id":135327},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135329,1943],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[75,135332,135334],{"className":77,"code":135333,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135335,135336,135349,135362,135382,135386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135337,135338,135341,135343,135345,135347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135339,135340],{"class":90},"first ",[84,135342,95],{"class":94},[84,135344,3230],{"class":387},[84,135346,34744],{"class":391},[84,135348,3236],{"class":387},[84,135350,135351,135354,135356,135358,135360],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135352,135353],{"class":90},"second ",[84,135355,95],{"class":94},[84,135357,3230],{"class":387},[84,135359,89602],{"class":391},[84,135361,3236],{"class":387},[84,135363,135364,135366,135368,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,135365,2110],{"class":90},[84,135367,95],{"class":94},[84,135369,135370],{"class":90}," first ",[84,135372,1943],{"class":94},[84,135374,3230],{"class":387},[84,135376,3230],{"class":387},[84,135378,2336],{"class":94},[84,135380,135381],{"class":90}," second\n",[84,135383,135384],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,135385,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,135387,135388,135390,135392,135394],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,135389,116],{"class":98},[84,135391,103],{"class":102},[84,135393,2145],{"class":121},[84,135395,110],{"class":102},[24,135397,265],{},[75,135399,135401],{"className":77,"code":135400,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello World\n",[15,135402,135403],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135404,135405],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135406,135400],{"class":90},[1667,135408,153,135410,135412],{"id":135409},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135411,133134],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[75,135414,135416],{"className":77,"code":135415,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135417,135418,135460,135480,135484],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135419,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135439,135441,135443,135445,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135421,3943],{"class":90},[84,135423,95],{"class":94},[84,135425,3498],{"class":102},[84,135427,854],{"class":387},[84,135429,7172],{"class":391},[84,135431,854],{"class":387},[84,135433,282],{"class":102},[84,135435,3230],{"class":387},[84,135437,135438],{"class":391},"makes",[84,135440,854],{"class":387},[84,135442,282],{"class":102},[84,135444,3230],{"class":387},[84,135446,135447],{"class":391},"this",[84,135449,854],{"class":387},[84,135451,282],{"class":102},[84,135453,3230],{"class":387},[84,135455,133633],{"class":391},[84,135457,854],{"class":387},[84,135459,317],{"class":102},[84,135461,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135463,2110],{"class":90},[84,135465,95],{"class":94},[84,135467,3230],{"class":387},[84,135469,3230],{"class":387},[84,135471,425],{"class":102},[84,135473,133211],{"class":121},[84,135475,103],{"class":102},[84,135477,3987],{"class":121},[84,135479,110],{"class":102},[84,135481,135482],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,135483,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,135485,135486,135488,135490,135492],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,135487,116],{"class":98},[84,135489,103],{"class":102},[84,135491,2145],{"class":121},[84,135493,110],{"class":102},[24,135495,265],{},[75,135497,135499],{"className":77,"code":135498,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135500,135501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135502,135503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135504,135498],{"class":90},[24,135506,135507,135509],{},[15,135508,133134],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[33,135511,135512,135515,135518],{},[36,135513,135514],{},"You already have a list of strings",[36,135516,135517],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[36,135519,135520,135521,135523],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135522,1943],{}," operators",[24,135525,135526,135527,425],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[419,135528,135530],{"href":135529},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[70,135532,135534],{"id":135533},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[24,135536,8753,135537,135539],{},[15,135538,133134],{}," is not working, check these first:",[33,135541,135542,135545,135550,135559,135565],{},[36,135543,135544],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[36,135546,135547,135548],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135549,3653],{},[36,135551,135552,135553,1686,135556],{},"You may have written ",[15,135554,135555],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135557,135558],{},"string.join(...)",[36,135560,135561,135562,135564],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135563,133134],{}," to change the original iterable",[36,135566,135567],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[24,135569,1466],{},[75,135571,135573],{"className":77,"code":135572,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135574,135575,135589,135599,135623,135663],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135576,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135578,116],{"class":98},[84,135580,103],{"class":102},[84,135582,334],{"class":139},[84,135584,103],{"class":102},[84,135586,7687],{"class":121},[84,135588,232],{"class":102},[84,135590,135591,135593,135595,135597],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135592,116],{"class":98},[84,135594,103],{"class":102},[84,135596,7687],{"class":121},[84,135598,110],{"class":102},[84,135600,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,135602,116],{"class":98},[84,135604,2865],{"class":102},[84,135606,334],{"class":139},[84,135608,103],{"class":102},[84,135610,23191],{"class":121},[84,135612,125],{"class":102},[84,135614,3752],{"class":470},[84,135616,5834],{"class":121},[84,135618,476],{"class":470},[84,135620,5839],{"class":121},[84,135622,741],{"class":102},[84,135624,135625,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,135626,116],{"class":98},[84,135628,103],{"class":102},[84,135630,394],{"class":387},[84,135632,388],{"class":387},[84,135634,425],{"class":102},[84,135636,133211],{"class":121},[84,135638,2865],{"class":102},[84,135640,394],{"class":387},[84,135642,419],{"class":391},[84,135644,394],{"class":387},[84,135646,282],{"class":102},[84,135648,388],{"class":387},[84,135650,4634],{"class":391},[84,135652,394],{"class":387},[84,135654,282],{"class":102},[84,135656,388],{"class":387},[84,135658,9619],{"class":391},[84,135660,394],{"class":387},[84,135662,2878],{"class":102},[84,135664,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699,135701],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,135666,116],{"class":98},[84,135668,103],{"class":102},[84,135670,394],{"class":387},[84,135672,1263],{"class":391},[84,135674,394],{"class":387},[84,135676,425],{"class":102},[84,135678,133211],{"class":121},[84,135680,103],{"class":102},[84,135682,39730],{"class":98},[84,135684,103],{"class":102},[84,135686,3321],{"class":139},[84,135688,282],{"class":102},[84,135690,3498],{"class":102},[84,135692,838],{"class":106},[84,135694,282],{"class":102},[84,135696,304],{"class":106},[84,135698,282],{"class":102},[84,135700,309],{"class":106},[84,135702,37137],{"class":102},[24,135704,135705],{},"What these checks do:",[33,135707,135708,135716,135722,135728,135737],{},[36,135709,135710,135713,135714,7973],{},[15,135711,135712],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135715,7687],{},[36,135717,135718,135721],{},[15,135719,135720],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[36,135723,135724,135727],{},[15,135725,135726],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[36,135729,135730,135733,135734,135736],{},[15,135731,135732],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135735,133134],{}," behavior",[36,135738,135739,135742],{},[15,135740,135741],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[70,135744,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,135746,12586,135748,135750],{"id":135747},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135749,133134],{}," work with numbers?",[24,135752,135753,135754,135756,135757,425],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135755,133134],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135758,135759],{},"map(str, values)",[1667,135761,12586,135763,57031],{"id":135762},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135764,133134],{},[24,135766,135767],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1667,135769,28205,135771,62500],{"id":135770},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135772,133134],{},[24,135774,42024,135775,135777],{},[15,135776,133134],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1667,135779,5016,135781,39831],{"id":135780},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135782,135783],{},"''.join(words)",[24,135785,135786],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1667,135788,135790,135791,135793,135794,1689],{"id":135789},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135792,2884],{}," when using ",[15,135795,133134],{},[24,135797,135798],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[70,135800,1777],{"id":1776},[33,135802,135803,135808,135814,135820,135826],{},[36,135804,135805],{},[419,135806,135807],{"href":135529},"How to join strings in Python",[36,135809,135810],{},[419,135811,126052,135812,10620],{"href":128739},[15,135813,60397],{},[36,135815,135816],{},[419,135817,13,135818,424],{"href":42047},[15,135819,47552],{},[36,135821,135822],{},[419,135823,30223,135824],{"href":134972},[15,135825,134975],{},[36,135827,135828],{},[419,135829,124807],{"href":50844},[24,135831,97047,135832,135834],{},[15,135833,133134],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1814,135836,135837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":135839},[135840,135841,135843,135846,135853,135863,135871,135881,135888,135889,135901],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":133251,"depth":113,"text":135842},"What join() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":135844},[135845],{"id":48877,"depth":132,"text":48878},{"id":121582,"depth":113,"text":121583,"children":135847},[135848,135849,135850,135851],{"id":133598,"depth":132,"text":133599},{"id":133690,"depth":132,"text":133691},{"id":133791,"depth":132,"text":133792},{"id":133900,"depth":132,"text":135852},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134003,"depth":113,"text":134004,"children":135854},[135855,135857,135859,135861],{"id":134010,"depth":132,"text":135856},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134077,"depth":132,"text":135858},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134166,"depth":132,"text":135860},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134252,"depth":132,"text":135862},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134327,"depth":113,"text":134328,"children":135864},[135865,135866,135867,135869],{"id":134336,"depth":132,"text":134337},{"id":134419,"depth":132,"text":134420},{"id":134573,"depth":132,"text":135868},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134745,"depth":132,"text":135870},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134832,"depth":113,"text":135872,"children":135873},"Common errors with join()",[135874,135876,135878,135879],{"id":134841,"depth":132,"text":135875},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134978,"depth":132,"text":135877},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135122,"depth":132,"text":135123},{"id":135197,"depth":132,"text":135880},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135312,"depth":113,"text":135882,"children":135883},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135884,135886],{"id":135327,"depth":132,"text":135885},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135409,"depth":132,"text":135887},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135533,"depth":113,"text":135534},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":135890},[135891,135893,135895,135897,135899],{"id":135747,"depth":132,"text":135892},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135762,"depth":132,"text":135894},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135770,"depth":132,"text":135896},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135780,"depth":132,"text":135898},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135789,"depth":132,"text":135900},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133126,"description":135902},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135909,"title":135910,"body":135911,"description":137479,"extension":1845,"meta":137480,"navigation":237,"path":137481,"seo":137482,"stem":137483,"__hash__":137484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135912,"toc":137446},[135913,135918,135923,135925,135939,135984,135991,135996,136001,136003,136019,136028,136030,136032,136047,136049,136059,136061,136123,136125,136128,136189,136191,136207,136209,136222,136225,136272,136274,136280,136283,136286,136346,136354,136440,136444,136449,136451,136465,136468,136553,136556,136614,136625,136680,136682,136689,136695,136701,136745,136748,136795,136797,136799,136806,136808,136839,136842,136844,136875,136879,136882,136884,136924,136926,136969,136975,136980,136982,137009,137014,137017,137066,137070,137073,137148,137159,137162,137219,137226,137232,137240,137245,137252,137259,137277,137279,137333,137341,137343,137348,137351,137357,137363,137368,137371,137377,137383,137390,137398,137400,137443],[10,135914,123052,135916,11201],{"id":135915},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135917,123782],{},[24,135919,123057,135920,135922],{},[15,135921,123782],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[24,135924,23967],{},[33,135926,135927,135930,135933,135936],{},[36,135928,135929],{},"convert text to lowercase",[36,135931,135932],{},"compare text without case differences",[36,135934,135935],{},"clean up user input",[36,135937,135938],{},"make simple text matching easier",[75,135940,135942],{"className":77,"code":135941,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135943,135944,135957,135971],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135945,135946,135948,135950,135952,135955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135947,34565],{"class":90},[84,135949,95],{"class":94},[84,135951,3230],{"class":387},[84,135953,135954],{"class":391},"Hello WORLD",[84,135956,3236],{"class":387},[84,135958,135959,135961,135963,135965,135967,135969],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,135960,2110],{"class":90},[84,135962,95],{"class":94},[84,135964,42713],{"class":90},[84,135966,425],{"class":102},[84,135968,8517],{"class":121},[84,135970,8520],{"class":102},[84,135972,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,135974,116],{"class":98},[84,135976,103],{"class":102},[84,135978,2145],{"class":121},[84,135980,125],{"class":102},[84,135982,135983],{"class":128},"  # hello world\n",[24,135985,135986,88825,135988,135990],{},[42,135987,83683],{},[15,135989,123782],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[70,135992,429,135994,3554],{"id":135993},"what-lower-does",[15,135995,123782],{},[24,135997,135998,136000],{},[15,135999,123782],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[24,136002,12935],{},[33,136004,136005,136010,136013,136016],{},[36,136006,136007,136009],{},[15,136008,123782],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[36,136011,136012],{},"It works on string objects",[36,136014,136015],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[36,136017,136018],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[24,136020,124804,136021,136025,136026,425],{},[419,136022,136024],{"href":136023},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[419,136027,50845],{"href":50844},[70,136029,2038],{"id":2037},[24,136031,2041],{},[75,136033,136035],{"className":77,"code":136034,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.lower()\n",[15,136036,136037],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136038,136039,136041,136043,136045],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136040,61040],{"class":90},[84,136042,425],{"class":102},[84,136044,8517],{"class":121},[84,136046,8520],{"class":102},[24,136048,43522],{},[33,136050,136051,136053,136056],{},[36,136052,97225],{},[36,136054,136055],{},"You call it directly on a string",[36,136057,136058],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[24,136060,190],{},[75,136062,136064],{"className":77,"code":136063,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136065,136066,136089,136093,136106],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136067,136068,136070,136072,136074,136077,136079,136081,136083,136086],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136069,116],{"class":98},[84,136071,103],{"class":102},[84,136073,854],{"class":387},[84,136075,136076],{"class":391},"HELLO",[84,136078,854],{"class":387},[84,136080,425],{"class":102},[84,136082,8517],{"class":121},[84,136084,136085],{"class":102},"())",[84,136087,136088],{"class":128},"  # hello\n",[84,136090,136091],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136092,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136094,136095,136097,136099,136101,136104],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136096,7754],{"class":90},[84,136098,95],{"class":94},[84,136100,3230],{"class":387},[84,136102,136103],{"class":391},"PyThOn",[84,136105,3236],{"class":387},[84,136107,136108,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136109,116],{"class":98},[84,136111,103],{"class":102},[84,136113,7544],{"class":121},[84,136115,425],{"class":102},[84,136117,8517],{"class":121},[84,136119,136085],{"class":102},[84,136121,136122],{"class":128},"  # python\n",[70,136124,11355],{"id":11354},[24,136126,136127],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[75,136129,136131],{"className":77,"code":136130,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136132,136133,136145,136149,136164,136168,136179],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136134,136135,136137,136139,136141,136143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136136,34565],{"class":90},[84,136138,95],{"class":94},[84,136140,3230],{"class":387},[84,136142,135954],{"class":391},[84,136144,3236],{"class":387},[84,136146,136147],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136148,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136150,136151,136154,136156,136158,136160,136162],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136152,136153],{"class":90},"lower_text ",[84,136155,95],{"class":94},[84,136157,42713],{"class":90},[84,136159,425],{"class":102},[84,136161,8517],{"class":121},[84,136163,8520],{"class":102},[84,136165,136166],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136167,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136169,136170,136172,136174,136177],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,136171,116],{"class":98},[84,136173,103],{"class":102},[84,136175,136176],{"class":121},"lower_text",[84,136178,110],{"class":102},[84,136180,136181,136183,136185,136187],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,136182,116],{"class":98},[84,136184,103],{"class":102},[84,136186,34586],{"class":121},[84,136188,110],{"class":102},[24,136190,265],{},[75,136192,136194],{"className":77,"code":136193,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136195,136196,136200],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136197,136198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136199,134068],{"class":90},[84,136201,136202,136204],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136203,131468],{"class":90},[84,136205,136206],{"class":34330},"WORLD\n",[24,136208,24487],{},[33,136210,136211,136216],{},[36,136212,136213,136215],{},[15,136214,123782],{}," returns the lowercase result",[36,136217,136218,136219,136221],{},"the original ",[15,136220,34586],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[24,136223,136224],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[75,136226,136228],{"className":77,"code":136227,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136229,136230,136242,136256,136260],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136231,136232,136234,136236,136238,136240],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136233,34565],{"class":90},[84,136235,95],{"class":94},[84,136237,3230],{"class":387},[84,136239,135954],{"class":391},[84,136241,3236],{"class":387},[84,136243,136244,136246,136248,136250,136252,136254],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136245,34565],{"class":90},[84,136247,95],{"class":94},[84,136249,42713],{"class":90},[84,136251,425],{"class":102},[84,136253,8517],{"class":121},[84,136255,8520],{"class":102},[84,136257,136258],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136259,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136261,136262,136264,136266,136268,136270],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136263,116],{"class":98},[84,136265,103],{"class":102},[84,136267,34586],{"class":121},[84,136269,125],{"class":102},[84,136271,135983],{"class":128},[70,136273,17301],{"id":17300},[24,136275,136276,173,136278,425],{},[15,136277,123782],{},[42,136279,61040],{},[24,136281,136282],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[24,136284,136285],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[75,136287,136289],{"className":77,"code":136288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136290,136291,136305,136309,136332],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136292,136293,136296,136298,136300,136303],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136294,136295],{"class":90},"answer ",[84,136297,95],{"class":94},[84,136299,3230],{"class":387},[84,136301,136302],{"class":391},"YES",[84,136304,3236],{"class":387},[84,136306,136307],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136308,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136310,136311,136313,136316,136318,136320,136322,136324,136326,136328,136330],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136312,6872],{"class":470},[84,136314,136315],{"class":90}," answer",[84,136317,425],{"class":102},[84,136319,8517],{"class":121},[84,136321,7241],{"class":102},[84,136323,6281],{"class":94},[84,136325,3230],{"class":387},[84,136327,8535],{"class":391},[84,136329,854],{"class":387},[84,136331,6266],{"class":102},[84,136333,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342,136344],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136335,490],{"class":98},[84,136337,103],{"class":102},[84,136339,854],{"class":387},[84,136341,96534],{"class":391},[84,136343,854],{"class":387},[84,136345,110],{"class":102},[24,136347,136348,136349,881],{},"This is especially useful with ",[419,136350,136351,136352,2184],{"href":8096},"the ",[15,136353,2837],{},[75,136355,136357],{"className":77,"code":136356,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136358,136359,136378,136382,136404,136419,136425],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136360,136361,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371,136374,136376],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136362,136295],{"class":90},[84,136364,95],{"class":94},[84,136366,8119],{"class":98},[84,136368,103],{"class":102},[84,136370,854],{"class":387},[84,136372,136373],{"class":391},"Type yes or no: ",[84,136375,854],{"class":387},[84,136377,110],{"class":102},[84,136379,136380],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136381,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136383,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400,136402],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136385,6872],{"class":470},[84,136387,136315],{"class":90},[84,136389,425],{"class":102},[84,136391,8517],{"class":121},[84,136393,7241],{"class":102},[84,136395,6281],{"class":94},[84,136397,3230],{"class":387},[84,136399,8535],{"class":391},[84,136401,854],{"class":387},[84,136403,6266],{"class":102},[84,136405,136406,136408,136410,136412,136415,136417],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136407,490],{"class":98},[84,136409,103],{"class":102},[84,136411,854],{"class":387},[84,136413,136414],{"class":391},"You typed yes",[84,136416,854],{"class":387},[84,136418,110],{"class":102},[84,136420,136421,136423],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,136422,27310],{"class":470},[84,136424,6266],{"class":102},[84,136426,136427,136429,136431,136433,136436,136438],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,136428,490],{"class":98},[84,136430,103],{"class":102},[84,136432,854],{"class":387},[84,136434,136435],{"class":391},"You typed something else",[84,136437,854],{"class":387},[84,136439,110],{"class":102},[70,136441,136443],{"id":136442},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[24,136445,136446,136448],{},[15,136447,123782],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[24,136450,7218],{},[33,136452,136453,136456,136459,136462],{},[36,136454,136455],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[36,136457,136458],{},"Make text matching easier",[36,136460,136461],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[36,136463,136464],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[24,136466,136467],{},"Example: checking user input",[75,136469,136471],{"className":77,"code":136470,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136472,136473,136491,136495,136517,136532,136538],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136474,136475,136477,136479,136481,136483,136485,136487,136489],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136476,44831],{"class":90},[84,136478,95],{"class":94},[84,136480,8119],{"class":98},[84,136482,103],{"class":102},[84,136484,854],{"class":387},[84,136486,44842],{"class":391},[84,136488,854],{"class":387},[84,136490,110],{"class":102},[84,136492,136493],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136494,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136496,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507,136509,136511,136513,136515],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136498,6872],{"class":470},[84,136500,35727],{"class":90},[84,136502,425],{"class":102},[84,136504,8517],{"class":121},[84,136506,7241],{"class":102},[84,136508,6281],{"class":94},[84,136510,3230],{"class":387},[84,136512,12993],{"class":391},[84,136514,854],{"class":387},[84,136516,6266],{"class":102},[84,136518,136519,136521,136523,136525,136528,136530],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136520,490],{"class":98},[84,136522,103],{"class":102},[84,136524,854],{"class":387},[84,136526,136527],{"class":391},"Nice choice!",[84,136529,854],{"class":387},[84,136531,110],{"class":102},[84,136533,136534,136536],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,136535,27310],{"class":470},[84,136537,6266],{"class":102},[84,136539,136540,136542,136544,136546,136549,136551],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,136541,490],{"class":98},[84,136543,103],{"class":102},[84,136545,854],{"class":387},[84,136547,136548],{"class":391},"Got it.",[84,136550,854],{"class":387},[84,136552,110],{"class":102},[24,136554,136555],{},"Example: simple search",[75,136557,136559],{"className":77,"code":136558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136560,136561,136574,136578,136599],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136562,136563,136565,136567,136569,136572],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136564,89869],{"class":90},[84,136566,95],{"class":94},[84,136568,3230],{"class":387},[84,136570,136571],{"class":391},"Python Is Fun",[84,136573,3236],{"class":387},[84,136575,136576],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136577,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136579,136580,136582,136584,136586,136588,136590,136593,136595,136597],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136581,6872],{"class":470},[84,136583,3230],{"class":387},[84,136585,79],{"class":391},[84,136587,854],{"class":387},[84,136589,620],{"class":94},[84,136591,136592],{"class":90}," message",[84,136594,425],{"class":102},[84,136596,8517],{"class":121},[84,136598,21478],{"class":102},[84,136600,136601,136603,136605,136607,136610,136612],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136602,490],{"class":98},[84,136604,103],{"class":102},[84,136606,854],{"class":387},[84,136608,136609],{"class":391},"Found it",[84,136611,854],{"class":387},[84,136613,110],{"class":102},[24,136615,136616,136617,136619,136620,881],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136618,123782],{}," is often used with ",[419,136621,136623],{"href":136622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136624,41525],{},[75,136626,136628],{"className":77,"code":136627,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136629,136630,136643,136662,136666],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638,136641],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136633,7754],{"class":90},[84,136635,95],{"class":94},[84,136637,3230],{"class":387},[84,136639,136640],{"class":391},"  ALICE  ",[84,136642,3236],{"class":387},[84,136644,136645,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656,136658,136660],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136646,136647],{"class":90},"clean_name ",[84,136649,95],{"class":94},[84,136651,35868],{"class":90},[84,136653,425],{"class":102},[84,136655,8511],{"class":121},[84,136657,8514],{"class":102},[84,136659,8517],{"class":121},[84,136661,8520],{"class":102},[84,136663,136664],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136665,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136667,136668,136670,136672,136675,136677],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136669,116],{"class":98},[84,136671,103],{"class":102},[84,136673,136674],{"class":121},"clean_name",[84,136676,125],{"class":102},[84,136678,136679],{"class":128},"  # alice\n",[70,136681,1063],{"id":1062},[24,136683,136684,136685,136688],{},"Strings are ",[42,136686,136687],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[24,136690,136691,136692,136694],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136693,123782],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[24,136696,136697,136698,136700],{},"So this does ",[42,136699,1367],{}," update the original variable:",[75,136702,136704],{"className":77,"code":136703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136705,136706,136718,136728,136732],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136707,136708,136710,136712,136714,136716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136709,34565],{"class":90},[84,136711,95],{"class":94},[84,136713,3230],{"class":387},[84,136715,136076],{"class":391},[84,136717,3236],{"class":387},[84,136719,136720,136722,136724,136726],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136721,34586],{"class":90},[84,136723,425],{"class":102},[84,136725,8517],{"class":121},[84,136727,8520],{"class":102},[84,136729,136730],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136731,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136733,136734,136736,136738,136740,136742],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136735,116],{"class":98},[84,136737,103],{"class":102},[84,136739,34586],{"class":121},[84,136741,125],{"class":102},[84,136743,136744],{"class":128},"  # HELLO\n",[24,136746,136747],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[75,136749,136751],{"className":77,"code":136750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136752,136753,136765,136779,136783],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136754,136755,136757,136759,136761,136763],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136756,34565],{"class":90},[84,136758,95],{"class":94},[84,136760,3230],{"class":387},[84,136762,136076],{"class":391},[84,136764,3236],{"class":387},[84,136766,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775,136777],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136768,34565],{"class":90},[84,136770,95],{"class":94},[84,136772,42713],{"class":90},[84,136774,425],{"class":102},[84,136776,8517],{"class":121},[84,136778,8520],{"class":102},[84,136780,136781],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136782,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,136786,116],{"class":98},[84,136788,103],{"class":102},[84,136790,34586],{"class":121},[84,136792,125],{"class":102},[84,136794,136088],{"class":128},[70,136796,1434],{"id":1433},[1667,136798,25564],{"id":25563},[24,136800,136801,136802,1686,136804,425],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136803,8517],{},[15,136805,123782],{},[24,136807,16526],{},[75,136809,136811],{"className":77,"code":136810,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136812,136813,136825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136814,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136816,34565],{"class":90},[84,136818,95],{"class":94},[84,136820,3230],{"class":387},[84,136822,136076],{"class":391},[84,136824,3236],{"class":387},[84,136826,136827,136829,136831,136833,136835,136837],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136828,116],{"class":98},[84,136830,103],{"class":102},[84,136832,34586],{"class":121},[84,136834,425],{"class":102},[84,136836,8517],{"class":24629},[84,136838,110],{"class":102},[24,136840,136841],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[24,136843,16538],{},[75,136845,136847],{"className":77,"code":136846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136848,136849,136861],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136850,136851,136853,136855,136857,136859],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136852,34565],{"class":90},[84,136854,95],{"class":94},[84,136856,3230],{"class":387},[84,136858,136076],{"class":391},[84,136860,3236],{"class":387},[84,136862,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136864,116],{"class":98},[84,136866,103],{"class":102},[84,136868,34586],{"class":121},[84,136870,425],{"class":102},[84,136872,8517],{"class":121},[84,136874,7069],{"class":102},[1667,136876,136878],{"id":136877},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[24,136880,136881],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[24,136883,16526],{},[75,136885,136887],{"className":77,"code":136886,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136888,136889,136901,136911],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136890,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136892,34565],{"class":90},[84,136894,95],{"class":94},[84,136896,3230],{"class":387},[84,136898,136076],{"class":391},[84,136900,3236],{"class":387},[84,136902,136903,136905,136907,136909],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136904,34586],{"class":90},[84,136906,425],{"class":102},[84,136908,8517],{"class":121},[84,136910,8520],{"class":102},[84,136912,136913,136915,136917,136919,136921],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136914,116],{"class":98},[84,136916,103],{"class":102},[84,136918,34586],{"class":121},[84,136920,125],{"class":102},[84,136922,136923],{"class":128},"  # still HELLO\n",[24,136925,16538],{},[75,136927,136929],{"className":77,"code":136928,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136930,136931,136943,136957],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136932,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136934,34565],{"class":90},[84,136936,95],{"class":94},[84,136938,3230],{"class":387},[84,136940,136076],{"class":391},[84,136942,3236],{"class":387},[84,136944,136945,136947,136949,136951,136953,136955],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136946,34565],{"class":90},[84,136948,95],{"class":94},[84,136950,42713],{"class":90},[84,136952,425],{"class":102},[84,136954,8517],{"class":121},[84,136956,8520],{"class":102},[84,136958,136959,136961,136963,136965,136967],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,136960,116],{"class":98},[84,136962,103],{"class":102},[84,136964,34586],{"class":121},[84,136966,125],{"class":102},[84,136968,136088],{"class":128},[1667,136970,1442,136972,136974],{"id":136971},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136973,123782],{}," on a non-string value",[24,136976,136977,136979],{},[15,136978,123782],{}," only works on strings.",[24,136981,16526],{},[75,136983,136985],{"className":77,"code":136984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136986,136987,136995],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136988,136989,136991,136993],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136990,2097],{"class":90},[84,136992,95],{"class":94},[84,136994,124734],{"class":106},[84,136996,136997,136999,137001,137003,137005,137007],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,136998,116],{"class":98},[84,137000,103],{"class":102},[84,137002,2120],{"class":121},[84,137004,425],{"class":102},[84,137006,8517],{"class":121},[84,137008,7069],{"class":102},[24,137010,137011,137012,33478],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137013,123782],{},[24,137015,137016],{},"You can check the type first:",[75,137018,137020],{"className":77,"code":137019,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137021,137022,137034,137038,137052],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137023,137024,137026,137028,137030,137032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137025,34565],{"class":90},[84,137027,95],{"class":94},[84,137029,3230],{"class":387},[84,137031,136076],{"class":391},[84,137033,3236],{"class":387},[84,137035,137036],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137037,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,137039,137040,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137041,116],{"class":98},[84,137043,103],{"class":102},[84,137045,334],{"class":139},[84,137047,103],{"class":102},[84,137049,34586],{"class":121},[84,137051,232],{"class":102},[84,137053,137054,137056,137058,137060,137062,137064],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,137055,116],{"class":98},[84,137057,103],{"class":102},[84,137059,34586],{"class":121},[84,137061,425],{"class":102},[84,137063,8517],{"class":121},[84,137065,7069],{"class":102},[1667,137067,137069],{"id":137068},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[24,137071,137072],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[75,137074,137076],{"className":77,"code":137075,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137077,137078,137091,137095,137112,137127,137133],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137079,137080,137082,137084,137086,137089],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137081,136295],{"class":90},[84,137083,95],{"class":94},[84,137085,3230],{"class":387},[84,137087,137088],{"class":391},"Yes",[84,137090,3236],{"class":387},[84,137092,137093],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137094,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,137096,137097,137099,137102,137104,137106,137108,137110],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137098,6872],{"class":470},[84,137100,137101],{"class":90}," answer ",[84,137103,4561],{"class":94},[84,137105,3230],{"class":387},[84,137107,8535],{"class":391},[84,137109,854],{"class":387},[84,137111,6266],{"class":102},[84,137113,137114,137116,137118,137120,137123,137125],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,137115,490],{"class":98},[84,137117,103],{"class":102},[84,137119,854],{"class":387},[84,137121,137122],{"class":391},"Match",[84,137124,854],{"class":387},[84,137126,110],{"class":102},[84,137128,137129,137131],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,137130,27310],{"class":470},[84,137132,6266],{"class":102},[84,137134,137135,137137,137139,137141,137144,137146],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,137136,490],{"class":98},[84,137138,103],{"class":102},[84,137140,854],{"class":387},[84,137142,137143],{"class":391},"No match",[84,137145,854],{"class":387},[84,137147,110],{"class":102},[24,137149,28938,137150,28,137153,137156,137157,425],{},[15,137151,137152],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137154,137155],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137158,137143],{},[24,137160,137161],{},"Better:",[75,137163,137165],{"className":77,"code":137164,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137166,137167,137179,137183,137205],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137168,137169,137171,137173,137175,137177],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137170,136295],{"class":90},[84,137172,95],{"class":94},[84,137174,3230],{"class":387},[84,137176,137088],{"class":391},[84,137178,3236],{"class":387},[84,137180,137181],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137182,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,137184,137185,137187,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197,137199,137201,137203],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137186,6872],{"class":470},[84,137188,136315],{"class":90},[84,137190,425],{"class":102},[84,137192,8517],{"class":121},[84,137194,7241],{"class":102},[84,137196,6281],{"class":94},[84,137198,3230],{"class":387},[84,137200,8535],{"class":391},[84,137202,854],{"class":387},[84,137204,6266],{"class":102},[84,137206,137207,137209,137211,137213,137215,137217],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,137208,490],{"class":98},[84,137210,103],{"class":102},[84,137212,854],{"class":387},[84,137214,137122],{"class":391},[84,137216,854],{"class":387},[84,137218,110],{"class":102},[1667,137220,44085,137222,137225],{"id":137221},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137223,137224],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[24,137227,137228,137229,137231],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137230,123782],{}," is enough.",[24,137233,137234,137235,137237,137238,425],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137236,137224],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137239,123782],{},[24,137241,137242,137243,122294],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137244,123782],{},[70,137246,137248,18,137250],{"id":137247},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137249,123782],{},[15,137251,127930],{},[24,137253,137254,28,137256,137258],{},[15,137255,123782],{},[15,137257,127930],{}," are very similar.",[33,137260,137261,137266,137271,137274],{},[36,137262,137263,137265],{},[15,137264,123782],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[36,137267,137268,137270],{},[15,137269,127930],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[36,137272,137273],{},"Both return new strings",[36,137275,137276],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[24,137278,190],{},[75,137280,137282],{"className":77,"code":137281,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137283,137284,137296,137300,137316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137285,137286,137288,137290,137292,137294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137287,34565],{"class":90},[84,137289,95],{"class":94},[84,137291,3230],{"class":387},[84,137293,128771],{"class":391},[84,137295,3236],{"class":387},[84,137297,137298],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137299,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,137301,137302,137304,137306,137308,137310,137312,137314],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137303,116],{"class":98},[84,137305,103],{"class":102},[84,137307,34586],{"class":121},[84,137309,425],{"class":102},[84,137311,8517],{"class":121},[84,137313,136085],{"class":102},[84,137315,135983],{"class":128},[84,137317,137318,137320,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,137319,116],{"class":98},[84,137321,103],{"class":102},[84,137323,34586],{"class":121},[84,137325,425],{"class":102},[84,137327,34355],{"class":121},[84,137329,136085],{"class":102},[84,137331,137332],{"class":128},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[24,137334,137335,137336,425],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[419,137337,126052,137339,10620],{"href":137338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137340,127930],{},[70,137342,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,137344,12586,137346,124379],{"id":137345},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137347,123782],{},[24,137349,137350],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1667,137352,12586,137354,137356],{"id":137353},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137355,123782],{}," take any arguments?",[24,137358,137359,137360,425],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137361,137362],{},"string.lower()",[1667,137364,5016,137366,12598],{"id":137365},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137367,123782],{},[24,137369,137370],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1667,137372,28205,137374,137376],{"id":137373},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137375,123782],{}," on user input?",[24,137378,137379,137380,137382],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137381,2837],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1667,137384,5053,137386,28,137388,1689],{"id":137385},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137387,123782],{},[15,137389,137224],{},[24,137391,137392,137394,137395,137397],{},[15,137393,123782],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137396,137224],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[70,137399,1777],{"id":1776},[33,137401,137402,137406,137412,137418,137424,137428,137432,137438],{},[36,137403,137404],{},[419,137405,50845],{"href":50844},[36,137407,137408],{},[419,137409,126052,137410,10620],{"href":137338},[15,137411,127930],{},[36,137413,137414],{},[419,137415,126052,137416,10620],{"href":136622},[15,137417,41525],{},[36,137419,137420],{},[419,137421,126052,137422,10620],{"href":129633},[15,137423,124223],{},[36,137425,137426],{},[419,137427,124451],{"href":123307},[36,137429,137430],{},[419,137431,90545],{"href":89554},[36,137433,137434],{},[419,137435,13,137436,424],{"href":8096},[15,137437,2837],{},[36,137439,137440],{},[419,137441,137442],{"href":136023},"What is a string in Python?",[1814,137444,137445],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":137447},[137448,137450,137451,137452,137453,137454,137455,137464,137466,137478],{"id":135993,"depth":113,"text":137449},"What lower() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":136442,"depth":113,"text":136443},{"id":1062,"depth":113,"text":1063},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":137456},[137457,137458,137459,137461,137462],{"id":25563,"depth":132,"text":25564},{"id":136877,"depth":132,"text":136878},{"id":136971,"depth":132,"text":137460},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137068,"depth":132,"text":137069},{"id":137221,"depth":132,"text":137463},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137247,"depth":113,"text":137465},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":137467},[137468,137470,137472,137474,137476],{"id":137345,"depth":132,"text":137469},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137353,"depth":132,"text":137471},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137365,"depth":132,"text":137473},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137373,"depth":132,"text":137475},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137385,"depth":132,"text":137477},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135910,"description":137479},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137486,"title":137487,"body":137488,"description":139038,"extension":1845,"meta":139039,"navigation":237,"path":139040,"seo":139041,"stem":139042,"__hash__":139043},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137489,"toc":138999},[137490,137495,137500,137506,137521,137523,137583,137585,137594,137600,137605,137610,137612,137626,137630,137632,137679,137681,137699,137701,137704,137775,137777,137791,137794,137806,137815,137819,137824,137829,137833,137899,137901,137910,137914,137979,137981,137990,137993,137998,138002,138007,138011,138072,138074,138083,138087,138090,138146,138148,138157,138160,138173,138175,138179,138186,138248,138250,138263,138269,138272,138279,138284,138289,138292,138300,138302,138363,138365,138374,138377,138424,138427,138474,138476,138481,138498,138505,138510,138563,138565,138573,138575,138632,138634,138642,138646,138693,138695,138703,138711,138715,138763,138765,138774,138779,138830,138832,138841,138848,138851,138872,138874,138879,138882,138886,138889,138893,138896,138923,138929,138932,138959,138964,138966,138968,138996],[10,137491,123052,137493,11201],{"id":137492},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137494,124223],{},[24,137496,123057,137497,137499],{},[15,137498,124223],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[24,137501,137502,137503,137505],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137504,124223],{},". You will learn:",[33,137507,137508,137512,137515,137518],{},[36,137509,25896,137510,3554],{},[15,137511,124223],{},[36,137513,137514],{},"how its syntax works",[36,137516,137517],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[36,137519,137520],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[70,137522,1887],{"id":1886},[75,137524,137526],{"className":77,"code":137525,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137527,137528,137541,137573],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137529,137530,137532,137534,137536,137539],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137531,34565],{"class":90},[84,137533,95],{"class":94},[84,137535,3230],{"class":387},[84,137537,137538],{"class":391},"I like cats",[84,137540,3236],{"class":387},[84,137542,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557,137560,137562,137564,137566,137569,137571],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137544,129891],{"class":90},[84,137546,95],{"class":94},[84,137548,42713],{"class":90},[84,137550,425],{"class":102},[84,137552,34876],{"class":121},[84,137554,103],{"class":102},[84,137556,854],{"class":387},[84,137558,137559],{"class":391},"cats",[84,137561,854],{"class":387},[84,137563,282],{"class":102},[84,137565,3230],{"class":387},[84,137567,137568],{"class":391},"dogs",[84,137570,854],{"class":387},[84,137572,110],{"class":102},[84,137574,137575,137577,137579,137581],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137576,116],{"class":98},[84,137578,103],{"class":102},[84,137580,129922],{"class":121},[84,137582,110],{"class":102},[24,137584,265],{},[75,137586,137588],{"className":77,"code":137587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"I like dogs\n",[15,137589,137590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137591,137592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137593,137587],{"class":90},[24,137595,153,137596,137599],{},[15,137597,137598],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[70,137601,429,137603,3554],{"id":137602},"what-replace-does",[15,137604,124223],{},[24,137606,137607,137609],{},[15,137608,124223],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[24,137611,12935],{},[33,137613,137614,137616,137618,137621],{},[36,137615,133300],{},[36,137617,136018],{},[36,137619,137620],{},"It works on exact matches",[36,137622,137623,137624],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137625,41131],{},[24,137627,124804,137628,425],{},[419,137629,124807],{"href":50844},[70,137631,5305],{"id":5304},[75,137633,137635],{"className":77,"code":137634,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137636,137637,137657],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137638,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647,137650,137652,137655],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137640,61040],{"class":90},[84,137642,425],{"class":102},[84,137644,34876],{"class":121},[84,137646,103],{"class":102},[84,137648,137649],{"class":121},"old",[84,137651,282],{"class":102},[84,137653,137654],{"class":121}," new",[84,137656,110],{"class":102},[84,137658,137659,137661,137663,137665,137667,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137660,61040],{"class":90},[84,137662,425],{"class":102},[84,137664,34876],{"class":121},[84,137666,103],{"class":102},[84,137668,137649],{"class":121},[84,137670,282],{"class":102},[84,137672,137654],{"class":121},[84,137674,282],{"class":102},[84,137676,49470],{"class":121},[84,137678,110],{"class":102},[1667,137680,17277],{"id":17276},[33,137682,137683,137688,137694],{},[36,137684,137685,137687],{},[15,137686,137649],{}," = the text to find",[36,137689,137690,137693],{},[15,137691,137692],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[36,137695,137696,137698],{},[15,137697,41131],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[70,137700,5661],{"id":5660},[24,137702,137703],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[75,137705,137707],{"className":77,"code":137706,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137708,137709,137721,137751,137755,137765],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137710,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137712,34565],{"class":90},[84,137714,95],{"class":94},[84,137716,3230],{"class":387},[84,137718,137538],{"class":391},[84,137720,3236],{"class":387},[84,137722,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733,137735,137737,137739,137741,137743,137745,137747,137749],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137724,129891],{"class":90},[84,137726,95],{"class":94},[84,137728,42713],{"class":90},[84,137730,425],{"class":102},[84,137732,34876],{"class":121},[84,137734,103],{"class":102},[84,137736,854],{"class":387},[84,137738,137559],{"class":391},[84,137740,854],{"class":387},[84,137742,282],{"class":102},[84,137744,3230],{"class":387},[84,137746,137568],{"class":391},[84,137748,854],{"class":387},[84,137750,110],{"class":102},[84,137752,137753],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137754,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,137756,137757,137759,137761,137763],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,137758,116],{"class":98},[84,137760,103],{"class":102},[84,137762,34586],{"class":121},[84,137764,110],{"class":102},[84,137766,137767,137769,137771,137773],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,137768,116],{"class":98},[84,137770,103],{"class":102},[84,137772,129922],{"class":121},[84,137774,110],{"class":102},[24,137776,265],{},[75,137778,137780],{"className":77,"code":137779,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137781,137782,137787],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137783,137784],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137785,137786],{"class":90},"I like cats\n",[84,137788,137789],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137790,137587],{"class":90},[24,137792,137793],{},"Notice what happened:",[33,137795,137796,137801],{},[36,137797,137798,137800],{},[15,137799,34586],{}," did not change",[36,137802,137803,137805],{},[15,137804,129922],{}," contains the updated value",[24,137807,137808,137809,137811,137812,137814],{},"This happens because strings are ",[42,137810,136687],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137813,124223],{}," return a new string instead.",[70,137816,137818],{"id":137817},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[24,137820,89563,137821,137823],{},[15,137822,124223],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[24,137825,137826,137827,36493],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137828,41131],{},[1667,137830,137832],{"id":137831},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[75,137834,137836],{"className":77,"code":137835,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137837,137838,137851,137885,137889],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137839,137840,137842,137844,137846,137849],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137841,34565],{"class":90},[84,137843,95],{"class":94},[84,137845,3230],{"class":387},[84,137847,137848],{"class":391},"cat cat cat",[84,137850,3236],{"class":387},[84,137852,137853,137855,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865,137867,137869,137871,137873,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137854,2110],{"class":90},[84,137856,95],{"class":94},[84,137858,42713],{"class":90},[84,137860,425],{"class":102},[84,137862,34876],{"class":121},[84,137864,103],{"class":102},[84,137866,854],{"class":387},[84,137868,36919],{"class":391},[84,137870,854],{"class":387},[84,137872,282],{"class":102},[84,137874,3230],{"class":387},[84,137876,57995],{"class":391},[84,137878,854],{"class":387},[84,137880,282],{"class":102},[84,137882,299],{"class":106},[84,137884,110],{"class":102},[84,137886,137887],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137888,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,137890,137891,137893,137895,137897],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,137892,116],{"class":98},[84,137894,103],{"class":102},[84,137896,2145],{"class":121},[84,137898,110],{"class":102},[24,137900,265],{},[75,137902,137904],{"className":77,"code":137903,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137905,137906],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137907,137908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137909,137903],{"class":90},[1667,137911,137913],{"id":137912},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[75,137915,137917],{"className":77,"code":137916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137918,137919,137931,137965,137969],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137920,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137922,34565],{"class":90},[84,137924,95],{"class":94},[84,137926,3230],{"class":387},[84,137928,137848],{"class":391},[84,137930,3236],{"class":387},[84,137932,137933,137935,137937,137939,137941,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,137934,2110],{"class":90},[84,137936,95],{"class":94},[84,137938,42713],{"class":90},[84,137940,425],{"class":102},[84,137942,34876],{"class":121},[84,137944,103],{"class":102},[84,137946,854],{"class":387},[84,137948,36919],{"class":391},[84,137950,854],{"class":387},[84,137952,282],{"class":102},[84,137954,3230],{"class":387},[84,137956,57995],{"class":391},[84,137958,854],{"class":387},[84,137960,282],{"class":102},[84,137962,304],{"class":106},[84,137964,110],{"class":102},[84,137966,137967],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,137968,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,137970,137971,137973,137975,137977],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,137972,116],{"class":98},[84,137974,103],{"class":102},[84,137976,2145],{"class":121},[84,137978,110],{"class":102},[24,137980,265],{},[75,137982,137984],{"className":77,"code":137983,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137985,137986],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137987,137988],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137989,137983],{"class":90},[24,137991,137992],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[24,137994,137995,137996,425],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[419,137997,127776],{"href":124220},[70,137999,138001],{"id":138000},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[24,138003,138004,138006],{},[15,138005,124223],{}," can also change single characters.",[1667,138008,138010],{"id":138009},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[75,138012,138014],{"className":77,"code":138013,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138015,138016,138028,138058,138062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138017,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138019,34565],{"class":90},[84,138021,95],{"class":94},[84,138023,3230],{"class":387},[84,138025,3961],{"class":391},[84,138027,3236],{"class":387},[84,138029,138030,138032,138034,138036,138038,138040,138042,138044,138046,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138031,2110],{"class":90},[84,138033,95],{"class":94},[84,138035,42713],{"class":90},[84,138037,425],{"class":102},[84,138039,34876],{"class":121},[84,138041,103],{"class":102},[84,138043,854],{"class":387},[84,138045,419],{"class":391},[84,138047,854],{"class":387},[84,138049,282],{"class":102},[84,138051,3230],{"class":387},[84,138053,60340],{"class":391},[84,138055,854],{"class":387},[84,138057,110],{"class":102},[84,138059,138060],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,138061,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,138063,138064,138066,138068,138070],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,138065,116],{"class":98},[84,138067,103],{"class":102},[84,138069,2145],{"class":121},[84,138071,110],{"class":102},[24,138073,265],{},[75,138075,138077],{"className":77,"code":138076,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bonono\n",[15,138078,138079],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138080,138081],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138082,138076],{"class":90},[1667,138084,138086],{"id":138085},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[24,138088,138089],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[75,138091,138093],{"className":77,"code":138092,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138094,138095,138108,138132,138136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138096,138097,138099,138101,138103,138106],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138098,34565],{"class":90},[84,138100,95],{"class":94},[84,138102,3230],{"class":387},[84,138104,138105],{"class":391},"a b c",[84,138107,3236],{"class":387},[84,138109,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138111,2110],{"class":90},[84,138113,95],{"class":94},[84,138115,42713],{"class":90},[84,138117,425],{"class":102},[84,138119,34876],{"class":121},[84,138121,103],{"class":102},[84,138123,854],{"class":387},[84,138125,3230],{"class":387},[84,138127,282],{"class":102},[84,138129,5998],{"class":387},[84,138131,110],{"class":102},[84,138133,138134],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,138135,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,138137,138138,138140,138142,138144],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,138139,116],{"class":98},[84,138141,103],{"class":102},[84,138143,2145],{"class":121},[84,138145,110],{"class":102},[24,138147,265],{},[75,138149,138151],{"className":77,"code":138150,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"abc\n",[15,138152,138153],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138154,138155],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138156,138150],{"class":90},[24,138158,138159],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[24,138161,138162,138163,138167,138168,138172],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[419,138164,126052,138165,10620],{"href":128739},[15,138166,60397],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[419,138169,126052,138170,10620],{"href":136622},[15,138171,41525],{}," is often a better choice.",[70,138174,123699],{"id":123698},[24,138176,138177,123510],{},[15,138178,124223],{},[24,138180,127097,138181,28,138183,127104],{},[15,138182,112736],{},[15,138184,138185],{},"\"Cat\"",[75,138187,138189],{"className":77,"code":138188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138190,138191,138204,138234,138238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138192,138193,138195,138197,138199,138202],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138194,34565],{"class":90},[84,138196,95],{"class":94},[84,138198,3230],{"class":387},[84,138200,138201],{"class":391},"Cat cat CAT",[84,138203,3236],{"class":387},[84,138205,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138207,2110],{"class":90},[84,138209,95],{"class":94},[84,138211,42713],{"class":90},[84,138213,425],{"class":102},[84,138215,34876],{"class":121},[84,138217,103],{"class":102},[84,138219,854],{"class":387},[84,138221,36919],{"class":391},[84,138223,854],{"class":387},[84,138225,282],{"class":102},[84,138227,3230],{"class":387},[84,138229,57995],{"class":391},[84,138231,854],{"class":387},[84,138233,110],{"class":102},[84,138235,138236],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,138237,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,138241,116],{"class":98},[84,138243,103],{"class":102},[84,138245,2145],{"class":121},[84,138247,110],{"class":102},[24,138249,265],{},[75,138251,138253],{"className":77,"code":138252,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138254,138255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138256,138257,138260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138258,138259],{"class":90},"Cat dog ",[84,138261,138262],{"class":34330},"CAT\n",[24,138264,138265,138266,138268],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138267,112736],{}," was replaced.",[24,138270,138271],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[24,138273,138274,138275,425],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[419,138276,126052,138277,10620],{"href":123779},[15,138278,123782],{},[70,138280,429,138282,11586],{"id":138281},"what-replace-returns",[15,138283,124223],{},[24,138285,138286,138288],{},[15,138287,124223],{}," returns a new string.",[24,138290,138291],{},"If no match is found:",[33,138293,138294,138297],{},[36,138295,138296],{},"no error happens",[36,138298,138299],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[24,138301,190],{},[75,138303,138305],{"className":77,"code":138304,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138306,138307,138319,138349,138353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138310,34565],{"class":90},[84,138312,95],{"class":94},[84,138314,3230],{"class":387},[84,138316,3721],{"class":391},[84,138318,3236],{"class":387},[84,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138322,2110],{"class":90},[84,138324,95],{"class":94},[84,138326,42713],{"class":90},[84,138328,425],{"class":102},[84,138330,34876],{"class":121},[84,138332,103],{"class":102},[84,138334,854],{"class":387},[84,138336,2055],{"class":391},[84,138338,854],{"class":387},[84,138340,282],{"class":102},[84,138342,3230],{"class":387},[84,138344,11626],{"class":391},[84,138346,854],{"class":387},[84,138348,110],{"class":102},[84,138350,138351],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,138352,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,138354,138355,138357,138359,138361],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,138356,116],{"class":98},[84,138358,103],{"class":102},[84,138360,2145],{"class":121},[84,138362,110],{"class":102},[24,138364,265],{},[75,138366,138368],{"className":77,"code":138367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello\n",[15,138369,138370],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138371,138372],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138373,138367],{"class":90},[24,138375,138376],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[75,138378,138380],{"className":77,"code":138379,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138381,138382,138394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138383,138384,138386,138388,138390,138392],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138385,34565],{"class":90},[84,138387,95],{"class":94},[84,138389,3230],{"class":387},[84,138391,60273],{"class":391},[84,138393,3236],{"class":387},[84,138395,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138397,129891],{"class":90},[84,138399,95],{"class":94},[84,138401,42713],{"class":90},[84,138403,425],{"class":102},[84,138405,34876],{"class":121},[84,138407,103],{"class":102},[84,138409,854],{"class":387},[84,138411,60457],{"class":391},[84,138413,854],{"class":387},[84,138415,282],{"class":102},[84,138417,3230],{"class":387},[84,138419,7172],{"class":391},[84,138421,854],{"class":387},[84,138423,110],{"class":102},[24,138425,138426],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[75,138428,138430],{"className":77,"code":138429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138431,138432,138444],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138433,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138435,34565],{"class":90},[84,138437,95],{"class":94},[84,138439,3230],{"class":387},[84,138441,60273],{"class":391},[84,138443,3236],{"class":387},[84,138445,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138447,34565],{"class":90},[84,138449,95],{"class":94},[84,138451,42713],{"class":90},[84,138453,425],{"class":102},[84,138455,34876],{"class":121},[84,138457,103],{"class":102},[84,138459,854],{"class":387},[84,138461,60457],{"class":391},[84,138463,854],{"class":387},[84,138465,282],{"class":102},[84,138467,3230],{"class":387},[84,138469,7172],{"class":391},[84,138471,854],{"class":387},[84,138473,110],{"class":102},[70,138475,4393],{"id":4392},[24,138477,138478,138479,881],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138480,124223],{},[33,138482,138483,138486,138490,138493],{},[36,138484,138485],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[36,138487,8329,138488,131272],{},[15,138489,124223],{},[36,138491,138492],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[36,138494,37076,138495,138497],{},[15,138496,124223],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1667,138499,138501,138502,138504],{"id":138500},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138503,124223],{}," without assigning the result",[24,138506,138507,138508,881],{},"This does not update ",[15,138509,34586],{},[75,138511,138513],{"className":77,"code":138512,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138514,138515,138527,138553],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138516,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138518,34565],{"class":90},[84,138520,95],{"class":94},[84,138522,3230],{"class":387},[84,138524,137538],{"class":391},[84,138526,3236],{"class":387},[84,138528,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138530,34586],{"class":90},[84,138532,425],{"class":102},[84,138534,34876],{"class":121},[84,138536,103],{"class":102},[84,138538,854],{"class":387},[84,138540,137559],{"class":391},[84,138542,854],{"class":387},[84,138544,282],{"class":102},[84,138546,3230],{"class":387},[84,138548,137568],{"class":391},[84,138550,854],{"class":387},[84,138552,110],{"class":102},[84,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,138556,116],{"class":98},[84,138558,103],{"class":102},[84,138560,34586],{"class":121},[84,138562,110],{"class":102},[24,138564,265],{},[75,138566,138567],{"className":77,"code":137786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,138568,138569],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138570,138571],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138572,137786],{"class":90},[24,138574,10687],{},[75,138576,138578],{"className":77,"code":138577,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138579,138580,138592,138622],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138581,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138583,34565],{"class":90},[84,138585,95],{"class":94},[84,138587,3230],{"class":387},[84,138589,137538],{"class":391},[84,138591,3236],{"class":387},[84,138593,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138595,34565],{"class":90},[84,138597,95],{"class":94},[84,138599,42713],{"class":90},[84,138601,425],{"class":102},[84,138603,34876],{"class":121},[84,138605,103],{"class":102},[84,138607,854],{"class":387},[84,138609,137559],{"class":391},[84,138611,854],{"class":387},[84,138613,282],{"class":102},[84,138615,3230],{"class":387},[84,138617,137568],{"class":391},[84,138619,854],{"class":387},[84,138621,110],{"class":102},[84,138623,138624,138626,138628,138630],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,138625,116],{"class":98},[84,138627,103],{"class":102},[84,138629,34586],{"class":121},[84,138631,110],{"class":102},[24,138633,265],{},[75,138635,138636],{"className":77,"code":137587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,138637,138638],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138639,138640],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138641,137587],{"class":90},[1667,138643,138645],{"id":138644},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[75,138647,138649],{"className":77,"code":138648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138650,138651,138663],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138652,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138654,34565],{"class":90},[84,138656,95],{"class":94},[84,138658,3230],{"class":387},[84,138660,34744],{"class":391},[84,138662,3236],{"class":387},[84,138664,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138666,116],{"class":98},[84,138668,103],{"class":102},[84,138670,34586],{"class":121},[84,138672,425],{"class":102},[84,138674,34876],{"class":121},[84,138676,103],{"class":102},[84,138678,854],{"class":387},[84,138680,3721],{"class":391},[84,138682,854],{"class":387},[84,138684,282],{"class":102},[84,138686,3230],{"class":387},[84,138688,89798],{"class":391},[84,138690,854],{"class":387},[84,138692,232],{"class":102},[24,138694,265],{},[75,138696,138697],{"className":77,"code":88811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,138698,138699],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138700,138701],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138702,88811],{"class":90},[24,138704,138705,138706,28,138708,138710],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138707,64399],{},[15,138709,90280],{}," are not the same.",[1667,138712,138714],{"id":138713},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[75,138716,138718],{"className":77,"code":138717,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138719,138720,138733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138721,138722,138724,138726,138728,138731],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138723,34565],{"class":90},[84,138725,95],{"class":94},[84,138727,3230],{"class":387},[84,138729,138730],{"class":391},"red red red",[84,138732,3236],{"class":387},[84,138734,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138736,116],{"class":98},[84,138738,103],{"class":102},[84,138740,34586],{"class":121},[84,138742,425],{"class":102},[84,138744,34876],{"class":121},[84,138746,103],{"class":102},[84,138748,854],{"class":387},[84,138750,12976],{"class":391},[84,138752,854],{"class":387},[84,138754,282],{"class":102},[84,138756,3230],{"class":387},[84,138758,12993],{"class":391},[84,138760,854],{"class":387},[84,138762,232],{"class":102},[24,138764,265],{},[75,138766,138768],{"className":77,"code":138767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138769,138770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138771,138772],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138773,138767],{"class":90},[24,138775,138776,138777,881],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138778,41131],{},[75,138780,138782],{"className":77,"code":138781,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138783,138784,138796],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138785,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138787,34565],{"class":90},[84,138789,95],{"class":94},[84,138791,3230],{"class":387},[84,138793,138730],{"class":391},[84,138795,3236],{"class":387},[84,138797,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,138799,116],{"class":98},[84,138801,103],{"class":102},[84,138803,34586],{"class":121},[84,138805,425],{"class":102},[84,138807,34876],{"class":121},[84,138809,103],{"class":102},[84,138811,854],{"class":387},[84,138813,12976],{"class":391},[84,138815,854],{"class":387},[84,138817,282],{"class":102},[84,138819,3230],{"class":387},[84,138821,12993],{"class":391},[84,138823,854],{"class":387},[84,138825,282],{"class":102},[84,138827,299],{"class":106},[84,138829,232],{"class":102},[24,138831,265],{},[75,138833,138835],{"className":77,"code":138834,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"blue red red\n",[15,138836,138837],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138838,138839],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138840,138834],{"class":90},[1667,138842,138844,138845,138847],{"id":138843},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138846,124223],{}," for the wrong task",[24,138849,138850],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[33,138852,138853,138860,138867],{},[36,138854,153,138855,138859],{},[419,138856,138857],{"href":128739},[15,138858,60397],{}," to break a string into a list",[36,138861,153,138862,138866],{},[419,138863,138864],{"href":136622},[15,138865,41525],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[36,138868,153,138869,138871],{},[15,138870,124223],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[70,138873,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,138875,12586,138877,124379],{"id":138876},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138878,124223],{},[24,138880,138881],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1667,138883,138885],{"id":138884},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[24,138887,138888],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1667,138890,138892],{"id":138891},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[24,138894,138895],{},"Use the third argument:",[75,138897,138899],{"className":77,"code":138898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138900,138901],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138902,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138904,34586],{"class":90},[84,138906,425],{"class":102},[84,138908,34876],{"class":121},[84,138910,103],{"class":102},[84,138912,137649],{"class":121},[84,138914,282],{"class":102},[84,138916,137654],{"class":121},[84,138918,282],{"class":102},[84,138920,299],{"class":106},[84,138922,110],{"class":102},[1667,138924,5043,138926,138928],{"id":138925},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138927,124223],{}," remove text?",[24,138930,138931],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[75,138933,138935],{"className":77,"code":138934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138936,138937],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138938,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138940,34586],{"class":90},[84,138942,425],{"class":102},[84,138944,34876],{"class":121},[84,138946,103],{"class":102},[84,138948,854],{"class":387},[84,138950,2055],{"class":391},[84,138952,854],{"class":387},[84,138954,282],{"class":102},[84,138956,5998],{"class":387},[84,138958,110],{"class":102},[1667,138960,1670,138962,124388],{"id":138961},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138963,124223],{},[24,138965,129581],{},[70,138967,1777],{"id":1776},[33,138969,138970,138974,138980,138986,138992],{},[36,138971,138972],{},[419,138973,124458],{"href":124220},[36,138975,138976],{},[419,138977,126052,138978,10620],{"href":128739},[15,138979,60397],{},[36,138981,138982],{},[419,138983,126052,138984,10620],{"href":136622},[15,138985,41525],{},[36,138987,138988],{},[419,138989,126052,138990,10620],{"href":123779},[15,138991,123782],{},[36,138993,138994],{},[419,138995,124807],{"href":50844},[1814,138997,138998],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":139000},[139001,139002,139004,139007,139008,139012,139016,139017,139019,139027,139037],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":137602,"depth":113,"text":139003},"What replace() does",{"id":5304,"depth":113,"text":5305,"children":139005},[139006],{"id":17276,"depth":132,"text":17277},{"id":5660,"depth":113,"text":5661},{"id":137817,"depth":113,"text":137818,"children":139009},[139010,139011],{"id":137831,"depth":132,"text":137832},{"id":137912,"depth":132,"text":137913},{"id":138000,"depth":113,"text":138001,"children":139013},[139014,139015],{"id":138009,"depth":132,"text":138010},{"id":138085,"depth":132,"text":138086},{"id":123698,"depth":113,"text":123699},{"id":138281,"depth":113,"text":139018},"What replace() returns",{"id":4392,"depth":113,"text":4393,"children":139020},[139021,139023,139024,139025],{"id":138500,"depth":132,"text":139022},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138644,"depth":132,"text":138645},{"id":138713,"depth":132,"text":138714},{"id":138843,"depth":132,"text":139026},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":139028},[139029,139031,139032,139033,139035],{"id":138876,"depth":132,"text":139030},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138884,"depth":132,"text":138885},{"id":138891,"depth":132,"text":138892},{"id":138925,"depth":132,"text":139034},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138961,"depth":132,"text":139036},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137487,"description":139038},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139045,"title":139046,"body":139047,"description":141066,"extension":1845,"meta":141067,"navigation":237,"path":141068,"seo":141069,"stem":141070,"__hash__":141071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139048,"toc":141030},[139049,139054,139059,139062,139073,139075,139130,139135,139140,139147,139149,139164,139166,139222,139224,139262,139267,139269,139293,139296,139309,139314,139316,139348,139350,139383,139389,139394,139397,139407,139410,139412,139468,139470,139520,139523,139531,139534,139590,139592,139665,139678,139686,139690,139701,139704,139707,139760,139762,139794,139797,139851,139853,139888,139891,139896,139901,139906,139909,139911,139969,139971,140005,140007,140022,140025,140027,140069,140071,140097,140102,140110,140113,140115,140197,140199,140250,140253,140264,140272,140274,140347,140349,140367,140371,140374,140378,140405,140407,140415,140419,140454,140456,140469,140473,140476,140515,140517,140534,140539,140544,140555,140558,140569,140571,140573,140599,140602,140651,140653,140670,140673,140675,140727,140729,140761,140764,140822,140827,140829,140834,140937,140939,140953,140955,140962,140967,140972,140977,140982,140987,140990,140994,140999,141001,141027],[10,139050,123052,139052,11201],{"id":139051},"python-string-split-method",[15,139053,60397],{},[24,139055,123057,139056,139058],{},[15,139057,60397],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[24,139060,139061],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[33,139063,139064,139067,139070],{},[36,139065,139066],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[36,139068,139069],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[36,139071,139072],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[70,139074,1887],{"id":1886},[75,139076,139078],{"className":77,"code":139077,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139079,139080,139093,139115,139125],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139081,139082,139084,139086,139088,139091],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139083,34565],{"class":90},[84,139085,95],{"class":94},[84,139087,3230],{"class":387},[84,139089,139090],{"class":391},"apple,banana,cherry",[84,139092,3236],{"class":387},[84,139094,139095,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139096,42708],{"class":90},[84,139098,95],{"class":94},[84,139100,42713],{"class":90},[84,139102,425],{"class":102},[84,139104,34346],{"class":121},[84,139106,103],{"class":102},[84,139108,854],{"class":387},[84,139110,282],{"class":391},[84,139112,854],{"class":387},[84,139114,110],{"class":102},[84,139116,139117,139119,139121,139123],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,139118,116],{"class":98},[84,139120,103],{"class":102},[84,139122,42740],{"class":121},[84,139124,110],{"class":102},[84,139126,139127],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,139128,139129],{"class":128},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[24,139131,153,139132,139134],{},[15,139133,60397],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[70,139136,429,139138,3554],{"id":139137},"what-split-does",[15,139139,60397],{},[24,139141,139142,132100,139144,425],{},[15,139143,60397],{},[42,139145,139146],{},"string method",[24,139148,48795],{},[33,139150,139151,139154,139159],{},[36,139152,139153],{},"divides a string into parts",[36,139155,119354,139156],{},[42,139157,139158],{},"new list of strings",[36,139160,119360,139161,139163],{},[42,139162,1367],{}," change the original string",[24,139165,190],{},[75,139167,139169],{"className":77,"code":139168,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139170,139171,139184,139198,139202,139212],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139172,139173,139175,139177,139179,139182],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139174,34565],{"class":90},[84,139176,95],{"class":94},[84,139178,3230],{"class":387},[84,139180,139181],{"class":391},"red blue green",[84,139183,3236],{"class":387},[84,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139187,42708],{"class":90},[84,139189,95],{"class":94},[84,139191,42713],{"class":90},[84,139193,425],{"class":102},[84,139195,34346],{"class":121},[84,139197,8520],{"class":102},[84,139199,139200],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,139201,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,139203,139204,139206,139208,139210],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,139205,116],{"class":98},[84,139207,103],{"class":102},[84,139209,34586],{"class":121},[84,139211,110],{"class":102},[84,139213,139214,139216,139218,139220],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,139215,116],{"class":98},[84,139217,103],{"class":102},[84,139219,42740],{"class":121},[84,139221,110],{"class":102},[24,139223,265],{},[75,139225,139227],{"className":77,"code":139226,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139228,139229,139234],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139230,139231],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139232,139233],{"class":90},"red blue green\n",[84,139235,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139237,292],{"class":102},[84,139239,394],{"class":387},[84,139241,12976],{"class":391},[84,139243,394],{"class":387},[84,139245,282],{"class":102},[84,139247,388],{"class":387},[84,139249,12993],{"class":391},[84,139251,394],{"class":387},[84,139253,282],{"class":102},[84,139255,388],{"class":387},[84,139257,17338],{"class":391},[84,139259,394],{"class":387},[84,139261,317],{"class":102},[24,139263,139264,139265,425],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[419,139266,124807],{"href":50844},[70,139268,2038],{"id":2037},[75,139270,139272],{"className":77,"code":139271,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139273,139274],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139275,139276,139278,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139291],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139277,61040],{"class":90},[84,139279,425],{"class":102},[84,139281,34346],{"class":121},[84,139283,103],{"class":102},[84,139285,133456],{"class":121},[84,139287,282],{"class":102},[84,139289,139290],{"class":121}," maxsplit",[84,139292,110],{"class":102},[24,139294,139295],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[33,139297,139298,139303],{},[36,139299,139300,139302],{},[15,139301,133456],{}," tells Python where to split",[36,139304,139305,139308],{},[15,139306,139307],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[24,139310,8753,139311,139313],{},[15,139312,133456],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[24,139315,190],{},[75,139317,139319],{"className":77,"code":139318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139320,139321,139334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139322,139323,139325,139327,139329,139332],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139324,34565],{"class":90},[84,139326,95],{"class":94},[84,139328,3230],{"class":387},[84,139330,139331],{"class":391},"one two three",[84,139333,3236],{"class":387},[84,139335,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139337,116],{"class":98},[84,139339,103],{"class":102},[84,139341,34586],{"class":121},[84,139343,425],{"class":102},[84,139345,34346],{"class":121},[84,139347,7069],{"class":102},[24,139349,265],{},[75,139351,139353],{"className":77,"code":139352,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139354,139355],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139356,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139358,292],{"class":102},[84,139360,394],{"class":387},[84,139362,6459],{"class":391},[84,139364,394],{"class":387},[84,139366,282],{"class":102},[84,139368,388],{"class":387},[84,139370,79134],{"class":391},[84,139372,394],{"class":387},[84,139374,282],{"class":102},[84,139376,388],{"class":387},[84,139378,133938],{"class":391},[84,139380,394],{"class":387},[84,139382,317],{"class":102},[70,139384,1442,139386,139388],{"id":139385},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139387,60397],{}," with no separator",[24,139390,70037,139391,139393],{},[15,139392,60397],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[24,139395,139396],{},"Whitespace includes:",[33,139398,139399,139401,139404],{},[36,139400,10332],{},[36,139402,139403],{},"tabs",[36,139405,139406],{},"new lines",[24,139408,139409],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[24,139411,190],{},[75,139413,139415],{"className":77,"code":139414,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139416,139417,139440,139454,139458],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139418,139419,139421,139423,139425,139428,139431,139433,139435,139438],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139420,34565],{"class":90},[84,139422,95],{"class":94},[84,139424,3230],{"class":387},[84,139426,139427],{"class":391},"Python   is",[84,139429,139430],{"class":34330},"\\t",[84,139432,133192],{"class":391},[84,139434,87015],{"class":34330},[84,139436,139437],{"class":391},"and useful",[84,139439,3236],{"class":387},[84,139441,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450,139452],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139443,42708],{"class":90},[84,139445,95],{"class":94},[84,139447,42713],{"class":90},[84,139449,425],{"class":102},[84,139451,34346],{"class":121},[84,139453,8520],{"class":102},[84,139455,139456],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,139457,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,139459,139460,139462,139464,139466],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,139461,116],{"class":98},[84,139463,103],{"class":102},[84,139465,42740],{"class":121},[84,139467,110],{"class":102},[24,139469,265],{},[75,139471,139473],{"className":77,"code":139472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139474,139475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139476,139477,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139516,139518],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139478,292],{"class":102},[84,139480,394],{"class":387},[84,139482,7172],{"class":391},[84,139484,394],{"class":387},[84,139486,282],{"class":102},[84,139488,388],{"class":387},[84,139490,12075],{"class":391},[84,139492,394],{"class":387},[84,139494,282],{"class":102},[84,139496,388],{"class":387},[84,139498,133192],{"class":391},[84,139500,394],{"class":387},[84,139502,282],{"class":102},[84,139504,388],{"class":387},[84,139506,129817],{"class":391},[84,139508,394],{"class":387},[84,139510,282],{"class":102},[84,139512,388],{"class":387},[84,139514,139515],{"class":391},"useful",[84,139517,394],{"class":387},[84,139519,317],{"class":102},[24,139521,139522],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1667,139524,139526,18,139528],{"id":139525},"split-vs-split",[15,139527,60397],{},[15,139529,139530],{},"split(' ')",[24,139532,139533],{},"These are not the same.",[75,139535,139537],{"className":77,"code":139536,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139538,139539,139552,139556,139570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139540,139541,139543,139545,139547,139550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139542,34565],{"class":90},[84,139544,95],{"class":94},[84,139546,3230],{"class":387},[84,139548,139549],{"class":391},"a  b   c",[84,139551,3236],{"class":387},[84,139553,139554],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139555,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,139557,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,139559,116],{"class":98},[84,139561,103],{"class":102},[84,139563,34586],{"class":121},[84,139565,425],{"class":102},[84,139567,34346],{"class":121},[84,139569,7069],{"class":102},[84,139571,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,139573,116],{"class":98},[84,139575,103],{"class":102},[84,139577,34586],{"class":121},[84,139579,425],{"class":102},[84,139581,34346],{"class":121},[84,139583,103],{"class":102},[84,139585,854],{"class":387},[84,139587,3230],{"class":387},[84,139589,232],{"class":102},[24,139591,265],{},[75,139593,139595],{"className":77,"code":139594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139596,139597,139625],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139598,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139600,292],{"class":102},[84,139602,394],{"class":387},[84,139604,419],{"class":391},[84,139606,394],{"class":387},[84,139608,282],{"class":102},[84,139610,388],{"class":387},[84,139612,4634],{"class":391},[84,139614,394],{"class":387},[84,139616,282],{"class":102},[84,139618,388],{"class":387},[84,139620,9619],{"class":391},[84,139622,394],{"class":387},[84,139624,317],{"class":102},[84,139626,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139628,292],{"class":102},[84,139630,394],{"class":387},[84,139632,419],{"class":391},[84,139634,394],{"class":387},[84,139636,282],{"class":102},[84,139638,3714],{"class":387},[84,139640,282],{"class":102},[84,139642,388],{"class":387},[84,139644,4634],{"class":391},[84,139646,394],{"class":387},[84,139648,282],{"class":102},[84,139650,3714],{"class":387},[84,139652,282],{"class":102},[84,139654,3714],{"class":387},[84,139656,282],{"class":102},[84,139658,388],{"class":387},[84,139660,9619],{"class":391},[84,139662,394],{"class":387},[84,139664,317],{"class":102},[33,139666,139667,139672],{},[36,139668,139669,139671],{},[15,139670,60397],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[36,139673,139674,139677],{},[15,139675,139676],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[24,139679,139680,139681,139685],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[419,139682,126052,139683,10620],{"href":136622},[15,139684,41525],{}," is often useful.",[70,139687,139689],{"id":139688},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[24,139691,139692,139693,1263,139696,1267,139698,425],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139694,139695],{},"\",\"",[15,139697,133291],{},[15,139699,139700],{},"\"::\"",[24,139702,139703],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[24,139705,139706],{},"Example with commas:",[75,139708,139710],{"className":77,"code":139709,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139711,139712,139724,139746,139750],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139713,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139715,34565],{"class":90},[84,139717,95],{"class":94},[84,139719,3230],{"class":387},[84,139721,139090],{"class":391},[84,139723,3236],{"class":387},[84,139725,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139727,42708],{"class":90},[84,139729,95],{"class":94},[84,139731,42713],{"class":90},[84,139733,425],{"class":102},[84,139735,34346],{"class":121},[84,139737,103],{"class":102},[84,139739,854],{"class":387},[84,139741,282],{"class":391},[84,139743,854],{"class":387},[84,139745,110],{"class":102},[84,139747,139748],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,139749,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,139751,139752,139754,139756,139758],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,139753,116],{"class":98},[84,139755,103],{"class":102},[84,139757,42740],{"class":121},[84,139759,110],{"class":102},[24,139761,265],{},[75,139763,139764],{"className":77,"code":78313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,139765,139766],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139767,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139769,292],{"class":102},[84,139771,394],{"class":387},[84,139773,3952],{"class":391},[84,139775,394],{"class":387},[84,139777,282],{"class":102},[84,139779,388],{"class":387},[84,139781,3961],{"class":391},[84,139783,394],{"class":387},[84,139785,282],{"class":102},[84,139787,388],{"class":387},[84,139789,3970],{"class":391},[84,139791,394],{"class":387},[84,139793,317],{"class":102},[24,139795,139796],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[75,139798,139800],{"className":77,"code":139799,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139801,139802,139815,139837,139841],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139803,139804,139806,139808,139810,139813],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139805,34565],{"class":90},[84,139807,95],{"class":94},[84,139809,3230],{"class":387},[84,139811,139812],{"class":391},"2024::10::31",[84,139814,3236],{"class":387},[84,139816,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139818,42708],{"class":90},[84,139820,95],{"class":94},[84,139822,42713],{"class":90},[84,139824,425],{"class":102},[84,139826,34346],{"class":121},[84,139828,103],{"class":102},[84,139830,854],{"class":387},[84,139832,76530],{"class":391},[84,139834,854],{"class":387},[84,139836,110],{"class":102},[84,139838,139839],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,139840,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,139842,139843,139845,139847,139849],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,139844,116],{"class":98},[84,139846,103],{"class":102},[84,139848,42740],{"class":121},[84,139850,110],{"class":102},[24,139852,265],{},[75,139854,139856],{"className":77,"code":139855,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139857,139858],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139859,139860,139862,139864,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139884,139886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139861,292],{"class":102},[84,139863,394],{"class":387},[84,139865,139866],{"class":391},"2024",[84,139868,394],{"class":387},[84,139870,282],{"class":102},[84,139872,388],{"class":387},[84,139874,2212],{"class":391},[84,139876,394],{"class":387},[84,139878,282],{"class":102},[84,139880,388],{"class":387},[84,139882,139883],{"class":391},"31",[84,139885,394],{"class":387},[84,139887,317],{"class":102},[24,139889,139890],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[24,139892,139893,139894,425],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[419,139895,128736],{"href":128735},[70,139897,1442,139899],{"id":139898},"using-maxsplit",[15,139900,139307],{},[24,139902,139903,139905],{},[15,139904,139307],{}," limits the number of splits.",[24,139907,139908],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[24,139910,190],{},[75,139912,139914],{"className":77,"code":139913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139915,139916,139929,139955,139959],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139917,139918,139920,139922,139924,139927],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139919,34565],{"class":90},[84,139921,95],{"class":94},[84,139923,3230],{"class":387},[84,139925,139926],{"class":391},"name:age:city:country",[84,139928,3236],{"class":387},[84,139930,139931,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,139932,42708],{"class":90},[84,139934,95],{"class":94},[84,139936,42713],{"class":90},[84,139938,425],{"class":102},[84,139940,34346],{"class":121},[84,139942,103],{"class":102},[84,139944,854],{"class":387},[84,139946,881],{"class":391},[84,139948,854],{"class":387},[84,139950,282],{"class":102},[84,139952,304],{"class":106},[84,139954,110],{"class":102},[84,139956,139957],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,139958,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,139960,139961,139963,139965,139967],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,139962,116],{"class":98},[84,139964,103],{"class":102},[84,139966,42740],{"class":121},[84,139968,110],{"class":102},[24,139970,265],{},[75,139972,139974],{"className":77,"code":139973,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139975,139976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139977,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140001,140003],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139979,292],{"class":102},[84,139981,394],{"class":387},[84,139983,7544],{"class":391},[84,139985,394],{"class":387},[84,139987,282],{"class":102},[84,139989,388],{"class":387},[84,139991,9178],{"class":391},[84,139993,394],{"class":387},[84,139995,282],{"class":102},[84,139997,388],{"class":387},[84,139999,140000],{"class":391},"city:country",[84,140002,394],{"class":387},[84,140004,317],{"class":102},[24,140006,2060],{},[33,140008,140009,140014,140019],{},[36,140010,140011,140012],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140013,881],{},[36,140015,140016,140017],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140018,881],{},[36,140020,140021],{},"then stops",[24,140023,140024],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[24,140026,51949],{},[75,140028,140030],{"className":77,"code":140029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140031,140032,140045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140033,140034,140036,140038,140040,140043],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140035,34565],{"class":90},[84,140037,95],{"class":94},[84,140039,3230],{"class":387},[84,140041,140042],{"class":391},"apple banana cherry grape",[84,140044,3236],{"class":387},[84,140046,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140048,116],{"class":98},[84,140050,103],{"class":102},[84,140052,34586],{"class":121},[84,140054,425],{"class":102},[84,140056,34346],{"class":121},[84,140058,103],{"class":102},[84,140060,854],{"class":387},[84,140062,3230],{"class":387},[84,140064,282],{"class":102},[84,140066,299],{"class":106},[84,140068,232],{"class":102},[24,140070,265],{},[75,140072,140074],{"className":77,"code":140073,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140075,140076],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140077,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140093,140095],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140079,292],{"class":102},[84,140081,394],{"class":387},[84,140083,3952],{"class":391},[84,140085,394],{"class":387},[84,140087,282],{"class":102},[84,140089,388],{"class":387},[84,140091,140092],{"class":391},"banana cherry grape",[84,140094,394],{"class":387},[84,140096,317],{"class":102},[70,140098,429,140100,11586],{"id":140099},"what-split-returns",[15,140101,60397],{},[24,140103,140104,140105,140107,140108,425],{},"The result of ",[15,140106,60397],{}," is always a ",[42,140109,140],{},[24,140111,140112],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[24,140114,190],{},[75,140116,140118],{"className":77,"code":140117,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140119,140120,140133,140155,140159,140169,140183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140121,140122,140124,140126,140128,140131],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140123,34565],{"class":90},[84,140125,95],{"class":94},[84,140127,3230],{"class":387},[84,140129,140130],{"class":391},"cat,dog,bird",[84,140132,3236],{"class":387},[84,140134,140135,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145,140147,140149,140151,140153],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140136,42708],{"class":90},[84,140138,95],{"class":94},[84,140140,42713],{"class":90},[84,140142,425],{"class":102},[84,140144,34346],{"class":121},[84,140146,103],{"class":102},[84,140148,854],{"class":387},[84,140150,282],{"class":391},[84,140152,854],{"class":387},[84,140154,110],{"class":102},[84,140156,140157],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,140158,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,140160,140161,140163,140165,140167],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,140162,116],{"class":98},[84,140164,103],{"class":102},[84,140166,42740],{"class":121},[84,140168,110],{"class":102},[84,140170,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,140172,116],{"class":98},[84,140174,103],{"class":102},[84,140176,334],{"class":139},[84,140178,103],{"class":102},[84,140180,42740],{"class":121},[84,140182,232],{"class":102},[84,140184,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,140186,116],{"class":98},[84,140188,103],{"class":102},[84,140190,42740],{"class":121},[84,140192,292],{"class":102},[84,140194,279],{"class":106},[84,140196,741],{"class":102},[24,140198,265],{},[75,140200,140202],{"className":77,"code":140201,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140203,140204,140232,140246],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140205,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140207,292],{"class":102},[84,140209,394],{"class":387},[84,140211,36919],{"class":391},[84,140213,394],{"class":387},[84,140215,282],{"class":102},[84,140217,388],{"class":387},[84,140219,57995],{"class":391},[84,140221,394],{"class":387},[84,140223,282],{"class":102},[84,140225,388],{"class":387},[84,140227,58012],{"class":391},[84,140229,394],{"class":387},[84,140231,317],{"class":102},[84,140233,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140235,380],{"class":94},[84,140237,384],{"class":383},[84,140239,388],{"class":387},[84,140241,140],{"class":391},[84,140243,394],{"class":387},[84,140245,397],{"class":94},[84,140247,140248],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,140249,85331],{"class":90},[24,140251,140252],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[33,140254,140255,140258,140261],{},[36,140256,140257],{},"loop over it",[36,140259,140260],{},"access items by index",[36,140262,140263],{},"combine items again later",[24,140265,140266,140267,425],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[419,140268,126052,140270,10620],{"href":140269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140271,133134],{},[24,140273,190],{},[75,140275,140277],{"className":77,"code":140276,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140278,140279,140311,140333,140337],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140280,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140282,42708],{"class":90},[84,140284,95],{"class":94},[84,140286,3498],{"class":102},[84,140288,394],{"class":387},[84,140290,36919],{"class":391},[84,140292,394],{"class":387},[84,140294,282],{"class":102},[84,140296,388],{"class":387},[84,140298,57995],{"class":391},[84,140300,394],{"class":387},[84,140302,282],{"class":102},[84,140304,388],{"class":387},[84,140306,58012],{"class":391},[84,140308,394],{"class":387},[84,140310,317],{"class":102},[84,140312,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140314,34565],{"class":90},[84,140316,95],{"class":94},[84,140318,3230],{"class":387},[84,140320,1906],{"class":391},[84,140322,854],{"class":387},[84,140324,425],{"class":102},[84,140326,133211],{"class":121},[84,140328,103],{"class":102},[84,140330,42740],{"class":121},[84,140332,110],{"class":102},[84,140334,140335],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,140336,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,140338,140339,140341,140343,140345],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,140340,116],{"class":98},[84,140342,103],{"class":102},[84,140344,34586],{"class":121},[84,140346,110],{"class":102},[24,140348,265],{},[75,140350,140352],{"className":77,"code":140351,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140353,140354],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140355,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140357,36919],{"class":90},[84,140359,1906],{"class":94},[84,140361,57995],{"class":90},[84,140363,1906],{"class":94},[84,140365,140366],{"class":90},"bird\n",[70,140368,140370],{"id":140369},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[24,140372,140373],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1667,140375,140377],{"id":140376},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[75,140379,140381],{"className":77,"code":140380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140382,140383,140391],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140384,140385,140387,140389],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140386,34565],{"class":90},[84,140388,95],{"class":94},[84,140390,7759],{"class":387},[84,140392,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140394,116],{"class":98},[84,140396,103],{"class":102},[84,140398,34586],{"class":121},[84,140400,425],{"class":102},[84,140402,34346],{"class":121},[84,140404,7069],{"class":102},[24,140406,265],{},[75,140408,140409],{"className":77,"code":38167,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,140410,140411],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140412,140413],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140414,38167],{"class":102},[1667,140416,140418],{"id":140417},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[75,140420,140422],{"className":77,"code":140421,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140423,140424,140432],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140425,140426,140428,140430],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140427,34565],{"class":90},[84,140429,95],{"class":94},[84,140431,7759],{"class":387},[84,140433,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140435,116],{"class":98},[84,140437,103],{"class":102},[84,140439,34586],{"class":121},[84,140441,425],{"class":102},[84,140443,34346],{"class":121},[84,140445,103],{"class":102},[84,140447,854],{"class":387},[84,140449,282],{"class":391},[84,140451,854],{"class":387},[84,140453,232],{"class":102},[24,140455,265],{},[75,140457,140459],{"className":77,"code":140458,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['']\n",[15,140460,140461],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140462,140463,140465,140467],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140464,292],{"class":102},[84,140466,3648],{"class":387},[84,140468,317],{"class":102},[1667,140470,140472],{"id":140471},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[24,140474,140475],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[75,140477,140479],{"className":77,"code":140478,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140480,140481,140493],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140482,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140484,34565],{"class":90},[84,140486,95],{"class":94},[84,140488,3230],{"class":387},[84,140490,3721],{"class":391},[84,140492,3236],{"class":387},[84,140494,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140496,116],{"class":98},[84,140498,103],{"class":102},[84,140500,34586],{"class":121},[84,140502,425],{"class":102},[84,140504,34346],{"class":121},[84,140506,103],{"class":102},[84,140508,854],{"class":387},[84,140510,282],{"class":391},[84,140512,854],{"class":387},[84,140514,232],{"class":102},[24,140516,265],{},[75,140518,140520],{"className":77,"code":140519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['hello']\n",[15,140521,140522],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140523,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140525,292],{"class":102},[84,140527,394],{"class":387},[84,140529,3721],{"class":391},[84,140531,394],{"class":387},[84,140533,317],{"class":102},[70,140535,792,140537],{"id":140536},"when-to-use-split",[15,140538,60397],{},[24,140540,153,140541,140543],{},[15,140542,60397],{}," when you need to:",[33,140545,140546,140549,140552],{},[36,140547,140548],{},"split a sentence into words",[36,140550,140551],{},"split comma-separated values",[36,140553,140554],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[24,140556,140557],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[33,140559,140560,140563,140566],{},[36,140561,140562],{},"cleaning text",[36,140564,140565],{},"parsing user input",[36,140567,140568],{},"processing simple file content",[70,140570,1434],{"id":1433},[24,140572,84102],{},[33,140574,140575,140579,140585,140588,140596],{},[36,140576,50374,140577,131272],{},[15,140578,60397],{},[36,140580,140581,140582,140584],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140583,60397],{}," returns a list, not a string",[36,140586,140587],{},"using the wrong separator",[36,140589,140590,140591,140593,140594],{},"assuming ",[15,140592,139530],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140595,60397],{},[36,140597,140598],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[24,140600,140601],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[75,140603,140605],{"className":77,"code":140604,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140606,140607,140619,140637,140641],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140608,140609,140611,140613,140615,140617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140610,34565],{"class":90},[84,140612,95],{"class":94},[84,140614,3230],{"class":387},[84,140616,42701],{"class":391},[84,140618,3236],{"class":387},[84,140620,140621,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140622,34586],{"class":90},[84,140624,425],{"class":102},[84,140626,34346],{"class":121},[84,140628,103],{"class":102},[84,140630,854],{"class":387},[84,140632,282],{"class":391},[84,140634,854],{"class":387},[84,140636,110],{"class":102},[84,140638,140639],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,140640,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,140642,140643,140645,140647,140649],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,140644,116],{"class":98},[84,140646,103],{"class":102},[84,140648,34586],{"class":121},[84,140650,110],{"class":102},[24,140652,265],{},[75,140654,140656],{"className":77,"code":140655,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a,b,c\n",[15,140657,140658],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140659,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140661,419],{"class":90},[84,140663,282],{"class":102},[84,140665,4634],{"class":90},[84,140667,282],{"class":102},[84,140669,69110],{"class":90},[24,140671,140672],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[24,140674,10687],{},[75,140676,140677],{"className":77,"code":42688,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,140678,140679,140691,140713,140717],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140680,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140682,34565],{"class":90},[84,140684,95],{"class":94},[84,140686,3230],{"class":387},[84,140688,42701],{"class":391},[84,140690,3236],{"class":387},[84,140692,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140694,42708],{"class":90},[84,140696,95],{"class":94},[84,140698,42713],{"class":90},[84,140700,425],{"class":102},[84,140702,34346],{"class":121},[84,140704,103],{"class":102},[84,140706,854],{"class":387},[84,140708,282],{"class":391},[84,140710,854],{"class":387},[84,140712,110],{"class":102},[84,140714,140715],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,140716,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,140718,140719,140721,140723,140725],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,140720,116],{"class":98},[84,140722,103],{"class":102},[84,140724,42740],{"class":121},[84,140726,110],{"class":102},[24,140728,265],{},[75,140730,140731],{"className":77,"code":42747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,140732,140733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140734,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140736,292],{"class":102},[84,140738,394],{"class":387},[84,140740,419],{"class":391},[84,140742,394],{"class":387},[84,140744,282],{"class":102},[84,140746,388],{"class":387},[84,140748,4634],{"class":391},[84,140750,394],{"class":387},[84,140752,282],{"class":102},[84,140754,388],{"class":387},[84,140756,9619],{"class":391},[84,140758,394],{"class":387},[84,140760,317],{"class":102},[24,140762,140763],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[75,140765,140767],{"className":77,"code":140766,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140768,140769,140782,140804,140808],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140770,140771,140773,140775,140777,140780],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140772,34565],{"class":90},[84,140774,95],{"class":94},[84,140776,3230],{"class":387},[84,140778,140779],{"class":391},"apple,banana",[84,140781,3236],{"class":387},[84,140783,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800,140802],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140785,42708],{"class":90},[84,140787,95],{"class":94},[84,140789,42713],{"class":90},[84,140791,425],{"class":102},[84,140793,34346],{"class":121},[84,140795,103],{"class":102},[84,140797,854],{"class":387},[84,140799,282],{"class":391},[84,140801,854],{"class":387},[84,140803,110],{"class":102},[84,140805,140806],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,140807,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,140811,116],{"class":98},[84,140813,103],{"class":102},[84,140815,42740],{"class":121},[84,140817,292],{"class":102},[84,140819,568],{"class":106},[84,140821,741],{"class":102},[24,140823,140824,140825,425],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[419,140826,69123],{"href":69122},[1667,140828,60576],{"id":60575},[24,140830,8753,140831,140833],{},[15,140832,60397],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[75,140835,140837],{"className":77,"code":140836,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140838,140839,140849,140863,140885,140911],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140840,140841,140843,140845,140847],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140842,116],{"class":98},[84,140844,103],{"class":102},[84,140846,34586],{"class":121},[84,140848,110],{"class":102},[84,140850,140851,140853,140855,140857,140859,140861],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,140852,116],{"class":98},[84,140854,103],{"class":102},[84,140856,34586],{"class":121},[84,140858,425],{"class":102},[84,140860,34346],{"class":121},[84,140862,7069],{"class":102},[84,140864,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,140866,116],{"class":98},[84,140868,103],{"class":102},[84,140870,34586],{"class":121},[84,140872,425],{"class":102},[84,140874,34346],{"class":121},[84,140876,103],{"class":102},[84,140878,394],{"class":387},[84,140880,282],{"class":391},[84,140882,394],{"class":387},[84,140884,232],{"class":102},[84,140886,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,140888,116],{"class":98},[84,140890,103],{"class":102},[84,140892,602],{"class":98},[84,140894,103],{"class":102},[84,140896,34586],{"class":121},[84,140898,425],{"class":102},[84,140900,34346],{"class":121},[84,140902,103],{"class":102},[84,140904,394],{"class":387},[84,140906,282],{"class":391},[84,140908,394],{"class":387},[84,140910,345],{"class":102},[84,140912,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,140914,116],{"class":98},[84,140916,103],{"class":102},[84,140918,334],{"class":139},[84,140920,103],{"class":102},[84,140922,34586],{"class":121},[84,140924,425],{"class":102},[84,140926,34346],{"class":121},[84,140928,103],{"class":102},[84,140930,394],{"class":387},[84,140932,282],{"class":391},[84,140934,394],{"class":387},[84,140936,345],{"class":102},[24,140938,11049],{},[33,140940,140941,140944,140947,140950],{},[36,140942,140943],{},"what the original string looks like",[36,140945,140946],{},"which separator works",[36,140948,140949],{},"how many items were created",[36,140951,140952],{},"that the result is a list",[70,140954,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,140956,5053,140958,28,140960,1689],{"id":140957},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140959,60397],{},[15,140961,139530],{},[24,140963,140964,140966],{},[15,140965,60397],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[24,140968,140969,140971],{},[15,140970,139530],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1667,140973,12586,140975,124379],{"id":140974},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140976,60397],{},[24,140978,140979,140980,56346],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140981,60397],{},[1667,140983,5016,140985,39831],{"id":140984},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140986,139307],{},[24,140988,140989],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1667,140991,140993],{"id":140992},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[24,140995,28938,140996,140998],{},[15,140997,60397],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[70,141000,1777],{"id":1776},[33,141002,141003,141007,141013,141019,141023],{},[36,141004,141005],{},[419,141006,129657],{"href":128735},[36,141008,141009],{},[419,141010,126052,141011,10620],{"href":140269},[15,141012,133134],{},[36,141014,141015],{},[419,141016,126052,141017,10620],{"href":136622},[15,141018,41525],{},[36,141020,141021],{},[419,141022,124807],{"href":50844},[36,141024,141025],{},[419,141026,69123],{"href":69122},[1814,141028,141029],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":141031},[141032,141033,141035,141036,141041,141042,141044,141046,141051,141053,141056,141065],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":139137,"depth":113,"text":141034},"What split() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":139385,"depth":113,"text":141037,"children":141038},"Using split() with no separator",[141039],{"id":139525,"depth":132,"text":141040},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139688,"depth":113,"text":139689},{"id":139898,"depth":113,"text":141043},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140099,"depth":113,"text":141045},"What split() returns",{"id":140369,"depth":113,"text":140370,"children":141047},[141048,141049,141050],{"id":140376,"depth":132,"text":140377},{"id":140417,"depth":132,"text":140418},{"id":140471,"depth":132,"text":140472},{"id":140536,"depth":113,"text":141052},"When to use split()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":141054},[141055],{"id":60575,"depth":132,"text":60576},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":141057},[141058,141060,141062,141064],{"id":140957,"depth":132,"text":141059},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140974,"depth":132,"text":141061},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140984,"depth":132,"text":141063},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140992,"depth":132,"text":140993},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139046,"description":141066},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141073,"title":141074,"body":141075,"description":143018,"extension":1845,"meta":143019,"navigation":237,"path":143020,"seo":143021,"stem":143022,"__hash__":143023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141076,"toc":142977},[141077,141082,141087,141094,141167,141172,141177,141182,141198,141200,141270,141272,141274,141294,141296,141341,141346,141348,141446,141451,141455,141460,141464,141467,141509,141513,141516,141561,141565,141568,141618,141622,141627,141679,141681,141686,141697,141702,141782,141784,141796,141805,141812,141827,141829,141944,141950,141954,141957,141962,142104,142107,142114,142116,142120,142128,142197,142203,142252,142257,142262,142264,142284,142286,142352,142354,142358,142361,142365,142406,142408,142441,142446,142449,142476,142478,142521,142528,142533,142543,142609,142613,142621,142626,142677,142681,142684,142686,142695,142697,142747,142749,142856,142858,142863,142870,142876,142879,142910,142915,142917,142924,142932,142941,142944,142946,142974],[10,141078,123052,141080,11201],{"id":141079},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141081,127420],{},[24,141083,123057,141084,141086],{},[15,141085,127420],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[24,141088,126118,141089,2759,141091,141093],{},[15,141090,3481],{},[15,141092,3548],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[75,141095,141097],{"className":77,"code":141096,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141098,141099,141112,141116,141141],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141100,141101,141103,141105,141107,141110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141102,34565],{"class":90},[84,141104,95],{"class":94},[84,141106,3230],{"class":387},[84,141108,141109],{"class":391},"Python Beginner Help",[84,141111,3236],{"class":387},[84,141113,141114],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141115,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,141117,141118,141120,141122,141124,141126,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,141119,116],{"class":98},[84,141121,103],{"class":102},[84,141123,34586],{"class":121},[84,141125,425],{"class":102},[84,141127,141128],{"class":121},"startswith",[84,141130,103],{"class":102},[84,141132,854],{"class":387},[84,141134,7172],{"class":391},[84,141136,854],{"class":387},[84,141138,147],{"class":102},[84,141140,43727],{"class":128},[84,141142,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141160,141162,141164],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,141144,116],{"class":98},[84,141146,103],{"class":102},[84,141148,34586],{"class":121},[84,141150,425],{"class":102},[84,141152,141128],{"class":121},[84,141154,103],{"class":102},[84,141156,854],{"class":387},[84,141158,141159],{"class":391},"Beginner",[84,141161,854],{"class":387},[84,141163,147],{"class":102},[84,141165,141166],{"class":128}," # False\n",[24,141168,153,141169,141171],{},[15,141170,127420],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[70,141173,429,141175,3554],{"id":141174},"what-startswith-does",[15,141176,127420],{},[24,141178,141179,141181],{},[15,141180,127420],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[33,141183,141184,141187,141193,141195],{},[36,141185,141186],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[36,141188,5022,141189,2759,141191],{},[15,141190,3481],{},[15,141192,3548],{},[36,141194,123195],{},[36,141196,141197],{},"It works only on strings",[24,141199,190],{},[75,141201,141203],{"className":77,"code":141202,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141204,141205,141217,141221,141246],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141206,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141208,7754],{"class":90},[84,141210,95],{"class":94},[84,141212,3230],{"class":387},[84,141214,7172],{"class":391},[84,141216,3236],{"class":387},[84,141218,141219],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141220,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,141222,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141240,141242,141244],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,141224,116],{"class":98},[84,141226,103],{"class":102},[84,141228,7544],{"class":121},[84,141230,425],{"class":102},[84,141232,141128],{"class":121},[84,141234,103],{"class":102},[84,141236,854],{"class":387},[84,141238,141239],{"class":391},"Py",[84,141241,854],{"class":387},[84,141243,147],{"class":102},[84,141245,43727],{"class":128},[84,141247,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,141249,116],{"class":98},[84,141251,103],{"class":102},[84,141253,7544],{"class":121},[84,141255,425],{"class":102},[84,141257,141128],{"class":121},[84,141259,103],{"class":102},[84,141261,854],{"class":387},[84,141263,128498],{"class":391},[84,141265,854],{"class":387},[84,141267,147],{"class":102},[84,141269,43744],{"class":128},[70,141271,2038],{"id":2037},[24,141273,42256],{},[75,141275,141277],{"className":77,"code":141276,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141278,141279],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141280,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141292],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141282,61040],{"class":90},[84,141284,425],{"class":102},[84,141286,141128],{"class":121},[84,141288,103],{"class":102},[84,141290,141291],{"class":121},"prefix",[84,141293,110],{"class":102},[24,141295,30640],{},[75,141297,141299],{"className":77,"code":141298,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141300,141301,141319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141302,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141304,61040],{"class":90},[84,141306,425],{"class":102},[84,141308,141128],{"class":121},[84,141310,103],{"class":102},[84,141312,141291],{"class":121},[84,141314,282],{"class":102},[84,141316,35928],{"class":121},[84,141318,110],{"class":102},[84,141320,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141322,61040],{"class":90},[84,141324,425],{"class":102},[84,141326,141128],{"class":121},[84,141328,103],{"class":102},[84,141330,141291],{"class":121},[84,141332,282],{"class":102},[84,141334,35928],{"class":121},[84,141336,282],{"class":102},[84,141338,64904],{"class":121},[84,141340,110],{"class":102},[24,141342,532,141343,141345],{},[15,141344,141291],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[24,141347,190],{},[75,141349,141351],{"className":77,"code":141350,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141352,141353,141365,141369,141394,141418],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141354,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141356,34565],{"class":90},[84,141358,95],{"class":94},[84,141360,3230],{"class":387},[84,141362,60273],{"class":391},[84,141364,3236],{"class":387},[84,141366,141367],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141368,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,141370,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,141372,116],{"class":98},[84,141374,103],{"class":102},[84,141376,34586],{"class":121},[84,141378,425],{"class":102},[84,141380,141128],{"class":121},[84,141382,103],{"class":102},[84,141384,854],{"class":387},[84,141386,3721],{"class":391},[84,141388,854],{"class":387},[84,141390,147],{"class":102},[84,141392,141393],{"class":128},"      # True\n",[84,141395,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,141397,116],{"class":98},[84,141399,103],{"class":102},[84,141401,34586],{"class":121},[84,141403,425],{"class":102},[84,141405,141128],{"class":121},[84,141407,103],{"class":102},[84,141409,854],{"class":387},[84,141411,60457],{"class":391},[84,141413,854],{"class":387},[84,141415,147],{"class":102},[84,141417,21083],{"class":128},[84,141419,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,141421,116],{"class":98},[84,141423,103],{"class":102},[84,141425,34586],{"class":121},[84,141427,425],{"class":102},[84,141429,141128],{"class":121},[84,141431,103],{"class":102},[84,141433,854],{"class":387},[84,141435,60457],{"class":391},[84,141437,854],{"class":387},[84,141439,282],{"class":102},[84,141441,843],{"class":106},[84,141443,147],{"class":102},[84,141445,43727],{"class":128},[24,141447,141448,141449,425],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[419,141450,124807],{"href":50844},[70,141452,141454],{"id":141453},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[24,141456,141457,141459],{},[15,141458,127420],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1667,141461,141462],{"id":141291},[15,141463,141291],{},[24,141465,141466],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[75,141468,141470],{"className":77,"code":141469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141471,141472,141484],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141475,34565],{"class":90},[84,141477,95],{"class":94},[84,141479,3230],{"class":387},[84,141481,3961],{"class":391},[84,141483,3236],{"class":387},[84,141485,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498,141500,141503,141505,141507],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141487,116],{"class":98},[84,141489,103],{"class":102},[84,141491,34586],{"class":121},[84,141493,425],{"class":102},[84,141495,141128],{"class":121},[84,141497,103],{"class":102},[84,141499,854],{"class":387},[84,141501,141502],{"class":391},"ban",[84,141504,854],{"class":387},[84,141506,147],{"class":102},[84,141508,3538],{"class":128},[1667,141510,141511],{"id":35949},[15,141512,35949],{},[24,141514,141515],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[75,141517,141519],{"className":77,"code":141518,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141520,141521,141533],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141522,141523,141525,141527,141529,141531],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141524,34565],{"class":90},[84,141526,95],{"class":94},[84,141528,3230],{"class":387},[84,141530,60273],{"class":391},[84,141532,3236],{"class":387},[84,141534,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141536,116],{"class":98},[84,141538,103],{"class":102},[84,141540,34586],{"class":121},[84,141542,425],{"class":102},[84,141544,141128],{"class":121},[84,141546,103],{"class":102},[84,141548,854],{"class":387},[84,141550,60457],{"class":391},[84,141552,854],{"class":387},[84,141554,282],{"class":102},[84,141556,843],{"class":106},[84,141558,147],{"class":102},[84,141560,3538],{"class":128},[1667,141562,141563],{"id":52529},[15,141564,52529],{},[24,141566,141567],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[75,141569,141571],{"className":77,"code":141570,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141572,141573,141585],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141574,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141576,34565],{"class":90},[84,141578,95],{"class":94},[84,141580,3230],{"class":387},[84,141582,60273],{"class":391},[84,141584,3236],{"class":387},[84,141586,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141588,116],{"class":98},[84,141590,103],{"class":102},[84,141592,34586],{"class":121},[84,141594,425],{"class":102},[84,141596,141128],{"class":121},[84,141598,103],{"class":102},[84,141600,854],{"class":387},[84,141602,141603],{"class":391},"wor",[84,141605,854],{"class":387},[84,141607,282],{"class":102},[84,141609,843],{"class":106},[84,141611,282],{"class":102},[84,141613,54004],{"class":106},[84,141615,147],{"class":102},[84,141617,3538],{"class":128},[1667,141619,141621],{"id":141620},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[24,141623,141624,141626],{},[15,141625,141291],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[75,141628,141630],{"className":77,"code":141629,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141631,141632,141645],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141633,141634,141636,141638,141640,141643],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141635,126135],{"class":90},[84,141637,95],{"class":94},[84,141639,3230],{"class":387},[84,141641,141642],{"class":391},"img_001.png",[84,141644,3236],{"class":387},[84,141646,141647,141649,141651,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661,141664,141666,141668,141670,141673,141675,141677],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141648,116],{"class":98},[84,141650,103],{"class":102},[84,141652,126153],{"class":121},[84,141654,425],{"class":102},[84,141656,141128],{"class":121},[84,141658,5384],{"class":102},[84,141660,854],{"class":387},[84,141662,141663],{"class":391},"img_",[84,141665,854],{"class":387},[84,141667,282],{"class":102},[84,141669,3230],{"class":387},[84,141671,141672],{"class":391},"photo_",[84,141674,854],{"class":387},[84,141676,50960],{"class":102},[84,141678,3538],{"class":128},[70,141680,17301],{"id":17300},[24,141682,141683,141685],{},[15,141684,127420],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[33,141687,141688,141693],{},[36,141689,141690,141692],{},[15,141691,3481],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[36,141694,141695,126737],{},[15,141696,3548],{},[24,141698,141699,141700,7047],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141701,6872],{},[75,141703,141705],{"className":77,"code":141704,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141706,141707,141721,141725,141746,141761,141767],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141708,141709,141712,141714,141716,141719],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141710,141711],{"class":90},"command ",[84,141713,95],{"class":94},[84,141715,3230],{"class":387},[84,141717,141718],{"class":391},"\u002Fhelp",[84,141720,3236],{"class":387},[84,141722,141723],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141724,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,141726,141727,141729,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742,141744],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,141728,6872],{"class":470},[84,141730,141731],{"class":90}," command",[84,141733,425],{"class":102},[84,141735,141128],{"class":121},[84,141737,103],{"class":102},[84,141739,854],{"class":387},[84,141741,126944],{"class":391},[84,141743,854],{"class":387},[84,141745,485],{"class":102},[84,141747,141748,141750,141752,141754,141757,141759],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,141749,490],{"class":98},[84,141751,103],{"class":102},[84,141753,854],{"class":387},[84,141755,141756],{"class":391},"This looks like a command.",[84,141758,854],{"class":387},[84,141760,110],{"class":102},[84,141762,141763,141765],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,141764,27310],{"class":470},[84,141766,6266],{"class":102},[84,141768,141769,141771,141773,141775,141778,141780],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,141770,490],{"class":98},[84,141772,103],{"class":102},[84,141774,854],{"class":387},[84,141776,141777],{"class":391},"This is normal text.",[84,141779,854],{"class":387},[84,141781,110],{"class":102},[24,141783,265],{},[75,141785,141787],{"className":77,"code":141786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141788,141789],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141790,141791,141794],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141792,141793],{"class":90},"This looks like a command",[84,141795,122084],{"class":102},[70,141797,1442,141799,8582,141801,28,141803],{"id":141798},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141800,127420],{},[15,141802,35949],{},[15,141804,52529],{},[24,141806,1862,141807,28,141809,141811],{},[15,141808,35949],{},[15,141810,52529],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[33,141813,141814,141819,141824],{},[36,141815,141816,141818],{},[15,141817,35949],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[36,141820,141821,141823],{},[15,141822,52529],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[36,141825,141826],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[24,141828,190],{},[75,141830,141832],{"className":77,"code":141831,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141833,141834,141846,141850,141879,141912],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141835,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141837,34565],{"class":90},[84,141839,95],{"class":94},[84,141841,3230],{"class":387},[84,141843,139331],{"class":391},[84,141845,3236],{"class":387},[84,141847,141848],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141849,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,141851,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,141853,116],{"class":98},[84,141855,103],{"class":102},[84,141857,34586],{"class":121},[84,141859,425],{"class":102},[84,141861,141128],{"class":121},[84,141863,103],{"class":102},[84,141865,854],{"class":387},[84,141867,79134],{"class":391},[84,141869,854],{"class":387},[84,141871,282],{"class":102},[84,141873,314],{"class":106},[84,141875,147],{"class":102},[84,141877,141878],{"class":128},"        # True\n",[84,141880,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905,141908,141910],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,141882,116],{"class":98},[84,141884,103],{"class":102},[84,141886,34586],{"class":121},[84,141888,425],{"class":102},[84,141890,141128],{"class":121},[84,141892,103],{"class":102},[84,141894,854],{"class":387},[84,141896,133938],{"class":391},[84,141898,854],{"class":387},[84,141900,282],{"class":102},[84,141902,6232],{"class":106},[84,141904,282],{"class":102},[84,141906,141907],{"class":106}," 13",[84,141909,147],{"class":102},[84,141911,3538],{"class":128},[84,141913,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,141915,116],{"class":98},[84,141917,103],{"class":102},[84,141919,34586],{"class":121},[84,141921,425],{"class":102},[84,141923,141128],{"class":121},[84,141925,103],{"class":102},[84,141927,854],{"class":387},[84,141929,133938],{"class":391},[84,141931,854],{"class":387},[84,141933,282],{"class":102},[84,141935,6232],{"class":106},[84,141937,282],{"class":102},[84,141939,30819],{"class":106},[84,141941,147],{"class":102},[84,141943,4645],{"class":128},[24,141945,141946,141947,141949],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141948,52529],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[70,141951,141953],{"id":141952},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[24,141955,141956],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[24,141958,141959,141960,49216],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141961,40708],{},[75,141963,141965],{"className":77,"code":141964,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141966,141967,141981,141995,142009,142013,142037,142041,142062,142083],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141968,141969,141972,141974,141976,141979],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141970,141971],{"class":90},"filename1 ",[84,141973,95],{"class":94},[84,141975,3230],{"class":387},[84,141977,141978],{"class":391},"img_101.jpg",[84,141980,3236],{"class":387},[84,141982,141983,141986,141988,141990,141993],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,141984,141985],{"class":90},"filename2 ",[84,141987,95],{"class":94},[84,141989,3230],{"class":387},[84,141991,141992],{"class":391},"photo_202.jpg",[84,141994,3236],{"class":387},[84,141996,141997,142000,142002,142004,142007],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,141998,141999],{"class":90},"filename3 ",[84,142001,95],{"class":94},[84,142003,3230],{"class":387},[84,142005,142006],{"class":391},"doc_303.jpg",[84,142008,3236],{"class":387},[84,142010,142011],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,142012,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142014,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,142016,127347],{"class":90},[84,142018,95],{"class":94},[84,142020,9115],{"class":102},[84,142022,854],{"class":387},[84,142024,141663],{"class":391},[84,142026,854],{"class":387},[84,142028,282],{"class":102},[84,142030,3230],{"class":387},[84,142032,141672],{"class":391},[84,142034,854],{"class":387},[84,142036,110],{"class":102},[84,142038,142039],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,142040,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142042,142043,142045,142047,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,142044,116],{"class":98},[84,142046,103],{"class":102},[84,142048,142049],{"class":121},"filename1",[84,142051,425],{"class":102},[84,142053,141128],{"class":121},[84,142055,103],{"class":102},[84,142057,127399],{"class":121},[84,142059,147],{"class":102},[84,142061,3538],{"class":128},[84,142063,142064,142066,142068,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,142065,116],{"class":98},[84,142067,103],{"class":102},[84,142069,142070],{"class":121},"filename2",[84,142072,425],{"class":102},[84,142074,141128],{"class":121},[84,142076,103],{"class":102},[84,142078,127399],{"class":121},[84,142080,147],{"class":102},[84,142082,3538],{"class":128},[84,142084,142085,142087,142089,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,142086,116],{"class":98},[84,142088,103],{"class":102},[84,142090,142091],{"class":121},"filename3",[84,142093,425],{"class":102},[84,142095,141128],{"class":121},[84,142097,103],{"class":102},[84,142099,127399],{"class":121},[84,142101,147],{"class":102},[84,142103,4645],{"class":128},[24,142105,142106],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[24,142108,74635,142109,142113],{},[419,142110,126052,142111,10620],{"href":129646},[15,142112,126110],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[70,142115,123699],{"id":123698},[24,142117,142118,123510],{},[15,142119,127420],{},[24,142121,127097,142122,28,142125,127104],{},[15,142123,142124],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142126,142127],{},"\"python\"",[75,142129,142131],{"className":77,"code":142130,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142132,142133,142145,142149,142173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142134,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142136,34565],{"class":90},[84,142138,95],{"class":94},[84,142140,3230],{"class":387},[84,142142,7172],{"class":391},[84,142144,3236],{"class":387},[84,142146,142147],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142148,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142150,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,142152,116],{"class":98},[84,142154,103],{"class":102},[84,142156,34586],{"class":121},[84,142158,425],{"class":102},[84,142160,141128],{"class":121},[84,142162,103],{"class":102},[84,142164,854],{"class":387},[84,142166,141239],{"class":391},[84,142168,854],{"class":387},[84,142170,147],{"class":102},[84,142172,3538],{"class":128},[84,142174,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,142176,116],{"class":98},[84,142178,103],{"class":102},[84,142180,34586],{"class":121},[84,142182,425],{"class":102},[84,142184,141128],{"class":121},[84,142186,103],{"class":102},[84,142188,854],{"class":387},[84,142190,128498],{"class":391},[84,142192,854],{"class":387},[84,142194,147],{"class":102},[84,142196,4645],{"class":128},[24,142198,127189,142199,425],{},[419,142200,142201],{"href":123779},[15,142202,123782],{},[75,142204,142206],{"className":77,"code":142205,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142207,142208,142220,142224],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142209,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142211,34565],{"class":90},[84,142213,95],{"class":94},[84,142215,3230],{"class":387},[84,142217,7172],{"class":391},[84,142219,3236],{"class":387},[84,142221,142222],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142223,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142225,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,142227,116],{"class":98},[84,142229,103],{"class":102},[84,142231,34586],{"class":121},[84,142233,425],{"class":102},[84,142235,8517],{"class":121},[84,142237,8514],{"class":102},[84,142239,141128],{"class":121},[84,142241,103],{"class":102},[84,142243,854],{"class":387},[84,142245,128498],{"class":391},[84,142247,854],{"class":387},[84,142249,147],{"class":102},[84,142251,3538],{"class":128},[70,142253,792,142255],{"id":142254},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142256,127420],{},[24,142258,142259,142261],{},[15,142260,127420],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[24,142263,9253],{},[33,142265,142266,142269,142272,142281],{},[36,142267,142268],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[36,142270,142271],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[36,142273,142274,142275,2759,142278],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142276,142277],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142279,142280],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[36,142282,142283],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[24,142285,190],{},[75,142287,142289],{"className":77,"code":142288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142290,142291,142304,142308,142337],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142292,142293,142295,142297,142299,142302],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142294,126915],{"class":90},[84,142296,95],{"class":94},[84,142298,3230],{"class":387},[84,142300,142301],{"class":391},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[84,142303,3236],{"class":387},[84,142305,142306],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142307,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142309,142310,142312,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,142311,6872],{"class":470},[84,142313,142314],{"class":90}," url",[84,142316,425],{"class":102},[84,142318,141128],{"class":121},[84,142320,5384],{"class":102},[84,142322,854],{"class":387},[84,142324,142277],{"class":391},[84,142326,854],{"class":387},[84,142328,282],{"class":102},[84,142330,3230],{"class":387},[84,142332,142280],{"class":391},[84,142334,854],{"class":387},[84,142336,69426],{"class":102},[84,142338,142339,142341,142343,142345,142348,142350],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,142340,490],{"class":98},[84,142342,103],{"class":102},[84,142344,854],{"class":387},[84,142346,142347],{"class":391},"This looks like a web URL.",[84,142349,854],{"class":387},[84,142351,110],{"class":102},[70,142353,1434],{"id":1433},[24,142355,22975,142356,425],{},[15,142357,127420],{},[1667,142359,138492],{"id":142360},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[24,142362,142363,123510],{},[15,142364,127420],{},[75,142366,142368],{"className":77,"code":142367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142369,142370,142382],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142371,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142373,34565],{"class":90},[84,142375,95],{"class":94},[84,142377,3230],{"class":387},[84,142379,7172],{"class":391},[84,142381,3236],{"class":387},[84,142383,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142385,116],{"class":98},[84,142387,103],{"class":102},[84,142389,34586],{"class":121},[84,142391,425],{"class":102},[84,142393,141128],{"class":121},[84,142395,103],{"class":102},[84,142397,854],{"class":387},[84,142399,79],{"class":391},[84,142401,854],{"class":387},[84,142403,147],{"class":102},[84,142405,4645],{"class":128},[24,142407,39132],{},[75,142409,142411],{"className":77,"code":142410,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142412,142413],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142414,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142416,116],{"class":98},[84,142418,103],{"class":102},[84,142420,34586],{"class":121},[84,142422,425],{"class":102},[84,142424,8517],{"class":121},[84,142426,8514],{"class":102},[84,142428,141128],{"class":121},[84,142430,103],{"class":102},[84,142432,854],{"class":387},[84,142434,79],{"class":391},[84,142436,854],{"class":387},[84,142438,147],{"class":102},[84,142440,3538],{"class":128},[1667,142442,29526,142444,136974],{"id":142443},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142445,127420],{},[24,142447,142448],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[75,142450,142452],{"className":77,"code":142451,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142453,142454,142462,142466,142471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142455,142456,142458,142460],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142457,2329],{"class":90},[84,142459,95],{"class":94},[84,142461,124734],{"class":106},[84,142463,142464],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142465,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142467,142468],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,142469,142470],{"class":128},"# This will cause an error:\n",[84,142472,142473],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,142474,142475],{"class":128},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[24,142477,39132],{},[75,142479,142481],{"className":77,"code":142480,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142482,142483,142497],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142484,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142486,2329],{"class":90},[84,142488,95],{"class":94},[84,142490,48772],{"class":139},[84,142492,103],{"class":102},[84,142494,50114],{"class":106},[84,142496,110],{"class":102},[84,142498,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142500,116],{"class":98},[84,142502,103],{"class":102},[84,142504,2354],{"class":121},[84,142506,425],{"class":102},[84,142508,141128],{"class":121},[84,142510,103],{"class":102},[84,142512,854],{"class":387},[84,142514,838],{"class":391},[84,142516,854],{"class":387},[84,142518,147],{"class":102},[84,142520,3538],{"class":128},[1667,142522,37076,142524,8582,142526],{"id":142523},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142525,127420],{},[15,142527,476],{},[24,142529,142530,142532],{},[15,142531,127420],{}," checks only the beginning.",[24,142534,142535,142536,142538,142539,425],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142537,476],{}," or methods like ",[419,142540,142541],{"href":124062},[15,142542,124047],{},[75,142544,142546],{"className":77,"code":142545,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142547,142548,142560,142564,142588],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142549,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142551,34565],{"class":90},[84,142553,95],{"class":94},[84,142555,3230],{"class":387},[84,142557,60273],{"class":391},[84,142559,3236],{"class":387},[84,142561,142562],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142563,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142565,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,142567,116],{"class":98},[84,142569,103],{"class":102},[84,142571,34586],{"class":121},[84,142573,425],{"class":102},[84,142575,141128],{"class":121},[84,142577,103],{"class":102},[84,142579,854],{"class":387},[84,142581,60457],{"class":391},[84,142583,854],{"class":387},[84,142585,147],{"class":102},[84,142587,4645],{"class":128},[84,142589,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,142591,116],{"class":98},[84,142593,103],{"class":102},[84,142595,854],{"class":387},[84,142597,60457],{"class":391},[84,142599,854],{"class":387},[84,142601,620],{"class":470},[84,142603,42713],{"class":121},[84,142605,125],{"class":102},[84,142607,142608],{"class":128},"           # True\n",[24,142610,135526,142611,425],{},[419,142612,127088],{"href":123307},[1667,142614,4577,142616,28,142618,142620],{"id":142615},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142617,35949],{},[15,142619,52529],{}," use index positions",[24,142622,142623,142624,425],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142625,279],{},[75,142627,142629],{"className":77,"code":142628,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142630,142631,142644,142648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142632,142633,142635,142637,142639,142642],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142634,34565],{"class":90},[84,142636,95],{"class":94},[84,142638,3230],{"class":387},[84,142640,142641],{"class":391},"abcdef",[84,142643,3236],{"class":387},[84,142645,142646],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142647,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,142649,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,142651,116],{"class":98},[84,142653,103],{"class":102},[84,142655,34586],{"class":121},[84,142657,425],{"class":102},[84,142659,141128],{"class":121},[84,142661,103],{"class":102},[84,142663,854],{"class":387},[84,142665,142666],{"class":391},"cd",[84,142668,854],{"class":387},[84,142670,282],{"class":102},[84,142672,304],{"class":106},[84,142674,147],{"class":102},[84,142676,3538],{"class":128},[1667,142678,142680],{"id":142679},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[24,142682,142683],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[24,142685,16526],{},[75,142687,142689],{"className":77,"code":142688,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142690,142691],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142692,142693],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142694,142688],{"class":128},[24,142696,16538],{},[75,142698,142700],{"className":77,"code":142699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142701,142702,142714],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142703,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142705,34565],{"class":90},[84,142707,95],{"class":94},[84,142709,3230],{"class":387},[84,142711,7172],{"class":391},[84,142713,3236],{"class":387},[84,142715,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142741,142743,142745],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142717,116],{"class":98},[84,142719,103],{"class":102},[84,142721,34586],{"class":121},[84,142723,425],{"class":102},[84,142725,141128],{"class":121},[84,142727,5384],{"class":102},[84,142729,854],{"class":387},[84,142731,141239],{"class":391},[84,142733,854],{"class":387},[84,142735,282],{"class":102},[84,142737,3230],{"class":387},[84,142739,142740],{"class":391},"Ja",[84,142742,854],{"class":387},[84,142744,50960],{"class":102},[84,142746,3538],{"class":128},[24,142748,31959],{},[75,142750,142752],{"className":77,"code":142751,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142753,142754,142764,142778,142800,142826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142755,142756,142758,142760,142762],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142757,116],{"class":98},[84,142759,103],{"class":102},[84,142761,34586],{"class":121},[84,142763,110],{"class":102},[84,142765,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,142767,116],{"class":98},[84,142769,103],{"class":102},[84,142771,334],{"class":139},[84,142773,103],{"class":102},[84,142775,34586],{"class":121},[84,142777,232],{"class":102},[84,142779,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,142781,116],{"class":98},[84,142783,103],{"class":102},[84,142785,34586],{"class":121},[84,142787,425],{"class":102},[84,142789,141128],{"class":121},[84,142791,103],{"class":102},[84,142793,854],{"class":387},[84,142795,141239],{"class":391},[84,142797,854],{"class":387},[84,142799,232],{"class":102},[84,142801,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,142803,116],{"class":98},[84,142805,103],{"class":102},[84,142807,34586],{"class":121},[84,142809,425],{"class":102},[84,142811,8517],{"class":121},[84,142813,8514],{"class":102},[84,142815,141128],{"class":121},[84,142817,103],{"class":102},[84,142819,854],{"class":387},[84,142821,128498],{"class":391},[84,142823,854],{"class":387},[84,142825,232],{"class":102},[84,142827,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,142829,116],{"class":98},[84,142831,103],{"class":102},[84,142833,34586],{"class":121},[84,142835,425],{"class":102},[84,142837,141128],{"class":121},[84,142839,5384],{"class":102},[84,142841,854],{"class":387},[84,142843,141239],{"class":391},[84,142845,854],{"class":387},[84,142847,282],{"class":102},[84,142849,3230],{"class":387},[84,142851,142740],{"class":391},[84,142853,854],{"class":387},[84,142855,345],{"class":102},[70,142857,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,142859,12586,142861,127898],{"id":142860},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142862,127420],{},[24,142864,142865,142866,2759,142868,425],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142867,3481],{},[15,142869,3548],{},[1667,142871,5043,142873,142875],{"id":142872},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142874,127420],{}," check more than one prefix?",[24,142877,142878],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[75,142880,142882],{"className":77,"code":142881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142883,142884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142885,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142887,34586],{"class":90},[84,142889,425],{"class":102},[84,142891,141128],{"class":121},[84,142893,5384],{"class":102},[84,142895,854],{"class":387},[84,142897,419],{"class":391},[84,142899,854],{"class":387},[84,142901,282],{"class":102},[84,142903,3230],{"class":387},[84,142905,4634],{"class":391},[84,142907,854],{"class":387},[84,142909,232],{"class":102},[1667,142911,1670,142913,124388],{"id":142912},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142914,127420],{},[24,142916,129581],{},[1667,142918,5053,142920,28,142922,1689],{"id":142919},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142921,127420],{},[15,142923,476],{},[24,142925,142926,142928,142929,142931],{},[15,142927,127420],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142930,476],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1667,142933,28205,142935,28,142937,8582,142939,1689],{"id":142934},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142936,35949],{},[15,142938,52529],{},[15,142940,127420],{},[24,142942,142943],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[70,142945,1777],{"id":1776},[33,142947,142948,142954,142960,142966,142970],{},[36,142949,142950],{},[419,142951,126052,142952,10620],{"href":129646},[15,142953,126110],{},[36,142955,142956],{},[419,142957,126052,142958,10620],{"href":124062},[15,142959,124047],{},[36,142961,142962],{},[419,142963,126052,142964,10620],{"href":123779},[15,142965,123782],{},[36,142967,142968],{},[419,142969,124451],{"href":123307},[36,142971,142972],{},[419,142973,124807],{"href":50844},[1814,142975,142976],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":142978},[142979,142981,142982,142988,142989,142991,142992,142993,142995,143005,143017],{"id":141174,"depth":113,"text":142980},"What startswith() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":141453,"depth":113,"text":141454,"children":142983},[142984,142985,142986,142987],{"id":141291,"depth":132,"text":141291},{"id":35949,"depth":132,"text":35949},{"id":52529,"depth":132,"text":52529},{"id":141620,"depth":132,"text":141621},{"id":17300,"depth":113,"text":17301},{"id":141798,"depth":113,"text":142990},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141952,"depth":113,"text":141953},{"id":123698,"depth":113,"text":123699},{"id":142254,"depth":113,"text":142994},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":142996},[142997,142998,143000,143002,143004],{"id":142360,"depth":132,"text":138492},{"id":142443,"depth":132,"text":142999},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142523,"depth":132,"text":143001},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142615,"depth":132,"text":143003},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142679,"depth":132,"text":142680},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":143006},[143007,143009,143011,143013,143015],{"id":142860,"depth":132,"text":143008},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142872,"depth":132,"text":143010},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142912,"depth":132,"text":143012},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142919,"depth":132,"text":143014},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142934,"depth":132,"text":143016},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141074,"description":143018},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143025,"title":143026,"body":143027,"description":144481,"extension":1845,"meta":144482,"navigation":237,"path":144483,"seo":144484,"stem":144485,"__hash__":144486},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143028,"toc":144451},[143029,143034,143039,143042,143044,143088,143090,143098,143103,143108,143113,143115,143133,143135,143181,143183,143197,143206,143210,143212,143214,143226,143231,143234,143266,143268,143277,143282,143285,143326,143328,143336,143338,143351,143357,143361,143364,143380,143382,143431,143433,143442,143445,143504,143506,143515,143522,143525,143578,143580,143604,143611,143617,143621,143627,143630,143641,143643,143683,143685,143693,143695,143735,143737,143746,143748,143766,143769,143776,143787,143790,143807,143809,143886,143888,143919,143922,143924,143927,143953,143955,143995,143997,144006,144016,144024,144032,144037,144042,144044,144058,144060,144111,144113,144122,144132,144134,144136,144158,144161,144240,144242,144278,144281,144356,144361,144363,144369,144374,144379,144382,144388,144391,144398,144406,144410,144418,144420,144448],[10,143030,123052,143032,11201],{"id":143031},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143033,41525],{},[24,143035,32194,143036,143038],{},[15,143037,41525],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[24,143040,143041],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[70,143043,73],{"id":72},[75,143045,143047],{"className":77,"code":143046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143048,143049,143062,143077],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143050,143051,143053,143055,143057,143060],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143052,34565],{"class":90},[84,143054,95],{"class":94},[84,143056,3230],{"class":387},[84,143058,143059],{"class":391},"  hello  ",[84,143061,3236],{"class":387},[84,143063,143064,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143065,143066],{"class":90},"clean_text ",[84,143068,95],{"class":94},[84,143070,42713],{"class":90},[84,143072,425],{"class":102},[84,143074,8511],{"class":121},[84,143076,8520],{"class":102},[84,143078,143079,143081,143083,143086],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,143080,116],{"class":98},[84,143082,103],{"class":102},[84,143084,143085],{"class":121},"clean_text",[84,143087,110],{"class":102},[24,143089,265],{},[75,143091,143092],{"className":77,"code":138367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,143093,143094],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143095,143096],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143097,138367],{"class":90},[24,143099,153,143100,143102],{},[15,143101,41525],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[70,143104,429,143106,3554],{"id":143105},"what-strip-does",[15,143107,41525],{},[24,143109,143110,143112],{},[15,143111,41525],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[24,143114,12935],{},[33,143116,143117,143121,143124,143127,143130],{},[36,143118,143119,131402],{},[15,143120,41525],{},[36,143122,143123],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[36,143125,143126],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[36,143128,143129],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[36,143131,143132],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[24,143134,190],{},[75,143136,143138],{"className":77,"code":143137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143139,143140,143153,143157,143171],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143141,143142,143144,143146,143148,143151],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143143,34565],{"class":90},[84,143145,95],{"class":94},[84,143147,3230],{"class":387},[84,143149,143150],{"class":391},"  hello world  ",[84,143152,3236],{"class":387},[84,143154,143155],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143156,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,143158,143159,143161,143163,143165,143167,143169],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,143160,116],{"class":98},[84,143162,103],{"class":102},[84,143164,34586],{"class":121},[84,143166,425],{"class":102},[84,143168,8511],{"class":121},[84,143170,7069],{"class":102},[84,143172,143173,143175,143177,143179],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,143174,116],{"class":98},[84,143176,103],{"class":102},[84,143178,34586],{"class":121},[84,143180,110],{"class":102},[24,143182,265],{},[75,143184,143186],{"className":77,"code":143185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143187,143188,143192],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143189,143190],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143191,134068],{"class":90},[84,143193,143194],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143195,143196],{"class":90},"  hello world\n",[24,143198,143199,143200,143202,143203,143205],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143201,41525],{},", but the original ",[15,143204,34586],{}," value is unchanged.",[24,143207,124804,143208,425],{},[419,143209,124807],{"href":50844},[70,143211,2038],{"id":2037},[24,143213,26363],{},[33,143215,143216,143221],{},[36,143217,143218],{},[15,143219,143220],{},"string.strip()",[36,143222,143223],{},[15,143224,143225],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1667,143227,143229],{"id":143228},"stringstrip",[15,143230,143220],{},[24,143232,143233],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[75,143235,143237],{"className":77,"code":143236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143238,143239,143252],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143240,143241,143243,143245,143247,143250],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143242,7754],{"class":90},[84,143244,95],{"class":94},[84,143246,3230],{"class":387},[84,143248,143249],{"class":391},"  Alice  ",[84,143251,3236],{"class":387},[84,143253,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143255,116],{"class":98},[84,143257,103],{"class":102},[84,143259,7544],{"class":121},[84,143261,425],{"class":102},[84,143263,8511],{"class":121},[84,143265,7069],{"class":102},[24,143267,265],{},[75,143269,143271],{"className":77,"code":143270,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Alice\n",[15,143272,143273],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143274,143275],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143276,143270],{"class":90},[1667,143278,143280],{"id":143279},"stringstripchars",[15,143281,143225],{},[24,143283,143284],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[75,143286,143288],{"className":77,"code":143287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143289,143290,143303],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143291,143292,143294,143296,143298,143301],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143293,34565],{"class":90},[84,143295,95],{"class":94},[84,143297,3230],{"class":387},[84,143299,143300],{"class":391},"!!hello??",[84,143302,3236],{"class":387},[84,143304,143305,143307,143309,143311,143313,143315,143317,143319,143322,143324],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143306,116],{"class":98},[84,143308,103],{"class":102},[84,143310,34586],{"class":121},[84,143312,425],{"class":102},[84,143314,8511],{"class":121},[84,143316,103],{"class":102},[84,143318,854],{"class":387},[84,143320,143321],{"class":391},"!?",[84,143323,854],{"class":387},[84,143325,232],{"class":102},[24,143327,265],{},[75,143329,143330],{"className":77,"code":138367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,143331,143332],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143333,143334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143335,138367],{"class":90},[24,143337,83683],{},[33,143339,143340,143345],{},[36,143341,143342,143344],{},[15,143343,134311],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[36,143346,143347,143348,143350],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143349,134311],{}," does not matter",[70,143352,143354,143355],{"id":143353},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143356,41525],{},[24,143358,30761,143359,425],{},[15,143360,41525],{},[24,143362,143363],{},"It is useful for:",[33,143365,143366,143371,143374,143377],{},[36,143367,143368,143369,3760],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143370,2837],{},[36,143372,143373],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[36,143375,143376],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[36,143378,143379],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[24,143381,48230],{},[75,143383,143385],{"className":77,"code":143384,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143386,143387,143400,143416,143420],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143388,143389,143391,143393,143395,143398],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143390,7839],{"class":90},[84,143392,95],{"class":94},[84,143394,3230],{"class":387},[84,143396,143397],{"class":391},"  sam  ",[84,143399,3236],{"class":387},[84,143401,143402,143405,143407,143410,143412,143414],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143403,143404],{"class":90},"clean_username ",[84,143406,95],{"class":94},[84,143408,143409],{"class":90}," username",[84,143411,425],{"class":102},[84,143413,8511],{"class":121},[84,143415,8520],{"class":102},[84,143417,143418],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,143419,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,143421,143422,143424,143426,143429],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,143423,116],{"class":98},[84,143425,103],{"class":102},[84,143427,143428],{"class":121},"clean_username",[84,143430,110],{"class":102},[24,143432,265],{},[75,143434,143436],{"className":77,"code":143435,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sam\n",[15,143437,143438],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143439,143440],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143441,143435],{"class":90},[24,143443,143444],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[75,143446,143448],{"className":77,"code":143447,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143449,143450,143463,143467,143489],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143451,143452,143454,143456,143458,143461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143453,136295],{"class":90},[84,143455,95],{"class":94},[84,143457,3230],{"class":387},[84,143459,143460],{"class":391}," yes  ",[84,143462,3236],{"class":387},[84,143464,143465],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143466,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,143468,143469,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483,143485,143487],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,143470,6872],{"class":470},[84,143472,136315],{"class":90},[84,143474,425],{"class":102},[84,143476,8511],{"class":121},[84,143478,7241],{"class":102},[84,143480,6281],{"class":94},[84,143482,3230],{"class":387},[84,143484,8535],{"class":391},[84,143486,854],{"class":387},[84,143488,6266],{"class":102},[84,143490,143491,143493,143495,143497,143500,143502],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,143492,490],{"class":98},[84,143494,103],{"class":102},[84,143496,854],{"class":387},[84,143498,143499],{"class":391},"Matched",[84,143501,854],{"class":387},[84,143503,110],{"class":102},[24,143505,265],{},[75,143507,143509],{"className":77,"code":143508,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Matched\n",[15,143510,143511],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143512,143513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143514,143508],{"class":90},[24,143516,143517,143518,425],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[419,143519,143521],{"href":143520},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[24,143523,143524],{},"Example with file-style text:",[75,143526,143528],{"className":77,"code":143527,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143529,143530,143546,143560],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143531,143532,143535,143537,143539,143542,143544],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143533,143534],{"class":90},"line ",[84,143536,95],{"class":94},[84,143538,3230],{"class":387},[84,143540,143541],{"class":391},"Python basics",[84,143543,87015],{"class":34330},[84,143545,3236],{"class":387},[84,143547,143548,143550,143552,143554,143556,143558],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143549,116],{"class":98},[84,143551,103],{"class":102},[84,143553,41651],{"class":98},[84,143555,103],{"class":102},[84,143557,86],{"class":121},[84,143559,232],{"class":102},[84,143561,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,143563,116],{"class":98},[84,143565,103],{"class":102},[84,143567,41651],{"class":98},[84,143569,103],{"class":102},[84,143571,86],{"class":121},[84,143573,425],{"class":102},[84,143575,8511],{"class":121},[84,143577,6162],{"class":102},[24,143579,265],{},[75,143581,143583],{"className":77,"code":143582,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143584,143585,143596],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143586,143587,143589,143591,143594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143588,394],{"class":43200},[84,143590,143541],{"class":43204},[84,143592,87015],{"class":143593},"sfi6f",[84,143595,1257],{"class":43200},[84,143597,143598,143600,143602],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143599,394],{"class":43200},[84,143601,143541],{"class":43204},[84,143603,1257],{"class":43200},[24,143605,1442,143606,143608,143609,425],{},[15,143607,122266],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143610,87015],{},[24,143612,143613,143614,425],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[419,143615,143616],{"href":87668},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[70,143618,143620],{"id":143619},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[24,143622,143623,143624,425],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143625,143626],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[24,143628,143629],{},"Python will:",[33,143631,143632,143635,143638],{},[36,143633,143634],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[36,143636,143637],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[36,143639,143640],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[24,143642,190],{},[75,143644,143646],{"className":77,"code":143645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143647,143648,143661],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143649,143650,143652,143654,143656,143659],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143651,34565],{"class":90},[84,143653,95],{"class":94},[84,143655,3230],{"class":387},[84,143657,143658],{"class":391},"??hello!!",[84,143660,3236],{"class":387},[84,143662,143663,143665,143667,143669,143671,143673,143675,143677,143679,143681],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143664,116],{"class":98},[84,143666,103],{"class":102},[84,143668,34586],{"class":121},[84,143670,425],{"class":102},[84,143672,8511],{"class":121},[84,143674,103],{"class":102},[84,143676,854],{"class":387},[84,143678,143321],{"class":391},[84,143680,854],{"class":387},[84,143682,232],{"class":102},[24,143684,265],{},[75,143686,143687],{"className":77,"code":138367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,143688,143689],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143690,143691],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143692,138367],{"class":90},[24,143694,51949],{},[75,143696,143698],{"className":77,"code":143697,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143699,143700,143713],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143701,143702,143704,143706,143708,143711],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143703,34565],{"class":90},[84,143705,95],{"class":94},[84,143707,3230],{"class":387},[84,143709,143710],{"class":391},"abcHelloCba",[84,143712,3236],{"class":387},[84,143714,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731,143733],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143716,116],{"class":98},[84,143718,103],{"class":102},[84,143720,34586],{"class":121},[84,143722,425],{"class":102},[84,143724,8511],{"class":121},[84,143726,103],{"class":102},[84,143728,854],{"class":387},[84,143730,41432],{"class":391},[84,143732,854],{"class":387},[84,143734,232],{"class":102},[24,143736,265],{},[75,143738,143740],{"className":77,"code":143739,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HelloC\n",[15,143741,143742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143743,143744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143745,143739],{"class":90},[24,143747,6107],{},[24,143749,143750,13937,143753,143755,143756,143758,143759,1263,143761,1267,143763,143765],{},[15,143751,143752],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[42,143754,1367],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143757,41432],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143760,419],{},[15,143762,4634],{},[15,143764,9619],{}," characters from both ends”.",[24,143767,143768],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[24,143770,143771,143772,6505],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[419,143773,143774],{"href":129633},[15,143775,124223],{},[70,143777,143779,18,143781,18,143784],{"id":143778},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143780,41525],{},[15,143782,143783],{},"lstrip()",[15,143785,143786],{},"rstrip()",[24,143788,143789],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[33,143791,143792,143797,143802],{},[36,143793,143794,143796],{},[15,143795,41525],{}," removes from both ends",[36,143798,143799,143801],{},[15,143800,143783],{}," removes from the left side only",[36,143803,143804,143806],{},[15,143805,143786],{}," removes from the right side only",[24,143808,190],{},[75,143810,143812],{"className":77,"code":143811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143813,143814,143826,143830,143848,143867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143815,143816,143818,143820,143822,143824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143817,34565],{"class":90},[84,143819,95],{"class":94},[84,143821,3230],{"class":387},[84,143823,143059],{"class":391},[84,143825,3236],{"class":387},[84,143827,143828],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143829,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,143831,143832,143834,143836,143838,143840,143842,143844,143846],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,143833,116],{"class":98},[84,143835,103],{"class":102},[84,143837,41651],{"class":98},[84,143839,103],{"class":102},[84,143841,34586],{"class":121},[84,143843,425],{"class":102},[84,143845,8511],{"class":121},[84,143847,6162],{"class":102},[84,143849,143850,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862,143865],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,143851,116],{"class":98},[84,143853,103],{"class":102},[84,143855,41651],{"class":98},[84,143857,103],{"class":102},[84,143859,34586],{"class":121},[84,143861,425],{"class":102},[84,143863,143864],{"class":121},"lstrip",[84,143866,6162],{"class":102},[84,143868,143869,143871,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143884],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,143870,116],{"class":98},[84,143872,103],{"class":102},[84,143874,41651],{"class":98},[84,143876,103],{"class":102},[84,143878,34586],{"class":121},[84,143880,425],{"class":102},[84,143882,143883],{"class":121},"rstrip",[84,143885,6162],{"class":102},[24,143887,265],{},[75,143889,143891],{"className":77,"code":143890,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143892,143893,143901,143910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143894,143895,143897,143899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143896,394],{"class":43200},[84,143898,3721],{"class":43204},[84,143900,1257],{"class":43200},[84,143902,143903,143905,143908],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143904,394],{"class":43200},[84,143906,143907],{"class":43204},"hello  ",[84,143909,1257],{"class":43200},[84,143911,143912,143914,143917],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,143913,394],{"class":43200},[84,143915,143916],{"class":43204},"  hello",[84,143918,1257],{"class":43200},[24,143920,143921],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[70,143923,108060],{"id":108059},[24,143925,143926],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[33,143928,143929,143937,143947,143950],{},[36,143930,143931,143933,143934,143936],{},[15,143932,143752],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143935,41401],{}," once",[36,143938,143939,143940,1263,143942,1267,143944,143946],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143941,419],{},[15,143943,4634],{},[15,143945,9619],{}," from both ends",[36,143948,143949],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[36,143951,143952],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[24,143954,190],{},[75,143956,143958],{"className":77,"code":143957,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143959,143960,143973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143961,143962,143964,143966,143968,143971],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143963,126135],{"class":90},[84,143965,95],{"class":94},[84,143967,3230],{"class":387},[84,143969,143970],{"class":391},"txt_report.txt",[84,143972,3236],{"class":387},[84,143974,143975,143977,143979,143981,143983,143985,143987,143989,143991,143993],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,143976,116],{"class":98},[84,143978,103],{"class":102},[84,143980,126153],{"class":121},[84,143982,425],{"class":102},[84,143984,8511],{"class":121},[84,143986,103],{"class":102},[84,143988,854],{"class":387},[84,143990,126188],{"class":391},[84,143992,854],{"class":387},[84,143994,232],{"class":102},[24,143996,265],{},[75,143998,144000],{"className":77,"code":143999,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"_report\n",[15,144001,144002],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144003,144004],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144005,143999],{"class":90},[24,144007,144008,144009,1263,144011,1267,144013,144015],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144010,425],{},[15,144012,63152],{},[15,144014,2055],{}," characters from both ends.",[24,144017,53522,144018,4657,144021,144023],{},[15,144019,144020],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[42,144022,1367],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[24,144025,144026,144027,144031],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[419,144028,144029],{"href":129633},[15,144030,124223],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[70,144033,792,144035],{"id":144034},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144036,41525],{},[24,144038,153,144039,144041],{},[15,144040,41525],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[24,144043,36300],{},[33,144045,144046,144050,144052,144055],{},[36,144047,143368,144048,3760],{},[15,144049,2837],{},[36,144051,143373],{},[36,144053,144054],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[36,144056,144057],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[24,144059,190],{},[75,144061,144063],{"className":77,"code":144062,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144064,144065,144079,144083,144096],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144066,144067,144070,144072,144074,144077],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144068,144069],{"class":90},"email ",[84,144071,95],{"class":94},[84,144073,3230],{"class":387},[84,144075,144076],{"class":391},"  user@example.com  ",[84,144078,3236],{"class":387},[84,144080,144081],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144082,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,144084,144085,144087,144090,144092,144094],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144086,6872],{"class":470},[84,144088,144089],{"class":90}," email",[84,144091,425],{"class":102},[84,144093,8511],{"class":121},[84,144095,21478],{"class":102},[84,144097,144098,144100,144102,144104,144107,144109],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144099,490],{"class":98},[84,144101,103],{"class":102},[84,144103,854],{"class":387},[84,144105,144106],{"class":391},"Email was entered",[84,144108,854],{"class":387},[84,144110,110],{"class":102},[24,144112,265],{},[75,144114,144116],{"className":77,"code":144115,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Email was entered\n",[15,144117,144118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144119,144120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144121,144115],{"class":90},[24,144123,144124,144125,144127,144128,425],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144126,41525],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[419,144129,144130],{"href":123779},[15,144131,123782],{},[70,144133,1434],{"id":1433},[24,144135,84102],{},[33,144137,144138,144142,144147,144152],{},[36,144139,8329,144140,131272],{},[15,144141,41525],{},[36,144143,8329,144144,144146],{},[15,144145,41525],{}," to remove text from the middle",[36,144148,1442,144149,144151],{},[15,144150,144020],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[36,144153,4577,144154,144157],{},[15,144155,144156],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[24,144159,144160],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[75,144162,144164],{"className":77,"code":144163,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144165,144166,144180,144184,144194,144208,144222],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144167,144168,144170,144172,144174,144176,144178],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144169,34565],{"class":90},[84,144171,95],{"class":94},[84,144173,3230],{"class":387},[84,144175,143916],{"class":391},[84,144177,87015],{"class":34330},[84,144179,3236],{"class":387},[84,144181,144182],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144183,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,144185,144186,144188,144190,144192],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144187,116],{"class":98},[84,144189,103],{"class":102},[84,144191,34586],{"class":121},[84,144193,110],{"class":102},[84,144195,144196,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144197,116],{"class":98},[84,144199,103],{"class":102},[84,144201,41651],{"class":98},[84,144203,103],{"class":102},[84,144205,34586],{"class":121},[84,144207,232],{"class":102},[84,144209,144210,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,144211,116],{"class":98},[84,144213,103],{"class":102},[84,144215,34586],{"class":121},[84,144217,425],{"class":102},[84,144219,8511],{"class":121},[84,144221,7069],{"class":102},[84,144223,144224,144226,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236,144238],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,144225,116],{"class":98},[84,144227,103],{"class":102},[84,144229,41651],{"class":98},[84,144231,103],{"class":102},[84,144233,34586],{"class":121},[84,144235,425],{"class":102},[84,144237,8511],{"class":121},[84,144239,6162],{"class":102},[24,144241,265],{},[75,144243,144245],{"className":77,"code":144244,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144246,144247,144252,144256,144266,144270],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144248,144249],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144250,144251],{"class":90},"  hello\n",[84,144253,144254],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144255,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,144257,144258,144260,144262,144264],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144259,394],{"class":43200},[84,144261,143916],{"class":43204},[84,144263,87015],{"class":143593},[84,144265,1257],{"class":43200},[84,144267,144268],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144269,138367],{"class":90},[84,144271,144272,144274,144276],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,144273,394],{"class":43200},[84,144275,3721],{"class":43204},[84,144277,1257],{"class":43200},[24,144279,144280],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[75,144282,144284],{"className":77,"code":144283,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144285,144286,144296,144310,144324,144342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144287,144288,144290,144292,144294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144289,116],{"class":98},[84,144291,103],{"class":102},[84,144293,34586],{"class":121},[84,144295,110],{"class":102},[84,144297,144298,144300,144302,144304,144306,144308],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144299,116],{"class":98},[84,144301,103],{"class":102},[84,144303,41651],{"class":98},[84,144305,103],{"class":102},[84,144307,34586],{"class":121},[84,144309,232],{"class":102},[84,144311,144312,144314,144316,144318,144320,144322],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144313,116],{"class":98},[84,144315,103],{"class":102},[84,144317,34586],{"class":121},[84,144319,425],{"class":102},[84,144321,8511],{"class":121},[84,144323,7069],{"class":102},[84,144325,144326,144328,144330,144332,144334,144336,144338,144340],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144327,116],{"class":98},[84,144329,103],{"class":102},[84,144331,41651],{"class":98},[84,144333,103],{"class":102},[84,144335,34586],{"class":121},[84,144337,425],{"class":102},[84,144339,8511],{"class":121},[84,144341,6162],{"class":102},[84,144343,144344,144346,144348,144350,144352,144354],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,144345,32029],{"class":98},[84,144347,103],{"class":102},[84,144349,3321],{"class":139},[84,144351,425],{"class":102},[84,144353,8511],{"class":24629},[84,144355,110],{"class":102},[24,144357,144358,144360],{},[15,144359,122266],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[70,144362,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,144364,12586,144366,144368],{"id":144365},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144367,41525],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[24,144370,1676,144371,144373],{},[15,144372,41525],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1667,144375,12586,144377,124379],{"id":144376},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144378,41525],{},[24,144380,144381],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1667,144383,5016,144385,144387],{"id":144384},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144386,41525],{}," remove by default?",[24,144389,144390],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1667,144392,34083,144394,34086,144396,1689],{"id":144393},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144395,41525],{},[15,144397,124223],{},[24,144399,144400,144402,144403,144405],{},[15,144401,41525],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144404,124223],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1667,144407,144409],{"id":144408},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[24,144411,127925,144412,144414,144415,144417],{},[15,144413,143783],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144416,143786],{}," for the right side.",[70,144419,1777],{"id":1776},[33,144421,144422,144428,144434,144439,144444],{},[36,144423,144424],{},[419,144425,126052,144426,10620],{"href":123779},[15,144427,123782],{},[36,144429,144430],{},[419,144431,126052,144432,10620],{"href":129633},[15,144433,124223],{},[36,144435,144436],{},[419,144437,144438],{"href":143520},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[36,144440,144441],{},[419,144442,144443],{"href":87668},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[36,144445,144446],{},[419,144447,124807],{"href":50844},[1814,144449,144450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":144452},[144453,144454,144456,144460,144462,144463,144465,144466,144468,144469,144480],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":143105,"depth":113,"text":144455},"What strip() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":144457},[144458,144459],{"id":143228,"depth":132,"text":143220},{"id":143279,"depth":132,"text":143225},{"id":143353,"depth":113,"text":144461},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143619,"depth":113,"text":143620},{"id":143778,"depth":113,"text":144464},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108059,"depth":113,"text":108060},{"id":144034,"depth":113,"text":144467},"When to use strip()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":144470},[144471,144473,144475,144477,144479],{"id":144365,"depth":132,"text":144472},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144376,"depth":132,"text":144474},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144384,"depth":132,"text":144476},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144393,"depth":132,"text":144478},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144408,"depth":132,"text":144409},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143026,"description":144481},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144488,"title":144489,"body":144490,"description":145670,"extension":1845,"meta":145671,"navigation":237,"path":145672,"seo":145673,"stem":145674,"__hash__":145675},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144491,"toc":145640},[144492,144497,144502,144507,144509,144555,144563,144568,144582,144588,144590,144592,144607,144609,144619,144622,144653,144656,144679,144681,144684,144741,144743,144757,144759,144773,144779,144784,144787,144828,144830,144839,144847,144850,144895,144897,144906,144909,144913,144918,144932,144934,144966,144968,144988,144991,144996,145001,145003,145014,145017,145074,145076,145084,145093,145095,145097,145103,145105,145142,145144,145152,145154,145195,145197,145206,145211,145216,145218,145245,145252,145255,145286,145288,145297,145303,145312,145343,145345,145357,145370,145374,145379,145409,145411,145478,145480,145490,145492,145497,145500,145505,145510,145514,145520,145526,145529,145531,145589,145591,145599,145601,145637],[10,144493,123052,144495,11201],{"id":144494},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144496,127930],{},[24,144498,123057,144499,144501],{},[15,144500,127930],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[24,144503,84479,144504,144506],{},[15,144505,127930],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[70,144508,1887],{"id":1886},[75,144510,144512],{"className":77,"code":144511,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144513,144514,144526,144540,144550],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144515,144516,144518,144520,144522,144524],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144517,34565],{"class":90},[84,144519,95],{"class":94},[84,144521,3230],{"class":387},[84,144523,128771],{"class":391},[84,144525,3236],{"class":387},[84,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144529,2110],{"class":90},[84,144531,95],{"class":94},[84,144533,42713],{"class":90},[84,144535,425],{"class":102},[84,144537,34355],{"class":121},[84,144539,8520],{"class":102},[84,144541,144542,144544,144546,144548],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144543,116],{"class":98},[84,144545,103],{"class":102},[84,144547,2145],{"class":121},[84,144549,110],{"class":102},[84,144551,144552],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144553,144554],{"class":128},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[24,144556,144557,144559,144560,144562],{},[15,144558,127930],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[42,144561,1367],{}," change the original string in place.",[70,144564,429,144566,3554],{"id":144565},"what-upper-does",[15,144567,127930],{},[33,144569,144570,144575,144578,144580],{},[36,144571,144572,144574],{},[15,144573,127930],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[36,144576,144577],{},"It works on string values only",[36,144579,133300],{},[36,144581,136018],{},[24,144583,124804,144584,2759,144586,425],{},[419,144585,136024],{"href":136023},[419,144587,124807],{"href":50844},[70,144589,2038],{"id":2037},[24,144591,2041],{},[75,144593,144595],{"className":77,"code":144594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.upper()\n",[15,144596,144597],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144598,144599,144601,144603,144605],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144600,61040],{"class":90},[84,144602,425],{"class":102},[84,144604,34355],{"class":121},[84,144606,8520],{"class":102},[24,144608,11338],{},[33,144610,144611,144613,144616],{},[36,144612,97225],{},[36,144614,144615],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[36,144617,144618],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[24,144620,144621],{},"Example with a variable:",[75,144623,144625],{"className":77,"code":144624,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144626,144627,144639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144628,144629,144631,144633,144635,144637],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144630,7754],{"class":90},[84,144632,95],{"class":94},[84,144634,3230],{"class":387},[84,144636,79],{"class":391},[84,144638,3236],{"class":387},[84,144640,144641,144643,144645,144647,144649,144651],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144642,116],{"class":98},[84,144644,103],{"class":102},[84,144646,7544],{"class":121},[84,144648,425],{"class":102},[84,144650,34355],{"class":121},[84,144652,7069],{"class":102},[24,144654,144655],{},"Example with a string literal:",[75,144657,144659],{"className":77,"code":144658,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144660,144661],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144662,144663,144665,144667,144669,144671,144673,144675,144677],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144664,116],{"class":98},[84,144666,103],{"class":102},[84,144668,854],{"class":387},[84,144670,3721],{"class":391},[84,144672,854],{"class":387},[84,144674,425],{"class":102},[84,144676,34355],{"class":121},[84,144678,7069],{"class":102},[70,144680,11355],{"id":11354},[24,144682,144683],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[75,144685,144687],{"className":77,"code":144686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144688,144689,144701,144716,144720,144730],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144690,144691,144693,144695,144697,144699],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144692,6026],{"class":90},[84,144694,95],{"class":94},[84,144696,3230],{"class":387},[84,144698,3961],{"class":391},[84,144700,3236],{"class":387},[84,144702,144703,144706,144708,144710,144712,144714],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144704,144705],{"class":90},"uppercase_word ",[84,144707,95],{"class":94},[84,144709,38251],{"class":90},[84,144711,425],{"class":102},[84,144713,34355],{"class":121},[84,144715,8520],{"class":102},[84,144717,144718],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144719,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,144721,144722,144724,144726,144728],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144723,116],{"class":98},[84,144725,103],{"class":102},[84,144727,38261],{"class":121},[84,144729,110],{"class":102},[84,144731,144732,144734,144736,144739],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,144733,116],{"class":98},[84,144735,103],{"class":102},[84,144737,144738],{"class":121},"uppercase_word",[84,144740,110],{"class":102},[24,144742,265],{},[75,144744,144746],{"className":77,"code":144745,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144747,144748,144752],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144749,144750],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144751,70269],{"class":90},[84,144753,144754],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144755,144756],{"class":34330},"BANANA\n",[24,144758,112166],{},[33,144760,144761,144766],{},[36,144762,144763,144765],{},[15,144764,38261],{}," keeps its original value",[36,144767,144768,144770,144771],{},[15,144769,144738],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144772,127930],{},[70,144774,144776,144778],{"id":144775},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144777,127930],{}," does not change the original string",[24,144780,136684,144781,144783],{},[42,144782,136687],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[24,144785,144786],{},"So this method:",[75,144788,144790],{"className":77,"code":144789,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144791,144792,144804,144814,144818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144793,144794,144796,144798,144800,144802],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144795,7754],{"class":90},[84,144797,95],{"class":94},[84,144799,3230],{"class":387},[84,144801,17686],{"class":391},[84,144803,3236],{"class":387},[84,144805,144806,144808,144810,144812],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144807,7544],{"class":90},[84,144809,425],{"class":102},[84,144811,34355],{"class":121},[84,144813,8520],{"class":102},[84,144815,144816],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144817,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,144819,144820,144822,144824,144826],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144821,116],{"class":98},[84,144823,103],{"class":102},[84,144825,7544],{"class":121},[84,144827,110],{"class":102},[24,144829,265],{},[75,144831,144833],{"className":77,"code":144832,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"alice\n",[15,144834,144835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144836,144837],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144838,144832],{"class":90},[24,144840,20861,144841,144843,144844,144846],{},[15,144842,127930],{}," was called, ",[15,144845,7544],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[24,144848,144849],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[75,144851,144853],{"className":77,"code":144852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144854,144855,144867,144881,144885],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144856,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144858,7754],{"class":90},[84,144860,95],{"class":94},[84,144862,3230],{"class":387},[84,144864,17686],{"class":391},[84,144866,3236],{"class":387},[84,144868,144869,144871,144873,144875,144877,144879],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144870,7754],{"class":90},[84,144872,95],{"class":94},[84,144874,35868],{"class":90},[84,144876,425],{"class":102},[84,144878,34355],{"class":121},[84,144880,8520],{"class":102},[84,144882,144883],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,144884,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,144886,144887,144889,144891,144893],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,144888,116],{"class":98},[84,144890,103],{"class":102},[84,144892,7544],{"class":121},[84,144894,110],{"class":102},[24,144896,265],{},[75,144898,144900],{"className":77,"code":144899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ALICE\n",[15,144901,144902],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144903,144904],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144905,144899],{"class":34330},[24,144907,144908],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[70,144910,144912],{"id":144911},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[24,144914,144915,144917],{},[15,144916,127930],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[33,144919,144920,144923,144926,144929],{},[36,144921,144922],{},"Numbers stay the same",[36,144924,144925],{},"Spaces stay the same",[36,144927,144928],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[36,144930,144931],{},"Only letters are changed",[24,144933,190],{},[75,144935,144937],{"className":77,"code":144936,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144938,144939,144952],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144940,144941,144943,144945,144947,144950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144942,34565],{"class":90},[84,144944,95],{"class":94},[84,144946,3230],{"class":387},[84,144948,144949],{"class":391},"Room 7, table #3!",[84,144951,3236],{"class":387},[84,144953,144954,144956,144958,144960,144962,144964],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,144955,116],{"class":98},[84,144957,103],{"class":102},[84,144959,34586],{"class":121},[84,144961,425],{"class":102},[84,144963,34355],{"class":121},[84,144965,7069],{"class":102},[24,144967,265],{},[75,144969,144971],{"className":77,"code":144970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144972,144973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144974,144975,144978,144980,144982,144985],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144976,144977],{"class":34330},"ROOM",[84,144979,5867],{"class":106},[84,144981,282],{"class":102},[84,144983,144984],{"class":34330}," TABLE",[84,144986,144987],{"class":128}," #3!\n",[24,144989,144990],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[70,144992,792,144994],{"id":144993},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144995,127930],{},[24,144997,144998,145000],{},[15,144999,127930],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[24,145002,48208],{},[33,145004,145005,145008,145011],{},[36,145006,145007],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[36,145009,145010],{},"Format labels or headings",[36,145012,145013],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[24,145015,145016],{},"Example: simple comparison",[75,145018,145020],{"className":77,"code":145019,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145021,145022,145034,145038,145060],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145023,145024,145026,145028,145030,145032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145025,136295],{"class":90},[84,145027,95],{"class":94},[84,145029,3230],{"class":387},[84,145031,8535],{"class":391},[84,145033,3236],{"class":387},[84,145035,145036],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145037,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,145039,145040,145042,145044,145046,145048,145050,145052,145054,145056,145058],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145041,6872],{"class":470},[84,145043,136315],{"class":90},[84,145045,425],{"class":102},[84,145047,34355],{"class":121},[84,145049,7241],{"class":102},[84,145051,6281],{"class":94},[84,145053,3230],{"class":387},[84,145055,136302],{"class":391},[84,145057,854],{"class":387},[84,145059,6266],{"class":102},[84,145061,145062,145064,145066,145068,145070,145072],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,145063,490],{"class":98},[84,145065,103],{"class":102},[84,145067,854],{"class":387},[84,145069,143499],{"class":391},[84,145071,854],{"class":387},[84,145073,110],{"class":102},[24,145075,265],{},[75,145077,145078],{"className":77,"code":143508,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,145079,145080],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145081,145082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145083,143508],{"class":90},[24,145085,145086,145087,1263,145089,1267,145091,425],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145088,8535],{},[15,145090,137088],{},[15,145092,136302],{},[70,145094,1434],{"id":1433},[1667,145096,95586],{"id":95585},[24,145098,7993,145099,145102],{},[15,145100,145101],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[24,145104,16526],{},[75,145106,145108],{"className":77,"code":145107,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145109,145110,145122,145132],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145111,145112,145114,145116,145118,145120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145113,34565],{"class":90},[84,145115,95],{"class":94},[84,145117,3230],{"class":387},[84,145119,3721],{"class":391},[84,145121,3236],{"class":387},[84,145123,145124,145126,145128,145130],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145125,34586],{"class":90},[84,145127,425],{"class":102},[84,145129,34355],{"class":121},[84,145131,8520],{"class":102},[84,145133,145134,145136,145138,145140],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145135,116],{"class":98},[84,145137,103],{"class":102},[84,145139,34586],{"class":121},[84,145141,110],{"class":102},[24,145143,265],{},[75,145145,145146],{"className":77,"code":138367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,145147,145148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145149,145150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145151,138367],{"class":90},[24,145153,16538],{},[75,145155,145157],{"className":77,"code":145156,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145158,145159,145171,145185],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145160,145161,145163,145165,145167,145169],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145162,34565],{"class":90},[84,145164,95],{"class":94},[84,145166,3230],{"class":387},[84,145168,3721],{"class":391},[84,145170,3236],{"class":387},[84,145172,145173,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145174,34565],{"class":90},[84,145176,95],{"class":94},[84,145178,42713],{"class":90},[84,145180,425],{"class":102},[84,145182,34355],{"class":121},[84,145184,8520],{"class":102},[84,145186,145187,145189,145191,145193],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145188,116],{"class":98},[84,145190,103],{"class":102},[84,145192,34586],{"class":121},[84,145194,110],{"class":102},[24,145196,265],{},[75,145198,145200],{"className":77,"code":145199,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HELLO\n",[15,145201,145202],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145203,145204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145205,145199],{"class":34330},[1667,145207,18791,145209,136974],{"id":145208},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145210,127930],{},[24,145212,145213,145215],{},[15,145214,127930],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[24,145217,190],{},[75,145219,145221],{"className":77,"code":145220,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145222,145223,145231],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145224,145225,145227,145229],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145226,2097],{"class":90},[84,145228,95],{"class":94},[84,145230,124734],{"class":106},[84,145232,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241,145243],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145234,116],{"class":98},[84,145236,103],{"class":102},[84,145238,2120],{"class":121},[84,145240,425],{"class":102},[84,145242,34355],{"class":121},[84,145244,7069],{"class":102},[24,145246,39524,145247,145249,145250,33478],{},[15,145248,2070],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145251,127930],{},[24,145253,145254],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[75,145256,145258],{"className":77,"code":145257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145259,145260,145268],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145261,145262,145264,145266],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145263,2097],{"class":90},[84,145265,95],{"class":94},[84,145267,124734],{"class":106},[84,145269,145270,145272,145274,145276,145278,145280,145282,145284],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145271,116],{"class":98},[84,145273,103],{"class":102},[84,145275,3321],{"class":139},[84,145277,103],{"class":102},[84,145279,2120],{"class":121},[84,145281,8508],{"class":102},[84,145283,34355],{"class":121},[84,145285,7069],{"class":102},[24,145287,265],{},[75,145289,145291],{"className":77,"code":145290,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"123\n",[15,145292,145293],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145294,145295],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145296,145290],{"class":106},[1667,145298,37076,145300,145302],{"id":145299},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145301,127930],{}," with title case",[24,145304,145305,145307,145308,145311],{},[15,145306,127930],{}," makes ",[42,145309,145310],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[75,145313,145315],{"className":77,"code":145314,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145316,145317,145329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145318,145319,145321,145323,145325,145327],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145320,34565],{"class":90},[84,145322,95],{"class":94},[84,145324,3230],{"class":387},[84,145326,60273],{"class":391},[84,145328,3236],{"class":387},[84,145330,145331,145333,145335,145337,145339,145341],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145332,116],{"class":98},[84,145334,103],{"class":102},[84,145336,34586],{"class":121},[84,145338,425],{"class":102},[84,145340,34355],{"class":121},[84,145342,7069],{"class":102},[24,145344,265],{},[75,145346,145348],{"className":77,"code":145347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145349,145350],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145351,145352,145354],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145353,136076],{"class":34330},[84,145355,145356],{"class":34330}," WORLD\n",[24,145358,145359,145360,145364,145365,145369],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[419,145361,145362],{"href":123779},[15,145363,123782],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[419,145366,145367],{"href":129633},[15,145368,124223],{}," changes parts of a string.",[70,145371,145373],{"id":145372},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[24,145375,145376,145377,881],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145378,127930],{},[33,145380,145381,145388,145395,145402],{},[36,145382,145383,145387],{},[419,145384,145385],{"href":123779},[15,145386,123782],{}," for lowercase text",[36,145389,145390,145394],{},[419,145391,145392],{"href":136622},[15,145393,41525],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[36,145396,145397,145401],{},[419,145398,145399],{"href":129633},[15,145400,124223],{}," for changing parts of a string",[36,145403,145404,28,145406,145408],{},[15,145405,127420],{},[15,145407,126110],{}," for checks",[24,145410,190],{},[75,145412,145414],{"className":77,"code":145413,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145415,145416,145428,145432,145447,145463,145467],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145417,145418,145420,145422,145424,145426],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145419,34565],{"class":90},[84,145421,95],{"class":94},[84,145423,3230],{"class":387},[84,145425,143150],{"class":391},[84,145427,3236],{"class":387},[84,145429,145430],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145431,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,145433,145434,145437,145439,145441,145443,145445],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145435,145436],{"class":90},"cleaned ",[84,145438,95],{"class":94},[84,145440,42713],{"class":90},[84,145442,425],{"class":102},[84,145444,8511],{"class":121},[84,145446,8520],{"class":102},[84,145448,145449,145452,145454,145457,145459,145461],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,145450,145451],{"class":90},"loud ",[84,145453,95],{"class":94},[84,145455,145456],{"class":90}," cleaned",[84,145458,425],{"class":102},[84,145460,34355],{"class":121},[84,145462,8520],{"class":102},[84,145464,145465],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,145466,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,145468,145469,145471,145473,145476],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,145470,116],{"class":98},[84,145472,103],{"class":102},[84,145474,145475],{"class":121},"loud",[84,145477,110],{"class":102},[24,145479,265],{},[75,145481,145482],{"className":77,"code":145347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,145483,145484],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145485,145486,145488],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145487,136076],{"class":34330},[84,145489,145356],{"class":34330},[70,145491,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,145493,12586,145495,124379],{"id":145494},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145496,127930],{},[24,145498,145499],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1667,145501,12586,145503,137356],{"id":145502},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145504,127930],{},[24,145506,145507,145508,425],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145509,145101],{},[1667,145511,145513],{"id":145512},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[24,145515,145516,145517,145519],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145518,127930],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1667,145521,28205,145523,145525],{"id":145522},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145524,127930],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[24,145527,145528],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[24,145530,190],{},[75,145532,145534],{"className":77,"code":145533,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145535,145536,145548,145561,145565],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145537,145538,145540,145542,145544,145546],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145539,2436],{"class":90},[84,145541,95],{"class":94},[84,145543,3230],{"class":387},[84,145545,79],{"class":391},[84,145547,3236],{"class":387},[84,145549,145550,145552,145554,145556,145559],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145551,2463],{"class":90},[84,145553,95],{"class":94},[84,145555,3230],{"class":387},[84,145557,145558],{"class":391},"PYTHON",[84,145560,3236],{"class":387},[84,145562,145563],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145564,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,145566,145567,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577,145579,145581,145583,145585,145587],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,145568,116],{"class":98},[84,145570,103],{"class":102},[84,145572,419],{"class":121},[84,145574,425],{"class":102},[84,145576,34355],{"class":121},[84,145578,7241],{"class":102},[84,145580,6281],{"class":94},[84,145582,2441],{"class":121},[84,145584,425],{"class":102},[84,145586,34355],{"class":121},[84,145588,7069],{"class":102},[24,145590,265],{},[75,145592,145593],{"className":77,"code":660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,145594,145595],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145596,145597],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145598,660],{"class":659},[70,145600,1777],{"id":1776},[33,145602,145603,145607,145613,145619,145625,145629,145633],{},[36,145604,145605],{},[419,145606,124807],{"href":50844},[36,145608,145609],{},[419,145610,126052,145611,10620],{"href":123779},[15,145612,123782],{},[36,145614,145615],{},[419,145616,126052,145617,10620],{"href":136622},[15,145618,41525],{},[36,145620,145621],{},[419,145622,126052,145623,10620],{"href":129633},[15,145624,124223],{},[36,145626,145627],{},[419,145628,90545],{"href":89554},[36,145630,145631],{},[419,145632,124451],{"href":123307},[36,145634,145635],{},[419,145636,137442],{"href":136023},[1814,145638,145639],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":145641},[145642,145643,145645,145646,145647,145649,145650,145652,145659,145660,145669],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":144565,"depth":113,"text":145644},"What upper() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":144775,"depth":113,"text":145648},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144911,"depth":113,"text":144912},{"id":144993,"depth":113,"text":145651},"When to use upper()",{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":145653},[145654,145655,145657],{"id":95585,"depth":132,"text":95586},{"id":145208,"depth":132,"text":145656},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145299,"depth":132,"text":145658},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145372,"depth":113,"text":145373},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":145661},[145662,145664,145666,145667],{"id":145494,"depth":132,"text":145663},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145502,"depth":132,"text":145665},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145512,"depth":132,"text":145513},{"id":145522,"depth":132,"text":145668},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144489,"description":145670},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145677,"title":145678,"body":145679,"description":147556,"extension":1845,"meta":147557,"navigation":237,"path":147558,"seo":147559,"stem":147560,"__hash__":147561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145680,"toc":147506},[145681,145687,145694,145700,145702,145758,145763,145768,145773,145776,145795,145798,145800,145824,145842,145853,145855,145858,145911,145913,145921,145923,145941,145946,145949,146006,146008,146017,146020,146040,146043,146049,146054,146056,146099,146101,146109,146112,146153,146155,146164,146170,146176,146203,146205,146213,146218,146222,146234,146277,146279,146287,146292,146298,146303,146307,146309,146352,146355,146402,146404,146413,146420,146424,146427,146473,146478,146482,146484,146527,146530,146538,146540,146545,146547,146549,146568,146571,146583,146585,146604,146606,146614,146618,146620,146671,146674,146749,146751,146759,146762,146766,146768,146815,146818,146889,146891,146899,146905,146907,146982,146986,147065,147067,147075,147081,147087,147092,147097,147146,147150,147221,147224,147229,147240,147243,147254,147264,147266,147271,147296,147301,147382,147384,147409,147411,147416,147419,147425,147434,147440,147443,147449,147455,147462,147465,147467,147503],[10,145682,13,145684,3456],{"id":145683},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145685,145686],{},"sum()",[24,145688,9001,145689,145691,145692,24643],{},[15,145690,145686],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145693,225],{},[24,145695,145696,145697,145699],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145698,35949],{}," value and a few important limits.",[70,145701,1887],{"id":1886},[75,145703,145705],{"className":77,"code":145704,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145706,145707,145731,145746],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145708,145709,145711,145713,145715,145717,145719,145721,145723,145725,145727,145729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145710,91],{"class":90},[84,145712,95],{"class":94},[84,145714,3498],{"class":102},[84,145716,838],{"class":106},[84,145718,282],{"class":102},[84,145720,304],{"class":106},[84,145722,282],{"class":102},[84,145724,309],{"class":106},[84,145726,282],{"class":102},[84,145728,314],{"class":106},[84,145730,317],{"class":102},[84,145732,145733,145735,145737,145740,145742,145744],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145734,41054],{"class":90},[84,145736,95],{"class":94},[84,145738,145739],{"class":98}," sum",[84,145741,103],{"class":102},[84,145743,122],{"class":121},[84,145745,110],{"class":102},[84,145747,145748,145750,145752,145754,145756],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145749,116],{"class":98},[84,145751,103],{"class":102},[84,145753,41083],{"class":121},[84,145755,125],{"class":102},[84,145757,26671],{"class":128},[24,145759,153,145760,145762],{},[15,145761,145686],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[70,145764,429,145766,3554],{"id":145765},"what-sum-does",[15,145767,145686],{},[24,145769,145770,145772],{},[15,145771,145686],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[24,145774,145775],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[33,145777,145778,145781,145784,145789],{},[36,145779,145780],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[36,145782,145783],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[36,145785,145786,145787],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145788,17],{},[36,145790,145791,145792,145794],{},"Counting ",[15,145793,3481],{}," values in a list of booleans",[24,145796,145797],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[70,145799,2038],{"id":2037},[75,145801,145803],{"className":77,"code":145802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145804,145805],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145806,145807,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818,145820,145822],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145808,145809],{"class":98},"sum",[84,145811,103],{"class":102},[84,145813,3595],{"class":121},[84,145815,282],{"class":102},[84,145817,35928],{"class":9054},[84,145819,95],{"class":94},[84,145821,279],{"class":106},[84,145823,110],{"class":102},[33,145825,145826,145831,145836],{},[36,145827,145828,145830],{},[15,145829,3595],{}," is the group of values to add",[36,145832,145833,145835],{},[15,145834,35949],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[36,145837,145838,145839],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145840,145841],{},"sum(iterable)",[24,145843,145844,145845,145848,145849,425],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145846,145847,3595],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[419,145850,145851,1247],{"href":36070},[15,145852,17],{},[70,145854,11355],{"id":11354},[24,145856,145857],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[75,145859,145861],{"className":77,"code":145860,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145862,145863,145883,145897,145901],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145864,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145866,91],{"class":90},[84,145868,95],{"class":94},[84,145870,3498],{"class":102},[84,145872,107],{"class":106},[84,145874,282],{"class":102},[84,145876,573],{"class":106},[84,145878,282],{"class":102},[84,145880,37806],{"class":106},[84,145882,317],{"class":102},[84,145884,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145886,41054],{"class":90},[84,145888,95],{"class":94},[84,145890,145739],{"class":98},[84,145892,103],{"class":102},[84,145894,122],{"class":121},[84,145896,110],{"class":102},[84,145898,145899],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145900,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,145902,145903,145905,145907,145909],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,145904,116],{"class":98},[84,145906,103],{"class":102},[84,145908,41083],{"class":121},[84,145910,110],{"class":102},[24,145912,265],{},[75,145914,145915],{"className":77,"code":69703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,145916,145917],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145918,145919],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145920,69703],{"class":106},[24,145922,11564],{},[33,145924,145925,145930,145936],{},[36,145926,145927,145929],{},[15,145928,122],{}," contains three integers",[36,145931,145932,145935],{},[15,145933,145934],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[36,145937,145938,145939],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145940,41083],{},[70,145942,36484,145944,8309],{"id":145943},"using-the-start-value",[15,145945,35949],{},[24,145947,145948],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[75,145950,145952],{"className":77,"code":145951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145953,145954,145974,145992,145996],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145955,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970,145972],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145957,91],{"class":90},[84,145959,95],{"class":94},[84,145961,3498],{"class":102},[84,145963,838],{"class":106},[84,145965,282],{"class":102},[84,145967,304],{"class":106},[84,145969,282],{"class":102},[84,145971,309],{"class":106},[84,145973,317],{"class":102},[84,145975,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,145977,41054],{"class":90},[84,145979,95],{"class":94},[84,145981,145739],{"class":98},[84,145983,103],{"class":102},[84,145985,122],{"class":121},[84,145987,282],{"class":102},[84,145989,573],{"class":106},[84,145991,110],{"class":102},[84,145993,145994],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,145995,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,145997,145998,146000,146002,146004],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,145999,116],{"class":98},[84,146001,103],{"class":102},[84,146003,41083],{"class":121},[84,146005,110],{"class":102},[24,146007,265],{},[75,146009,146011],{"className":77,"code":146010,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"16\n",[15,146012,146013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146014,146015],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146016,146010],{"class":106},[24,146018,146019],{},"This works like:",[33,146021,146022,146027,146032,146036],{},[36,146023,146024,146025],{},"Start at ",[15,146026,2212],{},[36,146028,146029,146030],{},"Add ",[15,146031,838],{},[36,146033,146029,146034],{},[15,146035,568],{},[36,146037,146029,146038],{},[15,146039,1162],{},[24,146041,146042],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[70,146044,429,146046,146048],{"id":146045},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146047,145686],{}," can work with",[24,146050,146051,146053],{},[15,146052,145686],{}," works with numeric values.",[1667,146055,40296],{"id":40295},[75,146057,146059],{"className":77,"code":146058,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146060,146061,146085],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146062,146063,146065,146067,146069,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146064,3698],{"class":90},[84,146066,95],{"class":94},[84,146068,3498],{"class":102},[84,146070,838],{"class":106},[84,146072,282],{"class":102},[84,146074,304],{"class":106},[84,146076,282],{"class":102},[84,146078,309],{"class":106},[84,146080,282],{"class":102},[84,146082,314],{"class":106},[84,146084,317],{"class":102},[84,146086,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146088,116],{"class":98},[84,146090,103],{"class":102},[84,146092,145809],{"class":98},[84,146094,103],{"class":102},[84,146096,5233],{"class":121},[84,146098,232],{"class":102},[24,146100,265],{},[75,146102,146103],{"className":77,"code":2258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146104,146105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146106,146107],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146108,2258],{"class":106},[1667,146110,146111],{"id":51915},"Floats",[75,146113,146115],{"className":77,"code":146114,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146116,146117,146139],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146118,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129,146132,146134,146137],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146120,82910],{"class":90},[84,146122,95],{"class":94},[84,146124,3498],{"class":102},[84,146126,41030],{"class":106},[84,146128,282],{"class":102},[84,146130,146131],{"class":106}," 3.75",[84,146133,282],{"class":102},[84,146135,146136],{"class":106}," 1.25",[84,146138,317],{"class":102},[84,146140,146141,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146142,116],{"class":98},[84,146144,103],{"class":102},[84,146146,145809],{"class":98},[84,146148,103],{"class":102},[84,146150,82946],{"class":121},[84,146152,232],{"class":102},[24,146154,265],{},[75,146156,146158],{"className":77,"code":146157,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7.5\n",[15,146159,146160],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146161,146162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146163,146157],{"class":106},[24,146165,146166,146167,425],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[419,146168,146169],{"href":2301},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1667,146171,146173,146174],{"id":146172},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146175,17],{},[75,146177,146179],{"className":77,"code":146178,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146180,146181],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146182,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146184,116],{"class":98},[84,146186,103],{"class":102},[84,146188,145809],{"class":98},[84,146190,103],{"class":102},[84,146192,225],{"class":98},[84,146194,103],{"class":102},[84,146196,838],{"class":106},[84,146198,282],{"class":102},[84,146200,843],{"class":106},[84,146202,345],{"class":102},[24,146204,265],{},[75,146206,146207],{"className":77,"code":46910,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146208,146209],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146210,146211],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146212,46910],{"class":106},[24,146214,113256,146215,425],{},[15,146216,146217],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1667,146219,146221],{"id":146220},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[24,146223,146224,146225,146227,146228,28,146230,146227,146232,425],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146226,3481],{}," acts like ",[15,146229,838],{},[15,146231,3548],{},[15,146233,279],{},[75,146235,146237],{"className":77,"code":146236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146238,146239,146263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146240,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146242,51835],{"class":90},[84,146244,95],{"class":94},[84,146246,3498],{"class":102},[84,146248,3481],{"class":659},[84,146250,282],{"class":102},[84,146252,3780],{"class":659},[84,146254,282],{"class":102},[84,146256,3789],{"class":659},[84,146258,282],{"class":102},[84,146260,3789],{"class":659},[84,146262,317],{"class":102},[84,146264,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146266,116],{"class":98},[84,146268,103],{"class":102},[84,146270,145809],{"class":98},[84,146272,103],{"class":102},[84,146274,51888],{"class":121},[84,146276,232],{"class":102},[24,146278,265],{},[75,146280,146281],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146282,146283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146284,146285],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146286,524],{"class":106},[24,146288,146289,146290,425],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146291,3481],{},[70,146293,429,146295,146297],{"id":146294},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146296,145686],{}," does not work with",[24,146299,146300,146302],{},[15,146301,145686],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1667,146304,146306],{"id":146305},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[24,146308,2717],{},[75,146310,146312],{"className":77,"code":146311,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146313,146314,146338],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146315,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146317,3943],{"class":90},[84,146319,95],{"class":94},[84,146321,3498],{"class":102},[84,146323,854],{"class":387},[84,146325,3721],{"class":391},[84,146327,854],{"class":387},[84,146329,282],{"class":102},[84,146331,3230],{"class":387},[84,146333,60457],{"class":391},[84,146335,854],{"class":387},[84,146337,317],{"class":102},[84,146339,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146341,116],{"class":98},[84,146343,103],{"class":102},[84,146345,145809],{"class":98},[84,146347,103],{"class":102},[84,146349,3987],{"class":121},[84,146351,232],{"class":102},[24,146353,146354],{},"Use string joining instead:",[75,146356,146358],{"className":77,"code":146357,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146359,146360,146384],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146361,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146363,3943],{"class":90},[84,146365,95],{"class":94},[84,146367,3498],{"class":102},[84,146369,854],{"class":387},[84,146371,3721],{"class":391},[84,146373,854],{"class":387},[84,146375,282],{"class":102},[84,146377,3230],{"class":387},[84,146379,60457],{"class":391},[84,146381,854],{"class":387},[84,146383,317],{"class":102},[84,146385,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146387,116],{"class":98},[84,146389,103],{"class":102},[84,146391,6144],{"class":387},[84,146393,425],{"class":102},[84,146395,133211],{"class":121},[84,146397,103],{"class":102},[84,146399,3987],{"class":121},[84,146401,232],{"class":102},[24,146403,265],{},[75,146405,146407],{"className":77,"code":146406,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"helloworld\n",[15,146408,146409],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146410,146411],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146412,146406],{"class":90},[24,146414,146415,146416,425],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[419,146417,146418,5657],{"href":42047},[15,146419,47552],{},[1667,146421,146423],{"id":146422},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[24,146425,146426],{},"This also causes an error:",[75,146428,146430],{"className":77,"code":146429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146431,146432,146459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146433,146434,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146435,146436],{"class":90},"lists ",[84,146438,95],{"class":94},[84,146440,56161],{"class":102},[84,146442,838],{"class":106},[84,146444,282],{"class":102},[84,146446,304],{"class":106},[84,146448,17945],{"class":102},[84,146450,3498],{"class":102},[84,146452,1162],{"class":106},[84,146454,282],{"class":102},[84,146456,314],{"class":106},[84,146458,53111],{"class":102},[84,146460,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146462,116],{"class":98},[84,146464,103],{"class":102},[84,146466,145809],{"class":98},[84,146468,103],{"class":102},[84,146470,5174],{"class":121},[84,146472,232],{"class":102},[24,146474,146475,146477],{},[15,146476,145686],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1667,146479,146481],{"id":146480},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[24,146483,5346],{},[75,146485,146487],{"className":77,"code":146486,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146488,146489,146513],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146492,3698],{"class":90},[84,146494,95],{"class":94},[84,146496,3498],{"class":102},[84,146498,838],{"class":106},[84,146500,282],{"class":102},[84,146502,304],{"class":106},[84,146504,282],{"class":102},[84,146506,3230],{"class":387},[84,146508,1162],{"class":391},[84,146510,854],{"class":387},[84,146512,317],{"class":102},[84,146514,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146516,116],{"class":98},[84,146518,103],{"class":102},[84,146520,145809],{"class":98},[84,146522,103],{"class":102},[84,146524,5233],{"class":121},[84,146526,232],{"class":102},[24,146528,146529],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[24,146531,146532,146533,146535,146536,425],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146534,65809],{},", convert them first. See ",[419,146537,2842],{"href":2841},[70,146539,41376],{"id":41375},[24,146541,146542,146543,425],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146544,145686],{},[1667,146546,6398],{"id":6397},[24,146548,4400],{},[75,146550,146552],{"className":77,"code":146551,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146553,146554],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146555,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146557,116],{"class":98},[84,146559,103],{"class":102},[84,146561,145809],{"class":98},[84,146563,103],{"class":102},[84,146565,107],{"class":106},[84,146567,232],{"class":102},[24,146569,146570],{},"Why it fails:",[33,146572,146573,146578],{},[36,146574,146575,146577],{},[15,146576,107],{}," is a single integer",[36,146579,146580,146582],{},[15,146581,145686],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[24,146584,6428],{},[75,146586,146588],{"className":77,"code":146587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146589,146590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146591,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146593,116],{"class":98},[84,146595,103],{"class":102},[84,146597,145809],{"class":98},[84,146599,2865],{"class":102},[84,146601,107],{"class":106},[84,146603,2878],{"class":102},[24,146605,265],{},[75,146607,146608],{"className":77,"code":1184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146609,146610],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146611,146612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146613,1184],{"class":106},[1667,146615,146617],{"id":146616},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[24,146619,4400],{},[75,146621,146623],{"className":77,"code":146622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146624,146625,146657],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146626,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146628,3698],{"class":90},[84,146630,95],{"class":94},[84,146632,3498],{"class":102},[84,146634,854],{"class":387},[84,146636,838],{"class":391},[84,146638,854],{"class":387},[84,146640,282],{"class":102},[84,146642,3230],{"class":387},[84,146644,568],{"class":391},[84,146646,854],{"class":387},[84,146648,282],{"class":102},[84,146650,3230],{"class":387},[84,146652,1162],{"class":391},[84,146654,854],{"class":387},[84,146656,317],{"class":102},[84,146658,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146660,116],{"class":98},[84,146662,103],{"class":102},[84,146664,145809],{"class":98},[84,146666,103],{"class":102},[84,146668,5233],{"class":121},[84,146670,232],{"class":102},[24,146672,146673],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[75,146675,146677],{"className":77,"code":146676,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146678,146679,146711,146739],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146680,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146682,3698],{"class":90},[84,146684,95],{"class":94},[84,146686,3498],{"class":102},[84,146688,854],{"class":387},[84,146690,838],{"class":391},[84,146692,854],{"class":387},[84,146694,282],{"class":102},[84,146696,3230],{"class":387},[84,146698,568],{"class":391},[84,146700,854],{"class":387},[84,146702,282],{"class":102},[84,146704,3230],{"class":387},[84,146706,1162],{"class":391},[84,146708,854],{"class":387},[84,146710,317],{"class":102},[84,146712,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146714,41054],{"class":90},[84,146716,95],{"class":94},[84,146718,145739],{"class":98},[84,146720,103],{"class":102},[84,146722,2070],{"class":139},[84,146724,103],{"class":102},[84,146726,2055],{"class":121},[84,146728,125],{"class":102},[84,146730,3752],{"class":470},[84,146732,3755],{"class":121},[84,146734,476],{"class":470},[84,146736,3760],{"class":121},[84,146738,110],{"class":102},[84,146740,146741,146743,146745,146747],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,146742,116],{"class":98},[84,146744,103],{"class":102},[84,146746,41083],{"class":121},[84,146748,110],{"class":102},[24,146750,265],{},[75,146752,146753],{"className":77,"code":2536,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146754,146755],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146756,146757],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146758,2536],{"class":106},[24,146760,146761],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1667,146763,146765],{"id":146764},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[24,146767,4400],{},[75,146769,146771],{"className":77,"code":146770,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146772,146773,146801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146774,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789,146791,146793,146795,146797,146799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146776,3698],{"class":90},[84,146778,95],{"class":94},[84,146780,3498],{"class":102},[84,146782,838],{"class":106},[84,146784,282],{"class":102},[84,146786,304],{"class":106},[84,146788,282],{"class":102},[84,146790,3230],{"class":387},[84,146792,1162],{"class":391},[84,146794,854],{"class":387},[84,146796,282],{"class":102},[84,146798,314],{"class":106},[84,146800,317],{"class":102},[84,146802,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146804,116],{"class":98},[84,146806,103],{"class":102},[84,146808,145809],{"class":98},[84,146810,103],{"class":102},[84,146812,5233],{"class":121},[84,146814,232],{"class":102},[24,146816,146817],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[75,146819,146821],{"className":77,"code":146820,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146822,146823,146851,146879],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146824,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146826,3698],{"class":90},[84,146828,95],{"class":94},[84,146830,3498],{"class":102},[84,146832,838],{"class":106},[84,146834,282],{"class":102},[84,146836,304],{"class":106},[84,146838,282],{"class":102},[84,146840,3230],{"class":387},[84,146842,1162],{"class":391},[84,146844,854],{"class":387},[84,146846,282],{"class":102},[84,146848,314],{"class":106},[84,146850,317],{"class":102},[84,146852,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146854,41054],{"class":90},[84,146856,95],{"class":94},[84,146858,145739],{"class":98},[84,146860,103],{"class":102},[84,146862,2070],{"class":139},[84,146864,103],{"class":102},[84,146866,2055],{"class":121},[84,146868,125],{"class":102},[84,146870,3752],{"class":470},[84,146872,3755],{"class":121},[84,146874,476],{"class":470},[84,146876,3760],{"class":121},[84,146878,110],{"class":102},[84,146880,146881,146883,146885,146887],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,146882,116],{"class":98},[84,146884,103],{"class":102},[84,146886,41083],{"class":121},[84,146888,110],{"class":102},[24,146890,265],{},[75,146892,146893],{"className":77,"code":2258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146894,146895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146896,146897],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146898,2258],{"class":106},[1667,146900,1442,146902,146904],{"id":146901},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146903,145686],{}," to join text",[24,146906,4400],{},[75,146908,146910],{"className":77,"code":146909,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146911,146912,146968],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146913,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146915,35967],{"class":90},[84,146917,95],{"class":94},[84,146919,3498],{"class":102},[84,146921,854],{"class":387},[84,146923,133810],{"class":391},[84,146925,854],{"class":387},[84,146927,282],{"class":102},[84,146929,3230],{"class":387},[84,146931,11626],{"class":391},[84,146933,854],{"class":387},[84,146935,282],{"class":102},[84,146937,3230],{"class":387},[84,146939,63152],{"class":391},[84,146941,854],{"class":387},[84,146943,282],{"class":102},[84,146945,3230],{"class":387},[84,146947,60305],{"class":391},[84,146949,854],{"class":387},[84,146951,282],{"class":102},[84,146953,3230],{"class":387},[84,146955,60340],{"class":391},[84,146957,854],{"class":387},[84,146959,282],{"class":102},[84,146961,3230],{"class":387},[84,146963,75893],{"class":391},[84,146965,854],{"class":387},[84,146967,317],{"class":102},[84,146969,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,146971,116],{"class":98},[84,146973,103],{"class":102},[84,146975,145809],{"class":98},[84,146977,103],{"class":102},[84,146979,36019],{"class":121},[84,146981,232],{"class":102},[24,146983,153,146984,60398],{},[15,146985,133134],{},[75,146987,146989],{"className":77,"code":146988,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146990,146991,147047],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146992,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146994,35967],{"class":90},[84,146996,95],{"class":94},[84,146998,3498],{"class":102},[84,147000,854],{"class":387},[84,147002,133810],{"class":391},[84,147004,854],{"class":387},[84,147006,282],{"class":102},[84,147008,3230],{"class":387},[84,147010,11626],{"class":391},[84,147012,854],{"class":387},[84,147014,282],{"class":102},[84,147016,3230],{"class":387},[84,147018,63152],{"class":391},[84,147020,854],{"class":387},[84,147022,282],{"class":102},[84,147024,3230],{"class":387},[84,147026,60305],{"class":391},[84,147028,854],{"class":387},[84,147030,282],{"class":102},[84,147032,3230],{"class":387},[84,147034,60340],{"class":391},[84,147036,854],{"class":387},[84,147038,282],{"class":102},[84,147040,3230],{"class":387},[84,147042,75893],{"class":391},[84,147044,854],{"class":387},[84,147046,317],{"class":102},[84,147048,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,147050,116],{"class":98},[84,147052,103],{"class":102},[84,147054,6144],{"class":387},[84,147056,425],{"class":102},[84,147058,133211],{"class":121},[84,147060,103],{"class":102},[84,147062,36019],{"class":121},[84,147064,232],{"class":102},[24,147066,265],{},[75,147068,147069],{"className":77,"code":133891,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147070,147071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147072,147073],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147074,133891],{"class":90},[24,147076,147077,147078,425],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[419,147079,147080],{"href":134972},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[70,147082,147084,147086],{"id":147083},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147085,145686],{}," vs manual loop",[24,147088,147089,147091],{},[15,147090,145686],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1667,147093,1442,147095],{"id":147094},"using-sum",[15,147096,145686],{},[75,147098,147100],{"className":77,"code":147099,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147101,147102,147122,147136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147103,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147105,91],{"class":90},[84,147107,95],{"class":94},[84,147109,3498],{"class":102},[84,147111,2386],{"class":106},[84,147113,282],{"class":102},[84,147115,5867],{"class":106},[84,147117,282],{"class":102},[84,147119,54004],{"class":106},[84,147121,317],{"class":102},[84,147123,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,147125,41054],{"class":90},[84,147127,95],{"class":94},[84,147129,145739],{"class":98},[84,147131,103],{"class":102},[84,147133,122],{"class":121},[84,147135,110],{"class":102},[84,147137,147138,147140,147142,147144],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,147139,116],{"class":98},[84,147141,103],{"class":102},[84,147143,41083],{"class":121},[84,147145,110],{"class":102},[1667,147147,147149],{"id":147148},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[75,147151,147153],{"className":77,"code":147152,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147154,147155,147175,147183,147187,147199,147207,147211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147156,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147158,91],{"class":90},[84,147160,95],{"class":94},[84,147162,3498],{"class":102},[84,147164,2386],{"class":106},[84,147166,282],{"class":102},[84,147168,5867],{"class":106},[84,147170,282],{"class":102},[84,147172,54004],{"class":106},[84,147174,317],{"class":102},[84,147176,147177,147179,147181],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,147178,41054],{"class":90},[84,147180,95],{"class":94},[84,147182,38383],{"class":106},[84,147184,147185],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,147186,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,147188,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,147190,440],{"class":470},[84,147192,6259],{"class":90},[84,147194,476],{"class":470},[84,147196,4137],{"class":90},[84,147198,6266],{"class":102},[84,147200,147201,147203,147205],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,147202,89969],{"class":90},[84,147204,89972],{"class":94},[84,147206,89975],{"class":90},[84,147208,147209],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,147210,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,147212,147213,147215,147217,147219],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,147214,116],{"class":98},[84,147216,103],{"class":102},[84,147218,41083],{"class":121},[84,147220,110],{"class":102},[24,147222,147223],{},"Both produce the same result.",[24,147225,2370,147226,147228],{},[15,147227,145686],{}," is often better:",[33,147230,147231,147234,147237],{},[36,147232,147233],{},"Shorter code",[36,147235,147236],{},"Easier to read",[36,147238,147239],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[24,147241,147242],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[33,147244,147245,147248,147251],{},[36,147246,147247],{},"You need to skip some values",[36,147249,147250],{},"You need extra checks",[36,147252,147253],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[24,147255,147256,147257,147260,147261,147263],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[419,147258,147259],{"href":39879},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147262,145686],{}," on the filtered result.",[70,147265,1434],{"id":1433},[24,147267,147268,147269,881],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147270,145686],{},[33,147272,147273,147279,147286,147293],{},[36,147274,147275,147276],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147277,147278],{},"sum(5)",[36,147280,147281,147282,147285],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147283,147284],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[36,147287,1442,147288,147290,147291],{},[15,147289,145686],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147292,133134],{},[36,147294,147295],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[24,147297,8753,147298,147300],{},[15,147299,145686],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[75,147302,147304],{"className":77,"code":147303,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147305,147306,147316,147330,147354],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147307,147308,147310,147312,147314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147309,116],{"class":98},[84,147311,103],{"class":102},[84,147313,5233],{"class":121},[84,147315,110],{"class":102},[84,147317,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,147319,116],{"class":98},[84,147321,103],{"class":102},[84,147323,334],{"class":139},[84,147325,103],{"class":102},[84,147327,5233],{"class":121},[84,147329,232],{"class":102},[84,147331,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,147333,116],{"class":98},[84,147335,2865],{"class":102},[84,147337,334],{"class":139},[84,147339,103],{"class":102},[84,147341,2055],{"class":121},[84,147343,125],{"class":102},[84,147345,3752],{"class":470},[84,147347,3755],{"class":121},[84,147349,476],{"class":470},[84,147351,3760],{"class":121},[84,147353,741],{"class":102},[84,147355,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,147357,116],{"class":98},[84,147359,103],{"class":102},[84,147361,145809],{"class":98},[84,147363,2865],{"class":102},[84,147365,2070],{"class":139},[84,147367,103],{"class":102},[84,147369,2055],{"class":121},[84,147371,125],{"class":102},[84,147373,3752],{"class":470},[84,147375,3755],{"class":121},[84,147377,476],{"class":470},[84,147379,3760],{"class":121},[84,147381,2878],{"class":102},[24,147383,135705],{},[33,147385,147386,147392,147398,147403],{},[36,147387,147388,147391],{},[15,147389,147390],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[36,147393,147394,147397],{},[15,147395,147396],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[36,147399,147400,135727],{},[15,147401,147402],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[36,147404,147405,147408],{},[15,147406,147407],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[70,147410,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,147412,5016,147414,5019],{"id":147413},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147415,145686],{},[24,147417,147418],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1667,147420,5043,147422,147424],{"id":147421},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147423,145686],{}," add strings in Python?",[24,147426,30146,147427,2759,147430,147433],{},[15,147428,147429],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147431,147432],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1667,147435,5043,147437,147439],{"id":147436},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147438,145686],{}," work with floats?",[24,147441,147442],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1667,147444,147446,147447,1689],{"id":147445},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147448,145686],{},[24,147450,147451,147452,147454],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147453,35949],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1667,147456,1753,147458,119090,147460,1689],{"id":147457},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147459,145686],{},[15,147461,2884],{},[24,147463,147464],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[70,147466,1777],{"id":1776},[33,147468,147469,147473,147479,147485,147491,147495,147499],{},[36,147470,147471],{},[419,147472,146169],{"href":2301},[36,147474,147475],{},[419,147476,13,147477,424],{"href":36070},[15,147478,17],{},[36,147480,147481],{},[419,147482,13,147483,424],{"href":42230},[15,147484,1085],{},[36,147486,147487],{},[419,147488,13,147489,424],{"href":42047},[15,147490,47552],{},[36,147492,147493],{},[419,147494,5095],{"href":39879},[36,147496,147497],{},[419,147498,3403],{"href":2841},[36,147500,147501],{},[419,147502,147080],{"href":134972},[1814,147504,147505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":147507},[147508,147509,147511,147512,147513,147515,147523,147529,147536,147542,147543,147555],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":145765,"depth":113,"text":147510},"What sum() does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":145943,"depth":113,"text":147514},"Using the start value",{"id":146045,"depth":113,"text":147516,"children":147517},"What sum() can work with",[147518,147519,147520,147522],{"id":40295,"depth":132,"text":40296},{"id":51915,"depth":132,"text":146111},{"id":146172,"depth":132,"text":147521},"Values from range()",{"id":146220,"depth":132,"text":146221},{"id":146294,"depth":113,"text":147524,"children":147525},"What sum() does not work with",[147526,147527,147528],{"id":146305,"depth":132,"text":146306},{"id":146422,"depth":132,"text":146423},{"id":146480,"depth":132,"text":146481},{"id":41375,"depth":113,"text":41376,"children":147530},[147531,147532,147533,147534],{"id":6397,"depth":132,"text":6398},{"id":146616,"depth":132,"text":146617},{"id":146764,"depth":132,"text":146765},{"id":146901,"depth":132,"text":147535},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147083,"depth":113,"text":147537,"children":147538},"sum() vs manual loop",[147539,147541],{"id":147094,"depth":132,"text":147540},"Using sum()",{"id":147148,"depth":132,"text":147149},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":147544},[147545,147547,147549,147551,147553],{"id":147413,"depth":132,"text":147546},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147421,"depth":132,"text":147548},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147436,"depth":132,"text":147550},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147445,"depth":132,"text":147552},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147457,"depth":132,"text":147554},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145678,"description":147556},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147563,"title":147564,"body":147565,"description":148967,"extension":1845,"meta":148968,"navigation":237,"path":148969,"seo":148970,"stem":148971,"__hash__":148972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147566,"toc":148935},[147567,147573,147579,147582,147645,147651,147656,147660,147677,147691,147695,147715,147729,147731,147824,147826,147840,147842,147845,147934,147936,147944,147953,147955,147959,147980,147982,148074,148076,148097,148099,148103,148117,148119,148193,148195,148214,148218,148221,148244,148246,148357,148364,148372,148374,148380,148383,148426,148429,148452,148460,148464,148539,148545,148570,148577,148580,148583,148587,148592,148680,148688,148692,148695,148720,148724,148785,148789,148838,148848,148850,148855,148858,148864,148867,148871,148875,148881,148884,148892,148900,148902,148932],[10,147568,147570,147571,11201],{"id":147569},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147572,57158],{},[24,147574,147575,147578],{},[15,147576,147577],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[24,147580,147581],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[75,147583,147585],{"className":77,"code":147584,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147586,147587,147615,147633],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147588,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147590,91],{"class":90},[84,147592,95],{"class":94},[84,147594,9115],{"class":102},[84,147596,838],{"class":106},[84,147598,282],{"class":102},[84,147600,304],{"class":106},[84,147602,282],{"class":102},[84,147604,304],{"class":106},[84,147606,282],{"class":102},[84,147608,309],{"class":106},[84,147610,282],{"class":102},[84,147612,304],{"class":106},[84,147614,110],{"class":102},[84,147616,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,147618,2110],{"class":90},[84,147620,95],{"class":94},[84,147622,4137],{"class":90},[84,147624,425],{"class":102},[84,147626,41131],{"class":121},[84,147628,103],{"class":102},[84,147630,568],{"class":106},[84,147632,110],{"class":102},[84,147634,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,147636,116],{"class":98},[84,147638,103],{"class":102},[84,147640,2145],{"class":121},[84,147642,125],{"class":102},[84,147644,50639],{"class":128},[24,147646,153,147647,147650],{},[15,147648,147649],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[70,147652,429,147654,3554],{"id":147653},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147655,147577],{},[24,147657,147658,881],{},[15,147659,147649],{},[33,147661,147662,147668,147671,147674],{},[36,147663,147664,147665,147667],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147666,2354],{}," appears in the tuple",[36,147669,147670],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[36,147672,147673],{},"Returns an integer",[36,147675,147676],{},"Does not change the tuple",[24,147678,147679,147680,147682,147683,2759,147687,425],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147681,57158],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[419,147684,147686],{"href":147685},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[419,147688,147690],{"href":147689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[70,147692,147694],{"id":147693},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[75,147696,147698],{"className":77,"code":147697,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147699,147700],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147701,147702,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147703,147704],{"class":90},"my_tuple",[84,147706,425],{"class":102},[84,147708,41131],{"class":121},[84,147710,103],{"class":102},[84,147712,2354],{"class":121},[84,147714,110],{"class":102},[33,147716,147717,147721,147724],{},[36,147718,147719,57323],{},[15,147720,2354],{},[36,147722,147723],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[36,147725,147726,147727],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147728,279],{},[1667,147730,102805],{"id":102804},[75,147732,147734],{"className":77,"code":147733,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147735,147736,147776,147800],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147737,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147739,12959],{"class":90},[84,147741,95],{"class":94},[84,147743,9115],{"class":102},[84,147745,854],{"class":387},[84,147747,12976],{"class":391},[84,147749,854],{"class":387},[84,147751,282],{"class":102},[84,147753,3230],{"class":387},[84,147755,12993],{"class":391},[84,147757,854],{"class":387},[84,147759,282],{"class":102},[84,147761,3230],{"class":387},[84,147763,12976],{"class":391},[84,147765,854],{"class":387},[84,147767,282],{"class":102},[84,147769,3230],{"class":387},[84,147771,17338],{"class":391},[84,147773,854],{"class":387},[84,147775,110],{"class":102},[84,147777,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,147779,116],{"class":98},[84,147781,103],{"class":102},[84,147783,17385],{"class":121},[84,147785,425],{"class":102},[84,147787,41131],{"class":121},[84,147789,103],{"class":102},[84,147791,854],{"class":387},[84,147793,12976],{"class":391},[84,147795,854],{"class":387},[84,147797,147],{"class":102},[84,147799,57513],{"class":128},[84,147801,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,147803,116],{"class":98},[84,147805,103],{"class":102},[84,147807,17385],{"class":121},[84,147809,425],{"class":102},[84,147811,41131],{"class":121},[84,147813,103],{"class":102},[84,147815,854],{"class":387},[84,147817,22405],{"class":391},[84,147819,854],{"class":387},[84,147821,147],{"class":102},[84,147823,51116],{"class":128},[24,147825,19841],{},[33,147827,147828,147833],{},[36,147829,147830,147832],{},[15,147831,65256],{}," appears 2 times",[36,147834,147835,147837,147838],{},[15,147836,109501],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147839,279],{},[70,147841,11355],{"id":11354},[24,147843,147844],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[75,147846,147848],{"className":77,"code":147847,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147849,147850,147898,147902,147924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147851,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147853,36113],{"class":90},[84,147855,95],{"class":94},[84,147857,9115],{"class":102},[84,147859,854],{"class":387},[84,147861,3952],{"class":391},[84,147863,854],{"class":387},[84,147865,282],{"class":102},[84,147867,3230],{"class":387},[84,147869,3961],{"class":391},[84,147871,854],{"class":387},[84,147873,282],{"class":102},[84,147875,3230],{"class":387},[84,147877,3952],{"class":391},[84,147879,854],{"class":387},[84,147881,282],{"class":102},[84,147883,3230],{"class":387},[84,147885,33098],{"class":391},[84,147887,854],{"class":387},[84,147889,282],{"class":102},[84,147891,3230],{"class":387},[84,147893,3952],{"class":391},[84,147895,854],{"class":387},[84,147897,110],{"class":102},[84,147899,147900],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,147901,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,147903,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,147905,2110],{"class":90},[84,147907,95],{"class":94},[84,147909,52720],{"class":90},[84,147911,425],{"class":102},[84,147913,41131],{"class":121},[84,147915,103],{"class":102},[84,147917,854],{"class":387},[84,147919,3952],{"class":391},[84,147921,854],{"class":387},[84,147923,110],{"class":102},[84,147925,147926,147928,147930,147932],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,147927,116],{"class":98},[84,147929,103],{"class":102},[84,147931,2145],{"class":121},[84,147933,110],{"class":102},[24,147935,265],{},[75,147937,147938],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147939,147940],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147941,147942],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147943,524],{"class":106},[24,147945,147946,147948,147949,2279,147951,425],{},[15,147947,57701],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147950,57158],{},[15,147952,1162],{},[70,147954,37890],{"id":37889},[24,147956,57412,147957,128440],{},[15,147958,57158],{},[33,147960,147961,147966,147971,147974],{},[36,147962,11303,147963,147965],{},[15,147964,279],{}," when the value does not exist",[36,147967,11303,147968,147970],{},[15,147969,838],{}," when the value appears once",[36,147972,147973],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[36,147975,147976,147977,147979],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147978,6872],{}," statements and other conditions",[24,147981,190],{},[75,147983,147985],{"className":77,"code":147984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147986,147987,148028,148032,148059],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147988,147989,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147990,147991],{"class":90},"answers ",[84,147993,95],{"class":94},[84,147995,9115],{"class":102},[84,147997,854],{"class":387},[84,147999,8535],{"class":391},[84,148001,854],{"class":387},[84,148003,282],{"class":102},[84,148005,3230],{"class":387},[84,148007,8474],{"class":391},[84,148009,854],{"class":387},[84,148011,282],{"class":102},[84,148013,3230],{"class":387},[84,148015,8535],{"class":391},[84,148017,854],{"class":387},[84,148019,282],{"class":102},[84,148021,3230],{"class":387},[84,148023,8535],{"class":391},[84,148025,854],{"class":387},[84,148027,110],{"class":102},[84,148029,148030],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148031,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,148033,148034,148036,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,148035,6872],{"class":470},[84,148037,148038],{"class":90}," answers",[84,148040,425],{"class":102},[84,148042,41131],{"class":121},[84,148044,103],{"class":102},[84,148046,854],{"class":387},[84,148048,8535],{"class":391},[84,148050,854],{"class":387},[84,148052,125],{"class":102},[84,148054,38266],{"class":94},[84,148056,299],{"class":106},[84,148058,6266],{"class":102},[84,148060,148061,148063,148065,148067,148070,148072],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,148062,490],{"class":98},[84,148064,103],{"class":102},[84,148066,854],{"class":387},[84,148068,148069],{"class":391},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[84,148071,854],{"class":387},[84,148073,110],{"class":102},[24,148075,265],{},[75,148077,148079],{"className":77,"code":148078,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148080,148081],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148082,148083,148086,148088,148090,148092,148095],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148084,148085],{"class":90},"The answer ",[84,148087,394],{"class":387},[84,148089,8535],{"class":391},[84,148091,394],{"class":387},[84,148093,148094],{"class":90}," appears more than once",[84,148096,122084],{"class":102},[70,148098,40917],{"id":40916},[24,148100,35283,148101,104268],{},[15,148102,147577],{},[33,148104,148105,148108,148111,148114],{},[36,148106,148107],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[36,148109,148110],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[36,148112,148113],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[36,148115,148116],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[24,148118,190],{},[75,148120,148122],{"className":77,"code":148121,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148123,148124,148152,148156,148178],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148125,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148127,4937],{"class":90},[84,148129,95],{"class":94},[84,148131,9115],{"class":102},[84,148133,2212],{"class":106},[84,148135,282],{"class":102},[84,148137,7667],{"class":106},[84,148139,282],{"class":102},[84,148141,573],{"class":106},[84,148143,282],{"class":102},[84,148145,7672],{"class":106},[84,148147,282],{"class":102},[84,148149,573],{"class":106},[84,148151,110],{"class":102},[84,148153,148154],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148155,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,148157,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,148159,6872],{"class":470},[84,148161,4984],{"class":90},[84,148163,425],{"class":102},[84,148165,41131],{"class":121},[84,148167,103],{"class":102},[84,148169,2212],{"class":106},[84,148171,125],{"class":102},[84,148173,51157],{"class":94},[84,148175,304],{"class":106},[84,148177,6266],{"class":102},[84,148179,148180,148182,148184,148186,148189,148191],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,148181,490],{"class":98},[84,148183,103],{"class":102},[84,148185,854],{"class":387},[84,148187,148188],{"class":391},"The score 10 is repeated.",[84,148190,854],{"class":387},[84,148192,110],{"class":102},[24,148194,265],{},[75,148196,148198],{"className":77,"code":148197,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148199,148200],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148201,148202,148205,148207,148209,148212],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148203,148204],{"class":90},"The score ",[84,148206,2212],{"class":106},[84,148208,7973],{"class":94},[84,148210,148211],{"class":90}," repeated",[84,148213,122084],{"class":102},[70,148215,148217],{"id":148216},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[24,148219,148220],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[33,148222,148223,148229,148234,148237],{},[36,148224,148225,148226,148228],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148227,57158],{}," still works because it only reads data",[36,148230,148231,148233],{},[15,148232,57158],{}," counts exact matches",[36,148235,148236],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[36,148238,148239,28,148241,148243],{},[15,148240,838],{},[15,148242,42030],{}," compare as equal in Python",[24,148245,190],{},[75,148247,148249],{"className":77,"code":148248,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148250,148251,148285,148289,148309,148333],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148252,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263,148266,148268,148270,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148254,3698],{"class":90},[84,148256,95],{"class":94},[84,148258,9115],{"class":102},[84,148260,838],{"class":106},[84,148262,282],{"class":102},[84,148264,148265],{"class":106}," 1.0",[84,148267,282],{"class":102},[84,148269,3230],{"class":387},[84,148271,148272],{"class":391},"Cat",[84,148274,854],{"class":387},[84,148276,282],{"class":102},[84,148278,3230],{"class":387},[84,148280,36919],{"class":391},[84,148282,854],{"class":387},[84,148284,110],{"class":102},[84,148286,148287],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148288,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,148290,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,148292,116],{"class":98},[84,148294,103],{"class":102},[84,148296,5233],{"class":121},[84,148298,425],{"class":102},[84,148300,41131],{"class":121},[84,148302,103],{"class":102},[84,148304,838],{"class":106},[84,148306,147],{"class":102},[84,148308,50963],{"class":128},[84,148310,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,148312,116],{"class":98},[84,148314,103],{"class":102},[84,148316,5233],{"class":121},[84,148318,425],{"class":102},[84,148320,41131],{"class":121},[84,148322,103],{"class":102},[84,148324,854],{"class":387},[84,148326,148272],{"class":391},[84,148328,854],{"class":387},[84,148330,147],{"class":102},[84,148332,27656],{"class":128},[84,148334,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,148336,116],{"class":98},[84,148338,103],{"class":102},[84,148340,5233],{"class":121},[84,148342,425],{"class":102},[84,148344,41131],{"class":121},[84,148346,103],{"class":102},[84,148348,854],{"class":387},[84,148350,36919],{"class":391},[84,148352,854],{"class":387},[84,148354,147],{"class":102},[84,148356,27656],{"class":128},[24,148358,1753,148359,5034,148362,1689],{},[15,148360,148361],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148363,568],{},[24,148365,8663,148366,4657,148369,148371],{},[15,148367,148368],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148370,3481],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[70,148373,1434],{"id":1433},[1667,148375,1442,148377,148379],{"id":148376},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148378,41131],{}," without parentheses",[24,148381,148382],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[75,148384,148386],{"className":77,"code":148385,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148387,148388,148412],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148389,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148391,91],{"class":90},[84,148393,95],{"class":94},[84,148395,9115],{"class":102},[84,148397,838],{"class":106},[84,148399,282],{"class":102},[84,148401,304],{"class":106},[84,148403,282],{"class":102},[84,148405,304],{"class":106},[84,148407,282],{"class":102},[84,148409,309],{"class":106},[84,148411,110],{"class":102},[84,148413,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148415,116],{"class":98},[84,148417,103],{"class":102},[84,148419,122],{"class":121},[84,148421,425],{"class":102},[84,148423,41131],{"class":24629},[84,148425,110],{"class":102},[24,148427,148428],{},"To call the method correctly:",[75,148430,148432],{"className":77,"code":148431,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148433,148434],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148435,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148437,116],{"class":98},[84,148439,103],{"class":102},[84,148441,122],{"class":121},[84,148443,425],{"class":102},[84,148445,41131],{"class":121},[84,148447,103],{"class":102},[84,148449,568],{"class":106},[84,148451,232],{"class":102},[1667,148453,8329,148454,8332,148456,2759,148458],{"id":58461},[15,148455,57158],{},[15,148457,3481],{},[15,148459,3548],{},[24,148461,148462,58472],{},[15,148463,57158],{},[75,148465,148467],{"className":77,"code":148466,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148468,148469,148501,148523,148527],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148470,148471,148473,148475,148477,148479,148481,148483,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148472,35967],{"class":90},[84,148474,95],{"class":94},[84,148476,9115],{"class":102},[84,148478,854],{"class":387},[84,148480,419],{"class":391},[84,148482,854],{"class":387},[84,148484,282],{"class":102},[84,148486,3230],{"class":387},[84,148488,4634],{"class":391},[84,148490,854],{"class":387},[84,148492,282],{"class":102},[84,148494,3230],{"class":387},[84,148496,419],{"class":391},[84,148498,854],{"class":387},[84,148500,110],{"class":102},[84,148502,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148504,2110],{"class":90},[84,148506,95],{"class":94},[84,148508,69959],{"class":90},[84,148510,425],{"class":102},[84,148512,41131],{"class":121},[84,148514,103],{"class":102},[84,148516,854],{"class":387},[84,148518,419],{"class":391},[84,148520,854],{"class":387},[84,148522,110],{"class":102},[84,148524,148525],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,148526,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,148528,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,148530,116],{"class":98},[84,148532,103],{"class":102},[84,148534,2145],{"class":121},[84,148536,125],{"class":102},[84,148538,51284],{"class":128},[24,148540,148541,148542,148544],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148543,476],{}," is often simpler:",[75,148546,148548],{"className":77,"code":148547,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148549,148550],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148551,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148553,116],{"class":98},[84,148555,103],{"class":102},[84,148557,854],{"class":387},[84,148559,419],{"class":391},[84,148561,854],{"class":387},[84,148563,620],{"class":470},[84,148565,69959],{"class":121},[84,148567,125],{"class":102},[84,148569,3538],{"class":128},[1667,148571,37076,148573,8582,148575],{"id":148572},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148574,147577],{},[15,148576,57163],{},[24,148578,148579],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[24,148581,148582],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1667,148584,148586],{"id":148585},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[24,148588,148589,148591],{},[15,148590,57158],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[75,148593,148595],{"className":77,"code":148594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148596,148597,148630,148656],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148598,148599,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148600,3943],{"class":90},[84,148602,95],{"class":94},[84,148604,9115],{"class":102},[84,148606,854],{"class":387},[84,148608,3952],{"class":391},[84,148610,854],{"class":387},[84,148612,282],{"class":102},[84,148614,3230],{"class":387},[84,148616,148617],{"class":391},"pineapple",[84,148619,854],{"class":387},[84,148621,282],{"class":102},[84,148623,3230],{"class":387},[84,148625,3952],{"class":391},[84,148627,854],{"class":387},[84,148629,110],{"class":102},[84,148631,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148649,148651,148653],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148633,116],{"class":98},[84,148635,103],{"class":102},[84,148637,3987],{"class":121},[84,148639,425],{"class":102},[84,148641,41131],{"class":121},[84,148643,103],{"class":102},[84,148645,854],{"class":387},[84,148647,148648],{"class":391},"app",[84,148650,854],{"class":387},[84,148652,147],{"class":102},[84,148654,148655],{"class":128},"    # 0\n",[84,148657,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,148659,116],{"class":98},[84,148661,103],{"class":102},[84,148663,3987],{"class":121},[84,148665,425],{"class":102},[84,148667,41131],{"class":121},[84,148669,103],{"class":102},[84,148671,854],{"class":387},[84,148673,3952],{"class":391},[84,148675,854],{"class":387},[84,148677,147],{"class":102},[84,148679,51284],{"class":128},[24,148681,148682,148685,148686,425],{},[15,148683,148684],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148687,279],{},[70,148689,148691],{"id":148690},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[24,148693,148694],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[33,148696,148697,148702,148711,148717],{},[36,148698,153,148699,148701],{},[15,148700,476],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[36,148703,153,148704,148710],{},[419,148705,148707,148708],{"href":148706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148709,58836],{}," to find the position of a value",[36,148712,153,148713,148716],{},[15,148714,148715],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[36,148718,148719],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[24,148721,45912,148722,881],{},[15,148723,476],{},[75,148725,148727],{"className":77,"code":148726,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148728,148729,148749,148753,148769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148730,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148732,91],{"class":90},[84,148734,95],{"class":94},[84,148736,9115],{"class":102},[84,148738,2386],{"class":106},[84,148740,282],{"class":102},[84,148742,5867],{"class":106},[84,148744,282],{"class":102},[84,148746,54004],{"class":106},[84,148748,110],{"class":102},[84,148750,148751],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148752,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,148754,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,148756,116],{"class":98},[84,148758,103],{"class":102},[84,148760,1909],{"class":106},[84,148762,620],{"class":470},[84,148764,4137],{"class":121},[84,148766,125],{"class":102},[84,148768,43727],{"class":128},[84,148770,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,148772,116],{"class":98},[84,148774,103],{"class":102},[84,148776,107],{"class":106},[84,148778,620],{"class":470},[84,148780,4137],{"class":121},[84,148782,125],{"class":102},[84,148784,43744],{"class":128},[24,148786,45912,148787,881],{},[15,148788,58836],{},[75,148790,148792],{"className":77,"code":148791,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148793,148794,148818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148795,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814,148816],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148797,91],{"class":90},[84,148799,95],{"class":94},[84,148801,9115],{"class":102},[84,148803,2386],{"class":106},[84,148805,282],{"class":102},[84,148807,5867],{"class":106},[84,148809,282],{"class":102},[84,148811,54004],{"class":106},[84,148813,282],{"class":102},[84,148815,5867],{"class":106},[84,148817,110],{"class":102},[84,148819,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,148821,116],{"class":98},[84,148823,103],{"class":102},[84,148825,122],{"class":121},[84,148827,425],{"class":102},[84,148829,35722],{"class":121},[84,148831,103],{"class":102},[84,148833,1909],{"class":106},[84,148835,147],{"class":102},[84,148837,27656],{"class":128},[24,148839,148840,148842,148843,148845,148847],{},[15,148841,57158],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9726,148844],{},[15,148846,58836],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[70,148849,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,148851,5016,148853,5019],{"id":148852},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148854,147577],{},[24,148856,148857],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1667,148859,12586,148861,148863],{"id":148860},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148862,147577],{}," change the tuple?",[24,148865,148866],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1667,148868,148870],{"id":148869},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[24,148872,11792,148873,425],{},[15,148874,279],{},[1667,148876,5043,148878,148880],{"id":148877},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148879,147577],{}," count strings?",[24,148882,148883],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1667,148885,5053,148887,28,148889,1689],{"id":148886},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148888,147577],{},[15,148890,148891],{},"tuple.index()",[24,148893,148894,148896,148897,148899],{},[15,148895,57158],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148898,58836],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[70,148901,1777],{"id":1776},[33,148903,148904,148908,148913,148920,148928],{},[36,148905,148906],{},[419,148907,147686],{"href":147685},[36,148909,148910],{},[419,148911,148912],{"href":147689},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[36,148914,148915],{},[419,148916,148917,148918,10620],{"href":148706},"Python tuple ",[15,148919,58836],{},[36,148921,148922],{},[419,148923,148925,148926],{"href":148924},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148927,1085],{},[36,148929,148930],{},[419,148931,58824],{"href":58823},[1814,148933,148934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":148936},[148937,148939,148942,148943,148944,148945,148946,148954,148955,148966],{"id":147653,"depth":113,"text":148938},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147693,"depth":113,"text":147694,"children":148940},[148941],{"id":102804,"depth":132,"text":102805},{"id":11354,"depth":113,"text":11355},{"id":37889,"depth":113,"text":37890},{"id":40916,"depth":113,"text":40917},{"id":148216,"depth":113,"text":148217},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":148947},[148948,148950,148951,148953],{"id":148376,"depth":132,"text":148949},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58461,"depth":132,"text":58877},{"id":148572,"depth":132,"text":148952},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148585,"depth":132,"text":148586},{"id":148690,"depth":113,"text":148691},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":148956},[148957,148959,148961,148962,148964],{"id":148852,"depth":132,"text":148958},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148860,"depth":132,"text":148960},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148869,"depth":132,"text":148870},{"id":148877,"depth":132,"text":148963},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148886,"depth":132,"text":148965},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147564,"description":148967},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148974,"title":148975,"body":148976,"description":150663,"extension":1845,"meta":150664,"navigation":237,"path":150665,"seo":150666,"stem":150667,"__hash__":150668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148977,"toc":150626},[148978,148981,148984,148993,148995,149125,149127,149188,149194,149196,149216,149220,149223,149226,149261,149263,149284,149287,149326,149328,149353,149360,149364,149367,149404,149406,149429,149432,149435,149447,149453,149457,149460,149466,149507,149509,149532,149535,149576,149578,149605,149607,149624,149626,149643,149646,149650,149653,149655,149689,149691,149738,149742,149781,149785,149788,149845,149847,149888,149894,149900,149905,149907,149944,149946,149966,149968,150001,150003,150036,150039,150043,150076,150078,150103,150106,150108,150122,150129,150131,150134,150138,150141,150176,150179,150214,150218,150221,150260,150263,150302,150306,150308,150338,150341,150348,150350,150382,150385,150417,150420,150451,150453,150470,150474,150477,150541,150543,150547,150554,150558,150561,150565,150568,150572,150575,150580,150586,150588,150623],[10,148979,148975],{"id":148980},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[24,148982,148983],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[24,148985,148986,148987,2759,148991,425],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[419,148988,148990],{"href":148989},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[419,148992,147686],{"href":147685},[70,148994,1887],{"id":1886},[75,148996,148998],{"className":77,"code":148997,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148999,149000,149020,149029,149043,149079,149083,149093,149103,149114],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149001,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149003,91],{"class":90},[84,149005,95],{"class":94},[84,149007,9115],{"class":102},[84,149009,838],{"class":106},[84,149011,282],{"class":102},[84,149013,304],{"class":106},[84,149015,282],{"class":102},[84,149017,309],{"class":106},[84,149019,110],{"class":102},[84,149021,149022,149024,149026],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149023,124550],{"class":90},[84,149025,95],{"class":94},[84,149027,149028],{"class":102}," ()\n",[84,149030,149031,149034,149036,149038,149040],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,149032,149033],{"class":90},"one_item ",[84,149035,95],{"class":94},[84,149037,9115],{"class":102},[84,149039,107],{"class":106},[84,149041,149042],{"class":102},",)\n",[84,149044,149045,149048,149050,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,149046,149047],{"class":90},"from_list ",[84,149049,95],{"class":94},[84,149051,149052],{"class":139}," tuple",[84,149054,2865],{"class":102},[84,149056,854],{"class":387},[84,149058,419],{"class":391},[84,149060,854],{"class":387},[84,149062,282],{"class":102},[84,149064,3230],{"class":387},[84,149066,4634],{"class":391},[84,149068,854],{"class":387},[84,149070,282],{"class":102},[84,149072,3230],{"class":387},[84,149074,9619],{"class":391},[84,149076,854],{"class":387},[84,149078,741],{"class":102},[84,149080,149081],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,149082,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,149084,149085,149087,149089,149091],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,149086,116],{"class":98},[84,149088,103],{"class":102},[84,149090,122],{"class":121},[84,149092,110],{"class":102},[84,149094,149095,149097,149099,149101],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,149096,116],{"class":98},[84,149098,103],{"class":102},[84,149100,124601],{"class":121},[84,149102,110],{"class":102},[84,149104,149105,149107,149109,149112],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,149106,116],{"class":98},[84,149108,103],{"class":102},[84,149110,149111],{"class":121},"one_item",[84,149113,110],{"class":102},[84,149115,149116,149118,149120,149123],{"class":86,"line":6305},[84,149117,116],{"class":98},[84,149119,103],{"class":102},[84,149121,149122],{"class":121},"from_list",[84,149124,110],{"class":102},[24,149126,265],{},[75,149128,149130],{"className":77,"code":149129,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149131,149132,149148,149152,149160],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149133,149134,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144,149146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149135,103],{"class":102},[84,149137,838],{"class":106},[84,149139,282],{"class":102},[84,149141,304],{"class":106},[84,149143,282],{"class":102},[84,149145,309],{"class":106},[84,149147,110],{"class":102},[84,149149,149150],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149151,8520],{"class":102},[84,149153,149154,149156,149158],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,149155,103],{"class":102},[84,149157,107],{"class":106},[84,149159,149042],{"class":102},[84,149161,149162,149164,149166,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,149163,103],{"class":102},[84,149165,394],{"class":387},[84,149167,419],{"class":391},[84,149169,394],{"class":387},[84,149171,282],{"class":102},[84,149173,388],{"class":387},[84,149175,4634],{"class":391},[84,149177,394],{"class":387},[84,149179,282],{"class":102},[84,149181,388],{"class":387},[84,149183,9619],{"class":391},[84,149185,394],{"class":387},[84,149187,110],{"class":102},[24,149189,149190,149191,425],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149192,149193],{},"(5,)",[70,149195,15046],{"id":15045},[33,149197,149198,149201,149204,149207,149210,149213],{},[36,149199,149200],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[36,149202,149203],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[36,149205,149206],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[36,149208,149209],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[36,149211,149212],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[36,149214,149215],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[70,149217,149219],{"id":149218},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[24,149221,149222],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[24,149224,149225],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[75,149227,149229],{"className":77,"code":149228,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149230,149231,149251],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149232,149233,149235,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149234,91],{"class":90},[84,149236,95],{"class":94},[84,149238,9115],{"class":102},[84,149240,838],{"class":106},[84,149242,282],{"class":102},[84,149244,304],{"class":106},[84,149246,282],{"class":102},[84,149248,309],{"class":106},[84,149250,110],{"class":102},[84,149252,149253,149255,149257,149259],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149254,116],{"class":98},[84,149256,103],{"class":102},[84,149258,122],{"class":121},[84,149260,110],{"class":102},[24,149262,265],{},[75,149264,149266],{"className":77,"code":149265,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149267,149268],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149269,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149271,103],{"class":102},[84,149273,838],{"class":106},[84,149275,282],{"class":102},[84,149277,304],{"class":106},[84,149279,282],{"class":102},[84,149281,309],{"class":106},[84,149283,110],{"class":102},[24,149285,149286],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[75,149288,149290],{"className":77,"code":149289,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149291,149292,149316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149293,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149295,9044],{"class":90},[84,149297,95],{"class":94},[84,149299,9115],{"class":102},[84,149301,838],{"class":106},[84,149303,282],{"class":102},[84,149305,3230],{"class":387},[84,149307,3952],{"class":391},[84,149309,854],{"class":387},[84,149311,282],{"class":102},[84,149313,3789],{"class":659},[84,149315,110],{"class":102},[84,149317,149318,149320,149322,149324],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149319,116],{"class":98},[84,149321,103],{"class":102},[84,149323,9083],{"class":121},[84,149325,110],{"class":102},[24,149327,265],{},[75,149329,149331],{"className":77,"code":149330,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149332,149333],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149334,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149336,103],{"class":102},[84,149338,838],{"class":106},[84,149340,282],{"class":102},[84,149342,388],{"class":387},[84,149344,3952],{"class":391},[84,149346,394],{"class":387},[84,149348,282],{"class":102},[84,149350,3789],{"class":659},[84,149352,110],{"class":102},[24,149354,149355,149356,425],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[419,149357,149359],{"href":149358},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[70,149361,149363],{"id":149362},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[24,149365,149366],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[75,149368,149370],{"className":77,"code":149369,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149371,149372,149380,149390],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149373,149374,149376,149378],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149375,124550],{"class":90},[84,149377,95],{"class":94},[84,149379,149028],{"class":102},[84,149381,149382,149384,149386,149388],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149383,116],{"class":98},[84,149385,103],{"class":102},[84,149387,124601],{"class":121},[84,149389,110],{"class":102},[84,149391,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,149393,116],{"class":98},[84,149395,103],{"class":102},[84,149397,334],{"class":139},[84,149399,103],{"class":102},[84,149401,124601],{"class":121},[84,149403,232],{"class":102},[24,149405,265],{},[75,149407,149409],{"className":77,"code":149408,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149410,149411,149415],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149412,149413],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149414,8520],{"class":102},[84,149416,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149418,380],{"class":94},[84,149420,384],{"class":383},[84,149422,388],{"class":387},[84,149424,48821],{"class":391},[84,149426,394],{"class":387},[84,149428,397],{"class":94},[24,149430,149431],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[24,149433,149434],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[33,149436,149437,149442],{},[36,149438,149439,149440],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149441,7241],{},[36,149443,149444,149445],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149446,3662],{},[24,149448,149449,149450,425],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[419,149451,149452],{"href":57021},"Python list: creating a list",[70,149454,149456],{"id":149455},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[24,149458,149459],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[24,149461,149462,149463,149465],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[42,149464,1367],{}," automatically a tuple:",[75,149467,149469],{"className":77,"code":149468,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149470,149471,149483,149493],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149472,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149474,2329],{"class":90},[84,149476,95],{"class":94},[84,149478,9115],{"class":102},[84,149480,107],{"class":106},[84,149482,110],{"class":102},[84,149484,149485,149487,149489,149491],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149486,116],{"class":98},[84,149488,103],{"class":102},[84,149490,2354],{"class":121},[84,149492,110],{"class":102},[84,149494,149495,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,149496,116],{"class":98},[84,149498,103],{"class":102},[84,149500,334],{"class":139},[84,149502,103],{"class":102},[84,149504,2354],{"class":121},[84,149506,232],{"class":102},[24,149508,265],{},[75,149510,149512],{"className":77,"code":149511,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149513,149514,149518],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149515,149516],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149517,1184],{"class":106},[84,149519,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149521,380],{"class":94},[84,149523,384],{"class":383},[84,149525,388],{"class":387},[84,149527,2070],{"class":391},[84,149529,394],{"class":387},[84,149531,397],{"class":94},[24,149533,149534],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[75,149536,149538],{"className":77,"code":149537,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149539,149540,149552,149562],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149541,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149543,149033],{"class":90},[84,149545,95],{"class":94},[84,149547,9115],{"class":102},[84,149549,107],{"class":106},[84,149551,149042],{"class":102},[84,149553,149554,149556,149558,149560],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149555,116],{"class":98},[84,149557,103],{"class":102},[84,149559,149111],{"class":121},[84,149561,110],{"class":102},[84,149563,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,149565,116],{"class":98},[84,149567,103],{"class":102},[84,149569,334],{"class":139},[84,149571,103],{"class":102},[84,149573,149111],{"class":121},[84,149575,232],{"class":102},[24,149577,265],{},[75,149579,149581],{"className":77,"code":149580,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149582,149583,149591],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149584,149585,149587,149589],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149586,103],{"class":102},[84,149588,107],{"class":106},[84,149590,149042],{"class":102},[84,149592,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149594,380],{"class":94},[84,149596,384],{"class":383},[84,149598,388],{"class":387},[84,149600,48821],{"class":391},[84,149602,394],{"class":387},[84,149604,397],{"class":94},[24,149606,16538],{},[75,149608,149610],{"className":77,"code":149609,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149611,149612],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149615,103],{"class":102},[84,149617,854],{"class":387},[84,149619,3952],{"class":391},[84,149621,854],{"class":387},[84,149623,149042],{"class":102},[24,149625,16526],{},[75,149627,149629],{"className":77,"code":149628,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149630,149631],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149632,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149634,103],{"class":102},[84,149636,854],{"class":387},[84,149638,3952],{"class":391},[84,149640,854],{"class":387},[84,149642,110],{"class":102},[24,149644,149645],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[70,149647,149649],{"id":149648},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[24,149651,149652],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1667,149654,56329],{"id":122},[75,149656,149657],{"className":77,"code":149228,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,149658,149659,149679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149660,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671,149673,149675,149677],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149662,91],{"class":90},[84,149664,95],{"class":94},[84,149666,9115],{"class":102},[84,149668,838],{"class":106},[84,149670,282],{"class":102},[84,149672,304],{"class":106},[84,149674,282],{"class":102},[84,149676,309],{"class":106},[84,149678,110],{"class":102},[84,149680,149681,149683,149685,149687],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149682,116],{"class":98},[84,149684,103],{"class":102},[84,149686,122],{"class":121},[84,149688,110],{"class":102},[1667,149690,56332],{"id":5183},[75,149692,149694],{"className":77,"code":149693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149695,149696,149728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149697,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149699,12959],{"class":90},[84,149701,95],{"class":94},[84,149703,9115],{"class":102},[84,149705,854],{"class":387},[84,149707,12976],{"class":391},[84,149709,854],{"class":387},[84,149711,282],{"class":102},[84,149713,3230],{"class":387},[84,149715,17338],{"class":391},[84,149717,854],{"class":387},[84,149719,282],{"class":102},[84,149721,3230],{"class":387},[84,149723,12993],{"class":391},[84,149725,854],{"class":387},[84,149727,110],{"class":102},[84,149729,149730,149732,149734,149736],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149731,116],{"class":98},[84,149733,103],{"class":102},[84,149735,17385],{"class":121},[84,149737,110],{"class":102},[1667,149739,149741],{"id":149740},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[75,149743,149745],{"className":77,"code":149744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149746,149747,149771],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149748,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149750,59341],{"class":90},[84,149752,95],{"class":94},[84,149754,9115],{"class":102},[84,149756,838],{"class":106},[84,149758,282],{"class":102},[84,149760,3230],{"class":387},[84,149762,3952],{"class":391},[84,149764,854],{"class":387},[84,149766,282],{"class":102},[84,149768,3789],{"class":659},[84,149770,110],{"class":102},[84,149772,149773,149775,149777,149779],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149774,116],{"class":98},[84,149776,103],{"class":102},[84,149778,59394],{"class":121},[84,149780,110],{"class":102},[1667,149782,149784],{"id":149783},"nested-values","Nested values",[24,149786,149787],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[75,149789,149791],{"className":77,"code":149790,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149792,149793,149834],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149794,149795,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149796,149797],{"class":90},"nested ",[84,149799,95],{"class":94},[84,149801,9115],{"class":102},[84,149803,838],{"class":106},[84,149805,282],{"class":102},[84,149807,9115],{"class":102},[84,149809,854],{"class":387},[84,149811,419],{"class":391},[84,149813,854],{"class":387},[84,149815,282],{"class":102},[84,149817,3230],{"class":387},[84,149819,4634],{"class":391},[84,149821,854],{"class":387},[84,149823,9112],{"class":102},[84,149825,3498],{"class":102},[84,149827,2212],{"class":106},[84,149829,282],{"class":102},[84,149831,7667],{"class":106},[84,149833,741],{"class":102},[84,149835,149836,149838,149840,149843],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149837,116],{"class":98},[84,149839,103],{"class":102},[84,149841,149842],{"class":121},"nested",[84,149844,110],{"class":102},[24,149846,265],{},[75,149848,149850],{"className":77,"code":149849,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149851,149852],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884,149886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149855,103],{"class":102},[84,149857,838],{"class":106},[84,149859,282],{"class":102},[84,149861,9115],{"class":102},[84,149863,394],{"class":387},[84,149865,419],{"class":391},[84,149867,394],{"class":387},[84,149869,282],{"class":102},[84,149871,388],{"class":387},[84,149873,4634],{"class":391},[84,149875,394],{"class":387},[84,149877,9112],{"class":102},[84,149879,3498],{"class":102},[84,149881,2212],{"class":106},[84,149883,282],{"class":102},[84,149885,7667],{"class":106},[84,149887,741],{"class":102},[70,149889,149891,149892],{"id":149890},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149893,37916],{},[24,149895,149896,149897,149899],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149898,37916],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[24,149901,149902,149903,425],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[419,149904,63083],{"href":63082},[1667,149906,104945],{"id":104944},[75,149908,149910],{"className":77,"code":149909,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149911,149912,149934],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149913,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149915,91],{"class":90},[84,149917,95],{"class":94},[84,149919,149052],{"class":139},[84,149921,2865],{"class":102},[84,149923,838],{"class":106},[84,149925,282],{"class":102},[84,149927,304],{"class":106},[84,149929,282],{"class":102},[84,149931,309],{"class":106},[84,149933,741],{"class":102},[84,149935,149936,149938,149940,149942],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149937,116],{"class":98},[84,149939,103],{"class":102},[84,149941,122],{"class":121},[84,149943,110],{"class":102},[24,149945,265],{},[75,149947,149948],{"className":77,"code":149265,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,149949,149950],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149951,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149953,103],{"class":102},[84,149955,838],{"class":106},[84,149957,282],{"class":102},[84,149959,304],{"class":106},[84,149961,282],{"class":102},[84,149963,309],{"class":106},[84,149965,110],{"class":102},[1667,149967,105131],{"id":105130},[75,149969,149971],{"className":77,"code":149970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149972,149973,149991],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149974,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149976,35967],{"class":90},[84,149978,95],{"class":94},[84,149980,149052],{"class":139},[84,149982,103],{"class":102},[84,149984,854],{"class":387},[84,149986,41432],{"class":391},[84,149988,854],{"class":387},[84,149990,110],{"class":102},[84,149992,149993,149995,149997,149999],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,149994,116],{"class":98},[84,149996,103],{"class":102},[84,149998,36019],{"class":121},[84,150000,110],{"class":102},[24,150002,265],{},[75,150004,150006],{"className":77,"code":150005,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150007,150008],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150009,150010,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150011,103],{"class":102},[84,150013,394],{"class":387},[84,150015,419],{"class":391},[84,150017,394],{"class":387},[84,150019,282],{"class":102},[84,150021,388],{"class":387},[84,150023,4634],{"class":391},[84,150025,394],{"class":387},[84,150027,282],{"class":102},[84,150029,388],{"class":387},[84,150031,9619],{"class":391},[84,150033,394],{"class":387},[84,150035,110],{"class":102},[24,150037,150038],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1667,150040,150042],{"id":150041},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[75,150044,150046],{"className":77,"code":150045,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150047,150048,150066],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150049,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150051,3698],{"class":90},[84,150053,95],{"class":94},[84,150055,149052],{"class":139},[84,150057,103],{"class":102},[84,150059,225],{"class":98},[84,150061,103],{"class":102},[84,150063,2386],{"class":106},[84,150065,232],{"class":102},[84,150067,150068,150070,150072,150074],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150069,116],{"class":98},[84,150071,103],{"class":102},[84,150073,5233],{"class":121},[84,150075,110],{"class":102},[24,150077,265],{},[75,150079,150081],{"className":77,"code":150080,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150082,150083],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150084,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150086,103],{"class":102},[84,150088,279],{"class":106},[84,150090,282],{"class":102},[84,150092,299],{"class":106},[84,150094,282],{"class":102},[84,150096,304],{"class":106},[84,150098,282],{"class":102},[84,150100,309],{"class":106},[84,150102,110],{"class":102},[24,150104,150105],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[70,150107,20684],{"id":20683},[33,150109,150110,150113,150116,150119],{},[36,150111,150112],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[36,150114,150115],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[36,150117,150118],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[36,150120,150121],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[24,150123,150124,150125,425],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[419,150126,150128],{"href":150127},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[70,150130,1434],{"id":1433},[24,150132,150133],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1667,150135,150137],{"id":150136},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[24,150139,150140],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[75,150142,150144],{"className":77,"code":150143,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150145,150146,150162],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150147,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150149,28415],{"class":90},[84,150151,95],{"class":94},[84,150153,9115],{"class":102},[84,150155,854],{"class":387},[84,150157,3952],{"class":391},[84,150159,854],{"class":387},[84,150161,110],{"class":102},[84,150163,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150165,116],{"class":98},[84,150167,103],{"class":102},[84,150169,334],{"class":139},[84,150171,103],{"class":102},[84,150173,23191],{"class":121},[84,150175,232],{"class":102},[24,150177,150178],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[75,150180,150182],{"className":77,"code":150181,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150183,150184,150200],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150185,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194,150196,150198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150187,28415],{"class":90},[84,150189,95],{"class":94},[84,150191,9115],{"class":102},[84,150193,854],{"class":387},[84,150195,3952],{"class":391},[84,150197,854],{"class":387},[84,150199,149042],{"class":102},[84,150201,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150203,116],{"class":98},[84,150205,103],{"class":102},[84,150207,334],{"class":139},[84,150209,103],{"class":102},[84,150211,23191],{"class":121},[84,150213,232],{"class":102},[1667,150215,150217],{"id":150216},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[24,150219,150220],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[75,150222,150224],{"className":77,"code":150223,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150225,150226,150246],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150227,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150229,3698],{"class":90},[84,150231,95],{"class":94},[84,150233,3498],{"class":102},[84,150235,838],{"class":106},[84,150237,282],{"class":102},[84,150239,304],{"class":106},[84,150241,282],{"class":102},[84,150243,309],{"class":106},[84,150245,317],{"class":102},[84,150247,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150249,116],{"class":98},[84,150251,103],{"class":102},[84,150253,334],{"class":139},[84,150255,103],{"class":102},[84,150257,5233],{"class":121},[84,150259,232],{"class":102},[24,150261,150262],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[75,150264,150266],{"className":77,"code":150265,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150267,150268,150288],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150269,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150271,3698],{"class":90},[84,150273,95],{"class":94},[84,150275,9115],{"class":102},[84,150277,838],{"class":106},[84,150279,282],{"class":102},[84,150281,304],{"class":106},[84,150283,282],{"class":102},[84,150285,309],{"class":106},[84,150287,110],{"class":102},[84,150289,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150291,116],{"class":98},[84,150293,103],{"class":102},[84,150295,334],{"class":139},[84,150297,103],{"class":102},[84,150299,5233],{"class":121},[84,150301,232],{"class":102},[1667,150303,150305],{"id":150304},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[24,150307,150118],{},[75,150309,150311],{"className":77,"code":150310,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150312,150313,150333],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150314,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150316,91],{"class":90},[84,150318,95],{"class":94},[84,150320,9115],{"class":102},[84,150322,838],{"class":106},[84,150324,282],{"class":102},[84,150326,304],{"class":106},[84,150328,282],{"class":102},[84,150330,309],{"class":106},[84,150332,110],{"class":102},[84,150334,150335],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150336,150337],{"class":128},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[24,150339,150340],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1667,150342,37076,150344,150347],{"id":150343},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150345,150346],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[24,150349,64508],{},[75,150351,150352],{"className":77,"code":149970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,150353,150354,150372],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150355,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366,150368,150370],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150357,35967],{"class":90},[84,150359,95],{"class":94},[84,150361,149052],{"class":139},[84,150363,103],{"class":102},[84,150365,854],{"class":387},[84,150367,41432],{"class":391},[84,150369,854],{"class":387},[84,150371,110],{"class":102},[84,150373,150374,150376,150378,150380],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150375,116],{"class":98},[84,150377,103],{"class":102},[84,150379,36019],{"class":121},[84,150381,110],{"class":102},[24,150383,150384],{},"gives:",[75,150386,150387],{"className":77,"code":150005,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,150388,150389],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150390,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413,150415],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150392,103],{"class":102},[84,150394,394],{"class":387},[84,150396,419],{"class":391},[84,150398,394],{"class":387},[84,150400,282],{"class":102},[84,150402,388],{"class":387},[84,150404,4634],{"class":391},[84,150406,394],{"class":387},[84,150408,282],{"class":102},[84,150410,388],{"class":387},[84,150412,9619],{"class":391},[84,150414,394],{"class":387},[84,150416,110],{"class":102},[24,150418,150419],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[75,150421,150423],{"className":77,"code":150422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150424,150425,150441],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150426,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150428,6026],{"class":90},[84,150430,95],{"class":94},[84,150432,9115],{"class":102},[84,150434,854],{"class":387},[84,150436,41432],{"class":391},[84,150438,854],{"class":387},[84,150440,149042],{"class":102},[84,150442,150443,150445,150447,150449],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150444,116],{"class":98},[84,150446,103],{"class":102},[84,150448,38261],{"class":121},[84,150450,110],{"class":102},[24,150452,265],{},[75,150454,150456],{"className":77,"code":150455,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('abc',)\n",[15,150457,150458],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150459,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150461,103],{"class":102},[84,150463,394],{"class":387},[84,150465,41432],{"class":391},[84,150467,394],{"class":387},[84,150469,149042],{"class":102},[1667,150471,150473],{"id":150472},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[24,150475,150476],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[75,150478,150480],{"className":77,"code":150479,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150481,150482,150499,150503,150513,150527],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150483,150484,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150485,150486],{"class":90},"my_tuple ",[84,150488,95],{"class":94},[84,150490,9115],{"class":102},[84,150492,854],{"class":387},[84,150494,3952],{"class":391},[84,150496,854],{"class":387},[84,150498,149042],{"class":102},[84,150500,150501],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150502,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,150504,150505,150507,150509,150511],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,150506,116],{"class":98},[84,150508,103],{"class":102},[84,150510,147704],{"class":121},[84,150512,110],{"class":102},[84,150514,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523,150525],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,150516,116],{"class":98},[84,150518,103],{"class":102},[84,150520,334],{"class":139},[84,150522,103],{"class":102},[84,150524,147704],{"class":121},[84,150526,232],{"class":102},[84,150528,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537,150539],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,150530,116],{"class":98},[84,150532,103],{"class":102},[84,150534,602],{"class":98},[84,150536,103],{"class":102},[84,150538,147704],{"class":121},[84,150540,232],{"class":102},[70,150542,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,150544,150546],{"id":150545},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[24,150548,150549,150550,150553],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150551,150552],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1667,150555,150557],{"id":150556},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[24,150559,150560],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1667,150562,150564],{"id":150563},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[24,150566,150567],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1667,150569,150571],{"id":150570},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[24,150573,150574],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1667,150576,5016,150578,12598],{"id":150577},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150579,150346],{},[24,150581,5022,150582,150585],{},[15,150583,150584],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[70,150587,1777],{"id":1776},[33,150589,150590,150594,150598,150604,150609,150614,150618],{},[36,150591,150592],{},[419,150593,147686],{"href":147685},[36,150595,150596],{},[419,150597,149359],{"href":149358},[36,150599,150600],{},[419,150601,150603],{"href":150602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[36,150605,150606],{},[419,150607,150608],{"href":148924},"Python tuple length with len()",[36,150610,150611],{},[419,150612,150613],{"href":148989},"What is a tuple in Python?",[36,150615,150616],{},[419,150617,63083],{"href":63082},[36,150619,150620],{},[419,150621,150622],{"href":150127},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1814,150624,150625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":150627},[150628,150629,150630,150631,150632,150633,150639,150645,150646,150654,150662],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":15045,"depth":113,"text":15046},{"id":149218,"depth":113,"text":149219},{"id":149362,"depth":113,"text":149363},{"id":149455,"depth":113,"text":149456},{"id":149648,"depth":113,"text":149649,"children":150634},[150635,150636,150637,150638],{"id":122,"depth":132,"text":56329},{"id":5183,"depth":132,"text":56332},{"id":149740,"depth":132,"text":149741},{"id":149783,"depth":132,"text":149784},{"id":149890,"depth":113,"text":150640,"children":150641},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150642,150643,150644],{"id":104944,"depth":132,"text":104945},{"id":105130,"depth":132,"text":105131},{"id":150041,"depth":132,"text":150042},{"id":20683,"depth":113,"text":20684},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":150647},[150648,150649,150650,150651,150653],{"id":150136,"depth":132,"text":150137},{"id":150216,"depth":132,"text":150217},{"id":150304,"depth":132,"text":150305},{"id":150343,"depth":132,"text":150652},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150472,"depth":132,"text":150473},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":150655},[150656,150657,150658,150659,150660],{"id":150545,"depth":132,"text":150546},{"id":150556,"depth":132,"text":150557},{"id":150563,"depth":132,"text":150564},{"id":150570,"depth":132,"text":150571},{"id":150577,"depth":132,"text":150661},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148975,"description":150663},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150670,"title":150671,"body":150672,"description":152217,"extension":1845,"meta":152218,"navigation":237,"path":152219,"seo":152220,"stem":152221,"__hash__":152222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150673,"toc":152187},[150674,150677,150682,150684,150697,150703,150705,150772,150774,150809,150814,150818,150822,150824,150835,150843,150845,150847,150868,150870,150890,150893,150895,150900,150943,150945,150967,150970,150983,150987,150991,150994,151047,151049,151070,151075,151079,151082,151127,151129,151162,151174,151178,151186,151223,151225,151254,151258,151261,151314,151316,151336,151343,151347,151352,151421,151423,151448,151452,151455,151461,151538,151540,151599,151601,151613,151618,151622,151626,151640,151642,151677,151679,151696,151699,151712,151716,151720,151731,151736,151751,151754,151757,151759,151762,151766,151768,151782,151784,151808,151813,151817,151820,151839,151842,151891,151896,151913,151916,151949,151953,151955,152006,152009,152034,152037,152060,152064,152070,152072,152107,152110,152115,152117,152121,152124,152128,152133,152137,152140,152144,152147,152151,152156,152158,152184],[10,150675,150671],{"id":150676},"python-tuple-function-explained",[24,150678,9001,150679,150681],{},[15,150680,37916],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[24,150683,82451],{},[33,150685,150686,150691],{},[36,150687,150688,150690],{},[15,150689,37916],{}," creates an empty tuple",[36,150692,150693,150696],{},[15,150694,150695],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[24,150698,150699,150700,150702],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150701,37916],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[70,150704,1887],{"id":1886},[75,150706,150708],{"className":77,"code":150707,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150709,150710,150730,150744,150748,150758],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150711,150712,150714,150716,150718,150720,150722,150724,150726,150728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150713,91],{"class":90},[84,150715,95],{"class":94},[84,150717,3498],{"class":102},[84,150719,838],{"class":106},[84,150721,282],{"class":102},[84,150723,304],{"class":106},[84,150725,282],{"class":102},[84,150727,309],{"class":106},[84,150729,317],{"class":102},[84,150731,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150733,2110],{"class":90},[84,150735,95],{"class":94},[84,150737,149052],{"class":139},[84,150739,103],{"class":102},[84,150741,122],{"class":121},[84,150743,110],{"class":102},[84,150745,150746],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,150747,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,150749,150750,150752,150754,150756],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,150751,116],{"class":98},[84,150753,103],{"class":102},[84,150755,2145],{"class":121},[84,150757,110],{"class":102},[84,150759,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,150761,116],{"class":98},[84,150763,103],{"class":102},[84,150765,334],{"class":139},[84,150767,103],{"class":102},[84,150769,2145],{"class":121},[84,150771,232],{"class":102},[24,150773,265],{},[75,150775,150777],{"className":77,"code":150776,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150778,150779,150795],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150780,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150782,103],{"class":102},[84,150784,838],{"class":106},[84,150786,282],{"class":102},[84,150788,304],{"class":106},[84,150790,282],{"class":102},[84,150792,309],{"class":106},[84,150794,110],{"class":102},[84,150796,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150798,380],{"class":94},[84,150800,384],{"class":383},[84,150802,388],{"class":387},[84,150804,48821],{"class":391},[84,150806,394],{"class":387},[84,150808,397],{"class":94},[24,150810,153,150811,150813],{},[15,150812,150695],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[70,150815,150817],{"id":150816},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[24,150819,150820,62791],{},[15,150821,37916],{},[24,150823,48795],{},[33,150825,150826,150829,150832],{},[36,150827,150828],{},"creates a tuple object",[36,150830,150831],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[36,150833,150834],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[24,150836,150837,150838,150840,150841,425],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[419,150839,148990],{"href":148989}," or the full guide to ",[419,150842,147686],{"href":147685},[70,150844,2038],{"id":2037},[24,150846,26363],{},[75,150848,150850],{"className":77,"code":150849,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150851,150852,150858],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150853,150854,150856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150855,48821],{"class":139},[84,150857,8520],{"class":102},[84,150859,150860,150862,150864,150866],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150861,48821],{"class":139},[84,150863,103],{"class":102},[84,150865,3595],{"class":121},[84,150867,110],{"class":102},[24,150869,11338],{},[33,150871,150872,150875],{},[36,150873,150874],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[36,150876,150877,150878],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[33,150879,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888],{},[36,150881,5174],{},[36,150883,5183],{},[36,150885,62862],{},[36,150887,5180],{},[36,150889,7126],{},[24,150891,150892],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[70,150894,149363],{"id":149362},[24,150896,29526,150897,150899],{},[15,150898,37916],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[75,150901,150903],{"className":77,"code":150902,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150904,150905,150915,150919,150929],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150906,150907,150909,150911,150913],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150908,124550],{"class":90},[84,150910,95],{"class":94},[84,150912,149052],{"class":139},[84,150914,8520],{"class":102},[84,150916,150917],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150918,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,150920,150921,150923,150925,150927],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,150922,116],{"class":98},[84,150924,103],{"class":102},[84,150926,124601],{"class":121},[84,150928,110],{"class":102},[84,150930,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939,150941],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,150932,116],{"class":98},[84,150934,103],{"class":102},[84,150936,334],{"class":139},[84,150938,103],{"class":102},[84,150940,124601],{"class":121},[84,150942,232],{"class":102},[24,150944,265],{},[75,150946,150947],{"className":77,"code":149408,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,150948,150949,150953],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150950,150951],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150952,8520],{"class":102},[84,150954,150955,150957,150959,150961,150963,150965],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,150956,380],{"class":94},[84,150958,384],{"class":383},[84,150960,388],{"class":387},[84,150962,48821],{"class":391},[84,150964,394],{"class":387},[84,150966,397],{"class":94},[24,150968,150969],{},"This is equivalent to:",[75,150971,150973],{"className":77,"code":150972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty = ()\n",[15,150974,150975],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150976,150977,150979,150981],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150978,124550],{"class":90},[84,150980,95],{"class":94},[84,150982,149028],{"class":102},[70,150984,150986],{"id":150985},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1667,150988,150990],{"id":150989},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[24,150992,150993],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[75,150995,150997],{"className":77,"code":150996,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150998,150999,151019,151033,151037],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151000,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151002,91],{"class":90},[84,151004,95],{"class":94},[84,151006,3498],{"class":102},[84,151008,2212],{"class":106},[84,151010,282],{"class":102},[84,151012,7667],{"class":106},[84,151014,282],{"class":102},[84,151016,7672],{"class":106},[84,151018,317],{"class":102},[84,151020,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151022,2110],{"class":90},[84,151024,95],{"class":94},[84,151026,149052],{"class":139},[84,151028,103],{"class":102},[84,151030,122],{"class":121},[84,151032,110],{"class":102},[84,151034,151035],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,151036,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,151038,151039,151041,151043,151045],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,151040,116],{"class":98},[84,151042,103],{"class":102},[84,151044,2145],{"class":121},[84,151046,110],{"class":102},[24,151048,265],{},[75,151050,151052],{"className":77,"code":151051,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151053,151054],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151055,151056,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151057,103],{"class":102},[84,151059,2212],{"class":106},[84,151061,282],{"class":102},[84,151063,7667],{"class":106},[84,151065,282],{"class":102},[84,151067,7672],{"class":106},[84,151069,110],{"class":102},[24,151071,151072,151073,425],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[419,151074,104750],{"href":59922},[1667,151076,151078],{"id":151077},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[24,151080,151081],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[75,151083,151085],{"className":77,"code":151084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151086,151087,151099,151113,151117],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151088,151089,151091,151093,151095,151097],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151090,34565],{"class":90},[84,151092,95],{"class":94},[84,151094,3230],{"class":387},[84,151096,36919],{"class":391},[84,151098,3236],{"class":387},[84,151100,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151102,2110],{"class":90},[84,151104,95],{"class":94},[84,151106,149052],{"class":139},[84,151108,103],{"class":102},[84,151110,34586],{"class":121},[84,151112,110],{"class":102},[84,151114,151115],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,151116,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,151118,151119,151121,151123,151125],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,151120,116],{"class":98},[84,151122,103],{"class":102},[84,151124,2145],{"class":121},[84,151126,110],{"class":102},[24,151128,265],{},[75,151130,151132],{"className":77,"code":151131,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151133,151134],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151137,103],{"class":102},[84,151139,394],{"class":387},[84,151141,9619],{"class":391},[84,151143,394],{"class":387},[84,151145,282],{"class":102},[84,151147,388],{"class":387},[84,151149,419],{"class":391},[84,151151,394],{"class":387},[84,151153,282],{"class":102},[84,151155,388],{"class":387},[84,151157,63152],{"class":391},[84,151159,394],{"class":387},[84,151161,110],{"class":102},[24,151163,151164,151165,13937,151168,151170,151171,425],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151166,151167],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[42,151169,1367],{}," create ",[15,151172,151173],{},"('cat',)",[1667,151175,151177],{"id":151176},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[24,151179,151180,151182,151183,151185],{},[15,151181,17],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151184,37916],{}," collects them all.",[75,151187,151189],{"className":77,"code":151188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151190,151191,151209,151213],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151192,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151194,2110],{"class":90},[84,151196,95],{"class":94},[84,151198,149052],{"class":139},[84,151200,103],{"class":102},[84,151202,225],{"class":98},[84,151204,103],{"class":102},[84,151206,107],{"class":106},[84,151208,232],{"class":102},[84,151210,151211],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151212,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,151214,151215,151217,151219,151221],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,151216,116],{"class":98},[84,151218,103],{"class":102},[84,151220,2145],{"class":121},[84,151222,110],{"class":102},[24,151224,265],{},[75,151226,151228],{"className":77,"code":151227,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151229,151230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151231,151232,151234,151236,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151233,103],{"class":102},[84,151235,279],{"class":106},[84,151237,282],{"class":102},[84,151239,299],{"class":106},[84,151241,282],{"class":102},[84,151243,304],{"class":106},[84,151245,282],{"class":102},[84,151247,309],{"class":106},[84,151249,282],{"class":102},[84,151251,314],{"class":106},[84,151253,110],{"class":102},[1667,151255,151257],{"id":151256},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[24,151259,151260],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[75,151262,151264],{"className":77,"code":151263,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151265,151266,151286,151300,151304],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151267,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278,151280,151282,151284],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151269,3698],{"class":90},[84,151271,95],{"class":94},[84,151273,10371],{"class":102},[84,151275,838],{"class":106},[84,151277,282],{"class":102},[84,151279,304],{"class":106},[84,151281,282],{"class":102},[84,151283,309],{"class":106},[84,151285,9188],{"class":102},[84,151287,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296,151298],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151289,2110],{"class":90},[84,151291,95],{"class":94},[84,151293,149052],{"class":139},[84,151295,103],{"class":102},[84,151297,5233],{"class":121},[84,151299,110],{"class":102},[84,151301,151302],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,151303,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,151305,151306,151308,151310,151312],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,151307,116],{"class":98},[84,151309,103],{"class":102},[84,151311,2145],{"class":121},[84,151313,110],{"class":102},[24,151315,265],{},[75,151317,151318],{"className":77,"code":149265,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,151319,151320],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151321,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151323,103],{"class":102},[84,151325,838],{"class":106},[84,151327,282],{"class":102},[84,151329,304],{"class":106},[84,151331,282],{"class":102},[84,151333,309],{"class":106},[84,151335,110],{"class":102},[24,151337,151338,151339,425],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[419,151340,151342],{"href":151341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1667,151344,151346],{"id":151345},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[24,151348,63405,151349,151351],{},[15,151350,37916],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[75,151353,151355],{"className":77,"code":151354,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151356,151357,151393,151407,151411],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151358,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151360,13088],{"class":90},[84,151362,95],{"class":94},[84,151364,10371],{"class":102},[84,151366,854],{"class":387},[84,151368,7544],{"class":391},[84,151370,854],{"class":387},[84,151372,881],{"class":102},[84,151374,3230],{"class":387},[84,151376,12763],{"class":391},[84,151378,854],{"class":387},[84,151380,282],{"class":102},[84,151382,3230],{"class":387},[84,151384,9178],{"class":391},[84,151386,854],{"class":387},[84,151388,881],{"class":102},[84,151390,9185],{"class":106},[84,151392,9188],{"class":102},[84,151394,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151396,2110],{"class":90},[84,151398,95],{"class":94},[84,151400,149052],{"class":139},[84,151402,103],{"class":102},[84,151404,17189],{"class":121},[84,151406,110],{"class":102},[84,151408,151409],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,151410,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,151412,151413,151415,151417,151419],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,151414,116],{"class":98},[84,151416,103],{"class":102},[84,151418,2145],{"class":121},[84,151420,110],{"class":102},[24,151422,29905],{},[75,151424,151426],{"className":77,"code":151425,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151427,151428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151429,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151431,103],{"class":102},[84,151433,394],{"class":387},[84,151435,7544],{"class":391},[84,151437,394],{"class":387},[84,151439,282],{"class":102},[84,151441,388],{"class":387},[84,151443,9178],{"class":391},[84,151445,394],{"class":387},[84,151447,110],{"class":102},[70,151449,151451],{"id":151450},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[24,151453,151454],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[24,151456,151457,151460],{},[15,151458,151459],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[75,151462,151464],{"className":77,"code":151463,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151465,151466,151502,151506,151520],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151467,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151469,13088],{"class":90},[84,151471,95],{"class":94},[84,151473,10371],{"class":102},[84,151475,854],{"class":387},[84,151477,7544],{"class":391},[84,151479,854],{"class":387},[84,151481,881],{"class":102},[84,151483,3230],{"class":387},[84,151485,12763],{"class":391},[84,151487,854],{"class":387},[84,151489,282],{"class":102},[84,151491,3230],{"class":387},[84,151493,9178],{"class":391},[84,151495,854],{"class":387},[84,151497,881],{"class":102},[84,151499,9185],{"class":106},[84,151501,9188],{"class":102},[84,151503,151504],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151505,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,151507,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,151509,116],{"class":98},[84,151511,103],{"class":102},[84,151513,48821],{"class":139},[84,151515,103],{"class":102},[84,151517,17189],{"class":121},[84,151519,232],{"class":102},[84,151521,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,151523,116],{"class":98},[84,151525,103],{"class":102},[84,151527,48821],{"class":139},[84,151529,103],{"class":102},[84,151531,17189],{"class":121},[84,151533,425],{"class":102},[84,151535,7687],{"class":121},[84,151537,6162],{"class":102},[24,151539,265],{},[75,151541,151543],{"className":77,"code":151542,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151544,151545,151565],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151546,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151548,103],{"class":102},[84,151550,394],{"class":387},[84,151552,7544],{"class":391},[84,151554,394],{"class":387},[84,151556,282],{"class":102},[84,151558,388],{"class":387},[84,151560,9178],{"class":391},[84,151562,394],{"class":387},[84,151564,110],{"class":102},[84,151566,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151568,5384],{"class":102},[84,151570,394],{"class":387},[84,151572,7544],{"class":391},[84,151574,394],{"class":387},[84,151576,282],{"class":102},[84,151578,388],{"class":387},[84,151580,12763],{"class":391},[84,151582,394],{"class":387},[84,151584,9112],{"class":102},[84,151586,9115],{"class":102},[84,151588,394],{"class":387},[84,151590,9178],{"class":391},[84,151592,394],{"class":387},[84,151594,282],{"class":102},[84,151596,9185],{"class":106},[84,151598,232],{"class":102},[24,151600,18578],{},[33,151602,151603,151608],{},[36,151604,151605,151607],{},[15,151606,151459],{}," for keys",[36,151609,151610,32434],{},[15,151611,151612],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[24,151614,151615,151616,425],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[419,151617,63415],{"href":63414},[70,151619,151621],{"id":151620},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[24,151623,151624,18202],{},[15,151625,37916],{},[33,151627,151628,151631,151634,151637],{},[36,151629,151630],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[36,151632,151633],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[36,151635,151636],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[36,151638,151639],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[24,151641,190],{},[75,151643,151645],{"className":77,"code":151644,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151646,151647,151666],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151648,151649,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151650,151651],{"class":90},"coordinates ",[84,151653,95],{"class":94},[84,151655,149052],{"class":139},[84,151657,2865],{"class":102},[84,151659,2386],{"class":106},[84,151661,282],{"class":102},[84,151663,5867],{"class":106},[84,151665,741],{"class":102},[84,151667,151668,151670,151672,151675],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151669,116],{"class":98},[84,151671,103],{"class":102},[84,151673,151674],{"class":121},"coordinates",[84,151676,110],{"class":102},[24,151678,265],{},[75,151680,151682],{"className":77,"code":151681,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151683,151684],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151685,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151687,103],{"class":102},[84,151689,2386],{"class":106},[84,151691,282],{"class":102},[84,151693,5867],{"class":106},[84,151695,110],{"class":102},[24,151697,151698],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[33,151700,151701,151703,151706,151709],{},[36,151702,151674],{},[36,151704,151705],{},"RGB colors",[36,151707,151708],{},"dates",[36,151710,151711],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[70,151713,151715],{"id":151714},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[24,151717,44301,151718,799],{},[15,151719,37916],{},[33,151721,151722,151725,151728],{},[36,151723,151724],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[36,151726,151727],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[36,151729,151730],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[24,151732,116177,151733,151735],{},[42,151734,1367],{}," work:",[75,151737,151739],{"className":77,"code":151738,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151740,151741],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151742,151743,151745,151747,151749],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151744,48821],{"class":139},[84,151746,103],{"class":102},[84,151748,107],{"class":106},[84,151750,110],{"class":102},[24,151752,151753],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[24,151755,151756],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[70,151758,115015],{"id":115014},[24,151760,151761],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1667,151763,151765],{"id":151764},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[24,151767,2717],{},[75,151769,151770],{"className":77,"code":151738,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,151771,151772],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151773,151774,151776,151778,151780],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151775,48821],{"class":139},[84,151777,103],{"class":102},[84,151779,107],{"class":106},[84,151781,110],{"class":102},[24,151783,29557],{},[75,151785,151786],{"className":77,"code":63519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,151787,151788],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151789,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151791,2884],{"class":139},[84,151793,881],{"class":102},[84,151795,388],{"class":387},[84,151797,2070],{"class":391},[84,151799,394],{"class":387},[84,151801,1247],{"class":139},[84,151803,7973],{"class":94},[84,151805,7976],{"class":94},[84,151807,63542],{"class":90},[24,151809,151810,151811,425],{},"If you see this, read ",[419,151812,62156],{"href":52469},[1667,151814,151816],{"id":151815},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[24,151818,151819],{},"This code:",[75,151821,151823],{"className":77,"code":151822,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151824,151825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151826,151827,151829,151831,151833,151835,151837],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151828,48821],{"class":139},[84,151830,103],{"class":102},[84,151832,854],{"class":387},[84,151834,3721],{"class":391},[84,151836,854],{"class":387},[84,151838,110],{"class":102},[24,151840,151841],{},"returns:",[75,151843,151845],{"className":77,"code":151844,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151846,151847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151848,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151850,103],{"class":102},[84,151852,394],{"class":387},[84,151854,60305],{"class":391},[84,151856,394],{"class":387},[84,151858,282],{"class":102},[84,151860,388],{"class":387},[84,151862,60314],{"class":391},[84,151864,394],{"class":387},[84,151866,282],{"class":102},[84,151868,388],{"class":387},[84,151870,60323],{"class":391},[84,151872,394],{"class":387},[84,151874,282],{"class":102},[84,151876,388],{"class":387},[84,151878,60323],{"class":391},[84,151880,394],{"class":387},[84,151882,282],{"class":102},[84,151884,388],{"class":387},[84,151886,60340],{"class":391},[84,151888,394],{"class":387},[84,151890,110],{"class":102},[24,151892,40777,151893,151895],{},[42,151894,1367],{}," return:",[75,151897,151899],{"className":77,"code":151898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('hello',)\n",[15,151900,151901],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151902,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151904,103],{"class":102},[84,151906,394],{"class":387},[84,151908,3721],{"class":391},[84,151910,394],{"class":387},[84,151912,149042],{"class":102},[24,151914,151915],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[75,151917,151919],{"className":77,"code":151918,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151920,151921,151938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151922,151923,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151924,151925],{"class":90},"single ",[84,151927,95],{"class":94},[84,151929,9115],{"class":102},[84,151931,854],{"class":387},[84,151933,3721],{"class":391},[84,151935,854],{"class":387},[84,151937,149042],{"class":102},[84,151939,151940,151942,151944,151947],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151941,116],{"class":98},[84,151943,103],{"class":102},[84,151945,151946],{"class":121},"single",[84,151948,110],{"class":102},[1667,151950,151952],{"id":151951},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[24,151954,151819],{},[75,151956,151958],{"className":77,"code":151957,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151959,151960,151992],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151961,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151963,9044],{"class":90},[84,151965,95],{"class":94},[84,151967,10371],{"class":102},[84,151969,854],{"class":387},[84,151971,419],{"class":391},[84,151973,854],{"class":387},[84,151975,881],{"class":102},[84,151977,299],{"class":106},[84,151979,282],{"class":102},[84,151981,3230],{"class":387},[84,151983,4634],{"class":391},[84,151985,854],{"class":387},[84,151987,881],{"class":102},[84,151989,304],{"class":106},[84,151991,9188],{"class":102},[84,151993,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,151995,116],{"class":98},[84,151997,103],{"class":102},[84,151999,48821],{"class":139},[84,152001,103],{"class":102},[84,152003,9083],{"class":121},[84,152005,232],{"class":102},[24,152007,152008],{},"returns only the keys:",[75,152010,152012],{"className":77,"code":152011,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152013,152014],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152015,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152017,103],{"class":102},[84,152019,394],{"class":387},[84,152021,419],{"class":391},[84,152023,394],{"class":387},[84,152025,282],{"class":102},[84,152027,388],{"class":387},[84,152029,4634],{"class":391},[84,152031,394],{"class":387},[84,152033,110],{"class":102},[24,152035,152036],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[75,152038,152040],{"className":77,"code":152039,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152041,152042],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152043,152044,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152045,116],{"class":98},[84,152047,103],{"class":102},[84,152049,48821],{"class":139},[84,152051,103],{"class":102},[84,152053,9083],{"class":121},[84,152055,425],{"class":102},[84,152057,7687],{"class":121},[84,152059,6162],{"class":102},[1667,152061,152063],{"id":152062},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[24,152065,152066,152067,152069],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152068,37916],{}," conversion.",[24,152071,5346],{},[75,152073,152075],{"className":77,"code":152074,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152076,152077,152097],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152078,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152080,2329],{"class":90},[84,152082,95],{"class":94},[84,152084,9115],{"class":102},[84,152086,838],{"class":106},[84,152088,282],{"class":102},[84,152090,304],{"class":106},[84,152092,282],{"class":102},[84,152094,309],{"class":106},[84,152096,110],{"class":102},[84,152098,152099,152101,152103,152105],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,152100,116],{"class":98},[84,152102,103],{"class":102},[84,152104,2354],{"class":121},[84,152106,110],{"class":102},[24,152108,152109],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[24,152111,25384,152112,152114],{},[15,152113,37916],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[70,152116,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,152118,152120],{"id":152119},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[24,152122,152123],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1667,152125,152127],{"id":152126},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[24,152129,152130,152131,425],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152132,7241],{},[1667,152134,152136],{"id":152135},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[24,152138,152139],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1667,152141,152143],{"id":152142},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[24,152145,152146],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1667,152148,152150],{"id":152149},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[24,152152,152153,152154,425],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152155,2884],{},[70,152157,1777],{"id":1776},[33,152159,152160,152164,152168,152172,152176,152180],{},[36,152161,152162],{},[419,152163,147686],{"href":147685},[36,152165,152166],{},[419,152167,150613],{"href":148989},[36,152169,152170],{},[419,152171,104750],{"href":59922},[36,152173,152174],{},[419,152175,151342],{"href":151341},[36,152177,152178],{},[419,152179,63415],{"href":63414},[36,152181,152182],{},[419,152183,62156],{"href":52469},[1814,152185,152186],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":152188},[152189,152190,152191,152192,152193,152200,152201,152202,152203,152209,152216],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":150816,"depth":113,"text":150817},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":149362,"depth":113,"text":149363},{"id":150985,"depth":113,"text":150986,"children":152194},[152195,152196,152197,152198,152199],{"id":150989,"depth":132,"text":150990},{"id":151077,"depth":132,"text":151078},{"id":151176,"depth":132,"text":151177},{"id":151256,"depth":132,"text":151257},{"id":151345,"depth":132,"text":151346},{"id":151450,"depth":113,"text":151451},{"id":151620,"depth":113,"text":151621},{"id":151714,"depth":113,"text":151715},{"id":115014,"depth":113,"text":115015,"children":152204},[152205,152206,152207,152208],{"id":151764,"depth":132,"text":151765},{"id":151815,"depth":132,"text":151816},{"id":151951,"depth":132,"text":151952},{"id":152062,"depth":132,"text":152063},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":152210},[152211,152212,152213,152214,152215],{"id":152119,"depth":132,"text":152120},{"id":152126,"depth":132,"text":152127},{"id":152135,"depth":132,"text":152136},{"id":152142,"depth":132,"text":152143},{"id":152149,"depth":132,"text":152150},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150671,"description":152217},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152224,"title":152225,"body":152226,"description":153639,"extension":1845,"meta":153640,"navigation":237,"path":153641,"seo":153642,"stem":153643,"__hash__":153644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152227,"toc":153611},[152228,152233,152238,152241,152243,152322,152328,152333,152337,152352,152354,152401,152403,152411,152419,152425,152427,152432,152452,152455,152482,152484,152508,152510,152652,152654,152658,152666,152669,152671,152748,152750,152758,152762,152766,152776,152786,152788,152793,152795,152854,152859,152861,152961,152963,152977,152982,152988,152995,152998,153000,153110,153114,153131,153133,153196,153198,153206,153218,153222,153227,153255,153258,153340,153342,153353,153355,153359,153386,153388,153390,153470,153478,153480,153535,153537,153542,153545,153549,153553,153555,153559,153563,153571,153578,153581,153583,153608],[10,152229,147570,152231,11201],{"id":152230},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152232,58836],{},[24,152234,152235,152237],{},[15,152236,148891],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[24,152239,152240],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[70,152242,1887],{"id":1886},[75,152244,152246],{"className":77,"code":152245,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152247,152248,152288,152310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152249,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152251,12959],{"class":90},[84,152253,95],{"class":94},[84,152255,9115],{"class":102},[84,152257,854],{"class":387},[84,152259,12976],{"class":391},[84,152261,854],{"class":387},[84,152263,282],{"class":102},[84,152265,3230],{"class":387},[84,152267,12993],{"class":391},[84,152269,854],{"class":387},[84,152271,282],{"class":102},[84,152273,3230],{"class":387},[84,152275,17338],{"class":391},[84,152277,854],{"class":387},[84,152279,282],{"class":102},[84,152281,3230],{"class":387},[84,152283,12993],{"class":391},[84,152285,854],{"class":387},[84,152287,110],{"class":102},[84,152289,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,152291,64783],{"class":90},[84,152293,95],{"class":94},[84,152295,13007],{"class":90},[84,152297,425],{"class":102},[84,152299,35722],{"class":121},[84,152301,103],{"class":102},[84,152303,854],{"class":387},[84,152305,12993],{"class":391},[84,152307,854],{"class":387},[84,152309,110],{"class":102},[84,152311,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,152313,116],{"class":98},[84,152315,103],{"class":102},[84,152317,64810],{"class":121},[84,152319,125],{"class":102},[84,152321,27656],{"class":128},[24,152323,152324,152327],{},[15,152325,152326],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[70,152329,429,152331,3554],{"id":152330},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152332,148891],{},[24,152334,1862,152335,11292],{},[15,152336,58836],{},[33,152338,152339,152342,152344,152347],{},[36,152340,152341],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[36,152343,128168],{},[36,152345,152346],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[36,152348,152349,152350],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152351,279],{},[24,152353,190],{},[75,152355,152357],{"className":77,"code":152356,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152358,152359,152383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152360,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152362,91],{"class":90},[84,152364,95],{"class":94},[84,152366,9115],{"class":102},[84,152368,2212],{"class":106},[84,152370,282],{"class":102},[84,152372,7667],{"class":106},[84,152374,282],{"class":102},[84,152376,7672],{"class":106},[84,152378,282],{"class":102},[84,152380,7667],{"class":106},[84,152382,110],{"class":102},[84,152384,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,152386,116],{"class":98},[84,152388,103],{"class":102},[84,152390,122],{"class":121},[84,152392,425],{"class":102},[84,152394,35722],{"class":121},[84,152396,103],{"class":102},[84,152398,15636],{"class":106},[84,152400,232],{"class":102},[24,152402,265],{},[75,152404,152405],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,152406,152407],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152408,152409],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152410,514],{"class":106},[24,152412,20861,152413,152415,152416,152418],{},[15,152414,15636],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152417,58836],{}," returns only the first match.",[24,152420,150837,152421,425],{},[419,152422,152424],{"href":152423},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[70,152426,2038],{"id":2037},[24,152428,7639,152429,152431],{},[15,152430,58836],{}," in two ways:",[75,152433,152435],{"className":77,"code":152434,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152436,152437],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152438,152439,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152440,152441],{"class":90},"tuple_name",[84,152443,425],{"class":102},[84,152445,35722],{"class":121},[84,152447,103],{"class":102},[84,152449,2354],{"class":121},[84,152451,110],{"class":102},[24,152453,152454],{},"or:",[75,152456,152458],{"className":77,"code":152457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152459,152460],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152461,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152463,152441],{"class":90},[84,152465,425],{"class":102},[84,152467,35722],{"class":121},[84,152469,103],{"class":102},[84,152471,2354],{"class":121},[84,152473,282],{"class":102},[84,152475,35928],{"class":121},[84,152477,282],{"class":102},[84,152479,64904],{"class":121},[84,152481,110],{"class":102},[1667,152483,17277],{"id":17276},[33,152485,152486,152491,152496,152501],{},[36,152487,152488,152490],{},[15,152489,2354],{}," — the item to search for",[36,152492,152493,152495],{},[15,152494,35949],{}," — optional starting position",[36,152497,152498,152500],{},[15,152499,52529],{}," — optional ending position",[36,152502,152503,4657,152505,152507],{},[15,152504,52529],{},[42,152506,64933],{}," in the search",[24,152509,190],{},[75,152511,152513],{"className":77,"code":152512,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152514,152515,152563,152567,152592,152620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152516,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152518,35967],{"class":90},[84,152520,95],{"class":94},[84,152522,9115],{"class":102},[84,152524,854],{"class":387},[84,152526,419],{"class":391},[84,152528,854],{"class":387},[84,152530,282],{"class":102},[84,152532,3230],{"class":387},[84,152534,4634],{"class":391},[84,152536,854],{"class":387},[84,152538,282],{"class":102},[84,152540,3230],{"class":387},[84,152542,9619],{"class":391},[84,152544,854],{"class":387},[84,152546,282],{"class":102},[84,152548,3230],{"class":387},[84,152550,4634],{"class":391},[84,152552,854],{"class":387},[84,152554,282],{"class":102},[84,152556,3230],{"class":387},[84,152558,18651],{"class":391},[84,152560,854],{"class":387},[84,152562,110],{"class":102},[84,152564,152565],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,152566,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,152568,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,152570,116],{"class":98},[84,152572,103],{"class":102},[84,152574,36019],{"class":121},[84,152576,425],{"class":102},[84,152578,35722],{"class":121},[84,152580,103],{"class":102},[84,152582,854],{"class":387},[84,152584,4634],{"class":391},[84,152586,854],{"class":387},[84,152588,147],{"class":102},[84,152590,152591],{"class":128},"        # 1\n",[84,152593,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,152595,116],{"class":98},[84,152597,103],{"class":102},[84,152599,36019],{"class":121},[84,152601,425],{"class":102},[84,152603,35722],{"class":121},[84,152605,103],{"class":102},[84,152607,854],{"class":387},[84,152609,4634],{"class":391},[84,152611,854],{"class":387},[84,152613,282],{"class":102},[84,152615,304],{"class":106},[84,152617,147],{"class":102},[84,152619,50787],{"class":128},[84,152621,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,152623,116],{"class":98},[84,152625,103],{"class":102},[84,152627,36019],{"class":121},[84,152629,425],{"class":102},[84,152631,35722],{"class":121},[84,152633,103],{"class":102},[84,152635,854],{"class":387},[84,152637,4634],{"class":391},[84,152639,854],{"class":387},[84,152641,282],{"class":102},[84,152643,299],{"class":106},[84,152645,282],{"class":102},[84,152647,309],{"class":106},[84,152649,147],{"class":102},[84,152651,27656],{"class":128},[70,152653,103077],{"id":103076},[24,152655,152656,25387],{},[15,152657,148891],{},[33,152659,152660,152663],{},[36,152661,152662],{},"An integer",[36,152664,152665],{},"The position of the first matching item",[24,152667,152668],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[24,152670,190],{},[75,152672,152674],{"className":77,"code":152673,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152675,152676,152716,152738],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152677,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152679,108176],{"class":90},[84,152681,95],{"class":94},[84,152683,9115],{"class":102},[84,152685,854],{"class":387},[84,152687,36919],{"class":391},[84,152689,854],{"class":387},[84,152691,282],{"class":102},[84,152693,3230],{"class":387},[84,152695,57995],{"class":391},[84,152697,854],{"class":387},[84,152699,282],{"class":102},[84,152701,3230],{"class":387},[84,152703,58012],{"class":391},[84,152705,854],{"class":387},[84,152707,282],{"class":102},[84,152709,3230],{"class":387},[84,152711,57995],{"class":391},[84,152713,854],{"class":387},[84,152715,110],{"class":102},[84,152717,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,152719,2110],{"class":90},[84,152721,95],{"class":94},[84,152723,108219],{"class":90},[84,152725,425],{"class":102},[84,152727,35722],{"class":121},[84,152729,103],{"class":102},[84,152731,854],{"class":387},[84,152733,57995],{"class":391},[84,152735,854],{"class":387},[84,152737,110],{"class":102},[84,152739,152740,152742,152744,152746],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,152741,116],{"class":98},[84,152743,103],{"class":102},[84,152745,2145],{"class":121},[84,152747,110],{"class":102},[24,152749,265],{},[75,152751,152752],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,152753,152754],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152755,152756],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152757,514],{"class":106},[70,152759,152761],{"id":152760},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[24,152763,153,152764,799],{},[15,152765,148891],{},[33,152767,152768,152770,152773],{},[36,152769,65962],{},[36,152771,152772],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[36,152774,152775],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[24,152777,152778,152779,152782,152783,425],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152780,152781],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[419,152784,149359],{"href":152785},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[70,152787,65494],{"id":65493},[24,152789,152790,152791,425],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152792,40575],{},[24,152794,190],{},[75,152796,152798],{"className":77,"code":152797,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152799,152800,152832],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152801,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152803,12959],{"class":90},[84,152805,95],{"class":94},[84,152807,9115],{"class":102},[84,152809,854],{"class":387},[84,152811,12976],{"class":391},[84,152813,854],{"class":387},[84,152815,282],{"class":102},[84,152817,3230],{"class":387},[84,152819,12993],{"class":391},[84,152821,854],{"class":387},[84,152823,282],{"class":102},[84,152825,3230],{"class":387},[84,152827,17338],{"class":391},[84,152829,854],{"class":387},[84,152831,110],{"class":102},[84,152833,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,152835,116],{"class":98},[84,152837,103],{"class":102},[84,152839,17385],{"class":121},[84,152841,425],{"class":102},[84,152843,35722],{"class":121},[84,152845,103],{"class":102},[84,152847,854],{"class":387},[84,152849,22405],{"class":391},[84,152851,854],{"class":387},[84,152853,232],{"class":102},[24,152855,39524,152856,152858],{},[15,152857,109501],{}," is not in the tuple.",[24,152860,65569],{},[75,152862,152864],{"className":77,"code":152863,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152865,152866,152898,152902,152918,152940,152946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152867,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152869,12959],{"class":90},[84,152871,95],{"class":94},[84,152873,9115],{"class":102},[84,152875,854],{"class":387},[84,152877,12976],{"class":391},[84,152879,854],{"class":387},[84,152881,282],{"class":102},[84,152883,3230],{"class":387},[84,152885,12993],{"class":391},[84,152887,854],{"class":387},[84,152889,282],{"class":102},[84,152891,3230],{"class":387},[84,152893,17338],{"class":391},[84,152895,854],{"class":387},[84,152897,110],{"class":102},[84,152899,152900],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,152901,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,152903,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,152905,6872],{"class":470},[84,152907,3230],{"class":387},[84,152909,22405],{"class":391},[84,152911,854],{"class":387},[84,152913,620],{"class":94},[84,152915,13007],{"class":90},[84,152917,6266],{"class":102},[84,152919,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,152921,490],{"class":98},[84,152923,103],{"class":102},[84,152925,17385],{"class":121},[84,152927,425],{"class":102},[84,152929,35722],{"class":121},[84,152931,103],{"class":102},[84,152933,854],{"class":387},[84,152935,22405],{"class":391},[84,152937,854],{"class":387},[84,152939,232],{"class":102},[84,152941,152942,152944],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,152943,27310],{"class":470},[84,152945,6266],{"class":102},[84,152947,152948,152950,152952,152954,152957,152959],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,152949,490],{"class":98},[84,152951,103],{"class":102},[84,152953,854],{"class":387},[84,152955,152956],{"class":391},"Value not found",[84,152958,854],{"class":387},[84,152960,110],{"class":102},[24,152962,265],{},[75,152964,152966],{"className":77,"code":152965,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Value not found\n",[15,152967,152968],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152969,152970,152973,152975],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152971,152972],{"class":90},"Value ",[84,152974,1367],{"class":94},[84,152976,65693],{"class":90},[24,152978,152979,152980,425],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[419,152981,65703],{"href":65702},[70,152983,1442,152984,28,152986],{"id":65270},[15,152985,35949],{},[15,152987,52529],{},[24,152989,1862,152990,28,152992,152994],{},[15,152991,35949],{},[15,152993,52529],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[24,152996,152997],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[24,152999,190],{},[75,153001,153003],{"className":77,"code":153002,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153004,153005,153033,153037,153058,153082],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153006,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153008,3698],{"class":90},[84,153010,95],{"class":94},[84,153012,9115],{"class":102},[84,153014,107],{"class":106},[84,153016,282],{"class":102},[84,153018,573],{"class":106},[84,153020,282],{"class":102},[84,153022,285],{"class":106},[84,153024,282],{"class":102},[84,153026,7667],{"class":106},[84,153028,282],{"class":102},[84,153030,285],{"class":106},[84,153032,110],{"class":102},[84,153034,153035],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153036,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,153038,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153040,116],{"class":98},[84,153042,103],{"class":102},[84,153044,5233],{"class":121},[84,153046,425],{"class":102},[84,153048,35722],{"class":121},[84,153050,103],{"class":102},[84,153052,107],{"class":106},[84,153054,147],{"class":102},[84,153056,153057],{"class":128},"        # 0\n",[84,153059,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,153061,116],{"class":98},[84,153063,103],{"class":102},[84,153065,5233],{"class":121},[84,153067,425],{"class":102},[84,153069,35722],{"class":121},[84,153071,103],{"class":102},[84,153073,107],{"class":106},[84,153075,282],{"class":102},[84,153077,299],{"class":106},[84,153079,147],{"class":102},[84,153081,50821],{"class":128},[84,153083,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,153085,116],{"class":98},[84,153087,103],{"class":102},[84,153089,5233],{"class":121},[84,153091,425],{"class":102},[84,153093,35722],{"class":121},[84,153095,103],{"class":102},[84,153097,107],{"class":106},[84,153099,282],{"class":102},[84,153101,309],{"class":106},[84,153103,282],{"class":102},[84,153105,285],{"class":106},[84,153107,147],{"class":102},[84,153109,50804],{"class":128},[1667,153111,153113],{"id":153112},"how-it-works","How it works",[33,153115,153116,153121,153126],{},[36,153117,153118,153120],{},[15,153119,35949],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[36,153122,153123,153125],{},[15,153124,52529],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[36,153127,1862,153128,153130],{},[15,153129,52529],{}," position itself is not included",[24,153132,190],{},[75,153134,153136],{"className":77,"code":153135,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153137,153138,153166,153170],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153139,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153141,3698],{"class":90},[84,153143,95],{"class":94},[84,153145,9115],{"class":102},[84,153147,107],{"class":106},[84,153149,282],{"class":102},[84,153151,573],{"class":106},[84,153153,282],{"class":102},[84,153155,285],{"class":106},[84,153157,282],{"class":102},[84,153159,7667],{"class":106},[84,153161,282],{"class":102},[84,153163,285],{"class":106},[84,153165,110],{"class":102},[84,153167,153168],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153169,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,153171,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153173,116],{"class":98},[84,153175,103],{"class":102},[84,153177,5233],{"class":121},[84,153179,425],{"class":102},[84,153181,35722],{"class":121},[84,153183,103],{"class":102},[84,153185,107],{"class":106},[84,153187,282],{"class":102},[84,153189,299],{"class":106},[84,153191,282],{"class":102},[84,153193,314],{"class":106},[84,153195,232],{"class":102},[24,153197,265],{},[75,153199,153200],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,153201,153202],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153203,153204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153205,519],{"class":106},[24,153207,153208,153209,1263,153211,16954,153213,153215,153216,425],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153210,838],{},[15,153212,568],{},[15,153214,1162],{},", but not ",[15,153217,2386],{},[70,153219,153221],{"id":153220},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[24,153223,153224,153225,881],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153226,148891],{},[33,153228,153229,153237,153242,153249],{},[36,153230,153231,153232,153234,153235],{},"Do not confuse the ",[42,153233,2354],{}," with the ",[42,153236,35722],{},[36,153238,153239,153240],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153241,279],{},[36,153243,153,153244,153248],{},[419,153245,148917,153246,10620],{"href":148969},[15,153247,57158],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[36,153250,153251,153252,153254],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153253,152781],{}," when you already know the position",[24,153256,153257],{},"Example of value vs index:",[75,153259,153261],{"className":77,"code":153260,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153262,153263,153295,153299,153323],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153264,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153266,36113],{"class":90},[84,153268,95],{"class":94},[84,153270,9115],{"class":102},[84,153272,854],{"class":387},[84,153274,3952],{"class":391},[84,153276,854],{"class":387},[84,153278,282],{"class":102},[84,153280,3230],{"class":387},[84,153282,3961],{"class":391},[84,153284,854],{"class":387},[84,153286,282],{"class":102},[84,153288,3230],{"class":387},[84,153290,33098],{"class":391},[84,153292,854],{"class":387},[84,153294,110],{"class":102},[84,153296,153297],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153298,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,153300,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153302,116],{"class":98},[84,153304,103],{"class":102},[84,153306,36165],{"class":121},[84,153308,425],{"class":102},[84,153310,35722],{"class":121},[84,153312,103],{"class":102},[84,153314,854],{"class":387},[84,153316,3961],{"class":391},[84,153318,854],{"class":387},[84,153320,147],{"class":102},[84,153322,27656],{"class":128},[84,153324,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,153326,116],{"class":98},[84,153328,103],{"class":102},[84,153330,36165],{"class":121},[84,153332,292],{"class":102},[84,153334,838],{"class":106},[84,153336,20330],{"class":102},[84,153338,153339],{"class":128},"               # banana\n",[24,153341,2060],{},[33,153343,153344,153348],{},[36,153345,153346,15130],{},[15,153347,65138],{},[36,153349,153350,153352],{},[15,153351,838],{}," is the index",[70,153354,1434],{"id":1433},[24,153356,105815,153357,881],{},[15,153358,148891],{},[33,153360,153361,153364,153369,153374,153381],{},[36,153362,153363],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[36,153365,8329,153366,153368],{},[15,153367,58836],{}," to return all matching positions",[36,153370,153371,153372],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153373,279],{},[36,153375,153376,153377,28,153379],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153378,35949],{},[15,153380,52529],{},[36,153382,37076,153383,153385],{},[15,153384,148891],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1667,153387,60576],{"id":60575},[24,153389,1466],{},[75,153391,153393],{"className":77,"code":153392,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153394,153395,153405,153419,153434,153452],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153396,153397,153399,153401,153403],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153398,116],{"class":98},[84,153400,103],{"class":102},[84,153402,147704],{"class":121},[84,153404,110],{"class":102},[84,153406,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153408,116],{"class":98},[84,153410,103],{"class":102},[84,153412,602],{"class":98},[84,153414,103],{"class":102},[84,153416,147704],{"class":121},[84,153418,232],{"class":102},[84,153420,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153432],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153422,116],{"class":98},[84,153424,103],{"class":102},[84,153426,2329],{"class":121},[84,153428,476],{"class":470},[84,153430,153431],{"class":121}," my_tuple",[84,153433,110],{"class":102},[84,153435,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,153437,116],{"class":98},[84,153439,103],{"class":102},[84,153441,147704],{"class":121},[84,153443,425],{"class":102},[84,153445,41131],{"class":121},[84,153447,103],{"class":102},[84,153449,2354],{"class":121},[84,153451,232],{"class":102},[84,153453,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,153455,116],{"class":98},[84,153457,103],{"class":102},[84,153459,147704],{"class":121},[84,153461,425],{"class":102},[84,153463,35722],{"class":121},[84,153465,103],{"class":102},[84,153467,2354],{"class":121},[84,153469,232],{"class":102},[24,153471,153472,153473,84259,153475,153477],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153474,40575],{},[15,153476,2354],{}," is missing.",[24,153479,129321],{},[75,153481,153483],{"className":77,"code":153482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153484,153485,153497,153515,153521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153486,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153488,6872],{"class":470},[84,153490,21467],{"class":90},[84,153492,476],{"class":94},[84,153494,153431],{"class":90},[84,153496,6266],{"class":102},[84,153498,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153500,490],{"class":98},[84,153502,103],{"class":102},[84,153504,147704],{"class":121},[84,153506,425],{"class":102},[84,153508,35722],{"class":121},[84,153510,103],{"class":102},[84,153512,2354],{"class":121},[84,153514,232],{"class":102},[84,153516,153517,153519],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153518,27310],{"class":470},[84,153520,6266],{"class":102},[84,153522,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,153524,490],{"class":98},[84,153526,103],{"class":102},[84,153528,854],{"class":387},[84,153530,152956],{"class":391},[84,153532,854],{"class":387},[84,153534,110],{"class":102},[70,153536,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,153538,5016,153540,12598],{"id":153539},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153541,148891],{},[24,153543,153544],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1667,153546,153548],{"id":153547},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[24,153550,153551,152418],{},[15,153552,148891],{},[1667,153554,148870],{"id":148869},[24,153556,76721,153557,425],{},[15,153558,40575],{},[1667,153560,153562],{"id":153561},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[24,153564,153565,153566,28,153568,153570],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153567,35949],{},[15,153569,52529],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1667,153572,1670,153574,57073,153576,1689],{"id":153573},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153575,148891],{},[15,153577,64729],{},[24,153579,153580],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[70,153582,1777],{"id":1776},[33,153584,153585,153591,153595,153600,153604],{},[36,153586,153587],{},[419,153588,148917,153589,10620],{"href":148969},[15,153590,57158],{},[36,153592,153593],{},[419,153594,149359],{"href":152785},[36,153596,153597],{},[419,153598,153599],{"href":150665},"Creating a tuple in Python",[36,153601,153602],{},[419,153603,65703],{"href":65702},[36,153605,153606],{},[419,153607,150613],{"href":152423},[1814,153609,153610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038,"children":153617},[153618],{"id":17276,"depth":132,"text":17277},{"id":103076,"depth":113,"text":103077},{"id":152760,"depth":113,"text":152761},{"id":65493,"depth":113,"text":65494},{"id":65270,"depth":113,"text":66053,"children":153623},[153624],{"id":153112,"depth":132,"text":153113},{"id":153220,"depth":113,"text":153221},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434,"children":153627},[153628],{"id":60575,"depth":132,"text":60576},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":153630},[153631,153633,153634,153635,153636],{"id":153539,"depth":132,"text":153632},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153547,"depth":132,"text":153548},{"id":148869,"depth":132,"text":148870},{"id":153561,"depth":132,"text":153562},{"id":153573,"depth":132,"text":153637},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152225,"description":153639},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153646,"title":153647,"body":153648,"description":155043,"extension":1845,"meta":155044,"navigation":237,"path":152785,"seo":155045,"stem":155046,"__hash__":155047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153649,"toc":155025},[153650,153653,153656,153659,153673,153675,153678,153772,153782,153788,153792,153795,153798,153800,153818,153820,153891,153893,153910,153914,153918,153921,153938,153941,153956,153958,154049,154052,154056,154059,154076,154078,154173,154176,154179,154183,154186,154280,154282,154301,154304,154308,154311,154313,154368,154370,154405,154408,154422,154430,154523,154532,154536,154539,154546,154549,154596,154598,154606,154609,154660,154662,154679,154684,154688,154691,154694,154696,154747,154750,154805,154808,154811,154813,154816,154836,154838,154911,154914,154927,154929,154933,154938,154942,154947,154964,154968,154971,154988,154992,154995,154997,155022],[10,153651,153647],{"id":153652},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[24,153654,153655],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[24,153657,153658],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[33,153660,153661,153664,153667,153670],{},[36,153662,153663],{},"positive indexes",[36,153665,153666],{},"negative indexes",[36,153668,153669],{},"common indexing mistakes",[36,153671,153672],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[70,153674,73],{"id":72},[24,153676,153677],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[75,153679,153681],{"className":77,"code":153680,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153682,153683,153715,153719,153736,153753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153684,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153686,12959],{"class":90},[84,153688,95],{"class":94},[84,153690,9115],{"class":102},[84,153692,854],{"class":387},[84,153694,12976],{"class":391},[84,153696,854],{"class":387},[84,153698,282],{"class":102},[84,153700,3230],{"class":387},[84,153702,17338],{"class":391},[84,153704,854],{"class":387},[84,153706,282],{"class":102},[84,153708,3230],{"class":387},[84,153710,12993],{"class":391},[84,153712,854],{"class":387},[84,153714,110],{"class":102},[84,153716,153717],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153718,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,153720,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153722,116],{"class":98},[84,153724,103],{"class":102},[84,153726,17385],{"class":121},[84,153728,292],{"class":102},[84,153730,279],{"class":106},[84,153732,20330],{"class":102},[84,153734,153735],{"class":128},"   # red\n",[84,153737,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,153739,116],{"class":98},[84,153741,103],{"class":102},[84,153743,17385],{"class":121},[84,153745,292],{"class":102},[84,153747,838],{"class":106},[84,153749,20330],{"class":102},[84,153751,153752],{"class":128},"   # green\n",[84,153754,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,153756,116],{"class":98},[84,153758,103],{"class":102},[84,153760,17385],{"class":121},[84,153762,292],{"class":102},[84,153764,1906],{"class":94},[84,153766,838],{"class":106},[84,153768,20330],{"class":102},[84,153770,153771],{"class":128},"  # blue\n",[33,153773,153774,153779],{},[36,153775,132110,153776,153778],{},[15,153777,279],{}," is the first item.",[36,153780,153781],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[24,153783,153784,153785,425],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[419,153786,153787],{"href":147689},"how to create a tuple in Python",[70,153789,153791],{"id":153790},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[24,153793,153794],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[24,153796,153797],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[24,153799,11338],{},[33,153801,153802,153805,153812,153815],{},[36,153803,153804],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[36,153806,153807,153808,18847,153810],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153809,279],{},[15,153811,838],{},[36,153813,153814],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[36,153816,153817],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[24,153819,190],{},[75,153821,153823],{"className":77,"code":153822,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153824,153825,153845,153849,153863,153877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153826,153827,153829,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153828,91],{"class":90},[84,153830,95],{"class":94},[84,153832,9115],{"class":102},[84,153834,2212],{"class":106},[84,153836,282],{"class":102},[84,153838,7667],{"class":106},[84,153840,282],{"class":102},[84,153842,7672],{"class":106},[84,153844,110],{"class":102},[84,153846,153847],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153848,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,153850,153851,153853,153855,153857,153859,153861],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153852,116],{"class":98},[84,153854,103],{"class":102},[84,153856,122],{"class":121},[84,153858,292],{"class":102},[84,153860,279],{"class":106},[84,153862,741],{"class":102},[84,153864,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,153866,116],{"class":98},[84,153868,103],{"class":102},[84,153870,122],{"class":121},[84,153872,292],{"class":102},[84,153874,838],{"class":106},[84,153876,741],{"class":102},[84,153878,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,153880,116],{"class":98},[84,153882,103],{"class":102},[84,153884,122],{"class":121},[84,153886,292],{"class":102},[84,153888,568],{"class":106},[84,153890,741],{"class":102},[24,153892,265],{},[75,153894,153896],{"className":77,"code":153895,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153897,153898,153902,153906],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153899,153900],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153901,2258],{"class":106},[84,153903,153904],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153905,71087],{"class":106},[84,153907,153908],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,153909,69703],{"class":106},[24,153911,59261,153912,425],{},[419,153913,147686],{"href":147685},[70,153915,153917],{"id":153916},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[24,153919,153920],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[33,153922,153923,153928,153933],{},[36,153924,153925,153927],{},[15,153926,279],{}," = first item",[36,153929,153930,153932],{},[15,153931,838],{}," = second item",[36,153934,153935,153937],{},[15,153936,568],{}," = third item",[24,153939,153940],{},"Pattern:",[75,153942,153944],{"className":77,"code":153943,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153945,153946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153947,153948,153950,153952,153954],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153949,152441],{"class":90},[84,153951,292],{"class":102},[84,153953,35722],{"class":90},[84,153955,317],{"class":102},[24,153957,190],{},[75,153959,153961],{"className":77,"code":153960,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153962,153963,153995,153999,154016,154032],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153964,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153966,36113],{"class":90},[84,153968,95],{"class":94},[84,153970,9115],{"class":102},[84,153972,854],{"class":387},[84,153974,3952],{"class":391},[84,153976,854],{"class":387},[84,153978,282],{"class":102},[84,153980,3230],{"class":387},[84,153982,3961],{"class":391},[84,153984,854],{"class":387},[84,153986,282],{"class":102},[84,153988,3230],{"class":387},[84,153990,3970],{"class":391},[84,153992,854],{"class":387},[84,153994,110],{"class":102},[84,153996,153997],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,153998,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154000,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154002,116],{"class":98},[84,154004,103],{"class":102},[84,154006,36165],{"class":121},[84,154008,292],{"class":102},[84,154010,279],{"class":106},[84,154012,20330],{"class":102},[84,154014,154015],{"class":128},"  # apple\n",[84,154017,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,154019,116],{"class":98},[84,154021,103],{"class":102},[84,154023,36165],{"class":121},[84,154025,292],{"class":102},[84,154027,838],{"class":106},[84,154029,20330],{"class":102},[84,154031,51355],{"class":128},[84,154033,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,154035,116],{"class":98},[84,154037,103],{"class":102},[84,154039,36165],{"class":121},[84,154041,292],{"class":102},[84,154043,568],{"class":106},[84,154045,20330],{"class":102},[84,154047,154048],{"class":128},"  # cherry\n",[24,154050,154051],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[70,154053,154055],{"id":154054},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[24,154057,154058],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[33,154060,154061,154066,154071],{},[36,154062,154063,154065],{},[15,154064,65718],{}," = last item",[36,154067,154068,154070],{},[15,154069,95107],{}," = second-to-last item",[36,154072,154073,154075],{},[15,154074,47539],{}," = third-to-last item",[24,154077,190],{},[75,154079,154081],{"className":77,"code":154080,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154082,154083,154115,154119,154137,154155],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154084,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154086,36113],{"class":90},[84,154088,95],{"class":94},[84,154090,9115],{"class":102},[84,154092,854],{"class":387},[84,154094,3952],{"class":391},[84,154096,854],{"class":387},[84,154098,282],{"class":102},[84,154100,3230],{"class":387},[84,154102,3961],{"class":391},[84,154104,854],{"class":387},[84,154106,282],{"class":102},[84,154108,3230],{"class":387},[84,154110,3970],{"class":391},[84,154112,854],{"class":387},[84,154114,110],{"class":102},[84,154116,154117],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154118,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154120,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154122,116],{"class":98},[84,154124,103],{"class":102},[84,154126,36165],{"class":121},[84,154128,292],{"class":102},[84,154130,1906],{"class":94},[84,154132,838],{"class":106},[84,154134,20330],{"class":102},[84,154136,154048],{"class":128},[84,154138,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,154140,116],{"class":98},[84,154142,103],{"class":102},[84,154144,36165],{"class":121},[84,154146,292],{"class":102},[84,154148,1906],{"class":94},[84,154150,568],{"class":106},[84,154152,20330],{"class":102},[84,154154,51355],{"class":128},[84,154156,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,154158,116],{"class":98},[84,154160,103],{"class":102},[84,154162,36165],{"class":121},[84,154164,292],{"class":102},[84,154166,1906],{"class":94},[84,154168,1162],{"class":106},[84,154170,20330],{"class":102},[84,154172,154015],{"class":128},[24,154174,154175],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[24,154177,154178],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[70,154180,154182],{"id":154181},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[24,154184,154185],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[75,154187,154189],{"className":77,"code":154188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154190,154191,154223,154227,154244,154261],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154192,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154194,4868],{"class":90},[84,154196,95],{"class":94},[84,154198,9115],{"class":102},[84,154200,854],{"class":387},[84,154202,12763],{"class":391},[84,154204,854],{"class":387},[84,154206,282],{"class":102},[84,154208,3230],{"class":387},[84,154210,35817],{"class":391},[84,154212,854],{"class":387},[84,154214,282],{"class":102},[84,154216,3230],{"class":387},[84,154218,35826],{"class":391},[84,154220,854],{"class":387},[84,154222,110],{"class":102},[84,154224,154225],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154226,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154228,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154230,116],{"class":98},[84,154232,103],{"class":102},[84,154234,4912],{"class":121},[84,154236,292],{"class":102},[84,154238,279],{"class":106},[84,154240,20330],{"class":102},[84,154242,154243],{"class":128},"   # first item\n",[84,154245,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,154247,116],{"class":98},[84,154249,103],{"class":102},[84,154251,4912],{"class":121},[84,154253,292],{"class":102},[84,154255,838],{"class":106},[84,154257,20330],{"class":102},[84,154259,154260],{"class":128},"   # middle item\n",[84,154262,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,154264,116],{"class":98},[84,154266,103],{"class":102},[84,154268,4912],{"class":121},[84,154270,292],{"class":102},[84,154272,1906],{"class":94},[84,154274,838],{"class":106},[84,154276,20330],{"class":102},[84,154278,154279],{"class":128},"  # last item\n",[24,154281,265],{},[75,154283,154285],{"className":77,"code":154284,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154286,154287,154291,154296],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154288,154289],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154290,49908],{"class":90},[84,154292,154293],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154294,154295],{"class":90},"Ben\n",[84,154297,154298],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154299,154300],{"class":90},"Cara\n",[24,154302,154303],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[70,154305,154307],{"id":154306},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[24,154309,154310],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[24,154312,190],{},[75,154314,154316],{"className":77,"code":154315,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154317,154318,154350,154354],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154319,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154321,35967],{"class":90},[84,154323,95],{"class":94},[84,154325,9115],{"class":102},[84,154327,854],{"class":387},[84,154329,419],{"class":391},[84,154331,854],{"class":387},[84,154333,282],{"class":102},[84,154335,3230],{"class":387},[84,154337,4634],{"class":391},[84,154339,854],{"class":387},[84,154341,282],{"class":102},[84,154343,3230],{"class":387},[84,154345,9619],{"class":391},[84,154347,854],{"class":387},[84,154349,110],{"class":102},[84,154351,154352],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154353,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154355,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154357,116],{"class":98},[84,154359,103],{"class":102},[84,154361,36019],{"class":121},[84,154363,292],{"class":102},[84,154365,107],{"class":106},[84,154367,741],{"class":102},[24,154369,265],{},[75,154371,154373],{"className":77,"code":154372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154374,154375,154387,154392],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154376,154377,154380,154382,154385],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154378,154379],{"class":121},"Traceback ",[84,154381,103],{"class":102},[84,154383,154384],{"class":121},"most recent call last",[84,154386,485],{"class":102},[84,154388,154389],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154390,154391],{"class":34330},"  ...\n",[84,154393,154394,154396,154398,154400,154403],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154395,70594],{"class":139},[84,154397,881],{"class":102},[84,154399,149052],{"class":139},[84,154401,154402],{"class":90}," index out of ",[84,154404,70786],{"class":98},[24,154406,154407],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[33,154409,154410,154414,154418],{},[36,154411,154412],{},[15,154413,279],{},[36,154415,154416],{},[15,154417,838],{},[36,154419,154420],{},[15,154421,568],{},[24,154423,154424,154425,425],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[419,154426,154427,154429],{"href":148924},[15,154428,1085],{}," on a tuple",[75,154431,154433],{"className":77,"code":154432,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154434,154435,154467,154471,154487,154491,154509],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154436,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154438,35967],{"class":90},[84,154440,95],{"class":94},[84,154442,9115],{"class":102},[84,154444,854],{"class":387},[84,154446,419],{"class":391},[84,154448,854],{"class":387},[84,154450,282],{"class":102},[84,154452,3230],{"class":387},[84,154454,4634],{"class":391},[84,154456,854],{"class":387},[84,154458,282],{"class":102},[84,154460,3230],{"class":387},[84,154462,9619],{"class":391},[84,154464,854],{"class":387},[84,154466,110],{"class":102},[84,154468,154469],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154470,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154472,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154474,116],{"class":98},[84,154476,103],{"class":102},[84,154478,602],{"class":98},[84,154480,103],{"class":102},[84,154482,36019],{"class":121},[84,154484,147],{"class":102},[84,154486,50639],{"class":128},[84,154488,154489],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,154490,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154492,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,154494,6872],{"class":470},[84,154496,38256],{"class":98},[84,154498,103],{"class":102},[84,154500,36019],{"class":121},[84,154502,125],{"class":102},[84,154504,38266],{"class":94},[84,154506,304],{"class":106},[84,154508,6266],{"class":102},[84,154510,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,154512,490],{"class":98},[84,154514,103],{"class":102},[84,154516,36019],{"class":121},[84,154518,292],{"class":102},[84,154520,568],{"class":106},[84,154522,741],{"class":102},[24,154524,154525,154526,425],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[419,154527,1278,154529],{"href":154528},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154530,154531],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[70,154533,154535],{"id":154534},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[24,154537,154538],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,154540,154541,154543],{},[36,154542,76738],{},[36,154544,154545],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[24,154547,154548],{},"Indexing example:",[75,154550,154552],{"className":77,"code":154551,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154553,154554,154578,154582],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154555,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154557,91],{"class":90},[84,154559,95],{"class":94},[84,154561,9115],{"class":102},[84,154563,2212],{"class":106},[84,154565,282],{"class":102},[84,154567,7667],{"class":106},[84,154569,282],{"class":102},[84,154571,7672],{"class":106},[84,154573,282],{"class":102},[84,154575,50712],{"class":106},[84,154577,110],{"class":102},[84,154579,154580],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154581,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154583,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154585,116],{"class":98},[84,154587,103],{"class":102},[84,154589,122],{"class":121},[84,154591,292],{"class":102},[84,154593,838],{"class":106},[84,154595,741],{"class":102},[24,154597,265],{},[75,154599,154600],{"className":77,"code":71087,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,154601,154602],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154603,154604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154605,71087],{"class":106},[24,154607,154608],{},"Slicing example:",[75,154610,154612],{"className":77,"code":154611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154613,154614,154638,154642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154615,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154617,91],{"class":90},[84,154619,95],{"class":94},[84,154621,9115],{"class":102},[84,154623,2212],{"class":106},[84,154625,282],{"class":102},[84,154627,7667],{"class":106},[84,154629,282],{"class":102},[84,154631,7672],{"class":106},[84,154633,282],{"class":102},[84,154635,50712],{"class":106},[84,154637,110],{"class":102},[84,154639,154640],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154641,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,154643,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154645,116],{"class":98},[84,154647,103],{"class":102},[84,154649,122],{"class":121},[84,154651,292],{"class":102},[84,154653,838],{"class":106},[84,154655,881],{"class":102},[84,154657,1162],{"class":106},[84,154659,741],{"class":102},[24,154661,265],{},[75,154663,154665],{"className":77,"code":154664,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154666,154667],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154668,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154670,103],{"class":102},[84,154672,15636],{"class":106},[84,154674,282],{"class":102},[84,154676,7672],{"class":106},[84,154678,110],{"class":102},[24,154680,154681,154682,425],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[419,154683,150603],{"href":150602},[70,154685,154687],{"id":154686},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[24,154689,154690],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[24,154692,154693],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[24,154695,6562],{},[75,154697,154699],{"className":77,"code":154698,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154700,154701,154733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154702,154703,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154704,12959],{"class":90},[84,154706,95],{"class":94},[84,154708,9115],{"class":102},[84,154710,854],{"class":387},[84,154712,12976],{"class":391},[84,154714,854],{"class":387},[84,154716,282],{"class":102},[84,154718,3230],{"class":387},[84,154720,17338],{"class":391},[84,154722,854],{"class":387},[84,154724,282],{"class":102},[84,154726,3230],{"class":387},[84,154728,12993],{"class":391},[84,154730,854],{"class":387},[84,154732,110],{"class":102},[84,154734,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154736,116],{"class":98},[84,154738,103],{"class":102},[84,154740,17385],{"class":121},[84,154742,292],{"class":102},[84,154744,838],{"class":106},[84,154746,741],{"class":102},[24,154748,154749],{},"But this does not work:",[75,154751,154753],{"className":77,"code":154752,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154754,154755,154787],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154756,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154758,12959],{"class":90},[84,154760,95],{"class":94},[84,154762,9115],{"class":102},[84,154764,854],{"class":387},[84,154766,12976],{"class":391},[84,154768,854],{"class":387},[84,154770,282],{"class":102},[84,154772,3230],{"class":387},[84,154774,17338],{"class":391},[84,154776,854],{"class":387},[84,154778,282],{"class":102},[84,154780,3230],{"class":387},[84,154782,12993],{"class":391},[84,154784,854],{"class":387},[84,154786,110],{"class":102},[84,154788,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154790,17385],{"class":90},[84,154792,292],{"class":102},[84,154794,838],{"class":106},[84,154796,13157],{"class":102},[84,154798,13160],{"class":94},[84,154800,3230],{"class":387},[84,154802,22405],{"class":391},[84,154804,3236],{"class":387},[24,154806,154807],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[24,154809,154810],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[70,154812,1434],{"id":1433},[24,154814,154815],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[33,154817,154818,154824,154827,154830],{},[36,154819,132414,154820,1686,154822],{},[15,154821,838],{},[15,154823,279],{},[36,154825,154826],{},"Using an index that is too large",[36,154828,154829],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[36,154831,154832,154833],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154834,154835],{},"tuple[index]",[24,154837,62160],{},[75,154839,154841],{"className":77,"code":154840,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154842,154843,154853,154867,154881,154897],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154844,154845,154847,154849,154851],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154846,116],{"class":98},[84,154848,103],{"class":102},[84,154850,147704],{"class":121},[84,154852,110],{"class":102},[84,154854,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,154856,116],{"class":98},[84,154858,103],{"class":102},[84,154860,602],{"class":98},[84,154862,103],{"class":102},[84,154864,147704],{"class":121},[84,154866,232],{"class":102},[84,154868,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,154870,116],{"class":98},[84,154872,103],{"class":102},[84,154874,147704],{"class":121},[84,154876,292],{"class":102},[84,154878,279],{"class":106},[84,154880,741],{"class":102},[84,154882,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,154884,116],{"class":98},[84,154886,103],{"class":102},[84,154888,147704],{"class":121},[84,154890,292],{"class":102},[84,154892,1906],{"class":94},[84,154894,838],{"class":106},[84,154896,741],{"class":102},[84,154898,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,154900,116],{"class":98},[84,154902,103],{"class":102},[84,154904,334],{"class":139},[84,154906,103],{"class":102},[84,154908,147704],{"class":121},[84,154910,232],{"class":102},[24,154912,154913],{},"These can help you confirm:",[33,154915,154916,154919,154921,154924],{},[36,154917,154918],{},"what the tuple contains",[36,154920,60650],{},[36,154922,154923],{},"what the first and last items are",[36,154925,154926],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[70,154928,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,154930,154932],{"id":154931},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[24,154934,154935,154936,425],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154937,279],{},[1667,154939,154941],{"id":154940},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[24,154943,153,154944,154946],{},[15,154945,65718],{}," as the index:",[75,154948,154950],{"className":77,"code":154949,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154951,154952],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154953,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154955,147704],{"class":90},[84,154957,292],{"class":102},[84,154959,1906],{"class":94},[84,154961,838],{"class":106},[84,154963,317],{"class":102},[1667,154965,154967],{"id":154966},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[24,154969,154970],{},"Python raises:",[75,154972,154974],{"className":77,"code":154973,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154975,154976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154977,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154979,70594],{"class":139},[84,154981,881],{"class":102},[84,154983,149052],{"class":139},[84,154985,154402],{"class":90},[84,154987,70786],{"class":98},[1667,154989,154991],{"id":154990},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[24,154993,154994],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[70,154996,1777],{"id":1776},[33,154998,154999,155004,155008,155012,155018],{},[36,155000,155001],{},[419,155002,155003],{"href":147689},"How to create a tuple in Python",[36,155005,155006],{},[419,155007,150603],{"href":150602},[36,155009,155010],{},[419,155011,150608],{"href":148924},[36,155013,155014],{},[419,155015,1810,155016],{"href":154528},[15,155017,154531],{},[36,155019,155020],{},[419,155021,147686],{"href":147685},[1814,155023,155024],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":155026},[155027,155028,155029,155030,155031,155032,155033,155034,155035,155036,155042],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":153790,"depth":113,"text":153791},{"id":153916,"depth":113,"text":153917},{"id":154054,"depth":113,"text":154055},{"id":154181,"depth":113,"text":154182},{"id":154306,"depth":113,"text":154307},{"id":154534,"depth":113,"text":154535},{"id":154686,"depth":113,"text":154687},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":155037},[155038,155039,155040,155041],{"id":154931,"depth":132,"text":154932},{"id":154940,"depth":132,"text":154941},{"id":154966,"depth":132,"text":154967},{"id":154990,"depth":132,"text":154991},{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153647,"description":155043},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155049,"title":155050,"body":155051,"description":156940,"extension":1845,"meta":156941,"navigation":237,"path":156942,"seo":156943,"stem":156944,"__hash__":156945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155052,"toc":156897},[155053,155059,155064,155115,155119,155127,155133,155135,155151,155153,155156,155171,155173,155186,155188,155245,155249,155257,155264,155270,155276,155280,155331,155335,155343,155347,155376,155380,155388,155392,155425,155429,155437,155441,155444,155495,155499,155507,155509,155526,155530,155534,155593,155597,155605,155608,155635,155639,155647,155651,155657,155732,155736,155773,155781,155785,155848,155852,155860,155865,155869,155875,155918,155922,155930,155936,155939,155986,155990,155998,156007,156013,156068,156072,156080,156083,156087,156089,156120,156124,156143,156146,156191,156195,156218,156224,156229,156231,156278,156283,156286,156334,156338,156346,156350,156355,156359,156409,156413,156428,156432,156490,156494,156509,156513,156584,156588,156597,156601,156680,156684,156706,156714,156716,156719,156744,156746,156799,156801,156818,156820,156824,156830,156835,156840,156844,156849,156853,156858,156864,156867,156869,156894],[10,155054,155056,155057,125],{"id":155055},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155058,602],{},[24,155060,153,155061,155063],{},[15,155062,1085],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[75,155065,155067],{"className":77,"code":155066,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155068,155069,155101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155070,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155072,12959],{"class":90},[84,155074,95],{"class":94},[84,155076,9115],{"class":102},[84,155078,854],{"class":387},[84,155080,12976],{"class":391},[84,155082,854],{"class":387},[84,155084,282],{"class":102},[84,155086,3230],{"class":387},[84,155088,17338],{"class":391},[84,155090,854],{"class":387},[84,155092,282],{"class":102},[84,155094,3230],{"class":387},[84,155096,12993],{"class":391},[84,155098,854],{"class":387},[84,155100,110],{"class":102},[84,155102,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155104,116],{"class":98},[84,155106,103],{"class":102},[84,155108,602],{"class":98},[84,155110,103],{"class":102},[84,155112,17385],{"class":121},[84,155114,232],{"class":102},[24,155116,155117],{},[42,155118,265],{},[75,155120,155121],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155122,155123],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155124,155125],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155126,524],{"class":106},[24,155128,153,155129,155132],{},[15,155130,155131],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[70,155134,15046],{"id":15045},[33,155136,155137,155142,155146,155149],{},[36,155138,4072,155139,155141],{},[15,155140,1085],{}," works with tuples",[36,155143,68122,155144,11586],{},[15,155145,1085],{},[36,155147,155148],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[36,155150,4393],{},[70,155152,2038],{"id":2037},[24,155154,155155],{},"Use this pattern:",[75,155157,155159],{"className":77,"code":155158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155160,155161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155162,155163,155165,155167,155169],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155164,602],{"class":98},[84,155166,103],{"class":102},[84,155168,147704],{"class":121},[84,155170,110],{"class":102},[24,155172,11338],{},[33,155174,155175,155178,155181],{},[36,155176,155177],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[36,155179,155180],{},"The result is an integer",[36,155182,155183,155185],{},[15,155184,1085],{}," does not change the tuple",[24,155187,190],{},[75,155189,155191],{"className":77,"code":155190,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155192,155193,155217,155231,155235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155194,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155196,91],{"class":90},[84,155198,95],{"class":94},[84,155200,9115],{"class":102},[84,155202,2212],{"class":106},[84,155204,282],{"class":102},[84,155206,7667],{"class":106},[84,155208,282],{"class":102},[84,155210,7672],{"class":106},[84,155212,282],{"class":102},[84,155214,50712],{"class":106},[84,155216,110],{"class":102},[84,155218,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155220,41113],{"class":90},[84,155222,95],{"class":94},[84,155224,38256],{"class":98},[84,155226,103],{"class":102},[84,155228,122],{"class":121},[84,155230,110],{"class":102},[84,155232,155233],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,155234,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,155236,155237,155239,155241,155243],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,155238,116],{"class":98},[84,155240,103],{"class":102},[84,155242,41131],{"class":121},[84,155244,110],{"class":102},[24,155246,155247],{},[42,155248,265],{},[75,155250,155251],{"className":77,"code":529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155252,155253],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155254,155255],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155256,529],{"class":106},[24,155258,155259,155260,425],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[419,155261,13,155262,424],{"href":42230},[15,155263,1085],{},[70,155265,429,155267,155269],{"id":155266},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155268,1085],{}," returns for a tuple",[24,155271,155272,155273,155275],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155274,1085],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1667,155277,155279],{"id":155278},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[75,155281,155283],{"className":77,"code":155282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155284,155285,155317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155286,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155288,36113],{"class":90},[84,155290,95],{"class":94},[84,155292,9115],{"class":102},[84,155294,854],{"class":387},[84,155296,3952],{"class":391},[84,155298,854],{"class":387},[84,155300,282],{"class":102},[84,155302,3230],{"class":387},[84,155304,3961],{"class":391},[84,155306,854],{"class":387},[84,155308,282],{"class":102},[84,155310,3230],{"class":387},[84,155312,33098],{"class":391},[84,155314,854],{"class":387},[84,155316,110],{"class":102},[84,155318,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155320,116],{"class":98},[84,155322,103],{"class":102},[84,155324,602],{"class":98},[84,155326,103],{"class":102},[84,155328,36165],{"class":121},[84,155330,232],{"class":102},[24,155332,155333],{},[42,155334,265],{},[75,155336,155337],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155338,155339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155340,155341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155342,524],{"class":106},[1667,155344,155346],{"id":155345},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[75,155348,155350],{"className":77,"code":155349,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155351,155352,155361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155353,155354,155357,155359],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155355,155356],{"class":90},"empty_tuple ",[84,155358,95],{"class":94},[84,155360,149028],{"class":102},[84,155362,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155374],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155364,116],{"class":98},[84,155366,103],{"class":102},[84,155368,602],{"class":98},[84,155370,103],{"class":102},[84,155372,155373],{"class":121},"empty_tuple",[84,155375,232],{"class":102},[24,155377,155378],{},[42,155379,265],{},[75,155381,155382],{"className":77,"code":509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155383,155384],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155385,155386],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155387,509],{"class":106},[1667,155389,155391],{"id":155390},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[75,155393,155395],{"className":77,"code":155394,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155396,155397,155410],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155398,155399,155402,155404,155406,155408],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155400,155401],{"class":90},"single_value ",[84,155403,95],{"class":94},[84,155405,9115],{"class":102},[84,155407,107],{"class":106},[84,155409,149042],{"class":102},[84,155411,155412,155414,155416,155418,155420,155423],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155413,116],{"class":98},[84,155415,103],{"class":102},[84,155417,602],{"class":98},[84,155419,103],{"class":102},[84,155421,155422],{"class":121},"single_value",[84,155424,232],{"class":102},[24,155426,155427],{},[42,155428,265],{},[75,155430,155431],{"className":77,"code":514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155432,155433],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155434,155435],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155436,514],{"class":106},[1667,155438,155440],{"id":155439},"nested-items","Nested items",[24,155442,155443],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[75,155445,155447],{"className":77,"code":155446,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155448,155449,155481],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155450,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155452,9044],{"class":90},[84,155454,95],{"class":94},[84,155456,9115],{"class":102},[84,155458,838],{"class":106},[84,155460,282],{"class":102},[84,155462,9115],{"class":102},[84,155464,568],{"class":106},[84,155466,282],{"class":102},[84,155468,309],{"class":106},[84,155470,9112],{"class":102},[84,155472,3498],{"class":102},[84,155474,2386],{"class":106},[84,155476,282],{"class":102},[84,155478,285],{"class":106},[84,155480,741],{"class":102},[84,155482,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155484,116],{"class":98},[84,155486,103],{"class":102},[84,155488,602],{"class":98},[84,155490,103],{"class":102},[84,155492,9083],{"class":121},[84,155494,232],{"class":102},[24,155496,155497],{},[42,155498,265],{},[75,155500,155501],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155502,155503],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155504,155505],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155506,524],{"class":106},[24,155508,19841],{},[33,155510,155511,155516,155521],{},[36,155512,155513,155515],{},[15,155514,838],{}," is one item",[36,155517,155518,155515],{},[15,155519,155520],{},"(2, 3)",[36,155522,155523,155515],{},[15,155524,155525],{},"[4, 5]",[70,155527,155529],{"id":155528},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1667,155531,155533],{"id":155532},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[75,155535,155537],{"className":77,"code":155536,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155538,155539,155579],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155540,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155542,12959],{"class":90},[84,155544,95],{"class":94},[84,155546,9115],{"class":102},[84,155548,854],{"class":387},[84,155550,12976],{"class":391},[84,155552,854],{"class":387},[84,155554,282],{"class":102},[84,155556,3230],{"class":387},[84,155558,17338],{"class":391},[84,155560,854],{"class":387},[84,155562,282],{"class":102},[84,155564,3230],{"class":387},[84,155566,12993],{"class":391},[84,155568,854],{"class":387},[84,155570,282],{"class":102},[84,155572,3230],{"class":387},[84,155574,22405],{"class":391},[84,155576,854],{"class":387},[84,155578,110],{"class":102},[84,155580,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155582,116],{"class":98},[84,155584,103],{"class":102},[84,155586,602],{"class":98},[84,155588,103],{"class":102},[84,155590,17385],{"class":121},[84,155592,232],{"class":102},[24,155594,155595],{},[42,155596,265],{},[75,155598,155599],{"className":77,"code":529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155600,155601],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155602,155603],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155604,529],{"class":106},[1667,155606,155346],{"id":155607},"empty-tuple-1",[75,155609,155611],{"className":77,"code":155610,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155612,155613,155621],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155614,155615,155617,155619],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155616,7656],{"class":90},[84,155618,95],{"class":94},[84,155620,149028],{"class":102},[84,155622,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155624,116],{"class":98},[84,155626,103],{"class":102},[84,155628,602],{"class":98},[84,155630,103],{"class":102},[84,155632,7687],{"class":121},[84,155634,232],{"class":102},[24,155636,155637],{},[42,155638,265],{},[75,155640,155641],{"className":77,"code":509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155642,155643],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155644,155645],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155646,509],{"class":106},[1667,155648,155650],{"id":155649},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[24,155652,155653,155654,155656],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[42,155655,1367],{}," always a tuple.",[75,155658,155660],{"className":77,"code":155659,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155661,155662,155674,155686,155690,155704,155718],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155663,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155665,2436],{"class":90},[84,155667,95],{"class":94},[84,155669,9115],{"class":102},[84,155671,107],{"class":106},[84,155673,110],{"class":102},[84,155675,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155677,2463],{"class":90},[84,155679,95],{"class":94},[84,155681,9115],{"class":102},[84,155683,107],{"class":106},[84,155685,149042],{"class":102},[84,155687,155688],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,155689,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,155691,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,155693,116],{"class":98},[84,155695,103],{"class":102},[84,155697,334],{"class":139},[84,155699,103],{"class":102},[84,155701,419],{"class":121},[84,155703,232],{"class":102},[84,155705,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,155707,116],{"class":98},[84,155709,103],{"class":102},[84,155711,334],{"class":139},[84,155713,103],{"class":102},[84,155715,4634],{"class":121},[84,155717,232],{"class":102},[84,155719,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,155721,116],{"class":98},[84,155723,103],{"class":102},[84,155725,602],{"class":98},[84,155727,103],{"class":102},[84,155729,4634],{"class":121},[84,155731,232],{"class":102},[24,155733,155734],{},[42,155735,265],{},[75,155737,155739],{"className":77,"code":155738,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155740,155741,155755,155769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155742,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155744,380],{"class":94},[84,155746,384],{"class":383},[84,155748,388],{"class":387},[84,155750,2070],{"class":391},[84,155752,394],{"class":387},[84,155754,397],{"class":94},[84,155756,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155758,380],{"class":94},[84,155760,384],{"class":383},[84,155762,388],{"class":387},[84,155764,48821],{"class":391},[84,155766,394],{"class":387},[84,155768,397],{"class":94},[84,155770,155771],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,155772,514],{"class":106},[24,155774,155775,155776,28,155779,425],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[419,155777,155778],{"href":147689},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[419,155780,148990],{"href":148989},[1667,155782,155784],{"id":155783},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[75,155786,155788],{"className":77,"code":155787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155789,155790,155834],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155791,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155793,59341],{"class":90},[84,155795,95],{"class":94},[84,155797,9115],{"class":102},[84,155799,854],{"class":387},[84,155801,3952],{"class":391},[84,155803,854],{"class":387},[84,155805,282],{"class":102},[84,155807,3498],{"class":102},[84,155809,838],{"class":106},[84,155811,282],{"class":102},[84,155813,304],{"class":106},[84,155815,17945],{"class":102},[84,155817,9115],{"class":102},[84,155819,854],{"class":387},[84,155821,2055],{"class":391},[84,155823,854],{"class":387},[84,155825,282],{"class":102},[84,155827,3230],{"class":387},[84,155829,11626],{"class":391},[84,155831,854],{"class":387},[84,155833,232],{"class":102},[84,155835,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155837,116],{"class":98},[84,155839,103],{"class":102},[84,155841,602],{"class":98},[84,155843,103],{"class":102},[84,155845,59394],{"class":121},[84,155847,232],{"class":102},[24,155849,155850],{},[42,155851,265],{},[75,155853,155854],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155855,155856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155857,155858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155859,524],{"class":106},[24,155861,155862,155864],{},[15,155863,1085],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[70,155866,155868],{"id":155867},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1667,155870,155872,155874],{"id":155871},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155873,1085],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[75,155876,155878],{"className":77,"code":155877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155879,155880,155904],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155881,155882,155884,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898,155900,155902],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155883,3943],{"class":90},[84,155885,95],{"class":94},[84,155887,9115],{"class":102},[84,155889,854],{"class":387},[84,155891,63461],{"class":391},[84,155893,854],{"class":387},[84,155895,282],{"class":102},[84,155897,3230],{"class":387},[84,155899,79],{"class":391},[84,155901,854],{"class":387},[84,155903,110],{"class":102},[84,155905,155906,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155907,116],{"class":98},[84,155909,103],{"class":102},[84,155911,602],{"class":98},[84,155913,103],{"class":102},[84,155915,3987],{"class":121},[84,155917,232],{"class":102},[24,155919,155920],{},[42,155921,265],{},[75,155923,155924],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155925,155926],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155927,155928],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155929,519],{"class":106},[24,155931,155932,155933,155935],{},"This result is ",[15,155934,568],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[24,155937,155938],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[75,155940,155942],{"className":77,"code":155941,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155943,155944,155968],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155945,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954,155956,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155947,3943],{"class":90},[84,155949,95],{"class":94},[84,155951,9115],{"class":102},[84,155953,854],{"class":387},[84,155955,63461],{"class":391},[84,155957,854],{"class":387},[84,155959,282],{"class":102},[84,155961,3230],{"class":387},[84,155963,79],{"class":391},[84,155965,854],{"class":387},[84,155967,110],{"class":102},[84,155969,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,155971,116],{"class":98},[84,155973,103],{"class":102},[84,155975,602],{"class":98},[84,155977,103],{"class":102},[84,155979,3987],{"class":121},[84,155981,292],{"class":102},[84,155983,279],{"class":106},[84,155985,2878],{"class":102},[24,155987,155988],{},[42,155989,265],{},[75,155991,155992],{"className":77,"code":519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155993,155994],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155995,155996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155997,519],{"class":106},[24,155999,532,156000,156003,156004,425],{},[15,156001,156002],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156005,156006],{},"\"hi\"",[1667,156008,156010,156012],{"id":156009},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156011,1085],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[75,156014,156016],{"className":77,"code":156015,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156017,156018,156054],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156019,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156021,3698],{"class":90},[84,156023,95],{"class":94},[84,156025,9875],{"class":102},[84,156027,838],{"class":106},[84,156029,282],{"class":102},[84,156031,304],{"class":106},[84,156033,9112],{"class":102},[84,156035,9115],{"class":102},[84,156037,1162],{"class":106},[84,156039,282],{"class":102},[84,156041,314],{"class":106},[84,156043,9112],{"class":102},[84,156045,9115],{"class":102},[84,156047,107],{"class":106},[84,156049,282],{"class":102},[84,156051,843],{"class":106},[84,156053,232],{"class":102},[84,156055,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156057,116],{"class":98},[84,156059,103],{"class":102},[84,156061,602],{"class":98},[84,156063,103],{"class":102},[84,156065,5233],{"class":121},[84,156067,232],{"class":102},[24,156069,156070],{},[42,156071,265],{},[75,156073,156074],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156075,156076],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156077,156078],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156079,524],{"class":106},[24,156081,156082],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1667,156084,156086],{"id":156085},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[24,156088,25567],{},[75,156090,156092],{"className":77,"code":156091,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156093,156094,156106],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156095,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156097,2329],{"class":90},[84,156099,95],{"class":94},[84,156101,9115],{"class":102},[84,156103,2212],{"class":106},[84,156105,110],{"class":102},[84,156107,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156109,116],{"class":98},[84,156111,103],{"class":102},[84,156113,334],{"class":139},[84,156115,103],{"class":102},[84,156117,2354],{"class":121},[84,156119,232],{"class":102},[24,156121,156122],{},[42,156123,265],{},[75,156125,156127],{"className":77,"code":156126,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156128,156129],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156130,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156132,380],{"class":94},[84,156134,384],{"class":383},[84,156136,388],{"class":387},[84,156138,2070],{"class":391},[84,156140,394],{"class":387},[84,156142,397],{"class":94},[24,156144,156145],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[75,156147,156149],{"className":77,"code":156148,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156150,156151,156163,156177],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156152,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156154,2329],{"class":90},[84,156156,95],{"class":94},[84,156158,9115],{"class":102},[84,156160,2212],{"class":106},[84,156162,149042],{"class":102},[84,156164,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156166,116],{"class":98},[84,156168,103],{"class":102},[84,156170,334],{"class":139},[84,156172,103],{"class":102},[84,156174,2354],{"class":121},[84,156176,232],{"class":102},[84,156178,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156180,116],{"class":98},[84,156182,103],{"class":102},[84,156184,602],{"class":98},[84,156186,103],{"class":102},[84,156188,2354],{"class":121},[84,156190,232],{"class":102},[24,156192,156193],{},[42,156194,265],{},[75,156196,156198],{"className":77,"code":156197,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156199,156200,156214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156201,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156203,380],{"class":94},[84,156205,384],{"class":383},[84,156207,388],{"class":387},[84,156209,48821],{"class":391},[84,156211,394],{"class":387},[84,156213,397],{"class":94},[84,156215,156216],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156217,514],{"class":106},[1667,156219,156221,156223],{"id":156220},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156222,602],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[24,156225,44301,156226,156228],{},[15,156227,602],{}," as a variable name.",[24,156230,44332],{},[75,156232,156234],{"className":77,"code":156233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156235,156236,156244,156264],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156237,156238,156240,156242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156239,602],{"class":98},[84,156241,13160],{"class":94},[84,156243,2468],{"class":106},[84,156245,156246,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156247,91],{"class":90},[84,156249,95],{"class":94},[84,156251,9115],{"class":102},[84,156253,838],{"class":106},[84,156255,282],{"class":102},[84,156257,304],{"class":106},[84,156259,282],{"class":102},[84,156261,309],{"class":106},[84,156263,110],{"class":102},[84,156265,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156267,116],{"class":98},[84,156269,103],{"class":102},[84,156271,602],{"class":98},[84,156273,103],{"class":102},[84,156275,122],{"class":121},[84,156277,232],{"class":102},[24,156279,39524,156280,156282],{},[15,156281,602],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[24,156284,156285],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[75,156287,156289],{"className":77,"code":156288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156290,156291,156300,156320],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156292,156293,156296,156298],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156294,156295],{"class":90},"length_value ",[84,156297,95],{"class":94},[84,156299,2468],{"class":106},[84,156301,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156303,91],{"class":90},[84,156305,95],{"class":94},[84,156307,9115],{"class":102},[84,156309,838],{"class":106},[84,156311,282],{"class":102},[84,156313,304],{"class":106},[84,156315,282],{"class":102},[84,156317,309],{"class":106},[84,156319,110],{"class":102},[84,156321,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156323,116],{"class":98},[84,156325,103],{"class":102},[84,156327,602],{"class":98},[84,156329,103],{"class":102},[84,156331,122],{"class":121},[84,156333,232],{"class":102},[24,156335,156336],{},[42,156337,265],{},[75,156339,156340],{"className":77,"code":524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156341,156342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156343,156344],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156345,524],{"class":106},[70,156347,156349],{"id":156348},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[24,156351,156352,156354],{},[15,156353,1085],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1667,156356,156358],{"id":156357},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[75,156360,156362],{"className":77,"code":156361,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156363,156364,156372,156376,156394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156365,156366,156368,156370],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156367,7656],{"class":90},[84,156369,95],{"class":94},[84,156371,149028],{"class":102},[84,156373,156374],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156375,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,156377,156378,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156379,6872],{"class":470},[84,156381,38256],{"class":98},[84,156383,103],{"class":102},[84,156385,7687],{"class":121},[84,156387,125],{"class":102},[84,156389,6281],{"class":94},[84,156391,3709],{"class":106},[84,156393,6266],{"class":102},[84,156395,156396,156398,156400,156402,156405,156407],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,156397,490],{"class":98},[84,156399,103],{"class":102},[84,156401,854],{"class":387},[84,156403,156404],{"class":391},"The tuple is empty",[84,156406,854],{"class":387},[84,156408,110],{"class":102},[24,156410,156411],{},[42,156412,265],{},[75,156414,156416],{"className":77,"code":156415,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156417,156418],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156419,156420,156422,156424,156426],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156421,1862],{"class":90},[84,156423,48821],{"class":139},[84,156425,7973],{"class":94},[84,156427,7979],{"class":90},[1667,156429,156431],{"id":156430},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[75,156433,156435],{"className":77,"code":156434,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156436,156437,156453,156457,156475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156438,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449,156451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156440,51254],{"class":90},[84,156442,95],{"class":94},[84,156444,9115],{"class":102},[84,156446,2386],{"class":106},[84,156448,282],{"class":102},[84,156450,5867],{"class":106},[84,156452,110],{"class":102},[84,156454,156455],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156456,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,156458,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156460,6872],{"class":470},[84,156462,38256],{"class":98},[84,156464,103],{"class":102},[84,156466,51279],{"class":121},[84,156468,125],{"class":102},[84,156470,6281],{"class":94},[84,156472,304],{"class":106},[84,156474,6266],{"class":102},[84,156476,156477,156479,156481,156483,156486,156488],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,156478,490],{"class":98},[84,156480,103],{"class":102},[84,156482,854],{"class":387},[84,156484,156485],{"class":391},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[84,156487,854],{"class":387},[84,156489,110],{"class":102},[24,156491,156492],{},[42,156493,265],{},[75,156495,156497],{"className":77,"code":156496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156498,156499],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156500,156501,156504,156506],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156502,156503],{"class":90},"This looks like an x",[84,156505,282],{"class":102},[84,156507,156508],{"class":90}," y coordinate\n",[1667,156510,156512],{"id":156511},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[75,156514,156516],{"className":77,"code":156515,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156517,156518,156547,156551,156569],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156519,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156543,156545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156521,11368],{"class":90},[84,156523,95],{"class":94},[84,156525,9115],{"class":102},[84,156527,854],{"class":387},[84,156529,12763],{"class":391},[84,156531,854],{"class":387},[84,156533,282],{"class":102},[84,156535,9185],{"class":106},[84,156537,282],{"class":102},[84,156539,3230],{"class":387},[84,156541,156542],{"class":391},"Canada",[84,156544,854],{"class":387},[84,156546,110],{"class":102},[84,156548,156549],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156550,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,156552,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156554,6872],{"class":470},[84,156556,38256],{"class":98},[84,156558,103],{"class":102},[84,156560,11462],{"class":121},[84,156562,125],{"class":102},[84,156564,6281],{"class":94},[84,156566,309],{"class":106},[84,156568,6266],{"class":102},[84,156570,156571,156573,156575,156577,156580,156582],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,156572,490],{"class":98},[84,156574,103],{"class":102},[84,156576,854],{"class":387},[84,156578,156579],{"class":391},"User record has the expected number of values",[84,156581,854],{"class":387},[84,156583,110],{"class":102},[24,156585,156586],{},[42,156587,265],{},[75,156589,156591],{"className":77,"code":156590,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156592,156593],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156594,156595],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156596,156590],{"class":90},[1667,156598,156600],{"id":156599},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[75,156602,156604],{"className":77,"code":156603,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156605,156606,156638,156642,156662],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156607,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156609,35967],{"class":90},[84,156611,95],{"class":94},[84,156613,9115],{"class":102},[84,156615,854],{"class":387},[84,156617,419],{"class":391},[84,156619,854],{"class":387},[84,156621,282],{"class":102},[84,156623,3230],{"class":387},[84,156625,4634],{"class":391},[84,156627,854],{"class":387},[84,156629,282],{"class":102},[84,156631,3230],{"class":387},[84,156633,9619],{"class":391},[84,156635,854],{"class":387},[84,156637,110],{"class":102},[84,156639,156640],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156641,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,156643,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156645,440],{"class":470},[84,156647,473],{"class":90},[84,156649,476],{"class":470},[84,156651,99],{"class":98},[84,156653,103],{"class":102},[84,156655,602],{"class":98},[84,156657,103],{"class":102},[84,156659,36019],{"class":121},[84,156661,69426],{"class":102},[84,156663,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,156665,490],{"class":98},[84,156667,103],{"class":102},[84,156669,495],{"class":121},[84,156671,282],{"class":102},[84,156673,69959],{"class":121},[84,156675,292],{"class":102},[84,156677,495],{"class":121},[84,156679,741],{"class":102},[24,156681,156682],{},[42,156683,265],{},[75,156685,156686],{"className":77,"code":36041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156687,156688,156694,156700],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156689,156690,156692],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156691,279],{"class":106},[84,156693,36050],{"class":90},[84,156695,156696,156698],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156697,838],{"class":106},[84,156699,36057],{"class":90},[84,156701,156702,156704],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156703,568],{"class":106},[84,156705,36064],{"class":90},[24,156707,156708,156709,156711,156712,425],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[419,156710,149359],{"href":149358},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[419,156713,150603],{"href":150602},[70,156715,1434],{"id":1433},[24,156717,156718],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[33,156720,156721,156729,156736,156741],{},[36,156722,156723,156724,1686,156727],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156725,156726],{},"(5)",[15,156728,149193],{},[36,156730,1442,156731,156733,156734],{},[15,156732,602],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156735,1085],{},[36,156737,8329,156738,156740],{},[15,156739,1085],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[36,156742,156743],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[24,156745,31959],{},[75,156747,156749],{"className":77,"code":156748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156750,156751,156761,156775,156789],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156754,116],{"class":98},[84,156756,103],{"class":102},[84,156758,147704],{"class":121},[84,156760,110],{"class":102},[84,156762,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,156764,116],{"class":98},[84,156766,103],{"class":102},[84,156768,334],{"class":139},[84,156770,103],{"class":102},[84,156772,147704],{"class":121},[84,156774,232],{"class":102},[84,156776,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,156778,116],{"class":98},[84,156780,103],{"class":102},[84,156782,602],{"class":98},[84,156784,103],{"class":102},[84,156786,147704],{"class":121},[84,156788,232],{"class":102},[84,156790,156791,156793,156795,156797],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,156792,32029],{"class":98},[84,156794,103],{"class":102},[84,156796,602],{"class":98},[84,156798,110],{"class":102},[24,156800,154913],{},[33,156802,156803,156806,156809,156813],{},[36,156804,156805],{},"what value you are using",[36,156807,156808],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[36,156810,25896,156811,11586],{},[15,156812,1085],{},[36,156814,123077,156815,156817],{},[15,156816,1085],{}," is documented in Python",[70,156819,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,156821,156823],{"id":156822},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[24,156825,153,156826,156829],{},[15,156827,156828],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1667,156831,12586,156833,148863],{"id":156832},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156834,1085],{},[24,156836,1676,156837,156839],{},[15,156838,1085],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1667,156841,156843],{"id":156842},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[24,156845,156846,156847,425],{},"The length is ",[15,156848,279],{},[1667,156850,156852],{"id":156851},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[24,156854,150549,156855,156857],{},[15,156856,150552],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1667,156859,12586,156861,156863],{"id":156860},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156862,1085],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[24,156865,156866],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[70,156868,1777],{"id":1776},[33,156870,156871,156877,156881,156885,156889],{},[36,156872,156873],{},[419,156874,13,156875,424],{"href":42230},[15,156876,1085],{},[36,156878,156879],{},[419,156880,155778],{"href":147689},[36,156882,156883],{},[419,156884,149359],{"href":149358},[36,156886,156887],{},[419,156888,150603],{"href":150602},[36,156890,156891],{},[419,156892,156893],{"href":148989},"What is a tuple in Python",[1814,156895,156896],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":156898},[156899,156900,156901,156908,156914,156923,156929,156930,156939],{"id":15045,"depth":113,"text":15046},{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":155266,"depth":113,"text":156902,"children":156903},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156904,156905,156906,156907],{"id":155278,"depth":132,"text":155279},{"id":155345,"depth":132,"text":155346},{"id":155390,"depth":132,"text":155391},{"id":155439,"depth":132,"text":155440},{"id":155528,"depth":113,"text":155529,"children":156909},[156910,156911,156912,156913],{"id":155532,"depth":132,"text":155533},{"id":155607,"depth":132,"text":155346},{"id":155649,"depth":132,"text":155650},{"id":155783,"depth":132,"text":155784},{"id":155867,"depth":113,"text":155868,"children":156915},[156916,156918,156920,156921],{"id":155871,"depth":132,"text":156917},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156009,"depth":132,"text":156919},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156085,"depth":132,"text":156086},{"id":156220,"depth":132,"text":156922},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156348,"depth":113,"text":156349,"children":156924},[156925,156926,156927,156928],{"id":156357,"depth":132,"text":156358},{"id":156430,"depth":132,"text":156431},{"id":156511,"depth":132,"text":156512},{"id":156599,"depth":132,"text":156600},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":156931},[156932,156933,156935,156936,156937],{"id":156822,"depth":132,"text":156823},{"id":156832,"depth":132,"text":156934},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156842,"depth":132,"text":156843},{"id":156851,"depth":132,"text":156852},{"id":156860,"depth":132,"text":156938},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155050,"description":156940},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156947,"title":156948,"body":156949,"description":159334,"extension":1845,"meta":159335,"navigation":237,"path":159336,"seo":159337,"stem":159338,"__hash__":159339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156950,"toc":159295},[156951,156954,156957,156960,156983,156989,156991,157102,157106,157109,157119,157121,157220,157222,157299,157305,157309,157312,157335,157338,157355,157358,157360,157423,157425,157442,157453,157458,157460,157463,157469,157520,157522,157542,157546,157597,157599,157620,157624,157679,157681,157702,157706,157761,157763,157784,157788,157841,157843,157872,157874,157876,157879,157883,157940,157942,157963,157967,158020,158022,158047,158052,158056,158061,158079,158082,158145,158147,158168,158171,158232,158234,158255,158258,158301,158304,158308,158313,158317,158396,158398,158429,158433,158508,158510,158537,158541,158588,158590,158598,158603,158607,158610,158625,158627,158715,158717,158742,158745,158788,158797,158799,158802,158817,158820,158824,158878,158880,158900,158905,158909,158911,158949,158952,159002,159006,159079,159081,159118,159121,159123,159126,159146,159149,159218,159220,159233,159235,159239,159242,159246,159249,159254,159257,159263,159268,159270,159292],[10,156952,156948],{"id":156953},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[24,156955,156956],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[24,156958,156959],{},"Use this format:",[75,156961,156963],{"className":77,"code":156962,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156964,156965],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156966,156967,156969,156971,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156968,48821],{"class":90},[84,156970,292],{"class":102},[84,156972,35949],{"class":90},[84,156974,881],{"class":102},[84,156976,75289],{"class":90},[84,156978,881],{"class":102},[84,156980,75292],{"class":90},[84,156982,317],{"class":102},[24,156984,1862,156985,75325,156987,425],{},[15,156986,75289],{},[42,156988,64933],{},[70,156990,1887],{"id":1886},[75,156992,156994],{"className":77,"code":156993,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156995,156996,157024,157028,157049,157066,157083],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156997,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156999,91],{"class":90},[84,157001,95],{"class":94},[84,157003,9115],{"class":102},[84,157005,2212],{"class":106},[84,157007,282],{"class":102},[84,157009,7667],{"class":106},[84,157011,282],{"class":102},[84,157013,7672],{"class":106},[84,157015,282],{"class":102},[84,157017,50712],{"class":106},[84,157019,282],{"class":102},[84,157021,4954],{"class":106},[84,157023,110],{"class":102},[84,157025,157026],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157027,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157031,116],{"class":98},[84,157033,103],{"class":102},[84,157035,122],{"class":121},[84,157037,292],{"class":102},[84,157039,838],{"class":106},[84,157041,881],{"class":102},[84,157043,2386],{"class":106},[84,157045,20330],{"class":102},[84,157047,157048],{"class":128},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[84,157050,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,157052,116],{"class":98},[84,157054,103],{"class":102},[84,157056,122],{"class":121},[84,157058,75398],{"class":102},[84,157060,1162],{"class":106},[84,157062,20330],{"class":102},[84,157064,157065],{"class":128},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[84,157067,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,157069,116],{"class":98},[84,157071,103],{"class":102},[84,157073,122],{"class":121},[84,157075,73985],{"class":102},[84,157077,568],{"class":106},[84,157079,20330],{"class":102},[84,157081,157082],{"class":128},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[84,157084,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,157086,116],{"class":98},[84,157088,103],{"class":102},[84,157090,122],{"class":121},[84,157092,73985],{"class":102},[84,157094,1906],{"class":94},[84,157096,838],{"class":106},[84,157098,20330],{"class":102},[84,157100,157101],{"class":128},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[70,157103,157105],{"id":157104},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[24,157107,157108],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[33,157110,157111,157113,157116],{},[36,157112,75592],{},[36,157114,157115],{},"The result is a new tuple",[36,157117,157118],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[24,157120,190],{},[75,157122,157124],{"className":77,"code":157123,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157125,157126,157174,157178,157196,157200,157210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157127,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157129,35967],{"class":90},[84,157131,95],{"class":94},[84,157133,9115],{"class":102},[84,157135,854],{"class":387},[84,157137,419],{"class":391},[84,157139,854],{"class":387},[84,157141,282],{"class":102},[84,157143,3230],{"class":387},[84,157145,4634],{"class":391},[84,157147,854],{"class":387},[84,157149,282],{"class":102},[84,157151,3230],{"class":387},[84,157153,9619],{"class":391},[84,157155,854],{"class":387},[84,157157,282],{"class":102},[84,157159,3230],{"class":387},[84,157161,18651],{"class":391},[84,157163,854],{"class":387},[84,157165,282],{"class":102},[84,157167,3230],{"class":387},[84,157169,60314],{"class":391},[84,157171,854],{"class":387},[84,157173,110],{"class":102},[84,157175,157176],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157177,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157179,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157181,75522],{"class":90},[84,157183,95],{"class":94},[84,157185,69959],{"class":90},[84,157187,292],{"class":102},[84,157189,838],{"class":106},[84,157191,881],{"class":102},[84,157193,2386],{"class":106},[84,157195,317],{"class":102},[84,157197,157198],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,157199,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157201,157202,157204,157206,157208],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,157203,116],{"class":98},[84,157205,103],{"class":102},[84,157207,75545],{"class":121},[84,157209,110],{"class":102},[84,157211,157212,157214,157216,157218],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,157213,116],{"class":98},[84,157215,103],{"class":102},[84,157217,36019],{"class":121},[84,157219,110],{"class":102},[24,157221,265],{},[75,157223,157225],{"className":77,"code":157224,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157226,157227,157255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157228,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157230,103],{"class":102},[84,157232,394],{"class":387},[84,157234,4634],{"class":391},[84,157236,394],{"class":387},[84,157238,282],{"class":102},[84,157240,388],{"class":387},[84,157242,9619],{"class":391},[84,157244,394],{"class":387},[84,157246,282],{"class":102},[84,157248,388],{"class":387},[84,157250,18651],{"class":391},[84,157252,394],{"class":387},[84,157254,110],{"class":102},[84,157256,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157258,103],{"class":102},[84,157260,394],{"class":387},[84,157262,419],{"class":391},[84,157264,394],{"class":387},[84,157266,282],{"class":102},[84,157268,388],{"class":387},[84,157270,4634],{"class":391},[84,157272,394],{"class":387},[84,157274,282],{"class":102},[84,157276,388],{"class":387},[84,157278,9619],{"class":391},[84,157280,394],{"class":387},[84,157282,282],{"class":102},[84,157284,388],{"class":387},[84,157286,18651],{"class":391},[84,157288,394],{"class":387},[84,157290,282],{"class":102},[84,157292,388],{"class":387},[84,157294,60314],{"class":391},[84,157296,394],{"class":387},[84,157298,110],{"class":102},[24,157300,157301,157302,425],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[419,157303,147686],{"href":157304},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[70,157306,157308],{"id":157307},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[24,157310,157311],{},"The full syntax is:",[75,157313,157315],{"className":77,"code":157314,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157316,157317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157318,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331,157333],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157320,147704],{"class":90},[84,157322,292],{"class":102},[84,157324,35949],{"class":90},[84,157326,881],{"class":102},[84,157328,75289],{"class":90},[84,157330,881],{"class":102},[84,157332,75292],{"class":90},[84,157334,317],{"class":102},[24,157336,157337],{},"Each part has a job:",[33,157339,157340,157345,157350],{},[36,157341,157342,157344],{},[15,157343,35949],{},": where slicing begins",[36,157346,157347,157349],{},[15,157348,75289],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[36,157351,157352,157354],{},[15,157353,75292],{},": how many positions to move each time",[24,157356,157357],{},"All three parts are optional.",[24,157359,190],{},[75,157361,157363],{"className":77,"code":157362,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157364,157365,157397,157401],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157366,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157368,91],{"class":90},[84,157370,95],{"class":94},[84,157372,9115],{"class":102},[84,157374,2212],{"class":106},[84,157376,282],{"class":102},[84,157378,7667],{"class":106},[84,157380,282],{"class":102},[84,157382,7672],{"class":106},[84,157384,282],{"class":102},[84,157386,50712],{"class":106},[84,157388,282],{"class":102},[84,157390,4954],{"class":106},[84,157392,282],{"class":102},[84,157394,75963],{"class":106},[84,157396,110],{"class":102},[84,157398,157399],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157400,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157402,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157404,116],{"class":98},[84,157406,103],{"class":102},[84,157408,122],{"class":121},[84,157410,292],{"class":102},[84,157412,838],{"class":106},[84,157414,881],{"class":102},[84,157416,107],{"class":106},[84,157418,881],{"class":102},[84,157420,568],{"class":106},[84,157422,741],{"class":102},[24,157424,265],{},[75,157426,157428],{"className":77,"code":157427,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157429,157430],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157431,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157433,103],{"class":102},[84,157435,15636],{"class":106},[84,157437,282],{"class":102},[84,157439,50712],{"class":106},[84,157441,110],{"class":102},[24,157443,157444,157445,157447,157448,157450,157451,425],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157446,838],{},", stops before index ",[15,157449,107],{},", and moves by ",[15,157452,568],{},[24,157454,157455,157456,425],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[419,157457,149359],{"href":152785},[70,157459,75879],{"id":75878},[24,157461,157462],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1667,157464,157466,157467,5839],{"id":157465},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157468,75893],{},[75,157470,157472],{"className":77,"code":157471,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157473,157474,157502,157506],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157475,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157477,91],{"class":90},[84,157479,95],{"class":94},[84,157481,9115],{"class":102},[84,157483,2212],{"class":106},[84,157485,282],{"class":102},[84,157487,7667],{"class":106},[84,157489,282],{"class":102},[84,157491,7672],{"class":106},[84,157493,282],{"class":102},[84,157495,50712],{"class":106},[84,157497,282],{"class":102},[84,157499,4954],{"class":106},[84,157501,110],{"class":102},[84,157503,157504],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157505,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157507,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157509,116],{"class":98},[84,157511,103],{"class":102},[84,157513,122],{"class":121},[84,157515,75398],{"class":102},[84,157517,1162],{"class":106},[84,157519,741],{"class":102},[24,157521,265],{},[75,157523,157524],{"className":77,"code":151051,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,157525,157526],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157527,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157529,103],{"class":102},[84,157531,2212],{"class":106},[84,157533,282],{"class":102},[84,157535,7667],{"class":106},[84,157537,282],{"class":102},[84,157539,7672],{"class":106},[84,157541,110],{"class":102},[1667,157543,157545],{"id":157544},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[75,157547,157549],{"className":77,"code":157548,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157550,157551,157579,157583],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157552,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157554,91],{"class":90},[84,157556,95],{"class":94},[84,157558,9115],{"class":102},[84,157560,2212],{"class":106},[84,157562,282],{"class":102},[84,157564,7667],{"class":106},[84,157566,282],{"class":102},[84,157568,7672],{"class":106},[84,157570,282],{"class":102},[84,157572,50712],{"class":106},[84,157574,282],{"class":102},[84,157576,4954],{"class":106},[84,157578,110],{"class":102},[84,157580,157581],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157582,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157584,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157586,116],{"class":98},[84,157588,103],{"class":102},[84,157590,122],{"class":121},[84,157592,292],{"class":102},[84,157594,568],{"class":106},[84,157596,77579],{"class":102},[24,157598,265],{},[75,157600,157602],{"className":77,"code":157601,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157603,157604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157605,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157607,103],{"class":102},[84,157609,36713],{"class":106},[84,157611,282],{"class":102},[84,157613,50712],{"class":106},[84,157615,282],{"class":102},[84,157617,4954],{"class":106},[84,157619,110],{"class":102},[1667,157621,157623],{"id":157622},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[75,157625,157627],{"className":77,"code":157626,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157628,157629,157657,157661],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157630,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157632,91],{"class":90},[84,157634,95],{"class":94},[84,157636,9115],{"class":102},[84,157638,2212],{"class":106},[84,157640,282],{"class":102},[84,157642,7667],{"class":106},[84,157644,282],{"class":102},[84,157646,7672],{"class":106},[84,157648,282],{"class":102},[84,157650,50712],{"class":106},[84,157652,282],{"class":102},[84,157654,4954],{"class":106},[84,157656,110],{"class":102},[84,157658,157659],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157660,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157662,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157664,116],{"class":98},[84,157666,103],{"class":102},[84,157668,122],{"class":121},[84,157670,292],{"class":102},[84,157672,838],{"class":106},[84,157674,881],{"class":102},[84,157676,2386],{"class":106},[84,157678,741],{"class":102},[24,157680,265],{},[75,157682,157684],{"className":77,"code":157683,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157685,157686],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157687,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157689,103],{"class":102},[84,157691,15636],{"class":106},[84,157693,282],{"class":102},[84,157695,7672],{"class":106},[84,157697,282],{"class":102},[84,157699,50712],{"class":106},[84,157701,110],{"class":102},[1667,157703,157705],{"id":157704},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[75,157707,157709],{"className":77,"code":157708,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157710,157711,157743,157747],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157712,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157714,91],{"class":90},[84,157716,95],{"class":94},[84,157718,9115],{"class":102},[84,157720,2212],{"class":106},[84,157722,282],{"class":102},[84,157724,7667],{"class":106},[84,157726,282],{"class":102},[84,157728,7672],{"class":106},[84,157730,282],{"class":102},[84,157732,50712],{"class":106},[84,157734,282],{"class":102},[84,157736,4954],{"class":106},[84,157738,282],{"class":102},[84,157740,75963],{"class":106},[84,157742,110],{"class":102},[84,157744,157745],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157746,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157748,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157750,116],{"class":98},[84,157752,103],{"class":102},[84,157754,122],{"class":121},[84,157756,73985],{"class":102},[84,157758,568],{"class":106},[84,157760,741],{"class":102},[24,157762,265],{},[75,157764,157766],{"className":77,"code":157765,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157767,157768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157769,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157771,103],{"class":102},[84,157773,2212],{"class":106},[84,157775,282],{"class":102},[84,157777,7672],{"class":106},[84,157779,282],{"class":102},[84,157781,4954],{"class":106},[84,157783,110],{"class":102},[1667,157785,157787],{"id":157786},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[75,157789,157791],{"className":77,"code":157790,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157792,157793,157821,157825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157794,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157796,91],{"class":90},[84,157798,95],{"class":94},[84,157800,9115],{"class":102},[84,157802,2212],{"class":106},[84,157804,282],{"class":102},[84,157806,7667],{"class":106},[84,157808,282],{"class":102},[84,157810,7672],{"class":106},[84,157812,282],{"class":102},[84,157814,50712],{"class":106},[84,157816,282],{"class":102},[84,157818,4954],{"class":106},[84,157820,110],{"class":102},[84,157822,157823],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157824,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157826,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157828,116],{"class":98},[84,157830,103],{"class":102},[84,157832,122],{"class":121},[84,157834,73985],{"class":102},[84,157836,1906],{"class":94},[84,157838,838],{"class":106},[84,157840,741],{"class":102},[24,157842,265],{},[75,157844,157846],{"className":77,"code":157845,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157847,157848],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157849,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157851,103],{"class":102},[84,157853,76657],{"class":106},[84,157855,282],{"class":102},[84,157857,50712],{"class":106},[84,157859,282],{"class":102},[84,157861,7672],{"class":106},[84,157863,282],{"class":102},[84,157865,7667],{"class":106},[84,157867,282],{"class":102},[84,157869,573],{"class":106},[84,157871,110],{"class":102},[70,157873,76173],{"id":76172},[24,157875,154058],{},[24,157877,157878],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1667,157880,157882],{"id":157881},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[75,157884,157886],{"className":77,"code":157885,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157887,157888,157920,157924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157889,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157891,91],{"class":90},[84,157893,95],{"class":94},[84,157895,9115],{"class":102},[84,157897,2212],{"class":106},[84,157899,282],{"class":102},[84,157901,7667],{"class":106},[84,157903,282],{"class":102},[84,157905,7672],{"class":106},[84,157907,282],{"class":102},[84,157909,50712],{"class":106},[84,157911,282],{"class":102},[84,157913,4954],{"class":106},[84,157915,282],{"class":102},[84,157917,75963],{"class":106},[84,157919,110],{"class":102},[84,157921,157922],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,157923,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,157925,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,157927,116],{"class":98},[84,157929,103],{"class":102},[84,157931,122],{"class":121},[84,157933,292],{"class":102},[84,157935,1906],{"class":94},[84,157937,1162],{"class":106},[84,157939,77579],{"class":102},[24,157941,265],{},[75,157943,157945],{"className":77,"code":157944,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157946,157947],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157948,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157950,103],{"class":102},[84,157952,56560],{"class":106},[84,157954,282],{"class":102},[84,157956,4954],{"class":106},[84,157958,282],{"class":102},[84,157960,75963],{"class":106},[84,157962,110],{"class":102},[1667,157964,157966],{"id":157965},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[75,157968,157970],{"className":77,"code":157969,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157971,157972,158000,158004],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157973,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157975,91],{"class":90},[84,157977,95],{"class":94},[84,157979,9115],{"class":102},[84,157981,2212],{"class":106},[84,157983,282],{"class":102},[84,157985,7667],{"class":106},[84,157987,282],{"class":102},[84,157989,7672],{"class":106},[84,157991,282],{"class":102},[84,157993,50712],{"class":106},[84,157995,282],{"class":102},[84,157997,4954],{"class":106},[84,157999,110],{"class":102},[84,158001,158002],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158003,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158005,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158007,116],{"class":98},[84,158009,103],{"class":102},[84,158011,122],{"class":121},[84,158013,75398],{"class":102},[84,158015,1906],{"class":94},[84,158017,838],{"class":106},[84,158019,741],{"class":102},[24,158021,265],{},[75,158023,158025],{"className":77,"code":158024,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158026,158027],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158028,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158030,103],{"class":102},[84,158032,2212],{"class":106},[84,158034,282],{"class":102},[84,158036,7667],{"class":106},[84,158038,282],{"class":102},[84,158040,7672],{"class":106},[84,158042,282],{"class":102},[84,158044,50712],{"class":106},[84,158046,110],{"class":102},[24,158048,158049,158050,425],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[419,158051,150608],{"href":156942},[70,158053,158055],{"id":158054},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[24,158057,1862,158058,158060],{},[15,158059,75292],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[33,158062,158063,158065,158067,158073],{},[36,158064,76429],{},[36,158066,76432],{},[36,158068,158069,158072],{},[15,158070,158071],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[36,158074,158075,158076,158078],{},"A step of ",[15,158077,279],{}," is not allowed",[24,158080,158081],{},"Example with a positive step:",[75,158083,158085],{"className":77,"code":158084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158086,158087,158119,158123],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158088,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158090,91],{"class":90},[84,158092,95],{"class":94},[84,158094,9115],{"class":102},[84,158096,2212],{"class":106},[84,158098,282],{"class":102},[84,158100,7667],{"class":106},[84,158102,282],{"class":102},[84,158104,7672],{"class":106},[84,158106,282],{"class":102},[84,158108,50712],{"class":106},[84,158110,282],{"class":102},[84,158112,4954],{"class":106},[84,158114,282],{"class":102},[84,158116,75963],{"class":106},[84,158118,110],{"class":102},[84,158120,158121],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158122,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158124,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158126,116],{"class":98},[84,158128,103],{"class":102},[84,158130,122],{"class":121},[84,158132,292],{"class":102},[84,158134,838],{"class":106},[84,158136,881],{"class":102},[84,158138,617],{"class":106},[84,158140,881],{"class":102},[84,158142,568],{"class":106},[84,158144,741],{"class":102},[24,158146,265],{},[75,158148,158150],{"className":77,"code":158149,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158151,158152],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158153,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158155,103],{"class":102},[84,158157,15636],{"class":106},[84,158159,282],{"class":102},[84,158161,50712],{"class":106},[84,158163,282],{"class":102},[84,158165,75963],{"class":106},[84,158167,110],{"class":102},[24,158169,158170],{},"Example with a negative step:",[75,158172,158174],{"className":77,"code":158173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158175,158176,158204,158208],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158177,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158179,91],{"class":90},[84,158181,95],{"class":94},[84,158183,9115],{"class":102},[84,158185,2212],{"class":106},[84,158187,282],{"class":102},[84,158189,7667],{"class":106},[84,158191,282],{"class":102},[84,158193,7672],{"class":106},[84,158195,282],{"class":102},[84,158197,50712],{"class":106},[84,158199,282],{"class":102},[84,158201,4954],{"class":106},[84,158203,110],{"class":102},[84,158205,158206],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158207,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158209,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158211,116],{"class":98},[84,158213,103],{"class":102},[84,158215,122],{"class":121},[84,158217,292],{"class":102},[84,158219,2386],{"class":106},[84,158221,881],{"class":102},[84,158223,838],{"class":106},[84,158225,881],{"class":102},[84,158227,1906],{"class":94},[84,158229,838],{"class":106},[84,158231,741],{"class":102},[24,158233,265],{},[75,158235,158237],{"className":77,"code":158236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158238,158239],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158240,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158242,103],{"class":102},[84,158244,76657],{"class":106},[84,158246,282],{"class":102},[84,158248,50712],{"class":106},[84,158250,282],{"class":102},[84,158252,7672],{"class":106},[84,158254,110],{"class":102},[24,158256,158257],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[75,158259,158261],{"className":77,"code":158260,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158262,158263,158283,158287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158264,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158266,91],{"class":90},[84,158268,95],{"class":94},[84,158270,9115],{"class":102},[84,158272,2212],{"class":106},[84,158274,282],{"class":102},[84,158276,7667],{"class":106},[84,158278,282],{"class":102},[84,158280,7672],{"class":106},[84,158282,110],{"class":102},[84,158284,158285],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158286,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158288,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158290,116],{"class":98},[84,158292,103],{"class":102},[84,158294,122],{"class":121},[84,158296,73985],{"class":102},[84,158298,279],{"class":106},[84,158300,741],{"class":102},[24,158302,158303],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[70,158305,158307],{"id":158306},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[24,158309,158310,158311,33619],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[42,158312,48821],{},[1667,158314,158316],{"id":158315},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[75,158318,158320],{"className":77,"code":158319,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158321,158322,158346,158350,158368,158372,158382],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158323,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158325,91],{"class":90},[84,158327,95],{"class":94},[84,158329,9115],{"class":102},[84,158331,2212],{"class":106},[84,158333,282],{"class":102},[84,158335,7667],{"class":106},[84,158337,282],{"class":102},[84,158339,7672],{"class":106},[84,158341,282],{"class":102},[84,158343,50712],{"class":106},[84,158345,110],{"class":102},[84,158347,158348],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158349,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158351,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158353,2110],{"class":90},[84,158355,95],{"class":94},[84,158357,4137],{"class":90},[84,158359,292],{"class":102},[84,158361,838],{"class":106},[84,158363,881],{"class":102},[84,158365,1162],{"class":106},[84,158367,317],{"class":102},[84,158369,158370],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,158371,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158373,158374,158376,158378,158380],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,158375,116],{"class":98},[84,158377,103],{"class":102},[84,158379,2145],{"class":121},[84,158381,110],{"class":102},[84,158383,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,158385,116],{"class":98},[84,158387,103],{"class":102},[84,158389,334],{"class":139},[84,158391,103],{"class":102},[84,158393,2145],{"class":121},[84,158395,232],{"class":102},[24,158397,265],{},[75,158399,158401],{"className":77,"code":158400,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158402,158403,158415],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158404,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158406,103],{"class":102},[84,158408,15636],{"class":106},[84,158410,282],{"class":102},[84,158412,7672],{"class":106},[84,158414,110],{"class":102},[84,158416,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158418,380],{"class":94},[84,158420,384],{"class":383},[84,158422,388],{"class":387},[84,158424,48821],{"class":391},[84,158426,394],{"class":387},[84,158428,397],{"class":94},[1667,158430,158432],{"id":158431},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[75,158434,158436],{"className":77,"code":158435,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158437,158438,158458,158462,158480,158484,158494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158439,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158441,91],{"class":90},[84,158443,95],{"class":94},[84,158445,9115],{"class":102},[84,158447,2212],{"class":106},[84,158449,282],{"class":102},[84,158451,7667],{"class":106},[84,158453,282],{"class":102},[84,158455,7672],{"class":106},[84,158457,110],{"class":102},[84,158459,158460],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158461,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158463,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158465,2110],{"class":90},[84,158467,95],{"class":94},[84,158469,4137],{"class":90},[84,158471,292],{"class":102},[84,158473,838],{"class":106},[84,158475,881],{"class":102},[84,158477,568],{"class":106},[84,158479,317],{"class":102},[84,158481,158482],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,158483,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158485,158486,158488,158490,158492],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,158487,116],{"class":98},[84,158489,103],{"class":102},[84,158491,2145],{"class":121},[84,158493,110],{"class":102},[84,158495,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,158497,116],{"class":98},[84,158499,103],{"class":102},[84,158501,334],{"class":139},[84,158503,103],{"class":102},[84,158505,2145],{"class":121},[84,158507,232],{"class":102},[24,158509,265],{},[75,158511,158513],{"className":77,"code":158512,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158514,158515,158523],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158516,158517,158519,158521],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158518,103],{"class":102},[84,158520,15636],{"class":106},[84,158522,149042],{"class":102},[84,158524,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158526,380],{"class":94},[84,158528,384],{"class":383},[84,158530,388],{"class":387},[84,158532,48821],{"class":391},[84,158534,394],{"class":387},[84,158536,397],{"class":94},[1667,158538,158540],{"id":158539},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[75,158542,158544],{"className":77,"code":158543,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158545,158546,158566,158570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158547,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158549,91],{"class":90},[84,158551,95],{"class":94},[84,158553,9115],{"class":102},[84,158555,2212],{"class":106},[84,158557,282],{"class":102},[84,158559,7667],{"class":106},[84,158561,282],{"class":102},[84,158563,7672],{"class":106},[84,158565,110],{"class":102},[84,158567,158568],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158569,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158571,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158573,116],{"class":98},[84,158575,103],{"class":102},[84,158577,122],{"class":121},[84,158579,292],{"class":102},[84,158581,107],{"class":106},[84,158583,881],{"class":102},[84,158585,2227],{"class":106},[84,158587,741],{"class":102},[24,158589,265],{},[75,158591,158592],{"className":77,"code":8520,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,158593,158594],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158595,158596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158597,8520],{"class":102},[24,158599,158600,158601,425],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[419,158602,155778],{"href":150665},[70,158604,158606],{"id":158605},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[24,158608,158609],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,158611,158612,158614,158617,158622],{},[36,158613,76738],{},[36,158615,158616],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[36,158618,158619,158620],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158621,70594],{},[36,158623,158624],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[24,158626,190],{},[75,158628,158630],{"className":77,"code":158629,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158631,158632,158652,158656,158673,158694],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158633,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158635,91],{"class":90},[84,158637,95],{"class":94},[84,158639,9115],{"class":102},[84,158641,2212],{"class":106},[84,158643,282],{"class":102},[84,158645,7667],{"class":106},[84,158647,282],{"class":102},[84,158649,7672],{"class":106},[84,158651,110],{"class":102},[84,158653,158654],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158655,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158657,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158659,116],{"class":98},[84,158661,103],{"class":102},[84,158663,122],{"class":121},[84,158665,292],{"class":102},[84,158667,838],{"class":106},[84,158669,20330],{"class":102},[84,158671,158672],{"class":128},"    # one item\n",[84,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,158676,116],{"class":98},[84,158678,103],{"class":102},[84,158680,122],{"class":121},[84,158682,292],{"class":102},[84,158684,838],{"class":106},[84,158686,881],{"class":102},[84,158688,107],{"class":106},[84,158690,20330],{"class":102},[84,158692,158693],{"class":128},"  # slice\n",[84,158695,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,158697,116],{"class":98},[84,158699,103],{"class":102},[84,158701,122],{"class":121},[84,158703,292],{"class":102},[84,158705,107],{"class":106},[84,158707,881],{"class":102},[84,158709,2227],{"class":106},[84,158711,20330],{"class":102},[84,158713,158714],{"class":128},"  # empty slice\n",[24,158716,265],{},[75,158718,158720],{"className":77,"code":158719,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158721,158722,158726,158738],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158723,158724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158725,71087],{"class":106},[84,158727,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158729,103],{"class":102},[84,158731,15636],{"class":106},[84,158733,282],{"class":102},[84,158735,7672],{"class":106},[84,158737,110],{"class":102},[84,158739,158740],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158741,8520],{"class":102},[24,158743,158744],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[75,158746,158748],{"className":77,"code":158747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158749,158750,158770,158774],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158751,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158753,91],{"class":90},[84,158755,95],{"class":94},[84,158757,9115],{"class":102},[84,158759,2212],{"class":106},[84,158761,282],{"class":102},[84,158763,7667],{"class":106},[84,158765,282],{"class":102},[84,158767,7672],{"class":106},[84,158769,110],{"class":102},[84,158771,158772],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158773,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158775,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158777,116],{"class":98},[84,158779,103],{"class":102},[84,158781,122],{"class":121},[84,158783,292],{"class":102},[84,158785,107],{"class":106},[84,158787,741],{"class":102},[24,158789,158790,158791,158793,158794,425],{},"This raises an ",[15,158792,70594],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[419,158795,154531],{"href":158796},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[70,158798,15060],{"id":77005},[24,158800,158801],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[33,158803,158804,158807,158809,158812],{},[36,158805,158806],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[36,158808,60558],{},[36,158810,158811],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[36,158813,158814,158815],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158816,279],{},[24,158818,158819],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1667,158821,158823],{"id":158822},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[75,158825,158826],{"className":77,"code":157626,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,158827,158828,158856,158860],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158829,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158831,91],{"class":90},[84,158833,95],{"class":94},[84,158835,9115],{"class":102},[84,158837,2212],{"class":106},[84,158839,282],{"class":102},[84,158841,7667],{"class":106},[84,158843,282],{"class":102},[84,158845,7672],{"class":106},[84,158847,282],{"class":102},[84,158849,50712],{"class":106},[84,158851,282],{"class":102},[84,158853,4954],{"class":106},[84,158855,110],{"class":102},[84,158857,158858],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158859,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158861,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158863,116],{"class":98},[84,158865,103],{"class":102},[84,158867,122],{"class":121},[84,158869,292],{"class":102},[84,158871,838],{"class":106},[84,158873,881],{"class":102},[84,158875,2386],{"class":106},[84,158877,741],{"class":102},[24,158879,265],{},[75,158881,158882],{"className":77,"code":157683,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,158883,158884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158885,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158887,103],{"class":102},[84,158889,15636],{"class":106},[84,158891,282],{"class":102},[84,158893,7672],{"class":106},[84,158895,282],{"class":102},[84,158897,50712],{"class":106},[84,158899,110],{"class":102},[24,158901,132110,158902,158904],{},[15,158903,2386],{}," is not included.",[1667,158906,158908],{"id":158907},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[24,158910,4400],{},[75,158912,158914],{"className":77,"code":158913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158915,158916,158940,158944],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158917,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932,158934,158936,158938],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158919,91],{"class":90},[84,158921,95],{"class":94},[84,158923,9115],{"class":102},[84,158925,2212],{"class":106},[84,158927,282],{"class":102},[84,158929,7667],{"class":106},[84,158931,282],{"class":102},[84,158933,7672],{"class":106},[84,158935,282],{"class":102},[84,158937,50712],{"class":106},[84,158939,110],{"class":102},[84,158941,158942],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158943,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158945,158946],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158947,158948],{"class":128},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[24,158950,158951],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[75,158953,158954],{"className":77,"code":154611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,158955,158956,158980,158984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976,158978],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158959,91],{"class":90},[84,158961,95],{"class":94},[84,158963,9115],{"class":102},[84,158965,2212],{"class":106},[84,158967,282],{"class":102},[84,158969,7667],{"class":106},[84,158971,282],{"class":102},[84,158973,7672],{"class":106},[84,158975,282],{"class":102},[84,158977,50712],{"class":106},[84,158979,110],{"class":102},[84,158981,158982],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,158983,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,158985,158986,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,158987,116],{"class":98},[84,158989,103],{"class":102},[84,158991,122],{"class":121},[84,158993,292],{"class":102},[84,158995,838],{"class":106},[84,158997,881],{"class":102},[84,158999,1162],{"class":106},[84,159001,741],{"class":102},[1667,159003,159005],{"id":159004},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[75,159007,159009],{"className":77,"code":159008,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159010,159011,159035,159039,159054,159058,159069],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159012,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027,159029,159031,159033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159014,91],{"class":90},[84,159016,95],{"class":94},[84,159018,9115],{"class":102},[84,159020,2212],{"class":106},[84,159022,282],{"class":102},[84,159024,7667],{"class":106},[84,159026,282],{"class":102},[84,159028,7672],{"class":106},[84,159030,282],{"class":102},[84,159032,50712],{"class":106},[84,159034,110],{"class":102},[84,159036,159037],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159038,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,159040,159041,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,159042,159043],{"class":90},"slice_result ",[84,159045,95],{"class":94},[84,159047,4137],{"class":90},[84,159049,75398],{"class":102},[84,159051,568],{"class":106},[84,159053,317],{"class":102},[84,159055,159056],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,159057,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,159059,159060,159062,159064,159067],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,159061,116],{"class":98},[84,159063,103],{"class":102},[84,159065,159066],{"class":121},"slice_result",[84,159068,110],{"class":102},[84,159070,159071,159073,159075,159077],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,159072,116],{"class":98},[84,159074,103],{"class":102},[84,159076,122],{"class":121},[84,159078,110],{"class":102},[24,159080,265],{},[75,159082,159084],{"className":77,"code":159083,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159085,159086,159098],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159087,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159089,103],{"class":102},[84,159091,2212],{"class":106},[84,159093,282],{"class":102},[84,159095,7667],{"class":106},[84,159097,110],{"class":102},[84,159099,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159101,103],{"class":102},[84,159103,2212],{"class":106},[84,159105,282],{"class":102},[84,159107,7667],{"class":106},[84,159109,282],{"class":102},[84,159111,7672],{"class":106},[84,159113,282],{"class":102},[84,159115,50712],{"class":106},[84,159117,110],{"class":102},[24,159119,159120],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[70,159122,113424],{"id":113423},[24,159124,159125],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[33,159127,159128,159131,159134,159140,159143],{},[36,159129,159130],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[36,159132,159133],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[36,159135,159136,159137],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159138,159139],{},"tuple[::0]",[36,159141,159142],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[36,159144,159145],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[24,159147,159148],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[75,159150,159152],{"className":77,"code":159151,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159153,159154,159164,159182,159204],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159155,159156,159158,159160,159162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159157,116],{"class":98},[84,159159,103],{"class":102},[84,159161,147704],{"class":121},[84,159163,110],{"class":102},[84,159165,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159167,116],{"class":98},[84,159169,103],{"class":102},[84,159171,147704],{"class":121},[84,159173,292],{"class":102},[84,159175,838],{"class":106},[84,159177,881],{"class":102},[84,159179,2386],{"class":106},[84,159181,741],{"class":102},[84,159183,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198,159200,159202],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,159185,116],{"class":98},[84,159187,103],{"class":102},[84,159189,334],{"class":139},[84,159191,103],{"class":102},[84,159193,147704],{"class":121},[84,159195,292],{"class":102},[84,159197,838],{"class":106},[84,159199,881],{"class":102},[84,159201,2386],{"class":106},[84,159203,2878],{"class":102},[84,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,159207,116],{"class":98},[84,159209,103],{"class":102},[84,159211,602],{"class":98},[84,159213,103],{"class":102},[84,159215,147704],{"class":121},[84,159217,232],{"class":102},[24,159219,11049],{},[33,159221,159222,159224,159227,159230],{},[36,159223,154918],{},[36,159225,159226],{},"what the slice actually returns",[36,159228,159229],{},"that the result is a tuple",[36,159231,159232],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[70,159234,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,159236,159238],{"id":159237},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[24,159240,159241],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1667,159243,159245],{"id":159244},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[24,159247,159248],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1667,159250,5016,159252,39831],{"id":159251},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159253,158071],{},[24,159255,159256],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1667,159258,159260,159261,1689],{"id":159259},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159262,70594],{},[24,159264,159265,159266,425],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159267,70594],{},[70,159269,1777],{"id":1776},[33,159271,159272,159276,159280,159284,159288],{},[36,159273,159274],{},[419,159275,155778],{"href":150665},[36,159277,159278],{},[419,159279,149359],{"href":152785},[36,159281,159282],{},[419,159283,150608],{"href":156942},[36,159285,159286],{},[419,159287,147686],{"href":157304},[36,159289,159290],{},[419,159291,154531],{"href":158796},[1814,159293,159294],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":159296},[159297,159298,159299,159300,159308,159312,159313,159318,159319,159324,159325,159333],{"id":1886,"depth":113,"text":1887},{"id":157104,"depth":113,"text":157105},{"id":157307,"depth":113,"text":157308},{"id":75878,"depth":113,"text":75879,"children":159301},[159302,159304,159305,159306,159307],{"id":157465,"depth":132,"text":159303},"Get the first n items",{"id":157544,"depth":132,"text":157545},{"id":157622,"depth":132,"text":157623},{"id":157704,"depth":132,"text":157705},{"id":157786,"depth":132,"text":157787},{"id":76172,"depth":113,"text":76173,"children":159309},[159310,159311],{"id":157881,"depth":132,"text":157882},{"id":157965,"depth":132,"text":157966},{"id":158054,"depth":113,"text":158055},{"id":158306,"depth":113,"text":158307,"children":159314},[159315,159316,159317],{"id":158315,"depth":132,"text":158316},{"id":158431,"depth":132,"text":158432},{"id":158539,"depth":132,"text":158540},{"id":158605,"depth":113,"text":158606},{"id":77005,"depth":113,"text":15060,"children":159320},[159321,159322,159323],{"id":158822,"depth":132,"text":158823},{"id":158907,"depth":132,"text":158908},{"id":159004,"depth":132,"text":159005},{"id":113423,"depth":113,"text":113424},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":159326},[159327,159328,159329,159331],{"id":159237,"depth":132,"text":159238},{"id":159244,"depth":132,"text":159245},{"id":159251,"depth":132,"text":159330},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159259,"depth":132,"text":159332},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156948,"description":159334},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159341,"title":159342,"body":159343,"description":161166,"extension":1845,"meta":161167,"navigation":237,"path":34686,"seo":161168,"stem":161169,"__hash__":161170},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159344,"toc":161132},[159345,159350,159355,159359,159377,159380,159395,159401,159403,159460,159462,159494,159506,159512,159517,159520,159555,159561,159563,159566,159580,159583,159585,159608,159610,159628,159631,159647,159649,159652,159765,159767,159856,159859,159864,159870,159873,159876,159975,159977,160036,160041,160044,160113,160117,160149,160165,160170,160177,160184,160196,160198,160247,160249,160272,160278,160326,160331,160338,160346,160352,160355,160379,160382,160384,160460,160462,160487,160493,160496,160501,160505,160519,160521,160584,160586,160618,160621,160637,160639,160645,160652,160654,160673,160675,160693,160700,160705,160712,160714,160751,160754,160761,160765,160768,160826,160829,160832,160887,160889,160901,160907,160909,160913,160946,160953,160955,161018,161021,161023,161028,161042,161049,161057,161066,161075,161081,161087,161089,161129],[10,159346,13,159348,3456],{"id":159347},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159349,2183],{},[24,159351,32194,159352,159354],{},[15,159353,2183],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[24,159356,62632,159357,104268],{},[15,159358,2183],{},[33,159360,159361,159364,159367,159370],{},[36,159362,159363],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[36,159365,159366],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[36,159368,159369],{},"debug confusing code",[36,159371,159372,159373],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[419,159374,159375],{"href":8096},[15,159376,2837],{},[24,159378,159379],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[75,159381,159383],{"className":77,"code":159382,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"type(object)\n",[15,159384,159385],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159386,159387,159389,159391,159393],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159388,334],{"class":139},[84,159390,103],{"class":102},[84,159392,42270],{"class":139},[84,159394,110],{"class":102},[24,159396,159397,159398,159400],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159399,2183],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[70,159402,73],{"id":72},[75,159404,159406],{"className":77,"code":159405,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159407,159408,159420,159434,159438,159446],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159409,159410,159412,159414,159416,159418],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159411,7754],{"class":90},[84,159413,95],{"class":94},[84,159415,3230],{"class":387},[84,159417,4877],{"class":391},[84,159419,3236],{"class":387},[84,159421,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159423,116],{"class":98},[84,159425,103],{"class":102},[84,159427,334],{"class":139},[84,159429,103],{"class":102},[84,159431,7544],{"class":121},[84,159433,232],{"class":102},[84,159435,159436],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,159437,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,159439,159440,159442,159444],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,159441,2097],{"class":90},[84,159443,95],{"class":94},[84,159445,2468],{"class":106},[84,159447,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456,159458],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,159449,116],{"class":98},[84,159451,103],{"class":102},[84,159453,334],{"class":139},[84,159455,103],{"class":102},[84,159457,2120],{"class":121},[84,159459,232],{"class":102},[24,159461,265],{},[75,159463,159464],{"className":77,"code":124771,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,159465,159466,159480],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159467,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159469,380],{"class":94},[84,159471,384],{"class":383},[84,159473,388],{"class":387},[84,159475,3321],{"class":391},[84,159477,394],{"class":387},[84,159479,397],{"class":94},[84,159481,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159483,380],{"class":94},[84,159485,384],{"class":383},[84,159487,388],{"class":387},[84,159489,2070],{"class":391},[84,159491,394],{"class":387},[84,159493,397],{"class":94},[24,159495,153,159496,159499,159500,28,159503,425],{},[15,159497,159498],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159501,159502],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159504,159505],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[70,159507,12879,159509,159511],{"id":159508},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159510,2183],{}," function does",[24,159513,159514,159516],{},[15,159515,2183],{}," returns the type of an object.",[24,159518,159519],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[33,159521,159522,159527,159532,159537,159542,159547],{},[36,159523,159524,159526],{},[15,159525,3321],{}," for text",[36,159528,159529,159531],{},[15,159530,2070],{}," for whole numbers",[36,159533,159534,159536],{},[15,159535,2073],{}," for decimal numbers",[36,159538,159539,159541],{},[15,159540,140],{}," for lists",[36,159543,159544,159546],{},[15,159545,8699],{}," for dictionaries",[36,159548,159549,68959,159551,28,159553],{},[15,159550,3743],{},[15,159552,3481],{},[15,159554,3548],{},[24,159556,159557,159558,159560],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159559,2183],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[70,159562,2038],{"id":2037},[24,159564,159565],{},"The main beginner form is:",[75,159567,159568],{"className":77,"code":159382,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,159569,159570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159571,159572,159574,159576,159578],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159573,334],{"class":139},[84,159575,103],{"class":102},[84,159577,42270],{"class":139},[84,159579,110],{"class":102},[24,159581,159582],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[24,159584,190],{},[75,159586,159588],{"className":77,"code":159587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159589,159590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159591,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159593,116],{"class":98},[84,159595,103],{"class":102},[84,159597,334],{"class":139},[84,159599,103],{"class":102},[84,159601,854],{"class":387},[84,159603,3721],{"class":391},[84,159605,854],{"class":387},[84,159607,232],{"class":102},[24,159609,265],{},[75,159611,159612],{"className":77,"code":45642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,159613,159614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159615,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159626],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159617,380],{"class":94},[84,159619,384],{"class":383},[84,159621,388],{"class":387},[84,159623,3321],{"class":391},[84,159625,394],{"class":387},[84,159627,397],{"class":94},[24,159629,159630],{},"You can pass either:",[33,159632,159633,159640],{},[36,159634,159635,159636,2759,159638],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159637,64399],{},[15,159639,46397],{},[36,159641,159642,159643,2759,159645],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159644,7544],{},[15,159646,9178],{},[70,159648,121583],{"id":121582},[24,159650,159651],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[75,159653,159655],{"className":77,"code":159654,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159656,159657,159675,159689,159703,159725,159751],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159658,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669,159671,159673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159660,116],{"class":98},[84,159662,103],{"class":102},[84,159664,334],{"class":139},[84,159666,103],{"class":102},[84,159668,854],{"class":387},[84,159670,3721],{"class":391},[84,159672,854],{"class":387},[84,159674,232],{"class":102},[84,159676,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159678,116],{"class":98},[84,159680,103],{"class":102},[84,159682,334],{"class":139},[84,159684,103],{"class":102},[84,159686,2212],{"class":106},[84,159688,232],{"class":102},[84,159690,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699,159701],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,159692,116],{"class":98},[84,159694,103],{"class":102},[84,159696,334],{"class":139},[84,159698,103],{"class":102},[84,159700,40014],{"class":106},[84,159702,232],{"class":102},[84,159704,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,159706,116],{"class":98},[84,159708,103],{"class":102},[84,159710,334],{"class":139},[84,159712,2865],{"class":102},[84,159714,838],{"class":106},[84,159716,282],{"class":102},[84,159718,304],{"class":106},[84,159720,282],{"class":102},[84,159722,309],{"class":106},[84,159724,2878],{"class":102},[84,159726,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,159728,116],{"class":98},[84,159730,103],{"class":102},[84,159732,334],{"class":139},[84,159734,5403],{"class":102},[84,159736,854],{"class":387},[84,159738,7544],{"class":391},[84,159740,854],{"class":387},[84,159742,881],{"class":102},[84,159744,3230],{"class":387},[84,159746,4877],{"class":391},[84,159748,854],{"class":387},[84,159750,5412],{"class":102},[84,159752,159753,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,159754,116],{"class":98},[84,159756,103],{"class":102},[84,159758,334],{"class":139},[84,159760,103],{"class":102},[84,159762,3481],{"class":659},[84,159764,232],{"class":102},[24,159766,265],{},[75,159768,159770],{"className":77,"code":159769,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159771,159772,159786,159800,159814,159828,159842],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159773,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159775,380],{"class":94},[84,159777,384],{"class":383},[84,159779,388],{"class":387},[84,159781,3321],{"class":391},[84,159783,394],{"class":387},[84,159785,397],{"class":94},[84,159787,159788,159790,159792,159794,159796,159798],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159789,380],{"class":94},[84,159791,384],{"class":383},[84,159793,388],{"class":387},[84,159795,2070],{"class":391},[84,159797,394],{"class":387},[84,159799,397],{"class":94},[84,159801,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,159803,380],{"class":94},[84,159805,384],{"class":383},[84,159807,388],{"class":387},[84,159809,2073],{"class":391},[84,159811,394],{"class":387},[84,159813,397],{"class":94},[84,159815,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,159817,380],{"class":94},[84,159819,384],{"class":383},[84,159821,388],{"class":387},[84,159823,140],{"class":391},[84,159825,394],{"class":387},[84,159827,397],{"class":94},[84,159829,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,159831,380],{"class":94},[84,159833,384],{"class":383},[84,159835,388],{"class":387},[84,159837,8699],{"class":391},[84,159839,394],{"class":387},[84,159841,397],{"class":94},[84,159843,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,159845,380],{"class":94},[84,159847,384],{"class":383},[84,159849,388],{"class":387},[84,159851,3743],{"class":391},[84,159853,394],{"class":387},[84,159855,397],{"class":94},[24,159857,159858],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[24,159860,159861,159862,425],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[419,159863,44670],{"href":48846},[70,159865,1442,159867,159869],{"id":159866},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159868,2183],{}," with variables",[24,159871,159872],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[24,159874,159875],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[75,159877,159879],{"className":77,"code":159878,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159880,159881,159889,159907,159911,159923,159941,159945,159957],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159882,159883,159885,159887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159884,2329],{"class":90},[84,159886,95],{"class":94},[84,159888,2468],{"class":106},[84,159890,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,159892,116],{"class":98},[84,159894,103],{"class":102},[84,159896,2354],{"class":121},[84,159898,282],{"class":102},[84,159900,49258],{"class":139},[84,159902,103],{"class":102},[84,159904,2354],{"class":121},[84,159906,232],{"class":102},[84,159908,159909],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,159910,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,159912,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,159914,2329],{"class":90},[84,159916,95],{"class":94},[84,159918,3230],{"class":387},[84,159920,45779],{"class":391},[84,159922,3236],{"class":387},[84,159924,159925,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,159926,116],{"class":98},[84,159928,103],{"class":102},[84,159930,2354],{"class":121},[84,159932,282],{"class":102},[84,159934,49258],{"class":139},[84,159936,103],{"class":102},[84,159938,2354],{"class":121},[84,159940,232],{"class":102},[84,159942,159943],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,159944,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,159946,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,159948,2329],{"class":90},[84,159950,95],{"class":94},[84,159952,3498],{"class":102},[84,159954,2212],{"class":106},[84,159956,317],{"class":102},[84,159958,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973],{"class":86,"line":6299},[84,159960,116],{"class":98},[84,159962,103],{"class":102},[84,159964,2354],{"class":121},[84,159966,282],{"class":102},[84,159968,49258],{"class":139},[84,159970,103],{"class":102},[84,159972,2354],{"class":121},[84,159974,232],{"class":102},[24,159976,265],{},[75,159978,159980],{"className":77,"code":159979,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159981,159982,159999,160016],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159983,159984,159986,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159985,2212],{"class":106},[84,159987,159988],{"class":94}," \u003C",[84,159990,384],{"class":383},[84,159992,388],{"class":387},[84,159994,2070],{"class":391},[84,159996,394],{"class":387},[84,159998,397],{"class":94},[84,160000,160001,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160002,160003],{"class":90},"ten ",[84,160005,380],{"class":94},[84,160007,384],{"class":383},[84,160009,388],{"class":387},[84,160011,3321],{"class":391},[84,160013,394],{"class":387},[84,160015,397],{"class":94},[84,160017,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160019,292],{"class":102},[84,160021,2212],{"class":106},[84,160023,13157],{"class":102},[84,160025,159988],{"class":94},[84,160027,384],{"class":383},[84,160029,388],{"class":387},[84,160031,140],{"class":391},[84,160033,394],{"class":387},[84,160035,397],{"class":94},[24,160037,160038,160040],{},[15,160039,2183],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[24,160042,160043],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[75,160045,160047],{"className":77,"code":160046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160048,160049,160067,160081,160085,160099],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160050,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063,160065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160052,3269],{"class":90},[84,160054,95],{"class":94},[84,160056,8119],{"class":98},[84,160058,103],{"class":102},[84,160060,854],{"class":387},[84,160062,41743],{"class":391},[84,160064,854],{"class":387},[84,160066,110],{"class":102},[84,160068,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160070,116],{"class":98},[84,160072,103],{"class":102},[84,160074,334],{"class":139},[84,160076,103],{"class":102},[84,160078,3295],{"class":121},[84,160080,232],{"class":102},[84,160082,160083],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160084,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,160086,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,160088,122695],{"class":90},[84,160090,95],{"class":94},[84,160092,45149],{"class":139},[84,160094,103],{"class":102},[84,160096,3295],{"class":121},[84,160098,110],{"class":102},[84,160100,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,160102,116],{"class":98},[84,160104,103],{"class":102},[84,160106,334],{"class":139},[84,160108,103],{"class":102},[84,160110,122718],{"class":121},[84,160112,232],{"class":102},[24,160114,40992,160115,40996],{},[15,160116,9072],{},[75,160118,160119],{"className":77,"code":124771,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,160120,160121,160135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160122,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131,160133],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160124,380],{"class":94},[84,160126,384],{"class":383},[84,160128,388],{"class":387},[84,160130,3321],{"class":391},[84,160132,394],{"class":387},[84,160134,397],{"class":94},[84,160136,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160138,380],{"class":94},[84,160140,384],{"class":383},[84,160142,388],{"class":387},[84,160144,2070],{"class":391},[84,160146,394],{"class":387},[84,160148,397],{"class":94},[24,160150,45575,160151,160155,160156,2759,160160,160164],{},[419,160152,160153],{"href":8096},[15,160154,2837],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[419,160157,160158],{"href":2755},[15,160159,2758],{},[419,160161,160162],{"href":2762},[15,160163,2765],{}," if you need a number.",[24,160166,160167,160168,425],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[419,160169,8859],{"href":8858},[70,160171,160173,18,160175],{"id":160172},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160174,2183],{},[15,160176,44678],{},[24,160178,160179,28,160181,160183],{},[15,160180,2183],{},[15,160182,44678],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[33,160185,160186,160191],{},[36,160187,160188,160190],{},[15,160189,2183],{}," tells you the exact type",[36,160192,160193,160195],{},[15,160194,44678],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[24,160197,190],{},[75,160199,160201],{"className":77,"code":160200,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160202,160203,160211,160215,160229],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160204,160205,160207,160209],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160206,2329],{"class":90},[84,160208,95],{"class":94},[84,160210,920],{"class":106},[84,160212,160213],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160214,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,160216,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225,160227],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160218,116],{"class":98},[84,160220,103],{"class":102},[84,160222,334],{"class":139},[84,160224,103],{"class":102},[84,160226,2354],{"class":121},[84,160228,232],{"class":102},[84,160230,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239,160241,160243,160245],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,160232,116],{"class":98},[84,160234,103],{"class":102},[84,160236,48743],{"class":98},[84,160238,103],{"class":102},[84,160240,2354],{"class":121},[84,160242,282],{"class":102},[84,160244,45149],{"class":139},[84,160246,232],{"class":102},[24,160248,265],{},[75,160250,160252],{"className":77,"code":160251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160253,160254,160268],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160255,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264,160266],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160257,380],{"class":94},[84,160259,384],{"class":383},[84,160261,388],{"class":387},[84,160263,2070],{"class":391},[84,160265,394],{"class":387},[84,160267,397],{"class":94},[84,160269,160270],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160271,660],{"class":659},[24,160273,160274,160275,160277],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160276,44678],{}," is more practical.",[75,160279,160281],{"className":77,"code":160280,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160282,160283,160291,160295,160311],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160284,160285,160287,160289],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160286,2329],{"class":90},[84,160288,95],{"class":94},[84,160290,920],{"class":106},[84,160292,160293],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160294,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,160296,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160298,6872],{"class":470},[84,160300,49481],{"class":98},[84,160302,103],{"class":102},[84,160304,2354],{"class":121},[84,160306,282],{"class":102},[84,160308,45149],{"class":139},[84,160310,485],{"class":102},[84,160312,160313,160315,160317,160319,160322,160324],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,160314,490],{"class":98},[84,160316,103],{"class":102},[84,160318,854],{"class":387},[84,160320,160321],{"class":391},"This is an integer",[84,160323,854],{"class":387},[84,160325,110],{"class":102},[24,160327,153,160328,160330],{},[15,160329,2183],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[24,160332,153,160333,160335,160336,7047],{},[15,160334,44678],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160337,6872],{},[24,160339,160340,160341,425],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[419,160342,13,160344,424],{"href":160343},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160345,44678],{},[70,160347,160349,160350],{"id":160348},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160351,2183],{},[24,160353,160354],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[75,160356,160358],{"className":77,"code":160357,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160359,160360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160361,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370,160373,160375,160377],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160363,334],{"class":139},[84,160365,103],{"class":102},[84,160367,7544],{"class":121},[84,160369,282],{"class":102},[84,160371,160372],{"class":121}," bases",[84,160374,282],{"class":102},[84,160376,9049],{"class":139},[84,160378,110],{"class":102},[24,160380,160381],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[24,160383,190],{},[75,160385,160387],{"className":77,"code":160386,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160388,160389,160432,160436,160446],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160390,160391,160394,160396,160398,160400,160402,160405,160407,160409,160412,160414,160416,160419,160421,160423,160425,160428,160430],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160392,160393],{"class":90},"Person ",[84,160395,95],{"class":94},[84,160397,49258],{"class":139},[84,160399,103],{"class":102},[84,160401,854],{"class":387},[84,160403,160404],{"class":391},"Person",[84,160406,854],{"class":387},[84,160408,282],{"class":102},[84,160410,160411],{"class":102}," (),",[84,160413,10371],{"class":102},[84,160415,854],{"class":387},[84,160417,160418],{"class":391},"species",[84,160420,854],{"class":387},[84,160422,881],{"class":102},[84,160424,3230],{"class":387},[84,160426,160427],{"class":391},"human",[84,160429,854],{"class":387},[84,160431,30372],{"class":102},[84,160433,160434],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160435,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,160437,160438,160440,160442,160444],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160439,116],{"class":98},[84,160441,103],{"class":102},[84,160443,160404],{"class":121},[84,160445,110],{"class":102},[84,160447,160448,160450,160452,160454,160456,160458],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,160449,116],{"class":98},[84,160451,103],{"class":102},[84,160453,160404],{"class":121},[84,160455,425],{"class":102},[84,160457,160418],{"class":24629},[84,160459,110],{"class":102},[24,160461,265],{},[75,160463,160465],{"className":77,"code":160464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160466,160467,160482],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160468,160469,160471,160473,160475,160478,160480],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160470,380],{"class":94},[84,160472,384],{"class":383},[84,160474,388],{"class":387},[84,160476,160477],{"class":391},"__main__.Person",[84,160479,394],{"class":387},[84,160481,397],{"class":94},[84,160483,160484],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160485,160486],{"class":90},"human\n",[24,160488,160489,160490,160492],{},"Most beginners do ",[42,160491,1367],{}," need this form.",[24,160494,160495],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[70,160497,792,160499],{"id":160498},"when-to-use-type",[15,160500,2183],{},[24,160502,160503,12326],{},[15,160504,2183],{},[33,160506,160507,160510,160513,160516],{},[36,160508,160509],{},"debug unexpected values",[36,160511,160512],{},"check what a conversion produced",[36,160514,160515],{},"learn Python data types",[36,160517,160518],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[24,160520,5346],{},[75,160522,160524],{"className":77,"code":160523,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160525,160526,160538,160552,160556,160570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160527,160528,160530,160532,160534,160536],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160529,34565],{"class":90},[84,160531,95],{"class":94},[84,160533,3230],{"class":387},[84,160535,50114],{"class":391},[84,160537,3236],{"class":387},[84,160539,160540,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160541,2097],{"class":90},[84,160543,95],{"class":94},[84,160545,45149],{"class":139},[84,160547,103],{"class":102},[84,160549,34586],{"class":121},[84,160551,110],{"class":102},[84,160553,160554],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160555,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,160557,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,160559,116],{"class":98},[84,160561,103],{"class":102},[84,160563,334],{"class":139},[84,160565,103],{"class":102},[84,160567,34586],{"class":121},[84,160569,232],{"class":102},[84,160571,160572,160574,160576,160578,160580,160582],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,160573,116],{"class":98},[84,160575,103],{"class":102},[84,160577,334],{"class":139},[84,160579,103],{"class":102},[84,160581,2120],{"class":121},[84,160583,232],{"class":102},[24,160585,265],{},[75,160587,160588],{"className":77,"code":124771,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,160589,160590,160604],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160591,160592,160594,160596,160598,160600,160602],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160593,380],{"class":94},[84,160595,384],{"class":383},[84,160597,388],{"class":387},[84,160599,3321],{"class":391},[84,160601,394],{"class":387},[84,160603,397],{"class":94},[84,160605,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160607,380],{"class":94},[84,160609,384],{"class":383},[84,160611,388],{"class":387},[84,160613,2070],{"class":391},[84,160615,394],{"class":387},[84,160617,397],{"class":94},[24,160619,160620],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[24,160622,160623,160624,1263,160628,16954,160632,160636],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[419,160625,160626],{"href":42047},[15,160627,47552],{},[419,160629,160630],{"href":2755},[15,160631,2758],{},[419,160633,160634],{"href":2762},[15,160635,2765],{}," are often the next step.",[70,160638,25236],{"id":25235},[24,160640,160641,160642,160644],{},"A few things about ",[15,160643,2183],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1667,160646,160648,160651],{"id":160647},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160649,160650],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[24,160653,64508],{},[75,160655,160657],{"className":77,"code":160656,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160658,160659],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160660,160661,160663,160665,160667,160669,160671],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160662,116],{"class":98},[84,160664,103],{"class":102},[84,160666,334],{"class":139},[84,160668,103],{"class":102},[84,160670,107],{"class":106},[84,160672,232],{"class":102},[24,160674,122614],{},[75,160676,160677],{"className":77,"code":156126,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,160678,160679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160680,160681,160683,160685,160687,160689,160691],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160682,380],{"class":94},[84,160684,384],{"class":383},[84,160686,388],{"class":387},[84,160688,2070],{"class":391},[84,160690,394],{"class":387},[84,160692,397],{"class":94},[24,160694,40777,160695,160697,160698,425],{},[42,160696,1367],{}," print just ",[15,160699,2070],{},[24,160701,6551,160702,160704],{},[15,160703,2183],{}," returns a class object.",[1667,160706,160708,2279,160710],{"id":160707},"input-returns-str",[15,160709,2837],{},[15,160711,3321],{},[24,160713,79405],{},[75,160715,160717],{"className":77,"code":160716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160718,160719,160737],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160720,160721,160723,160725,160727,160729,160731,160733,160735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160722,2329],{"class":90},[84,160724,95],{"class":94},[84,160726,8119],{"class":98},[84,160728,103],{"class":102},[84,160730,854],{"class":387},[84,160732,46182],{"class":391},[84,160734,854],{"class":387},[84,160736,110],{"class":102},[84,160738,160739,160741,160743,160745,160747,160749],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160740,116],{"class":98},[84,160742,103],{"class":102},[84,160744,334],{"class":139},[84,160746,103],{"class":102},[84,160748,2354],{"class":121},[84,160750,232],{"class":102},[24,160752,160753],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[24,160755,160756,160757,2759,160759,425],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160758,2758],{},[15,160760,2765],{},[1667,160762,160764],{"id":160763},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[24,160766,160767],{},"Avoid code like this:",[75,160769,160771],{"className":77,"code":160770,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160772,160773,160781,160785,160811],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160774,160775,160777,160779],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160776,2329],{"class":90},[84,160778,95],{"class":94},[84,160780,920],{"class":106},[84,160782,160783],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160784,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,160786,160787,160789,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160788,6872],{"class":470},[84,160790,48772],{"class":139},[84,160792,103],{"class":102},[84,160794,334],{"class":139},[84,160796,103],{"class":102},[84,160798,2354],{"class":121},[84,160800,147],{"class":102},[84,160802,6281],{"class":94},[84,160804,3230],{"class":387},[84,160806,159505],{"class":391},[84,160808,854],{"class":387},[84,160810,6266],{"class":102},[84,160812,160813,160815,160817,160819,160822,160824],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,160814,490],{"class":98},[84,160816,103],{"class":102},[84,160818,854],{"class":387},[84,160820,160821],{"class":391},"It is an int",[84,160823,854],{"class":387},[84,160825,110],{"class":102},[24,160827,160828],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[24,160830,160831],{},"Better options:",[75,160833,160835],{"className":77,"code":160834,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160836,160837,160845,160849,160869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160838,160839,160841,160843],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160840,2329],{"class":90},[84,160842,95],{"class":94},[84,160844,920],{"class":106},[84,160846,160847],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160848,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,160850,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859,160861,160863,160865,160867],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160852,116],{"class":98},[84,160854,103],{"class":102},[84,160856,334],{"class":139},[84,160858,103],{"class":102},[84,160860,2354],{"class":121},[84,160862,125],{"class":102},[84,160864,6281],{"class":94},[84,160866,45149],{"class":139},[84,160868,110],{"class":102},[84,160870,160871,160873,160875,160877,160879,160881,160883,160885],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,160872,116],{"class":98},[84,160874,103],{"class":102},[84,160876,48743],{"class":98},[84,160878,103],{"class":102},[84,160880,2354],{"class":121},[84,160882,282],{"class":102},[84,160884,45149],{"class":139},[84,160886,232],{"class":102},[24,160888,265],{},[75,160890,160891],{"className":77,"code":4379,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,160892,160893,160897],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160894,160895],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160896,660],{"class":659},[84,160898,160899],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160900,660],{"class":659},[24,160902,160903,160904,160906],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160905,44678],{}," is the more useful check.",[70,160908,1434],{"id":1433},[24,160910,14617,160911,881],{},[15,160912,2183],{},[33,160914,160915,160925,160934,160943],{},[36,160916,1442,160917,160919,160920,160924],{},[15,160918,2183],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[419,160921,160922],{"href":8096},[15,160923,2837],{}," always returns a string",[36,160926,8329,160927,160929,160930,1686,160932],{},[15,160928,2183],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160931,2070],{},[15,160933,159505],{},[36,160935,1442,160936,44502,160939,160942],{},[15,160937,160938],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160940,160941],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[36,160944,160945],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[24,160947,160948,160949,425],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[419,160950,160952],{"href":160951},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[24,160954,144280],{},[75,160956,160958],{"className":77,"code":160957,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160959,160960,160974,160984,160998,161008],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160963,116],{"class":98},[84,160965,103],{"class":102},[84,160967,334],{"class":139},[84,160969,103],{"class":102},[84,160971,2354],{"class":121},[84,160973,232],{"class":102},[84,160975,160976,160978,160980,160982],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,160977,116],{"class":98},[84,160979,103],{"class":102},[84,160981,2354],{"class":121},[84,160983,110],{"class":102},[84,160985,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,160987,116],{"class":98},[84,160989,103],{"class":102},[84,160991,41651],{"class":98},[84,160993,103],{"class":102},[84,160995,2354],{"class":121},[84,160997,232],{"class":102},[84,160999,161000,161002,161004,161006],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,161001,32029],{"class":98},[84,161003,103],{"class":102},[84,161005,334],{"class":139},[84,161007,110],{"class":102},[84,161009,161010,161012,161014,161016],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,161011,34249],{"class":98},[84,161013,103],{"class":102},[84,161015,2354],{"class":121},[84,161017,110],{"class":102},[24,161019,161020],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[70,161022,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,161024,5016,161026,5019],{"id":161025},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161027,2183],{},[24,161029,161030,161031,1263,161033,1263,161035,1267,161037,161039,161040,425],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161032,3321],{},[15,161034,2070],{},[15,161036,140],{},[15,161038,8699],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161041,159502],{},[1667,161043,1670,161045,57073,161047,1689],{"id":161044},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161046,2183],{},[15,161048,44678],{},[24,161050,1676,161051,161053,161054,161056],{},[15,161052,2183],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161055,44678],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1667,161058,1753,161060,161063,161064,1689],{"id":161059},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161061,161062],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161065,3321],{},[24,161067,28938,161068,161070,161071,2759,161073,160164],{},[15,161069,2837],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161072,2758],{},[15,161074,2765],{},[1667,161076,5043,161078,161080],{"id":161077},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161079,2183],{}," create classes?",[24,161082,161083,161084,425],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161085,161086],{},"type(object)",[70,161088,1777],{"id":1776},[33,161090,161091,161095,161101,161107,161111,161117,161123],{},[36,161092,161093],{},[419,161094,44670],{"href":48846},[36,161096,161097],{},[419,161098,13,161099,424],{"href":160343},[15,161100,44678],{},[36,161102,161103],{},[419,161104,13,161105,424],{"href":8096},[15,161106,2837],{},[36,161108,161109],{},[419,161110,8936],{"href":8858},[36,161112,161113],{},[419,161114,13,161115,424],{"href":2755},[15,161116,2758],{},[36,161118,161119],{},[419,161120,13,161121,424],{"href":2762},[15,161122,2765],{},[36,161124,161125],{},[419,161126,13,161127,424],{"href":42047},[15,161128,47552],{},[1814,161130,161131],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":113,"depth":113,"links":161133},[161134,161135,161137,161138,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161154,161155,161165],{"id":72,"depth":113,"text":73},{"id":159508,"depth":113,"text":161136},"What the type() function does",{"id":2037,"depth":113,"text":2038},{"id":121582,"depth":113,"text":121583},{"id":159866,"depth":113,"text":161140},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160172,"depth":113,"text":161142},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160348,"depth":113,"text":161144},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160498,"depth":113,"text":161146},"When to use type()",{"id":25235,"depth":113,"text":25236,"children":161148},[161149,161151,161153],{"id":160647,"depth":132,"text":161150},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160707,"depth":132,"text":161152},"input() returns str",{"id":160763,"depth":132,"text":160764},{"id":1433,"depth":113,"text":1434},{"id":1664,"depth":113,"text":1665,"children":161156},[161157,161159,161161,161163],{"id":161025,"depth":132,"text":161158},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161044,"depth":132,"text":161160},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161059,"depth":132,"text":161162},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161077,"depth":132,"text":161164},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1776,"depth":113,"text":1777},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159342,"description":161166},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161172,"title":161173,"body":161174,"description":163653,"extension":1845,"meta":163654,"navigation":237,"path":163655,"seo":163656,"stem":163657,"__hash__":163658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161175,"toc":163610},[161176,161181,161186,161195,161197,161297,161299,161324,161329,161334,161350,161353,161355,161357,161382,161385,161388,161471,161473,161522,161525,161647,161649,161722,161726,161729,161843,161845,161871,161873,161894,161899,161903,161908,161911,162015,162017,162034,162043,162046,162133,162135,162146,162151,162157,162162,162168,162171,162264,162266,162315,162321,162324,162425,162427,162480,162485,162489,162492,162591,162593,162632,162635,162640,162642,162647,162651,162764,162768,162865,162869,162957,162959,162976,162980,163103,163109,163115,163121,163126,163129,163156,163160,163162,163256,163259,163263,163266,163353,163356,163391,163393,163430,163433,163441,163446,163451,163525,163532,163534,163539,163542,163548,163551,163557,163562,163568,163573,163577,163580,163582,163607],[10,161177,13,161179,3456],{"id":161178},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161180,64184],{},[24,161182,161183,161185],{},[15,161184,64184],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[24,161187,161188,161189,161191,161192,161194],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161190,64184],{}," inside a ",[15,161193,440],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[70,161196,1887],{"id":1886},[75,161198,161200],{"className":77,"code":161199,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161201,161202,161234,161254,161258,161283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161203,161204,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161205,4868],{"class":90},[84,161207,95],{"class":94},[84,161209,3498],{"class":102},[84,161211,854],{"class":387},[84,161213,12763],{"class":391},[84,161215,854],{"class":387},[84,161217,282],{"class":102},[84,161219,3230],{"class":387},[84,161221,35817],{"class":391},[84,161223,854],{"class":387},[84,161225,282],{"class":102},[84,161227,3230],{"class":387},[84,161229,35826],{"class":391},[84,161231,854],{"class":387},[84,161233,317],{"class":102},[84,161235,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250,161252],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,161237,4937],{"class":90},[84,161239,95],{"class":94},[84,161241,3498],{"class":102},[84,161243,13386],{"class":106},[84,161245,282],{"class":102},[84,161247,13391],{"class":106},[84,161249,282],{"class":102},[84,161251,28797],{"class":106},[84,161253,317],{"class":102},[84,161255,161256],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,161257,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,161259,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,161261,440],{"class":470},[84,161263,35868],{"class":90},[84,161265,282],{"class":102},[84,161267,4979],{"class":90},[84,161269,476],{"class":470},[84,161271,161272],{"class":98}," zip",[84,161274,103],{"class":102},[84,161276,4912],{"class":121},[84,161278,282],{"class":102},[84,161280,4984],{"class":121},[84,161282,485],{"class":102},[84,161284,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,161286,490],{"class":98},[84,161288,103],{"class":102},[84,161290,7544],{"class":121},[84,161292,282],{"class":102},[84,161294,130560],{"class":121},[84,161296,110],{"class":102},[24,161298,265],{},[75,161300,161302],{"className":77,"code":161301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161303,161304,161310,161317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161305,161306,161308],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161307,133579],{"class":90},[84,161309,33013],{"class":106},[84,161311,161312,161315],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,161313,161314],{"class":90},"Ben ",[84,161316,33018],{"class":106},[84,161318,161319,161322],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,161320,161321],{"class":90},"Cara ",[84,161323,33023],{"class":106},[24,161325,153,161326,161328],{},[15,161327,64184],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[70,161330,429,161332,3554],{"id":161331},"what-zip-does",[15,161333,64184],{},[33,161335,161336,161341,161344,161347],{},[36,161337,161338,161340],{},[15,161339,64184],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[36,161342,161343],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[36,161345,161346],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[36,161348,161349],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[24,161351,161352],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[70,161354,2038],{"id":2037},[24,161356,7093],{},[75,161358,161360],{"className":77,"code":161359,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161361,161362],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161363,161364,161366,161368,161371,161373,161376,161378,161380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161365,64254],{"class":98},[84,161367,103],{"class":102},[84,161369,161370],{"class":121},"iterable1",[84,161372,282],{"class":102},[84,161374,161375],{"class":121}," iterable2",[84,161377,282],{"class":102},[84,161379,34331],{"class":98},[84,161381,110],{"class":102},[24,161383,161384],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[24,161386,161387],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[75,161389,161391],{"className":77,"code":161390,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161392,161393,161413,161445,161449],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161394,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161396,91],{"class":90},[84,161398,95],{"class":94},[84,161400,3498],{"class":102},[84,161402,838],{"class":106},[84,161404,282],{"class":102},[84,161406,304],{"class":106},[84,161408,282],{"class":102},[84,161410,309],{"class":106},[84,161412,317],{"class":102},[84,161414,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,161416,35967],{"class":90},[84,161418,95],{"class":94},[84,161420,3498],{"class":102},[84,161422,854],{"class":387},[84,161424,419],{"class":391},[84,161426,854],{"class":387},[84,161428,282],{"class":102},[84,161430,3230],{"class":387},[84,161432,4634],{"class":391},[84,161434,854],{"class":387},[84,161436,282],{"class":102},[84,161438,3230],{"class":387},[84,161440,9619],{"class":391},[84,161442,854],{"class":387},[84,161444,317],{"class":102},[84,161446,161447],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,161448,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,161450,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,161452,116],{"class":98},[84,161454,103],{"class":102},[84,161456,140],{"class":139},[84,161458,103],{"class":102},[84,161460,64254],{"class":98},[84,161462,103],{"class":102},[84,161464,122],{"class":121},[84,161466,282],{"class":102},[84,161468,69959],{"class":121},[84,161470,345],{"class":102},[24,161472,265],{},[75,161474,161476],{"className":77,"code":161475,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161477,161478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161479,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161481,21623],{"class":102},[84,161483,838],{"class":106},[84,161485,282],{"class":102},[84,161487,388],{"class":387},[84,161489,419],{"class":391},[84,161491,394],{"class":387},[84,161493,9112],{"class":102},[84,161495,9115],{"class":102},[84,161497,568],{"class":106},[84,161499,282],{"class":102},[84,161501,388],{"class":387},[84,161503,4634],{"class":391},[84,161505,394],{"class":387},[84,161507,9112],{"class":102},[84,161509,9115],{"class":102},[84,161511,1162],{"class":106},[84,161513,282],{"class":102},[84,161515,388],{"class":387},[84,161517,9619],{"class":391},[84,161519,394],{"class":387},[84,161521,9128],{"class":102},[24,161523,161524],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[75,161526,161528],{"className":77,"code":161527,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161529,161530,161562,161582,161616,161620],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161531,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161533,4868],{"class":90},[84,161535,95],{"class":94},[84,161537,3498],{"class":102},[84,161539,854],{"class":387},[84,161541,12763],{"class":391},[84,161543,854],{"class":387},[84,161545,282],{"class":102},[84,161547,3230],{"class":387},[84,161549,35817],{"class":391},[84,161551,854],{"class":387},[84,161553,282],{"class":102},[84,161555,3230],{"class":387},[84,161557,35826],{"class":391},[84,161559,854],{"class":387},[84,161561,317],{"class":102},[84,161563,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,161565,4937],{"class":90},[84,161567,95],{"class":94},[84,161569,3498],{"class":102},[84,161571,13386],{"class":106},[84,161573,282],{"class":102},[84,161575,13391],{"class":106},[84,161577,282],{"class":102},[84,161579,28797],{"class":106},[84,161581,317],{"class":102},[84,161583,161584,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161612,161614],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,161585,161586],{"class":90},"grades ",[84,161588,95],{"class":94},[84,161590,3498],{"class":102},[84,161592,854],{"class":387},[84,161594,22126],{"class":391},[84,161596,854],{"class":387},[84,161598,282],{"class":102},[84,161600,3230],{"class":387},[84,161602,30476],{"class":391},[84,161604,854],{"class":387},[84,161606,282],{"class":102},[84,161608,3230],{"class":387},[84,161610,161611],{"class":391},"B+",[84,161613,854],{"class":387},[84,161615,317],{"class":102},[84,161617,161618],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,161619,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,161621,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642,161645],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,161623,116],{"class":98},[84,161625,103],{"class":102},[84,161627,140],{"class":139},[84,161629,103],{"class":102},[84,161631,64254],{"class":98},[84,161633,103],{"class":102},[84,161635,4912],{"class":121},[84,161637,282],{"class":102},[84,161639,4984],{"class":121},[84,161641,282],{"class":102},[84,161643,161644],{"class":121}," grades",[84,161646,345],{"class":102},[24,161648,265],{},[75,161650,161652],{"className":77,"code":161651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161653,161654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161655,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161657,21623],{"class":102},[84,161659,394],{"class":387},[84,161661,12763],{"class":391},[84,161663,394],{"class":387},[84,161665,282],{"class":102},[84,161667,19782],{"class":106},[84,161669,282],{"class":102},[84,161671,388],{"class":387},[84,161673,22126],{"class":391},[84,161675,394],{"class":387},[84,161677,9112],{"class":102},[84,161679,9115],{"class":102},[84,161681,394],{"class":387},[84,161683,35817],{"class":391},[84,161685,394],{"class":387},[84,161687,282],{"class":102},[84,161689,13391],{"class":106},[84,161691,282],{"class":102},[84,161693,388],{"class":387},[84,161695,30476],{"class":391},[84,161697,394],{"class":387},[84,161699,9112],{"class":102},[84,161701,9115],{"class":102},[84,161703,394],{"class":387},[84,161705,35826],{"class":391},[84,161707,394],{"class":387},[84,161709,282],{"class":102},[84,161711,28797],{"class":106},[84,161713,282],{"class":102},[84,161715,388],{"class":387},[84,161717,161611],{"class":391},[84,161719,394],{"class":387},[84,161721,9128],{"class":102},[70,161723,161725],{"id":161724},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[24,161727,161728],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[75,161730,161732],{"className":77,"code":161731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161733,161734,161766,161786,161790,161814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161735,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161737,4868],{"class":90},[84,161739,95],{"class":94},[84,161741,3498],{"class":102},[84,161743,854],{"class":387},[84,161745,12763],{"class":391},[84,161747,854],{"class":387},[84,161749,282],{"class":102},[84,161751,3230],{"class":387},[84,161753,35817],{"class":391},[84,161755,854],{"class":387},[84,161757,282],{"class":102},[84,161759,3230],{"class":387},[84,161761,35826],{"class":391},[84,161763,854],{"class":387},[84,161765,317],{"class":102},[84,161767,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,161769,4937],{"class":90},[84,161771,95],{"class":94},[84,161773,3498],{"class":102},[84,161775,13386],{"class":106},[84,161777,282],{"class":102},[84,161779,13391],{"class":106},[84,161781,282],{"class":102},[84,161783,28797],{"class":106},[84,161785,317],{"class":102},[84,161787,161788],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,161789,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,161791,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,161793,440],{"class":470},[84,161795,35868],{"class":90},[84,161797,282],{"class":102},[84,161799,4979],{"class":90},[84,161801,476],{"class":470},[84,161803,161272],{"class":98},[84,161805,103],{"class":102},[84,161807,4912],{"class":121},[84,161809,282],{"class":102},[84,161811,4984],{"class":121},[84,161813,485],{"class":102},[84,161815,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,161817,490],{"class":98},[84,161819,103],{"class":102},[84,161821,22175],{"class":383},[84,161823,854],{"class":391},[84,161825,9157],{"class":106},[84,161827,7544],{"class":121},[84,161829,22184],{"class":106},[84,161831,161832],{"class":391}," scored ",[84,161834,9157],{"class":106},[84,161836,85382],{"class":121},[84,161838,22184],{"class":106},[84,161840,854],{"class":391},[84,161842,110],{"class":102},[24,161844,265],{},[75,161846,161848],{"className":77,"code":161847,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161849,161850,161857,161864],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161851,161852,161855],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161853,161854],{"class":90},"Ana scored ",[84,161856,33013],{"class":106},[84,161858,161859,161862],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,161860,161861],{"class":90},"Ben scored ",[84,161863,33018],{"class":106},[84,161865,161866,161869],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,161867,161868],{"class":90},"Cara scored ",[84,161870,33023],{"class":106},[24,161872,44803],{},[33,161874,161875,161884,161887],{},[36,161876,161877,161880,161881],{},[15,161878,161879],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161882,161883],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[36,161885,161886],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[36,161888,161889,28,161891,161893],{},[15,161890,7544],{},[15,161892,85382],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[24,161895,161896,161897,425],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[419,161898,69476],{"href":69475},[70,161900,161902],{"id":161901},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[24,161904,161905,161907],{},[15,161906,64184],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[24,161909,161910],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[75,161912,161914],{"className":77,"code":161913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161915,161916,161957,161973,161977,162001],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161917,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161953,161955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161919,4868],{"class":90},[84,161921,95],{"class":94},[84,161923,3498],{"class":102},[84,161925,854],{"class":387},[84,161927,12763],{"class":391},[84,161929,854],{"class":387},[84,161931,282],{"class":102},[84,161933,3230],{"class":387},[84,161935,35817],{"class":391},[84,161937,854],{"class":387},[84,161939,282],{"class":102},[84,161941,3230],{"class":387},[84,161943,35826],{"class":391},[84,161945,854],{"class":387},[84,161947,282],{"class":102},[84,161949,3230],{"class":387},[84,161951,161952],{"class":391},"Dan",[84,161954,854],{"class":387},[84,161956,317],{"class":102},[84,161958,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,161960,4937],{"class":90},[84,161962,95],{"class":94},[84,161964,3498],{"class":102},[84,161966,13386],{"class":106},[84,161968,282],{"class":102},[84,161970,13391],{"class":106},[84,161972,317],{"class":102},[84,161974,161975],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,161976,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,161978,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,161980,440],{"class":470},[84,161982,35868],{"class":90},[84,161984,282],{"class":102},[84,161986,4979],{"class":90},[84,161988,476],{"class":470},[84,161990,161272],{"class":98},[84,161992,103],{"class":102},[84,161994,4912],{"class":121},[84,161996,282],{"class":102},[84,161998,4984],{"class":121},[84,162000,485],{"class":102},[84,162002,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,162004,490],{"class":98},[84,162006,103],{"class":102},[84,162008,7544],{"class":121},[84,162010,282],{"class":102},[84,162012,130560],{"class":121},[84,162014,110],{"class":102},[24,162016,265],{},[75,162018,162020],{"className":77,"code":162019,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162021,162022,162028],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162023,162024,162026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162025,133579],{"class":90},[84,162027,33013],{"class":106},[84,162029,162030,162032],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162031,161314],{"class":90},[84,162033,33018],{"class":106},[24,162035,2167,162036,28,162039,162042],{},[15,162037,162038],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162040,162041],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[24,162044,162045],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[75,162047,162049],{"className":77,"code":162048,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162050,162051,162091,162107,162111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162052,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162054,4868],{"class":90},[84,162056,95],{"class":94},[84,162058,3498],{"class":102},[84,162060,854],{"class":387},[84,162062,12763],{"class":391},[84,162064,854],{"class":387},[84,162066,282],{"class":102},[84,162068,3230],{"class":387},[84,162070,35817],{"class":391},[84,162072,854],{"class":387},[84,162074,282],{"class":102},[84,162076,3230],{"class":387},[84,162078,35826],{"class":391},[84,162080,854],{"class":387},[84,162082,282],{"class":102},[84,162084,3230],{"class":387},[84,162086,161952],{"class":391},[84,162088,854],{"class":387},[84,162090,317],{"class":102},[84,162092,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162094,4937],{"class":90},[84,162096,95],{"class":94},[84,162098,3498],{"class":102},[84,162100,13386],{"class":106},[84,162102,282],{"class":102},[84,162104,13391],{"class":106},[84,162106,317],{"class":102},[84,162108,162109],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162110,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162112,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,162114,116],{"class":98},[84,162116,103],{"class":102},[84,162118,602],{"class":98},[84,162120,103],{"class":102},[84,162122,4912],{"class":121},[84,162124,9112],{"class":102},[84,162126,38256],{"class":98},[84,162128,103],{"class":102},[84,162130,16271],{"class":121},[84,162132,232],{"class":102},[24,162134,265],{},[75,162136,162138],{"className":77,"code":162137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4 2\n",[15,162139,162140],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162141,162142,162144],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162143,2386],{"class":106},[84,162145,893],{"class":106},[24,162147,162148,162149,425],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162150,64184],{},[70,162152,91969,162154,162156],{"id":162153},"converting-zip-output",[15,162155,64184],{}," output",[24,162158,28938,162159,162161],{},[15,162160,64184],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1667,162163,153,162165],{"id":162164},"use-listzip",[15,162166,162167],{},"list(zip(...))",[24,162169,162170],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[75,162172,162174],{"className":77,"code":162173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162175,162176,162208,162228,162232,162254],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162177,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162179,4868],{"class":90},[84,162181,95],{"class":94},[84,162183,3498],{"class":102},[84,162185,854],{"class":387},[84,162187,12763],{"class":391},[84,162189,854],{"class":387},[84,162191,282],{"class":102},[84,162193,3230],{"class":387},[84,162195,35817],{"class":391},[84,162197,854],{"class":387},[84,162199,282],{"class":102},[84,162201,3230],{"class":387},[84,162203,35826],{"class":391},[84,162205,854],{"class":387},[84,162207,317],{"class":102},[84,162209,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162211,4937],{"class":90},[84,162213,95],{"class":94},[84,162215,3498],{"class":102},[84,162217,13386],{"class":106},[84,162219,282],{"class":102},[84,162221,13391],{"class":106},[84,162223,282],{"class":102},[84,162225,28797],{"class":106},[84,162227,317],{"class":102},[84,162229,162230],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162231,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162233,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,162235,9094],{"class":90},[84,162237,95],{"class":94},[84,162239,220],{"class":139},[84,162241,103],{"class":102},[84,162243,64254],{"class":98},[84,162245,103],{"class":102},[84,162247,4912],{"class":121},[84,162249,282],{"class":102},[84,162251,4984],{"class":121},[84,162253,232],{"class":102},[84,162255,162256,162258,162260,162262],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,162257,116],{"class":98},[84,162259,103],{"class":102},[84,162261,9141],{"class":121},[84,162263,110],{"class":102},[24,162265,265],{},[75,162267,162269],{"className":77,"code":162268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162270,162271],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162272,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162274,21623],{"class":102},[84,162276,394],{"class":387},[84,162278,12763],{"class":391},[84,162280,394],{"class":387},[84,162282,282],{"class":102},[84,162284,19782],{"class":106},[84,162286,9112],{"class":102},[84,162288,9115],{"class":102},[84,162290,394],{"class":387},[84,162292,35817],{"class":391},[84,162294,394],{"class":387},[84,162296,282],{"class":102},[84,162298,13391],{"class":106},[84,162300,9112],{"class":102},[84,162302,9115],{"class":102},[84,162304,394],{"class":387},[84,162306,35826],{"class":391},[84,162308,394],{"class":387},[84,162310,282],{"class":102},[84,162312,28797],{"class":106},[84,162314,9128],{"class":102},[1667,162316,153,162318],{"id":162317},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162319,162320],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[24,162322,162323],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[75,162325,162327],{"className":77,"code":162326,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162328,162329,162361,162389,162393,162415],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162330,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162332,17124],{"class":90},[84,162334,95],{"class":94},[84,162336,3498],{"class":102},[84,162338,854],{"class":387},[84,162340,7544],{"class":391},[84,162342,854],{"class":387},[84,162344,282],{"class":102},[84,162346,3230],{"class":387},[84,162348,9178],{"class":391},[84,162350,854],{"class":387},[84,162352,282],{"class":102},[84,162354,3230],{"class":387},[84,162356,10289],{"class":391},[84,162358,854],{"class":387},[84,162360,317],{"class":102},[84,162362,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162364,3698],{"class":90},[84,162366,95],{"class":94},[84,162368,3498],{"class":102},[84,162370,854],{"class":387},[84,162372,12763],{"class":391},[84,162374,854],{"class":387},[84,162376,282],{"class":102},[84,162378,9185],{"class":106},[84,162380,282],{"class":102},[84,162382,3230],{"class":387},[84,162384,15913],{"class":391},[84,162386,854],{"class":387},[84,162388,317],{"class":102},[84,162390,162391],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162392,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162394,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,162396,13088],{"class":90},[84,162398,95],{"class":94},[84,162400,9049],{"class":139},[84,162402,103],{"class":102},[84,162404,64254],{"class":98},[84,162406,103],{"class":102},[84,162408,16806],{"class":121},[84,162410,282],{"class":102},[84,162412,3760],{"class":121},[84,162414,232],{"class":102},[84,162416,162417,162419,162421,162423],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,162418,116],{"class":98},[84,162420,103],{"class":102},[84,162422,17189],{"class":121},[84,162424,110],{"class":102},[24,162426,265],{},[75,162428,162430],{"className":77,"code":162429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162431,162432],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162433,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162435,9157],{"class":102},[84,162437,394],{"class":387},[84,162439,7544],{"class":391},[84,162441,394],{"class":387},[84,162443,881],{"class":102},[84,162445,388],{"class":387},[84,162447,12763],{"class":391},[84,162449,394],{"class":387},[84,162451,282],{"class":102},[84,162453,388],{"class":387},[84,162455,9178],{"class":391},[84,162457,394],{"class":387},[84,162459,881],{"class":102},[84,162461,9185],{"class":106},[84,162463,282],{"class":102},[84,162465,388],{"class":387},[84,162467,10289],{"class":391},[84,162469,394],{"class":387},[84,162471,881],{"class":102},[84,162473,388],{"class":387},[84,162475,15913],{"class":391},[84,162477,394],{"class":387},[84,162479,9188],{"class":102},[24,162481,162482,162483,425],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[419,162484,30963],{"href":30962},[1667,162486,162488],{"id":162487},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[24,162490,162491],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[75,162493,162495],{"className":77,"code":162494,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162496,162497,162521,162537,162541,162559,162563,162577],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162498,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162500,4868],{"class":90},[84,162502,95],{"class":94},[84,162504,3498],{"class":102},[84,162506,854],{"class":387},[84,162508,12763],{"class":391},[84,162510,854],{"class":387},[84,162512,282],{"class":102},[84,162514,3230],{"class":387},[84,162516,35817],{"class":391},[84,162518,854],{"class":387},[84,162520,317],{"class":102},[84,162522,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162524,4937],{"class":90},[84,162526,95],{"class":94},[84,162528,3498],{"class":102},[84,162530,13386],{"class":106},[84,162532,282],{"class":102},[84,162534,13391],{"class":106},[84,162536,317],{"class":102},[84,162538,162539],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162540,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162542,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,162544,9094],{"class":90},[84,162546,95],{"class":94},[84,162548,161272],{"class":98},[84,162550,103],{"class":102},[84,162552,4912],{"class":121},[84,162554,282],{"class":102},[84,162556,4984],{"class":121},[84,162558,110],{"class":102},[84,162560,162561],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,162562,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162564,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,162566,116],{"class":98},[84,162568,103],{"class":102},[84,162570,140],{"class":139},[84,162572,103],{"class":102},[84,162574,9141],{"class":121},[84,162576,232],{"class":102},[84,162578,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,162580,116],{"class":98},[84,162582,103],{"class":102},[84,162584,140],{"class":139},[84,162586,103],{"class":102},[84,162588,9141],{"class":121},[84,162590,232],{"class":102},[24,162592,265],{},[75,162594,162596],{"className":77,"code":162595,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162597,162598,162628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162599,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162601,21623],{"class":102},[84,162603,394],{"class":387},[84,162605,12763],{"class":391},[84,162607,394],{"class":387},[84,162609,282],{"class":102},[84,162611,19782],{"class":106},[84,162613,9112],{"class":102},[84,162615,9115],{"class":102},[84,162617,394],{"class":387},[84,162619,35817],{"class":391},[84,162621,394],{"class":387},[84,162623,282],{"class":102},[84,162625,13391],{"class":106},[84,162627,9128],{"class":102},[84,162629,162630],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162631,38167],{"class":102},[24,162633,162634],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[24,162636,162637,162638,425],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[419,162639,5010],{"href":5460},[70,162641,40917],{"id":40916},[24,162643,162644,162645,425],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162646,64184],{},[1667,162648,162650],{"id":162649},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[75,162652,162654],{"className":77,"code":162653,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162655,162656,162688,162708,162712,162736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162657,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162659,4868],{"class":90},[84,162661,95],{"class":94},[84,162663,3498],{"class":102},[84,162665,854],{"class":387},[84,162667,12763],{"class":391},[84,162669,854],{"class":387},[84,162671,282],{"class":102},[84,162673,3230],{"class":387},[84,162675,35817],{"class":391},[84,162677,854],{"class":387},[84,162679,282],{"class":102},[84,162681,3230],{"class":387},[84,162683,35826],{"class":391},[84,162685,854],{"class":387},[84,162687,317],{"class":102},[84,162689,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162691,4937],{"class":90},[84,162693,95],{"class":94},[84,162695,3498],{"class":102},[84,162697,13386],{"class":106},[84,162699,282],{"class":102},[84,162701,13391],{"class":106},[84,162703,282],{"class":102},[84,162705,28797],{"class":106},[84,162707,317],{"class":102},[84,162709,162710],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162711,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162713,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,162715,440],{"class":470},[84,162717,35868],{"class":90},[84,162719,282],{"class":102},[84,162721,4979],{"class":90},[84,162723,476],{"class":470},[84,162725,161272],{"class":98},[84,162727,103],{"class":102},[84,162729,4912],{"class":121},[84,162731,282],{"class":102},[84,162733,4984],{"class":121},[84,162735,485],{"class":102},[84,162737,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,162739,490],{"class":98},[84,162741,103],{"class":102},[84,162743,22175],{"class":383},[84,162745,854],{"class":391},[84,162747,9157],{"class":106},[84,162749,7544],{"class":121},[84,162751,22184],{"class":106},[84,162753,22187],{"class":391},[84,162755,9157],{"class":106},[84,162757,85382],{"class":121},[84,162759,22184],{"class":106},[84,162761,854],{"class":391},[84,162763,110],{"class":102},[1667,162765,162767],{"id":162766},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[75,162769,162771],{"className":77,"code":162770,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162772,162773,162805,162829,162833,162855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162774,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162776,17124],{"class":90},[84,162778,95],{"class":94},[84,162780,3498],{"class":102},[84,162782,854],{"class":387},[84,162784,12531],{"class":391},[84,162786,854],{"class":387},[84,162788,282],{"class":102},[84,162790,3230],{"class":387},[84,162792,7544],{"class":391},[84,162794,854],{"class":387},[84,162796,282],{"class":102},[84,162798,3230],{"class":387},[84,162800,15703],{"class":391},[84,162802,854],{"class":387},[84,162804,317],{"class":102},[84,162806,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162808,3698],{"class":90},[84,162810,95],{"class":94},[84,162812,3498],{"class":102},[84,162814,46463],{"class":106},[84,162816,282],{"class":102},[84,162818,3230],{"class":387},[84,162820,12763],{"class":391},[84,162822,854],{"class":387},[84,162824,282],{"class":102},[84,162826,3789],{"class":659},[84,162828,317],{"class":102},[84,162830,162831],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162832,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162834,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,162836,9044],{"class":90},[84,162838,95],{"class":94},[84,162840,9049],{"class":139},[84,162842,103],{"class":102},[84,162844,64254],{"class":98},[84,162846,103],{"class":102},[84,162848,16806],{"class":121},[84,162850,282],{"class":102},[84,162852,3760],{"class":121},[84,162854,232],{"class":102},[84,162856,162857,162859,162861,162863],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,162858,116],{"class":98},[84,162860,103],{"class":102},[84,162862,9083],{"class":121},[84,162864,110],{"class":102},[1667,162866,162868],{"id":162867},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[75,162870,162872],{"className":77,"code":162871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162873,162874,162894,162914,162918,162943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162875,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162877,80520],{"class":90},[84,162879,95],{"class":94},[84,162881,3498],{"class":102},[84,162883,2212],{"class":106},[84,162885,282],{"class":102},[84,162887,7667],{"class":106},[84,162889,282],{"class":102},[84,162891,7672],{"class":106},[84,162893,317],{"class":102},[84,162895,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162897,80541],{"class":90},[84,162899,95],{"class":94},[84,162901,3498],{"class":102},[84,162903,2212],{"class":106},[84,162905,282],{"class":102},[84,162907,9185],{"class":106},[84,162909,282],{"class":102},[84,162911,7672],{"class":106},[84,162913,317],{"class":102},[84,162915,162916],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162917,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,162919,162920,162922,162924,162926,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,162921,440],{"class":470},[84,162923,56755],{"class":90},[84,162925,282],{"class":102},[84,162927,162928],{"class":90}," b ",[84,162930,476],{"class":470},[84,162932,161272],{"class":98},[84,162934,103],{"class":102},[84,162936,111447],{"class":121},[84,162938,282],{"class":102},[84,162940,80584],{"class":121},[84,162942,485],{"class":102},[84,162944,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,162946,490],{"class":98},[84,162948,103],{"class":102},[84,162950,2436],{"class":121},[84,162952,4561],{"class":94},[84,162954,2441],{"class":121},[84,162956,110],{"class":102},[24,162958,265],{},[75,162960,162962],{"className":77,"code":162961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162963,162964,162968,162972],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162965,162966],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162967,660],{"class":659},[84,162969,162970],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,162971,3913],{"class":659},[84,162973,162974],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,162975,660],{"class":659},[1667,162977,162979],{"id":162978},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[75,162981,162983],{"className":77,"code":162982,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162984,162985,163020,163043,163047,163074],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162986,162987,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163007,163009,163011,163013,163016,163018],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162988,162989],{"class":90},"products ",[84,162991,95],{"class":94},[84,162993,3498],{"class":102},[84,162995,854],{"class":387},[84,162997,25019],{"class":391},[84,162999,854],{"class":387},[84,163001,282],{"class":102},[84,163003,3230],{"class":387},[84,163005,163006],{"class":391},"Pen",[84,163008,854],{"class":387},[84,163010,282],{"class":102},[84,163012,3230],{"class":387},[84,163014,163015],{"class":391},"Bag",[84,163017,854],{"class":387},[84,163019,317],{"class":102},[84,163021,163022,163024,163026,163028,163031,163033,163036,163038,163041],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,163023,82910],{"class":90},[84,163025,95],{"class":94},[84,163027,3498],{"class":102},[84,163029,163030],{"class":106},"12.5",[84,163032,282],{"class":102},[84,163034,163035],{"class":106}," 1.2",[84,163037,282],{"class":102},[84,163039,163040],{"class":106}," 25.0",[84,163042,317],{"class":102},[84,163044,163045],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,163046,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,163048,163049,163051,163053,163055,163058,163060,163062,163064,163067,163069,163072],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,163050,440],{"class":470},[84,163052,25080],{"class":90},[84,163054,282],{"class":102},[84,163056,163057],{"class":90}," price ",[84,163059,476],{"class":470},[84,163061,161272],{"class":98},[84,163063,103],{"class":102},[84,163065,163066],{"class":121},"products",[84,163068,282],{"class":102},[84,163070,163071],{"class":121}," prices",[84,163073,485],{"class":102},[84,163075,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,163077,490],{"class":98},[84,163079,103],{"class":102},[84,163081,22175],{"class":383},[84,163083,854],{"class":391},[84,163085,9157],{"class":106},[84,163087,26885],{"class":121},[84,163089,22184],{"class":106},[84,163091,163092],{"class":391}," costs $",[84,163094,9157],{"class":106},[84,163096,25028],{"class":121},[84,163098,22184],{"class":106},[84,163100,854],{"class":391},[84,163102,110],{"class":102},[24,163104,36475,163105,425],{},[419,163106,163108],{"href":163107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[70,163110,163112,163113],{"id":163111},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163114,64184],{},[1667,163116,8329,163118,163120],{"id":163117},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163119,64184],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[24,163122,163123,163125],{},[15,163124,64184],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[24,163127,163128],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[75,163130,163132],{"className":77,"code":163131,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163133,163134],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163135,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163137,116],{"class":98},[84,163139,103],{"class":102},[84,163141,602],{"class":98},[84,163143,103],{"class":102},[84,163145,111447],{"class":121},[84,163147,9112],{"class":102},[84,163149,38256],{"class":98},[84,163151,103],{"class":102},[84,163153,80807],{"class":121},[84,163155,232],{"class":102},[1667,163157,163159],{"id":163158},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[24,163161,68700],{},[75,163163,163165],{"className":77,"code":163164,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163166,163167,163203,163207,163220,163230,163234,163246],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163168,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163170,9094],{"class":90},[84,163172,95],{"class":94},[84,163174,161272],{"class":98},[84,163176,2865],{"class":102},[84,163178,838],{"class":106},[84,163180,282],{"class":102},[84,163182,304],{"class":106},[84,163184,17945],{"class":102},[84,163186,3498],{"class":102},[84,163188,854],{"class":387},[84,163190,419],{"class":391},[84,163192,854],{"class":387},[84,163194,282],{"class":102},[84,163196,3230],{"class":387},[84,163198,4634],{"class":391},[84,163200,854],{"class":387},[84,163202,741],{"class":102},[84,163204,163205],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,163206,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,163208,163209,163211,163213,163215,163218],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,163210,440],{"class":470},[84,163212,5834],{"class":90},[84,163214,476],{"class":470},[84,163216,163217],{"class":90}," pairs",[84,163219,6266],{"class":102},[84,163221,163222,163224,163226,163228],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,163223,490],{"class":98},[84,163225,103],{"class":102},[84,163227,23191],{"class":121},[84,163229,110],{"class":102},[84,163231,163232],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,163233,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,163235,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244],{"class":86,"line":1564},[84,163237,440],{"class":470},[84,163239,5834],{"class":90},[84,163241,476],{"class":470},[84,163243,163217],{"class":90},[84,163245,6266],{"class":102},[84,163247,163248,163250,163252,163254],{"class":86,"line":6288},[84,163249,490],{"class":98},[84,163251,103],{"class":102},[84,163253,23191],{"class":121},[84,163255,110],{"class":102},[24,163257,163258],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1667,163260,163262],{"id":163261},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[24,163264,163265],{},"This is correct:",[75,163267,163269],{"className":77,"code":163268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163270,163271,163295,163311,163315,163339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163272,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287,163289,163291,163293],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163274,4868],{"class":90},[84,163276,95],{"class":94},[84,163278,3498],{"class":102},[84,163280,854],{"class":387},[84,163282,12763],{"class":391},[84,163284,854],{"class":387},[84,163286,282],{"class":102},[84,163288,3230],{"class":387},[84,163290,35817],{"class":391},[84,163292,854],{"class":387},[84,163294,317],{"class":102},[84,163296,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,163298,4937],{"class":90},[84,163300,95],{"class":94},[84,163302,3498],{"class":102},[84,163304,13386],{"class":106},[84,163306,282],{"class":102},[84,163308,13391],{"class":106},[84,163310,317],{"class":102},[84,163312,163313],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,163314,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,163316,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331,163333,163335,163337],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,163318,440],{"class":470},[84,163320,35868],{"class":90},[84,163322,282],{"class":102},[84,163324,4979],{"class":90},[84,163326,476],{"class":470},[84,163328,161272],{"class":98},[84,163330,103],{"class":102},[84,163332,4912],{"class":121},[84,163334,282],{"class":102},[84,163336,4984],{"class":121},[84,163338,485],{"class":102},[84,163340,163341,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351],{"class":86,"line":253},[84,163342,490],{"class":98},[84,163344,103],{"class":102},[84,163346,7544],{"class":121},[84,163348,282],{"class":102},[84,163350,130560],{"class":121},[84,163352,110],{"class":102},[24,163354,163355],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[75,163357,163359],{"className":77,"code":163358,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163360,163361,163381],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163362,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163364,440],{"class":470},[84,163366,5834],{"class":90},[84,163368,476],{"class":470},[84,163370,161272],{"class":98},[84,163372,103],{"class":102},[84,163374,4912],{"class":121},[84,163376,282],{"class":102},[84,163378,4984],{"class":121},[84,163380,485],{"class":102},[84,163382,163383,163385,163387,163389],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,163384,490],{"class":98},[84,163386,103],{"class":102},[84,163388,23191],{"class":121},[84,163390,110],{"class":102},[24,163392,265],{},[75,163394,163396],{"className":77,"code":163395,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163397,163398,163414],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163399,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163401,103],{"class":102},[84,163403,394],{"class":387},[84,163405,12763],{"class":391},[84,163407,394],{"class":387},[84,163409,282],{"class":102},[84,163411,19782],{"class":106},[84,163413,110],{"class":102},[84,163415,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,163417,103],{"class":102},[84,163419,394],{"class":387},[84,163421,35817],{"class":391},[84,163423,394],{"class":387},[84,163425,282],{"class":102},[84,163427,13391],{"class":106},[84,163429,110],{"class":102},[24,163431,163432],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1667,163434,1442,163436,163438,163439],{"id":163435},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163437,64184],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163440,929],{},[24,163442,153,163443,163445],{},[15,163444,64184],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[24,163447,153,163448,163450],{},[15,163449,929],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[75,163452,163453],{"className":77,"code":35794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,163454,163455,163487,163491,163511],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163456,163457,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483,163485],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163458,4868],{"class":90},[84,163460,95],{"class":94},[84,163462,3498],{"class":102},[84,163464,854],{"class":387},[84,163466,12763],{"class":391},[84,163468,854],{"class":387},[84,163470,282],{"class":102},[84,163472,3230],{"class":387},[84,163474,35817],{"class":391},[84,163476,854],{"class":387},[84,163478,282],{"class":102},[84,163480,3230],{"class":387},[84,163482,35826],{"class":391},[84,163484,854],{"class":387},[84,163486,317],{"class":102},[84,163488,163489],{"class":86,"line":113},[84,163490,238],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":237},[84,163492,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509],{"class":86,"line":132},[84,163494,440],{"class":470},[84,163496,35697],{"class":90},[84,163498,282],{"class":102},[84,163500,35845],{"class":90},[84,163502,476],{"class":470},[84,163504,35707],{"class":98},[84,163506,103],{"class":102},[84,163508,4912],{"class":121},[84,163510,485],{"class":102},[84,163512,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523],{"class":86,"line":241},[84,163514,490],{"class":98},[84,163516,103],{"class":102},[84,163518,35722],{"class":121},[84,163520,282],{"class":102},[84,163522,35868],{"class":121},[84,163524,110],{"class":102},[24,163526,163527,163528,425],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[419,163529,13,163530,424],{"href":91881},[15,163531,929],{},[70,163533,1665],{"id":1664},[1667,163535,5016,163537,5019],{"id":163536},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163538,64184],{},[24,163540,163541],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1667,163543,12586,163545,163547],{"id":163544},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163546,64184],{}," work with different lengths?",[24,163549,163550],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1667,163552,163554,163555,1689],{"id":163553},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163556,64184],{},[24,163558,163559,163560,425],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163561,162167],{},[1667,163563,163565,163566,1689],{"id":163564},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163567,64184],{},[24,163569,127925,163570,163572],{},[15,163571,162320],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1667,163574,163576],{"id":163575},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[24,163578,163579],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[70,163581,1777],{"id":1776},[33,163583,163584,163589,163595,163599,163603],{},[36,163585,163586],{},[419,163587,163588],{"href":163107},"How to use zip in Python",[36,163590,163591],{},[419,163592,13,163593,424],{"href":91881},[15,163594,929],{},[36,163596,163597],{},[419,163598,5090],{"href":5460},[36,163600,163601],{},[419,163602,69552],{"href":69475},[36,163604,163605],{},[419,163606,32137],{"href":30962},[1814,163608,163609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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